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Webster J, Dalla Via J, Langley C, Smith C, Sale C, Sim M. Nutritional strategies to optimise musculoskeletal health for fall and fracture prevention: Looking beyond calcium, vitamin D and protein. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101684. [PMID: 38163013 PMCID: PMC10757289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Falls and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. A third of individuals aged 65 years and over fall at least once each year, with up to 20 % of these resulting in serious injury, including fracture. In conjunction with regular exercise, the importance of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly in the context of preventing falls and fractures. Whilst there is evidence for the benefits of these nutrients for musculoskeletal health, other aspects of the diet remain largely underexplored. For example, vegetables are rich sources of macro- and micronutrients that are essential for muscle function and bone health, which are key factors in the prevention of falls and fractures. Recent work has highlighted the importance of nutrients such as vegetable-derived nitrate and vitamin K1 in optimising muscle strength, physical function, and bone quality. In the context of dietary patterns, vegan/plant-based diets have recently gained popularity due to perceived health benefits, animal welfare, or to tackle climate change. The elimination and/or substitution of animal-based products for plant foods (without careful planning and/or expert dietary guidance) could, however, have long-term negative musculoskeletal consequences; a trend uncovered by recent evidence. Within the overarching theme of nutrition for fall and fracture prevention in older populations, the aim of this review is to (i) summarise the current evidence for calcium, vitamin D and protein; (ii) describe the importance of vegetables and selected nutrients, such as nitrate and vitamin K1, for muscle function and bone structural integrity; and (iii) highlight current evidence around different dietary patterns (e.g., plant-based, diet quality, data driven approaches) and their impact on musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Webster
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christina Langley
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig Sale
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Olszewska-Czyz I, Firkova E. A Case Control Study Evaluating the Relationship between Vitamin K2 Serum Level and Periodontitis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2937. [PMID: 37998429 PMCID: PMC10670967 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vitamin K2 (VK2) is an essential co-factor for bone metabolism. There is still very little data regarding possible VK2 relation to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate any potential link between VK2 serum level and the severity of periodontitis in comparison to a control group of healthy individuals. The trial was performed on 100 patients among whom 50 were diagnosed with periodontitis. The patients underwent full clinical periodontal and radiological examination. The VK2 serum level was assessed using the ELISA kit (Gla-type osteocalcin EIA Kit, Takara, Kusatsu). Patients with periodontitis had mean serum levels of VK2 significantly lower (0.27 ± 0.06 nmol/L; p < 0.001) than the control group (0.43 ± 0.09 nmol/L; p < 0.001) regardless of the patient's age or sex. The VK2 serum level decreased with the severity of periodontitis with the lowest level in stage IV of the disease (0.19 ± 0.01 nmol/L; p < 0.001). Also, a significant drop was noticed between the grades of periodontitis. Individuals with localized forms of the disease had significantly lower VK2 levels (0.26 ± 0.006 nmol/L; p < 0.001) in comparison to subjects with generalized periodontitis (0.30 ± 0.01 nmol/L; p < 0.001). The VK2 serum levels were also associated with most of the clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing (-0.805, 95% CI: -0.894 to -0.654, p < 0.001), attachment loss (-0.752, 95% CI: -0.862 to -0.574, p < 0.001), and bone loss (-0.656, 95% CI: -0.801 to -0.439, p < 0.001). In the present study, the VK2 serum level was correlated to periodontitis, and its severity, complexity, extension, and grade. The range of VK2 was decreasing together with the worsening of all clinical parameters of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Olszewska-Czyz
- Department of Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elena Firkova
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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3
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Chatake T, Yanagisawa Y, Murakami R, Ohsugi T, Sumi H, Takata T, Okuda A, Morishima K, Inoue R, Sugiyama M. Characterization of K-binding factor involved in water-soluble complex of menaquinone-7 produced by Bacillus subtilis natto. J Biochem 2023; 174:383-389. [PMID: 37419501 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin Ks are expected to contribute bone and cardiovascular health. Especially, menaquinone-7 has a higher bioavailability and a longer half-life than other vitamin Ks in the human body. However, their low water-solubility limits their application. On the other hand, Bacillus subtilis natto produces a water-soluble complex, which comprises menaquinone-7 and peptides. The peptide named K-binding factor (KBF) has been reported as the main component of the complex. In the present, the structural characteristics of KBF were studied. Mass spectrometry showed significant peaks at m/z = 1050, while the previous PAGE suggested that molecular weight of KBF was ~ 3k. Amino acid analysis revealed that the 1k peptides were the various combinations of nine amino acids, among which Asx, Glx, Val, Leu and Met were found to be the most abundant. The peptides could serve as detergent properties. The 1k peptides could be isolated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The bundle of three 1k detergent-like peptides would participate to the micelle structure containing menqauinone-7 inside. In conclusion, a basic unit of KBF would be the ~ 1k peptides, and the three basic unit assemble to the ~ 3k bundle, then the bundle form a water-soluble micelle including menqauinone-7 inside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Chatake
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yanagisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Cho-shi, Shiomi-cho 15-8, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Risa Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Cho-shi, Shiomi-cho 15-8, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tadanori Ohsugi
- Department of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki, Tsurajima-cho, Nishinoura, Okayama 712-8001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumi
- Department of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki, Tsurajima-cho, Nishinoura, Okayama 712-8001, Japan
| | - Takumi Takata
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
| | - Aya Okuda
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
| | - Ken Morishima
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugiyama
- Insititute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Asashironishi-2, Osaka 590-0484, Japan
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4
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Thom K, Patsch JM, Haufler F, Pees C, Albinni S, Weber M, Male C, Raimann A. Evaluation of bone mineral density and bone turnover in children on anticoagulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192670. [PMID: 37600706 PMCID: PMC10433196 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood and adolescence are critical periods of bone mineral acquisition. Children on anticoagulation (AC) might have an increased risk for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Risk factors for impaired bone accumulation include chronic diseases, immobility, and medication. Vitamin K (VK) deficiency reflected by undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels (ucOC) has been identified as a predictor of osteoporosis and fractures. Data on bone health in children under AC are sparse. Aims To evaluate BMD in children on AC and characterize the risk factors of low BMD, including VK and Vitamin D (VD) status. Methods Single-center cross-sectional study of clinical, biochemical, and densitometric parameters. Assessment of VK surrogate parameters included ucOC and matrix gla protein (MGP). Results A total of 39 children (4-18 years; 12 females) receiving AC were included, 31 (79%) on VK antagonists and 8 (21%) on direct oral anticoagulants. Overall, BMD was decreased for both the lumbar spine (LS; -0.7SDS) and total body less head (TBLH; -1.32SDS) compared with pediatric reference data. Significant associations were found between early pubertal development and TBLH-BMD, and between BMI and LS-BMD. VK surrogate parameters were highly related to patients' age and pubertal development. Neither serum parameters nor AC-related factors predicted BMD. VD was detected in 10/39 patients with lower values during puberty. Conclusion Our data indicate BMD reduction in pediatric patients on AC. Although AC-related factors did not predict reduced BMD, low BMI and pubertal stages represented important risk factors. Awareness of risk factors for low BMD and high prevalence of VD deficiency during puberty could contribute to the improvement of bone health in this vulnerable patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Haemostaseology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina Maria Patsch
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Haufler
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Pees
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Haemostaseology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sulaima Albinni
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Haemostaseology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Male
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Haemostaseology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adalbert Raimann
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Moore AE, Dulnoan D, Voong K, Ayis S, Mangelis A, Gorska R, Harrington DJ, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Hampson G. The additive effect of vitamin K supplementation and bisphosphonate on fracture risk in post-menopausal osteoporosis: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:83. [PMID: 37338608 PMCID: PMC10282078 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed whether vitamin K, given with oral bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D has an additive effect on fracture risk in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. No difference in bone density or bone turnover was observed although vitamin K1 supplementation led to a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry. PURPOSE Some clinical studies have suggested that vitamin K prevents bone loss and may improve fracture risk. The aim was to assess whether vitamin K supplementation has an additive effect on bone mineral density (BMD), hip geometry and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis (PMO) and sub-optimum vitamin K status receiving bisphosphonate, calcium and/or vitamin D treatment. METHODS We conducted a trial in 105 women aged 68.7[12.3] years with PMO and serum vitamin K1 ≤ 0.4 µg/L. They were randomised to 3 treatment arms; vitamin K1 (1 mg/day) arm, vitamin K2 arm (MK-4; 45 mg/day) or placebo for 18 months. They were on oral bisphosphonate and calcium and/or vitamin D. We measured BMD by DXA, hip geometry parameters using hip structural analysis (HSA) software and BTMs. Vitamin K1 or MK-4 supplementation was each compared to placebo. Intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses were performed. RESULTS Changes in BMD at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine and BTMs; CTX and P1NP did not differ significantly following either K1 or MK-4 supplementation compared to placebo. Following PP analysis and correction for covariates, there were significant differences in some of the HSA parameters at the intertrochanter (IT) and femoral shaft (FS): IT endocortical diameter (ED) (% change placebo:1.5 [4.1], K1 arm: -1.02 [5.07], p = 0.04), FS subperiosteal/outer diameter (OD) (placebo: 1.78 [5.3], K1 arm: 0.46 [2.23] p = 0.04), FS cross sectional area (CSA) (placebo:1.47 [4.09],K1 arm: -1.02[5.07], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The addition of vitamin K1 to oral bisphosphonate with calcium and/or vitamin D treatment in PMO has a modest effect on parameters of hip geometry. Further confirmatory studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT01232647.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kieran Voong
- Nutristasis Unit, Synnovis Analytics, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Salma Ayis
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Mangelis
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Renata Gorska
- Nutristasis Unit, Synnovis Analytics, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Depts of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Depts of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Geeta Hampson
- Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Metabolic Bone Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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6
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Nielsen CV, Folkestad L, Krøijer R, Hansen SG. The risk of osteoporosis is not increased after cholecystectomy. A nationwide cohort study. Bone 2023; 173:116782. [PMID: 37120083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Vind Nielsen
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lars Folkestad
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Krøijer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Stinus Gadegaard Hansen
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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7
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Vernia F, Burrelli Scotti G, Bertetti NS, Donato G, Necozione S, Vernia P, Pallotta N. Low Vitamin K and Vitamin D Dietary Intake in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071678. [PMID: 37049518 PMCID: PMC10096607 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inadequate dietary intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin K is an easily reversible factor favoring IBD-associated bone loss, but data on Vitamin K are lacking. A 28-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 193 IBD patients (89 Crohn’s disease and 104 ulcerative colitis), and 199 controls. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed in relation to recommended daily allowances. VitD intake was inadequate both in the IBD and control patients (8.3 ± 4.5 µg/day in IBD, 53.1% RDA, and 9.7 ± 5.9 µg/day, 63.2% RDA, respectively). Conversely, the mean ViK intake was less than adequate in IBD, at 116.7 ± 116.3 µg/day (78.7% RDA), and high in controls, at 203.1 ± 166.9 µg/day (138.8% RDA). Nonetheless, due to marked inter-individual differences, diets were severely lacking VitK in 40% of UC and 49% of CD patients, more so in females and those with active disease. The intake of Vit D was non-significantly lower in colitis than that in Crohn’s disease (7.9 vs. 8.7 µg/day). The opposite was observed for VitK (123.5 vs. 107.0 µg/day). Thus, the diet lacks the micronutrients involved in bone wellbeing in a large proportion of IBD patients. While VitD supplementation is the rule, VitK shortages need proactive nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vernia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-368760
| | - Giorgia Burrelli Scotti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Sara Bertetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Vernia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Moretti A, Liguori S, Paoletta M, Migliaccio S, Toro G, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G. Bone fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of macro- and micronutrients. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231158200. [PMID: 36937822 PMCID: PMC10015293 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility is the susceptibility to fracture due to poor bone strength. This condition is usually associated with aging, comorbidities, disability, poor quality of life, and increased mortality. International guidelines for the management of patients with bone fragility include a nutritional approach, mainly aiming at optimal protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes. Several biomechanical features of the skeleton, such as bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, seem to be positively influenced by micro- and macronutrient intake. Patients with major fragility fractures are usually poor consumers of dairy products, fruit, and vegetables as well as of nutrients modulating gut microbiota. The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated the health status of patients with skeletal fragility, also in terms of unhealthy dietary patterns that might adversely affect bone health. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of macro- and micronutrients in patients with bone fragility during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health
Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Physical and Mental Health and
Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples,
Italy
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9
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Sim M, Strydom A, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno NP, McCormick R, Lim WH, Zhu K, Byrnes E, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR, Prince RL. Dietary Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower long-term fracture-related hospitalization risk: the Perth longitudinal study of ageing women. Food Funct 2022; 13:10642-10650. [PMID: 36169025 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between dietary Vitamin K1 intake with fracture-related hospitalizations over 14.5 years in community-dwelling older Australian women (n = 1373, ≥70 years). Dietary Vitamin K1 intake at baseline (1998) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a new Australian Vitamin K nutrient database, which was supplemented with published data. Over 14.5 years, any fracture (n = 404, 28.3%) and hip fracture (n = 153, 10.7%) related hospitalizations were captured using linked health data. Plasma Vitamin D status (25OHD) and the ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to total osteocalcin (tOC) from serum was assessed at baseline. Estimates of dietary Vitamin K1 intake were supported by a significant inverse association with ucOC : tOC; a marker of Vitamin K status (r = -0.12, p < 0.001). Compared to women with the lowest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 1, <61 μg d-1), women with the highest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 4, ≥99 μg d-1) had lower hazards for any fracture- (HR 0.69 95%CI 0.52-0.91, p < 0.001) and hip fracture-related hospitalization (HR 0.51 95%CI 0.32-0.79, p < 0.001), independent of 25OHD levels, as part of multivariable-adjusted analysis. Spline analysis suggested a nadir in the relative hazard for any fracture-related hospitalizations at a Vitamin K1 intake of approximately 100 μg day-1. For hip fractures, a similar relationship was apparent. Higher dietary Vitamin K1 is associated with lower long-term risk for any fracture- and hip fracture-related hospitalizations in community-dwelling older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andre Strydom
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel McCormick
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Wai H Lim
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Byrnes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin University, School of Public Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Wianowska D, Bryshten I. New Insights into Vitamin K-From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Quantitative Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36083712 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2121599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is one of the many health-promoting substances whose impact on the human body has been underestimated until recently. However, recently published research results have changed this situation, prompting some researchers to consider it a new panacea for diseases of old age. The result is a significant increase in interest in the accurate analysis of vitamin K in various types of samples, ranging from food, through dietary supplements, to biological matrices and clinical trials, both observational and interventional. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the proven and speculated biological activity of vitamin K and its importance for the world's aging societies, including the methods used for its isolation and analysis in various matrices types. Of all the analytical methods, the currently preferred methods of choice for the direct analysis of vitamin K are chromatographic methods, in particular liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This technique, despite its sensitivity and selectivity, requires an appropriate stage of sample preparation. As there is still room for improvement in the efficiency of these methods, especially at the sample preparation stage, this review shows the directions that need to be taken to make these methods faster, more efficient and more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iryna Bryshten
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Yang N, Zhao Y, Bai Z, Chen H, Ning H, Zou M, Cheng G. The association of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin and the risk of fractures for patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2022; 78:298-310. [PMID: 36063197 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fracture risks of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain controversial. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Clinical Trials.gov databases for RCTs, and cohort studies were systematically searched from inception to 10 June 2021. RESULTS Twelve-two studies met the inclusion criteria and 477,821 patients were included. Warfarin increased the risk of fracture in AF patients compared with NOACs in overall any fracture (RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.70-10.88; p = 0.00), osteoporotic fracture (RR = 0.746; 95% CI = 0.630-0.883; p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the hip or pelvic fracture, vertebral fracture, extremity fracture, wrist fracture, femoral neck fracture, and ankle fracture. In subgroup analyses based on several aspects, NOACs were associated with a significant reduction in any fracture (standard dosage NOACs, cohort studies, elderly patients, rivaroxaban in RCTs, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban in cohort studies), in the hip/pelvic fracture (follow-up time ≤1 year, cohort studies), and osteoporotic fracture (cohort studies). CONCLUSION NOACs were associated with a significantly lower risk of any fracture and osteoporotic fracture compared to warfarin. This benefit was also observed in specific NOACs types of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. However, whether NOACs had a less fracture risk than warfarin on the other risk of fractures was still uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaohui Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haokun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoyu Ning
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Pharmaceutical College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Pharmaceutical College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Regulatory Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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12
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Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and lead (0.025–0.222 mg/kg fw), with most meeting international regulations for edible seaweeds. The amount of total As, however, was high, ranging from 1.020 to 20.525 mg/kg fw. Especially in the case of Sargassum seaweed, the fraction of inorganic As, including arsenate (As [V]) and arsenate (As [III]), which have potent toxicity, ranged from 5.198 to 16.867 mg/kg fw, while other seaweeds, such as Pyropia sp., Enteromorpha sp., Undaria sp., and Saccharina sp., predominantly contained a non-toxic organic As (i.d. arsenosugars). Multivariate analysis revealed that the Sargassum genus group had high levels of inorganic As. Sargassum seaweeds had a high fraction of inorganic As, but most of them are considered inedible seaweeds. Of these, Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) is widely recognized as an edible seaweed, but the average daily intake is quite low based on statistical data from Asian countries and S. fusiforme is considered a safe food when eaten at the recommended daily intake.
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13
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Estimation of Vitamin K Content and Its Sources in the Diet of the Polish Participants of the PURE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091917. [PMID: 35565883 PMCID: PMC9105333 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the content of K1, K2 (MK-n) as well as total K vitamins and their sources in the diets of 1985 PURE Poland study participants based on the FFQ questionnaire. Due to the pleiotropic effect of K vitamins, it is important to know their food sources depending on different eating habits. Total vitamin K in the diets amounted to 331.1 ± 151.5 µg/d and 358.6 ± 181.0 µg/d for men and women, respectively. Dietary patterns (DPs) were identified in the study group, and the relationship between them and vitamin K intake was assessed. The proportion of dominant products as sources of vitamin K in the fourth quartile of each of the three identified DPs did not change significantly compared to the proportion of these products as sources of vitamin K in all subjects. In the fourth quartile of individual DPs, vitamin K1 came mainly from vegetables (56.5-76.8%); K2 mainly from processed meat and high-fat cheese and cream (70.1-77.6%); and total K mainly from vegetables and processed meat (57.6-67.8%). Intakes of K vitamins were high and similar in terms of predominant vitamin K provider products, in groups of subjects whose diets were most consistent with the particular DP. In the absence of global findings on the most appropriate dietary content of MK-n vitamins other than phylloquinone, the estimated high content of these vitamins in the diets of the subjects compared with other nations suggests that their level in diets was satisfactory. Future studies should aim to determine the need for MK-n vitamins in terms of fulfilling all their functions in the body.
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14
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The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030523. [PMID: 35276879 PMCID: PMC8839902 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures. This silent disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to an aging population and longer life expectancy. It is known that nutrition and physical activity play an important role in skeletal health, both in achieving the highest BMD and in maintaining bone health. In this review, the role of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals—calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, as well as vitamins—D, C, K) and flavonoid polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringin) which appear to be essential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, are characterized. Moreover, the importance of various naturally available nutrients, whether in the diet or in food supplements, is emphasized. In addition to pharmacotherapy, the basis of osteoporosis prevention is a healthy diet rich mainly in fruits, vegetables, seafood and fish oil supplements, specific dairy products, containing a sufficient amount of all aforementioned nutritional substances along with regular physical activity. The effect of diet alone in this context may depend on an individual’s genotype, gene-diet interactions or the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
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15
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Stępień A, Koziarska-Rościszewska M, Rysz J, Stępień M. Biological Role of Vitamin K-With Particular Emphasis on Cardiovascular and Renal Aspects. Nutrients 2022; 14:262. [PMID: 35057443 PMCID: PMC8780346 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) plays many important functions in the body. The most important of them include the contribution in calcium homeostasis and anticoagulation. Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the most important mechanisms of renal pathology. The most potent inhibitor of this process-matrix Gla protein (MGP) is VK-dependent. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, both non-dialysed and hemodialysed, often have VK deficiency. Elevated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) levels indirectly reflected VK deficiency and are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in these patients. It has been suggested that VK intake may reduce the VC and related cardiovascular risk. Vitamin K intake has been suggested to reduce VC and the associated cardiovascular risk. The role and possibility of VK supplementation as well as the impact of anticoagulation therapy on VK deficiency in CKD patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stępień
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromski St. 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromski St. 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromski St. 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-R.); (J.R.)
| | - Mariusz Stępień
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Social Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromski St. 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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16
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Oberto L, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Tartara A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid. Nutrients 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 35010952 PMCID: PMC8746518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a nutritionally modulated tissue. Given this background, aim of this review is to evaluate the latest data regarding ideal dietary approach in order to reduce bone mineral density loss and to construct a food pyramid that allows osteopenia/osteoporosis patients to easily figure out what to eat. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions of whole grains), together with fruits and vegetables (5 portions; orange-colored fruits and vegetables and green leafy vegetables are to be preferred), light yogurt (125 mL), skim milk (200 mL,) extra virgin olive oil (almost 20 mg/day), and calcium water (almost 1 l/day); weekly portions should include fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), legumes (2 portions), eggs (2 portions), cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green means that osteopenia/osteoporosis subjects need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, calcium, vitamin D, boron, omega 3, and isoflavones supplementation could be an effective strategy with a great benefit/cost ratio), and one red means that there are some foods that are banned (salt, sugar, inorganic phosphate additives). Finally, three to four times per week of 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Letizia Oberto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
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Galchenko A, Gapparova K, Sidorova E. The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:845-861. [PMID: 34723727 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are so many literatures about vegetarians being less prone to chronic, noninfectious diseases, which are, however, the main cause of the decline in quality of life and mortality in developed countries.However, according to various scientific sources, vegetarian and especially vegan diets often contain less saturated fats, protein, calcium, vitamins D and B12, or long-chain ω-3 PUFAs. One of the most common pathology associated with a predominantly plant diet is osteopenia and osteoporosis. An analysis of 13 studies has shown that vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of reducing of bone mineral density, thereby increasing the incidence of fractures.At the same time, plant-based diets are usually richer in many other micronutrients important for bone health: vitamins C and K, carotenoids, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, or silicon. Moreover, with the deepening of our knowledge about the role of nutrients in the body and the features of the nutritional status of the population, the quality of vegetarian and vegan diets also increases. They are less and less prone to micronutrient deficiencies. Recent studies show that BMD, as well as the risk of osteoporotic fractures, at least in vegetarians, equaled these indicators in omnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Galchenko
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K Gapparova
- Department of preventive diet therapy, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Sidorova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Kuwabara A, Uenishi K, Tanaka K. Vitamin K intake and health, consideration from the epidemiological studies. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:111-121. [PMID: 34616102 PMCID: PMC8482381 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most fundamental function of vitamin K is to activate the blood coagulation factors in the liver. Despite the recent recognition of its extra-hepatic actions, the current Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin K is based on the amount necessary for maintaining the normal blood coagulation in many countries. To define the Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin K, appropriate biomarkers well-reflecting the vitamin K status are essential. Unfortunately, however, no markers are currently available with properties enabling us to properly define the vitamin K status; i.g., no interference by other factors and the presence of widely approved cut-off values. Thus, Adequate Intake is determined, which is an index based on the representative dietary intake data from healthy individuals. Recently, epidemiological studies have been reported regarding the relationship between vitamin K and noncommunicable diseases including osteoporotic fracture. Furthermore, studies focusing on the relationship between vitamin K intake and metabolic syndrome, physical function, depression, cognition, and all-cause mortality have become available, although limited in number. This review summarizes the recent findings in favor of the novel functions of vitamin K. More epidemiological studies are needed to define the appropriate vitamin K intake value based on the prevention of various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kuwabara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino city, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Division of Nutritional Physiology, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado city, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Ikawadanicho-Arise, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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Rizzoli R, Biver E, Brennan-Speranza TC. Nutritional intake and bone health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:606-621. [PMID: 34242583 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic or fragility fractures affect one in two women and one in five men who are older than 50. These events are associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and an impaired quality of life. Recommended general measures for fragility fracture prevention include a balanced diet with an optimal protein and calcium intake and vitamin D sufficiency, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise. In this narrative Review, we discuss the role of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in maintaining bone health. Much of this information comes from observational studies. Bone mineral density, microstructure-estimated bone strength, and trabecular and cortical microstructure are positively associated with total protein intake. Several studies indicate that fracture risk might be lower with a higher dietary protein intake, provided that the calcium supply is sufficient. Dairy products are a valuable source of these two nutrients. Hip fracture risk appears to be lower in consumers of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products. Consuming less than five servings per day of fruit and vegetables is associated with a higher hip fracture risk. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet or to a prudent diet is associated with a lower fracture risk. These various nutrients and dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition or function, or both. The conclusions of this Review emphasise the importance of a balanced diet including minerals, protein, and fruit and vegetables for bone health and in the prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179328. [PMID: 34502245 PMCID: PMC8430550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K and Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are best known for their pivotal role in blood coagulation. Of the 14 VKPDs identified in humans to date, 6 play also important roles in skeletal biology and disease. Thus, osteocalcin, also termed bone Gla-protein, is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. Matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP on the other hand are highly abundant in cartilage. Furthermore, periostin, protein S, and growth arrest specific 6 protein (GAS 6) are expressed in skeletal tissues. The roles for these VKDPs are diverse but include the control of calcification and turnover of bone and cartilage. Vitamin K plays an important role in osteoporosis and serum osteocalcin levels are recognized as a promising marker for osteoporosis. On the other hand, matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP are associated with osteoarthritis. This review focuses on the roles of these three VKDPs, osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP, in skeletal development and disease but will also summarize the roles the other skeletal VKDPs (periostin, protein S and GAS6) in skeletal biology.
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21
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Grzejszczak P, Kurnatowska I. Role of Vitamin K in CKD: Is Its Supplementation Advisable in CKD Patients? Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:523-530. [PMID: 34247173 DOI: 10.1159/000516611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with CKD are at an increased risk of developing vascular calcification (VC) and bone complications which translate into a higher morbidity and mortality. The dephosphorylated and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) is considered to be an indicator of vitamin K2 status and correlates with markers of VC. It is activated by γ-glutamyl carboxylase that converts inactive MGP into an active form, and vitamin K2 is a cofactor of this reaction. The active form of MGP is a known inhibitor of arterial wall calcification and plays an important role in bone turnover. Recent studies show poor vitamin K2 status in CKD patients. We aimed to review the literature for the association between vitamin K2 status and calcification and bone disease risk and the efficacy of vitamin K2 supplementation in CKD population. SUMMARY Most CKD patients, including those on renal replacement therapy, have vitamin K2 deficiency. The dp-ucMGP level, a marker of vitamin K2 status, is decreased by vitamin K2 supplementation in CKD patients, but there is no unequivocal proof that it influences arterial calcification progression and bone complications. Key Messages: CKD population are at risk of vitamin K deficiency. Supplementation of vitamin K2 is safe and improves the serum markers of its deficiency. There is lack of strong evidence that vitamin K2 supplementation slows progression of calcification or reduces the frequency of bone complications. More prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Grzejszczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Transplantation, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ilona Kurnatowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Transplantation, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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22
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The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040566. [PMID: 33917442 PMCID: PMC8067486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.
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Berry TM, Moustafa AA. Osteoporosis and the effect of dysregulation of the transsulfuration pathway via taurine on intracellular calcium homeostasis, vitamin D absorption and vitamin K absorption. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:191-196. [PMID: 34024513 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In this article we connect the dysregulation of the transsulfuration pathway to bone dysregulations and propose a novel treatment for osteoporosis. Current treatments for osteoporosis are very frequently inadequate. In osteoporosis, the risk of fractures increases with increased homocysteine (Hcy). METHODS Here, we conduct a review on the relationship between osteoporosis and the dysregulation of the transsulfuration pathway. RESULTS we show that the transsulfuration pathway metabolizes Hcy to L-cysteine. Increased Hcy levels point to the transsulfuration pathway being dysregulated. With the transsulfuration pathway dysregulated, there will be decreased levels of L-cysteine and decreased levels of taurine, which is synthesized from L-cysteine. Taurine levels are decreased in patients with osteoporosis. Taurine regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. Taurine, also, when conjugated with bile acids assists with absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin K. Dysregulated calcium homeostasis, decreased calcium absorption and decreased absorption of vitamin D and vitamin K due to low levels of taurine negatively affect bone mineral density (BMD) leading to osteoporosis and fractures. CONCLUSIONS In this article, we propose that a combination of taurine, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K, could increase BMD reducing number of years spent in disability and reducing deaths due to fractures in patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Berry
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Mangano KM, Noel SE, Lai CQ, Christensen JJ, Ordovas JM, Dawson-Hughes B, Tucker KL, Parnell LD. Diet-derived fruit and vegetable metabolites show sex-specific inverse relationships to osteoporosis status. Bone 2021; 144:115780. [PMID: 33278656 PMCID: PMC7856195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of nutrition on the metabolic profile of osteoporosis (OS) is unknown. OBJECTIVE Identify biochemical factors driving the association of fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes with OS prevalence using an untargeted metabolomics approach. DESIGN Cross-sectional dietary, anthropometric and plasma metabolite data were examined from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study, n = 600 (46-79 yr). METHODS Bone mineral density was assessed by DXA. OS was defined by clinical standards. A culturally adapted FFQ assessed usual dietary intake. Principal components analysis (PCA) of 42 FV items created 6 factors. Metabolomic profiles derived from plasma samples were assessed on a commercial platform. Differences in levels of 525 plasma metabolites between disease groups (OS vs no-OS) were compared using logistic regression; and associations with FV intakes by multivariable linear regression, adjusted for covariates. Metabolites significantly associated with OS status or with total FV intake were analyzed for enrichment in various biological pathways using Mbrole 2.0, MetaboAnalyst, and Reactome, using FDR correction of P-values. Correlation coefficients were calculated as Spearman's rho rank correlations, followed by hierarchical clustering of the resulting correlation coefficients using PCA FV factors and sex-specific sets of OS-associated metabolites. RESULTS High FV intake was inversely related to OS prevalence (Odds Ratio = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.94; P = 0.01). Several biological processes affiliated with the FV-associating metabolites, including caffeine metabolism, carnitines and fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. Important processes identified with OS-associated metabolites were steroid hormone biosynthesis in women and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in men. Factors derived from PCA were correlated with the OS-associated metabolites, with high intake of dark leafy greens and berries/melons appearing protective in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS These data warrant investigation into whether increasing intakes of dark leafy greens, berries and melons causally affect bone turnover and BMD among middle-aged and older adults at risk for osteoporosis via sex-specific metabolic pathways, and how gene-diet interactions alter these sex-specific metabolomic-osteoporosis links. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01231958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA.
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, 02111 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, 02111 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, 01854 Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures-A Narrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030223. [PMID: 33804459 PMCID: PMC7999420 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in literature. Among different risk factors, a prolonged lack of vitamin D (25(OH)D) can lead to stress fractures in athletes since 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with an increased incidence of a fracture. A 25(OH)D value of <75.8 nmol/L is a risk factor for a stress fracture. 25(OH)D deficiency is, however, only one of several potential risk factors. Well-documented risk factors for a stress fracture include female sex, white ethnicity, older age, taller stature, lower aerobic fitness, prior physical inactivity, greater amounts of current physical training, thinner bones, 25(OH)D deficiency, iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances, and inadequate intake of 25(OH)D and/or calcium. Stress fractures are not uncommon in athletes and affect around 20% of all competitors. Most athletes with a stress fracture are under 25 years of age. Stress fractures can affect every sporty person, from weekend athletes to top athletes. Stress fractures are common in certain sports disciplines such as basketball, baseball, athletics, rowing, soccer, aerobics, and classical ballet. The lower extremity is increasingly affected for stress fractures with the locations of the tibia, metatarsalia and pelvis. Regarding prevention and therapy, 25(OH)D seems to play an important role. Athletes should have an evaluation of 25(OH)D -dependent calcium homeostasis based on laboratory tests of 25-OH-D3, calcium, creatinine, and parathyroid hormone. In case of a deficiency of 25(OH)D, normal blood levels of ≥30 ng/mL may be restored by optimizing the athlete’s lifestyle and, if appropriate, an oral substitution of 25(OH)D. Very recent studies suggested that the prevalence of stress fractures decreased when athletes are supplemented daily with 800 IU 25(OH)D and 2000 mg calcium. Recommendations of daily 25(OH)D intake may go up to 2000 IU of 25(OH)D per day.
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Dietary calcium and vitamin K are associated with osteoporotic fracture risk in middle-aged and elderly Japanese women, but not men: the Murakami Cohort Study. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:319-328. [PMID: 32378495 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K are nutritional factors associated with osteoporosis, little is known about their effects on incident osteoporotic fractures in East Asian populations. This study aimed to determine whether intakes of these nutrients predict incident osteoporotic fractures. We adopted a cohort study design with a 5-year follow-up. Subjects were 12 794 community-dwelling individuals (6301 men and 6493 women) aged 40-74 years. Dietary intakes of Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K were assessed with a validated FFQ. Covariates were demographic and lifestyle factors. All incident cases of major osteoporotic limb fractures, including those of the distal forearm, neck of humerus, neck or trochanter of femur and lumbar or thoracic spine were collected. Hazard ratios (HR) for energy-adjusted Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K were calculated with the residual method. Mean age was 58·8 (sd 9·3) years. Lower energy-adjusted intakes of Ca and vitamin K in women were associated with higher adjusted HR of total fractures (Pfor trend = 0·005 and 0·08, respectively). When vertebral fracture was the outcome, Pfor trend values for Ca and vitamin K were 0·03 and 0·006, respectively, and HR of the lowest and highest (reference) intake groups were 2·03 (95 % CI 1·08, 3·82) and 2·26 (95 % CI 1·19, 4·26), respectively. In men, there were null associations between incident fractures and each of the three nutrient intakes. Lower intakes of dietary Ca and vitamin K were independent lifestyle-related risk factors for osteoporotic fracture in women but not men. These associations were robust for vertebral fractures, but not for limb fractures.
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Weikert C, Trefflich I, Menzel J, Obeid R, Longree A, Dierkes J, Meyer K, Herter-Aeberli I, Mai K, Stangl GI, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Lampen A, Abraham K. Vitamin and Mineral Status in a Vegan Diet. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 117:575-582. [PMID: 33161940 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, public interest in a vegan diet is steadily growing. There are, however, no current data on the macro- and micronutrient status of vegans. METHODS In a cross-sectional study entitled "The Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD), we investigated the dietary intake, basic laboratory parameters, vitamin status, and trace-element status of 36 vegans and 36 persons on an omnivorous diet. Each group consisted of 18 men and 18 women aged 30-60. RESULTS Nearly all the vegans and one-third of the persons on a mixed diet had consumed supplements in the previous 4 weeks. Vegans and nonvegans had similar energy intake but differed in the intake of both macronutrients (e.g., dietary fiber) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins B12, B2, D, E, and K, as well as folate, iodine, and iron). There were no intergroup differences in the biomarkers of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or iron status. The ferritin values and blood counts indicated iron deficiency in four vegans and three non-vegans. Measurements in 24-hour urine samples revealed lower calcium excretion and markedly lower iodine excretion in vegans compared to non-vegans; in one-third of the vegans, iodine excretion was lower than the WHO threshold value (<20 μg/L) for severe iodine deficiency. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 status was similarly good in vegans and non-vegans, even though the vegans consumed very little dietary B12. This may be due to the high rate of supplementation. The findings imply a need to also assure adequate iodine intake in the population, especially among persons on a vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEVITAL AS, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin site, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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Gungorer B. Risk factors associated with warfarin overdose and complications related to warfarin overdose in the emergency department. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1732-1738. [PMID: 33494629 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1868493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors of bleeding and mortality in patients with warfarin overdose (WOD). Totally, 783 patients were included, of which, 272 patients (34.7%) with an INR below 5,364 patients (46.5%) with an INR between 5-10, and 147 patients (18.8%) with an INR of 10 or above. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the patients were obtained from the Real Life Data Provision Center and Hospital Information Management System. Admittance in autumn (OR = 1.75; p = 0.012), INR = 5-10 (OR = 2.65; p < 0.001), INR ≥ 10 (OR = 9.06; p < 0.001), and antiplatelet use alongside warfarin (OR = 1.93; p < 0.001) were found to be independent risk factors for bleeding in this study. The age (OR= 1.03; p = 0.005), bleeding (OR = 1.69; p = 0.020), primary hypertension (OR = 1.72; p = 0.031), and INR ≥ 10 (OR = 2.02; p = 0.025) were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. The cutoff value for INR in predicting bleeding was found to be >6.35 with 74.2% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. The significant risk factors were determined in WOD development. INR level, autumn, and antiplatelet use were independently associated with bleeding due to WOD. In addition, bleeding, hypertension and INR levels were independently related to in-hospital-mortality due to WOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Gungorer
- Ministry of Health, Ankara City Hospital, Üniversiteler, Ankara, Turkey
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Kianian F, Marefati N, Boskabady M, Ghasemi SZ, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological Properties of Allium cepa, Preclinical and Clinical Evidences; A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:107-134. [PMID: 34567150 PMCID: PMC8457748 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112781.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Onion or Allium cepa (A. cepa) is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world. This plant has various therapeutic effects attributed to its constituents, such as quercetin, thiosulphinates and phenolic acids. In the present article, various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Different online databases using keywords such as onion, A. cepa, therapeutic effects, and pharmacological effects until the end of December 2019 were searched for this purpose. Onion has been suggested to be effective in treating a broad range of disorders, including asthma, inflammatory disorders, dysentery, wounds, scars, keloids and pain. In addition, different studies have demonstrated that onion possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet properties as well as the effect on bone, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, respiratory, and urogenital systems effects such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, neuro-protective, anti-asthmatic and diuretic effects. The present review provides detailed the various pharmacological properties of onion and its constituents and possible underlying mechanisms. The results of multiple studies suggested the therapeutic effect of onion on a wide range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Ghasemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ozaki D, Kubota R, Maeno T, Abdelhakim M, Hitosugi N. Association between gut microbiota, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in postmenopausal Japanese women. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:145-156. [PMID: 33241467 PMCID: PMC7755620 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the relationship between gut microbiota composition and osteoporosis/fracture risk in Japanese postmenopausal women using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, FRAX, bone mineral density, biochemical bone parameters, and a self-administered questionnaire. Variation in abundance of specific microbiota was found to be significantly associated with fracture risk and vitamin K levels. Gut microbiota data with respect to bone metabolism and fracture risk is limited. Vitamin K is produced by certain intestinal bacteria and has been reported to play a role in maintaining bone quality. PURPOSE We investigated relationships among gut microbiota composition, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in 38 postmenopausal women (mean age 62.9 years) using forearm dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We collected and analyzed serum bone turnover markers (vitamin K fraction and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; TRACP-5b), gut microbiota profiling (16S rRNA gene sequencing), and self-administered questionnaire data, including fracture history and vitamin K intake. Vitamin K2, BMD, and TRACP-5b data were divided into high- and low-level groups using cutoff values of 0.06 ng/mL, 87.05%, and 420 mU/dL, respectively; the proportions of bacteria were analyzed. Fracture incidence and relative risk were investigated for each bacterium. RESULTS The genus Bacteroides was predominant in the high vitamin K2 group (29.73% vs 21.58%, P = 0.022). Fracture incidence was significantly higher in the low Bacteroides group, with a 5.6-times higher risk ratio of fracture history. The family Rikenellaceae was more abundant in the low BMD group and more abundant in the high TRACP-5b group (2.15% vs 0.82%, P = 0.004; 2.38% vs 1.12%, P = 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSION Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae may be involved in bone metabolism and fracture risk. Further investigations of the underlying microbiota-related pathways in bone metabolism may reveal treatment strategies, and facilitate the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ozaki
- Musashiurawa Orthopedics and Internal Medicine Clinic, Musashiurawa Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - R Kubota
- Musashiurawa Orthopedics and Internal Medicine Clinic, Musashiurawa Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Maeno
- Musashi Pharmacy, Musashiurawa Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Abdelhakim
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hitosugi
- Muse Dermatology & Pain Clinic, Musashiurawa Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Moore AE, Kim E, Dulnoan D, Dolan AL, Voong K, Ahmad I, Gorska R, Harrington DJ, Hampson G. Serum vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) is associated with fracture risk and hip strength in post-menopausal osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study. Bone 2020; 141:115630. [PMID: 32919111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin K may play a potential role in bone metabolism, although further evidence is needed. The mechanisms behind its skeletal effects and optimum intake for maintaining bone health remain poorly defined. To elucidate these two issues, we investigated the association between circulating vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) concentrations with fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD), hip geometry and plasma dephospho-uncarboxylated-Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP), an extra-hepatic vitamin K dependent protein (VKDP), in post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO). METHODS We studied 374 women aged (mean [SD]) 68.7[12.3] years with PMO. Information including demographics, lifestyle habits and previous fractures was captured through a questionnaire. Serum was analysed for vitamin K1. BMD at the lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) (n = 277) and hip structural analysis (HSA) parameters (n = 263) were derived from DXA scans. VKDPs including undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) and dp-ucMGP were measured in a sub-group (n = 130). RESULTS Serum vitamin K1 was significantly lower in the group with fractures (prevalent fractures: 0.53 [0.41], no fractures; 0.65 [0.66] μg/L, p = 0.04) and independently associated with fracture risk. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) per μg/L increase in vitamin K1 was 0.550 (0.310-0.978, p = 0.042). Among the HSA parameters, serum vitamin K1 was positively associated with cross-sectional area (CSA) (p = 0.02), cross sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) (p = 0.028) and section modulus (Z) (p = 0.02) at the narrow neck (NN) of femur. Dp-ucMGP was detectable in 97 (75%) participants with serum vitamin K1 of 0.26 [0.15] μg/L, whilst PIVKA-II was above the clinical threshold in only 3.8%. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the positive effect of vitamin K on fracture risk may be related to its effects on bone strength. Higher concentrations of serum vitamin K1 may be required for vitamin K's skeletal effects compared to coagulation. Further prospective or interventional studies are needed for confirmation and should include measures of bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - EunJi Kim
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Metabolic Bone Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - A Louise Dolan
- Department of Rheumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
| | - Kieran Voong
- Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Renata Gorska
- Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Geeta Hampson
- Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Metabolic Bone Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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Chuang TL, Lin CH, Wang YF. Effects of vegetarian diet on bone mineral density. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:128-134. [PMID: 33912409 PMCID: PMC8059457 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_84_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors, such as hormonal changes in postmenopausal women, natural aging degeneration, race, gender, body size, lifestyle, physical activity, sunlight, dietary intake, medications, or other environmental issues, can affect the rate of bone formation or reabsorption, cause changes in bone mineral content, and influence the development of osteoporosis. Do vegetarian diets adversely affect bone mineral density (BMD)? Among postmenopausal Buddhists, long-term practitioners of vegan vegetarian were found to have a higher risk exceeding the lumbar fracture threshold and a lower level of hip BMD after controlling for other variables. However, results of several prospective longitudinal studies failed to show a harmful effect of vegetarianism on bone health. In the Taiwanese adult population, researchers also did not find that a vegetarian diet significantly affects age-related BMD decline. Due to the various levels of nutrients in the diet (such as protein, alkali, calcium, Vitamin K, and phytoestrogens) and major lifestyle factors (such as smoking and physical exercise), determining the impact of a vegetarian diet on bone health is very complex. Good-quality vegetarian food can provide a healthy foundation for building and maintaining healthy bones and preventing fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Ling Chuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of Preventive Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Schröder M, Riksen EA, He J, Skallerud BH, Møller ME, Lian AM, Syversen U, Reseland JE. Vitamin K2 Modulates Vitamin D-Induced Mechanical Properties of Human 3D Bone Spheroids In Vitro. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10394. [PMID: 32995695 PMCID: PMC7507351 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational culture promotes primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) to form three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids with bone tissue-like structure without any scaffolding material. Cell-based bone models enable us to investigate the effect of different agents on the mechanical strength of bone. Given that low dietary intake of both vitamin D and K is negatively associated with fracture risk, we aimed to assess the effect of these vitamins in this system. Osteospheres of hOBs were generated with menaquinone-4 (MK-4; 10μM) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3; 0.01μM], alone and in combination, or without vitamins. The mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation using a flat-punch compression method, and the mineralized extracellular bone matrix was characterized by microscopy. The in vitro response of hOBs to MK-4 and 25(OH)D3 was further evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) cultures and in the 3D bone constructs applying gene expression analysis and multiplex immunoassays. Mechanical testing revealed that 25(OH)D3 induced a stiffer and MK-4 a softer or more flexible osteosphere compared with control. Combined vitamin conditions induced the same flexibility as MK-4 alone. Enhanced levels of periostin (p < 0.001) and altered distribution of collagen type I (COL-1) were found in osteospheres supplemented with MK-4. In contrast, 25(OH)D3 reduced COL-1, both at the mRNA and protein levels, increased alkaline phosphatase, and stimulated mineral deposition in the osteospheres. With the two vitamins in combination, enhanced gene expression of periostin and COL-1 was seen, as well as extended osteoid formation into the central region and increased mineral deposition all over the area. Moreover, we observed enhanced levels of osteocalcin in 2D and osteopontin in 3D cultures exposed to 25(OH)D3 alone and combined with MK-4. In conclusion, the two vitamins seem to affect bone mechanical properties differently: vitamin D enhancing stiffness and K2 conveying flexibility to bone. These effects may translate to increased fracture resistance in vivo. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schröder
- Department of Biomaterials University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | - Jianying He
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Skallerud
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Oral Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Oral Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine NTNU Trondheim Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway
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Vitamin K Nutrition and Bone Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071909. [PMID: 32605143 PMCID: PMC7399911 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and plays an important role in extrahepatic metabolism, such as in bone and blood vessels, and in energy metabolism. This review discusses the assessment of vitamin K sufficiency and the role of vitamin K in bone health. To elucidate the exact role of vitamin K in other organs, accurate tools for assessing vitamin K deficiency or insufficiency are crucial. Undercarboxylated vitamin K-dependent protein levels can be measured to evaluate tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency/insufficiency. Vitamin K has genomic action through steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR); however, the importance of this action requires further study. Recent studies have revealed that the bone-specific, vitamin K-dependent protein osteocalcin has a close relationship with energy metabolism through insulin sensitivity. Among the organs that produce vitamin K-dependent proteins, bone has attracted the most attention, as vitamin K deficiency has been consistently associated with bone fractures. Although vitamin K treatment addresses vitamin K deficiency and is believed to promote bone health, the corresponding findings on fracture risk reduction are conflicting. We also discuss the similarity of other vitamin supplementations on fracture risk. Future clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the effect of vitamin K on fracture risk.
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Tanaka N, Arima K, Nishimura T, Tomita Y, Mizukami S, Okabe T, Abe Y, Kawashiri SY, Uchiyama M, Honda Y, Tsujimoto R, Kanagae M, Osaki M, Aoyagi K. Vitamin K deficiency, evaluated with higher serum ucOC, was correlated with poor bone status in women. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:9. [PMID: 32276651 PMCID: PMC7149843 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations suggests vitamin K deficiency. Clinical intervention studies suggested that the vitamin K supplementation might contribute to preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Evidence on the relationship between serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels and bone parameters of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is limited. We examined the correlation between serum ucOC concentrations and bone status as measured by QUS among middle-aged and older Japanese men and women. METHODS The subjects were community-dwelling men (n = 358) and women (n = 503) aged ≥ 40 years in Japan. Heel QUS parameters, including the stiffness index, speed of sound, and broadband ultrasound attenuation, were measured. Serum ucOC concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Grip strength was measured in the dominant hand. Information on alcohol drinking, current smoking, exercise, and menopause in women was collected. RESULTS Serum ucOC concentrations were significantly associated with age in both sexes. Serum ucOC concentrations in men were higher at ≥ 80 years than those in the age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years. Serum ucOC concentrations in women were higher in the age groups of 50-59 and 60-69 years than those at 40-49 years. Partial correlation analysis adjusting for covariates (age, body mass index, grip strength, alcohol drinking, current smoking, and exercise in men; age, body mass index, grip strength, alcohol drinking, current smoking, exercise, and menopause in women) showed that serum ucOC concentrations were negatively significantly correlated with all QUS parameters in women. Serum ucOC concentrations were not correlated with them in men. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin K deficiency, evaluated with higher serum ucOC, was correlated with poor bone status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tomita
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizukami
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Okabe
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Abe
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michiko Uchiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuzo Honda
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsu Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kanagae
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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Capozzi A, Scambia G, Migliaccio S, Lello S. Role of vitamin K 2 in bone metabolism: a point of view and a short reappraisal of the literature. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:285-288. [PMID: 31711322 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1689554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2 (vit K2) belongs to a large group of fat-soluble compounds whose formulation is MK (menaquinone) (MK-2 to MK-14), that seem to be involved in different biological functions. In particular, vit K2 has been recently recognized as efficacious and safe in treatment of bone loss, as it contributes to structural integrity of osteocalcin (OC), the major non-collagenous protein typically found in bone matrix. Several studies proved low vit K2 intake is linked to bone loss and to increased fracture risk in both sexes. Nowadays, vit K2 supplementation is considered a significant manner to enhance the association of calcium and vitamin D whose role on bone health is largely recognized. On the other hand, vit K2 may be used alone or with other drugs to preserve bone quality/strength from skeletal degradation after menopause and/or in patients affected by secondary osteoporosis. In this paper, we review the most recent data about vit K2 on skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capozzi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of "Foro Italico" of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Lello
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Suehiro D, Nishio A, Kawai J, Fukami K, Ohnishi M. Effects of corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid (maltobionic acid calcium salt) on bone resorption in healthy Japanese adult women: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1030-1037. [PMID: 32148811 PMCID: PMC7020302 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maltobionic acid is known to have an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of osteoclasts, and it has also been reported in an intervention trial that ingestion of corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid maintained and increased the bone density of postmenopausal women. However, there is no information on whether maltobionic acid improves bone metabolism in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid (maltobionic acid calcium salt) on bone resorption markers in healthy Japanese women. Forty-one individuals were selected from 68 participants and assigned to two groups: 21 individuals in the test food antecedent group and 20 individuals in the placebo food antecedent group; individuals in the first group ingested 4 g of corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid, and subjects in the second group ingested 4 g of placebo (hydrous crystalline maltose and calcium carbonate) for 4 weeks. Bone resorption marker levels (DPD and u-NTx) were evaluated by urinalysis. Forty subjects completed the study, and no adverse events related to the test food were observed. Fourteen subjects were excluded prior to the efficacy analysis because of conflict with the control criteria; the remaining 33 subjects were analyzed. Consumption of corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid was maintained; DPD and u-NTx values were improved (p < .05). These results indicate that corn syrup solids containing maltobionic acid might contribute to suppress bone resorption and improve bone metabolism in postmenstrual women. (UMIN-CTR ID: UMIN000034257; Foundation: San-ei Sucrochemical Co., Ltd.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayaka Nishio
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Junya Kawai
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Ken Fukami
- San‐ei Sucrochemical Co., Ltd.ChitaJapan
| | - Motoko Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
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38
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Vitamin K and Bone Health: A Review on the Effects of Vitamin K Deficiency and Supplementation and the Effect of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants on Different Bone Parameters. J Osteoporos 2019; 2019:2069176. [PMID: 31976057 PMCID: PMC6955144 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2069176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although known for its importance in the coagulation cascade, vitamin K has other functions. It is an essential vitamin for bone health, taking part in the carboxylation of many bone-related proteins, regulating genetic transcription of osteoblastic markers, and regulating bone reabsorption. Vitamin K deficiency is not uncommon, as deposits are scarce and dependent upon dietary supplementation and absorption. Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, which are prescribed to many patients, also induce vitamin K deficiency. Most studies find that low serum K1 concentrations, high levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and low dietary intake of both K1 and K2 are associated with a higher risk of fracture and lower BMD. Studies exploring the relationship between vitamin K supplementation and fracture risk also find that the risk of fracture is reduced with supplements, but high quality studies designed to evaluate fracture as its primary endpoint are needed. The reduction in risk of fracture with the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants instead of warfarin is also of interest although once again, the available evidence offers disparate results. The scarce and limited evidence, including low quality studies reaching disparate conclusions, makes it impossible to extract solid conclusions on this topic, especially concerning the use of vitamin K supplements.
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39
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40
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Vitamin K as a Powerful Micronutrient in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Pros and Cons from Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174150. [PMID: 31450694 PMCID: PMC6747195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is a multifunctional micronutrient implicated in age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Although vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are described to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, novel roles have emerged for vitamin K, independently of its role in VKDPs carboxylation. Vitamin K has been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory by suppressing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction and to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress by blocking the generation of reactive oxygen species. Available clinical evidences indicate that a high vitamin K status can exert a protective role in the inflammatory and mineralization processes associated with the onset and progression of age-related diseases. Also, vitamin K involvement as a protective super-micronutrient in aging and ‘inflammaging’ is arising, highlighting its future use in clinical practice. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding clinical data on vitamin K in skeletal and cardiovascular health, and discuss the potential of vitamin K supplementation as a health benefit. We describe the clinical evidence and explore molecular aspects of vitamin K protective role in aging and age-related diseases, and its involvement as a modulator in the interplay between pathological calcification and inflammation processes.
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Hatziparasides G, Loukou I, Moustaki M, Douros K. Vitamin K and cystic fibrosis: A gordian knot that deserves our attention. Respir Med 2019; 155:36-42. [PMID: 31295676 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder with multiorgan involvement. Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction leads to fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) malabsorption and deficiency of these vitamins. Subclinical vitamin K (VK) deficiency seems to be a common problem in CF patients. However, despite the rest of fat-soluble vitamins being routinely supplemented, this is not a universal clinical practice for VK. Inefficient levels of VK may have significant effects on blood coagulation and bone formation. There are also some data indicating that VK may play a key role on regulation of inflammation. Supplementing CF patients with VK seems rational, but the appropriate dosing regimens are still a matter of debate. This review will try to delineate the problem and communicate the latest opinions on this controversial issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorios Hatziparasides
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Loukou
- Cystic Fibrosis Dept, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moustaki
- Cystic Fibrosis Dept, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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42
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Lee SM, An WS. Supplementary nutrients for prevention of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:459-469. [PMID: 31048656 PMCID: PMC6506750 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) and malnutrition associated with cardiovascular disease are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated with dialysis. VC, which reflects vascular aging, and malnutrition are also encountered in the non-CKD elderly population. This similarity of clinical findings suggests that the progression of CKD is related to aging and the existence of a causal relationship between VC and malnutrition. To retard renal progression, a low- or very-low-protein diet is usually recommended for CKD patients. Dietary education may induce malnutrition and deficiency of important nutrients, such as vitamins K and D. Menaquinone-7, a type of vitamin K2, is under investigation for inhibiting VC in elderly patients without CKD, as well as for prevention of VC in patients with CKD. Nutritional vitamin D, such as cholecalciferol, may be considered to decrease the required dose of active vitamin D, which increases the risk of VC due to increased calcium and phosphate loads. Omega-3 fatty acids are important nutrients and their ability to inhibit VC needs to be evaluated in clinical trials. This review focuses on the ability of supplementary nutrients to prevent VC in patients with CKD, in whom dietary restriction is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Suk An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Correspondence to Won Suk An, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-2811 Fax: +82-51-242-5852 E-mail:
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43
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Ozgen M, Cosan DT, Doganer F, Soyocak A, Armagan O, Kuzgun S, Aydogan AM, Gunes HV, Degirmenci I, Mutlu F. Is there any association between osteoporotic vertebral fracture and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 polymorphism in Turkish society? A pilot study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e739. [PMID: 30892416 PMCID: PMC6399659 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine polymorphisms related to the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 (VKORC1) gene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was investigated. METHOD DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 150 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Genotyping of the two polymorphic regions (9041 Guanine/Adenine and 3673 Guanine/Adenine) in VKORC1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The presence of radiographic fractures among the 150 patients was ascertained by using the Genant method. RESULT At least one fracture was detected in 98 patients, and no fracture was observed in 52 patients on radiological images. We found no association between the 9041 Guanine/Adenine (p=0.283) and 3673 Guanine/Adenine (p=0.232) polymorphisms of the VKORC1 gene and the development of secondary postosteoporotic fractures in our study. CONCLUSION There was no relationship between osteoporotic vertebral fracture and VKORC1 gene polymorphism in a postmenopausal Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merih Ozgen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Corresponding author: E-mail: /
| | - Didem Turgut Cosan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fulya Doganer
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ahu Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Armagan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selen Kuzgun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Zübeyde Hanım Campus, Eskişehir State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Merve Aydogan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Veysi Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Degirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Fezan Mutlu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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K Giri T, Newton D, Chaudhary O, Deych E, Napoli N, Villareal R, Diemer K, E Milligan P, F Gage B. Maximal dose-response of vitamin-K2 (menaquinone-4) on undercarboxylated osteocalcin in women with osteoporosis. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:42-48. [PMID: 30816822 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of serum vitamin K accompany high concentrations of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and osteoporotic fractures. Although vitamin K2 (MK-4) is approved as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis in some countries, the dose-response is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the improvement in carboxylation of osteocalcin (OC) in response to escalating doses of MK-4 supplementation. A nine-week, open-labeled, prospective cohort study was conducted in 29 postmenopausal women who suffered hip or vertebral compression fractures. Participants took low-dose MK-4 (0.5 mg) for 3 weeks (until the second visit), then medium-dose MK-4 (5 mg) for 3 weeks (until the third visit), then high-dose MK-4 (45 mg) for 3 weeks. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 69 ± 9 years. MK-4 dose (p < 0.0001), but neither age nor other relevant medications (e.g. bisphosphonates) correlated with improvement in %ucOC. As compared to baseline concentrations (geometric mean ± SD) of 16.8 ± 2.4, 0.5 mg supplementation halved %ucOC to 8.7 ± 2.2 (p < 0.0001) and the 5-mg dose halved %ucOC again (to 3.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.0002 compared to 0.5-mg dose). However, compared to 5 mg/day, there was no additional benefit of 45 mg/day (%ucOC 4.6; p = NS vs. 5-mg dose). MK-4 supplementation resulted in borderline increases in γ-carboxylated osteocalcin (glaOC; p = 0.07). There were no major side effects of MK-4 supplementation. In postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures, supplementation with either 5 or 45 mg/day of MK-4 reduces ucOC to concentrations typical of healthy, pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tusar K Giri
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - David Newton
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Opal Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Elena Deych
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri.,Univeristà campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy
| | - Reina Villareal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathy Diemer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul E Milligan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri.,BJC Healthcare System, Missouri
| | - Brian F Gage
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
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45
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Tarento TD, McClure DD, Vasiljevski E, Schindeler A, Dehghani F, Kavanagh JM. Microalgae as a source of vitamin K1. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Effects of nutritional intervention upon bone turnover in elderly hip fracture patients. Randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 29:52-58. [PMID: 30661701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hip fracture patients are at great risk of malnutrition, but documentation of the effect of nutrition supplementation in this group is sparse and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine if personalized nutrition advice combined with vitamin K1, Ca and vitamin D could improve bone turnover 4 months after hip fracture. DESIGN This is a preplanned sub study of a randomized controlled trial of orthogeriatric care. The intervention group received orthogeriatric care, including nutrition advice and supplementation. The control group received usual care at the orthopedic ward. Blood was drawn for measurements of a number of vitamins and of bone turnover markers upon admission and at four months follow up. RESULTS 71 patients (31 in the intervention group and 40 controls) had available data at 4 months as well as at baseline. After four months, vitamin K1 and 25(OH)D were higher in the intervention group compared with controls; vitamin K1: 1.0 ± 1.2 vs 0.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml, p = 0.09, 25(OH)D: 60 ± 29 vs 43 ± 22 nmol/L, p = 0.01 when adjusted for baseline differences. In a secondary, unadjusted analysis, comprising all patients with available four months data (n = 136), the differences were statistically significant for vitamin K1 as well as 25(OH)D (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was a non-significant increase in 25(OH)D in the intervention group from baseline to 4 months follow up, and a significant decrease in the control group. There was no difference in bone turnover markers between the two groups at 4 months follow up. A substantial loss of weight and physical function was found in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of 25(OH)D and vitamin K1 improved serum concentrations of these vitamins, but this did not translate into any improvement in the bone turnover markers. The RCT is registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT01009268 and NCT01738776.
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Zhang H, Liao H, Zeng Q, Wang J, Ding X, Bai S, Zhang K. Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:53-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Hang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease‐Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
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Chatake T, Yanagisawa Y, Inoue R, Sugiyama M, Matsuo T, Fujiwara S, Ohsugi T, Sumi H. Purification and structural characterization of water‐soluble menaquinone‐7 produced by
Bacillus subtilis natto. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rintaro Inoue
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University Osaka Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhito Matsuo
- Quantum Beam Science Research DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Tokai Japan
| | - Satoru Fujiwara
- Quantum Beam Science Research DirectorateNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Tokai Japan
| | - Tadanori Ohsugi
- Department of Life ScienceKurashiki University of Science and the Arts Kurashiki Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumi
- Department of Life ScienceKurashiki University of Science and the Arts Kurashiki Japan
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Tarento TDC, McClure DD, Talbot AM, Regtop HL, Biffin JR, Valtchev P, Dehghani F, Kavanagh JM. A potential biotechnological process for the sustainable production of vitamin K 1. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:1-19. [PMID: 29793354 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1474168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this review is to propose an approach for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) based upon its known sources, its role in photosynthesis and its biosynthetic pathway. The chemistry, health benefits, market, and industrial production of vitamin K are also summarized. Vitamin K compounds (K vitamers) are required for the normal function of at least 15 proteins involved in diverse physiological processes such as coagulation, tissue mineralization, inflammation, and neuroprotection. Vitamin K is essential for the prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB), especially in neonates. Increased vitamin K intake may also reduce the severity and/or risk of bone fracture, arterial calcification, inflammatory diseases, and cognitive decline. Consumers are increasingly favoring natural food and therapeutic products. However, the bulk of vitamin K products employed for both human and animal use are chemically synthesized. Biosynthesis of the menaquinones (vitamin K2) has been extensively researched. However, published research on the biotechnological production of phylloquinone is restricted to a handful of available articles and patents. We have found that microalgae are more suitable than plant cell cultures for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone. Many algae are richer in vitamin K1 than terrestrial plants, and algal cells are easier to manipulate. Vitamin K1 can be efficiently recovered from the biomass using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D C Tarento
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dale D McClure
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea M Talbot
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Agricure Scientific Organics Pty. Ltd., Braemar, NSW, Australia
| | - Hubert L Regtop
- Agricure Scientific Organics Pty. Ltd., Braemar, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Biffin
- Agricure Scientific Organics Pty. Ltd., Braemar, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Kavanagh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Attard C, Huang J, Monagle P, Ignjatovic V. Pathophysiology of thrombosis and anticoagulation post Fontan surgery. Thromb Res 2018; 172:204-213. [PMID: 29685556 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Fontan procedure has transformed the lives of children born with single-ventricle physiology, previously deemed inoperable. Worldwide, there are an increasing number of children with Fontan circulation, with the potential for survival into adulthood. Due to the abnormal circulation, Fontan patients have an increased risk of thromboembolic (TE) events, with up to 25% of events leading to death. Despite the importance of preventing TE events in this patient population, there is currently no clinical consensus on the optimal monitoring, thromboprophylaxis therapies, and treatment of these events. This paper reviews the available literature regarding anticoagulation in the pediatric and adult Fontan population, including the mechanisms for thrombosis and current antithrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Attard
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Haematology Research Group, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Clinical Haematology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Joanna Huang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Haematology Research Group, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Clinical Haematology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Haematology Research Group, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Clinical Haematology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Haematology Research Group, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Clinical Haematology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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