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Demey LM, Sinha R, DiRita VJ. An essential host dietary fatty acid promotes TcpH inhibition of TcpP proteolysis promoting virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. mBio 2024; 15:e0072124. [PMID: 38958446 PMCID: PMC11323476 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00721-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera. Expression of key virulence factors, cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus, is regulated directly by ToxT and indirectly by two transmembrane transcription regulators (TTRs), ToxR and TcpP, that promote the expression of toxT. TcpP abundance and activity are controlled by TcpH, a single-pass transmembrane protein, which protects TcpP from a two-step proteolytic process known as regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The mechanism of TcpH-mediated protection of TcpP represents a major gap in our understanding of V. cholerae pathogenesis. The absence of tcpH leads to unimpeded degradation of TcpP in vitro and a colonization defect in a neonate mouse model of V. cholerae colonization. Here, we show that TcpH protects TcpP from RIP via direct interaction. We also demonstrate that α-linolenic acid, a dietary fatty acid, promotes TcpH-dependent inhibition of RIP via co-association of TcpP and TcpH molecules within detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) in a mechanism requiring the TcpH transmembrane domain. Taken together, our data support a model where V. cholerae cells use exogenous α-linolenic acid to remodel the phospholipid bilayer in vivo, leading to co-association of TcpP and TcpH within DRMs where RIP of TcpP is inhibited by TcpH, thereby promoting V. cholerae pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae continues to pose a significant global burden on health and an alternative therapeutic approach is needed, due to evolving multidrug resistance strains. Transcription of toxT, stimulated by TcpP and ToxR, is essential for V. cholerae pathogenesis. Our results show that TcpP, one of the major regulators of toxT gene expression, is protected from proteolysis by TcpH, via direct interaction. Furthermore, we identified a gut metabolite, α-linolenic acid, that stimulates the co-association of TcpP and TcpH within detergent-resistant membranes (also known as lipid-ordered membrane domains), thereby supporting TcpH-dependent antagonism of TcpP proteolysis. Data presented here extend our knowledge of RIP, virulence gene regulation in V. cholerae, and, to the best of our knowledge, provides the first evidence that lipid-ordered membranes exist within V. cholerae. The model presented here also suggests that TTRs, common among bacteria and archaea, and co-component signal transduction systems present in Enterobacteria, could also be influenced similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Demey
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ritam Sinha
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victor J. DiRita
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Mammadova N, Özler S, Özdemir BG, Avcı F, Koçak N, Çintesun E, Örgül G, Çelik Ç. The role of the Chitinase 3-Like 1 (CHI3L1) genes in the preeclampsia pathophysiology. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231574. [PMID: 39045955 PMCID: PMC11288277 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Chitinase 3-Like 1 gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of preeclampsia in a selected cohort of pregnant women. METHODS A total of 75 pregnant women participated in the study, 35 of whom were diagnosed with preeclampsia, while 40 served as healthy controls. The preeclamptic group was subdivided based on severity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the serum samples for variations in Chitinase 3-Like 1 gene polymorphisms. RESULTS The rs880633 polymorphism was found to be significantly more frequent in the control group (80%) compared with the overall preeclamptic group (60%) (p<0.05). In the severity-based subgroups, rs880633 appeared in 57.1% of non-severe and 61.9% of severe preeclamptics. Contrarily, the heterozygous form of rs7515776 polymorphism showed a significantly higher prevalence in the preeclamptic cohort (p<0.05), without distinctions in severity subgroups. CONCLUSION The study suggests that the rs880633 polymorphism may serve a protective role against the development of preeclampsia, whereas the rs7515776 polymorphism may be associated with an elevated risk. Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Mammadova
- Afiyet Hospital, Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology – İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özler
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
| | - Belma Gözde Özdemir
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
| | - Fazıl Avcı
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
| | - Nadir Koçak
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics – Konya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Çintesun
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Örgül
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
| | - Çetin Çelik
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Konya, Turkey
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Teneva O, Petkova Z, Antova G, Angelova-Romova M, Stoyanov P, Todorov K, Mladenova T, Radoukova T, Mladenov R, Petkov V, Bivolarska A, Gyuzeleva D. Chemical Composition and Lipid Bioactive Components of Centaurea thracica Dwelling in Bulgaria. Molecules 2024; 29:3282. [PMID: 39064861 PMCID: PMC11279582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek is a plant common in southern Bulgaria. The inflorescences were collected during June and September 2021, while their seeds were obtained in September 2021. The chemical and lipid composition of the inflorescences during the vegetation process of the plant were established. A significant decrease in total proteins (from 8.7 to 7.4%), glyceride oils (2.0-1.7%), and ash (4.5-4.2%) content was observed, while the amount of carbohydrates (72.3-77.2%) and fibers (28.7-35.8%) increased. During the vegetation of the plant, the content of oleic and linoleic acids increased up to 2-3 times, while the level of palmitic acid decreased. The lipids from the seeds were rich in oleic (53.0%) and palmitic (36.2%) acids. The tocopherol content in the oils of the inflorescences during vegetation increased from 58 to 110 mg/kg, and the content in the oil from the seeds was 260 mg/kg. The phospholipid content decreased during vegetation, and differences were observed in the composition between the inflorescences and the seeds. The high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phospholipids determine the nutritional and biological value of the oils isolated from Centaurea thracica, and contribute to their potential use in various directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Teneva
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Z.P.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Z.P.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Ginka Antova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Z.P.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Maria Angelova-Romova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Z.P.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Plamen Stoyanov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Todorov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Rumen Mladenov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Venelin Petkov
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cruiserath Dr, Cruiserath, Mulhuddart, Co., Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Str. 15A, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Donika Gyuzeleva
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (P.S.); (K.T.); (T.M.); (T.R.); or (R.M.); (D.G.)
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Gholamalizadeh M, Tajadod S, Majidi N, Aghakhaninejad Z, Mahmoudi Z, Mousavi Z, Amjadi A, Alami F, Torkaman M, Saeedirad Z, Doaei S, Shafaei H, Kalantari N. Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review. JGH Open 2024; 8:e13108. [PMID: 39027159 PMCID: PMC11256152 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world. The link between nutrients and the likelihood of developing CRC remains uncertain. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the potential connection between dietary intake/dietary supplements and the occurrence of CRC through a literature review. Methods A comprehensive online search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to March 2023 using appropriate keywords. A systematic search was conducted for clinical trials and cohort studies in order to determine the relationship between dietary components/supplements and CRC. Results The intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs), consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has the potential to decrease the likelihood of developing CRC (eight studies found positive effects and four studies found no association). Some other dietary components such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may contribute to suppressing CRC development (three studies found positive effects, whereas three studies did not find any association). There is inconclusive evidence that supplementation with certain micronutrients including vitamin D (one trial found positive effects and another trial reported no association), folate, zinc, and selenium may reduce the risk of CRC. Conclusion Some dietary supplements such as n-3 LCPUFAs and probiotics have the potential to reduce the risk of developing CRC. Further studies are necessary to validate these results and understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International CampusIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nazanin Majidi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zohreh Aghakhaninejad
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Nursing and Midwifery schoolShahed University. TehranIran
| | - Arezoo Amjadi
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Mahdie Torkaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Departments of Community Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Shahid Beheshti College of MidwiferyGilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Departments of Community Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Cao M, Yang F, McClements DJ, Guo Y, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin J, Wang X. Impact of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of atherosclerosis risk: A review. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101289. [PMID: 38986846 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a causative factor associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the past few decades, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested lipids and the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the precise nature of this relationship, which has led to challenges in providing sound dietary advice to the general public. There is therefore a pressing need to review our current understanding of the relationship between the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis, and to summarize the underlying factors contributing to the current uncertainties. Initially, this article reviews the association between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and CVDs in different countries. A summary of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis is then given, including inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation, and vascular function. Possible reasons behind the current controversies on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis are then provided, including the precise molecular structures of the fatty acids, diet-gene interactions, the role of fat-soluble phytochemicals, and the impact of other nutritional factors. An important objective of this article is to highlight areas where further research is needed to clarify the role of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Fangwei Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yiwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Reinertsen AF, Vik A, Hansen TV. Biology and Total Synthesis of n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators. Molecules 2024; 29:2833. [PMID: 38930898 PMCID: PMC11206527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research over the last 25 years related to structural elucidations and biological investigations of the specialized pro-resolving mediators has spurred great interest in targeting these endogenous products in total synthesis. These lipid mediators govern the resolution of inflammation as potent and stereoselective agonists toward individual G-protein-coupled receptors, resulting in potent anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated in many human disease models. Specialized pro-resolving mediators are oxygenated polyunsaturated products formed in stereoselective and distinct biosynthetic pathways initiated by various lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes. In this review, the reported stereoselective total synthesis and biological activities of the specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the polyunsaturated fatty acid n-3 docosapentaenoic acid are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.F.R.); (A.V.)
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7
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Costenbader KH, Cook NR, Lee IM, Hahn J, Walter J, Bubes V, Kotler G, Yang N, Friedman S, Alexander EK, Manson JE. Vitamin D and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:973-983. [PMID: 38272846 DOI: 10.1002/art.42811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the 5.3-year randomized, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), vitamin D supplementation reduced autoimmune disease (AD) incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.99). Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation showed a statistically nonsignificant reduction (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.67-1.08). We aimed to confirm further AD cases arising during and after randomization and assess sustained effects with two years of postintervention observation. METHODS Of the 12,786 men aged ≥50 and 13,085 women aged ≥55 initially randomized, we observed surviving and willing participants for two more years. We continued to confirm annual participant-reported new AD by medical record review. Cox models calculated HRs for all confirmed incident AD, (and secondary endpoints, including probable cases, and individual ADs), during the observational and randomized periods. RESULTS A total of 21,592 participants (83.5%) were observed for two more years; 514 participants developed incident confirmed AD (236 since prior report), of whom 255 had been randomized to vitamin D versus 259 to vitamin D placebo (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.83-1.17] at 7 years). AD was confirmed in 234 participants initially randomized to n-3 fatty acids versus 280 randomized to its placebo (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.70-0.99] at 7 years). Of newly confirmed cases, 65 had onset during randomization; their inclusion changed randomized results as follows: HR 0.85 (95% CI 0.70-1.04) for vitamin D and HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.71-1.06) for n-3 fatty acids. CONCLUSION Two years after trial termination, the protective effects of 2000 IU/day of vitamin D dissipated, but 1,000 mg/day of n-3 fatty acids had a sustained effect in reducing AD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Hahn
- Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vadim Bubes
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nicole Yang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik K Alexander
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dhayanithy G, Mukherjee S, Subban K, Radhakrishnan S, Chelliah J. Unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid isolated from an endophyte Chaetomium nigricolor inhabiting the stem of Catharanthus roseus and its bioactivity. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1876-1884. [PMID: 38876540 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor culture filtrate's hexane extract was used to identify a cytotoxic very long-chain fatty acid. Based on multiple spectroscopic investigations, the structure of the compound was predicted to be an unsaturated fatty acid, Nonacosenoic acid (NA). Using the MTT assay, the compound's cytotoxic potential was evaluated against MCF-7, A-431, U-251, and HEK-293 T cells. The compound was moderately cytotoxic to breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7 cells and negligibly cytotoxic to non-cancerous cell line HEK-293 T cells. The compound exhibited mild cytotoxic activity against A-431 and U-251 cells. The compound also induced ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization in MCF-7 cells when assessed via the NBT and JC-1 assays, respectively. This is the first report on the production of nonacosenoic acid from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium nigricolor and the assessment of its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Cheng Q, Sun J, Zhong H, Wang Z, Liu C, Zhou S, Deng J. Research trends in lipid-lowering therapies for coronary heart disease combined with hyperlipidemia: a bibliometric study and visual analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393333. [PMID: 38828451 PMCID: PMC11140088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant global health and economic challenge, with atherosclerosis being a primary cause. Over the past 40 years, substantial research has been conducted into the prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis, resulting in the development of lipid-lowering agents such as statins and fibrates. Despite the extensive literature and formulation of numerous therapeutic guidelines in this domain, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the current research landscape and trends has not been performed. This study aimed to elucidate the evolution and milestones of research into lipid-lowering treatments for coronary heart disease (CHD) in conjunction with hyperlipidemia through bibliometric analysis, offering insights into future directions for treatment strategies. Methods This study examined publications from 1986 to 2023 retrieved from the Web of Science database (Core Collection). Utilizing tools such as VOSviewer, Pajek, and CiteSpace, we analyzed publication and citation numbers, H-indexes, contributions by countries and institutions, authorship, journal sources, and keyword usage to uncover research trajectories and areas of focus. Results Our analysis of 587 publications revealed a recent surge in research output, particularly post-2003. The American Journal of Cardiology published the highest number of studies, with 40 articles, whereas Circulation received the highest number of citations (6,266). Key contributors included the United States, Japan, and China, with the United States leading in citation numbers and the H-index. Harvard University and Leiden University emerged as pivotal institutions, and Professors J. Wouter Jukema and Robert P. Giugliano were identified as leading experts. Keyword analysis disclosed five thematic clusters, indicating a shift in research towards new drug combinations and strategies, signaling future research directions. Conclusion The last 4 decades have seen a notable rise in publications on lipid-lowering therapies for CHD and hyperlipidemia, with the United States retaining world-leading status. The increase in international collaboration aids the shift towards research into innovative lipid-lowering agents and therapeutic approaches. PCSK9 inhibitors and innovative combination therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and angiopoietin-like protein 3 inhibitors, provide avenues for future research, intending to maximize the safety and efficacy of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quankai Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haicheng Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Ziegler AK, Jensen JK, Jiménez-Gallardo L, Rissler J, Gudmundsson A, Nilsson JÅ, Isaksson C. Dietary fatty acids modulate oxidative stress response to air pollution but not to infection. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1391806. [PMID: 38784118 PMCID: PMC11112072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1391806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes to the environment expose wildlife to many pollutants. Among these, tropospheric ozone is of global concern and a highly potent pro-oxidant. In addition, human activities include several other implications for wildlife, e.g., changed food availability and changed distribution of pathogens in cities. These co-occurring habitat changes may interact, thereby modulating the physiological responses and costs related to anthropogenic change. For instance, many food items associated with humans (e.g., food waste and feeders for wild birds) contain relatively more ω6-than ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolites derived from ω6-PUFAs can enhance inflammation and oxidative stress towards a stimulus, whereas the opposite response is linked to ω3-derived metabolites. Hence, we hypothesized that differential intake of ω6-and ω3-PUFAs modulates the oxidative stress state of birds and thereby affects the responses towards pro-oxidants. To test this, we manipulated dietary ω6:ω3 ratios and ozone levels in a full-factorial experiment using captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Additionally, we simulated an infection, thereby also triggering the immune system's adaptive pro-oxidant release (i.e., oxidative burst), by injecting lipopolysaccharide. Under normal air conditions, the ω3-diet birds had a lower antioxidant ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio) compared to the ω6-diet birds. When exposed to ozone, however, the diet effect disappeared. Instead, ozone exposure overall reduced the total concentration of the key antioxidant glutathione (tGSH). Moreover, the birds on the ω6-rich diet had an overall higher antioxidant capacity (OXY) compared to birds fed a ω3-rich diet. Interestingly, only the immune challenge increased oxidative damage, suggesting the oxidative burst of the immune system overrides the other pro-oxidative processes, including diet. Taken together, our results show that ozone, dietary PUFAs, and infection all affect the redox-system, but in different ways, suggesting that the underlying responses are decoupled despite that they all increase pro-oxidant exposure or generation. Despite lack of apparent cumulative effect in the independent biomarkers, the combined single effects could together reduce overall cellular functioning and efficiency over time in wild birds exposed to pathogens, ozone, and anthropogenic food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Kjellberg Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucía Jiménez-Gallardo
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Banyś K, Jelińska M, Wrzosek M, Skrajnowska D, Wrzesień R, Bielecki W, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Inflammation Factors and Genistein Supplementation in Cancer-Preliminary Research. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2166-2180. [PMID: 38534756 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of genistein in nano, micro, and macro forms on the intensity of the DMBA-induced tumor process in rats and to understand the mechanisms of this action. The effect of genistein supplementation on the content of selected eicosanoids (HETEs, HODE, and HEPE) in the serum of rats was evaluated. The levels and expression of genes encoding various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) and MMP-9 in the blood of rats were also investigated. The biological material for the study was blood obtained from female rats of the Sprague Dawley strain (n = 32). The animals were randomly divided into four groups: animals without supplementation, and animals supplemented at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. (0.1 mg/mL) with macro, micro (587 ± 83 nm), or nano (92 ± 41 nm) genistein. To induce mammary neoplasia (adenocarcinoma), rats were given 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The content of selected eicosanoids was determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection. An immunoenzymatic method was used to determine the content of cytokines and MMP-9. The expression of the IL-6, IL-1beta, and MMP-9 genes was determined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using TaqMan probes. Based on the study, it was shown that supplementation of animals with genistein in macro, micro, and nano forms increased the intensity of the tumor process in rats. It was shown that the content of 12-HEPE, HODE, and 12-HETE in the serum of genistein-supplemented rats was statistically significantly lower with respect to the content of the aforementioned markers in the serum of rats receiving only a standard diet, devoid of supplementation. It was found that animals supplemented with nano-, micro-, and macrogenistein had higher levels of metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9, compared to animals without supplementation. There was a significant increase in MMP-9 gene expression in the blood of macrogenistein-supplemented animals, relative to the other groups of rats. On the basis of the study, it was shown that supplementation of animals with nano-, micro-, and macrogenistein had an effect on the development of the tumor process. Dietary supplementation with genistein significantly decreased the level of selected eicosanoids, which may have significant impacts on cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Banyś
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jelińska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Skrajnowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wrzesień
- Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Live Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Sherratt SCR, Mason RP, Libby P, Steg PG, Bhatt DL. Do patients benefit from omega-3 fatty acids? Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2884-2901. [PMID: 38252923 PMCID: PMC10874279 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) possess beneficial properties for cardiovascular (CV) health and elevated O3FA levels are associated with lower incident risk for CV disease (CVD.) Yet, treatment of at-risk patients with various O3FA formulations has produced disparate results in large, well-controlled and well-conducted clinical trials. Prescription formulations and fish oil supplements containing low-dose mixtures of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have routinely failed to prevent CV events in primary and secondary prevention settings when added to contemporary care, as shown most recently in the STRENGTH and OMEMI trials. However, as observed in JELIS, REDUCE-IT, and RESPECT-EPA, EPA-only formulations significantly reduce CVD events in high-risk patients. The CV mechanism of action of EPA, while certainly multifaceted, does not depend solely on reductions of circulating lipids, including triglycerides (TG) and LDL, and event reduction appears related to achieved EPA levels suggesting that the particular chemical and biological properties of EPA, as compared to DHA and other O3FAs, may contribute to its distinct clinical efficacy. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown different effects of EPA compared with DHA alone or EPA/DHA combination treatments, on atherosclerotic plaque morphology, LDL and membrane oxidation, cholesterol distribution, membrane lipid dynamics, glucose homeostasis, endothelial function, and downstream lipid metabolite function. These findings indicate that prescription-grade, EPA-only formulations provide greater benefit than other O3FAs formulations tested. This review summarizes the clinical findings associated with various O3FA formulations, their efficacy in treating CV disease, and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - R Preston Mason
- Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ph Gabriel Steg
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM_UMR1148/LVTS, FACT (French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, NewYork 10029-5674, NY, USA
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13
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Su CC, Yu CC, Shih YW, Liu KL, Chen HW, Wu CC, Yang YC, Yeh EL, Li CC. Protective Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Apoptotic Cell Death. Nutrients 2023; 15:4992. [PMID: 38068849 PMCID: PMC10708481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer ranks sixth among Taiwan's top 10 cancers and most patients with poor prognosis acquire metastases. The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been found to diminish many cancer properties. However, the anti-cancer activity of ALA in oral cancer has yet to be determined. We examined the mechanisms underlying ALA inhibition of metastasis and induction of apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Migration and invasion assays confirmed the cancer cells' EMT capabilities, whereas flow cytometry and Western blotting identified molecular pathways in OSCC. ALA dramatically reduced cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner according to the findings. Low concentrations of ALA (100 or 200 μM) inhibit colony formation, the expression of Twist and EMT-related proteins, the expression of MMP2/-9 proteins, and enzyme activity, as well as cell migration and invasion. Treatment with high concentrations of ALA (200 or 400 μM) greatly increases JNK phosphorylation and c-jun nuclear accumulation and then upregulates the FasL/caspase8/caspase3 and Bid/cytochrome c/caspase9/caspase3 pathways, leading to cell death. Low concentrations of ALA inhibit SAS and GNM cell migration and invasion by suppressing Twist and downregulating EMT-related proteins or by decreasing the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9, whereas high concentrations of ALA promote apoptosis by activating the JNK/FasL/caspase 8/caspase 3-extrinsic pathway and the Bid/cytochrome c/caspase 9 pathway. ALA demonstrates potential as a treatment for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Shih
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40678, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - En-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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14
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Pelletier D, Blier PU, Vézina F, Dufresne F, Paquin F, Christen F, Guillemette M. Under pressure-exploring partner changes, physiological responses and telomere dynamics in northern gannets across varying breeding conditions. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16457. [PMID: 38054014 PMCID: PMC10695113 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproduction and survival in species like the northern gannet (Morus bassanus). During breeding, demanding foraging conditions lead them to expand their foraging range and diversify their diet, increasing the risk of reproductive failure. Changing partners may enhance breeding success but lead to more physiological costs. Methods To investigate the physiological costs of reproduction upon partner changes, we measured and compared 21 biomarkers related to telomere dynamics, oxidative stress, inflammation, hematology, nutritional status, and muscle damage. We used a longitudinal approach with gannets (n = 38) over three contrasting years (2017, 2018 and 2019). Results Our results suggest that annual breeding conditions exert a greater influence on physiological changes than partnership status. Individuals that changed partner experienced greater short-term stress than retained partners. This transient increase in stress was marked by short-term increases in oxidative lipid damage, lower antioxidant capacity, signs of inflammation, and greater weight loss than individuals that retained partners. During favorable conditions, individuals that changed mates had stabilized telomere length, decreased antioxidant capacity, glucose concentration, and muscle damage, along with increased oxygen transport capacity. Conversely, unfavorable breeding conditions led to increased telomere attrition, stabilized antioxidant capacity, decreased inflammation susceptibility, diminished oxygen transport capacity, and increased muscle damage. In the cases where partners were retained, distinct physiological changes were observed depending on the year's conditions, yet the telomere dynamics remained consistent across both partnership status categories. During the favorable year, there was an increase in unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen transport capacity in the blood, coupled with a reduction in inflammation potential and protein catabolism. In contrast, during the unfavorable year in the retained mates, we observed an increase in oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant capacity, weight loss, but a decrease in inflammation susceptibility as observed in changed mates. Discussion Our study shows that behavioral flexibility such as mate switching can help seabirds cope with the challenges of food scarcity during reproduction, but these coping strategies may have a negative impact on physiological status at the individual level. In addition, the marked reduction in telomere length observed during harsh conditions, coupled with the stabilization of telomere length in favorable conditions, highlights the long-term physiological impact of annual breeding conditions on seabirds. These findings underscore the effect on their potential survival and fitness, emphasizing that the influence of annual breeding conditions is greater than that of partnership status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pelletier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Cégep de Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Paquin
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Felix Christen
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Magella Guillemette
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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15
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Shi DD, Fang YJ, Jiang YL, Dong T, Zhang ZL, Ma T, Zhou RL, Ou QJ, Zhang CX. Serum levels of n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1239-1249. [PMID: 36746393 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating n-3 PUFA, which integrate endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA, can be better used to investigate the relationship between n-3 PUFA and disease. However, studies examining the associations between circulating n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk were limited, and the results remained inconclusive. This case–control study aimed to examine the association between serum n-3 PUFA and CRC risk in Chinese population. A total of 680 CRC cases and 680 sex- and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were included. Fatty acids were assayed by GC. OR and 95 % CI were calculated using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher level of serum α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of CRC. The adjusted OR and 95 % CI were 0·34 (0·24, 0·49, Pfor trend < 0·001) for ALA, 0·57 (0·40, 0·80, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DPA, 0·48 (0·34, 0·68, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DHA, 0·39 (0·27, 0·56, Pfor trend < 0·001) for long-chain n-3 PUFA and 0·31 (0·22, 0·45, Pfor trend < 0·001) for total n-3 PUFA comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. However, there was no statistically significant association between EPA and odds of CRC. Analysis stratified by sex showed that ALA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of CRC in both sexes. This study indicated that serum ALA, DPA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of having CRC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
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16
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Trauchburg A, Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Association between Dietary Indices and Dietary Patterns and Mortality and Cancer Recurrence among Cancer Survivors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3151. [PMID: 37513568 PMCID: PMC10385219 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly; however, specific lifestyle recommendations for these patients are still sparse, including dietary approaches. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the associations between adherence to diet-quality indices and dietary patterns on overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science between 18 May 2016 and 22 May 2022 with no language restrictions. Thirty-nine studies were included for quantitative analysis, providing data from 77,412 participants. Adherence to both diet-quality indices and a healthy/prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with overall mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92, respectively) and with cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94; RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97, respectively). These associations could be observed following assessment of dietary patterns either pre- and/or postdiagnosis. For unhealthy/western dietary patterns, high adherence was associated with overall mortality (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47). Although the certainty of evidence was rated as low, we conclude that there are no reservations against high adherence to healthy dietary patterns or indices in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Trauchburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Jensen M, Poulsen R, Langebæk R, Jenssen BM, Moe J, Ciesielski TM, Dietz R, Sonne C, Madsen J, Hansen M. The metabolome of pink-footed goose: Heavy metals and lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116043. [PMID: 37156351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife is exposed to mixtures of environmental contaminants that affect health and population dynamics. Exposure to toxic heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources may exert metabolic effects at even low exposure concentrations. Here we investigated the relationships between heavy metal exposure and metabolic changes in the migratory bird pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). We used blood pellet and blood plasma samples from 27 free-ranging pink-footed geese to study heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) exposure in relation to the metabolome. The results relate blood concentrations of Cd (range: 0.218-1.09 ng/g), Cr (range: 0.299-5.60 ng/g), and Hg (range: 2.63-6.00 ng/g) to signal areas of fatty acids and other lipids, while no correlations were identified for Pb level (range: 21.0-64.2 ng/g) exposure. Lipid signal areas were negatively associated with concentrations of Cr and positively associated with Hg exposure (both p < 0.05). α-Linolenic acid and 9-oxononanoic acid were negatively correlated to Cr exposure (both p < 0.05) and were related in the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Compared to known thresholds for aviary species, the heavy metal concentrations are below levels of toxicity, which may explain the low number of metabolites that significantly change. Nevertheless, the heavy metal exposure is still correlated to changes in the lipid metabolism that may reduce migrating birds' breeding success and increase mortality for an exposed part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rikke Langebæk
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanna Moe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, NO-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper Madsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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18
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Xu Q, Zhang Z, Tang M, Xing C, Chen H, Zheng K, Zhao Z, Zhou S, Zhao AZ, Li F, Mu Y. Endogenous production of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mitigates cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by regulating NRF2-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 201:14-25. [PMID: 36906190 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a wide range of cancers. A common side effect of cisplatin is myelosuppression. Research suggests that oxidative damages are strongly and consistently related to myelosuppression during cisplatin treatment. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells. Herein, we investigated the protective benefit of endogenous ω-3 PUFAs on cisplatin-induced myelosuppression and the underlying signaling pathways using a transgenic mfat-1 mouse model. The expression of mfat-1 gene can increase endogenous levels of ω-3 PUFAs by enzymatically converting ω-6 PUFAs. Cisplatin treatment reduced peripheral blood cells and bone marrow nucleated cells, induced DNA damage, increased the production of reactive oxygen species, and activated p53-mediated apoptosis in bone marrow (BM) cells of wild-type mice. In the transgenics, the elevated tissue ω-3 PUFAs rendered a robust preventative effect on these cisplatin-induced damages. Importantly, we identified that the activation of NRF2 by ω-3 PUFAs could trigger an antioxidant response and inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis by increasing the expression of MDM2 in BM cells. Thus, endogenous ω-3 PUFAs enrichment can strongly prevent cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by inhibiting oxidative damage and regulating the NRF2-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. Elevation of tissue ω-3 PUFAs may represent a promising treatment strategy to prevent the side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Xu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongmeng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Minyi Tang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Xing
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hansi Chen
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Sujin Zhou
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunping Mu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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D'Avanzo B, Ardoino I, Negri E, Serraino D, Crispo A, Giacosa A, Garavello W, Bravi F, Turati F, Bosetti C, Fattore E, La Vecchia C, Franchi C. Canned Fish Consumption and Upper Digestive Tract Cancers. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:707-712. [PMID: 36495166 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2154078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canned fish is a widely consumed and affordable food whose effect on cancer risk has been little investigated. We studied its effect on risk of upper digestive tract cancers using data from a network of hospital-based case-control studies from Northern Italy providing information about canned fish consumption as a separate item and including a total of 946 patients with oral cavity and pharynx cancer, 304 patients with esophageal cancer, 230 patients with gastric cancer and 3273 controls. Twenty-three percent of patients with cancer of the oral cavity or pharynx and 26% of those with cancer of the stomach consumed ≥1 serving per week of canned fish, compared to 40% and 49% of the respective control group. Among cases of esophageal cancer and controls 22% consumed ≥1 serving per week of canned fish. Odds ratios for ≥1 vs <1 portion per week were 0.79 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.64-0.97) for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for stomach cancer, whereas there was no inverse association with esophageal cancer. These findings suggest a favorable role of canned fish for selected upper digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D'Avanzo
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ardoino
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Italian Institute for Planetary Health (IIPH), Milan, Italy
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20
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Chen J, Ruan X, Sun Y, Li X, Yuan S, Larsson SC. Plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomization study. Nutrition 2023; 106:111910. [PMID: 36459845 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), cirrhosis, and liver cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the causality of the associations of plasma phospholipid AA with NALFD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer using Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS Nine independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma phospholipid AA at the genome-wide significance were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for three outcomes were obtained from 1) a genome-wide association study for NAFLD, 2) the UK Biobank study, and 3) the FinnGen study. The sensitivity analysis excluding the pleiotropic variant rs174547 in the FADS1 gene was performed. Estimates from different sources were combined using the fixed-effects meta-analysis method. RESULTS Per standard deviation increase in AA levels, the combined odds ratio was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.11; P = 0.008) for NAFLD, 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09; P = 0.009) for cirrhosis, and 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.05; P = 0.765) for liver cancer. The associations remained stable in the sensitivity analysis excluding rs174547. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests potential causal associations of high levels of plasma phospholipid AA with the risk of NAFLD and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Shafie F, Tajadod S, Aslany Z, Allahyari P, Vahdat M, Shekari S, Mohseni GK, Gholamalizadeh M, Mohammadi S, Bahar B, Shafaei H, Doaei S. Breast cancer and dietary fat quality indices in Iranian women: A case-control study. Front Oncol 2023; 12:993397. [PMID: 36741722 PMCID: PMC9895810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between breast cancer (BC) and different indices of dietary fats has not been well-studied. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between BC and dietary fat quality (DFQ) indices in Iranian women. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 120 women with breast cancer and 240 healthy women in Tehran, Iran. Food Frequency Questionnaire and nutritionist IV software were used to assess the intake of dietary fats and to calculate the DFQ indices. Results The patients with BC had a higher total fat (TF) (P < 0.01) and a lower ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-3 to PUFAs omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) compared with the controls (P < 0.001). TF had a significant association with BC risk (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between BC and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio or the ω-3/ω-6 ratio. Conclusion The patients with BC had a lower ω-3/ω-6 ratio and a higher total dietary fat intake than the healthy women. Total dietary fat intake was also directly associated with the risk of BC. Thus, low-fat diets may have beneficial effects for BC prevention. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafie
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School Of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslany
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary ph.D. program in Nutrition (OSUN), Columbus, United States,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, United States
| | - Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vahdat
- Aboozar Children’s Medical Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Saeid Doaei,
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22
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Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease: the Debate Continues. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1-17. [PMID: 36580204 PMCID: PMC9834373 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have recently undergone testing for their ability to reduce residual cardiovascular (CV) risk among statin-treated subjects. The outcome trials have yielded highly inconsistent results, perhaps attributable to variations in dosage, formulation, and composition. In particular, CV trials using icosapent ethyl (IPE), a highly purified ethyl ester of EPA, reproducibly reduced CV events and progression of atherosclerosis compared with mixed EPA/DHA treatments. This review summarizes the mechanistic evidence for differences among n3-FAs on the development and manifestations of atherothrombotic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Large randomized clinical trials with n3-FAs have produced discordant outcomes despite similar patient profiles, doses, and triglyceride (TG)-lowering effects. A large, randomized trial with IPE, a prescription EPA only formulation, showed robust reduction in CV events in statin treated patients in a manner proportional to achieved blood EPA concentrations. Multiple trials using mixed EPA/DHA formulations have not shown such benefits, despite similar TG lowering. These inconsistencies have inspired investigations into mechanistic differences among n3-FAs, as EPA and DHA have distinct membrane interactions, metabolic products, effects on cholesterol efflux, antioxidant properties, and tissue distribution. EPA maintains normal membrane cholesterol distribution, enhances endothelial function, and in combination with statins improves features implicated in plaque stability and reduces lipid content of plaques. Insights into reductions in residual CV risk have emerged from clinical trials using different formulations of n3-FAs. Among high-risk patients on contemporary care, mixed n3-FA formulations showed no reduction in CV events. The distinct benefits of IPE in multiple trials may arise from pleiotropic actions that correlate with on-treatment EPA levels beyond TG-lowering. These effects include altered platelet function, inflammation, cholesterol distribution, and endothelial dysfunction. Elucidating such mechanisms of vascular protection for EPA may lead to new interventions for atherosclerosis, a disease that continues to expand worldwide.
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23
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Islam MR, Akash S, Rahman MM, Nowrin FT, Akter T, Shohag S, Rauf A, Aljohani AS, Simal-Gandara J. Colon cancer and colorectal cancer: Prevention and treatment by potential natural products. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Bang G, Park JH, Park C, Kim KJ, Kim JK, Lee SY, Kim JY, Park YH. High-resolution metabolomics-based biomarker discovery using exhaled breath condensate from patients with lung cancer. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEarly diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving the survival of patients with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we investigated whether the metabolomics analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with lung cancer can provide biomarkers that can be used for noninvasive screening for lung cancer diagnosis. EBC samples obtained from patients with lung cancer (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 5) were subjected to high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Univariate analysis, with a false discovery rate (FDR), q = 0.05, and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to discover significantly different metabolites between the healthy controls and patients with lung cancer. This was followed by the identification of the metabolites using the METLIN database. Pathway analysis based on the identified metabolites revealed that arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was the most significantly affected pathway. Finally, 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) (m/z 343.2233, [M + Na]+), a metabolite involved in AA metabolism, was found to be significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than in healthy counterparts. Our finding suggested that the HRM of EBC samples is a useful approach for identifying biomarkers for noninvasive screening for lung cancer diagnosis.
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25
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Santos AL, Ionta M, Horvath RO, Soares MG, Silva DO, Kawafune ES, Ferreira MJP, Sartorelli P. Dereplication of Cytochalasans and Octaketides in Cytotoxic Extracts of Endophytic Fungi from Casearia arborea (Salicaceae). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100903. [PMID: 36295805 PMCID: PMC9611219 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes have been shown to be a source of novel drug prototypes. The Casearia genus is known for presenting cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes; however, there are few reports on secondary metabolites produced by its fungal microbiota. Thus, in the present study endophytic fungi obtained from the fresh leaves of C. arborea were grown in potato dextrose broth and rice to perform a secondary metabolite prospection study. The cytotoxic profile of the crude extracts at 10 µg/mL was determined by a colorimetric assay on tumor cell lines. The endophytes producing cytotoxic extracts were identified through phylogenetic analysis and belong to Diaporthe and Colletotrichum species. Metabolites present in these extracts were organized in molecular networking format based on HRMS-MS, and a dereplication process was performed to target compounds for chromatographic purification. Metabolic classes, such as lipids, peptides, alkaloids, and polyketides were annotated, and octaketide and cytochalasin derivatives were investigated. Cytochalasin H was purified from the cytotoxic Diaporthe sp. CarGL8 extract and its cytotoxic activity was determined on human cancer cell lines A549, MCF-7, and HepG2. The data collected in the present study showed that molecular networking is useful to understand the chemical profile of complex matrices to target compounds, minimizing the cost and time spent in purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto L. Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Renato O. Horvath
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Marisi G. Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele O. Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Eunizinis S. Kawafune
- Botany Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J. P. Ferreira
- Botany Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.F.); (P.S.)
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26
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Wang T, Brown NM, McCoy AN, Sandler RS, Keku TO. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4443. [PMID: 36139601 PMCID: PMC9496906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are thought to protect against colorectal adenoma (CRA) development. We aimed to further understand the underlying mechanisms by examining the relationships between ω-3 PUFAs and the gut microbiota on CRAs. We assessed the mucosal microbiota via bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing among 217 CRA cases and 218 controls who completed PUFA intake questionnaires. The overall microbial composition was assessed by α-diversity measurements (diversity, richness, and evenness). Global metabolomics was conducted using a random subset of case−control pairs (n = 50). We compared microbiota and metabolite signatures between cases and controls according to fold change (FC). Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from logistic regression for associations of ω-3 PUFAs and the microbiota with CRAs. We observed an inverse association between overall ω-3 PUFA intake and CRAs, especially for short-chain ω -3 PUFAs (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.97). Such inverse associations were modified by bacterial evenness (p-interaction = 0.03). Participants with higher levels (FC > 2) of bile acid-relevant metabolites were more likely to have CRAs than the controls, and the correlation between bile acids and bacterial diversity differed by case−control status. Our findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs are inversely associated with CRA development, and the association may be modified by gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole M. Brown
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amber N. McCoy
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert S. Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Temitope O. Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Disease and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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27
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Gholamalizadeh M, Majidi N, Tajaddod S, Abdollahi S, Poorhosseini SM, Ahmadzadeh M, Naimi Joubani M, Mirzaei Dahka S, Shafaei H, Hajiesmaeil M, Alizadeh A, Doaei S, Houshiar-Rad A. Interactions of Colorectal Cancer, Dietary Fats, and Polymorphisms of Arachidonate Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Genes: A Literature Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:865208. [PMID: 35928873 PMCID: PMC9343633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveGenetics and dietary factors play important roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of the interactions between CRC, gene polymorphisms, and dietary fat are unclear. This review study investigated the effects of polymorphisms of arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) genes in the association between CRC and dietary fat.MethodsAll the related papers published from 2000 to 2022 were collected from different databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochran using related keywords such as colorectal cancer, ALOX, COX, polymorphism, and dietary fat. Non-English and unrelated documents were excluded.ResultsSome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ALOX and COX genes, such as rs2228065, rs6413416, and rs4986832 in the ALOX gene, and rs689465 in the COX gene may play significant roles in the association between the risk of CRC and dietary fats. SNPs of ALOX and COX genes may influence the effects of dietary fatty acids on the risk of CRC.ConclusionSome polymorphisms of the ALOX and COX genes may have important roles in the effects of dietary fat on the risk of CRC. If future studies confirm these results, dietary recommendations for preventing colorectal cancer may be personalized based on the genotype of the ALOX and COX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Majidi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajaddod
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Poorhosseini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naimi Joubani
- Research Center of Health and Enviroment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mogge Hajiesmaeil
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ”Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Atiyeh Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saeid Doaei, ; Anahita Houshiar-Rad,
| | - Anahita Houshiar-Rad
- Dept. of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saeid Doaei, ; Anahita Houshiar-Rad,
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28
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Sherratt SCR, Libby P, Bhatt DL, Mason RP. A biological rationale for the disparate effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 182:102450. [PMID: 35690002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rapidly incorporate into cell membranes where they modulate signal transduction pathways, lipid raft formation, and cholesterol distribution. Membrane n3-FAs also form specialized pro-resolving mediators and other intracellular oxylipins that modulate inflammatory pathways, including T-cell differentiation and gene expression. Cardiovascular (CV) trials have shown that EPA, administered as icosapent ethyl (IPE), reduces composite CV events, along with plaque volume, in statin-treated, high-risk patients. Mixed EPA/DHA regimens have not shown these benefits, perhaps as the result of differences in formulation, dosage, or potential counter-regulatory actions of DHA. Indeed, EPA and DHA have distinct, tissue-specific effects on membrane structural organization and cell function. This review summarizes: (1) results of clinical outcome and imaging trials using n3-FA formulations; (2) membrane interactions of n3-FAs; (3) effects of n3-FAs on membrane oxidative stress and cholesterol crystalline domain formation during hyperglycemia; (4) n3-FA effects on endothelial function; (5) role of n3-FA-generated metabolites in inflammation; and (6) ongoing and future clinical investigations exploring treatment targets for n3-FAs, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03823, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA
| | - R Preston Mason
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA.
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29
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Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds in Seafood: Quantitative Literature Research Analysis. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This perspective presents current and updated advances in research on nutrients and bioactive compounds in seafood. It is based on a literature quantitative research analysis approach. The main features of seafood components are introduced. This perspective aims at providing a current framework that relates nutrients, bioactive compounds, and seafood in a novel integrated and multidisciplinary manner, highlighting the current knowledge, the main research lines, and emerging strategies. The literature search was carried out by means of the Scopus database, and 22,542 documents were retrieved in the period from 1932 to 2024. Particularly, from the perspective of nutrition and health outputs, the main terms correlated with research on the relationship between seafood and nutritional and bioactive components, and the main existing research lines focused on this topic, were identified. The top recurring keywords were human/s, female, diet, nutrition, fish, male, adult, food intake.
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Mason RP, Sherratt SCR, Eckel RH. Omega-3-fatty acids: Do they prevent cardiovascular disease? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 37:101681. [PMID: 35739003 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) reductions with high-intensity statins, there remains residual risk among patients with metabolic disorders. Alongside low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), elevated triglycerides (TG) are associated with incident CVD events. Omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lower TG levels, but their ability to reduce CV risk has been highly inconsistent. Trials using icosapent ethyl (IPE), a purified EPA ethyl ester, produced reductions in CVD events and atherosclerotic plaque regression compared with mixed EPA/DHA formulations despite similar TG-reductions. The separate effects of EPA and DHA on tissue distribution, oxidative stress, inflammation, membrane structure and endothelial function may contribute to these discordant outcomes. Additional mechanistic trials will provide further insights into the role of n3-FAs in reducing CVD risk beyond TG lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preston Mason
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03823, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1635 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Mohammadihaji R, Gheibi N, Amiri S, Adibzadeh S, Abdolmaleki F, Elmi A, Rahmani B, Azad M. The effect of ω-6 fatty acid on WT1 and WIF-1 genes expression and inducing apoptosis in A375 melanoma cell line. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Dawson-Hughes B, Manz MG, Theiler R, Braendle K, Vellas B, Rizzoli R, Kressig RW, Staehelin HB, Da Silva JAP, Armbrecht G, Egli A, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Gaengler S. Combined Vitamin D, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and a Simple Home Exercise Program May Reduce Cancer Risk Among Active Adults Aged 70 and Older: A Randomized Clinical Trial. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:852643. [PMID: 35821820 PMCID: PMC9261319 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.852643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to test the individual and combined benefit of vitamin D, omega-3, and a simple home strength exercise program on the risk of any invasive cancer. Design: The DO-HEALTH trial is a three-year, multicenter, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design double-blind, randomized-controlled trial to test the individual and combined benefit of three public health interventions. Setting: The trial was conducted between December 2012 and December 2017 in five European countries. Participants: Generally healthy community-dwelling adults ≥70 years were recruited. Interventions: Supplemental 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3, and/or 1 g/day of marine omega-3s, and/or a simple home strength exercise (SHEP) programme compared to placebo and control exercise. Main outcome: In this pre-defined exploratory analysis, time-to-development of any verified invasive cancer was the primary outcome in an adjusted, intent-to-treat analysis. Results: In total, 2,157 participants (mean age 74.9 years; 61.7% women; 40.7% with 25-OH vitamin D below 20 /ml, 83% at least moderately physically active) were randomized. Over a median follow-up of 2.99 years, 81 invasive cancer cases were diagnosed and verified. For the three individual treatments, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CI, cases intervention versus control) were 0.76 (0.49-1.18; 36 vs. 45) for vitamin D3, 0.70 (0.44-1.09, 32 vs. 49) for omega-3s, and 0.74 (0.48-1.15, 35 vs. 46) for SHEP. For combinations of two treatments, adjusted HRs were 0.53 (0.28-1.00; 15 vs. 28 cases) for omega-3s plus vitamin D3; 0.56 (0.30-1.04; 11 vs. 21) for vitamin D3 plus SHEP; and 0.52 (0.28-0.97; 12 vs. 26 cases) for omega-3s plus SHEP. For all three treatments combined, the adjusted HR was 0.39 (0.18-0.85; 4 vs. 12 cases). Conclusion: Supplementation with daily high-dose vitamin D3 plus omega-3s, combined with SHEP, showed cumulative reduction in the cancer risk in generally healthy and active and largely vitamin D-replete adults ≥70 years. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01745263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital-Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Clinic for Aging Medicine, Zurich City Hospital-Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Markus G. Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Theiler
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital-Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Braendle
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital-Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- UMR INSERM 1027, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut Du Vieillissement, Center Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannes B. Staehelin
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - José A. P. Da Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Klinik für Radiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Egli
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital-Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John A. Kanis
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Endel J. Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Gaengler
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich City Hospital-Waid and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Franchi C, Ardoino I, Bosetti C, Negri E, Serraino D, Crispo A, Giacosa A, Fattore E, Dolci A, Bravi F, Turati F, La Vecchia C, D’Avanzo B. Inverse Association between Canned Fish Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Analysis of Two Large Case-Control Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081663. [PMID: 35458225 PMCID: PMC9025960 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish is among the foods exerting favourable effects on colorectal cancer (CRC), but the possible role of canned fish has been insufficiently investigated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between canned fish consumption and CRC risk. We analysed data from two case−control studies conducted between 1992 and 2010 in several Italian areas, comprising a total of 2419 incident cases and 4723 hospital controls. Canned fish consumption was analysed according to the weekly frequency of consumption as <1 serving per week (s/w) (reference category), 1 < 2 s/w, and ≥2 s/w. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression models, adjusting for several recognised confounding factors. Overall, canned fish consumption was lower among cases than among controls (23.8% vs. 28.6%). An inverse association was found between canned fish consumption and CRC risk with a significant trend in risk (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71−0.92 for intermediate consumption and OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51−0.85 for the highest one), which was consistent across strata of several covariates. This study is the first to offer a basis of support for canned fish consumption as a component of a healthy diet, and it has relevant public health implications given the high ranking of CRC in incidence and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Franchi
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (I.A.); (B.D.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health (IIPH), 20156 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-39014580; Fax: +39-02-39001916
| | - Ilaria Ardoino
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (I.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 33108 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alberto Dolci
- Research and Development Department, Bolton Food SpA, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Barbara D’Avanzo
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (I.A.); (B.D.)
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Taha HM, Rozek LS, Chen X, Li Z, Zarins KR, Slade AN, Wolf GT, Arthur AE. Risk of Disease Recurrence and Mortality Varies by Type of Fat Consumed before Cancer Treatment in a Longitudinal Cohort of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Nutr 2022; 152:1298-1305. [PMID: 35170737 PMCID: PMC9071333 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between specific types of fat and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) recurrence and mortality rates have not yet been examined. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine how intakes of various fat subtypes before cancer treatment are associated with recurrence and mortality in adults diagnosed with HNSCC. METHODS This was a secondary analysis longitudinal cohort study of data collected from 476 newly diagnosed patients with HNSCC. Patients completed baseline FFQs and epidemiologic health surveys. Recurrence and mortality events were collected annually. Fat intakes examined included long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), PUFAs, ω-3 (n-3) PUFAs, ω-6 (n-6) PUFAs, MUFAs, animal fats, vegetable fats, saturated FAs, and trans fats. Associations between fat intake (categorized into tertiles) and time to event were tested using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, human papillomavirus status, tumor site, cancer stage, and total caloric intake. Intake of fats was compared with the lowest tertile. RESULTS During the study period, there were 115 recurrent and 211 death events. High LCFA intake was associated with a reduced all-cause mortality risk (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.91; P-trend = 0.02). High unsaturated FA intake was associated with a reduced all-cause mortality risk (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.97; P-trend = 0.04) and HNSCC-specific mortality risk (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.90; P-trend = 0.02). High intakes of ω-3 PUFAs (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.91; P-trend = 0.02) and ω-6 PUFAs (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.94; P-trend = 0.02) were significantly associated with a reduced all-cause mortality risk. There were no significant associations between other fat types and recurrence or mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective survival cohort of 476 newly diagnosed patients with HNSCC, our data suggest that HNSCC prognosis may vary depending on the fat types consumed before cancer treatment. Clinical intervention trials should test these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania M Taha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA,Augusta Victoria Hospital, The Lutheran World Federation, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Zonggui Li
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander N Slade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Role of EPA in Inflammation: Mechanisms, Effects, and Clinical Relevance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020242. [PMID: 35204743 PMCID: PMC8961629 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic inflammatory processes are linked with the continuous release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of harmful signal-transduction pathways that are able to facilitate disease progression. In this context atherosclerosis represents the most common pathological substrate of coronary heart disease, and the characterization of the disease as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is now validated. The biomarkers of inflammation associated with clinical cardiovascular risk support the theory that targeted anti-inflammatory treatment appears to be a promising strategy in reducing residual cardiovascular risk. Several literature data highlight cardioprotective effects of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This PUFA lowers plasma triglyceride levels and has potential beneficial effects on atherosclerotic plaques. Preclinical studies reported that EPA reduces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels. Clinical studies in patients with coronary artery disease that receive pharmacological statin therapy suggest that EPA may decrease plaque vulnerability preventing plaque progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the links between inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors, importantly focusing on the role of diet, in particular examining the proposed role of EPA as well as the success or failure of standard pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Robinson GF, Sooda KKY, Phillips RM, Allison SJ, Javid FA. Investigation of the cytotoxicity induced by didocosahexaenoin, an omega 3 derivative, in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100085. [PMID: 35112078 PMCID: PMC8790608 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity induced by an omega-3 derivative, didocosahexaenoin (Dido) on human prostate carcinoma cells and to compare the cytotoxicity to that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Different carcinoma- and non-carcinoma cells were exposed to various concentrations of omega-3 compounds at varying exposure times and the cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. The mechanism of Dido-induced apoptosis was investigated in prostate carcinoma cells. Dido induced stronger cytotoxicity than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Dido was also more selective and potent in inducing cytotoxicity in prostate carcinoma cells than other carcinoma cell lines tested. Pre-treatment with Dido increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate carcinoma cells. Pre-treatment with various antioxidants reduced the cytotoxicity induced by Dido. Pre-treatment with Dido ≥30 μM also induced apoptosis which was suggested to involve an externalisation of phosphatidyl serine, a significant increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.01) and the level of activated caspase 3/7 (p < 0.05) in prostate carcinoma cells. This study is the first to show that Dido induced cytotoxicity with high selectivity and higher potency than DHA in human prostate carcinoma cells. The mechanism of action is likely to involve an increase in the level of ROS, loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as externalisation of phosphatidyl serine and increase in the caspase 3/7 activity. Dido may have potential to be used for the adjuvant therapy or combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Kartheek KY. Sooda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Simon J. Allison
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Farideh A. Javid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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Liu Y, Tian Y, Guo Y, Yan Z, Xue C, Wang J. DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine suppressed angiogenesis by activating PPARγ and modulating the VEGFR2/Ras/ERK pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1543-1553. [PMID: 34868703 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) is a new generation of omega-3 lipids, which contains an ester bond linking DHA at the sn-2 position of phospholipid. DHA-PC has become the interest recently as its better bioavailability and anti-oxidation capacity. In this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of DHA-PC was evaluated. The capacities of proliferation, migration, tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were significantly declined after DHA-PC treatment. Furthermore, DHA-PC inhibited the neovascularization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Mechanism results indicated that DHA-PC enhances the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at transcriptional and translational level, subsequently down-regulates the VEGFR2 expression and VEGFR2-mediated downstream Ras/ERK pathway, resulting in significant reduction in proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, PPARγ-specific antagonist GW9662 partly reversed the inhibition effects of DHA-PC on tube formation and neovascularization, suggesting that DHA-PC exerts anti-angiogenesis effect through activating PPARγ. These findings indicated that DHA-PC has a great prospect of anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Jeong DW, Lee S, Chun YS. How cancer cells remodel lipid metabolism: strategies targeting transcription factors. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:163. [PMID: 34775964 PMCID: PMC8590761 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of lipid metabolism has received increasing recognition as a hallmark of cancer cells because lipid dysregulation and the alteration of related enzyme profiles are closely correlated with oncogenic signals and malignant phenotypes, such as metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we describe recent findings that support the importance of lipids, as well as the transcription factors involved in cancer lipid metabolism. With recent advances in transcription factor analysis, including computer-modeling techniques, transcription factors are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Considering the limited number and the crucial role of transcription factors associated with lipid rewiring in cancers, transcription factor targeting is a promising potential strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seulbee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Sano CD, D'Anna C, Scurria A, Lino C, Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R, Pace E. Mesoporous silica particles functionalized with newly extracted fish oil (Omeg@Silica) inhibit lung cancer cell growth. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2061-2074. [PMID: 34533057 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess whether Omeg@Silica microparticles - fish oil from anchovy fillet leftovers (AnchoisOil) encapsulated within mesoporous silica particles - are effective in promoting antitumor effects in lung cancer cells. Methods: Three human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, Colo 699 and SK-MES-1) were used. Cells were treated with AnchoisOil dispersed in ethanol (10 and 15 μg/ml) or encapsulated in silica and further formulated in aqueous ethanol. Cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial stress and long-term proliferation were assessed. Results & conclusion: Omeg@Silica microparticles were more effective than fish oil in increasing reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, and in altering the cell cycle and reducing cell proliferation, in lung cancer cells. These in vitro antitumor effects of Omeg@Silica support its investigation in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Di Sano
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Anna
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Antonino Scurria
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Claudia Lino
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
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Cruz-Gregorio A, Aranda-Rivera AK, Ortega-Lozano AJ, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Mendoza-Hoffmann F. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in HPV-related cancers. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:226-236. [PMID: 34129929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs) are associated with the development of cervical, anus, vagina, vulva, penis, and oropharynx cancer. HR-HPVs target and modify the function of different cell biomolecules such as glucose, amino acids, lipids, among others. The latter induce cell proliferation, cell death evasion, and genomic instability resulting in cell transformation. Moreover, lipids are essential biomolecules in HR-HPVs infection and cell vesicular trafficking. They are also critical in producing cellular energy, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and therapy resistance of HPV-related cancers. HPV proteins induce oxidative stress (OS), which in turn promotes lipid peroxidation and cell damage, resulting in cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. HR-HPV-related cancer cells cope with OS and lipid peroxidation, preventing cell death; however, these cells are sensitized by OS, which could be used as a target for redox therapies to induce their elimination. This review focuses on the role of lipids in HR-HPV infection and HPV-related cancer development, maintenance, resistance to therapy, and the possible treatments associated with lipids. Furthermore, we emphasize the significant role of OS in lipid peroxidation to induce cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis to eliminate HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratorio F-225, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ariadna Jazmin Ortega-Lozano
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Mendoza-Hoffmann
- IHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, China; Laboratorio F-206, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Dianatinasab M, Wesselius A, de Loeij T, Salehi-Abargouei A, Yu EYW, Fararouei M, Brinkman M, van den Brandt P, White E, Weiderpass E, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Liedberg F, Skeie G, Tjonneland A, Riboli E, Zeegers MP. The association between meat and fish consumption and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:781-792. [PMID: 34036467 PMCID: PMC8416827 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the effects of meat consumption from different sources on the risk of bladder cancer (BC) is limited and controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between meat consumption and BC risk using a pooled data approach. Individual data from 11 prospective cohorts comprising 2848 BC cases and 515,697 non-cases with a total of 5,498,025 person-years of follow-up was pooled and analysed to investigate the potential associations between total red meat and products, red meat, processed meat, poultry and total fish and BC risk. Hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox regression models stratified on cohort. Overall, an increased BC risk was found for high intake of organ meat (HR comparing highest with lowest tertile: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.36, p-trend = 0.03). On the contrary, a marginally inverse association was observed for total fish intake and BC risk among men (HR comparing highest with lowest tertile: 0.79, 95% CI 0.65, 0.97, p-trend = 0.04). No associations were observed for other meat sources. Results of this prospective study suggest that organ meat consumption may be associated with BC development. Replication in large-scale prospective studies and investigation of possible causal mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessa de Loeij
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Evan Y W Yu
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Studies and Nutritional Epidemiology, Nutrition Biomed Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Schools for Oncology and Developmental Biology and Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel40 (RoomC5.570), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Seviiri M, Law MH, Ong JS, Gharahkhani P, Nyholt DR, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC, MacGregor S. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and the Risk of Keratinocyte Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1591-1598. [PMID: 34088753 PMCID: PMC9306272 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte cancer is the commonest cancer, imposing a high economic burden on the health care system. Observational studies have shown mixed associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and keratinocyte cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We explored whether genetically predicted PUFA levels are associated with BCC and SCC risks. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using PUFA level genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (n > 8,000), and the meta-analysis GWASs from UKB, 23andMe, and Qskin for BCC (n = 651,138) and SCC (n = 635,331) risk. RESULTS One SD increase in genetically predicted levels of linoleic acid [OR = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-0.97, P = 1.4 × 10-4] and alpha-linolenic acid (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.96, P = 5.1 × 10-4) was associated with a reduced BCC risk, while arachidonic acid (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06, P = 3.2 × 10-4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16, P = 1.5 × 10-3) were associated with an increased BCC risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher genetically predicted levels of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced BCC risk, but arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were associated with a higher BCC risk. IMPACT PUFA-related diet and supplementation could influence BCC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Corresponding Author: Mathias Seviiri, Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia. Phone: 617-3845-3809; Fax: 617-3362-0111; E-mail:
| | - Matthew H. Law
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jue Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Xu X, Wang Y, Choi WS, Sun X, Godbout R. Super resolution microscopy reveals DHA-dependent alterations in glioblastoma membrane remodelling and cell migration. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9706-9722. [PMID: 34018532 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7; B-FABP) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration and is associated with tumor infiltration, properties associated with a poor prognosis in GBM patients. FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cells are known to drive tumor migration/infiltration and resistance to treatment. We have previously shown that FABP7's effects on cell migration can be reversed when GBM cells are cultured in medium supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we use super-resolution imaging on patient-derived GBM stem-like cells to examine the importance of FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands in mitigating GBM cell migration. As FABPs are involved in fatty acid transport from membrane to cytosol, we focus on the effect of FABP7 and its ligand DHA on GBM membrane remodeling, as well as FABP7 nanoscale domain formation on GBM membrane. Using quantitative plasma membrane lipid order imaging, we show that FABP7 expression in GBM cells correlates with increased membrane lipid order, with DHA dramatically decreasing lipid order. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we observe non-uniform distribution of FABP7 on the surface of GBM cells, with FABP7 forming punctate nanoscale domains of ∼100 nm in diameter. These nanodomains are particularly enriched at the migrating front of GBM cells. Interestingly, FABP7 nanodomains are disrupted when GBM cells are cultured in DHA-supplemented medium. We demonstrate a tight link between cell migration, a higher membrane lipid order and increased FABP7 nanoscale domains. We propose that DHA-mediated disruption of membrane lipid order and FABP7 nanodomains forms the basis of FABP7/DHA-mediated inhibition of cell migration in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Larsson SC, Carter P, Vithayathil M, Mason AM, Michaëlsson K, Baron JA, Burgess S. Genetically predicted plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid concentrations and 10 site-specific cancers in UK biobank and genetic consortia participants: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3332-3337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Linseisen J, Grundmann N, Zoller D, Kühn T, Jansen EHJM, Chajès V, Fedirko V, Weiderpass E, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Rothwell JA, Severi G, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Aleksandrova K, Sieri S, Panico S, Tumino R, Masala G, De Marco L, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Vermeulen R, Gram IT, Skeie G, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Wennberg M, Bodén S, Perez-Cornago A, Aglago EK, Gunter MJ, Jenab M, Heath AK, Nieters A. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:874-885. [PMID: 33619024 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of dietary fatty acid (FA) profiles are associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, data from large-scale epidemiologic studies using circulating FA measurements to objectively assess individual FA and FA categories are scarce. METHODS We investigate the association between red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs and risk of colorectal cancer in a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,069 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified and matched to 1,069 controls among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The FA composition of RBC phospholipids (in mol%) was analyzed by gas chromatography, and their association with risk of colorectal cancer was estimated by multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, subjects with higher concentrations of RBC stearic acid were at higher risk for colorectal cancer (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07-1.42, per 1 mol%). Conversely, colorectal cancer incidence decreased with increasing proportions of RBC n-3 PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (0.75; 0.62-0.92, per 1 mol%). The findings for the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between prediagnostic RBC stearic acid and colorectal cancer reflects putative differences in FA intake and metabolism between cancer cases and matched controls, which deserve further investigation. The inverse relationship between EPA and colorectal cancer is in line with the repeatedly reported protective effect of fish consumption on colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT These findings add to the evidence on colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany.
- Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Grundmann
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Zoller
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura De Marco
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elom K Aglago
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Yasin HK, Taylor AH, Ayakannu T. A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092149. [PMID: 33946913 PMCID: PMC8125712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer is increasing globally. The main factors involved in this increase have been the way women live today and what they eat and drink. In fact, the obesity pandemic that is sweeping across the planet is considered to be the main contributory feature. This review aims to introduce to a new audience, those that are not experts in the field, what is known about the different types of endometrial cancer and the mechanisms for their induction and protection. We also seek to summarise the existing knowledge on dietary and lifestyle factors that prevent endometrial development in susceptible populations and identify the main problem in this arena; the paucity of research studies and clinical trials that investigate the interaction(s) between diet, lifestyle and endometrial cancer risk whilst highlighting those areas of promise that should be further investigated. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer affecting the reproductive organs of women living in higher-income countries. Apart from hormonal influences and genetic predisposition, obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognised as major factors in endometrial cancer risk, due to changes in lifestyle and diet, whereby high glycaemic index and lipid deposition are prevalent. This is especially true in countries where micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals are exchanged for high calorific diets and a sedentary lifestyle. In this review, we will survey the currently known lifestyle factors, dietary requirements and hormonal changes that increase an individual’s risk for endometrial cancer and discuss their relevance for clinical management. We also examine the evidence that everyday factors and clinical interventions have on reducing that risk, such that informed healthy choices can be made. In this narrative review, we thus summarise the dietary and lifestyle factors that promote and prevent the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ku Yasin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
| | - Anthony H. Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-151-708-9988 (ext. 4531)
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Plasma Fatty Acids and Quantitative Ultrasound, DXA and pQCT Derived Parameters in Postmenopausal Spanish Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051454. [PMID: 33922947 PMCID: PMC8146540 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different factors may contribute to the development of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Fatty acids are key nutrients for health, and a number of studies have reported an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and fatty acid intake. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum levels of different fatty acids and bone parameters determined by quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a sample of Spanish postmenopausal women. We enrolled a total of 301 postmenopausal women (median age 59 years; interquartile range (IQR) 7) in this study. All participants underwent full densitometric screening, including calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as well as plasma fatty acid measurement. After adjustment for potential confounders, plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels correlated with BMD in the spine (r = 0.150; p = 0.014) and femoral neck (r = 0.143; p = 0.019). By multiple linear regression, an independent statistically significant positive relationship was observed between BMD in the spine and BMI (β = 0.288; p = 0.001) as well as total plasma n-3 PUFAs (β = 0.155; p = 0.009). The plasma n-3 PUFA level was also a significant and positive predictor of BMD at the femoral neck (β = 0.146; p = 0.009). Independent risk factors for low BMD (T-score ≤ 1) were determined by logistic regression analysis, and a relatively high level of plasma n-3 PUFAs (OR = 0.751; 95% CI 0.587-0.960, p = 0.022) was identified as a protective factor against low bone mass. In this single-center sample of Spanish postmenopausal women, we reported a significant positive and statistically independent association between BMD and plasma levels of n-3 PUFAs.
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Newell M, Ghosh S, Goruk S, Pakseresht M, Vena JE, Dummer TJB, Field CJ. A Prospective Analysis of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in 2 Provinces in Canada. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab022. [PMID: 33889794 PMCID: PMC8049855 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that fatty acid status influences breast cancer etiology, yet the roles of individual fatty acids in breast cancer risk are unclear, specifically when central adiposity and menopausal status are considered. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of fatty acid status with breast cancer risk including location, menopausal status, and waist-to-hip ratio as key variables. METHODS Prediagnostic plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in women with breast cancer (n = 393) and age-matched controls (n = 786) from a nested case-control prospective study within Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) and British Columbia Generations Project (BCGP) cohorts. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of fatty acids and breast cancer risk with subgroup analysis for menopausal status and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS Women from BCGP had a higher n-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acid status compared with the ATP (6.4% ± 0.08% vs. 5.3% ± 0.06%; P < 0.001), so subsequent analysis was blocked by cohort. Overall, fatty acids had inconsistent associations with risk. In the ATP among premenopausal women, total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.43; P-trend = 0.007, P-interaction = 0.07) were positively associated with breast cancer risk, whereas in BCGP, DHA (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.53; P-trend = 0.03, P-interaction = 0.05) and total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.54; P-trend = 0.03) were associated with decreased cancer risk when the waist-to-hip ratio was <0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regional variations in fatty acid status influence breast cancer risk, resulting in positive associations of total long-chain n-3 fatty acids in premenopausal ATP women and negative associations of these fatty acids in BCGP women with a waist-to-hip ratio below guidelines. This study highlights the complexity and difficulty in using fatty acid status to predict breast cancer risk in diverse populations without the consideration of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammedreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerCare Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Establishment of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer in CIEA NOG Mice and Exploring Smartfish Liquid Diet as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030282. [PMID: 33802022 PMCID: PMC8000445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) better preserve tumor characteristics and microenvironment than traditional cancer cell line derived xenografts and are becoming a valuable model in translational cancer research and personalized medicine. We have established a PDX model for colorectal cancer (CRC) in CIEA NOG mice with a 50% engraftment rate. Tumor fragments from patients with CRC (n = 5) were engrafted in four mice per tumor (n = 20). Mice with established PDXs received a liquid diet enriched with fish oil or placebo, and fatty acid profiling was performed to measure fatty acid content in whole blood. Moreover, a biobank consisting of tissue and blood samples from patients was established. Histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization procedures were used for staining of tumor and xenograft tissue slides. Results demonstrate that key histological characteristics of the patients’ tumors were retained in the established PDXs, and the liquid diets were consumed as intended by the mice. Some of the older mice developed lymphomas that originated from human Ki67+, CD45+, and EBV+ lymphoid cells. We present a detailed description of the process and methodology, as well as possible issues that may arise, to refine the method and improve PDX engraftment rate for future studies. The established PDX model for CRC can be used for exploring different cancer treatment regimes, and liquid diets enriched with fish oil may be successfully delivered to the mice through the drinking flasks.
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The Role of Dyslipidemia in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6640384. [PMID: 33628242 PMCID: PMC7895570 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, characterized by metabolic abnormalities, has become an important participant in colorectal cancer (CRC). Dyslipidemia aggravates intestinal inflammation, destroys the protective mucous layer, and disrupts the balance between injury and recovery. On the other hand, antioxidants induced by oxidative stress enhance glycolysis to maintain the acquisition of ATP allowing epithelial cells with damaged genomes to survive. In the repetitive phase of colitis, survival factors enable these epithelial cells to continuously proliferate. The main purpose is to restore and rebuild damaged mucosa, mainly aiming to recover mucosal damage and reconstruct mucosa, but it is also implicated in the occurrence and malignancy of CRC. The metabolic reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis and lipid synthesis enables these transformed epithelial cells to convert raw carbohydrate and amino acid substrates, thereby synthesizing protein and phospholipid biomass. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, responsible for the fatty acid desaturation, improves the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes, which is one of the key factors affecting metabolic rate. In response to available fat, tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to better plunder energy-rich lipids and rapidly scavenge these lipids through continuous proliferation. However, lipid metabolic disorders inhibit the function of immune-infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment through the cross-talk between tumor cells and immunosuppressive stromal cells, thereby providing opportunities for tumor progress. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lipid-lowering drugs can decrease the formation of aberrant crypt foci, lower the burden of the adenomatous polyp, and reduce the incidence of CRC. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of dyslipidemia on tumorigenesis and tumor progression and a development prospect of lipid disorders on tumor immunity.
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