1
|
Zhang Q, Zhao W, He J, He J, Shi S, Sun M, Niu X, Zeng Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Li Y, Zhang C, Duan S, Hung WL, Wang R. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 with galactooligosaccharide synbiotics on obese individuals: an in vitro fermentation model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5042-5051. [PMID: 38319685 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of synbiotics is emerging as a promising intervention strategy for regulating the gut microbiota and for preventing or reducing obesity, in comparison with the use of probiotics or prebiotics alone. A previous in vivo study revealed that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 (L. paracasei K56) could alleviate obesity induced in high-fat-diet mice; however, the effect of the synbiotic combination of L. paracasei K56 and prebiotics in obese individuals has not been explored fully. RESULTS The effect of prebiotics on the proliferation of L. paracasei K56 was determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that polydextrose (PG), xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) had a greater potential to be used as substrates for L. paracasei K56 than three other prebiotics (melitose, stachyose, and mannan-oligosaccharide). An in vitro fermentation model based on the feces of ten obese female volunteers was then established. The results revealed that K56_GOS showed a significant increase in GOS degradation rate and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, and a decrease in gas levels, compared with PG, XOS, GOS, K56_PG, and K56_XOS. Changes in these microbial biomarkers, including a significant increase in Bacteroidota, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia and a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and Escherichia-Shigella in the K56_GOS group, were associated with increased SCFA content and decreased gas levels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effect of the synbiotic combination of L. paracasei K56 and GOS on obese individuals and indicates its potential therapeutic role in obesity treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoqi Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiwen Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokang Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zeng
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ha S, Wong VWS, Zhang X, Yu J. Interplay between gut microbiome, host genetic and epigenetic modifications in MASLD and MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332398. [PMID: 38950910 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver injuries, ranging from hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis to MASLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (MASLD-HCC). Recent studies have highlighted the bidirectional impacts between host genetics/epigenetics and the gut microbial community. Host genetics influence the composition of gut microbiome, while the gut microbiota and their derived metabolites can induce host epigenetic modifications to affect the development of MASLD. The exploration of the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and the genetic/epigenetic makeup of the host is anticipated to yield promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting MASLD and its associated conditions. In this review, we summarise the effects of gut microbiome, host genetics and epigenetic alterations in MASLD and MASLD-HCC. We further discuss research findings demonstrating the bidirectional impacts between gut microbiome and host genetics/epigenetics, emphasising the significance of this interconnection in MASLD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suki Ha
- 1Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- 1Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- 1Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- 1Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valladares L, Vio Del Río F. [Bioactive components of whole grain and their effect on health]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:706-711. [PMID: 38501834 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases represent a global health burden with increasing prevalence. To prevent or improve this type of diseases, dietary strategies based on healthy foods have been suggested. Cereals are the most consumed foods in the world and preventive effects of whole grains on health have been described. The germ and bran of cereals are abundant in bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals and fibers, and these compounds are effective in preventing and improving non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the content and distribution of the primary components of whole grains (wheat, barley, oats, rice and black wheat) and their fractions, focusing on the mechanisms by which phenolic acids and dietary fiber contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There is clear evidence of the broad cellular and physiological effects of bioactive compounds in whole grains, supporting the health value of a diet rich in whole grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valladares
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA). Universidad de Chile
| | - Fernando Vio Del Río
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA). Universidad de Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Qi X, Wang Q, He Y, Li Z, Cen X, Wei L. Comprehensive analysis of key host gene-microbe networks in the cecum tissues of the obese rabbits induced by a high-fat diet. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1407051. [PMID: 38947127 PMCID: PMC11211605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cecum is a key site for cellulose digestion in nutrient metabolism of intestine, but its mechanisms of microbial and gene interactions has not been fully elucidated during pathogenesis of obesity. Therefore, the cecum tissues of the New Zealand rabbits and their contents between the high-fat diet-induced group (Ob) and control group (Co) were collected and analyzed using multi-omics. The metagenomic analysis indicated that the relative abundances of Corallococcus_sp._CAG:1435 and Flavobacteriales bacterium species were significantly lower, while those of Akkermansia glycaniphila, Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:776, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:472, Clostridium_sp._CAG:609, Akkermansia_sp._KLE1605, Clostridium_sp._CAG:508, and Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG:460 species were significantly higher in the Ob as compared to those in Co. Transcriptomic sequencing results showed that the differentially upregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways, including calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway, while the differentially downregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The comparative analysis of metabolites showed that the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the important metabolic pathways between the two groups. The combined analysis showed that CAMK1, IGFBP6, and IGFBP4 genes were highly correlated with Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, and Akkermansia_glycaniphila species. Thus, the preliminary study elucidated the microbial and gene interactions in cecum of obese rabbit and provided a basis for further studies in intestinal intervention for human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhupeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xi Cen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Silva CR, de Freitas PNN, Constantin PP, Pileggi SAV, Olchanheski LR, Pileggi M. Probiotics as a strategy for addressing helminth infections in low-income countries: Working smarter rather than richer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116363. [PMID: 38871336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Helminth infections, which affect approximately 1.5 billion individuals worldwide (mainly children), are common in low- and middle-income tropical countries and can lead to various diseases. One crucial factor affecting the occurrence of these diseases is the reduced diversity of the gut microbiome due to antibiotic use. This reduced diversity compromises immune health in hosts and alters host gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Helminth infections may produce complex biochemical signatures that could serve as therapeutic targets. Such therapies include next-generation probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, and biochemical drug approaches. Probiotics can bind ferric hydroxide, reducing the iron that is available to opportunistic microorganisms. They also produce short-chain fatty acids associated with immune response modulation, oral tolerance facilitation, and inflammation reduction. In this review, we examine the potential link between these effects and epigenetic changes in immune response-related genes by analyzing methyltransferase-related genes within probiotic strains discussed in the literature. The identified genes were only correlated with methylation in bacterial genes. Various metabolic interactions among hosts, helminth parasites, and intestinal microbiomes can impact the immune system, potentially aiding or hindering worm expulsion through chemical signaling. Implementing a comprehensive strategy using probiotics may reduce the impact of drug-resistant helminth strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Comparative Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rosa Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Pereira Constantin
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sônia Alvim Veiga Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shyanti RK, Greggs J, Malik S, Mishra M. Gut dysbiosis impacts the immune system and promotes prostate cancer. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106883. [PMID: 38852888 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a system of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal (GI) system, consisting of trillions of microorganisms residing in epithelial surfaces of the body. Gut microbiota are exposed to various external and internal factors and form a unique gut-associated immunity maintained through a balancing act among diverse groups of microorganisms. The role of microbiota in dysbiosis of the gut in aiding prostate cancer development has created an urgency for extending research toward comprehension and preventative measures. The gut microbiota varies among persons based on diet, race, genetic background, and geographic location. Bacteriome, mainly, has been linked to GI complications, metabolism, weight gain, and high blood sugar. Studies have shown that manipulating the microbiome (bacteriome, virome, and mycobiome) through the dietary intake of phytochemicals positively influences physical and emotional health, preventing and delaying diseases caused by microbiota. In this review, we discuss the wealth of knowledge about the GI tract and factors associated with dysbiosis-mediated compromised gut immunity. This review also focuses on the relationship of dysbiosis to prostate cancer, the impact of microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on host health, and the phytochemicals improving health while inhibiting prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritis K Shyanti
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, AL 36104, USA
| | - Jazmyn Greggs
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, AL 36104, USA
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Manoj Mishra
- Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, AL 36104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruța F, Pribac M, Mardale E, Suciu S, Maior R, Bogdan S, Avram C. Associations between Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Other Risk Factors in Women with a History of Urinary Tract Infections. Nutrients 2024; 16:1753. [PMID: 38892685 PMCID: PMC11174854 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among otherwise healthy women represent a problem that requires additional understanding and approaches. Evidencing the link between dysbiosis and UTIs and the associated potential risk factors could lead to therapeutic approaches with increased efficiency under the conditions of reducing the risks associated with antibiotic treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dysbiosis and other potential risk factors in women with a history of urinary tract infections; (2) Methods: Fecal dysbiosis tests were performed comparatively in two groups of women. The first group in-cluded women with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) who had either two or more symp-tomatic episodes of UTI in the previous six months. The second group included women with spo-radic UTIs who did not have >1 UTI during a 12-month period and who did not have another UTI in the last 12 months; (3) Results: An association was shown between intestinal dysbiosis and recurrences of urinary tract infections. Increased body weight was associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Also, the lack of knowledge regarding the risk of using antibiotics and the benefits of probiotics was associated with both dysbiosis and recurrences of urinary tract infections; (4) Conclusions: Dysbiosis can have an impact on the recurrence of urinary tract infections. The risk factors for rUTI and dysbiosis in the sphere of lifestyle are potentially controllable, broadening the perspective for new approaches and changing the paradigm in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Ruța
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Mirela Pribac
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Sara Suciu
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Raluca Maior
- Anti-Aging Nutrition Clinic, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | | | - Călin Avram
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luzzi A, Briata IM, Di Napoli I, Giugliano S, Di Sabatino A, Rescigno M, Cena H. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics to adolescents in metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1433-1446. [PMID: 38704983 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has globally reached alarming dimensions and many adolescents affected by obesity already present one or more obesity-related comorbidities. In recent years, emerging evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases has been reported and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics as a strategy to manipulate gut microbiota has become popular. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and to discuss the potential use of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of this clinical picture in adolescence. According to the most recent literature, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have no clear effect on MetS, but a possible modulation of anthropometric parameters has been observed after synbiotic supplementation. Only one study has examined the role of postbiotics in alleviating metabolic complications in children with obesity but not in adolescents. More extensive research is needed to support the conclusions drawn so far and to develop effective microbiome-based interventions that may help improving the quality of life of children and adolescents exposed to the increasing prevalence of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luzzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Irene Maria Briata
- Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Di Napoli
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, 20072, Italy.
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; First Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, 20072, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kiosia A, Dagbasi A, Berkley JA, Wilding JPH, Prendergast AJ, Li JV, Swann J, Mathers JC, Kerac M, Morrison D, Drake L, Briend A, Maitland K, Frost G. The double burden of malnutrition in individuals: Identifying key challenges and re-thinking research focus. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:132-145. [PMID: 38576109 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The 'double burden of malnutrition' is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity, as well as other diet-related non-communicable diseases, in the same population, household or even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in some parts of the world, in many of these areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in urban areas, resulting in greater numbers of people who were undernourished in childhood and have overweight or obesity in adulthood. This creates a complex and challenging situation for research experts and policymakers who must simultaneously address the public health burdens of undernutrition and overweight/obesity. This review identifies key challenges and limitations in the current research on the double burden of malnutrition in individuals, including the need for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the drivers of malnutrition, the importance of context-specific interventions and the need for greater attention to the food environment and food systems. We advocate for the re-evaluation of research strategies and focus, with a greater emphasis on multidisciplinary and systems approaches and greater attention to the synergistic relationship between the biological, environmental, commercial and socio-economic determinants of malnutrition. Addressing these key challenges can enable us to better comprehend and tackle the multifaceted and dynamic issues of the double burden of malnutrition, particularly in individuals and work towards more effective and sustainable solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agklinta Kiosia
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research Global, HDR UK, London, UK
| | - Aygul Dagbasi
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Berkley
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jon Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marko Kerac
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Douglas Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, UK
| | - Lesley Drake
- Partnership for Child Development, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Briend
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suslov AV, Panas A, Sinelnikov MY, Maslennikov RV, Trishina AS, Zharikova TS, Zharova NV, Kalinin DV, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov YO. Applied physiology: gut microbiota and antimicrobial therapy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1631-1643. [PMID: 38683402 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health and in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs and have a significant impact on the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The understanding that a healthy gut microbiota prevents the development of many diseases has also led to its consideration as a potential therapeutic target. At the same time, any factor that alters the gut microbiota becomes important in this approach. Exercise and antibacterial therapy have a direct effect on the microbiota. The review reflects the current state of publications on the mechanisms of intestinal bacterial involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The physiological mechanisms of the influence of physical activity on the composition of the gut microbiota are considered. The mechanisms of the common interface between exercise and antibacterial therapy will be considered using the example of several socially important diseases. The aim of the study is to show the physiological relationship between the effects of exercise and antibiotics on the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Suslov
- Russian National Centre of Surgery, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alin Panas
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119048, Russia
| | - Roman V Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Trishina
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Zharikova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Zharova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kalinin
- Pathology Department, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, 115093, Russia
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFT), Department of Physical Therapy (DFisio), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brazil.
| | - Yury O Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 125009, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panzer JJ, Maples C, Meyer MP, Tillotson G, Theis KR, Chopra T. Gut microbiome alpha diversity decreases in relation to body weight, antibiotic exposure, and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:707-711. [PMID: 38176539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense and diverse microbiome, predominated by bacteria. Despite the conservation of critical functionality across most individuals, the composition of the gut microbiome is highly individualized, leading to differential responses to perturbations such as oral antibiotics or multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection. Herein, subject responses to these perturbations based on their body weight were evaluated. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 45 subjects at the Detroit Medical Center to evaluate the effects of perturbations on subjects' gut microbiome composition. Bacterial profiling was completed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Subjects with multiple MDROs, subjects weighing greater than 80 kg infected with MDRO E coli, and subjects weighing less than 80 kg with exposure to vancomycin and carbapenem antibiotics during hospitalization had significantly decreased gut microbiome richness. CONCLUSIONS Both administration of oral antibiotics and MDRO infections decreased gut microbiome alpha diversity, but the magnitude of these gut microbiome perturbations was body weight dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Panzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Catherine Maples
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Kevin R Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
| | - Teena Chopra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ling N, Tian H, Wang Q, Gao M, Xu G, Sun Y, Song D, Li W, Ji C. Advance in Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides: Extraction, structural characteristics, pharmacological activity, structure-activity relationship and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132420. [PMID: 38763246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn) is an excellent medicinal and edible plant owing to its high nutritional and health-promoting properties. As an important bioactive component, H. rhamnoides polysaccharides (HRPs) have aroused wide attention due to their various pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, and so on. Nevertheless, the development and utilization of HRP-derived functional food and medicines are constrained to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship, application, and safety of HRPs. This review systematically summarizes the advancements on the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of HRPs. The structure-activity relationship, safety evaluation, application, as well as the shortcomings of current research and promising prospects are also highlighted. This article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of HRPs and lay a groundwork for future research and utilization of HRPs as multifunctional biomaterials and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingze Gao
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Guiguo Xu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Dongxue Song
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150076, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torres B, Sánchez MC, Virto L, Llama‐Palacios A, Ciudad MJ, Collado L. Use of probiotics in preventing and treating excess weight and obesity. A systematic review. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e759. [PMID: 38903852 PMCID: PMC11187407 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of excess weight and obesity is increasing in an extremely concerning manner worldwide, with highly diverse therapies for current treatment. This review evaluated the scientific evidence of the past 10 years on the use of probiotics in treating excess weight and obesity in the absence of dieting. Materials A systematic review was conducted by searching for clinical trials on humans published in English in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases, using the combination of keywords "Overweight", "Probiotics" and "Obesity", and published between 2012 and 2022. Results Six published studies met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that, although there is a lack of consensus in the literature, the use of probiotics in the absence of dieting produced a significant reduction in body weight and body mass index in 66.6% of the reviewed studies, a significant reduction in waist circumference in 80.0% of the reviewed studies, and an improvement in total body fat mass and waist circumference. Conclusions This review showed evidence of a trend in preventing body weight gain and reducing weight through the use of probiotics in individuals with excess weight or obesity. A combination of various strains of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was the most effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Torres
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - María C. Sánchez
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Leire Virto
- Faculty of OpticsDepartment of Anatomy and EmbryologyComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Arancha Llama‐Palacios
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - María J. Ciudad
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Luis Collado
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
AlMarzooqi SK, Almarzooqi F, Sadida HQ, Jerobin J, Ahmed I, Abou-Samra AB, Fakhro KA, Dhawan P, Bhat AA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues. Obes Rev 2024:e13766. [PMID: 38745386 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K AlMarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fajr Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian S, Chen M. Global research progress of gut microbiota and epigenetics: bibliometrics and visualized analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412640. [PMID: 38803501 PMCID: PMC11128553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is an important factor affecting host health. With the further study of the mechanism of gut microbiota, significant progress has been made in the study of the link between gut microbiota and epigenetics. This study visualizes the body of knowledge and research priorities between the gut microbiota and epigenetics through bibliometrics. Methods Publications related to gut microbiota and epigenetics were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Vosviewer 1.6.17 and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 were used for bibliometric analysis. Results WoSCC includes 460 articles from 71 countries. The number of publications on gut microbiota and epigenetics has increased each year since 2011. The USA, PEOPLES R CHINA, and ITALY are at the center of this field of research. The University of California System, Harvard University, and the University of London are the main research institutions. Li, X, Yu, Q, Zhang, S X are the top authors in this research field. We found that current research hotspots and frontiers include short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms, gut microbiota and epigenetics play an important role in host obesity, diet, and metabolism. Gut microbiota and epigenetics are closely related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. At the same time, we found that gut microbiota regulates epigenetics through the gut-brain axis and has an impact on psychiatric diseases. Therefore, probiotics can regulate gut microbiota, improve lifestyle, and reduce the occurrence and development of diseases. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive and in-depth bibliometric study of trends and developments in the field of gut microbiota and epigenetics research. This study helps to guide the direction of research scholars in their current field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Oliveira Melo NC, Cuevas-Sierra A, Souto VF, Martínez JA. Biological Rhythms, Chrono-Nutrition, and Gut Microbiota: Epigenomics Insights for Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Health. Biomolecules 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38785965 PMCID: PMC11117887 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms integrate a finely tuned network of biological processes recurring every 24 h, intricately coordinating the machinery of all cells. This self-regulating system plays a pivotal role in synchronizing physiological and behavioral responses, ensuring an adaptive metabolism within the environmental milieu, including dietary and physical activity habits. The systemic integration of circadian homeostasis involves a balance of biological rhythms, each synchronically linked to the central circadian clock. Central to this orchestration is the temporal dimension of nutrient and food intake, an aspect closely interwoven with the neuroendocrine circuit, gut physiology, and resident microbiota. Indeed, the timing of meals exerts a profound influence on cell cycle regulation through genomic and epigenetic processes, particularly those involving gene expression, DNA methylation and repair, and non-coding RNA activity. These (epi)genomic interactions involve a dynamic interface between circadian rhythms, nutrition, and the gut microbiota, shaping the metabolic and immune landscape of the host. This research endeavors to illustrate the intricate (epi)genetic interplay that modulates the synchronization of circadian rhythms, nutritional signaling, and the gut microbiota, unravelling the repercussions on metabolic health while suggesting the potential benefits of feed circadian realignment as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for systemic metabolic modulation via gut microbiota. This exploration delves into the interconnections that underscore the significance of temporal eating patterns, offering insights regarding circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and chrono-nutrition interactions with (epi)genomic phenomena, thereby influencing diverse aspects of metabolic, well-being, and quality of life outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vitória Felício Souto
- Department of Nutrition at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (N.C.d.O.M.); (V.F.S.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centre of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu Z, Luo Y, Wu Y, Qin D, Yang F, Luo F, Lin Q. Extraction, structures, biological effects and potential mechanisms of Momordica charantia polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131498. [PMID: 38614167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. is a kind of vegetable with medicinal value. As the main component of the vegetable, Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) mainly consist of galactose, galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, mannose and the molecular weight range is 4.33 × 103-1.16 × 106 Da. MCPs have been found to have various biological activities in recent years, such as anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-brain injury, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammation. In this review, we systematically summarized the extraction methods, structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of MCPs. Especially MCPs modulate gut microbiota and cause the alterations of metabolic products, which can regulate different signaling pathways and target gene expressions to exert various functions. Meanwhile, the potential structure-activity relationships of MCPs were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for better development or modification of MCPs. Future researches on MCPs should focus on industrial extraction and molecular mechanisms. In East Asia, Momordica charantia L. is used as both food and medicine. It is not clear whether MCP has its unique biological effects. Further study on the difference between MCPs and other food-derived polysaccharides will be helpful to the development and potential application of Momordica charantia L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuomin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yidan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song X, Liang J, Lin S, Xie Y, Ke C, Ao D, Lu J, Chen X, He Y, Liu X, Li W. Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12356. [PMID: 38687096 PMCID: PMC11060082 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota are closely related to the development and regulation of the host immune system by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens, which affects the host immunity. Early use of antibiotics disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota and increases the risk of asthma. Gut microbiota actively interact with the host immune system via the gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to combat asthma has become a hot research topic. BODY: This review mainly describes the current immune pathogenesis of asthma, gut microbiota and the role of the gut-lung axis in asthma. Moreover, the potential of manipulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites as a treatment strategy for asthma has been discussed. CONCLUSION The gut-lung axis has a bidirectional effect on asthma. Gut microecology imbalance contributes to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites. Asthma, in turn, can also cause intestinal damage through inflammation throughout the body. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and FMT can inform the treatment strategies for asthma by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Ling Song
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Shao‐Zhu Lin
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Xie
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Chuang‐Hong Ke
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xue‐Mei Chen
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Ying‐Zhi He
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xiao‐Hua Liu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Wen Li
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li L, Xia X, Yang T, Sun Y, Liu X, Xu W, Lu M, Cui D, Wu Y. RNA methylation: A potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disease. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:160-177. [PMID: 37975549 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2280544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are caused by the body's immune response to autoantigens. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is unclear. Numerous studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays a key role in disease progression, which is essential for post-transcriptional regulation and has gradually become a broad regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in various physiological processes, including RNA nuclear output, translation, splicing, and noncoding RNA processing. Here, we outline the writers, erasers, and readers of RNA methylation, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 2'-O-methylation (Nm), 2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C) and N7-methylguanosine (m7G). As the role of RNA methylation modifications in the immune system and diseases is explained, the potential treatment value of these modifications has also been demonstrated. This review reports the relationship between RNA methylation and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for future research into the therapeutic potential of RNA modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoping Xia
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Tian Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuchao Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Mei Lu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Wu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Wei S, Zhang H, Jo Y, Kang JS, Ha KT, Joo J, Lee HJ, Ryu D. Gut microbiota-generated metabolites: missing puzzles to hosts' health, diseases, and aging. BMB Rep 2024; 57:207-215. [PMID: 38627947 PMCID: PMC11139682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, an intricate community of bacteria residing in the gastrointestinal system, assumes a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Beyond its function in food breakdown and nutrient absorption, gut microbiota exerts a profound influence on immune and metabolic modulation by producing diverse gut microbiota-generated metabolites (GMGMs). These small molecules hold potential to impact host health via multiple pathways, which exhibit remarkable diversity, and have gained increasing attention in recent studies. Here, we elucidate the intricate implications and significant impacts of four specific metabolites, Urolithin A (UA), equol, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and imidazole propionate, in shaping human health. Meanwhile, we also look into the advanced research on GMGMs, which demonstrate promising curative effects and hold great potential for further clinical therapies. Notably, the emergence of positive outcomes from clinical trials involving GMGMs, typified by UA, emphasizes their promising prospects in the pursuit of improved health and longevity. Collectively, the multifaceted impacts of GMGMs present intriguing avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(5): 207-215].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jongkil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea, Busan 49241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang R, Liu R, Zha H, Cheng Y, Ling Z, Li L. Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300016. [PMID: 38708414 PMCID: PMC11065334 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing global health concern that can lead to liver disease and cancer. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota-host crosstalk may play a causal role in NAFLD pathogenesis, with epigenetic modification serving as a key mechanism for regulating this interaction. In this review, we explore how the interplay between gut microbiota and the host epigenome impacts the development of NAFLD. Specifically, we discuss how gut microbiota-derived factors, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can modulate the DNA methylation and histone acetylation of genes associated with NAFLD, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism and immune homeostasis. Although the current literature suggests a link between gut microbiota and NAFLD development, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying this crosstalk remains limited. Therefore, more comprehensive epigenomic and multi-omic studies, including broader clinical and animal experiments, are needed to further explore the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to NAFLD-associated genes. These studies are anticipated to improve microbial markers based on epigenetic strategies and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD, ultimately addressing a significant unmet clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Center of Pediatric Hematology‐oncologyPediatric Leukemia Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Research Center of Zhejiang ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthChildren's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fang W, Jin M, Qi W, Kong C, Song G, Peng W, Wang Y. Caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131683. [PMID: 38649076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols and dietary fibers in whole grains are important bioactive compounds to reduce risks for obesity. However, whether the combination of the two components exhibits a stronger anti-obesity effect remains unclear. Caffeic acid is a major phenolic acid in cereals, and arabinoxylan and β-glucan are biological macromolecules with numerous health benefits. Here, we investigated the effect of caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan on glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan significantly reduced the body weight, blood glucose, and serum free fatty acid concentrations. Caffeic acid combined with β-glucan effectively decreased serum total cholesterol levels and hepatic lipid accumulation, modulated oxidative and inflammatory stress, and improved gut barrier function. Compared with arabinoxylan, β-glucan, and caffeic acid alone, caffeic acid combined with arabinoxylan or β-glucan exhibited a better capacity to modulate gut microbiota, including increased microbial diversity, reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, caffeic acid combined with β-glucan reversed HFD-induced changes in microbiota-derived metabolites involving tryptophan, purine, and bile acid metabolism. Thus, caffeic acid and β-glucan had a synergistic anti-obesity effect by regulating specific gut microbiota and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chunli Kong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenting Peng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bankole T, Ma T, Arora I, Lei Z, Raju M, Li Z, Li Y. The Effect of Broccoli Glucoraphanin Supplementation on Ameliorating High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity through the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Interface. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300856. [PMID: 38676466 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity and its metabolic comorbidities pose a major global challenge for public health. Glucoraphanin (GRN) is a natural bioactive compound enriched in broccoli that is known to have potential health benefits against various human chronic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigats the effects of broccoli GRN supplementation on body weight, metabolic parameters, gut microbiome and metabolome associated with obesity. The study is conducted on an obese-related C57BL/6J mouse model through the treatment of normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD)and GRN-supplemented HFD (HFD-GRN) to determine the metabolic protection of GRN. The results shows that GRN treatment alleviates obesity-related traits leading to improved glucose metabolism in HFD-fed animals. Mechanically, the study noticed that GRN significantly shifts the gut microbial diversity and composition to an eubiosis status. GRN supplement also significantly alters plasma metabolite profiles. Further integrated analysis reveal a complex interaction between the gut microbes and host metabolism that may contribute to GRN-induced beneficial effects against HFD. CONCLUSION These results indicate that beneficial effects of broccoli GRN on reversing HFD-induced adverse metabolic parameters may be attributed to its impacts on reprogramming microbial community and metabolites. Identification of the mechanistic functions of GRN further warrants it as a dietary candidate for obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Bankole
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Murugesan Raju
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang S, Xiao X, Wu H, Zhou F, Fu C. MicroRNA-582-3p knockdown alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by altering the gut microbiota composition and moderating TMBIM1. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:909-916. [PMID: 37823951 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut dysbiosis correlates with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), involving the moderation of miRNAs. AIMS This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and miR-582-3p in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to explore the possible regulation of miR-582-3p in the function of the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS GSE69670 and GSE14435 datasets were analyzed by GEO2R. Plasma and fecal samples were obtained from the subjects, non-steatosis (n = 35), simple steatosis (n = 35), and NASH (n = 35). The variations in intestinal microbiota in the non-steatosis and NASH groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The expression of miR-582-3p among the groups was detected using RT-qPCR. Correlations between top-changed intestinal microbiota and miR-582-3p expression were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Target gene identification was performed by prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of miR-582-3p on the cell function of TGF-β1-induced HSCs was assessed in vitro. RESULTS miR-582-3p was the common differentially expressed miRNA between GSE69670 and GSE14435. miR-582-3p was upregulated in NASH patients' plasma, as well as in TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells. The non-steatosis and NASH groups showed significantly different intestinal microbiota distribution. miR-582-3p was positively correlated with specific microbiota populations. TMBIM1 was a target gene for miR-582-3p. Knockdown of miR-582-3p suppressed HSC proliferation and myofibroblast markers' expression but induced cell apoptosis, via TMBIM1. CONCLUSIONS This present study suggests that miR-582-3p promotes the progression of NASH. Knockdown of miR-582-3p may alleviate NASH by altering the gut microbiota composition and moderating TMBIM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hongman Wu
- Department of Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, NO.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, NO.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chenchao Fu
- Department of Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, NO.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mehrabani S, Shoaei N, Shateri Z, Askarpour M, Nouri M, Keshani P, Honarvar B, Homayounfar R. Consumption of ultra-processed foods could influence the metabolic syndrome odds: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2567-2577. [PMID: 38628179 PMCID: PMC11016394 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence has augmented globally during recent decades. Over the past years, the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has grown significantly worldwide. So, the present research investigated the association between UPFs and MetS in an Iranian sample. This cross-sectional research was conducted on people (n = 8841) in the Fasa cohort study, Fars province, Iran. The participants' dietary consumption over a year, UPF consumption, and MetS diagnosis were evaluated through a 125-item modified food frequency questionnaire, the NOVA food group classification, and the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program, respectively. The association between the quartiles (Q) of UPF intake and the odds of MetS was estimated using the backward LR method of multivariate analysis. In the multivariate model, after adjusting potential confounders, the association between UPF intake and the odds of MetS was significant (Q4: odds ratio (OR = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.76-3.89). Also, the odds of increasing triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) and decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly higher in the last quartile compared to the first quartile of UPFs (TG: OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.49-1.97, blood pressure: OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.30-1.79, FBS: OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10-1.54, and HDL-C: OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.39). The current research found a relationship between UPF intake and MetS and its components, indicating a diet-containing UPFs can be related to the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehrabani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Niloofar Shoaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aagaard KM, Barkin SL, Burant CF, Carnell S, Demerath E, Donovan SM, Eneli I, Francis LA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Hivert MF, LeBourgeois MK, Loos RJF, Lumeng JC, Miller AL, Okely AD, Osganian SK, Ramirez AG, Trasande L, Van Horn LV, Wake M, Wright RJ, Yanovski SZ. Understanding risk and causal mechanisms for developing obesity in infants and young children: A National Institutes of Health workshop. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13690. [PMID: 38204366 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity in children remains a major public health problem, with the current prevalence in youth ages 2-19 years estimated to be 19.7%. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, current models do not accurately predict development of obesity in early childhood. There is also substantial individual variability in response to a given intervention that is not well understood. On April 29-30, 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a virtual workshop on "Understanding Risk and Causal Mechanisms for Developing Obesity in Infants and Young Children." The workshop brought together scientists from diverse disciplines to discuss (1) what is known regarding epidemiology and underlying biological and behavioral mechanisms for rapid weight gain and development of obesity and (2) what new approaches can improve risk prediction and gain novel insights into causes of obesity in early life. Participants identified gaps and opportunities for future research to advance understanding of risk and underlying mechanisms for development of obesity in early life. It was emphasized that future studies will require multi-disciplinary efforts across basic, behavioral, and clinical sciences. An exposome framework is needed to elucidate how behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors interact. Use of novel statistical methods may provide greater insights into causal mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Sport, Food, and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Stavroula K Osganian
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelie G Ramirez
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda V Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa Wake
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tagliamonte S, Puhlmann ML, De Filippis F, Guerville M, Ercolini D, Vitaglione P. Relationships between diet and gut microbiome in an Italian and Dutch cohort: does the dietary protein to fiber ratio play a role? Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:741-750. [PMID: 38151533 PMCID: PMC10948488 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between the habitual diet, the protein to fiber ratio (P/F), and the gut microbiome in one Italian and one Dutch cohort of healthy subjects consuming an omnivore diet. METHODS The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m2, age 25.4 ± 0.96 years) and 20 females (F_IT, BMI 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age 23.8 ± 0.54 years); the Dutch cohort included 30 females (F_NL, BMI: 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age: 23.8 ± 0.54 years). Individual diets were recorded through Food Frequency Questionnaires and analyzed to assess the nutrient composition. Gut microbiome was assessed in fecal samples. RESULTS M_IT consumed higher levels of proteins than F_NL and F_IT, whereas dietary fiber intake did not differ among groups. Data showed that consumption of plant protein to animal protein (PP/AP) and PP to total proteins ratio can determine a differentiation of F_NL more than the absolute amount of dietary fiber. Conversely, the protein to fiber (P/F) and AP to total proteins better characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest abundance of proteolytic microorganisms and the lowest microbial gene richness. Conversely, F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Roseburia sp., Coprococcus eutactus and Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness. It was predicted that by each unit decrease in the P/F a 3% increase in gene richness occurred. CONCLUSION Study findings suggested that dietary P/F, rather than the absolute amount of dietary fiber, could contribute to the shaping of the microbiome towards a more proteolytic or fiber-degrading gut ecosystem. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier NCT04205045-01-10-2018, retrospectively registered. Dutch Trial Register NTR7531-05-10-2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliamonte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marie-Luise Puhlmann
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathilde Guerville
- Nutrition Department, Lactalis Research and Development, 35240, Retiers, France
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy.
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vahid F, Dessenne C, Tur JA, Bouzas C, Devaux Y, Malisoux L, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Sureda A, Desai MS, Turner JD, Lamy E, Perez-Jimenez M, Ravn-Haren G, Andersen R, Forberger S, Nagrani R, Ouzzahra Y, Fontefrancesco MF, Onorati MG, Bonetti GG, de-Magistris T, Bohn T. Multicomponent (bio)markers for obesity risk prediction: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083558. [PMID: 38458803 PMCID: PMC10928751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite international efforts, the number of individuals struggling with obesity is still increasing. An important aspect of obesity prevention relates to identifying individuals at risk at early stage, allowing for timely risk stratification and initiation of countermeasures. However, obesity is complex and multifactorial by nature, and one isolated (bio)marker is unlikely to enable an optimal risk stratification and prognosis for the individual; rather, a combined set is required. Such a multicomponent interpretation would integrate biomarkers from various domains, such as classical markers (eg, anthropometrics, blood lipids), multiomics (eg, genetics, proteomics, metabolomics), lifestyle and behavioural attributes (eg, diet, physical activity, sleep patterns), psychological traits (mental health status such as depression) and additional host factors (eg, gut microbiota diversity), also by means of advanced interpretation tools such as machine learning. In this paper, we will present a protocol that will be employed for a scoping review that attempts to summarise and map the state-of-the-art in the area of multicomponent (bio)markers related to obesity, focusing on the usability and effectiveness of such biomarkers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase databases will be searched using predefined key terms to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English until January 2024. Once downloaded into EndNote for deduplication, CADIMA will be employed to review and select abstracts and full-text articles in a two-step procedure, by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will then be carried out by several independent reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines will be followed. Combinations employing at least two biomarkers from different domains will be mapped and discussed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required; data will rely on published articles. Findings will be published open access in an international peer-reviewed journal. This review will allow guiding future directions for research and public health strategies on obesity prevention, paving the way towards multicomponent interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Coralie Dessenne
- Science Office, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IdISBa & CIBEROBN (ISCIII), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IdISBa & CIBEROBN (ISCIII), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IdISBa & CIBEROBN (ISCIII), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IdISBa & CIBEROBN (ISCIII), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Évora, Evora, Portugal, Evora, Portugal
| | - Maria Perez-Jimenez
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of Évora, Evora, Portugal, Evora, Portugal
| | | | - Rikke Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Forberger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yacine Ouzzahra
- Science Office, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
He L, Yang SS, Ding J, Chen CX, Yang F, He ZL, Pang JW, Peng BY, Zhang Y, Xing DF, Ren NQ, Wu WM. Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate by Tenebrio molitor: Insights for polymer chain size, gut metabolome and host genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133446. [PMID: 38219578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or polyester) is a commonly used plastic and also contributes to the majority of plastic wastes. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) are capable of biodegrading major plastic polymers but their degrading ability for PET has not been characterized based on polymer chain size molecular size, gut microbiome, metabolome and transcriptome. We verified biodegradation of commercial PET by T. molitor larvae in a previous report. Here, we reported that biodegradation of commercial PET (Mw 29.43 kDa) was further confirmed by using the δ13C signature as an indication of bioreaction, which was increased from - 27.50‰ to - 26.05‰. Under antibiotic suppression of gut microbes, the PET was still depolymerized, indicating that the host digestive enzymes could degrade PET independently. Biodegradation of high purity PET with low, medium, and high molecular weights (MW), i.e., Mw values of 1.10, 27.10, and 63.50 kDa with crystallinity 53.66%, 33.43%, and 4.25%, respectively, showed a mass reduction of > 95%, 86%, and 74% via broad depolymerization. Microbiome analyses indicated that PET diets shifted gut microbiota to three distinct structures, depending on the low, medium, and high MW. Metagenome sequencing, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses indicated symbiotic biodegradation of PET by the host and gut microbiota. After PET was fed, the host's genes encoding degradation enzymes were upregulated, including genes encoding oxidizing, hydrolyzing, and non-specific CYP450 enzymes. Gut bacterial genes for biodegrading intermediates and nitrogen fixation also upregulated. The multiple-functional metabolic pathways for PET biodegradation ensured rapid biodegradation resulting in a half-life of PET less than 4 h with less negative impact by PET MW and crystallinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhi-Li He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Bo-Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Hussen BM, Younis YM, Rasul MF, Taheri M. Role of circular RNAs and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:236-252. [PMID: 38192436 PMCID: PMC10771991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a huge worldwide health concern, which includes a wide variety of digestive tract cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), are a family of single-stranded, covalently closed RNAs that have become recognized as crucial gene expression regulators, having an impact on several cellular functions in cancer biology. The gut microbiome, which consists of several different bacteria, actively contributes to the regulation of host immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. CircRNAs and the gut microbiome interact significantly to greatly affect the growth of GI cancer. Several studies focus on the complex functions of circRNAs and the gut microbiota in GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It also emphasizes how changed circRNA expression profiles and gut microbiota affect pathways connected to malignancy as well as how circRNAs affect hallmarks of gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, circRNAs and gut microbiota have been recommended as biological markers for therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Targeting circRNAs and the gut microbiota for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers is also being continued to study. Despite significant initiatives, the connection between circRNAs and the gut microbiota and the emergence of gastrointestinal cancers remains poorly understood. In this study, we will go over the most recent studies to emphasize the key roles of circRNAs and gut microbiota in gastrointestinal cancer progression and therapeutic options. In order to create effective therapies and plan for the future gastrointestinal therapy, it is important to comprehend the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs and the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mellai M, Allesina M, Edoardo B, Cascella F, Nobile V, Spina A, Amone F, Zaccaria V, Insolia V, Perri A, Lofaro D, Puoci F. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Opuntia ficus- indica Prebiotic Supplementation in Subjects with Gut Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2024; 16:586. [PMID: 38474715 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis refers to an imbalance in gut microbiota composition and function. Opuntia ficus-indica extract has been shown to modulate gut microbiota by improving SCFA production in vivo and gastrointestinal discomfort (GD) in humans. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of OdiliaTM on gastrointestinal health by changing the microbial diversity of species involved in inflammation, immunity, oxidation, and the brain-gut-muscle axis. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 80 adults with gut dysbiosis. The intervention consisted of a 300 mg daily intake of OdiliaTM (n = 40) or maltodextrin as a placebo (n = 40), administered for 8 weeks. Intervention effect was evaluated using 16S metagenomics and GIQLI/GSAS scores at baseline, at 4 and 8 weeks. Eight weeks of OdiliaTM supplementation positively modulates gut microbiota composition with a significant reduction in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.0012). Relative abundances of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides and Clostridium_XIVa) were significantly increased (p < 0.001), in contrast to a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria (p < 0.001). Accordingly, GIQLI and GSAS scores revealed successful improvement in GD. OdiliaTM may represent an effective and well-tolerated treatment in subjects with gut dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Unit, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Allesina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetto Edoardo
- GIGA-CP Italian Association for Primary Care Gastroenterology, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Cascella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- R&D Department, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy
| | - Amelia Spina
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fabio Amone
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Grecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Danilo Lofaro
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee HK, Kim NE, Shin CM, Oh TJ, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Won S, Lee DH. Gut microbiome signature of metabolically healthy obese individuals according to anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3449. [PMID: 38342934 PMCID: PMC10859373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients, and how they correlate with metabolic and inflammatory profiles. A total of 120 obese people without metabolic comorbidities were recruited, and their clinical phenotypes, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analysed. The faecal microbial markers originating from bacterial cell and extracellular vesicle (EV) were profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing. The total study population could be classified into two distinct enterotypes (enterotype I: Prevotellaceae-predominant, enterotype II: Akkermansia/Bacteroides-predominant), based on their stool EV-derived microbiome profile. When comparing the metabolic and inflammatory profiles, subjects in enterotype I had higher levels of serum IL-1β [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 0.050] and had a lower level of microbial diversity than enterotype II (Wilcoxon rank-sum test p < 0.01). Subjects in enterotype I had relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae and Prevotella-derived EVs, and lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Akkermansia and Bacteroides-derived EVs (FDR q < 0.05). In conclusion, HMO patients can be categorised into two distinct enterotypes by the faecal EV-derived microbiome profile. The enterotyping may be associated with different metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the long-term prognostic impact of EV-derived microbiome in the obese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nam-Eun Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Van K, Burns JL, Monk JM. Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Inflammatory and Metabolic Function in an Obese Skeletal Muscle Cell Culture Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:500. [PMID: 38398822 PMCID: PMC10891728 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which have been shown to impact both skeletal muscle metabolic and inflammatory function; however, their effects within the obese skeletal muscle microenvironment are unknown. In this study, we developed a skeletal muscle in vitro model to mimic the critical features of the obese skeletal muscle microenvironment using L6 myotubes co-treated with 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 500 µM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h ± individual SCFAs, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate at 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM. At the lower SCFA concentration (0.5 mM), all three SCFA reduced the secreted protein level of RANTES, and only butyrate reduced IL-6 protein secretion and the intracellular protein levels of activated (i.e., ratio of phosphorylated-total) NFκB p65 and STAT3 (p < 0.05). Conversely, at the higher SCFA concentration (2.5 mM), individual SCFAs exerted different effects on inflammatory mediator secretion. Specifically, butyrate reduced IL-6, MCP-1 and RANTES secretion, propionate reduced IL-6 and RANTES, and acetate only reduced RANTES secretion (p < 0.05). All three SCFAs reduced intracellular protein levels of activated NFκB p65 and STAT3 (p < 0.05). Importantly, only the 2.5 mM SCFA concentration resulted in all three SCFAs increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared to control L6 myotube cultures (p < 0.05). Therefore, SCFAs exert differential effects on inflammatory mediator secretion in a cell culture model, recapitulating the obese skeletal muscle microenvironment; however, all three SCFAs exerted a beneficial metabolic effect only at a higher concentration via increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, collectively exerting differing degrees of a beneficial effect on obesity-associated skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Van
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Jessie L. Burns
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Jennifer M. Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu S, Li F, Cai Y, Ren L, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Unraveling the mystery: a Mendelian randomized exploration of gut microbiota and different types of obesity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1352109. [PMID: 38375360 PMCID: PMC10875079 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the gut microbiota characteristics among different types of obese patients, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide novel insights for obesity treatment. Methods Two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess causal relationships between gut microbiota and various obesity subtypes. Gut microbiota data were obtained from the international consortium MiBioGen, and data on obese individuals were sourced from the Finnish National Biobank FinnGen. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Various analytical methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, MR-RAPS, and Lasso regression, were applied. Sensitivity analyses for quality control included MR-Egger intercept tests, Cochran's Q tests, and leave-one-out analyses and others. Results Mendelian randomization studies revealed distinct gut microbiota profiles among European populations with different obesity subtypes. Following multivariable MR analysis, we found that Ruminococcaceae UCG010 [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.842, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.766-0.926, Adjusted P value: 0.028] independently reduced the risk of obesity induced by excessive calorie intake, while Butyricimonas [OR: 4.252, 95% CI: 2.177-8.307, Adjusted P value: 0.002] independently increased the risk of medication-induced obesity. For localized adiposity, Pasteurellaceae [OR: 0.213, 95% CI: 0.115-0.395, Adjusted P value: <0.001] acted as a protective factor. In the case of extreme obesity with alveolar hypoventilation, lactobacillus [OR: 0.724, 95% CI: 0.609-0.860, Adjusted P value: 0.035] reduced the risk of its occurrence. Additionally, six gut microbiota may have potential roles in the onset of different types of obesity. Specifically, the Ruminococcus torques group may increase the risk of its occurrence. Desulfovibrio and Catenabacterium may serve as protective factors in the onset of Drug-induced obesity. Oxalobacteraceae, Actinomycetaceae, and Ruminiclostridium 9, on the other hand, could potentially increase the risk of Drug-induced obesity. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs was found in the above studies (all P values for Q test and MR-Egger intercept > 0.05). Conclusion Gut microbiota abundance is causally related to obesity, with distinct gut microbiota profiles observed among different obesity subtypes. Four bacterial species, including Ruminococcaceae UCG010, Butyricimonas, Pasteurellaceae and lactobacillus independently influence the development of various types of obesity. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may represent a novel approach in future obesity management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Uddandrao VVS, Brahma Naidu P, Chandrasekaran P, Saravanan G. Pathophysiology of obesity-related infertility and its prevention and treatment by potential phytotherapeutics. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:147-165. [PMID: 37963998 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease in which the accumulation of excess body fat has adverse health effects, as it can increase the risk of several problems, including infertility, in both men and women. Obesity and infertility have risen together in recent years. Against this background, the present review aims to highlight the impact of obesity on infertility and the underlying pathophysiology of obesity-related infertility (ORI) in men and women, and to provide readers with knowledge of current trends in the effective development of phytotherapeutics for its treatment. METHODS We thoroughly searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar to find all relevant papers on ORI and the therapeutic effects of phytotherapeutics on ORI in men and women. RESULTS The extensive search of the available literature revealed that obesity affects reproductive function through several complex mechanisms such as hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenism, increased body mass index, disruption of the hormonal milieu, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, alterations in epigenetics and dysbiosis. On the other hand, several studies reported that phytotherapeutics has a broad therapeutic spectrum of action by improving sex hormone homeostasis, ovarian dysfunction, menstrual cycle and inhibiting ovarian hyperplasia, as well as down-regulating ovarian apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and controlling metabolic dysfunction in obese women. Male infertility is also addressed by phytotherapeutics by suppressing lipogenesis, increasing testosterone, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD levels, improving sperm parameters and attenuating testicular dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and germ cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In the present review, we discussed the effects of obesity on reproductive dysfunction in men and women and the underlying pathophysiology of ORI. In addition, the therapeutic effect of phytotherapeutics against ORI was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Parim Brahma Naidu
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - P Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Saravanan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, 637215, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aggarwal H, Gautam J, Kumari D, Gupta SK, Bajpai S, Chaturvedi K, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Comparative profiling of gut microbiota and metabolome in diet-induced obese and insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119643. [PMID: 37996062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Diet-based models are commonly used to investigate obesity and related disorders. We conducted a comparative profiling of three obesogenic diets HFD, high fat diet; HFHF, high fat high fructose diet; and HFCD, high fat choline deficient diet to assess their impact on the gut microbiome and metabolome. After 20 weeks, we analyzed the gut microbiota and metabolomes of liver, plasma, cecal, and fecal samples. Fecal and plasma bile acids (BAs) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also examined. Significant changes were observed in fecal and cecal metabolites, with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes in the HFD, HFHF, and HFCD-fed mice compared to chow and LFD (low fat diet)-fed mice. Most BAs were reduced in plasma and fecal samples of obese groups, except taurocholic acid, which increased in HFCD mice's plasma. SCFAs like acetate and butyrate significantly decreased in obesogenic diet groups, while propionic acid specifically decreased in the HFCD group. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in amino acid, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleic acid biosynthesis pathways in obese mice. Surprisingly, even LFD-fed mice showed distinct changes in microbiome and metabolite profiles compared to the chow group. This study provides insights into gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolite alterations induced by obesogenic and LFD diets in various tissues. These findings aid in selecting suitable diet models to study the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in obesity and associated disorders, with potential implications for understanding similar pathologies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Bajpai
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kartikey Chaturvedi
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duan Y, Wang L, Ma Y, Ning L, Zhang X. A meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect of probiotic intervention in obese or overweight adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335810. [PMID: 38352715 PMCID: PMC10861773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Existing evidence on the possible effects of probiotics on obese or overweight adolescents has not been fully established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers and metabolic indices in obese or overweight adolescents. Methods The literature up to March 2023 related to probiotic intervention in obese or overweight adolescents was searched and screened from multiple databases, including the CNKI(China national knowledge infrastructure), CBM(Chinese biomedical literature database), PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane library databases. All randomized controlled trials using probiotic supplements in obese or overweight adolescents were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results A total of 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There were 201 cases in the experimental group (probiotic treatment) and 190 cases in the control group. Compared to the control group, probiotic intervention in adolescents resulted in a decrease in body mass index, fasting blood glucose and C-reactive protein with WMD(Weighted mean difference) and 95% CI of -2.53 (-4.8 to -0.26) kg/m2, -0.80 (-1.13 to -0.47) mol/L and -0.24 (-0.43 to -0.05) mg/L, respectively. No significant changes were found in weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and so on; however, an unfavorable elevated effect in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins was detected with WMD and 95% CI of 0.06 (0.02 to 0.09) mmol/L, 0.18 (0.14 to 0.21) mmol/L, and 0.19 (0.18 to 0.20) mmol/L, respectively. Conclusion According to our results, probiotic supplementation was beneficial in managing metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose, body mass index and inflammation-related C-reactive protein in overweight or obese adolescents. Further large scale studies are warranted to confirm present findings and to identify the effects and mechanisms to provide more precise evidence for clinical intervention. Systematic review registration doi: 10.37766/inplasy2024.1.0081, identifier INPLASY202410081.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lanping Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Case Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Verbunt J, Jocken J, Blaak E, Savelkoul P, Stassen F. Gut-bacteria derived membrane vesicles and host metabolic health: a narrative review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359515. [PMID: 38808455 PMCID: PMC11141482 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, consisting of an estimated 10^10-10^11 organisms, regulate physiological processes involved in digestion, metabolism, and immunity. Surprisingly, these intestinal microorganisms have been found to influence tissues that are not directly in contact with the gut, such as adipose tissue, the liver, skeletal muscle, and the brain. This interaction takes place even when intestinal barrier function is uncompromised. An increasing body of evidence suggests that bacterial membrane vesicles (bMVs), in addition to bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, are able to mediate effects of the microbiota on these host tissues. The ability of bMVs to dissipate from the intestinal lumen into systemic circulation hereby facilitates the transport and presentation of bacterial components and metabolites to host organs. Importantly, there are indications that the interaction between bMVs and tissues or immune cells may play a role in the etiology of (chronic metabolic) disease. For example, the gut-derived bMV-mediated induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells and pro-inflammatory signaling by adipocytes possibly underlies diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we review the current knowledge on bMVs in the microbiota's effects on host energy/substrate metabolism with a focus on etiological roles in the onset and progression of metabolic disease. We furthermore illustrate that vesicle production by bacterial microbiota could potentially be modulated through lifestyle intervention to improve host metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jari Verbunt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Infection Prevention, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moszak M, Pelczyńska M, Wesołek A, Stenclik D, Bogdański P. Does gut microbiota affect the success of weight loss? Evidence and speculation. Nutrition 2023; 116:112111. [PMID: 37562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic state of excessive fat accumulation in the body, characterized by significant relapse and complicated by a range of health consequences. In the treatment of obesity, a holistic approach including diet, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and psychological support is recommended. The implications of gut microbiota (GM) as a pathogenic factor in excess body weight have been discussed, and microbial-targeted therapies-including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-are considered adjuvant in obesity management. Many studies have focused on assessing the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in weight control, although with inconclusive results, mainly because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies (with different strains, doses, forms, interventional durations, and outcomes). It is also unclear whether using probiotics or synbiotics accompanied by weight loss dietary interventions or as a part of bariatric surgery will be more effective in obesity management, not only in the short-term but also for long-term weight loss maintenance. The aim of this study was to collect and compare the available scientific data on the effectiveness of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (as a single therapy versus as part of dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric therapy) on weight control in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Pelczyńska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Stenclik
- Student Scientific Club of Clinical Dietetics, Department of the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song J, Wu Y, Yin X, Ma H, Zhang J. Mendelian Randomisation Study on Association of Gut Microbiota and Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2023; 73:847-853. [PMID: 37316410 PMCID: PMC10658424 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have demonstrated the possible association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. The mechanism by which gut microbiota contribute to periodontitis remains unknown. METHODS A 2-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study was conducted using publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) data of European ancestry. The relationships between gut microbiota and tooth loss and periodontitis were assessed using summary-level data. Moreover, inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and simple Mendelian were used. The results were further validated using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 211 gut microbiota were studied, including 9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 35 families, and 131 genera. The IVW method identified 16 bacterial genera related to the risk of periodontitis and tooth loss. Lactobacillaceae was associated with an increased risk of periodontitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.91, P<.001) and tooth loss (OR, 1.12; 95% CIs, 1.02-1.24, P = .002), whereas Lachnospiraceae UCG008 was linked to a lower risk of tooth loss (P = .041). There was no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Several microorganisms were identified to be linked to the risk of periodontitis. Furthermore, the findings improved our understanding of gut microbiota and periodontitis pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to be increasing globally and is designated a disease with adverse consequences requiring early detection and appropriate care. In addition to being related to metabolic syndrome disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and premature coronary artery disease. Obesity is also etiologically linked to several cancers. The non-gastrointestinal cancers are breast, uterus, kidneys, ovaries, thyroid, meningioma, and thyroid. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and colorectal. The brighter side of the problem is that being overweight and obese and cigarette smoking are mostly preventable causes of cancers. Epidemiology and clinical studies have revealed that obesity is heterogeneous in clinical manifestations. In clinical practice, BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in square meters (kg/m2). A BMI above 30 kg/m2 (defining obesity in many guidelines) is considered obesity. However, obesity is heterogeneous. There are subdivisions for obesity, and not all obesities are equally pathogenic. Adipose tissue, in particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is endocrine and abdominal obesity (a surrogate for VAT) is evaluated by waist-hip measurements or just waist measures. Visceral Obesity, through several hormonal mechanisms, induces a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, insulin resistance, components of metabolic syndrome, and cancers. Metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW) individuals in several Asian countries may have BMI below normal levels to diagnose obesity but suffer from many obesity-related complications. Conversely, some people have high BMI but are generally healthy with no features of metabolic syndrome. Many clinicians advise weight loss by dieting and exercise to metabolically healthy obese with large body habitus than to individuals with metabolic obesity but normal BMI. The GI cancers (esophagus, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and colorectal) are individually discussed, emphasizing the incidence, possible pathogenesis, and preventive measures. From 2005 to 2014, most cancers associated with overweight and Obesity increased in the United States, while cancers related to other factors decreased. The standard recommendation is to offer or refer adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions. However, the clinicians have to go beyond. They should critically evaluate BMI with due consideration for ethnicity, body habitus, and other factors that influence the type of obesity and obesity-related risks. In 2001, the Surgeon General's ``Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity'' identified obesity as a critical public health priority for the United States. At government levels reducing obesity requires policy changes that improve the food and physical activity for all. However, implementing some policies with the most significant potential benefit to public health is politically tricky. The primary care physician, as well as subspecialists, should identify overweight and Obesity based on all the variable factors in the diagnosis. The medical community should address the prevention of overweight and Obesity as an essential part of medical care as much as vaccination in preventing infectious diseases at all levels- from childhood, to adolescence, and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zou
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 125 Andover DR, Kendall Park, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Capecomorin S Pitchumoni
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 125 Andover DR, Kendall Park, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin K, Dong C, Zhao B, Zhou B, Yang L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist regulates fat browning by altering the gut microbiota and ceramide metabolism. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e416. [PMID: 38020719 PMCID: PMC10661313 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that antidiabetic drugs can alter the gut microbiota. The hypoglycemic effects of the drugs can be attributed in part to certain species in the gut microbiome that help the drugs work more effectively. In addition, increasing energy expenditure via the induction of adipose tissue browning has become an appealing strategy to treat obesity and associated metabolic complications. Currently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment for metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has been widely studied. To determine the mechanism of a long-acting GLP-1 RA affects adipose tissue browning and the gut microbiome, we treated high-fat diet mice with GLP-1 RA and demonstrated that the drug can regulate adipose tissue browning. 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics assays suggested that it increased the abundance of bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri and decreased serum ceramide levels in mice. L. reuteri was negatively correlated with ceramide. We found that the mechanism of ceramide decline was alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2) overexpression. Moreover, L. reuteri can play a therapeutic synergistic role with GLP-1 RA, suggesting that gut microbiota can be used as a part of the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Binyan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ribeiro PVDM, Veloso TG, de Oliveira LL, Mendes NP, Alfenas RDCG. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet increased the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria in obese adults. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3085-3099. [PMID: 37807018 PMCID: PMC10689717 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics can alter the gastrointestinal environment, favoring the growth of health-promoting bacteria. Although yacon is a functional food, with prebiotic properties (fructooligosaccharides), its effects on the intestinal microbiota have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yacon flour consumption and energy-restricted diet in the intestinal microbiota in adults with excess body weight. Twenty-one adults with excess body weight were included in this randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical trial. Subjects daily consumed at breakfast a drink containing 25 g of yacon flour (n = 11) or not containing yacon (n = 10) and received the prescription of energy-restricted diets. Fecal samples were collected on the first and on last day of the study. 16S rRNA sequencing was assessed to evaluate the effect of yacon fermentation on intestinal microbiota bacterial composition. There was an increase in the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, and Streptococcus after the consumption of yacon and energy-restricted diet. In the yacon group, we also observed a positive correlation between the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids versus the genera Coprococcus and Howardella, besides a negative correlation between the concentrations of advanced glycation end products and early glycation products versus the genera Ruminococcus and Prevotella, respectively. Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet selectively changed the intestinal microbiota composition in adults with excess body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register number: RBR-6YH6BQ. Registered 23 January, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vaz de Melo Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Tomas Gomes Veloso
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Nélia Pinheiro Mendes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Islam MM, Islam MM, Rahman MA, Ripon MAR, Hossain MS. Gut microbiota in obesity and related complications: Unveiling the complex interplay. Life Sci 2023; 334:122211. [PMID: 38084672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity epidemic has escalated into a serious public health catastrophe that is only getting worse. However, research into the pathophysiological pathways behind the obesity development and the illnesses that it is associated with is ongoing. In the last decades, it is now clear that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the genesis and progression of obesity and obesity-related illnesses, particularly changes in its metabolites and composition as obesity progresses. Here, we provide a summary of the processes by which variations in gut metabolite levels and the composition of gut microbiota affect obesity and associated disorders. The bacteria residing in the gut release several chemicals that influence the appetite control, metabolism, and other systems. Since it can either encourage or restrict the deposition of fat in several different ways, the gut microbiota's role in obesity is debatable. Additionally, we go over potential therapeutic approaches that could be utilized to alter gut microbiota composition and focus on the important metabolic pathways associated with obesity and metabolic disorders linked to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Ripon
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
He E, Chang K, Dong L, Jia M, Sun W, Cui H. Identification and Validation of CXCL2 as a Key Gene for Childhood Obesity. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10566-8. [PMID: 38010448 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the key genes and their regulatory networks by bioinformatics, increasing understanding of childhood obesity. The data comes from the GEO and Immport database. The immune microenvironment was explored in GSE104815. Key genes were identified by intersection of DEGs with the immune gene set. Enrichment analysis revealed gene-related functions and correlation analysis explored the relationship. Regulatory networks were constructed based on miRcode, TarBase and TargetScan databases. GSE29718 was used to validate our findings. Intercellular communication and cell differentiation trends were further explored using single-cell data from GSE153643. Based on our research, the immune microenvironment in the obese group showed higher immune infiltration. We found 962 DEGs and CXCL2 was identified as the key gene. The co-regulatory network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA suggested that obtaining TM4SF19-AS1, GUSBP11, AC105020.1, LINC00189, COL4A2-AS2, VIPR1-AS1 and LINC00242 may regulate CXCL2 (r > 0.9 and P < 0.01). Differential expression of CXCL2 was validated in GSE29718 (P < 0.05) and CXCL2 was identified as a biomarker for childhood obesity (AUC = 0.885). GSVA enrichment analysis revealed many pathways of high group obtaining the TNF-α signaling via NF-κB pathway and interferon γ response pathway. In GSE153643, 11 cell types were identified and CXCL2 was highly expressed in monocyte, macrophage, endothelial cell and pericyte. In CXCL2 high expressing macrophages, there was a tendency for cells to polarize toward M1 macrophages (P < 0.05). In summary, we identified CXCL2 as a potential biomarker of childhood obesity. The development of childhood obesity may be associated with the activation of immune infiltration of macrophage M1 polarization by CXCL2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enyang He
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Liang Dong
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Jia
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Hualei Cui
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang B, Jadhav V, Odelade A, Chang E, Chang A, Harrison SH, Maldonado-Devincci AM, Graves JL, Han J. High fat diet reveals sex-specific fecal and liver metabolic alterations in C57BL/6J obese mice. Metabolomics 2023; 19:97. [PMID: 37999907 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that poses significant risks for many other diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Prevalence of these diseases varies by biological sex. This study utilizes a mouse (C57BL/6J) model of obesity to analyze liver and fecal metabolic profiles at various time points of dietary exposure: 5, 9, and 12 months in control or high fat diet (HFD)-exposed mice. Our study discovered that the female HFD group has a more discernable perturbation and set of significant changes in metabolic profiles than the male HFD group. In the female mice, HFD fecal metabolites including pyruvate, aspartate, and glutamate were lower than control diet-exposed mice after both 9th and 12th month exposure time points, while lactate and alanine were significantly downregulated only at the 12th month. Perturbations of liver metabolic profiles were observed in both male and female HFD groups, compared to controls at the 12th month. Overall, the female HFD group showed higher lactate and glutathione levels compared to controls, while the male HFD group showed higher levels of glutamine and taurine compared to controls. These metabolite-based findings in both fecal and liver samples for a diet-induced effect of obesity may help guide future pioneering discoveries relating to the analysis and prevention of obesity in people, especially for females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Vidya Jadhav
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Anuoluwapo Odelade
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Evelyn Chang
- Program in Liberal Medical Education, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Alex Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14852, USA
| | - Scott H Harrison
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Antoinette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, 27411, USA
| | - Joseph L Graves
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dassoff E, Shireen A, Wright A. Lipid emulsion structure, digestion behavior, physiology, and health: a scoping review and future directions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-33. [PMID: 37947287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2273448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Research investigating the effects of the food matrix on health is needed to untangle many unresolved questions in nutritional science. Emulsion structure plays a fundamental role in this inquiry; however, the effects of oil-in-water emulsion structure on broad metabolic, physiological, and health-related outcomes have not been comprehensively reviewed. This systematic scoping review targets this gap and examines methodological considerations for the field of relating food structure and health. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CAB Direct were searched from inception to December 2022, returning 3106 articles, 52 of which were eligible for inclusion. Many investigated emulsion lipid droplet size and/or gastric colloidal stability and their relation to postprandial weight-loss-related outcomes. The present review also identifies numerous novel relationships between emulsion structures and health-related outcomes. "Omics" endpoints present an exciting avenue for more comprehensive analysis in this area, yet interpretation remains difficult. Identifying valid surrogate biomarkers for long-term outcomes and disease risk will be a turning point for food structure research, leading to breakthroughs in the pace and utility of research that generates advancements in health. The review's findings and recommendations aim to support new hypotheses, future trial design, and evidence-based emulsion design for improved health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dassoff
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshia Shireen
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Wright
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|