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Detopoulou P, Demopoulos CA, Antonopoulou S. Micronutrients, Phytochemicals and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020462. [PMID: 33573169 PMCID: PMC7911163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals), phytochemicals and Mediterranean diet compounds with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, there is no single food to prevent coronavirus Although the relationship between PAF and COVID-19 is not robust, a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors may target both inflammation and thrombosis and prevent the deleterious effects of COVID-19. The next step is the experimental confirmation or not of the PAF-COVID-19 hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece;
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-954-9230; Fax: +30-210-957-7050
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Ponce-Ruiz N, Murillo-González FE, Rojas-García AE, Bernal Hernández YY, Mackness M, Ponce-Gallegos J, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Hernández-Ochoa I, González-Arias CA, Ortega Cervantes L, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Medina-Díaz IM. Phenotypes and concentration of PON1 in cardiovascular disease: The role of nutrient intake. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:40-48. [PMID: 31757567 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is considered to play a crucial role as an anti-atherosclerotic factor. The PON1 activity is affected by genetic polymorphisms, environmental factors, age, sex, lifestyle, pharmaceutical drugs, and dietary factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macro- and micronutrients as well as PON1 concentration and activities in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group). METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study was carried out with 356 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 activities (AREase, LACase, CMPAase and PONase), and PON1 concentration were evaluated. There was a differential intake of macro- and micronutrients among the study groups. The intake of proteins and carbohydrates was higher in the CVD group than in the CFR and control groups (p < 0.05). AREase, LACase, and CMPAase activities and PON1 concentration were lowest in the CVD group. CONCLUSION LACase and CMPAase activities, as well as PON1 concentration, could be included in the battery of CVD predictive biomarkers in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Fátima E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Aurora E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Yael Y Bernal Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Toxicología, Mexico.
| | - Cyndia A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Laura Ortega Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | | | - Irma M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Jin H, Nicodemus-Johnson J. Gender and Age Stratified Analyses of Nutrient and Dietary Pattern Associations with Circulating Lipid Levels Identify Novel Gender and Age-Specific Correlations. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111760. [PMID: 30441803 PMCID: PMC6265871 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a precursor to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases in the modern world. Age, gender, and diet are known modifiers of lipid levels, however they are not frequently investigated in subset analyses. Food and nutrient intakes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2013 were used to assess the correlation between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol ratio) and nutritional intake using linear regression. Associations were initially stratified by gender and significant gender correlations were further stratified by age. Analyses were performed at both the dietary pattern and nutrient level. Dietary pattern and fat intake correlations agreed with the literature in direction and did not demonstrate gender or age effects; however, we observed gender and age interactions among other dietary patterns and individual nutrients. These effects were independent of ethnicity, caloric intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Elevated HDL cholesterol levels correlated with increasing vitamin and mineral intake in females of child bearing age but not males or older females (≥65 years). Moreover, increases in magnesium and retinol intake correlated with HDL cholesterol improvement only in females (all age groups) and males (35–64), respectively. Finally, a large amount of gender-specific variation was associated with TG levels. Females demonstrated positive associations with sugar and carbohydrate while males show inverse associations with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. The female-specific association increased with the ratio of carbohydrate: saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, suggesting that gender specific dietary habits may underlie the observed TG-nutrient correlations. Our study provides evidence that a subset of previously established nutrient-lipid associations may be gender or age-specific. Such discoveries provide potential new avenues for further research into personalized nutritional approaches to treat dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Jin
- Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc. 3838 W. Parkway Blvd., West Valley City, UT 84120, USA.
| | - Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson
- Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc. 3838 W. Parkway Blvd., West Valley City, UT 84120, USA.
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The Search for Dietary Supplements to Elevate or Activate Circulating Paraoxonases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020416. [PMID: 28212288 PMCID: PMC5343950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have been associated with the development of several pathological conditions, whereas high levels have been shown to be anti-atherosclerotic in mouse models. These findings suggest that PON1 could be a good surrogate biomarker. The other members of the family, namely PON2 and PON3, the role of which has been much less studied, deserve more attention. This paper provides a systematic review of current evidence concerning dietary supplements in that regard. Preliminary studies indicate that the response to dietary supplements may have a nutrigenetic aspect that will need to be considered in large population studies or in clinical trials. A wide range of plant preparations have been found to have a positive action, with pomegranate and some of its components being the best characterized and Aronia melanocarpa one of the most active. Flavonoids are found in the composition of all active extracts, with catechins and genistein being the most promising agents for increasing PON1 activity. However, some caveats regarding the dose, length of treatment, bioavailability, and stability of these compounds in formulations still need to be addressed. Once these issues have been resolved, these compounds could be included as nutraceuticals and functional foods capable of increasing PON1 activity, thereby helping with the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis and other chronic ailments.
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Tawa M, Okamura T. Soluble guanylate cyclase redox state under oxidative stress conditions in isolated monkey coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00261. [PMID: 27713826 PMCID: PMC5045941 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is associated with oxidative stress due to the excessive generation of free radicals in the vascular wall. This study investigated the impact of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH), a peroxyl radical generator, on the redox state of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in isolated monkey coronary arteries. Helically cut strips of endothelium‐intact monkey coronary arteries treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (10 μmol/L) were exposed for approximately 60 min to either no drug or t‐BuOOH (100 μmol/L) in the presence and absence of α‐tocopherol (300 μmol/L). Relaxation and cGMP levels in response to the sGC stimulator BAY 41‐2272 and the sGC activator BAY 60‐2770 were assessed by organ chamber technique and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The relaxant response to BAY 41‐2272 was significantly impaired by the exposure to t‐BuOOH, whereas the response to BAY 60‐2770 was significantly augmented. In addition, vascular cGMP accumulation caused by BAY 41‐2272 was decreased by the exposure to t‐BuOOH, whereas for BAY 60‐2770, it was increased. These effects of t‐BuOOH were abolished by coincubation with α‐tocopherol. Furthermore, correlations were observed between BAY compound‐induced relaxant magnitudes and cGMP levels. Therefore, it is concluded that increased oxidative stress leads to disruption of the sGC redox state in monkey coronary arteries. This finding is of great importance for understanding coronary physiology in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Tomio Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Shiga Japan
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Nathanielsz PW, Yan J, Green R, Nijland M, Miller JW, Wu G, McDonald TJ, Caudill MA. Maternal obesity disrupts the methionine cycle in baboon pregnancy. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12564. [PMID: 26537341 PMCID: PMC4673623 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal intake of dietary methyl-micronutrients (e.g. folate, choline, betaine and vitamin B-12) during pregnancy is essential for normal maternal and fetal methionine metabolism, and is critical for important metabolic processes including those involved in developmental programming. Maternal obesity and nutrient excess during pregnancy influence developmental programming potentially predisposing adult offspring to a variety of chronic health problems. In the present study, we hypothesized that maternal obesity would dysregulate the maternal and fetal methionine cycle. To test this hypothesis, we developed a nulliparous baboon obesity model fed a high fat, high energy diet (HF-HED) prior to and during gestation, and examined methionine cycle biomarkers (e.g., circulating concentrations of homocysteine, methionine, choline, betaine, key amino acids, folate, and vitamin B-12). Animals were group housed allowing full physical activity and social interaction. Maternal prepregnancy percent body fat was 5% in controls and 19% in HF-HED mothers, while fetal weight was 16% lower in offspring of HF-HED mothers at term. Maternal and fetal homocysteine were higher, while maternal and fetal vitamin B-12 and betaine were lower in the HF-HED group. Elevations in circulating maternal folate were evident in the HF-HED group indicating impaired folate metabolism (methyl-trap) as a consequence of maternal vitamin B-12 depletion. Finally, fetal methionine, glycine, serine, and taurine were lower in the HF-HED fetuses. These data show that maternal obesity disturbs the methionine cycle in primate pregnancy, providing a mechanism for the epigenetic changes observed among obese pregnant women and suggesting diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in human pregnancies complicated by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department OB/GYN, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Texas Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health, Southwest National Primate Research Institute Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Savage Hall, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Mark Nijland
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department OB/GYN, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Thomas J McDonald
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department OB/GYN, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Savage Hall, Ithaca, New York
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7
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Veiner HL, Gorbatov R, Vardi M, Doros G, Miller-Lotan R, Zohar Y, Sabo E, Asleh R, Levy NS, Goldfarb LJ, Berk TA, Haas T, Shalom H, Suss-Toby E, Kam A, Kaplan M, Tamir R, Ziskind A, Levy AP. Pharmacogenomic interaction between the Haptoglobin genotype and vitamin E on atherosclerotic plaque progression and stability. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:232-9. [PMID: 25618031 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homozygosity for a 1.7 kb intragenic duplication of the Haptoglobin (Hp) gene (Hp 2-2 genotype), present in 36% of the population, has been associated with a 2-3 fold increased incidence of atherothrombosis in individuals with Diabetes (DM) in 10 longitudinal studies compared to DM individuals not homozygous for this duplication (Hp 1-1/2-1). The increased CVD risk associated with the Hp 2-2 genotype has been shown to be prevented with vitamin E supplementation in man. We sought to determine if there was an interaction between the Hp genotype and vitamin E on atherosclerotic plaque growth and stability in a transgenic model of the Hp polymorphism. METHODS AND RESULTS Brachiocephalic artery atherosclerotic plaque volume was serially assessed by high resolution ultrasound in 28 Hp 1-1 and 26 Hp 2-2 mice in a C57Bl/6 ApoE(-/-) background. Hp 2-2 mice had more rapid plaque growth and an increased incidence of plaque hemorrhage and rupture. Vitamin E significantly reduced plaque growth in Hp 2-2 but not in Hp 1-1 mice with a significant pharmacogenomic interaction between the Hp genotype and vitamin E on plaque growth. CONCLUSIONS These results may help explain why vitamin E supplementation in man can prevent CVD in Hp 2-2 DM but not in non Hp 2-2 DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla-Lee Veiner
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rostic Gorbatov
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Vardi
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gheorghe Doros
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Miller-Lotan
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edmond Sabo
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rabea Asleh
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina S Levy
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Levi J Goldfarb
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas A Berk
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tali Haas
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Shalom
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edith Suss-Toby
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Kam
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Andrew P Levy
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Spradling KD, Glenn JP, Garcia R, Shade RE, Cox LA. The baboon kidney transcriptome: analysis of transcript sequence, splice variants, and abundance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57563. [PMID: 23637735 PMCID: PMC3634053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The baboon is an invaluable model for the study of human health and disease, including many complex diseases of the kidney. Although scientists have made great progress in developing this animal as a model for numerous areas of biomedical research, genomic resources for the baboon, such as a quality annotated genome, are still lacking. To this end, we characterized the baboon kidney transcriptome using high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify genes, gene variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion-deletion polymorphisms (InDels), cellular functions, and key pathways in the baboon kidney to provide a genomic resource for the baboon. Analysis of our sequencing data revealed 45,499 high-confidence SNPs and 29,813 InDels comparing baboon cDNA sequences with the human hg18 reference assembly and identified 35,900 cDNAs in the baboon kidney, including 35,150 transcripts representing 15,369 genic genes that are novel for the baboon. Gene ontology analysis of our sequencing dataset also identified numerous biological functions and canonical pathways that were significant in the baboon kidney, including a large number of metabolic pathways that support known functions of the kidney. The results presented in this study catalogues the transcribed mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, and hypothetical proteins in the baboon kidney and establishes a genomic resource for scientists using the baboon as an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Spradling
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
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Vitamin E therapy results in a reduction in HDL function in individuals with diabetes and the haptoglobin 2-1 genotype. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:240-4. [PMID: 21722898 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin E provides cardiovascular protection to individuals with diabetes and the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype but appears to increase cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes and the haptoglobin 2-1 genotype. We have previously demonstrated that the haptoglobin protein is associated with HDL and that HDL function and its oxidative modification are haptoglobin genotype dependent. We set out to test the hypothesis that the pharmacogenetic interaction between the haptoglobin genotype on cardiovascular risk might be secondary to a parallel interaction between the haptoglobin genotype and vitamin E on HDL function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-nine individuals with diabetes and the haptoglobin 2-1 or 2-2 genotypes were studied in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover design. Participants were treated with either vitamin E (400IU) or placebo for 3 months and crossed over for an equivalent duration. Serum was collected at baseline and after the completion of each treatment. HDL functionality as well as HDL associated markers of oxidation and inflammation were measured after each interval in HDL purified from the cohort. RESULTS Compared to placebo, vitamin E significantly increased HDL function in haptoglobin 2-2 but significantly decreased HDL function in haptoglobin 2-1. This pharmacogenetic interaction was paralleled by similar non-significant trends in HDL associated lipid peroxides, glutathione peroxidase, and inflammatory cargo. CONCLUSION There exists a pharmacogenetic interaction between the haptoglobin genotype and vitamin E on HDL function (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01113671).
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Kameji H, Mochizuki K, Miyoshi N, Goda T. β-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Nutrition 2010; 26:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Filik L. High-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein AI concentrations, and celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44:592; author reply 592-3. [PMID: 20142753 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181d03ed9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Abstract
Reviewed here are the modes of action of soy components used as ingredients in foods, which can lower plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, which are markers for the risk for atherosclerosis. Soy ingredients act via more than one mode of action including the following: LDL absorption suppression, cholesterol efflux stimulation, LDL resorption stimulation, LDL oxidation prevention, LDL particle size increase, cholesterol synthesis reduction, and bile secretion increase. Individual genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition habits alter LDL management and a better understanding of the various modes of actions of soy ingredients may facilitate the composition of effective ingredient cocktails. The optimization of food components offers further alternatives to LDL management to augment drug therapy for patients who are unable to reach their target LDL cholesterol levels or who are suffering from side effects or drug insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H van Ee
- Archer Daniels Midland Company, Koog aan de Zaan, The Netherlands.
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Okabe T, Toda T, Inafuku M, Wada K, Iwasaki H, Oku H. Antiatherosclerotic function of Kokuto, Okinawan noncentrifugal cane sugar. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:69-75. [PMID: 19072226 DOI: 10.1021/jf802796m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) and policosanol of Kokuto, Okinawan noncentrifugal cane sugar, on the development of atherosclerosis. A total of 67 male Japanese quail were divided into eight dietary groups in trial 1. The dietary groups were fed the atherosclerotic diet (AD) containing 5% corn oil, 2% cholesterol, and 30% sucrose or seven different types of Kokuto. Dietary intakes of Kokuto notably prevented the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the serum radical scavenging activity and the degree of atherosclerosis in the dietary groups. In trial 2, a total of 63 Japanese quail were fed AD with sucrose, Kokuto, PC extracts from Kokuto, wax extracts from sugar cane, octacosanol, vitamin C, and vitamin E. As a result, the supplementation of the diet with Kokuto and PCs significantly reduced the development of atherosclerosis as compared with the ingestion of AD with sucrose. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, among various components of Kokuto, PCs play a central role for the prevention of experimental atherosclerosis in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Okabe
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:193-207. [PMID: 18316957 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282fba8b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Aryaeian N, Shahram F, Djalali M, Eshragian MR, Djazayeri A, Sarrafnejad A, Naderi N, Chamari M, Fatehi F, Zarei M. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008; 4:1423-32. [PMID: 19337555 PMCID: PMC2663461 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), vitamin E, and combination of these nutrients on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 patients with active RA were divided into four groups receiving one of the following daily supplements for three months: Group C: CLAs 2.5 g equivalent to 2 g mixture of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis12 CLAs in a rate of 50/50; Group E: vitamin E: 400 mg; Group CE: CLAs and vitamin E at above doses: Group P: placebo. After supplementation, SBP levels decreased significantly in the group C in comparison with groups E and P and mean arterial pressure reduced significantly in groups C and CE. There weren't significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL, cholesterol/HDL, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), arylestrase activity, platelet count and body mass index between groups. CRP dropped nonsignificantly in groups P, C, E and CE (19%, 24%, 55%, and 39%, respectively). Erythrocytes sedimentation rate levels decreased in groups C, E and CE (P < or = 0.05, P < or = 0.05, P < or = 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that supplementation of CLAs decreased BP and vitamin E decreased CRP. Therefore co-supplementation of CLAs and vitamin E might be profitable for heart disease prevention in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Eshragian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Djazayeri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolfatah Sarrafnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Chamari
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fariha Fatehi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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