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Korf EA, Novozhilov AV, Mindukshev IV, Glotov AS, Kudryavtsev IV, Baidyuk EV, Dobrylko IA, Voitenko NG, Voronina PA, Habeeb S, Ghanem A, Osinovskaya NS, Serebryakova MK, Krivorotov DV, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Testing Green Tea Extract and Ammonium Salts as Stimulants of Physical Performance in a Forced Swimming Rat Experimental Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10438. [PMID: 39408765 PMCID: PMC11477139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of drugs of natural origin that increase endurance and/or accelerate recovery is an integral part of sports medicine and physiology. In this paper, decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and two ammonium salts-chloride (ACL) and carbonate (ACR)-were tested individually and in combination with GTE as stimulants of physical performance in a forced swimming rat experimental model. The determined parameters can be divided into seven blocks: functional (swimming duration); biochemistry of blood plasma; biochemistry of erythrocytes; hematology; immunology; gene expression of slow- and fast-twitch muscles (m. soleus, SOL, and m. extensor digitorum longus, EDL, respectively); and morphometric indicators of slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Regarding the negative control (intact animals), the maximum number of changes in all blocks of indicators was recorded in the GTE + ACR group, whose animals showed the maximum functional result and minimum lactate values on the last day of the experiment. Next, in terms of the number of changes, were the groups ACR, ACL, GTE + ACL, GTE and NaCl (positive control). In general, the number of identified adaptive changes was proportional to the functional state of the animals of the corresponding groups, in terms of the duration of the swimming load in the last four days of the experiment. However, not only the total number but also the qualitative composition of the identified changes is of interest. The results of a comparative analysis suggest that, in the model of forced swimming we developed, GTE promotes restoration of the body and moderate mobilization of the immune system, while small doses of ammonium salts, especially ammonium carbonate, contribute to an increase in physical performance, which is associated with satisfactory restoration of skeletal muscles and the entire body. The combined use of GTE with ammonium salts does not give a clearly positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Korf
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Artem V. Novozhilov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Igor V. Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Glotov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina V. Baidyuk
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Irina A. Dobrylko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Voitenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Polina A. Voronina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Samarmar Habeeb
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Afrah Ghanem
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia S. Osinovskaya
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Denis V. Krivorotov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, p.o. Kuz’molovsky bld.93, St. Petersburg 188663, Russia
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
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Ji K, Sun M, Li L, Hong Y, Yang S, Wu Y. Association between vitamin B2 intake and cognitive performance among older adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21930. [PMID: 39304710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) intake on cognitive performance among older adults in the United States (US) remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to explore the association between vitamin B2 intake and cognitive performance among non-institutionalized elderly people in the US. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between vitamin B2 intake and cognitive performance. Vitamin B2 intake was determined from the mean of two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Three cognitive ability assessment tests, namely the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), were performed. Participants included all older adults over 60 who underwent cognitive scoring, with cut-offs defined based on the lowest quartile (25th percentile) for each test (the cut-offs for the three scores were 15.625, 12, and 33, respectively). Sensitivity analysis, including dose-response curves, subgroup analyses, interaction effects, per 1 standard deviation (SD), recommended dietary allowance (RDA), and residual energy model analysis, were performed to solidify the solid association between vitamin B2 and cognitive performance. A total of 2893 individuals aged over 60 were included, with a mean age of 69 (7) years, and 46% were men. There was a significant association between vitamin B2 intake and all three cognitive scores (IRT, Odds Ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: [0.65,0.92]; AFT, 0.75, [0.64,0.88]; DSST, 0.72, [0.59,0.88]). Moreover, vitamin B2 intake above the RDA reduced the risk of low cognitive performance (IRT, 0.66, [0.46,0.93]; AFT, 0.83, [0.62,1.11]; DSST, 0.65, [0.45,0.92]) compared to intake below the RDA. Dose-response curves indicated that higher vitamin B2 intake was negatively associated with the risk of low cognitive performance. Physical activity may modify the association between vitamin B2 and cognitive performance. Vitamin B2 intake was positively associated with cognitive performance among older adults. Adequate vitamin B2 intake could help protect cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Ji
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Shengkai Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Yueju Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China.
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Felice F, Moschini R, Cappiello M, Sardelli G, Mosca R, Piazza L, Balestri F. Is Micronutrient Supplementation Helpful in Supporting the Immune System during Prolonged, High-Intensity Physical Training? Nutrients 2024; 16:3008. [PMID: 39275323 PMCID: PMC11397090 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that during prolonged, high-intensity physical training, athletes experience a state of immunosuppression and that balanced nutrition can help maintain immunity. This review summarizes the effects (amplified by virus infection) of high-intensity, long-term exercise on immunity, critically presenting key micronutrients and supplementation strategies that can influence athletes' performance and their immune system. The main conclusion is that micronutrient supplementation with diet could help to protect the immune system from the stress effects induced by intense physical activities. The importance of personalized supplementation has been also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gemma Sardelli
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Mosca
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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Xiao Y, Wang J, Yin S, Tang Y, Cui J, Yang Z, Huang K, Wang J, Bai Y. Association Between Physical Activity and the Prevalence of Kidney Stones in American Adults: Results From a Multiyear National Survey. Urology 2024; 189:9-18. [PMID: 38657872 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of kidney stones. METHODS A cross-section study was conducted using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. PA was evaluated based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to elucidate the association between PA (patterns, intensity, duration, and frequency of moderate and vigorous PA) and the prevalence of kidney stones after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified and interaction analyses were conducted to detect potential effect modifiers. In addition, PA was assessed using metabolic equivalent and physical volume, and followed the regression above. Water intake was obtained from the day 2 dietary recall and was included in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 34,390 participants were included in the analysis. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that individuals who engaged in moderate PA for 30-60 minutes per day had a significant inverse association with the prevalence of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio=0.804, 95% confidence interval 0.700 to 0.923), while no more significant finding was observed for other PA parameters. Interaction and stratified analyses indicated no covariate modifying the association. The results above were robust in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION The duration of moderate PA (30-60 min/d) is inversely associated with the prevalence of kidney stones, while no more significant association was observed between other PA parameters (including patterns, intensity, duration, and frequency of vigorous PA, frequency of moderate PA) and kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yaxiong Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Kramarz C, McHugh J, Rossor A. Strachan's syndrome and riboflavin deficiency. Pract Neurol 2024; 24:121-128. [PMID: 38290841 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2023-003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Strachan's syndrome comprises a triad of optic, auditory and painful sensory peripheral neuropathy. It has been recognised since the late 19th century and is presumed to result from nutritional deficiency. Patients present acute or subacutely after a period of systemic illness, weight loss or, most commonly, dietary restriction, especially veganism, which can cause riboflavin (vitamin B2) and vitamin B12 deficiencies. The syndrome is more common in people who are black British and often of Jamaican descent. We describe the clinical phenotype using a typical case example, review other endemic nutritional peripheral neuropathies and discuss the potential benefit of riboflavin as a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kramarz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - James McHugh
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexander Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Fukui K, You F, Kato Y, Yuzawa S, Kishimoto A, Hara T, Kanome Y, Harakawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Inufusa H. A mixed antioxidant supplement improves cognitive function, and coordination in aged mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:119-126. [PMID: 38510681 PMCID: PMC10948352 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage increases the risk of several disorders. To prevent these diseases, people consume supplements. However, there is little evidence of the impact of supplement intake on cognitive function. Recently, frailty and sarcopenia have become serious issues, and these phenomena include a risk of mild cognitive impairment. In this study, aged mice were fed the combination supplement and cognitive and motor functions were measured. Following 1 month of treatment with the supplement, significant improvements in cognitive function and neuromuscular coordination were observed. Following 2 weeks of treadmill training, treatment with the supplement dramatically increased running distance compared to that in untreated normal aged mice. Serum indices such as triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in the supplement-treated aged mice compared to untreated aged mice. These results indicate that the combination supplement may play a role in maintaining cognitive function, coordination ability and improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukui
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Fukka You
- Division of Anti-oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Anti-oxidant Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanakamonzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Yugo Kato
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shuya Yuzawa
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ayuta Kishimoto
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Takuma Hara
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanome
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Harakawa
- Division of Anti-oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanakamonzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Inufusa
- Division of Anti-oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Anti-oxidant Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanakamonzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
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Yang Y, Ke Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Tian F, Zhi L, Zhao G, Lv B, Hua S, Wu H. Navigating the B vitamins: Dietary diversity, microbial synthesis, and human health. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:12-18. [PMID: 38211561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
B vitamins are intricately involved in various physiological processes vital for health. Their significance is complicated by the heterogeneous landscape of B vitamin distribution in diets and the contributions of the gut microbiota. Here, we delve into the impact of these factors on B vitamins and introduce strategies, with a focus on microbiota-based therapeutic options, to enhance their availability for improved well-being. Additionally, we provide an ecological and evolutionary perspective on the importance of B vitamins to human-microbiota interactions. In the dynamic realms of nutrition and microbiome science, these essential micronutrients continue to play a fundamental role in our understanding of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yize Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Rongji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Luqian Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Sha Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Kramarz C, Murphy E, Reilly MM, Rossor AM. Nutritional peripheral neuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 95:61-72. [PMID: 37536924 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional peripheral neuropathies are a global problem, heavily influenced by geopolitical, cultural and socioeconomic factors. Peripheral neuropathy occurs most frequently secondary to B-vitamin deficiencies, which is suspected to increase in years to come due to the popularity of vegan and vegetarian diets and increased use of bariatric surgery.This review will focus on the common B-vitamins for which a causal link to peripheral neuropathy is more established (vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9 and B12). We will review the historical human and animal data on which much of the clinical descriptions of vitamin deficiencies are based and summarise current available tools for accurately diagnosing a nutritional deficiency. We will also review recently described genetic diseases due to pathogenic variants in genes involved in B-vitamin metabolism that have helped to inform the phenotypes and potential causality of certain B-vitamins in peripheral neuropathy (B2 and B9).Endemic outbreaks of peripheral neuropathy over the last two centuries have been linked to food shortages and nutritional deficiency. These include outbreaks in Jamaican sugar plantation workers in the nineteenth century (Strachan's syndrome), World War two prisoners of war, Cuban endemic neuropathy and also Tanzanian endemic optic neuropathy, which remains a significant public health burden today. An improved understanding of lack of which vitamins cause peripheral neuropathy and how to identify specific deficiencies may lead to prevention of significant and irreversible disability in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kramarz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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9
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Li H, Krall JR, Frankenfeld C, Slavin M. Nutritional intake of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and migraine: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2004. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1068-1077. [PMID: 36175363 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2126760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical studies demonstrate that supplemental riboflavin is an efficacious and low risk prophylactic treatment for migraine. However, background riboflavin intake of adults with migraine from nutritional sources has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate riboflavin consumption of adults with migraine in the United States, and further investigate the relationship between nutritional riboflavin consumption and the prevalence of migraine among adults. METHODS This cross-sectional secondary analysis included 3439 participants ages 20-50 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2004. Presence of migraine in the past three months was self-reported. Riboflavin intake was determined from one 24-hour recall interview. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for riboflavin intake quartiles using an adjusted logistic regression model. Statistical significance was determined using an adjusted Wald test. RESULTS Results showed that mean dietary consumption of riboflavin fulfilled the Recommended Dietary Allowance for migraine and control groups. Dietary riboflavin intake was associated with the odds of migraine (pWald = 0.002), but no association was found for supplemental or total riboflavin consumption (pWald = 0.479 and 0.136). When stratified by gender, there was no association of dietary riboflavin with migraine in males (pWald = 0.423), but an association was observed in females (pWald = 0.014). DISCUSSION The RDA value for riboflavin was not relevant for assessing odds of migraine; however, differing odds of migraine were detected across dietary riboflavin consumption groups at levels above the RDA. Future riboflavin supplementation trials for migraine prophylaxis should consider measuring background dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jenna R Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Cara Frankenfeld
- Public Health Program, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Moroni B, Óvári V, Nicastro C, de Salvo R, Ehret A. A real-world evidence study evaluating consumer experience of Supradyn Recharge or Supradyn Magnesium and Potassium during demanding periods. Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-1-6. [PMID: 37313041 PMCID: PMC10259500 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Challenging periods and/or mild micronutrient deficiencies may result in a lack of energy and general fatigue, frequently occurring in the general population. Supradyn Recharge and Supradyn Magnesium and Potassium (Mg/K) are multimineral/vitamin supplements formulated to ensure adequate daily intake of micronutrients. We conducted an observational study addressing consumption behaviour, reasons for intake, frequency of intake, and consumer experiences, satisfaction and characteristics under real-life conditions. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study carried out with two computer-aided web quantitative interviews. Results A total of 606 respondents (almost equally split between men and women; median age 40 years) completed the questionnaires. The majority indicated having a family, a job and a good level of education; they stated to be long-time and daily users, reporting an average daily intake of 6 days a week. More than 90% of consumers claimed they were satisfied, would use the products again and recommend them; over two-thirds felt the value for money was good. Supradyn Recharge has been mainly used to support lifestyle change and mental resilience, seasonal changes, and post-illness recovery. Supradyn Mg/K has been used to sustain or regain energy levels during hot weather or physical activity and as a support against stress. Users claimed a positive impact on quality of life. Conclusion Overall, the perception of benefit by consumers was extremely positive as reflected in their consumption behaviour, the majority of whom stated to be long-time users and daily consumers, with an average daily intake of 6 days for both products. These data complement and add up to the results of Supradyn clinical trials.
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Moss K, Kreutzer A, Graybeal AJ, Zhang Y, Braun-Trocchio R, Porter RR, Shah M. Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5469. [PMID: 37107749 PMCID: PMC10138386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper nutrition is critical for optimal performance in endurance athletes. However, it is unclear if endurance athletes are meeting all their energy and nutrient needs. We examined if endurance athletes are meeting their nutritional requirements and if this differed by sex. Ninety-five endurance athletes (n = 95; 50.5% men; 34.9 ± 12.9 y) participated in the study. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24 h dietary recall method. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the ESHA Food Processor Diet Analysis Software and compared against reference nutrient intakes. Endurance athletes did not consume the recommended amount of energy (76.8% of athletes), carbohydrates (95.8%), linoleic acid (75.8%), α-linolenic acid (ALA) (77.9%), eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (96.8%), dietary fiber (49.5%), vitamins D (93.7%), E (71.6%), and K (54.7%), folate (54.7%), pantothenic acid (70.5%), biotin (83.2%), manganese (58.9%), magnesium (56.8%), chromium (91.6%), molybdenum (93.7%), choline (85.3%), and potassium (56.8%), and consumed too much saturated fat (50.5%) and sodium (94.7%) than recommended. Fisher's Exact test showed that the requirements for dietary fiber (70.8% vs. 27.7%), ALA (87.5% vs. 68.1%), and total water (70.8% vs. 44.7%) were not met by more men versus women (p < 0.05). The needs for protein (70.2% vs. 25%) and vitamin B12 (46.8% vs. 22.9%) were not met by more women compared to men (p < 0.05). These findings need to be confirmed by a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamiah Moss
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Andreas Kreutzer
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
- School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
| | - Austin J. Graybeal
- School of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Robyn Braun-Trocchio
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Ryan R. Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Meena Shah
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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Nichols QZ, Ramadoss R, Stanzione JR, Volpe SL. Micronutrient supplement intakes among collegiate and masters athletes: A cross-sectional study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:854442. [PMID: 37090821 PMCID: PMC10117840 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.854442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIn our cross-sectional study, we evaluated micronutrient supplementation intake among Collegiate and Masters Athletes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to assess micronutrient supplementation consumption in Collegiate and Masters Athletes, comparing sex and sport classification within each respective group. Micronutrient supplement consumption data were measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A two-way analysis of variance was used to explore the differences among Collegiate and Masters Athletes' supplement intakes of the following vitamins and minerals: vitamins A, B6, B12, C, E, D, and calcium, folate, iron, magnesium niacin, riboflavin, selenium, thiamine, and zinc. When significant differences were found, a Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to identify specific group differences. The significance level was set a priori at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 198 athletes (105 females and 93 males) were included in the study. Participants were 36.16 ± 12.33 years of age. Collegiate male athletes had significantly greater vitamin A [1,090.51 ± 154.72 vs. 473.93 ± 233.18 mg retinol activity equivalents (RAE)/day] (p < 0.036), folate [337.14 ± 44.79 vs. 148.67 ± 67.50 mcg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/day] (p < 0.027), and magnesium (65.35 ± 8.28 vs. 31.28 ± 12.48 mg/day) (p < 0.031) intakes compared to Collegiate female athletes. Collegiate CrossFit Athletes (940.71 ± 157.54 mg/day) had a significantly greater vitamin C intake compared to Collegiate General Athletes (156.34 ± 67.79 mg/day) (p < 0.005), Collegiate Triathletes (88.57 ± 148.53 mg/day) (p < 0.027), Collegiate Resistance Training Athletes (74.28 ± 143.81 mg/day) (p < 0.020), and Collegiate Powerlifters (175.71 ± 128.63 mg/day) (p < 0.044). Masters females had significantly greater calcium intakes compared to Masters males (494.09 ± 65.73 vs.187.89 ± 77.23 mg/day, respectively) (p < 0.002). Collegiate Runners (41.35 ± 6.53 mg/day) had a significantly greater iron intake compared to Collegiate Powerlifters (4.50 ± 6.53 mg/day) (p < 0.024). Masters Swimmers (61.43 ± 12.10 mg/day) had significantly greater iron intakes compared to Masters General Athletes (13.97 ± 3.56 mg/day) (p < 0.014), Masters Runners (17.74 ± 2.32 mg/day) (p < 0.03), Masters Triathletes (11.95 ± 3.73 mg/day) (p < 0.008), Masters CrossFit Athletes (15.93 ± 5.36 mg/day) (p < 0.043), Masters Rowers (9.10 ± 3.36 mg/day) (p < 0.003), and Masters Cyclists (1.71 ± 9.88 mg/day) (p < 0.011). Masters Powerlifters (47.14 ± 9.65 mg/day) had significantly greater zinc intakes compared to Masters General Athletes (9.57 ± 2.84 mg/day) (p < 0.015), Masters Runners (10.67 ± 1.85 mg/day) (p < 0.017), Masters Triathletes (10.24 ± 2.98 mg/day) (p < 0.020), Masters Rowers (9.33 ± 2.68 mg/day) (p < 0.013), and Masters Cyclists (1.43 ± 7.88 mg/day) (p < 0.019). There were no other significant differences among the other micronutrient supplement intakes between the sexes or among the sport classification.ConclusionWe reported significant differences among female and male Collegiate and Masters Athletes. Additionally, we reported significant differences among Collegiate and Masters Athletes sport classifications. Further research should examine both dietary and micronutrient supplement intake among Collegiate and Masters Athletes to examine the extent that athletes exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), and the potential effects on health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Z. Nichols
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rohit Ramadoss
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joseph R. Stanzione
- Nutrition & Scientific Affairs, Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements, Bohemia, NY, United States
| | - Stella L. Volpe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Correspondence: Stella L. Volpe
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Kanon AP, Giezenaar C, Roy NC, McNabb WC, Henare SJ. Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1079609. [PMID: 36998905 PMCID: PMC10043399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsDaily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations.Methods24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) with poor (n = 12) or good (n = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined.ResultsRegardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved (p < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption (p = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake (p = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF (p = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers (p < 0.05).ConclusionConsumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism.Clinical trial registration[www.anzctr.org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808].Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Kanon
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon J. Henare
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Sharon J. Henare,
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Zhang J, Chen J, Sui X, Drenowatz C, Wang Q. Association between Different Types of Exercise and Intake of Nutrients including Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, and B Vitamins in Young Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:806. [PMID: 36839164 PMCID: PMC9966440 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between different types of exercise and nutrient intake to provide a basis for promoting the overall health of young adults. METHODS A total of 427 young adults (217 women) aged 21 to 35 were recruited. Participants self-reported time spent (min/week) in endurance exercise, resistance exercise, sports, walking, and other structured physical activity (PA). Nutrient intake was determined via telephone-administered 24 h recalls. RESULTS Resistance exercise was positively associated with intake of protein, vitamins B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12 and the percentage of total calories from protein (PCT-PRO), and negatively associated with the percentage of total calories from carbohydrate (PCT-CHO) (p < 0.05). Time spent in aerobic exercise was positively associated with fiber, pectin, and vitamin B6 intake, and negatively associated with PCT-PRO (p < 0.05). Time spent exercising was negatively associated with fiber and pectin intake (p < 0.05). Time spent performing other structured PA was positively associated with pectin intake (p < 0.05). Participants' total exercise time was positively associated with intake of vitamins B2, B5, B12, and PCT-Fat, PCT-PRO, and negatively associated with PCT-CHO (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed an association between various exercise types and specific nutrients. It may be worthwhile to point out the negative association of exercise with CHO intake, which may need to be examined more closely in active young adults. In addition, the supplementation of B vitamins and pectin may be beneficial for their exercise performance and post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health University of Education Upper Austria, Kaplanhofstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Qirong Wang
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Rupasinghe WAWS, Perera TSH, Silva KDRR, Samita S, Wickramaratne MN. Nutritional intake of sport undergraduates in Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36593516 PMCID: PMC9806877 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional intake plays an important role in determining energy availability which is vital to health, wellbeing, and sports performance in an active population. This research assessed the sports undergraduates' nutritional intake compared to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and nutrition goals provided by WHO. METHODS This study is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and one (n = 101) sports undergraduates aged between 20 to 23 years were recruited and the nutrient intake was assessed using the three-day food diary method and quantified the macro and micronutrients by the food composition database. One sample t-test was performed to compare the mean nutrient intakes with the lowest recommendation values. RESULTS Though most undergraduates were able to meet the dietary requirements in carbohydrates, they were deficient in their protein intake and exceeded in fats intake. Further, both male and female students were deficient in their daily energy intake (1723 kcal, 1607 kcal) and dietary fiber intake (8 g, 11 g). The saturated fat intake was met by all students while 20% of males and 21% of females exceeded the recommendations (< 10%). The micronutrient intake of vitamins such as C, B1, B2, B9, and B12 and minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium, were significantly below the recommendations (p < 0.05) except for vitamin B3 niacin. CONCLUSIONS Providing a nutritionally valuable meal is essentially required to maintain both physical and mental fitness. Our results revealed that the Sri Lankan sport science undergraduates do not have an adequate daily dietary intake of energy, proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins such as C, B1, B2, B9, and B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A W S Rupasinghe
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - T S H Perera
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - K D R R Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
| | - S Samita
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M Nirmali Wickramaratne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Hidellana, Rathnapura, Sri Lanka.
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Ribeiro TLM, Francis FL, Heldt JS, Rusche WC, Smith ZK. Evaluation of a ruminally protected blend of pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, biotin, and vitamin B12 on finishing steer growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, carcass trait responses, and liver abscess prevalence and severity. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad084. [PMID: 37547801 PMCID: PMC10400134 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence that a ruminally-protected B-vitamin (RPBV) blend (containing vitamin B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12) had on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, carcass trait responses, and liver abscess severity and prevalence in beef steers fed a finishing diet. Steers (n = 246; initial shrunk body weight [BW] = 411 ± 25.8 kg) from two different sources, were used in a 126-d RCBD experiment. Within 48 h after arrival, steers were individually weighed and allotted to 1 of 24 pens (n = 8 to 12 steers; 8 pens per treatment) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) No RPBV; (2) RPBV1 at 1 g/steer d-1; 3) RPBV2 at 2 g/steer d-1. During the first 14 d, cattle received two transition diets with increasing concentrate. From days 15 to 126, cattle were fed the final diet containing 53% dry-rolled corn; 23% corn silage; 20% MDGS; and 4% suspended supplement. On the first 28 d, steers of RPBV1 had a greater average daily gain (ADG) and better feed conversion (G:F), both by 9% (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.02). However, cumulatively, no differences (P ≥ 0.13) among treatments were found for dry-matter intake (DMI), live final BW, ADG, or G:F. Carcass-adjusted final BW, ADG, and G:F were not influenced by treatment (P ≥ 0.59). Additionally, carcass weight, dressing percentage, marbling score, kidney-pelvic-heart fat, or BW at 28% empty body fat did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Ribeye area (REA) was altered (quadratic effect, P = 0.02) by treatment; steers from RPBV1 had decreased REA compared to others. Additionally, calculated yield grade (YG) and calculated retail yield (RY) were altered (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.01) by treatment; steers from RPBV1 had increased YG and decreased RY compared to others. Estimated empty body fatness tended (P = 0.06) to be greater from steers-fed RPBV compared to control. Overall USDA YG distribution was altered by dietary treatment (P = 0.01). The proportions of YG1 and YG5 carcasses were unaffected by treatment, but there was a shift in the proportion of carcasses that graded YG2, YG3, and YG4 among treatments. Distribution of USDA Quality Grade was not altered by treatment (P = 0.53). No treatment differences in liver abscess incidence or severity were observed (P = 0.13). The use of RPBV altered carcass muscularity and rib fat accumulation affecting the overall YG distribution. However, RPBV did not appreciably influence any cumulative growth performance measures or liver abscess outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Forest L Francis
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | | | - Warren C Rusche
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Ahmed A, Afzaal M, Ali SW, Muzammil HS, Masood A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Hussain M, Rasheed A, Al Jbawi E. Effect of vegan diet (VD) on sports performance: a mechanistic review of metabolic cascades. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Shehzad Muzammil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammar Masood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amara Rasheed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Benefits of a plant-based diet and considerations for the athlete. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1163-1178. [PMID: 35150294 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals may opt to follow a plant-based diet for a variety of reasons, such as religious practices, health benefits or concerns for animal or environmental welfare. Such diets offer a broad spectrum of health benefits including aiding in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. In addition to health benefits, a plant-based diet may provide performance-enhancing effects for various types of exercise due to high carbohydrate levels and the high concentration of antioxidants and phytochemicals found in a plant-based diet. However, some plant-based foods also contain anti-nutrional factors, such as phytate and tannins, which decrease the bioavailability of key nutrients, such as iron, zinc, and protein. Thus, plant-based diets must be carefully planned to ensure adequate intake and absorption of energy and all essential nutrients. The current narrative review summarizes the current state of the research concerning the implications of a plant-based diet for health and exercise performance. It also outlines strategies to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients, sources of hard-to-get nutrients, and sport supplements that could interest plant-based athletes.
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Sato A, Sato S, Omori G, Koshinaka K. Effects of Thiamin Restriction on Exercise-Associated Glycogen Metabolism and AMPK Activation Level in Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030710. [PMID: 35277069 PMCID: PMC8838653 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the direct influence of a decrease in the cellular thiamin level, before the onset of anorexia (one of the symptoms of thiamin deficiency) on glycogen metabolism and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation levels in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to exercise. Male Wistar rats were classified as the control diet (CON) group or the thiamin-deficient diet (TD) group and consumed the assigned diets for 1 week. Skeletal muscles were taken from the rats at rest, those that underwent low-intensity swimming (LIS), or high-intensity intermittent swimming (HIS) conducted immediately before dissection. There were no significant differences in food intake, locomotive activity, or body weight between groups, but thiamin pyrophosphate in the skeletal muscles of the TD group was significantly lower than that of the CON group. Muscle glycogen and lactate levels in the blood and muscle were equivalent between groups at rest and in response to exercise. The mitochondrial content was equal between groups, and AMPK in the skeletal muscles of TD rats was normally activated by LIS and HIS. In conclusion, with a lowered cellular thiamin level, the exercise-associated glycogen metabolism and AMPK activation level in skeletal muscle were normally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (G.O.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-257-4586
| | - Shinji Sato
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan;
| | - Go Omori
- Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (G.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Keiichi Koshinaka
- Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (G.O.); (K.K.)
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The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes’ Muscle, Heart and Microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031249. [PMID: 35162272 PMCID: PMC8834970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes’ health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome.
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Gonçalves AC, Portari GV. The B-complex vitamins related to energy metabolism and their role in exercise performance: A narrative review. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Daum T, Birner R. The forgotten agriculture-nutrition link: farm technologies and human energy requirements. Food Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn the quest to reduce global under- and malnutrition, which are particularly high among smallholder farmers, agriculture-nutrition linkages are receiving increasing attention. Researchers have analyzed the link between the quantity and diversity of food that farmers produce and nutritional outcomes but paid limited attention to a third agriculture-nutrition link: the link between how food is produced and nutritional outcomes. This neglect persists despite the majority of smallholder farmers relying on hand tools for farming, which implies heavy physical work and, thus, high energy requirements. To address this research gap, this study compares the energy requirements of farm households in rural Zambia that are characterized by three different levels of mechanization: hand tools, animal drought power, and tractors. 1638 days of detailed time-use and nutrition data were collected from 186 male and female adults and boys and girls during different seasons (land preparation, weeding, and harvesting/processing) using an innovative picture-based smartphone app called “Timetracker”. This data served to calculate different proxies for physical activity and energy requirements using “Ainsworth’s Compendium of Physical Activities”. The results suggest that detailed time-use data offers great potentials to study physical activity and energy requirements. The findings show strong linkages between farm technologies, physical activity levels, and energy requirements, suggesting that this agriculture-nutrition link deserves more scientific and political attention to reduce under- and malnutrition among smallholder farmers.
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Ohnuma K, Uchida T, Leung GNW, Ueda T, Obara T, Ishii H. Establishment of a post-race biomarkers database and application of pathway analysis to identify potential biomarkers in post-race equine plasma. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:915-928. [PMID: 33835667 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the context of doping control, conventional direct chemical testing detects only a limited scope of target substances in equine biological samples. To expand the ability to detect doping agents and their detection windows, metabolomics has recently become a common approach for monitoring alteration of biomarkers caused by doping agents in relevant metabolic pathways. In horse racing, remarkable changes in metabolic profiles between the rest state and racing are likely to affect the identification of doping biomarkers. Previously, we reported a limited number of significantly upregulated metabolites after racing, based on a non-targeted metabolomics approach using out-of-competition and post-race equine plasma samples. In this study, we performed a more thorough analysis of the data set, using pathway analysis to establish a post-race biomarkers database (PBD) that includes upregulated and downregulated metabolites, their fold changes, and relevant pathways, with the main objective of improving our understanding of changes in physiological status related to horse racing. Statistical analysis of the PBD revealed that two peak combinations of pentadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (P/G) and heptadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (H/G) could be used as potential biomarkers for the discrimination of the rest and post-race groups. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBD, we validated the post-race biomarkers P/G and H/G (highly involved in lipid metabolism) by a single-blind test. This strategy, which combines establishment of a biomarker database with pathway analysis, represents a powerful tool for discovering potential doping biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ohnuma
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchida
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Gary Ngai-Wa Leung
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ueda
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.,Bioinformatics Team, Research Laboratory, H. U. Group Research Institute G.K., Hachioji, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishii
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Grootswagers P, Mensink M, Berendsen AAM, Deen CPJ, Kema IP, Bakker SJL, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Meunier N, Malpuech-Brugère C, Bialecka-Debek A, Rolf K, Fairweather-Tait S, Jennings A, Feskens EJM, de Groot LCPGM. Vitamin B-6 intake is related to physical performance in European older adults: results of the New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:781-789. [PMID: 33515034 PMCID: PMC8024000 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of high physical performance during aging might be supported by an adequate dietary intake of niacin, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and folate because these B vitamins are involved in multiple processes related to muscle functioning. However, not much is known about the association between dietary intake of these B vitamins and physical performance. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between dietary intake of niacin, vitamins B-6 and B-12, and folate and physical performance in older adults and to explore mediation by niacin status and homocysteine concentrations. METHODS We used baseline data from the New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE) trial, which included n = 1249 healthy older adults (aged 65-79 y) with complete data on dietary intake measured with 7-d food records and questionnaires on vitamin supplement use and physical performance measured with the short physical performance battery and handgrip dynamometry. Associations were assessed by adjusted linear mixed models. RESULTS Intake of vitamin B-6 was related to lower chair rise test time [β: -0.033 ± 0.016 s (log); P = 0.043]. Vitamin B-6 intake was also significantly associated with handgrip strength, but for this association, a significant interaction effect between vitamin B-6 intake and physical activity level was found. In participants with the lowest level of physical activity, higher intake of vitamin B-6 tended to be associated with greater handgrip strength (β: 1.5 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.051), whereas in participants in the highest quartile of physical activity, higher intake was associated with lower handgrip strength (β: -1.4 ± 0.7 kg; P = 0.041). No evidence was found for an association between intake of niacin, vitamin B-12, or folate and physical performance or for mediation by niacin status or homocysteine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B-6 intake was associated with better chair rise test time in a population of European healthy older adults and also with greater handgrip strength in participants with low physical activity only. Homocysteine concentrations did not mediate these associations. The NU-AGE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01754012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Agnes A M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carolien P J Deen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine and CIG Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani,” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine and CIG Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani,” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics, and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod–National Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agata Bialecka-Debek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rolf
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susan Fairweather-Tait
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jennings
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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König S, Jockenhöfer C, Billich C, Beer M, Machann J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Schütz U. Long distance running - Can bioprofiling predict success in endurance athletes? Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110474. [PMID: 33418424 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The TransEuropeFootRace (TEFR) was one of the most extreme multistage competitions worldwide. The ultramarathon took the runners over a distance of 4487 km, from Bari, Italy, to the North Cape, Norway, in 64 days. The participating ultra-long-distance runners had to complete almost two marathons per day (~70 km). The race was accompanied by a research team analysing adaptations of different organ systems of the human body that were exposed to a chronic lack of regeneration time. Here, we analyzed runner's urine using mass spectrometric profiling of thousands of low-molecular weight compounds. The results indicated that pre-race molecular factors can predict finishers and separate them from nonfinishers already before the race. These observations were related to the training volume as finishers ran about twice as many kilometers per week before TEFR than nonfinishers, thus apparently achieving a higher performance level and resistance against overuse. While this hypothesis needs to be validated in future long-distance races, the bioprofiling experiments suggest that the competition readiness of the runners is measurable and might be adjustable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Jockenhöfer
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Billich
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Schütz
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
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Hołowko-Ziółek J, Cięszczyk P, Biliński J, Basak GW, Stachowska E. What Model of Nutrition Can Be Recommended to People Ending Their Professional Sports Career? An Analysis of the Mediterranean Diet and the CRON Diet in the Context of Former Athletes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3604. [PMID: 33255295 PMCID: PMC7761328 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes who retire from their sporting career face an increase in body weight, leading to overweight or obesity. Simultaneously, a significant number of these athletes meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome. The available literature does not offer clearly defined standards of nutrition for the discussed group of people. In this situation, it seems advisable to develop different standards of dietary behavior typical of athletes finishing their sports careers. For this purpose, the study analyzed two types of diets: the Mediterranean diet and the Calorie Restriction with Optimal Nutrition (CRON) diet based on significant calorie restrictions. Both diets seem to meet the requirements of this group of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hołowko-Ziółek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (J.H.-Z.); (E.S.)
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-010 Police, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Biliński
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz W. Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (J.H.-Z.); (E.S.)
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Circulatory and Urinary B-Vitamin Responses to Multivitamin Supplement Ingestion Differ between Older and Younger Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113529. [PMID: 33212933 PMCID: PMC7698360 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements are frequently used amongst older populations to improve adequacy of micronutrients, including B-vitamins, but evidence for improved health outcomes are limited and deficiencies remain prevalent. Although this may indicate poor efficacy of supplements, this could also suggest the possibility for altered B-vitamin bioavailability and metabolism in older people. This open-label, single-arm acute parallel study, conducted at the Liggins Institute Clinical Research Unit in Auckland, compared circulatory and urinary B-vitamer responses to MVM supplementation in older (70.1 ± 2.7 y, n = 10 male, n = 10 female) compared to younger (24.2 ± 2.8 y, n = 10 male, n = 10 female) participants for 4 h after the ingestion of a single dose of a commercial MVM supplement and standardized breakfast. Older adults had a lower area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial plasma pyridoxine (p = 0.02) and pyridoxal-5′phosphate (p = 0.03) forms of vitamin B6 but greater 4-pyridoxic acid AUC (p = 0.009). Urinary pyridoxine and pyridoxal excretion were higher in younger females than in older females (time × age × sex interaction, p < 0.05). Older adults had a greater AUC increase in plasma thiamine (p = 0.01), riboflavin (p = 0.009), and pantothenic acid (p = 0.027). In older adults, there was decreased plasma responsiveness of the ingested (pyridoxine) and active (pyridoxal-5′phosphate) forms of vitamin B6, which indicated a previously undescribed alteration in either absorption or subsequent metabolic interconversion. While these findings cannot determine whether acute B6 responsiveness is adequate, this difference may have potential implications for B6 function in older adults. Although this may imply higher B vitamin substrate requirements for older people, further work is required to understand the implications of postprandial differences in availability.
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Baart AM, Balvers MGJ, de Vries JHM, Ten Haaf DSM, Hopman MTE, Klein Gunnewiek JMT. Relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in 873 adults with a physically active lifestyle: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:324-333. [PMID: 32955764 PMCID: PMC8048838 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 and folate function as co-factors in pathways used during physical activity. Physical activity may therefore increase vitamin requirements, leading to a risk of deficient plasma concentrations. We aimed to investigate the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in physically active adults, as well as identify other determinants of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations. METHODS The study population consisted of 873 adults (528 men and 345 women), aged 19-78 years, who participated in a 4-day walking event. The relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate was assessed using correlation and linear regression analyses. In addition, potential other determinants (sex, age, body mass index, energy intake and physical activity) of vitamin plasma concentrations were investigated. RESULTS Significant positive correlations were observed between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 [Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08-0.21] and folate (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.12-0.25). In addition to vitamin intake, sex, age and energy intake were also determinants of both vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations in multivariable regression models. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a positive association between intake and plasma concentrations for both vitamin B12 and folate in physically active people. By contrast to our hypothesis, physical activity was not a determinant of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations. However, sex, age and energy intake were found to be determinants. Thus, when studying the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 or folate, these factors should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Baart
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - M G J Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - J H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D S M Ten Haaf
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J M T Klein Gunnewiek
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology Laboratory, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
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29
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Gampe C, Verma VA. Curse or Cure? A Perspective on the Developability of Aldehydes as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14357-14381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gampe
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
| | - Vishal A. Verma
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
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30
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Lee S, Lee HJ, Kim SC, Joo JK. Association between nutrients and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean women. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:298-305. [PMID: 32555997 PMCID: PMC10522223 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nutritional intake and metabolic syndrome in otherwise healthy middle-aged Korean women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for nutritional intake of 2,182 Korean women who had undergone routine medical check-ups from 2010 to 2016 at Pusan National University Hospital. The patients who met diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome based on NCEP-ATPIII were included, and each of the patients was assessed through self-report questionnaires and individual interview with a health care provider. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for women in Republic of Korea was based on 2015 criteria discussed in Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans, organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. RESULTS Through univariate analysis, daily calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate consumption were significantly higher and exceeded RDA in the patients with metabolic syndrome; other than major nutrients, iron, vitamin B2, and niacin were also consumed in excess of the RDA in these patients. Multivariate analysis showed that carbohydrate consumption, along with protein and vitamin B2, were significantly higher in the patients with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION In middle-aged Korean women, high consumption of carbohydrates, along with protein and vitamin B2, was found to have a statistically significant association with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):298-305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul Lee
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Kim
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Pusan National UniversitySchool of MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusanKorea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
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Dodd FL, Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Veasey RC, Walker K, Reed S, Jackson PA, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Acute and chronic effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on objective and subjective energy measures. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:16. [PMID: 32123534 PMCID: PMC7038616 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins and minerals play an essential role within many cellular processes including energy production and metabolism. Previously, supplementation with a multivitamin/mineral (MVM) for ≥28 days resulted in improvements to cognition and subjective state. We have also demonstrated shifts in metabolism during cognitively demanding tasks following MVM in females, both acutely and following 8-week supplementation. The current study aimed to assess these effects further in males and females using metabolically challenging exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods The current randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study investigated the effects of a MVM complex in 82 healthy young (18-35y) exercisers. Subjective ratings and substrate metabolism were assessed during 30 min each of increasingly effortful incremental exercise and demanding cognitive tasks. Assessments took place on acute study days following a single dose (Day 1) of MVM, containing 3 times recommended daily allowance of water-soluble vitamins plus CoQ10, and following 4-week supplementation (Day 28). Results Energy expenditure (EE) was increased during cognitive tasks following MVM across Day 1 and Day 28, with greater effects in males. In males, MVM also increased carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise across Day 1 and Day 28. In females, mental tiredness was lower during exercise; increases in physical tiredness following 30 min of exercise were attenuated; and stress ratings following cognitive tasks were reduced following MVM. In males, MVM only lowered mental tiredness following 10 min of exercise. These effects were apparent irrespective of day, but effects on mental tiredness were greater on Day 28. Ferritin levels were also higher on Day 28 in those receiving MVM. Conclusion These findings extend on existing knowledge, demonstrating increased carbohydrate oxidation and increased energy expenditure in males following MVM supplementation for the first time. Importantly, they show modulation of energy expenditure and subjective tiredness following a single dose, providing further evidence for acute effects of MVM. Differential effects in men and women suggest that sex may play an important role in the effects of MVM on energy metabolism and should be considered in future research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03003442. Registered 22nd November 2016 – retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Dodd
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - D O Kennedy
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - E J Stevenson
- 2Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - R C Veasey
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - K Walker
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - S Reed
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - P A Jackson
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - C F Haskell-Ramsay
- 4Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
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32
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Gromova OA, Torshin IY, Sorokina MA, Gromov AN. Magnesium and vitamin B2 supplementation is an important nutritional resource of sports medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-216-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The supply of the with magnesium and vitamin B2 is essential to maintain the energy metabolism of cells, hormonal balance, endurance, immunity, cardiovascular health of athletes. As a result, by increasing the availability of these micronutrients, it is possible to increase maximum aerobic power, achieve better sports results and stimulate adequate recovery after competition or after intensive training. A promising way to increase the supply of athletes with magnesium and vitamin B2 is the use of aqueous solutions of magnesium citrate in combination with riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gromova
- Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics; Big Data Storage & Analysis Center, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lomonosov Moscow State University»
| | - I. Yu. Torshin
- Big Data Storage & Analysis Center, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lomonosov Moscow State University»
| | - M. A. Sorokina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology RAS»
| | - A. N. Gromov
- Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics
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33
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Nunes CL, Matias CN, Santos DA, Morgado JP, Monteiro CP, Sousa M, Minderico CS, Rocha PM, St-Onge MP, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Characterization and Comparison of Nutritional Intake between Preparatory and Competitive Phase of Highly Trained Athletes. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E41. [PMID: 30344272 PMCID: PMC6122105 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: For a high level athlete, it is essential to ensure optimal energy as well as macro- and micro-nutrient and fluid intakes, in order to improve their performance during training and competition. Protein intake should be 1.2⁻2.1 g/kg/d, whereas the requirements for carbohydrate and fat intakes should be >5g/kg/d and 20⁻35% of energy, respectively. The micronutrient and fluid intakes in athletes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations, respectively. This study aimed to characterize and compare the nutritional habits of athletes at the preparatory and competitive phase, and to test if their nutritional intakes were in accordance with the recommendations. Materials and methods: A total of 276 professional athletes were assessed. To evaluate their nutritional intake, the athletes completed a 7 days food record. Under reporting was defined using a ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1.1. Body composition was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Almost half (49%) of the athletes from the final sample reported lower measured intakes of carbohydrates and 27% reported a higher consumption of proteins than what was recommended. In both the preparatory and competitive phases, the micronutrients with a higher mismatch between the actual and recommended intakes were vitamins D and E, magnesium, folate, calcium, and zinc for both sexes, and iron intake for females. A large proportion of athletes reported a lower water intake. Compared to the recommendations, males reported a higher intake of carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins E, calcium, and magnesium (p <0.05) in the competitive phase, while females reported a lower ingestion of water, vitamins A and D, and calcium (p <0.05) in the preparatory phase. Conclusions: Overall, in the preparatory and competitive phases of the season, athletes reported a macro- and micro-nutrient intake below the recommendations, especially in the female athletic population. Dietary intakes in athletes need to be optimized and adjusted to their requirements, according to sex and sport, so as to avoid compromising health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L Nunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Diana A Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - José P Morgado
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Cristina P Monteiro
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Sousa
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal.
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Paulo M Rocha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
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Junior BRA, Soares FLF, Ardila JA, Durango LGC, Forim MR, Carneiro RL. Determination of B-complex vitamins in pharmaceutical formulations by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:589-595. [PMID: 28779620 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to quantify B-complex vitamins in pharmaceutical samples by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique using gold colloid substrate. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles was performed according to an adapted Turkevich method. Initial essays were able to suggest the orientation of molecules on gold nanoparticles surface. Central Composite design was performed to obtain the highest SERS signal for nicotinamide and riboflavin. The evaluated parameters in the experimental design were volume of AuNPs, concentration of vitamins and sodium chloride concentration. The best condition for nicotinamide was NaCl 2.3×10-3molL-1 and 700μL of AuNPs colloid and this same condition showed to be adequate to quantify thiamine. The experimental design for riboflavin shows the best condition at NaCl 1.15×10-2molL-1 and 2.8mL of AuNPs colloid. It was possible to quantify thiamine and nicotinamide in presence of others vitamins and excipients in two solid multivitamin formulations using the standard addition procedure. The standard addition curve presented a R2 higher than 0.96 for both nicotinamide and thiamine, at orders of magnitude 10-7 and 10-8molL-1, respectively. The nicotinamide content in a cosmetic gel sample was also quantified by direct analysis presenting R2 0.98. The t-student test presented no significant difference regarding HPLC method. Despite the experimental design performed for riboflavin, it was not possible its quantification in the commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico Luis Felipe Soares
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Armando Ardila
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Guillermo Cuadrado Durango
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Regular exercise is essential for healthy aging and offers many health benefits, including reduced risk of all-cause mortality, chronic disease, and premature death. Because physical inactivity is prevalent, greater focus is needed on integrating exercise into care plans and counseling, and developing partnerships that support exercise opportunities. Older adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow. For substantial health benefits, older adults need to do aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and stretching exercises weekly, and balance activities as needed. Appropriate planning must take account of factors such as prescribed medications, nutrition, injuries, hip and knee arthroplasties, and chronic conditions.
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Zempo-Miyaki A, Maeda S, Otsuki T. Effect of Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake and serum vitamin B 2 concentration in young men. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:135-139. [PMID: 28955131 PMCID: PMC5612820 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a unicellular green alga that contains high levels of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The present study investigated the effects of a 4-week Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake and circulating vitamin B2 levels in healthy men. Thirty-four participants were randomly divided into two groups: placebo or Chlorella. Prior to the intervention, we observed that the intake of several minerals and soluble vitamins did not satisfy the nutrient requirements of either group by assessing the frequency of daily food intake. There was a significant negative relationship between the pre-intervention maximal oxygen uptake and serum vitamin B2 concentrations in all subjects (r = −0.372). Maximal oxygen uptake significantly increased after Chlorella supplementation (before vs after, 42.1 ± 1.5 vs 44.9 ± 1.6 ml/kg/min), while serum vitamin B2 concentrations did not (14.6 ± 0.9 vs 14.0 ± 0.9 µg/L). In conclusion, Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation increases maximal oxygen uptake in individuals with an insufficient micronutrient status, although there was no association between the increase in aerobic capacity and serum levels of vitamin B2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
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Verma A, Shete S, Kulkarni D, Bhogal RS. Effect of yoga practices on micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1254-1258. [PMID: 28744059 PMCID: PMC5509603 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was conducted with a view to find out the effect of yoga practices
on micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children. [Subjects and Methods]
The study population comprised 66 urban school children aged 11–15 years staying in a
residential school in Pune City, Maharashtra, India. A stratified random sampling method
was used to divide the students into experimental and control groups. There were 33
students in experimental group and 33 students in control group. Both experimental and
control groups were assessed for the status of zinc, copper, iron and magnesium at the
baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of yoga training. The study participants of
experimental group underwent yoga training for 12 weeks, for one hour in the morning for
six days a week. The control group did not undergo any yoga training during this time
period. [Results] The experimental group participants showed significant improvement in
micronutrient absorption as compared to control group. [Conclusion] The findings of this
study indicate that yoga practices could improve micronutrient absorption in urban
residential school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Verma
- Scientific Research Department, Kaivalyadhama, India
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Scientific Research Department, Kaivalyadhama, India
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38
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Impact of Exercise and Aging on Rat Urine and Blood Metabolome. An LC-MS Based Metabolomics Longitudinal Study. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7010010. [PMID: 28241477 PMCID: PMC5372213 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable condition leading to health deterioration and death. Regular physical exercise can moderate the metabolic phenotype changes of aging. However, only a small number of metabolomics-based studies provide data on the effect of exercise along with aging. Here, urine and whole blood samples from Wistar rats were analyzed in a longitudinal study to explore metabolic alterations due to exercise and aging. The study comprised three different programs of exercises, including a life-long protocol which started at the age of 5 months and ended at the age of 21 months. An acute exercise session was also evaluated. Urine and whole blood samples were collected at different time points and were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry). Based on their metabolic profiles, samples from trained and sedentary rats were differentiated. The impact on the metabolome was found to depend on the length of exercise period with acute exercise also showing significant changes. Metabolic alterations due to aging were equally pronounced in sedentary and trained rats in both urine and blood analyzed samples.
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39
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Wardenaar F, Brinkmans N, Ceelen I, Van Rooij B, Mensink M, Witkamp R, De Vries J. Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020142. [PMID: 28212284 PMCID: PMC5331573 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether athletes meet micronutrient recommendations and whether the adequacy of their intake is related to the use of dietary supplements, sport nutrition products or a combination. Micronutrient intakes of 553 Dutch (sub-) elite athletes were assessed using web-based 24-h dietary recalls with accompanying nutritional supplement questionnaires. In the majority of both users and non-users of dietary supplements, vitamin D intake was below the estimated average requirement (AR) if supplements were not included in the analysis. Including dietary supplements improved vitamin D intake, but still a part of the athletes, both men and women, reported an intake below the AR. Non-users of dietary supplements were particularly at risk for low intakes of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and vitamins A, C and selenium. Mean iron intake was reported below the AR in a substantial group of women, both users and non-users. The use of sport nutrition products contributed only slightly to micronutrient intake. A small prevalence of athletes using dietary supplements showed intakes of some micronutrients above the Upper Level. In conclusion, both users and non-users of nutritional supplements reported inadequate intake of micronutrients. For most micronutrients, use of nutritional supplements does not completely compensate for intakes below AR. Athletes should consider making better food choices and the daily use of a low-dosed multivitamin supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Wardenaar
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Sports and Exercise Studies, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Naomi Brinkmans
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Sports and Exercise Studies, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Ceelen
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Sports and Exercise Studies, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bo Van Rooij
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Sports and Exercise Studies, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeanne De Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Kaur K, Kumar R, Goel S, Uppal S, Bhatia A, Mehta SK. Physiochemical and cytotoxicity study of TPGS stabilized nanoemulsion designed by ultrasonication method. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:173-182. [PMID: 27773233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the present work was to prepare TPGS stabilized D-α-Tocopherol, lemon oil, tween-80, and water nanoemulsion by low cost and highly effective sonication method. The prepared nanoemulsion showed good stability for 60days at variable temperature conditions i.e. 4, 25 and 37°C. The tolerance of the prepared nanoemulsion to salt (50mM-500mM) and pH (pH 2-pH 7.4) was also studied. The morphology and droplet size of pure and quinine loaded nanoemulsion was characterized with transmission electron microscopy. The prepared formulation was transparent and the obtained average particle size ranged between 25nm and 35nm. The nanoemulsion was found to be non toxic. The cell viability study of pure nanoemulsion carried out on Hep G2 cells revealed that the cell viability was 100%. The formulation further exhibited high quinine loading and release capacity with cumulative release up to 76±2% and 65±2% at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 respectively. The interaction between quinine and vitamins (riboflavin, thiamine and biotin) was also carried out (aqueous medium). The study revealed that riboflavin had strong interaction with quinine and vitamins vis-à-vis thiamine and biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sumit Goel
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Shivani Uppal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Huskisson E, Maggini S, Ruf M. The Influence of Micronutrients on Cognitive Function and Performance. J Int Med Res 2016; 35:1-19. [PMID: 17408051 DOI: 10.1177/147323000703500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much media speculation (often sensationalist and conflicting) regarding the potential influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. Our aim was to identify the micronutrients specifically implicated in cognitive function and to review the literature to identify original sources underlying the media coverage. Literature searches were carried out to identify recent clinical trials, reviews, editorials and meetings describing the biochemical and physiological role of individual micronutrients. No attempt was made to grade the evidence. The searches confirmed that the water-soluble vitamins (B group and C), together with the minerals, calcium, magnesium and zinc, are most relevant to cognitive performance. Clinical evidence revealed that marginal deficiencies of one or more of these micronutrients are not uncommon, even in the developed countries, and that such deficiencies may affect cognitive performance, especially in vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those individuals who are exposed to occupational pressures and a stressful lifestyle.
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Hussain S, Malik AH, Iyer PK. FRET-assisted selective detection of flavins via cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte under physiological conditions. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4439-4446. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte PMI performs ppb level detection and discrimination of flavins (RF, FMN and FAD) in aqueous media as well as in biological medium like serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Akhtar Hussain Malik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
- Centre for Nanotechnology
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43
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Veasey RC, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Kennedy DO, Wishart K, Maggini S, Fuchs CJ, Stevenson EJ. The Effects of Supplementation with a Vitamin and Mineral Complex with Guaraná Prior to Fasted Exercise on Affect, Exertion, Cognitive Performance, and Substrate Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2015; 7:6109-27. [PMID: 26225993 PMCID: PMC4555111 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise undertaken in a fasted state can lead to higher post-exercise mental fatigue. The administration of a vitamin and mineral complex with guaraná (MVM + G) has been shown to attenuate mental fatigue and improve performance during cognitively demanding tasks. This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, balanced cross-over study examined the effect of MVM + G consumed prior to morning exercise on cognitive performance, affect, exertion, and substrate metabolism. Forty active males (age 21.4 ± 3.0 year; body mass index (BMI) 24.0 ± 2.4 kg/m2; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 57.6 ± 7.3 mL/min/kg) completed two main trials, consuming either MVM + G or placebo prior to a 30-min run at 60% V̇O2max. Supplementation prior to exercise led to a small but significant reduction in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during exercise compared to the placebo. The MVM + G combination also led to significantly increased accuracy of numeric working memory and increased speed of picture recognition, compared to the placebo. There were no significant effects of supplementation on any other cognitive or mood measures or on substrate metabolism during exercise. These findings demonstrate that consuming a vitamin and mineral complex containing guaraná, prior to exercise, can positively impact subsequent memory performance and reduce perceived exertion during a moderate-intensity run in active males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Veasey
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Crystal F Haskell-Ramsay
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - David O Kennedy
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Karl Wishart
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Maggini
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Caspar J Fuchs
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Abstract
Measures of B6 status are categorized as direct biomarkers and as functional biomarkers. Direct biomarkers measure B6 vitamers in plasma/serum, urine and erythrocytes, and among these plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is most commonly used. Functional biomarkers include erythrocyte transaminase activities and, more recently, plasma levels of metabolites involved in PLP-dependent reactions, such as the kynurenine pathway, one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration (cystathionine), and glycine decarboxylation (serine and glycine). Vitamin B6 status is best assessed by using a combination of biomarkers because of the influence of potential confounders, such as inflammation, alkaline phosphatase activity, low serum albumin, renal function, and inorganic phosphate. Ratios between substrate-products pairs have recently been investigated as a strategy to attenuate such influence. These efforts have provided promising new markers such as the PAr index, the 3-hydroxykynurenine:xanthurenic acid ratio, and the oxoglutarate:glutamate ratio. Targeted metabolic profiling or untargeted metabolomics based on mass spectrometry allow the simultaneous quantification of a large number of metabolites, which are currently evaluated as functional biomarkers, using data reduction statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
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Kim YN, Choi JY, Cho YO. Regular moderate exercise training can alter the urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:43-8. [PMID: 25671067 PMCID: PMC4317479 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Physical exercise promotes energy producing pathways requiring thiamin and riboflavin as a coenzyme. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of regular exercise training on urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin. MATERIALS/METHODS Fifty rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The rats performed moderate exercise on a treadmill (0.5-0.8 km/hour) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected at the end of the 0 week, 3rd week, and 5th week of training and thiamin and riboflavin were analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences in thiamin and riboflavin intakes for each week were observed between the NT and ET groups. Urinary thiamin excretion of each group was the highest at the 5th week compared to the levels at 0 and 3rd week. Urinary thiamin at the 5th week was significantly lower in the ET group than in the NT group. Urinary riboflavin excretion was increased by training duration, however, no difference was observed between NT and ET for each week. At 0 and 3rd week, no significant relationships were observed between dietary intake and urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin, however, at the 5th week, urinary excretion was significantly increased by dietary intake only in the NT group (P < 0.05). Thiamin excretion of both NT and ET groups was significantly increased with riboflavin excretion at the 5th week (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Regular moderate exercise training increased urinary excretion of thiamin. Dietary intakes and urinary excretions of thiamin and riboflavin showed positive correlation in both the exercise training and non-exercise training groups as the exercise training period went by, while the correlations in the exercise training group were weaker than those in the non-exercise training group. Therefore, regular exercise training can alter the urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nam Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
| | - Youn-Ok Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyangro 114 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 132-714, Korea
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46
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Choi SK, Baek SH, Choi SW. The effects of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during exercise. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013; 17:189-98. [PMID: 25566430 PMCID: PMC4241913 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the effect of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during the exercise. Each nine students from K Women's University went through three cross-over treatments: placebo treatment, training treatment and thiamine treatment. Training treatment was performed with bicycle ergometer exercise for four weeks (five days per week). Each exercise was performed for an hour with intensity set at 70% (50rpm) of maximal oxygen uptake. Thiamine treatment group was given 10mg of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide per one kilogram for four weeks. The bicycle ergometer exercise was performed at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake in exercise intensity which 60 minutes of exercise was performed at 50rpm . Lactate concentration was significantly decreased during 15 to 30 minutes of exercise for those with training treatment and 15 to 60 minutes of exercise for those with thiamine treatment compared to placebo treatment group. Ammonia concentration was significantly decreased during 15 to 60 minutes of exercise and 15 to 30 minutes of recovery for those with training and thiamine treatment compared to placebo treatment. Resting blood thiamine concentrations of placebo treatment were significantly lower than training treatment. 60 minutes after the exercise, plasma thiamine concentration was significantly increased in all treatment group. To sum up the previous, thiamine intake during exercise positively benefits carbohydrate metabolism in a way that will decrease lactate concentration, ammonia concentration, and anti- fatigue by reducing the RPE. Therefore, we can consider thiamine intake to be utilized as similar benefits as endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Keun Choi
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungin Women's University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hui Baek
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Choi
- Department of Sports and Leisure, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Park SB, Georgiades A. Changes in body composition predict homocysteine changes and hyperhomocysteinemia in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1015-20. [PMID: 23853483 PMCID: PMC3708071 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.7.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in Korea. Hyperhomocysteinemia confers an independent risk for CVD comparable to the risk of smoking and hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of cardiovascular risk factors and body composition change on homocysteine (Hcy) levels in Korean men and women. The association between body composition and Hcy levels was investigated in a 2-yr prospective cohort study of 2,590 Koreans (mean age 45.5±9.6 yr). There were 293 cases of hyperhomocysteinemia (>14 µM/L) at follow-up. Increases in total body fat proportion and decreases in lean body mass (LBM) were significantly associated with increases in Hcy concentration after controlling for confounding factors. Further adjustments for behavioral factors showed that decreases in LBM were associated with Hcy increase. Decrease in LBM also predicted hyperhomocysteinemia at follow-up, after controlling for confounding factors. There was no significant association between change in body mass index (BMI) and Hcy concentrations over time. Hcy changes over time were related to change in LBM and body fat content, whereas BMI or weight change did not predict change in Hcy levels. Changes in ratio of LBM to total fat mass may contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sat Byul Park
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Anastasia Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Malara M, Hübner-Wozniak E, Lewandowska I. Assessment of intake and nutritional status of vitamin b1, b2, and b6 in men and women with different physical activity levels. Biol Sport 2013; 30:117-23. [PMID: 24744477 PMCID: PMC3944584 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1044430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutritional status of vitamin B1, B2, and B6 in respect to dietary intake of these vitamins and activity coefficients of the erythrocyte enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartic aminotransferase in young men and women with different physical activity levels. The participants of this study were 20 women and 20 men with high physical activity (groups HAW and HAM, respectively), and 20 women and 20 men with low physical activity (groups LAW and LAM, respectively). The intake of vitamins B1, B2, B6, proteins, and calorie content of the diet was based on the average of the 4-day dietary recalls. To assess nutritional status of vitamin B1, B2, and B6, the activity coefficients (α) of erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR), and erythrocyte aspartic aminotransferase (EAST) were estimated in blood hemolysates. The intake of the studied vitamins in the diet was statistically significantly lower in the female groups compared with the respective male groups. Deficiency of vitamin B6 in the diet was present more often in women than in men (in terms of the recommended dietary allowances [RDA]). Values of the activity coefficient αETK indicated that none of the groups in this study suffered the risk of vitamin B1 deficiency. The value of the activity coefficient αEGR indicated that the groups of women and men with low physical activity were more prone to vitamin B2 deficiency compared with the high physical activity groups. The risk of vitamin B6 deficiency (αEAST) in both male groups was higher than in both female groups. The obtained results do not allow for unequivocal determination of the impact of sex and the level of physical activity on intake and nutritional status of vitamin B1, B2, and B6. Independently of sex and the level of physical activity, the women and men consumed insufficient quantities of vitamins B1 and B6, although this was not always related to increased values of corresponding activity coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malara
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Hübner-Wozniak
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Lewandowska
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Bojanić Z, Bojanić N, Bojanić V, Lazović M. DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH DIAZEPAM. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2011. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2011.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin B(6) (VB(6)) is a water-soluble vitamin, which is important for the normal functioning of multiple organ systems. It is metabolized to the active molecule pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP). Oxalic acid (OA) is thought to be a uremic toxin that participates in the pathogenesis of the uremic syndrome. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to evaluate the plasma and erythrocyte VB(6) (effect of PLP; effect of PLP was in indirect relationship with the concentration of erythrocyte VB(6)), and plasma and urinary OA in marathon runners, in patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria, and in patients with stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome (CGNS); (2) to examine the influence of water diuresis in healthy subjects, and the influence of sodium diuresis (high sodium intake) and an intravenous administration of furosemide on the urinary excretion of VB(6) and OA in CKD stage 3-4 patients; and (3) to evaluate the influence of erythropoietin treatment on erythrocyte VB(6) (effect of PLP) in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the influence of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy on plasma VB(6) and OA and their peritoneal clearance and transfer. DESIGN AND SETTING This study was conducted at the Nephrological Clinic of L. Pasteur Faculty Hospital and of Medical School of P. J. Safarik University. A combination of 29 marathon runners, 15 patients with CG and NS, 11 patients with AIP, 1 patient with variegate porphyria, 15 healthy subjects, 27 CKD stage 3-4 patients, 30 HD, and 27 CAPD patients were used in the study. RESULTS After a marathon run, plasma and erythrocyte VB(6) significantly decreased and plasma OA increased. Plasma (15.5 +/- 3.8 nmol/L) and erythrocyte VB(6) (effect of PLP: 42.1% +/- 7.5%) were decreased and plasma OA (9.8 +/- 2.3 micromol/L) was significantly elevated in patients with CGNS and stage 1 CKD. In patients with AIP, deficiency of plasma (24.3 +/- 5.2 nmol/L) and erythrocyte VB(6) (effect of PLP: 46.2% +/- 7.0%) and hyperoxalemia (9.39 +/- 2.5 micromol/L) were present. The urinary excretion of VB(6) and of OA during maximal water diuresis and after intravenous administration of furosemide increased significantly (P < .01), but was not affected by the high intake of NaCl (P > .05). Erythropoietin treatment in HD patients led to the erythrocyte VB(6) deficiency. This finding is an indirect evidence that erythrocyte VB(6) is consumed by the hemoglobin synthesis much more during EPO treatment. In CAPD patients, plasma value of VB(6) (127.3 +/- 66.9 micromol/L) was in the normal range and plasma OA (23.6 +/- 7.4 micromol/L) was significantly elevated. Mean value of peritoneal clearance of VB(6) was 8.8% and of OA was 76.9% of urea clearance. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that deficiency of VB(6) led to hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria in patients with CKD. Deficiency of VB(6) in CKD stage 4-5 patients potentiates the uremic hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mydlík
- IVth Internal Clinic, Hospital of L. Pasteur, Medical School of P. J. Safárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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