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ALSolami AA, Almalki AA, Alhedyan SY, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani SM, Dause WR, Hamdi FA, Howladar MT, Ibrahim IA. Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40357. [PMID: 37456428 PMCID: PMC10339662 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic renal disease or failure are at a heightened risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a predominant cause of death in this population. Hyperhomocysteinemia is prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which may increase their susceptibility to CVD. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2003 and February 2023, using a combination of keywords such as "plasma homocysteine levels," "hyperhomocysteinemia," "end-stage renal disease," "renal failure," "kidney failure," "cardiovascular events," "cardiovascular disease," "myocardial infarction," "coronary artery disease," and "stroke." Our inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the association between total homocysteine (Hcy) level and CVD or total mortality, as well as the impact of vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular or mortality risk. We restricted our search to English-language studies that included ESRD patients and provided data on plasma Hcy levels and associated CVD events. RESULTS This systematic review includes 11 articles published between 2003 and 2023 that enrolled a total of 3,953 subjects, of whom 79.15% were male patients. All studies included in the review were either quantitative randomized trials or non-randomized studies, such as cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control studies. Of the total studies included, 10 reported either cardiovascular mortality or CVD events, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), angina, and stroke. One study reported the CVD risk score of the patients, and most of them had higher total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. Overall, a total of 817 CVD events were reported across the studies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the relationship between Hcy and cardiovascular events in ESRD patients is not straightforward and requires further research. However, our review suggests that Hcy could be a predictor of cardiovascular events in this population, and its nutritional characteristics as well as other associated comorbidities may contribute to its inverse association with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesam R Dause
- Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fahad A Hamdi
- Cardiology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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2
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Rouhani P, Amoushahi M, Keshteli AH, Saneei P, Afshar H, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Dietary riboflavin intake in relation to psychological disorders in Iranian adults: an observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5152. [PMID: 36991113 PMCID: PMC10060244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings of earlier investigations on association between dietary riboflavin intake and psychological disorders are contradictory. Therefore, the relation between dietary riboflavin intake and depression, anxiety, and psychological distress was assessed in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of 3362 middle-aged adults were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of riboflavin for each participant was calculated by summing up the amount of riboflavin contents of all foods and dishes. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), as validated questionnaires among Iranians, have been applied to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. After considering potential confounders, adults in the top energy-adjusted quartile of riboflavin intake, compared to the bottom quartile, had decreased odds of depression (OR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49, 0.88), anxiety (OR = 0.64; 95%CI 0.44, 0.94) and high psychological distress (OR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.48, 0.89). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that men in the forth quartile of riboflavin intake, compared with those in the first quartile, had respectively 51 and 55% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.29, 0.83) and anxiety (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.21, 0.95). In women, riboflavin intake was significantly associated with lower odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.46, 0.98). An inverse relation was observed between dietary riboflavin intake and chance of psychological disorders in Iranian adults. High intake of riboflavin decreased the chance of depression and anxiety in men and high psychological distress in women. More prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rouhani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amoushahi
- Department of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Santos JDGD, Souza FISD, Faria JCP, Sawamura LS, Gessullo ADV, Sarni ROS. Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:285-290. [PMID: 36722654 PMCID: PMC9983467 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe homocysteine concentrations in overweight and obese children and adolescents and relate them to blood pressure levels, renal function, and insulin resistance. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and observational study with 64 overweight children and adolescents (mean age: 11.6±3.5 years) in outpatient follow-up. The following parameters were evaluated: body mass index z-score, waist-to-height circumference ratio, pubertal stage, blood pressure, serum homocysteine, glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, renal function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, and creatinuria. Statistical analysis: analysis of variance and logistic regression (dependent variable: homocysteine) (p<0.05). RESULTS The mean body mass index z-score was 2.9±1.1. The mean homocysteine concentrations were 8.6±2.2 μmol/L (10th and 90th percentiles: 6.6 and 11.2 μmol/L, respectively), with no difference when compared with children with severe obesity and obesity/overweight (p=0.431). High values of waist-to-height ratio (93.8%), systolic blood pressure (18.8%), diastolic blood pressure (12.5%), glycemia (4.7%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.1%), triglycerides (35.9%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (34.4%), and microalbuminuria (21.9%) were obtained. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 122.9±24.6 mL/min/1.73 m². Homocysteine concentrations were not associated with any of the studied variables (R²=0.095). CONCLUSION Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents (mean 8.6±2.2 μmol/L) were not associated with body mass index z-score, blood pressure, renal function, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - João Carlos Pina Faria
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Nove de Julho, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Luciana Satiko Sawamura
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Department of Pediatrics - São Caetano do Sul (SP), Brazil
| | - Anelise Del Vecchio Gessullo
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Pediatrics - Santo André (SP), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pediatrics - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Yang Y, Zeng Y, Yuan S, Xie M, Dong Y, Li J, He Q, Ye X, Lv Y, Hocher CF, Kraemer BK, Hong X, Hocher B. Prevalence and risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia: a population-based cross-sectional study from Hunan, China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048575. [PMID: 34872994 PMCID: PMC8650492 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia, especially modifiable lifestyle factors, such as smoking behaviour and dietary factors. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Hunan Province, China PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4012 participants completed the study, between July 2013 and March 2014. The median age is 55 (interquartile range: 45-63) years, with 1644 males (41%) and 2368 females (59%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Homocysteine level were measured by the microplate enzyme immunoassay method. Hyperthomocysteinemia was defined as ≥15 µmol/L. Questionnaire was used to investigate potential risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia. Crude odd ratio (OR) or adjusted OR with 95% CI were determined by using univariable or multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is 35.4% (45.4% vs 28.5% for men, women, respectively). One-year increase in age is significantly associated with 2% higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.03). One unit increase of BMI is associated with 5% higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.07). Compared with the non-smoker, smoking participants have a 24% higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.006 to 1.53), while the risk for those quitting smoking are not significantly different (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.54). compared with those consuming fruit and vegetable at least once every day, those consuming less than once every day had a significantly higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=1.29, 95% CI:1.11 to 1.50). In addition, we found there were significant sex interaction with education level or alcohol drinking on the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (pinteraction <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI and older age are potential risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia. Current smoking but not quitting smoking is associated with higher risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. Fruit and vegetable consumption may have protective effect against hyperhomocysteinemia. Alcohol consumption or education level might interact to influence the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuqian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quanyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Carl-Friedrich Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Kraemer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Rai V, Kumar P. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) gene C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism and risk of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:212-225. [PMID: 33709025 PMCID: PMC7940109 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. Numerous studies investigated association between MTHFR gene C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism and alcohol dependence (AD), but the results of this association remain conflicting. Accordingly, authors conducted a meta-analysis to further investigate such an association. PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct and Springer Link databases were searched for studies on the association between the MTHFRC677T polymorphism and AD. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the fixed- or random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program MetaAnayst and MIX.A total of 11 articles were identified through a search of electronic databases, up to February 28, 2020. The results of the present meta-analysis did not show any association between MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and AD risk (for T vs. C: OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.88-1.24; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.62-1.68; for TT+CT vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.29; for TT vs. CC: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.66-1.51; for TT vs. CT+CC: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66-1.40). Results of subgroup analysis showed no significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism with AD in Asian as well as in Caucasian population. In conclusion, C677T polymorphism is not a risk factor for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, UP, India
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6
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The Relation between Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Grace Score. MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL 2020; 54:346-350. [PMID: 33312034 PMCID: PMC7729712 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2018.77864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the correlation between homocysteine levels in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and GRACE Score. Methods This study included 191 cases -140 Non-ST MI cases and 51 MI with ST-elevation cases in Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Coronary Intensive Care Unit between December 2008 and March 2010. Homocysteine was measured by immulite 2000 device, using kemiluminesans method and competitive immunoassay principle and a kit by DPC was used during the measurement. The reference range given by the producing company was between 5-15 Mmol/L for male and female adults. The patients were classified into three risk groups as low, medium and high on the basis of the criteria identified in GRACE risk score: age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, serum creatine levels, Killip classification, cardiac arrest on admission, increased cardiac enzymes and ST segment depression. The relation between homocysteine levels in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and GRACE risk score was evaluated. Results In the Non-ST MI group, a statistically-moderate positive correlation was seen between homocysteine and GRACE risk score during the study (p<0.05). However, in the MI with ST-elevation group, no correlation was found between homocysteine and GRACE risk score (p>0.05). Overall, despite the low figures, a meaningful positive relation was observed between homocysteine and GRACE risk score in all cases. Conclusion Homocysteine is independent of other classic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we believe that routine plasma homocysteine levels should be checked when evaluating risk factors for Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery disease.
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Moradi M, Daneshzad E, Najafabadi MM, Bellissimo N, Suitor K, Azadbakht L. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and renal function biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients with nephropathy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:156-163. [PMID: 33183530 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the relationship between a Mediterranean diet (Med diet) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been widely established, no reports exist regarding this association in patients with Diabetes Nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to determine the association between level of adherence to a Med diet and renal and CVD risk factors among patients with DN. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS The current study was conducted in 270 patients with DN. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. The Med diet score was determined based on the eight characteristics of a traditional Med diet. Anthropometrics, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), triacylglycerol (TG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected using standard methods. Kidney function was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS In fully-adjusted models, high serum TC and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were reduced in participants that demonstrated a greater adherence to a Med diet, but did not reach statistical significance (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01, 5.52; P = 0.299; OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.36; P = 0.667). Waist circumference (WC) was non-significantly lower in male participants (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.27, 3.05; P = 0.889). Greater compliance with a Med diet showed a non-significant reduced risk for increased bodyweight (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.23, 2.85; P = 0.730) and obesity (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.03, 6.06; P = 0.493). CONCLUSION Adherence to a Med diet was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors and renal function among patients with Diabetes Nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Moradi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mortazavi Najafabadi
- Kidney Diseases Research Center and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Huang Y, Wu K, Li H, Zhou J, Xiong D, Huang X, Li J, Liu Y, Pan Z, Mitchell DT, Wu F, Zhang XY. Homocysteine level, body mass index and clinical correlates in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16119. [PMID: 32999343 PMCID: PMC7527556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is common comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) is increased in schizophrenia. However, no study has reported the association between BMI and Hcy levels in schizophrenia. This cross-sectional naturalistic study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI, Hcy and clinical symptoms in Chinese Han patients with chronic schizophrenia. Clinical and anthropometric data as well as plasma Hcy level and glycolipid parameters were collected. Psychopathology was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Our results showed that compared with the low BMI group, the high BMI group had a higher PANSS general psychopathology subscore, higher levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (all p < 0.05). Hcy levels were negatively associated with BMI in patients (p < 0.001). Hcy level, the PANSS general psychopathology subscale, total cholesterol and education (all p < 0.05) were the influencing factors of high BMI. Our study suggest that Hcy level may be associated with BMI in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, patients with high BMI show more severe clinical symptoms and higher glucose and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - David T Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Balbino KP, Juvanhol LL, Wendling AL, Marota LD, Costa JBS, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Dietary intake, clinical-nutritional status, and homocysteine in hemodialysis subjects: the mediating role of inflammation (NUGE-HD study). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:845-850. [PMID: 32680432 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inflammation mediates the associations among food intake, clinical-nutritional status, and plasma homocysteine (Hcys) in hemodialysis (HD) subjects. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data on 129 subjects undergoing HD (58.9% male, 61.8 ± 15.5 years of age) from the cohort Nutrition and Genetics on HD outcomes (NUGE-HD study). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and metabolic data were collected, and food intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as an inflammatory marker. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Regarding the direct effects, complex B vitamin intake was negatively associated with body mass index, and diabetes mellitus was positively associated with CRP. Plasma CRP also showed a negative association with Hcys, and the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake showed a positive association with Hcys. Regarding indirect effects, the results showed that the relationship between the presence of diabetes mellitus and Hcys is mediated by plasma CRP. In conclusion, the ratio of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids had a direct effect on plasma Hcys, whereas inflammation had a direct and mediating effect on the relationship between Hcys and diabetes mellitus in HD subjects. Novelty In end-stage renal disease, CRP influences plasma Hcys directly and also indirectly through its mediating effect. The quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids influence plasma Hcys concentrations in HD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pereira Balbino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Lage Wendling
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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Jones P, Lucock M, Martin C, Thota R, Garg M, Yates Z, Scarlett CJ, Veysey M, Beckett E. Independent and Interactive Influences of Environmental UVR, Vitamin D Levels, and Folate Variant MTHFD1-rs2236225 on Homocysteine Levels. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1455. [PMID: 32443475 PMCID: PMC7284830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are a risk factor for vascular diseases. Recently, increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been linked to decreased Hcy levels. This relationship may be mediated by the status of UVR-responsive vitamins, vitamin D and folate, and/or genetic variants influencing their levels; however, this has yet to be examined. Therefore, the independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR, vitamin D and folate levels and related genetic variants on Hcy levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 619). Red blood cell folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and plasma Hcy levels were determined, and genotyping for 21 folate and vitamin D-related variants was performed. Erythemal dose rate accumulated over six-weeks (6W-EDR) and four-months (4M-EDR) prior to clinics were calculated as a measure of environmental UVR. Multivariate analyses found interactions between 6W-EDR and 25(OH)D levels (pinteraction = 0.002), and 4M-EDR and MTHFD1-rs2236225 (pinteraction = 0.006) in predicting Hcy levels. The association between 6W-EDR and Hcy levels was found only in subjects within lower 25(OH)D quartiles (<33.26 ng/mL), with the association between 4M-EDR and Hcy occurring only in subjects carrying the MTHFD1-rs2236225 variant. 4M-EDR, 6W-EDR, and MTHFD1-rs2236225 were also independent predictors of Hcy. Findings highlight nutrient-environment and gene-environment interactions that could influence the risk of Hcy-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Biochemical and Hematological Correlates of Elevated Homocysteine in National Surveys and a Longitudinal Study of Urban Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040950. [PMID: 32235453 PMCID: PMC7230768 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood homocysteine (Hcy) among middle-aged adults can increase age-related disease risk, possibly through other biochemical and hematological markers. We selected markers for hyperhomocysteinemia among middle-aged adults, studied time-dependent Hcy-marker associations and computed highly predictive indices of hyperhomocysteinemia, with cross-sectional and longitudinal validations. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, phase 2, nmax = 4000), the NHANES 1999–2006 (nmax = 10,151) and pooled NHANES (cross-sectional validation). Longitudinal validation consisted of mixed-effects linear regression models (Hcy predicting markers’ annual rates of change), applied to the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS, n = 227–244 participants, k = 2.4 repeats/participant, Agebase: 30–65 years) data. Machine learning detected nine independent markers for Hcy > 14 µmol/L (NHANES III, phase 2): older age; lower folate and B-12 status; higher serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, and cotinine; mean cell hemoglobin and red cell distribution widths (RDW); results replicated in the 1999–2006 NHANES [AUC = 0.60–0.80]. Indices combining binary markers increased elevated Hcy odds by 6.9–7.5-fold. In HANDLS, first-visit Hcy predicted annual increase in creatinine, RDW and alkaline phosphatase, with third-visit index (2013–2018) directly predicting Hcy (2004–2009). We provide evidence of the internal and external validity of indices composed of several biomarkers that are strongly associated with elevated Hcy.
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Environmental UVR Levels and Skin Pigmentation Gene Variants Associated with Folate and Homocysteine Levels in an Elderly Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051545. [PMID: 32121219 PMCID: PMC7084217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a ubiquitous exposure which may contribute to decreased folate levels. Skin pigmentation mediates the biological effect of UVR exposure, but its relationship to folate levels is unexamined. Interactions may exist between UVR and pigmentation genes in determining folate status, which may, in turn, impact homocysteine levels, a potential risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Therefore, independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR and genetic variants related to skin pigmentation (MC1R-rs1805007, IRF4-rs12203592 and HERC2-rs12913832) on folate (red blood cell (RBC) and serum) and homocysteine levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 599). Genotypes were assessed by RT/RFLP-PCR, and UVR exposures were assessed as the accumulated erythemal dose rate accumulated over 4 months (4M-EDR). Multivariate analysis found significant negative associations between 4M-EDR and RBC folate (p < 0.001, β = −0.19), serum folate (p = 0.045, β = −0.08) and homocysteine levels (p < 0.001, β = −0.28). Significant associations between MC1R-rs1805007 and serum folate levels (p = 0.020), and IRF4-rs12203592 and homocysteine levels (p = 0.026) occurred but did not remain significant following corrections with confounders. No interactions between 4M-EDR and pigmentation variants in predicting folate/homocysteine levels were found. UVR levels and skin pigmentation-related variants are potential determinants of folate and homocysteine status, although, associations are mixed and complex, with further studies warranted.
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Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9210261. [PMID: 32420383 PMCID: PMC7201487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.
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Wang T, Xu G, Cai X, Gong J, Xie Q, Xie L. Association of homocysteine with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in a southern Chinese population. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9709-9718. [PMID: 31711045 PMCID: PMC6874429 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether plasma homocysteine levels were associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a golden standard of arterial stiffness, in a population from southern China. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 713 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from February 2016 to August 2017. They were divided into four groups based on gender-specific quartile of homocysteine levels. Age, cfPWV, uric acid levels, and percentage of hypertension increased with ascending quartiles. The duration of hypertension and systolic blood pressure were higher in the highest quartile than in the lowest quartile. Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate regression showed a correlation of homocysteine levels with cfPWV. A nearly twofold increased risk of cfPWV ≥10 m/s was observed in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile (in the highest quartile: odds ratio = 2.917, 95% confidence interval: 1.635-5.202, P < 0.001). After stratification, this correlation was present in both sexes, in patients aged over 65 years, and those with hypertension. The plasma homocysteine levels were independently associated with cfPWV in the population from southern China, especially in the elderly and those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyan Xu
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Cai
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gong
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunfang Xie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China
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Sung SH, Kim NH, Hong SP, Lee JK, Choi SJ. Associations of Metabolic Syndrome with Total Testosterone and Homocysteine Levels in Male Korean Workers. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:158-168. [PMID: 31257744 PMCID: PMC6599909 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and homocysteine (Hcy) is elevated in individuals with MetS. We investigated the relationships of total testosterone (TT) and serum Hcy levels with MetS in male Korean workers. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 8,606 male workers, aged 20 to 58 years, who underwent a physical examination in 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the criteria of the 2009 harmonized definition, while the Korean standard for waist circumference (WC) was used. Participants' biochemical parameters, including TT and serum Hcy, were measured, and participants were divided into quartiles. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of MetS and its individual components depending on TT and serum Hcy quartiles. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS in the study population was 16%. TT was lower in participants with MetS than in those without MetS (P<0.001). By contrast, Hcy level was similar between groups (P=0.694). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for the lowest TT quartile was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.57) after adjusting for potential confounders. Participants with lower TT were more likely to have high WC, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high density lipoprotein levels. Serum Hcy levels were not significantly associated with MetS. Of the five components of MetS, only WC was significantly associated with serum Hcy. CONCLUSION In male Korean workers, TT may be an independent predictor of MetS, and serum Hcy levels could be a marker of abdominal obesity. However, future prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hee Sung
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Pyo Hong
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Keun Lee
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Jin Choi
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Korea.
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Triantafyllou AI, Farmakis DT, Lampropoulos KM, Karkalousos PL, Triantafyllou EA, Papingiotis G, Megalou A, Karpanou EA. Impact of β-thalassemia trait carrier state on inflammatory status in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:284-289. [PMID: 30865135 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-thalassemia carrier state or thalassemia minor confers cardiovascular protection through favorable lipidemic and blood pressure profile. However, its impact on inflammatory status-a common denominator of the above conditions-has not been addressed. METHODS We investigated a wide range of inflammatory markers [white blood cell (WBC) count, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and uric acid] in a large cohort of 15 805 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients (8299 men, 7506 women); 626 of them (4.0%) had thalassemia minor. RESULTS The levels of WBC, homocysteine, CRP, SAA, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 were significantly lower in thalassemia minor patients, but not of plasminogen, fibronectin, and uric acid. In multivariate linear regression analyses, the lower values of WBC (<0.001), CRP (<0.001), homocysteine (<0.001), fibrinogen (<0.001), and PAI-1 (0.008), but not of SAA, were independently associated with thalassemia minor. The interaction between thalassemia minor and body mass index had a significant impact only on WBC and CRP (P for the interaction 0.010 and 0.005, respectively), whereas the interaction between thalassemia minor and sex had a significant impact only on fibrinogen (P for the interaction 0.007). CONCLUSION Thalassemia minor is followed by a favorable inflammatory profile that may contribute to the overall better cardiovascular health of the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios T Farmakis
- Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.,University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Petros L Karkalousos
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Eva A Karpanou
- First Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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17
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Ni J, Liu Y, Zhou T, Wu X, Wang X. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Key One-Carbon Metabolism Genes and Their Association with Blood Folate and Homocysteine Levels in a Chinese Population in Yunnan. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:193-198. [PMID: 29451408 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for DNA synthesis and methylation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within OCM genes may affect folic acid (FA) metabolism, disrupt homocysteine (Hcy) homeostasis, and increase the risk of disease. This study investigated the relationship between SNPs in key OCM genes and their association with blood FA and Hcy levels in a healthy population in Yunnan, China. METHODS Six SNPs within five key OCM genes (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MS A2756G, MTRR A66G, CBS T833C, and SHMT C1420T) were genotyped in 300 healthy volunteers (148 males and 152 females) using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. Blood folate [serum FA (SFA) and red blood cell folate (RBC FA)] and Hcy levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassays and enzymatic assays. RESULTS Subjects with the MTHFR 677TT genotype had significantly higher Hcy levels and RBC FA concentrations compared with those harboring the MTHFR 677CC/CT genotypes (p < 0.01). Both Hcy and blood FA concentrations were also increased in subjects with MS 2756AA, as well as those within CBS 833TT, when compared with those with MS 2756AG/GG (p < 0.05) and CBS 833TC/CC (p < 0.05) genotypes, respectively. Subjects harboring the combined genotype of MTHFR 677TT and MS 2756AA had a higher Hcy concentration than those carrying other MTHFR and MS combinations (p = 0.002). Similarly, subjects harboring the combination of CBS 833TT with MTHFR 677TT had higher Hcy concentrations than those harboring other CBS and MTHFR combinations (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The genotypes involving the MTHFR C677T, MS A2756G, and CBS T833C polymorphisms, including combinations of these genotypes, were the most important factors associated with blood FA and Hcy levels of the investigated SNPs in the OCM genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ni
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaoxian Liu
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiayu Wu
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China .,2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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18
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Al-Bayyari N, Hamadneh J, Hailat R, Hamadneh S. Total homocysteine is positively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat mass among overweight reproductive women: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2017; 48:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Oliva F, Coppola M, Mondola R, Ascheri D, Cuniberti F, Nibbio G, Picci RL. Blood homocysteine concentration and mood disorders with mixed features among patients with alcohol use disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:181. [PMID: 28494779 PMCID: PMC5427552 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood homocysteine concentration (BHC) is higher in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous studies have found a relationship between depressive symptoms severity and BHC in AUD patients and recently some authors have found high BHC among patients with bipolar disorder, both during manic and depressive episodes and in euthymic state. However, BHC in patients with mixed mood episode has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the BHC of patients with AUD and mixed mood episode. METHODS A sample of AUD outpatients was assessed by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus): those with a DSM-IV-TR mood disorder with mixed features were included in the MIXED group (n = 45), whereas those without mood episode were gathered in the NO MOOD group (n = 23). Two subgroups, MIXMANIA and MIXDEPRESSION, were formed according to the prevalence of manic or depressive symptoms, assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS). The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to appraise the AUD. BHC was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. RESULTS The MIXED group showed greater severity of both depressive (26.35 ± 9.96 vs. 4.77 ± 0.92; p < 0.001) and manic (22.35 ± 3.30 vs. 6.14 ± 1.12; p < 0.001) symptoms, and higher BHC (28.80 ± 11.47 vs. 10.83 ± 2.81; p < 0.001), than the NO MOOD group. BHC was strongly correlated to the HDRS, YMRS and AUDIT scores, just as HDRS was to YMRS, and AUDIT was to both HDRS and YMRS, in the MIXED group only (p < 0.001). The MIXDEPRESSION subgroup showed higher BHC than the MIXMANIA subgroup (Mdn = 42.96, IQR = 10.44 vs. Mdn = 19.77, IQR = 5.93; p < 0.001). A linear regression model conducted on the MIXED group found a significant predictive value for BHC of both HDRS (β = 0.560, t = 2.43, p = 0.026) and AUDIT (β = 0.348, t = 2.17, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms seem to be mainly implicated in the BHC elevation among patients with both mixed features mood disorder and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Coppola
- 0000 0004 1755 6398grid.476863.8Addiction Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN2, Alba, CN Italy
| | | | - Daniele Ascheri
- 0000 0001 2336 6580grid.7605.4Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO Italy
| | - Francesco Cuniberti
- 0000 0001 2336 6580grid.7605.4Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- 0000 0001 2336 6580grid.7605.4Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO Italy
| | - Rocco Luigi Picci
- 0000 0001 2336 6580grid.7605.4Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO Italy
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Qin YY, Wang P, Qin JQ, Wei AQ, Huang P, Lai ZF, Lin FQ. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and related risk factors. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28393395 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on homocysteine (Hcy) have mainly focused on the correlation between the homocysteine concentration and disease development. Few epidemiological investigations have been performed. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and the correlation of serum Hcy with gender, age, serum uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood glucose (GLU) to provide evidence for preventing and treating HHcy. METHODS Data of 8043 patients who underwent physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China from 2015 to 2016 were collected. These data included gender, age, and the serum Hcy, UA, GLU, TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentrations. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HHcy was 50.8% (52.3% in males, 48.1% in females). Age, UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower in patients with than without HHcy, regardless of gender (all P<.05). The Hcy level was positively correlated with UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C but negatively correlated with HDL-C. Gender, age, UA, TC, and TG were independent risk factors for HHcy. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HHcy was very high during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China. HHcy was related to gender, age, high concentrations of UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C; and low concentrations of HDL-C. Strengthening early intervention of HHcy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ai-Qiu Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fa-Quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Associations between maternal periconceptional exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and major birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:613.e1-613.e11. [PMID: 27443814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While associations between secondhand smoke and a few birth defects (namely, oral clefts and neural tube defects) have been noted in the scientific literature, to our knowledge, there is no single or comprehensive source of population-based information on its associations with a range of birth defects among nonsmoking mothers. OBJECTIVE We utilized data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large population-based multisite case-control study, to examine associations between maternal reports of periconceptional exposure to secondhand smoke in the household or workplace/school and major birth defects. STUDY DESIGN The multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study is the largest case-control study of birth defects to date in the United States. We selected cases from birth defect groups having >100 total cases, as well as all nonmalformed controls (10,200), from delivery years 1997 through 2009; 44 birth defects were examined. After excluding cases and controls from multiple births and whose mothers reported active smoking or pregestational diabetes, we analyzed data on periconceptional secondhand smoke exposure-encompassing the period 1 month prior to conception through the first trimester. For the birth defect craniosynostosis, we additionally examined the effect of exposure in the second and third trimesters as well due to the potential sensitivity to teratogens for this defect throughout pregnancy. Covariates included in all final models of birth defects with ≥5 exposed mothers were study site, previous live births, time between estimated date of delivery and interview date, maternal age at estimated date of delivery, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, nativity, household income divided by number of people supported by this income, periconceptional alcohol consumption, and folic acid supplementation. For each birth defect examined, we used logistic regression analyses to estimate both crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for both isolated and total case groups for various sources of exposure (household only; workplace/school only; household and workplace/school; household or workplace/school). RESULTS The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure only across all sources ranged from 12.9-27.8% for cases and 14.5-15.8% for controls. The adjusted odds ratios for any vs no secondhand smoke exposure in the household or workplace/school and isolated birth defects were significantly elevated for neural tube defects (anencephaly: adjusted odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.25; and spina bifida: adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.86); orofacial clefts (cleft lip without cleft palate: adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.81; cleft lip with or without cleft palate: adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.46; cleft palate alone: adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.63); bilateral renal agenesis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.75); amniotic band syndrome-limb body wall complex (adjusted odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.51); and atrial septal defects, secundum (adjusted odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.72). There were no significant inverse associations observed. CONCLUSION Additional studies replicating the findings are needed to better understand the moderate positive associations observed between periconceptional secondhand smoke and several birth defects in this analysis. Increased odds ratios resulting from chance (eg, multiple comparisons) or recall bias cannot be ruled out.
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Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Zeimbekis A, Zampelas A, Papademetriou L, Masoura C, Stefanadis C. The associations between smoking, physical activity, dietary habits and plasma homocysteine levels in cardiovascular disease-free people: the ‘ATTICA’ study. Vasc Med 2016; 9:117-23. [PMID: 15521701 DOI: 10.1191/1358863x04vm542oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine levels are considered, by some investigators, as an independent factor of cardiovascular disease; however, others suggest that there is not a causal relationship. The aim of this work was to investigate the associations between homocysteine levels and several lifestyle-related factors. The ATTICA study is a population-based cohort that has randomly enrolled 1128 adult men and 1154 women, stratified by age and gender, from the greater area of Athens, during 2001 2002. Among several demographic, lifestyle, clinical and biochemical characteristics, we measured total plasma homocysteine levels. For the present analysis, we excluded people who had a history of cardiovascular disease. The factors that showed the strongest relationship with homocysteine levels, in both genders, even after adjusting for several potential confounders were: cigarette smoking (p=0.03), endurance exercise (inverse, p<0.05), fruit (inverse, p=0.01) and vegetable intake (inverse, p=0.04), and alcohol (p=0.04) and coffee intake (p=0.04). In conclusion, several lifestyle-related factors seem to be associated with homocysteine levels. However, the vast majority of the associations were weak when we adjusted for other co-factors. The latter may indicate the mutual confounding effect of various socio-demographic, anthropometric and other clinical characteristics on the relationship between homocysteine and cardiovascular risk.
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Celada P, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Delgado-Pando G, Bastida S, Rodilla ME, Jiménez-Colmenero F, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Effects of improved fat meat products consumption on emergent cardiovascular disease markers of male volunteers at cardiovascular risk. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:669-678. [PMID: 27376533 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
High meat-product consumption has been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous results suggest the benefits of consuming improved fat meat products on lipoprotein-cholesterol and anthropometric measurements. Present study aims to assess the effect of consuming different Pâté and Frankfurter formulations on emergent CVD biomarkers in male volunteers at increased CVD risk. Eighteen male volunteers with at least two CVD risk factors were enrolled in a sequentially controlled study where different pork-products were tested: reduced-fat (RF), omega-3-enriched-RF (n-3RF), and normal-fat (NF). Pork-products were consumed during 4-week periods separated by 4-week washout. The cardiometabolic index (CI), oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL), apolipoproteins (Apo) A1 and B, homocysteine (tHcys), arylesterase (AE), C-reactive Protein (CRP), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNFα), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were tested and some other related ratios calculated. AE, oxLDL and Lp(a), AE/HDLc, LDLc/Apo B, and AE/oxLDL rate of change were differently affected (P<0.01) by pork-products consumption. RF increased (P < 0.05) AE, AE/HDLc and AE/oxLDL ratios and decreased TNFα, tHcys; n-3RF increased (P < 0.001) AE, AE/HDLc and AE/oxLDL ratios and decreased (P < 0.05) Lp(a); while NF increased (P<0.05) oxLDL and Lp(a) levels. In conclusion, RF and n-3RF products affected positively the level of some emergent CVD markers. The high regular consumption of NF-products should be limited as significantly increased Lp(a) and oxLDL values. The high variability in response observed for some markers suggests the need to perform more studies to identify targets for RF- and n-3RF-products. Graphical Abstract Emergent CVD markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Celada
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Pando
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Poudel-Tandukar K, Chandyo RK. Dietary B Vitamins and Serum C-Reactive Protein in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Positive Living With HIV (POLH) Study. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:517-528. [PMID: 27370977 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116657268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B vitamins may have beneficial roles in reducing inflammation; however, research on the role of B vitamins in inflammation among HIV-infected persons is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the association between B vitamins and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in HIV-infected persons. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 314 HIV-infected persons (180 men and 134 women) aged 18 to 60 years residing in the Kathmandu, Nepal. High-sensitive and regular serum CRP concentrations were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry and latex agglutination turbidimetric method, respectively. Dietary intake was assessed using 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The relationships between B vitamins and serum CRP concentrations were assessed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The multivariate-adjusted geometric mean of serum CRP concentrations was significantly decreased with an increasing B vitamins intake across quartiles of niacin (P for trend = .007), pyridoxine (P for trend = .042), and cobalamin (P for trend = .037) in men. In men, the mean serum CRP concentrations in the highest quartiles of niacin, pyridoxine, and cobalamin were 63%, 38%, and 58%, respectively, lower than that in the lowest quartile. In women, the mean serum CRP concentrations in the highest quartiles of riboflavin (P for trend = .084) and pyridoxine (P for trend = .093) were 37% and 47%, respectively, lower than that in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION High intake of niacin, pyridoxine, or cobalamin was independently associated with decreased serum CRP concentrations among HIV-infected men. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the role of B vitamins in inflammation among HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Krishna Chandyo
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and alcohol consumption in hyperhomocysteinaemia: a population-based study from northeast India. J Genet 2016; 94:121-4. [PMID: 25846884 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tak YJ, Jeong DW, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Song SH, Cha KS, Kang YH. Hyperhomocysteinaemia as a potential marker of early renal function decline in middle-aged Asian people without chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:239-248. [PMID: 26725074 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High levels of serum total homocysteine (tHcy), often observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between tHcy and renal function in healthy individuals. We examined whether tHcy levels are related to renal function in Asian individuals without CKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined 2032 subjects, aged 40-64 years. Individuals with kidney diseases or other conditions that could affect tHcy were excluded. Renal function was determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from levels of serum creatinine (sCr) and cystatin C. RESULTS Age, tHcy, sCr, and cystatin C of the subjects were 54.1 ± 6.0 years, 9.5 (8.0-11.4) μmol/L, 0.81 ± 0.1 mg/dL, and 0.82 ± 0.1 mg/L, respectively. In a multiple linear regression analysis, tHcy was a significant independent determinant of sCr and cystatin C in men (β = 0.206 and β = 0.282, respectively) and women (β = 0.247 and β = 0.229, respectively). Highest tHcy levels were independently associated with increased cystatin C (>s1.10 mg/L) with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.81-8.09] and decreased eGFR (<90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.36-2.11) compared to tHcy levels in the 1st-3rd quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of tHcy are independently associated with sCr and cystatin C elevation. Our study suggests that tHcy levels may be influenced by renal function in Asian populations without CKD. Future studies are needed to define the role of tHcy in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Medical Education Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Cha
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Ho Kang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Borges MC, Hartwig FP, Oliveira IO, Horta BL. Is there a causal role for homocysteine concentration in blood pressure? A Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:39-49. [PMID: 26675774 PMCID: PMC4691668 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of whether homocysteine is a cause or a marker of increased blood pressure is relevant because blood homocysteine can be effectively lowered by safe and inexpensive interventions (e.g., vitamin B-6, B-9, and B-12 supplementation). OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the causal influence of homocysteine on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in adults with the use of Mendelian randomization (MR). DESIGN Data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) were used. A total of 4297 subjects were evaluated in 2004-2005 (mean age: 22.8 y). The association of homocysteine concentration with SBP and DBP was assessed by conventional ordinary least-squares (OLS) linear regression and 2-stage least-squares (2SLS) regression (MR analysis). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) was used as proxy for homocysteine concentration. We also applied MR to data from the International Consortium for Blood Pressure (ICBP) genomewide association studies (>69,000 participants) using rs1801133 and additional homocysteine-associated SNPs as instruments. RESULTS In OLS regression, a 1-SD unit increase in log homocysteine concentration was associated with an increase of 0.9 (95% CI: 0.4, 1.4) mm Hg in SBP and of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.4) mm Hg in DBP. In 2SLS regression, for the same increase in homocysteine, the coefficients were -1.8 mm Hg for SBP (95% CI: -3.9, 0.4 mm Hg; P = 0.01) and 0.1 mm Hg for DBP (95% CI: -1.5, 1.7 mm Hg; P = 0.24). In the MR analysis of ICBP data, homocysteine concentration was not associated with SBP (β = 0.6 mm Hg for each 1-SD unit increase in log homocysteine; 95% CI: -0.8, 1.9 mm Hg) but was positively associated with DBP (β = 1.1 mm Hg; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.9 mm Hg). The association of genetically increased homocysteine with DBP was not consistent across different SNPs. CONCLUSION Overall, the present findings do not corroborate the hypothesis that homocysteine has a causal role in blood pressure, especially in SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Zhang J, Liu TT, Zhang W, Li Y, Niu XY, Fang YL, Ma LS, Li CX. Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Associated with Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: A Cross-sectional Study in a Rural, Elderly Population of Shanxi China. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:594-601. [PMID: 27273348 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the association of lifestyle factors and plasma vitamin B-12 with hyperhomocysteinemia in a large sample of men and women living in a region of China where there is an increased risk of NTDs. DESIGN Community-based, cross-sectional study of Lvliang City, Shanxi Province, China. SETTING Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a sensitive marker of vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2355 (1044 men and 1311 women) participants born before 1 January 1958 (≥55 years of age) and living in Lvliang City for at least 2 months a year were included. MEASUREMENTS The participants were assessed regarding demographic characteristics, height, weight, as well as having a physical examination and blood sampling for serum cholesterol, total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 levels. RESULTS The median (25th-75th percentile) tHcy concentration was 21.5 (15.8-33.6) µmol/L in men and 18.0 (13.4-24.8) µmol/L in women. The overall prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (tHcy ≥15 µmol/L) was 72.6% (84.3% in men and 63.2% in women), inversely correlated with folate (r=-0.230, P=0.006) and vitamin B-12 (r=-0.540, P<0.001), and positively correlated with uric acid (r=0.054, P<0.001). Vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency, older age, and male gender were associated with elevated tHcy; with vitamin B-12 deficiency being the strongest. CONCLUSIONS Plasma tHcy concentration and hyperhomocysteinemia were significantly higher in this population than in previously studied populations. Vitamin B-12 and folate supplementation, concomitant lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, and lipid-lowering treatments may help to decrease plasma tHcy concentrations and reduce the CVD risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Professor Xiao-Yuan Niu, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. No. 85, Jiefang Nan Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan City, PRC. E-mail: , Telephone/Fax: +8603514639510
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Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and some of its major determinants in Shaanxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:691-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCY; total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration >15 μmol/l) and its major determinants in healthy Chinese northerners. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Shaanxi Province, China. The study sample included 2645 participants (1042 men and 1603 women) aged >20 years. Demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaire interviews and physical examination. Plasma levels of homocysteine and folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism were determined according to standard methods. The prevalence of HHCY was 67·7 % (81·4 % in men and 58·8 % in women). The geometric mean of tHcy concentration was 19·1 μmol/l. The OR of HHCY were 0·44 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·57) for women v. men; 1·95 (95 % CI 1·41, 2·70), 1·41 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·88) and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·89) for participants with smoking and alcohol drinking cessation and improved physical activity levels, respectively; 0·25 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·38), 0·33 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·49) and 0·56 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·88) for participants with an education level of elementary school, secondary school and university v. illiterate, respectively; 1·41 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·75) and 3·05 (95 % CI 2·35, 3·97) for participants with CT and TT v. CC genotype at MTHFR 677C → T polymorphism, respectively. These results demonstrate that the prevalence of HHCY is considerably high in Chinese northerners, especially in TT subjects, suggesting that implementation of tHcy-lowering strategies, such as lifestyle changes, is necessary.
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Jung S, Je Y, Giovannucci EL, Rosner B, Ogino S, Cho E. Derivation and validation of homocysteine score in u.s. Men and women. J Nutr 2015; 145:96-104. [PMID: 25527664 PMCID: PMC4264025 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism, which is crucial in DNA synthesis and genomic stability, is an interrelated network of biochemical reactions involved in several dietary and lifestyle factors. The development of the homocysteine score using these factors may be useful to reflect the status of one-carbon metabolism in large epidemiologic studies without biologic samples to measure homocysteine directly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an homocysteine score that reflects one-carbon metabolism better than individual dietary or lifestyle factors. METHODS We divided 2023 participants with measured plasma total homocysteine data in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study into training (n = 1619) and testing (n = 404) subsets. Using multivariable linear regression, we selected lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine in the training set and derived the homocysteine score weighted by the β coefficient for each predictor. The validation of the homocysteine score was assessed using the plasma homocysteine in the independent samples of the training set. RESULTS In the training set, smoking, multivitamin use, and caffeine, alcohol, and dietary and supplemental folate intake were significant independent determinants of plasma homocysteine in multivariable linear regression (P ≤ 0.01) and were included in the derivation of the homocysteine score. The Pearson correlation of the homocysteine score with plasma homocysteine was 0.30 in the testing subset (P < 0.001). The homocysteine score was positively associated with the plasma homocysteine concentration in the testing subset and in an independent population of women; the mean difference of plasma homocysteine concentration between the extreme quintiles of homocysteine score ranged from 0.83 μmol/L to 1.52 μmol/L. Population misclassification either from the lowest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the highest quintile of the homocysteine score or from the highest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the lowest quintile of the homocysteine score was ≤12%. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the homocysteine score may be used with relatively inexpensive and simple questionnaires to rank an individual's one-carbon metabolism status when homocysteine data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Epidemiology, and,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Levi A, Cohen E, Levi M, Goldberg E, Garty M, Krause I. Elevated serum homocysteine is a predictor of accelerated decline in renal function and chronic kidney disease: A historical prospective study. Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25:951-5. [PMID: 25457436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of elevated serum homocysteine level on renal function decline and on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. METHODS A historical prospective study on 3602 subjects attending a screening center in Israel between the years 2000 and 2012. Only subjects with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and without proteinuria were included. Subjects were divided to two groups according to mean total serum homocysteine level (≤ 15, >15μmol/l). Linear mixed effect model was used to estimate the annual eGRF decline in respect to homocysteine group. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for CKD in the normal compared to the elevated homocysteine group. RESULTS Annual eGFR decline was 25% higher in subjects with elevated versus normal mean homocysteine level (0.90 ± 0.16 ml/min/1.37 m(2) vs. 0.72 ± 0.14 ml/min/1.37 m(2), p<0.001). In a median follow up of 7.75 years, 38 subjects developed CKD (1.05%). Elevated mean homocysteine level was highly associated with developing CKD (HR 4.85, 95% CI 2.48-9.49, p<0.001). In a multivariate analysis which adjusted for age, baseline kidney function, HDL cholesterol, BMI, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels, these relationships remained substantially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Elevated mean serum homocysteine level is associated with an accelerated decline in renal function in both men and women, and is an independent risk factor for the development of CKD in the general population. Further prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify whether the reduction in serum homocysteine concentrations will result in an improved renal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Levi
- Department of Internal Medicine F - Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine F - Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha Levi
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover NJ, USA
| | - Elad Goldberg
- Department of Internal Medicine F - Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Garty
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Recanati Institute for Preventive Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva, Israel
| | - Ilan Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine F - Recanati, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Verly-Jr E, Steluti J, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML. A quantile regression approach can reveal the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma homocysteine levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111619. [PMID: 25365261 PMCID: PMC4218785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A reduction in homocysteine concentration due to the use of supplemental folic acid is well recognized, although evidence of the same effect for natural folate sources, such as fruits and vegetables (FV), is lacking. The traditional statistical analysis approaches do not provide further information. As an alternative, quantile regression allows for the exploration of the effects of covariates through percentiles of the conditional distribution of the dependent variable. OBJECTIVE To investigate how the associations of FV intake with plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) differ through percentiles in the distribution using quantile regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted among 499 residents of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. The participants provided food intake and fasting blood samples. Fruit and vegetable intake was predicted by adjusting for day-to-day variation using a proper measurement error model. We performed a quantile regression to verify the association between tHcy and the predicted FV intake. The predicted values of tHcy for each percentile model were calculated considering an increase of 200 g in the FV intake for each percentile. RESULTS The results showed that tHcy was inversely associated with FV intake when assessed by linear regression whereas, the association was different when using quantile regression. The relationship with FV consumption was inverse and significant for almost all percentiles of tHcy. The coefficients increased as the percentile of tHcy increased. A simulated increase of 200 g in the FV intake could decrease the tHcy levels in the overall percentiles, but the higher percentiles of tHcy benefited more. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the effect of FV intake on lowering the tHcy levels is dependent on the level of tHcy using an innovative statistical approach. From a public health point of view, encouraging people to increase FV intake would benefit people with high levels of tHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseu Verly-Jr
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Steluti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sao Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sao Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang Y, Chung SJ, McCullough ML, Song WO, Fernandez ML, Koo SI, Chun OK. Dietary carotenoids are associated with cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers mediated by serum carotenoid concentrations. J Nutr 2014; 144:1067-74. [PMID: 24744306 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.184317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and elevated circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Previous studies indicated that higher serum carotenoid concentrations were inversely associated with some of these biomarkers. However, whether dietary carotenoid intake is inversely associated with these CVD risk biomarkers is not well known. We assessed the associations between individual dietary carotenoid intake and CVD risk biomarkers and tested whether the serum carotenoid concentrations explain (mediate) or influence the strength of (moderate) the associations, if any association exists. Dietary data collected from 2 24-h dietary recalls and serum measurements in adult men (n = 1312) and women (n = 1544) from the NHANES 2003-2006 were used. Regression models designed for survey analysis were used to examine the associations between individual dietary carotenoids and log-transformed blood cholesterol, CRP, and tHcy. The corresponding individual serum carotenoid concentration was considered as mediator (and moderator if applicable). After adjustment for covariates, significant inverse associations with LDL cholesterol were observed for dietary β-carotene (P < 0.05) and lutein + zeaxanthin (P < 0.001), and with tHcy for dietary β-carotene (P < 0.05), lycopene (P < 0.05), and total carotenoids (P < 0.05). Dietary lutein + zeaxanthin intake was also positively associated with HDL cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.01). Most of these associations were null after additional adjustment for corresponding serum carotenoid concentrations, indicating the complete mediation effects of serum carotenoids. Serum β-carotene significantly moderated the associations between dietary β-carotene and CRP (P-interaction < 0.05), and quartile 4 of dietary β-carotene was associated with lower CRP concentrations only among participants with serum β-carotene > 0.43 μmol/L. In this population-based cross-sectional study, serum carotenoids were mediators of dietary carotenoids and CVD risk biomarker associations. Serum β-carotene was also a moderator of the dietary β-carotene and CRP association. These findings may help in the design of future intervention studies on dietary carotenoids in the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sang-Jin Chung
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea; and
| | | | - Won O Song
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Sung I Koo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Wang M, Wang ZP, Gong R, Zhao ZT. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and neural tube defects in offspring: a meta-analysis. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:83-9. [PMID: 23760473 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. METHODS We retrieved published studies on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and NTDs risk in offspring. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate the overall odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The publication bias was assessed by the Egger's regression asymmetry test and Begg's rank correlation test. RESULTS The overall effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on NTDs was 1.03 (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 0.80-1.33). When subgroup analysis was conducted by geographic regions, the overall effects were 1.39 (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI = 1.18-1.64), 0.88 (OR = 0.88, 95 % CI = 0.66-1.17) in Europe and USA; when subgroup analysis was conducted by NTDs types, the overall effect was 1.55 (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI = 1.06-2.26) for spina bifida. CONCLUSIONS Women who smoked during pregnancy had mildly elevated risk of having infants with NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China,
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Okura T, Nakata Y, Ohkawara K, Numao S, Katayama Y, Ono Y, Matsuo T, Sone H, Tanaka K. Effect of weight reduction on concentration of plasma total homocysteine in obese Japanese men. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 1:I-II. [PMID: 24351547 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To test whether weight reduction would lower tHcys concentration, and whether adding exercise training to dietary weight reduction would further reduce tHcys concentration over diet alone. DESIGN A randomized, controlled, prospective, 14-week weight-loss intervention. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Forty-eight obese Japanese men aged 27-66 years were assigned to 2 subgroups depending on the type of treatment: diet alone (DA) and diet plus exercise training (DE). Concentration of tHcy was measured in frozen plasma samples by an HPLC method. RESULTS Body weight decreased significantly for both groups: DA -7.8 ± 3.2 kg and DE -9.1 ± 3.6 kg. A significant decrease was found in tHcys concentration of the DE group (-2.3 ± 5.0 μmol/L) but not of the DA (-0.3 ± 2.7 μmol/L). For subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia (≥15 μmol/L, n = 17), tHcys concentration decreased from 20.1 ± 7.0 to 13.9 ± 3.0 μmol/L (p < 0.01) for the DE group (n = 8) but did not change for the DA group (16.6 ± 1.9 μmol/L → 15.4 ± 2.3 μmol/L, n = 9). Furthermore, to consider a statistical phenomenon "regression to the mean", we excluded two subjects with the highest two tHcys values of the DE group. The DE group (n = 7) still displayed a significant reduction after the exclusion. CONCLUSIONS A weight reduction with diet alone did not improve tHcy levels. Adding aerobic exercise training to a dietary weight-reduction program may be effective for a reduction in tHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Okura
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ohkawara
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Numao
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Katayama
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yohei Ono
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Center for TARA (Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance), University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Li X, Xia M, Ling W. Dietary protein and plasma total homocysteine, cysteine concentrations in coronary angiographic subjects. Nutr J 2013; 12:144. [PMID: 24195518 PMCID: PMC4176105 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary patterns are associated with plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in healthy populations, but the associations between dietary protein and tHcy, total cysteine (tCys) in high risk populations are unclear. We therefore examined the association between dietary protein and tHcy and tCys concentrations in coronary angiographic subjects. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1015 Chinese patients who underwent coronary angiography (40–85 y old). With the use of food-frequency questionnaires, we divided the total protein intakes into high animal-protein and high plant-protein diets. Circulating concentrations of tHcy and tCys were simultaneously measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results We found that high animal-protein diet was positively associated with hyperhomocysteinemia after adjustment for potential confounders, with the subjects in the highest quartile of intake having the greatest increase in risk (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.67-6.43), whereas high plant-protein diet was inversely related to hyperhomocysteinemia, with a higher intake being protective. Compared with the first quartile of intake, the adjusted OR was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.38-0.91) for the fourth quartile. The total protein intake was positively associated with the risk of hypercysteinemia and the participants in highest quartile had significant OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.02-2.87) compared with those in lowest quartile. In multivariate linear regression analyses, high animal-protein and total-protein intakes were positively associated with plasma tHcy and tCys concentrations. The plant-protein intake was a negative determinant of plasma tHcy concentrations. Conclusions High animal-protein diet was positively associated with high tHcy concentrations, whereas high plant-protein diet was inversely associated with tHcy concentrations. Furthermore the total protein intake was strongly related to tCys concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Number 74 Zhongshan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kim EC, Kim JS, Jung JG, Kim SS, Yoon SJ, Ryu JS. Effect of alcohol consumption on risk of hyperhomocysteinemia based on alcohol-related facial flushing response. Korean J Fam Med 2013; 34:250-7. [PMID: 23904954 PMCID: PMC3726792 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.4.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and hyperhomocysteinemia based on facial flushing caused by drinking. METHODS Among male patients aged ≥ 18 years who visited Health Promotion Center of Chungnam National University Hospital in Daejeon from January 2008 to December 2010, 948 males (182 nondrinkers, 348 subjects with drinking-related facial flushing, and 418 subjects without drinking-related facial flushing) were selected. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in the nonfacial flushing and facial flushing groups compared with the nondrinkers. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly lower in the group with a weekly alcohol consumption of < 8 standard drinks (1 drink = 14 g alcohol) in the nonfacial flushing group (<4 drinks: odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10 to 0.74; 4≤, <8 drinks: OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.73). Risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly lower in the group with a weekly alcohol consumption < 4 drinks in the facial flushing group (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia is likely lowered by alcohol consumption based on drinking quantity, as lowering the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia differs depending on vulnerability associated with facial flushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo-Chin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Pfeiffer CM, Sternberg MR, Schleicher RL, Rybak ME. Dietary supplement use and smoking are important correlates of biomarkers of water-soluble vitamin status after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables in a representative sample of U.S. adults. J Nutr 2013; 143:957S-65S. [PMID: 23576641 PMCID: PMC4822996 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical indicators of water-soluble vitamin (WSV) status were measured in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population in NHANES 2003-2006. To examine whether demographic differentials in nutritional status were related to and confounded by certain variables, we assessed the association of sociodemographic (age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income) and lifestyle (dietary supplement use, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity) variables with biomarkers of WSV status in adults (aged ≥ 20 y): serum and RBC folate, serum pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), serum 4-pyridoxic acid, serum total cobalamin (vitamin B-12), plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA), and serum ascorbic acid. Age (except for PLP) and smoking (except for MMA) were generally the strongest significant correlates of these biomarkers (|r| ≤ 0.43) and together with supplement use explained more of the variability compared with the other covariates in bivariate analysis. In multiple regression models, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together explained from 7 (vitamin B-12) to 29% (tHcy) of the biomarker variability. We observed significant associations for most biomarkers (≥ 6 of 8) with age, sex, race-ethnicity, supplement use, smoking, and BMI and for some biomarkers with PIR (5 of 8), education (1 of 8), alcohol consumption (4 of 8), and physical activity (5 of 8). We noted large estimated percentage changes in biomarker concentrations between race-ethnic groups (from -24 to 20%), between supplement users and nonusers (from -12 to 104%), and between smokers and nonsmokers (from -28 to 8%). In summary, age, sex, and race-ethnic differentials in biomarker concentrations remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Supplement use and smoking were important correlates of biomarkers of WSV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Pfeiffer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Christine M. Pfeiffer, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mail Stop F55, Atlanta, GA 30341, Phone: 770-488-7926, Fax: 770-488-4139,
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Feng L, Isaac V, Sim S, Ng TP, Krishnan KRR, Chee MWL. Associations between elevated homocysteine, cognitive impairment, and reduced white matter volume in healthy old adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:164-72. [PMID: 23343490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated homocysteine has emerged as a risk factor for cognitive impairment even in healthy elderly persons. Reduced brain volume and white matter hyperintensities also occur in healthy elderly as well, but the interrelationships between these have not been well studied. We report these interrelationships in non demented, relatively healthy, community-dwelling older adults from a single East Asian population. METHODS Two hundred twenty-eight right-handed participants age 55 years and above were evaluated. Persons with medical conditions or neurological diseases other than well-controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Participants underwent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain using a standardized protocol and neuropsychological evaluation. Plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B(12), and markers for cardiovascular risk: blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured. RESULTS Elevated homocysteine was associated with reduced global cerebral volume, larger ventricles, reduced cerebral white matter volume, and lower cognitive performance in several domains. Elevated homocysteine was associated with reduced white matter volume (β = -20.80, t = -2.9, df = 223, p = 0.004) and lower speed of processing (β = -0.38, t = -2.1, df = 223, p = 0.03), even after controlling for age, gender, and education. However, the association between homocysteine and lower speed of processing disappeared after controlling for white matter volume. Elevated homocysteine was not associated with white matter hyperintensity volume or with hippocampal volume. Although homocysteine and folate levels were correlated, their effects on white matter volume were dissociated. CONCLUSION In non demented, relatively healthy adults, elevated homocysteine is associated with lower cognitive scores and reduced cerebral white matter volume. These effects can be dissociated from those related to white matter hyperintensities or reduced folate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Gerontological Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hajhosseiny R, Khavandi K, Goldsmith DJ. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: untying the Gordian knot. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:14-31. [PMID: 22780692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 10-13% of the general population, with only a small proportion in end stage renal disease (ESRD), either on dialysis or awaiting renal transplantation. It is well documented that CKD patients have an extremely high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population, so much so that in the early stages of CKD patients are more likely to develop CVD than they are to progress to ESRD. Various pathophysiological pathways and explanations have been advanced and suggested to account for this, including endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. In this review, we try to understand and further explore the link between CKD and CVD, as well as offering interventional advice where available, while exposing the current lack of RCT-based research and trial evidence in this area. We also suggest pragmatic Interim measures we could take while we wait for definitive RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hajhosseiny
- MRC Centre for Transplantation and Renal Unit, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Academic Health Partners, London, UK
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Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Graham IM, Palma Reis R, Sales Luis A, Smith AD, Refsum H. The association of fasting plasma sulfur-containing compounds with BMI, serum lipids and apolipoproteins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1031-1038. [PMID: 21550220 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sulfur amino acids are recognized as potent modulators of lipid metabolism. Plasma total cysteine (tCys) is associated with fat mass, obesity and serum LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)-B in large population studies. It is not known how fasting plasma concentrations of cysteine precursors and products relate to these associations in humans, given that sulfur-containing compounds (SCC) influence rodent weight gain and serum lipids. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the cross-sectional associations of fasting plasma SCC (methionine, total homocysteine, cystathionine, tCys, taurine and total glutathione) with BMI and fasting serum lipids and apolipoproteins in 854 men and women with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, CVD and other SCC, neither methionine, taurine, nor total glutathione was associated with BMI. Plasma taurine was, however, inversely related to HDL-cholesterol (partial r = -0.12, p = 0.004) and its associated apoA1 (partial r = -0.18, p < 0.001). Plasma cystathionine correlated positively with triglycerides and BMI, while tCys positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (partial r = 0.20, p < 0.001) and its associated apoB. The associations of SCC with serum lipids were independent of BMI. tCys was also independently associated with BMI (partial r = 0.20, p < 0.001) after adjustment for other SCC, glucose, lipids and apolipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Fasting tCys is associated with BMI independently of metabolically related SCC. Elevation of plasma SCC is generally associated with an unfavorable lipid profile. The negative relations of plasma taurine with HDL-C and apoA1 deserve further investigation.
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Lee YM, Lee MK, Bae SG, Lee SH, Kim SY, Lee DH. Association of homocysteine levels with blood lead levels and micronutrients in the US general population. J Prev Med Public Health 2012; 45:387-93. [PMID: 23230469 PMCID: PMC3514469 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.6.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Even though several epidemiological studies have observed positive associations between blood lead levels and homocysteine, no study has examined whether this association differs by the levels of micronutrients, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. In this study, we examined the interactions between micronutrients and blood lead on homocysteine levels. Methods This study was performed with 4089 adults aged ≥20 years old in the US general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Results There were significant or marginally significant interactions between micronutrients and blood lead levels on mean homocysteine levels. Positive associations between blood lead and homocysteine were clearly observed among subjects with low levels of folate or low vitamin B6 (p-trend <0.01, respectively). However, in the case of vitamin B12, there was a stronger positive association between blood lead and homocysteine among subjects with high levels of vitamin B12, compared to those with low levels of vitamin B12. In fact, the levels of homocysteine were already high among subjects low in vitamin B12, irrespective of blood lead levels. When we used hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine>15 µmol/L) as the outcome, there were similar patterns of interaction, though p-values for each interaction failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions In the current study, the association between blood lead and homocysteine differed based on the levels of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 present in the blood. It may be important to keep sufficient levels of these micronutrients to prevent the possible harmful effects of lead exposure on homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Suarez L, Felkner M, Brender JD, Canfield M, Zhu H, Hendricks KA. Neural tube defects on the Texas-Mexico border: What we've learned in the 20 years since the Brownsville cluster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:882-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and its major determinants in rural Chinese hypertensive patients aged 45–75 years. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1284-93. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512003157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia (total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) ≥ 10 μmol/l) and its major determinants in rural Chinese hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in Lianyungang of Jiangsu province, China. This analysis included 13 946 hypertensive adults. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia was 51·6 % (42·7 % in women and 65·6 % in men). The OR of hyperhomocysteinaemia were 1·52 (95 % CI 1·39, 1·67) and 2·32 (95 % CI 2·07, 2·61) for participants aged 55–65 and 65–75 v. 45–55 years; 1·27 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·37) for participants with a BMI ≥ 25 v. < 25 kg/m2; 1·14 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·23) for participants with v. without antihypertensive treatment; 1·09 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·18) for residents inland v. coastal; 0·89 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·97) and 0·83 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·92) for participants with moderate and high v. low physical activity levels; 1·54 (95 % CI 1·41, 1·68) and 2·47 (95 % CI 2·17, 2·81) for participants with a glomerular filtration rate 60–90 and < 60 v. ≥ 90 ml/min per 1·73 m2; and 1·20 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·35) and 3·81 (95 % CI 3·33, 4·36) for participants with CT and TT v. CC genotype at methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T polymorphism, respectively. Furthermore, higher tHcy concentrations were observed in smokers of both sexes (men: geometric mean 12·1 (interquartile range (IQR) 9·2–14·5) v. 11·9 (IQR 9·3–14·0) μmol/l, P= 0·005; women: geometric mean 10·3 (IQR 8·3–13·0) v. 9·6 (IQR 7·8–11·6) μmol/l, P= 0·010), and only in males with hypertension grade 3 (v. grade 1 or controlled blood pressure) (geometric mean 12·1 (IQR 9·2–14·4) v. 11·7 (IQR 9·2–14·0), P= 0·016) and in male non-drinkers (yes v. no) (geometric mean 12·3 (IQR 9·4–14·8) v. 11·7 (IQR 9·1–13·9), P= 0·014). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in Chinese hypertensive adults, particularly in the inlanders, who may benefit greatly from tHcy-lowering strategies, such as folic acid supplementation and lifestyle change.
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Elshorbagy AK, Kozich V, Smith AD, Refsum H. Cysteine and obesity: consistency of the evidence across epidemiologic, animal and cellular studies. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012; 15:49-57. [PMID: 22108094 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32834d199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concentrations of several plasma amino acids increase in obesity. Notably, plasma total concentrations of the sulphur amino acid cysteine (tCys) are linearly associated with fat mass in large population studies. Animal and cellular experiments support the concept that cysteine may be obesogenic. Here we review experimental and epidemiologic findings linking cysteine and related compounds with fat regulation and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS tCys, and to a lesser extent cystathionine, are the only plasma sulphur amino acids consistently associated with human obesity, whereas glutathione is inversely associated with BMI. Supplementing cyste(i)ne in rodents decreases energy expenditure and promotes adiposity, whereas defects of cysteine-synthesizing enzymes decrease body weight. In adipocytes, cysteine inhibits lipolysis and promotes lipogenesis via H2O2 production. Unlike most plasma amino acids, tCys levels do not decrease with gastric bypass-induced weight loss, further supporting the concept that elevated cysteine may be a cause, not a consequence of obesity. Although cysteine products (glutathione, taurine and H2S) are altered in obesity, they do not appear to explain cysteine's effects on body weight. SUMMARY Cellular, animal and epidemiologic data are consistent with the view that cysteine is obesogenic. Targeted research linking in-vitro and in-vivo findings is needed to elucidate mechanisms involved.
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Holt S, Goldsmith D. Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on cardiovascular disease in CKD. Nephron Clin Pract 2011; 118 Suppl 1:c125-44. [PMID: 21555891 DOI: 10.1159/000328065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Murakami H, Iemitsu M, Sanada K, Gando Y, Ohmori Y, Kawakami R, Sasaki S, Tabata I, Miyachi M. Associations among objectively measured physical activity, fasting plasma homocysteine concentration, and MTHFR C677T genotype. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2997-3005. [PMID: 21451940 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fasting plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level is a vascular disease risk factor. Plasma Hcy is affected by 5,10-methylenetetrahydofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype and dietary folate intake. This cross-sectional study in 434 Japanese adults examined the associations among objectively measured physical activity (PA), plasma Hcy adjusting for dietary folate intake, and MTHFR C677T genotype. Daily PA was measured by triaxial accelerometry and all subjects completed a questionnaire about their dietary habits. Plasma Hcy and MTHFR C677T genotype were determined. Plasma Hcy in subjects with the TT genotype was significantly higher than in those with CC or CT genotype (p < 0.001). Plasma Hcy was significantly different between ≥ 200 (7.6 ± 0.2 nmol/mL) and <200 µg/day (8.3 ± 0.3 nmol/mL) folate intake groups (p = 0.003). There were no differences in plasma Hcy adjusting for age, sex, and folate intake between groups according to PA category in all subjects. However, there were significant interactions between time spent in light PA (p = 0.003), vigorous PA (p = 0.001), or inactivity (p = 0.004), and MTHFR genotype. In only the TT genotype, shorter time spent in light PA was associated with higher plasma Hcy than a longer time spent in light PA (11.5 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.5 ± 3.3 nmol/mL, p < 0.001), and longer time spent in vigorous PA and inactivity were associated with higher plasma Hcy (11.8 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.4 ± 3.2 nmol/mL, 11.6 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.4 ± 3.3 nmol/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). In conclusion, light and vigorous PA were associated with plasma Hcy only in the TT genotype, but there were no such associations in all genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Murakami
- Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption in the older adult is of major concern with the advent of baby boomers coming into the over 65-age bracket. Alcohol consumption has been touted as beneficial for health, and while that may be accurate for moderate consumption in younger persons, there is considerable risk associated with increased alcohol intake in older adults. This increase is partially due to age-related physiological changes, existing diagnoses, number of comorbid conditions, and increased use of prescribed and/or over-the-counter medications, coupled with other concerns. This review addresses the current research regarding ethanol consumption in older adults and all-cause mortality as well as several conditions more frequently seen in the geriatric population. These conditions include vascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatic disorders, dental and oro-facial problems, bone density decline, and falls and fractures. In addition, drug interactions and recent research into select vitamin and mineral considerations with increased alcohol intake in older persons are addressed. While recommendations for alcohol intake have not been specifically established for age ranges within the 65-year-and-older bracket, and practitioners do not routinely assess alcohol intake or ethanol related adverse events in this population, common sense approaches to monitoring will become increasingly important as the generation of "boomers" who believe that alcohol intake improves health comes of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roschelle A Heuberger
- Department of Human Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
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Suarez L, Ramadhani T, Felkner M, Canfield MA, Brender JD, Romitti PA, Sun L. Maternal smoking, passive tobacco smoke, and neural tube defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 91:29-33. [PMID: 21254356 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cigarette smoke is a well-established toxin and harmful to the developing embryo, the evidence for an independent effect on the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is mixed. In this study, we examined the relation between NTDs and maternal exposures to cigarette smoke, including passive smoke exposure. METHODS We used cases and controls from the large, multistate, population-based National Birth Defects Prevention Study. A total of 1041 NTD cases and 5862 live birth controls, delivered during 1997 to 2004, were available for analyses. Mothers were interviewed by telephone between 6 weeks and 24 months after delivery. Participation rates were 71% for NTD case mothers and 69% for control mothers. RESULTS Compared with nonsmokers (and also not exposed to passive cigarette smoke), mothers exposed only to passive smoke had an increased NTD odds ratio (OR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.0), adjusted for race-ethnicity, and study center. There was no increased OR for mothers who actively smoked 24 or fewer cigarettes per day. Mothers who smoked 25 or more cigarettes per day had an elevated OR (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-3.0), but the OR adjusted for race-ethnicity, and center was compatible with the null. CONCLUSION Results suggest that maternal exposure to passive smoke is associated with NTDs. Women who plan on becoming pregnant should minimize their exposure to passive smoke and refrain from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucina Suarez
- Texas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX 78714, USA.
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Kavouras SA, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Arnaoutis G, Skoumas Y, Stefanadis C. Physical Activity and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Increase Total Antioxidant Capacity: The ATTICA Study. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2011:248626. [PMID: 20981278 PMCID: PMC2963115 DOI: 10.4061/2011/248626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the association of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A random sample of 1514 men and 1528 women was selected from Attica region. Physical activity was assessed with a translated version of the validated "International Physical Activity Questionnaire" (iPAQ), and dietary intake through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by the MedDietScore that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this diet. TAC was positively correlated with the degree of physical activity (P < .05). TAC was also positively correlated with MedDietScore (r = 0.24, P < .001). Stratified analysis by diet status revealed that the most beneficial results were observed to highly active people as compared to inactive, who also followed the Mediterranean diet (288 ± 70 μmol/L, 230 ± 50 μmol/L, resp.), after adjusting for various confounders. Increased physical activity and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet were associated with increased total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros A Kavouras
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
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