1
|
Coheley LM, Yu M, Chen X, O'Connor PJ, Kealey KS, Laing EM, Oshri A, Marand AK, Lance JM, Kindler JM, Lewis RD. The Impact of Whole Egg Consumption on Bone Accrual in Healthy Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1809-1821. [PMID: 37950643 PMCID: PMC11037861 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary interventions designed to examine the role of nutrition on childhood bone accrual have often focused on the role of individual micronutrients (eg, calcium, vitamin D, and zinc) and macronutrients (eg, protein). The osteogenic benefits of whole foods, such as eggs, are not well understood despite eggs being a source of high-quality nutrients and bioactive compounds known to positively influence bone. A significant positive cross-sectional association between whole egg consumption and tibia cortical bone mass has recently been shown in young children; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been conducted. This study is a double-blind RCT in male and female children ages 9-13 years of different ancestries, designed to determine if consuming food products with whole eggs (equivalent to 8-10 eggs/wk) versus foods with milk or gelatin (placebo) over a 9-month period will improve measures of bone strength. Total body less head (TBLH) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA Z-scores were computed using published pediatric growth charts and were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). Mid-tibia cortical volumetric BMD, BMC, cortical area, total bone area, cortical thickness, and strength strain index were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Overall, there were no significant intervention effects for any bone outcomes. The increase in spine BMCHAZ Z-score in the egg group versus the gelatin group approached significance (p = 0.07). Significant time effects in TBLH aBMDHAZ Z-score occurred as all groups decreased over 9 months (p < 0.03). Most tibia cortical bone outcomes increased over time (all p < 0.02), but changes did not differ across intervention groups. Whole eggs provide important nutritional benefits for children, but the bone responses to consumption of 8-10 eggs/wk over a period of 9 months in children entering the early stages of puberty were small. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Coheley
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mengyun Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xianyan Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Kirk S Kealey
- Food Product Innovation & Commercialization Center, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Marand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Julia M Lance
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williamson A, da Silva A, do Carmo JM, Le Maitre C, Hall JE, Aberdein N. Impact of leptin deficiency on male tibia and vertebral body 3D bone architecture independent of changes in body weight. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:10.14814/phy2.15832. [PMID: 37786973 PMCID: PMC10546263 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin an adipokine with potent effects on energy balance and body weight plays an important role in defining bone architecture in growing mammals. However, major changes in body weight can also influence morphology of trabecular and cortical bone. Therefore, we examined the impact of leptin deficiency on tibia and vertebral body 3D bone architecture independent of changes in body weight. Furthermore, advances in computational 3D image analysis suggest that average morphological values may mask regional specific differences in trabecular bone thickness. The study utilized leptin-deficient Ob/Ob mice (n = 8) weight-paired to C57BL/6 (C57) control mice (n = 8) which were split into either lean or obese groups for 24 ± 2 weeks. Whole tibias and L3 vertebrae were fixed before high resolution microcomputed tomography (μCT) scanning was performed. Leptin deficiency independent of body weight reduced tibia cortical bone volume, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, number, and mineral density. Mean tibia trabecular thickness showed no significant differences between all groups; however, significant changes in trabecular thickness were found when analyzed by region. This study demonstrates that leptin deficiency significantly impacts tibia and vertebral body trabecular and cortical bone 3D architecture independent of changes in body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Williamson
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and ChemistrySheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Alexandre da Silva
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and ChemistrySheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - John E. Hall
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Nicola Aberdein
- Biomolecular Science Research Centre, Department of Bioscience and ChemistrySheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee J, Yoon I, Cha H, Kim HJ, Ryu OH. Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Obesity Parameters and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adolescents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5869. [PMID: 37762810 PMCID: PMC10532009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the association between obesity and bone health remains controversial in children and adolescents, we investigate the effects of obesity parameters on bone mineral density (BMD) in 2060 Korean adolescents who participated in the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Multiple regression analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to examine both the linear and non-linear associations between total-body-less-head (TBLH) BMD and four obesity parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and total-body fat mass (FM). In a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, menarcheal status (in females only), and total-body lean mass, there was no significant linear association between obesity parameters and TBLH BMD, except for total-body FM in males. However, upon adding a second-order polynomial term for each obesity parameter, a significant quadratic relationship between all obesity parameters and TBLH BMD was observed, with the corresponding quadratic term being negative. The results of ANCOVA also revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between each obesity parameter and TBLH BMD. Our findings suggest the existence of an optimal range of obesity parameters for developing or maintaining optimal bone health in Korean Adolescents. Deviation from this range, in either direction (being underweight or having obesity), may compromise bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Lee
- School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Insang Yoon
- School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hwajung Cha
- School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ho-Jung Kim
- School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; (I.Y.); (H.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ohk-Hyun Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang NI, Kuo LT, Lee CC, Ting MK, Wu IW, Chen SW, Hsu KH. Associations of Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Body Surface Scanning Measurements and Coronary Artery Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030570. [PMID: 36984571 PMCID: PMC10056801 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The relationship between three-dimensional (3D) scanning-derived body surface measurements and biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed. Methods and Methods: The recruitment of 98 patients with CAD confirmed by cardiac catheterization and 98 non-CAD patients were performed between March 2016 and December 2017. A health questionnaire on basic information, life style variables, and past medical and family history was completed. 3D body surface measurements and biomarkers were obtained. Differences between the two groups were assessed and multivariable analysis performed. Results: It was found that chest width (odds ratio [OR] 0.761, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.586–0.987, p = 0.0399), right arm length (OR 0.743, 95% CI = 0.632–0.875, p = 0.0004), waist circumference (OR 1.119, 95% CI = 1.035–1.21, p = 0.0048), leptin (OR 1.443, 95% CI = 1.184–1.76, p = 0.0003), adiponectin (OR 0.978, 95% CI = 0.963–0.994, p = 0.006), and interleukin 6 (OR 1.181, 95% CI = 1.021–1.366, p = 0.0254) were significantly associated with CAD. The combination of biomarker scores and body measurement scores had the greatest area under the curve and best association with CAD (area under the curve of 0.8049 and 95% CI = 0.7440–0.8657). Conclusions: Our study suggests that 3D derived body surface measurements in combination with leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 levels may direct us to those at risk of CAD, allowing a non-invasive approach to identifying high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-I Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tang Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Honey: A Promising Therapeutic Supplement for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis and Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030567. [PMID: 36978815 PMCID: PMC10045300 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and breast cancer are serious diseases that have become a significant socioeconomic burden. There are biochemical associations between the two disorders in terms of the amended function of estrogen, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation. Honey as a functional food with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can contribute to the prevention of various diseases. Its health benefits are mainly related to the content of polyphenols. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge from in vitro, animal, and human studies on the use of honey as a potential therapeutic agent for osteoporosis and breast cancer. Preclinical studies have revealed a beneficial impact of honey on both bone health (microstructure, strength, oxidative stress) and breast tissue health (breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, tumor growth rate, and volume). The limited number of clinical trials, especially in osteoporosis, indicates the need for further research to evaluate the potential benefits of honey in the treatment. Clinical studies related to breast cancer have revealed that honey is effective in increasing blood cell counts, interleukin-3 levels, and quality of life. In summary, honey may serve as a prospective therapeutic supplement for bone and breast tissue health.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurgan N, Skelly LE, Ludwa IA, Klentrou P, Josse AR. Twelve weeks of a diet and exercise intervention alters the acute bone response to exercise in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1049604. [PMID: 36685198 PMCID: PMC9846109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1049604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise and consumption of dairy foods have been shown to improve bone mineralization. However, little is known about the magnitude and timing of their synergistic effects on markers and regulators of bone metabolism in response to acute exercise in adolescent females with obesity, a population susceptible to altered bone metabolism and mineral properties. This study examined the influence of twelve weeks of exercise training and nutritional counselling on the bone biochemical marker response to acute exercise and whether higher dairy consumption could further influence the response. Methods: Thirty adolescent females (14.3 ± 2.0 years) with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) completed a 12-week lifestyle modification intervention involving exercise training and nutritional counselling. Participants were randomized into two groups: higher dairy intake (RDa; 4 servings/day; n = 14) or low dairy intake (LDa; 0-2 servings/d; n = 16). Participants performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps) both pre- and post-intervention. Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min and 1 h post-exercise. Serum sclerostin, osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (βCTX) concentrations were measured. Results: While there was an overall increase in sclerostin pre-intervention from pre to 5 min post-exercise (+11% p = 0.04), this response was significantly decreased post-intervention (-25%, p = 0.03) independent of dairy intake. The OPG:RANKL ratio was unresponsive to acute exercise pre-intervention but increased 1 h post-exercise (+2.6 AU; p < 0.001) post-intervention. Dairy intake did not further influence these absolute responses. However, after the 12-week intervention, the RDa group showed a decrease in the relative RANKL post-exercise response (-21.9%; p < 0.01), leading to a consistent increase in the relative OPG:RANKL ratio response, which was not the case in the LDa group. There was no influence of the intervention or dairy product intake on OC, OPG, or βCTX responses to acute exercise (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A lifestyle modification intervention involving exercise training blunts the increase in sclerostin and can augment the increase in OPG:RANKL ratio to acute exercise in adolescent females with OW/OB, while dairy product consumption did not further influence these responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Skelly
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Izabella A. Ludwa
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou, ; Andrea R. Josse,
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou, ; Andrea R. Josse,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akduman F, Şıklar Z, Özsu E, Doğan Ö, Kır MK, Berberoğlu M. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Metabolically Healthy and Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:433-443. [PMID: 35859690 PMCID: PMC9724058 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The harmful or beneficial effect of obesity on bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial in children and adolescents. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that plays a specific role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, the role of FGF21 in bone metabolism appears paradoxical and is complex. To determine whether serum FGF21 level was associated with BMD in obese children and adolescents. METHODS The study was conducted with the participation of children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Ninety-eight obese children were included in the study group and 44 children were included in the control group. BMD, in addition to the routine obesity workup, which includes fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, lipid profile, and liver enzymes; serum FGF21 levels have been analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the obese group (n=98) was 13.34±2.24 years and the mean age of controls (n=44) was 13.48±2.87 years. Based on International Diabetes Federation criteria, 15 of 98 (15.3%) patients were metabolically unhealthy. FGF21 levels were 193.54±139.62 mg/dL in the obese group and 158.69±151.81 mg/dL in the control group (p=0.06). There was no difference between the FGF21 and BMD z-score values of girls and boys in the obese and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION BMD-z-score was increased in obese children compared to healthy control. Moreover, BMD-z-score tended to be higher when more metabolic risk factors were present. However, there was no significant relationship between FGF21 levels and BMD z-score values in obese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Akduman
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 507 443 24 42 E-mail:
| | - Zeynep Şıklar
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Özsu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Doğan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Kemal Kır
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Berberoğlu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawai M, Etani Y, Ida S. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a positive predictor for bone mineral density in prepubertal children with Prader-Willi syndrome independent of lean mass. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:603-609. [PMID: 35286052 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence suggests a fat depot-specific relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in children, particularly in those who are overweight/obese. However, this has not yet been investigated in detail in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetic syndrome characterized by a decreased lean mass (LM) and increased fat mass (FM). The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships of LM and FM, particularly fat distribution, with bone mineral parameters. METHODS This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Forty-seven prepubertal Japanese children with PWS (22 males, mean age: 6.86 years) were included. No subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus or osteoporotic medications. LM, FM, and BMD and bone mineral content in the total body less head and the lumbar spine were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in addition to subcutaneous/visceral adipose tissue (SAT/VAT), and the ratio of VAT to SAT (V/S) by computed tomography at the umbilical level. Bone mineral apparent density was calculated to correct for bone size. RESULTS LM positively correlated with bone mineral parameters after controlling for age, sex, growth hormone (GH) treatment, and FM. Although FM did not correlate with bone mineral parameters, compartment-specific analysis revealed that SAT positively and V/S negatively correlated with bone mineral parameters after controlling for age, sex, GH treatment and LM. CONCLUSIONS A compartment-specific effect of FM on bone mineral parameters was noted such that SAT was a positive predictor for BMD independent of LM in prepubertal children with PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan.,Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Yuri Etani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Anthropometric Measure 'A Body Shape Index' May Predict the Risk of Osteoporosis in Middle-Aged and Older Korean People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084926. [PMID: 35457793 PMCID: PMC9026319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A body shape index (ABSI) is a recently introduced index of abdominal adiposity, relative to body mass index and height, and represents an alternative to body mass index and waist circumference. We aimed to determine whether ABSI is associated with osteoporosis and the ability of ABSI to predict osteoporosis, to investigate the relationship between obesity and osteoporosis In total, 6717 Korean participants (3151 men and 3566 women; 63.6 ± 8.5 years) were recruited and placed into the Normal, Osteopenia, or Osteoporosis groups on the basis of the minimum T-scores of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and femoral neck. The T-scores of each region and ABSI were compared among the groups and odds ratios and cut-off values of ABSI for osteoporosis were calculated. In participants of both sexes, ABSI tended to increase as bone health deteriorated. The men and women in the highest quartile of ABSI were 1.887 and 2.808 times more likely to have osteoporosis, respectively, and the potential ABSI cut-off values for osteoporosis were 0.0813 and 0.0874 for male and female participants, respectively. These findings suggest that augmentation of ABSI and obesity is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis and that ABSI may predict the risk of osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Julian V, O'Malley G, Metz L, Weghuber D, Courteix D, Fillon A, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Pereira B, Thivel D. Does the severity of obesity influence bone density, geometry and strength in adolescents? Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12826. [PMID: 34171175 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between the severity of obesity and bone health remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES To compare whole-body and localized bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) and hip geometry and strength between adolescents with obesity versus extreme obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 154 adolescents (12-15 years, 62% females) who were classified as having obesity (OG, [95th-99th] percentile) or extreme obesity (EOG, >99th percentile). Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), BMC, BMD for total-body-less-head (TBLH), lumbar spine (LS), hip, TBS and geometric and strength indices at the narrow-neck (NN), femoral shaft (FS) and intertrochanteric regions (IT) were assessed by Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS There was no significant sex-interaction. For both sexes, TBLH BMC and BMD were not different between groups. TBS was lower in EOG compared with OG in both sexes in univariate analysis and after adjustment with maturation and body weight (p < 0.05). Hip BMD was significantly higher in the EOG compared to OG only after adjustment with maturation and fat mass percentage (p < 0.05 for men, p < 0.01 for women). For both sexes, TBLH, LS and hip BMC and BMD positively correlated with weight, BMI, LM and FM. TBS negatively correlated with BMI-percentile in both sexes, with a negative correlation with FM for males alone. Hip BMC and BMD, BMD, ACT and CSA at the three hip sites positively correlated with BMI-percentile in males. CONCLUSIONS Extreme obesity impacts bone health depending on anatomical sites, altering lumbar trabecular bone in both males and females adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,W82GO Child and Adolescent Weight Management Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu X, Li B, Wu F, Liu X, Liu M, Wang C, Shi Y, Ye L. GPX7 Facilitates BMSCs Osteoblastogenesis via ER Stress and mTOR Pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10454-10465. [PMID: 34626080 PMCID: PMC8581313 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates extensive oxidative stress is a consequence of obesity which impairs bone formation. Glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) is a conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention protein, lacking of which causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes adipogenesis. Since the imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) leads to severe bone diseases such as osteoporosis, it is critical to investigate the potential protective role of Gpx7 in osteogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that deficiency of Gpx7 reduces osteogenesis, but increases adipogenesis in both human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and mouse mesenchymal stem cell line. Interestingly, further studies indicate this defect can be alleviated by the ER stress antagonist, but not the ROS inhibitor, unveiling an unexpected finding that, unlike adipogenesis, lacking of Gpx7 inhibits osteogenesis mediating by induced ER stress instead of enhanced ROS. Furthermore, the mTOR signalling pathway is found down‐regulation during osteogenic differentiation in Gpx7‐deficient condition, which can be rescued by relief of ER stress. Taken together, for the first time we identify a novel function of Gpx7 in BMSCs’ osteogenic differentiation and indicate that Gpx7 may protect against osteoporotic deficits in humans through ER stress and mTOR pathway interplay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boer Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maïmoun L, Renard E, Humbert L, Aouinti S, Mura T, Boudousq V, Lefebvre P, Mahadea K, Philibert P, de Santa-Barbara P, Avignon A, Guillaume S, Sultan A, Nocca D, Mariano-Goulart D. Modification of bone mineral density, bone geometry and volumetric BMD in young women with obesity. Bone 2021; 150:116005. [PMID: 33992821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most obese women with low-trauma fractures present normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD), suggesting that other bone parameters are more determinant for fracture risk in these patients. OBJECTIVES (i) Determine the effects of obesity in young women on areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone geometry, strength, and volumetric BMD determined by advanced DXA-based methods; (ii) model the profiles of bone parameters for each population with age; and (iii) determine the factors related to body composition (i.e. lean tissue mass and fat mass) potentially implicated in the "bone adaptation" in the femoral region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty adolescent and young women from 18 to 35 years old were enrolled in this study: 128 patients with obesity and 92 age-matched (±6 months) normal-weight controls. aBMD was determined with DXA, whereas hip geometry and strength parameters were assessed by hip structural analysis (HSA) and volumetric BMD by 3D-SHAPER® software. RESULTS Compared with controls, subjects with obesity presented significantly higher aBMD at all bone sites, but the difference was greater at hip compared with lumbar spine or radius. Bone size estimates (i.e. cortical thickness), as well as strength estimates (i.e. cross-sectional area) were higher at all femoral subregions including femoral neck, intertrochanteric region and femoral shaft in young women with obesity. In whole proximal femur and all femoral compartments, vBMD was also higher in subjects with obesity, but the difference between groups was greater for cortical vBMD compared with trabecular vBMD. When hip bone parameters were modelled for each group from individual values, maximal values were reached between 20 and 26 years in both groups but, whatever the age, subjects with obesity presented higher values than controls. In both groups, lean body mass (LBM) was the parameter most positively associated with the greatest number of bone parameters studied. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that young women with obesity presented higher aBMD, better hip geometry and greater strength compared with normal-weight controls. Additionally, cortical and trabecular compartments measured by 3D-SHAPER® were favourably and concomitantly modified. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether the evaluation of these new parameters would provide better prediction of fracture risk in this population than aBMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Eric Renard
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIC INSERM 1001, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Safa Aouinti
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Carémeau, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Vincent Boudousq
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Carémeau, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pascal Philibert
- Département de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Carémeau, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Antoine Avignon
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UMI, INSERM U1061, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Nocca
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital St Eloi, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seo YG, Kim Y, Lim H, Kang MJ, Park KH. Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition According to Obesity Status in Children. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:983-991. [PMID: 34144210 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between body composition, metabolic parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) according to sex and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 236 subjects with obesity, aged 10 to 15 years (36.9% girls), were enrolled. Obesity was classified into simple (SmOb) and extreme (ExOb) forms. The BMD of the total body, less head, was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the BMD z-score was used to evaluate the relationship of body composition with metabolic parameters. RESULTS BMD z-scores were higher in subjects with ExOb than in those with SmOb. Lean mass index (LMI), body mass index z-score, and vitamin D intake showed positive relationships, whereas percentage of body fat and serum leptin level showed negative relationships with BMD z-scores in boys. In girls, LMI and body mass index z-score showed positive relationships with BMD z-scores. In multivariable linear regressions, serum leptin level showed negative relationships with BMD z-score, only in boys. In addition, positive relationships of LMI and negative relationships of percentage of body fat with BMD z-scores were observed in subjects with SmOb. However, positive relationships of LMI with BMD z-scores were attenuated in subjects with ExOb. CONCLUSION High BMD appears to be positively associated with lean mass in children and adolescents with obesity, which might be a natural protective mechanism to withstand the excess weight. However, excessive body fat appears to be negatively associated with BMD, which might attenuate the positive relationship between lean mass and BMD in subjects with ExOb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - YoonMyung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Turcotte AF, O’Connor S, Morin SN, Gibbs JC, Willie BM, Jean S, Gagnon C. Association between obesity and risk of fracture, bone mineral density and bone quality in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252487. [PMID: 34101735 PMCID: PMC8186797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between obesity and fracture risk may be skeletal site- and sex-specific but results among studies are inconsistent. Whilst several studies reported higher bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with obesity, altered bone quality could be a major determinant of bone fragility in this population. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare, in men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with obesity vs. individuals without obesity: 1) the incidence of fractures overall and by site; 2) BMD; and 3) bone quality parameters (circulating bone turnover markers and bone microarchitecture and strength by advanced imaging techniques). DATA SOURCES PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from inception of databases until the 13th of January 2021. DATA SYNTHESIS Each outcome was stratified by sex and menopausal status in women. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model with inverse-variance method. The risks of hip and wrist fracture were reduced by 25% (n = 8: RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.91, P = 0.003, I2 = 95%) and 15% (n = 2 studies: RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.88), respectively, while ankle fracture risk was increased by 60% (n = 2 studies: RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.68) in postmenopausal women with obesity compared with those without obesity. In men with obesity, hip fracture risk was decreased by 41% (n = 5 studies: RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.79). Obesity was associated with increased BMD, better bone microarchitecture and strength, and generally lower or unchanged circulating bone resorption, formation and osteocyte markers. However, heterogeneity among studies was high for most outcomes, and overall quality of evidence was very low to low for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis highlights areas for future research including the need for site-specific fracture studies, especially in men and premenopausal women, and studies comparing bone microarchitecture between individuals with and without obesity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020159189.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Frédérique Turcotte
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec (QC), Canada
- Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval Research Center, Québec (QC), Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Sarah O’Connor
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval Research Center, Québec (QC), Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec (QC), Canada
- Bureau d’information et études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Suzanne N. Morin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Jenna C. Gibbs
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Bettina M. Willie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Sonia Jean
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec (QC), Canada
- Bureau d’information et études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec (QC), Canada
- Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval Research Center, Québec (QC), Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec (QC), Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Litwic AE, Westbury LD, Ward K, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Adiposity and bone microarchitecture in the GLOW study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:689-698. [PMID: 32948904 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for fractures in postmenopausal women but the interaction of obesity with bone microarchitecture is not fully understood. In this study, obesity was associated with more favourable bone microarchitecture parameters but not after parameters were normalised for body weight. INTRODUCTION To examine bone microarchitecture in relation to fat mass and examine both areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and microarchitecture in relation to BMI categories in the UK arm of the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women. METHODS Four hundred and ninety-one women completed questionnaires detailing medical history; underwent anthropometric assessment; high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) scans of the radius and tibia and DXA scans of whole body, proximal femur and lumbar spine. Fat mass index (FMI) residuals (independent of lean mass index) were derived. Linear regression was used to examine HRpQCT and DXA aBMD parameters according to BMI category (unadjusted) and HRpQCT parameters in relation to FMI residuals (with and without adjustment for anthropometric, demographic and lifestyle covariates). RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 70.9 (5.4) years; 35.0% were overweight, 14.5% class 1 obese and 7.7% class 2/3 obese. There were significant increasing trends according to BMI category in aBMD of whole body, hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine (p ≤ 0.001); cortical area (p < 0.001), thickness (p < 0.001) and volumetric density (p < 0.03), and trabecular number (p < 0.001), volumetric density (p < 0.04) and separation (p < 0.001 for decreasing trend) at the radius and tibia. When normalised for body weight, all HRpQCT and DXA aBMD parameters decreased as BMI increased (p < 0.001). FMI residuals were associated with bone size and trabecular architecture at the radius and tibia, and tibial cortical microarchitecture. CONCLUSION Significant trends in HRpQCT parameters suggested favourable bone microarchitecture at the radius and tibia with increasing BMI but these were not proportionate to increased weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Litwic
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - L D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohd Ramli ES, Sukalingam K, Kamaruzzaman MA, Soelaiman IN, Pang KL, Chin KY. Direct and Indirect Effect of Honey as a Functional Food Against Metabolic Syndrome and Its Skeletal Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:241-256. [PMID: 33500644 PMCID: PMC7822078 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the simultaneous presence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and/or visceral obesity, which predisposes a person to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Evidence suggesting the presence of direct and indirect associations between MetS and osteoporosis is growing. Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of polyphenols in alleviating MetS in in vivo and in vitro models through their antioxidant and anti-inflammation actions. This review aims to summarize the effects of honey (based on unifloral and multi-floral nectar sources) on bone metabolism and each component of MetS. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases using specific search strings. Original studies related to components of MetS and bone, and the effects of honey on components of MetS and bone were included. Honey polyphenols could act synergistically in alleviating MetS by preventing oxidative damage and inflammation. Honey intake is shown to reduce blood glucose levels and prevent excessive weight gain. It also improves lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, as well as increasing high-density lipoprotein. Honey can prevent bone loss by reducing the adverse effects of MetS on bone homeostasis, apart from its direct action on the skeletal system. In conclusion, honey supplementation could be integrated into the management of MetS and MetS-induced bone loss as a preventive and adjunct therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumeshini Sukalingam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bland VL, Bea JW, Blew RM, Roe DJ, Lee VR, Funk JL, Going SB. Influence of Changes in Soft Tissue Composition on Changes in Bone Strength in Peripubertal Girls: The STAR Longitudinal Study. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:123-132. [PMID: 32810295 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis remain two major public health concerns. Soft tissue composition and bone are interrelated; however, it is still not well understood how changes in adiposity during adolescence affect bone development. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in DXA-derived total body lean mass (TBLM) and total body fat mass (TBFM) associate with 2-year changes in bone outcomes at the 20% femur, 66% tibia, 66% radius, and 4% tibia, as measured by pQCT, during the years surrounding the onset of menarche in a cohort of 9- to 12-year-old (baseline) adolescent girls (70% Hispanic). From baseline to 2-year follow-up, girls showed statistically significant increases in all bone outcomes, except radial endosteal circumference. In separate linear regression models, change in TBLM and change in TBFM were both positively associated with 2-year changes in bone outcomes at all measured bone sites, after controlling for relevant covariates. However, when change in TBLM and change in TBFM were included in the same model, change in TBLM was the predominant predictor of bone outcomes, explaining 4% to 14% of the variance in bone strength outcomes. Change in TBFM remained a positive predictor of tibia polar strength strain index (SSIp) (2% variance explained). A significant interaction between change in TBFM and menarcheal status was identified at the radius for SSIp and indicated that greater gains in TBFM were beneficial for SSIp in girls that were premenarcheal at baseline but detrimental for girls who were postmenarcheal at baseline. The overall findings suggest that changes in TBLM during the peripubertal years have a greater influence on bone outcomes than changes in TBFM. While gains in TBFM might benefit the weight bearing 66% tibia, greater gains in TBFM may be detrimental to bone development at the non-weight bearing 66% radius after the onset of menarche. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Vinson R Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Okayama T, Kinouchi K, Watanabe H. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Affecting Bone Mass in Japanese Female Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 56:e55-e61. [PMID: 32811704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A higher peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescence lowers the risk of osteoporosis later in life. This study examined the factors affecting bone mass in female adolescents in relation to lifestyle and environmental factors to promote bone mass development before reaching PBM. DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects were female students aged 15-16 years and their mothers at a public high school in Osaka, Japan. Bone mass was measured using quantitative ultrasound parameters. The body composition was measured using a multi-frequency segmental body composition analyzer. Nutrient intake, exercise habits, and maternal factors as environmental factors were examined using a questionnaire. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that the adolescents' lean mass was significantly related to the BUA (p < .05). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.54). In contrast, the adolescents' exercise habit was significantly related to the SOS (p < .05). The SOS was significantly higher in the adolescents who exercised >4 times a week than in those who exercised <2-3 times a week. The adjusted odds ratio was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.06-7.56). The adolescents' nutrient intake and maternal factors were not significant factors affecting the adolescents' bone mass. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that increasing lean mass and exercising more than four times a week were important for increasing bone mass in female adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should intervene to help female adolescents acquire healthy lifestyle skills and maintain proper body composition and exercise habits to promote bone mass development before reaching PBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okayama
- Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Kaori Kinouchi
- Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys: Cross-Sectional Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010245. [PMID: 33396391 PMCID: PMC7795160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity of children can be a precursor of reduced bone mineral density, considered to be a typical problem only in old age. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density in 96 Polish boys aged 14–17 years with varied physical activity (swimmers, track and field athletes, non-athletes) and the effect of bone composition, birth weight and breastfeeding during infancy on bone parameters. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed according to the kinanthropometric standards. Bone parameters of the forearm were measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the infant’s birth weight and the length of breastfeeding were collected during direct interviews with mothers. The strongest links with bone parameters were found for the type of physical activity and birth weight. Regardless of birth weight, track and field athletes had the most advantageous bone parameters (mainly sT-score prox values). Swimmers with normal or low birth weight had less favourable sT-score prox values than non-athletes. The type of physical activity proved to be an important determinant of bone parameters. Childhood and adolescence are important periods of bone development and increasing the content of bone mineral components, and the bone status in later years of life depends to a large extent on this period. The perinatal period, especially the correct birth weight of the child, not only has a significant effect on general health, but also on bone status.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng L, Pohlabeln H, Ahrens W, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Chadjigeorgiou C, Molnár D, Eiben G, De Henauw S, Moreno L, Page A, Hebestreit A. Sex differences in the longitudinal associations between body composition and bone stiffness index in European children and adolescents. Bone 2020; 131:115162. [PMID: 31760215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) may influence bone health differentially. However, existing evidences on associations between FM, FFM and bone health are inconsistent and vary according to sex and maturity. The present study aims to evaluate longitudinal associations between FM, FFM and bone stiffness index (SI) among European children and adolescents with 6 years follow-up. A sample of 2468 children from the IDEFICS/I.Family was included, with repeated measurements of SI using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, body composition using skinfold thickness, sedentary behaviors and physical activity using self-administrated questionnaires. Regression coefficients (β) and 99%-confidence intervals (99% CI) were calculated by sex-specified generalized linear mixed effects models to analyze the longitudinal associations between FM and FFM z-scores (zFM and zFFM) and SI percentiles, and to explore the possible interactions between zFM, zFFM and maturity. Baseline zFFM was observed to predict the change in SI percentiles in both boys (β = 4.57, 99% CI: 1.36, 7.78) and girls (β = 3.42, 99% CI: 0.05, 6.79) after 2 years. Moreover, baseline zFFM (β = 8.72, 99% CI: 3.18, 14.27 in boys and β = 5.89, 99% CI: 0.34, 11.44 in girls) and the change in zFFM (β = 6.58, 99% CI: 0.83, 12.34 in boys and β = 4.81, 99% CI: -0.41, 10.02 in girls) were positively associated with the change in SI percentiles after 6 years. In contrast, a negative association was observed between the change in zFM and SI percentiles in boys after 6 years (β = -3.70, 99% CI: -6.99, -0.42). Besides, an interaction was observed between the change in zFM and menarche on the change in SI percentiles in girls at 6 years follow-up (p = .009), suggesting a negative association before menarche while a positive association after menarche. Our findings support the existing evidences for a positive relationship between FFM and SI during growth. Furthermore, long-term FM gain was inversely associated with SI in boys, whereas opposing associations were observed across menarche in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angie Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaspin antagonizes high fat-induced bone loss in rats and promotes osteoblastic differentiation in primary rat osteoblasts through Smad-Runx2 signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 31993071 PMCID: PMC6977231 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), an adipose-derived hormone, exhibits various biological functions. Recently, studies showed that vaspin is closely related to bone metabolism. However, how vaspin influences bone formation and its underlying mechanisms in high fat-induced obese rats and rat primary osteoblasts (OBs) are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of vaspin on bone mechanical parameters and microarchitecture were evaluated. Methods A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5-week old were fed with high fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) for 12 weeks followed by treatment of vaspin for 10 weeks. Micro CT and three-point bending tests were conducted to evaluate bone microstructure and biomechanics. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix (Osx), Collegen alpha1 (Colla1) procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP), C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 was detected by different methods. Results Our data indicated that, compared with ND rats, HFD rats exhibited high body weight, decreased bone strength and deteriorative bone quality. In contrast, vaspin reduced the body weight, improved the whole body metabolic status, enhanced bone strength, trabecular bone mass, and expression of Runx2, Osx, PINP, and decreased the expression level of plasma CTX. In vitro studies showed that vaspin promoted osteogenic differentiation and ALP activity in rat primary OBs in a dose dependent manner. Vaspin also upregulated mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes Runx2, Osx and Colla1 and protein expression of Runx2, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3. Conclusions Our results indicated that vaspin protects against HFD-induced bone loss, and promotes osteogenic differentiation by activating the Smad2/3-Runx2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kurajoh M, Inaba M, Motoyama K, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Koyama T, Yamada S, Morioka T, Imanishi Y, Emoto M. Inverse association of plasma leptin with cortical thickness at distal radius determined with a quantitative ultrasound device in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:174-183. [PMID: 31074113 PMCID: PMC6944815 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is known to be intimately related to sympathetic nerve activity. We examined the relationship of plasma leptin with cortical and trabecular bone components in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 182 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (93 men, 89 women). Cortical thickness (CoTh) and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) were determined at the 5.5% distal radius using an LD-100 ultrasonic bone densitometry device. Plasma leptin along with physical and laboratory measurements was simultaneously determined. RESULTS Plasma leptin, but not body mass index (BMI), was inversely correlated with CoTh (ρ = -0.487, P < 0.001), while BMI, but not plasma leptin, was positively correlated with trabecular BMD (ρ = 0.369, P < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, after adjustments for age, sex, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin A1c, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid hormone and handgrip strength, plasma leptin was inversely associated with CoTh (β = -0.258, P < 0.001), but not trabecular BMD. Furthermore, plasma leptin level retained a significant association with CoTh after further adjustment for BMI (β = -0.237, P < 0.001) and BMI plus waist-to-hip ratio (β = -0.243, P < 0.001). In contrast, the "sex × leptin" interaction was not significant (P = 0.596). CONCLUSIONS Leptin level in plasma, independent of BMI and BMI plus waist-to-hip ratio, was shown to be inversely associated with CoTh, but not trabecular BMD, suggesting that hyperleptinemia resulting from obesity might contribute to cortical porosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Department of DiabetesOsaka City General HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Shinsuke Yamada
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular MedicineOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kurgan N, McKee K, Calleja M, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:531926. [PMID: 33362710 PMCID: PMC7759614 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.531926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise between obese and normal weight adolescent females. METHODS Ten normal weight (BMI = 21.3 ± 2) and 10 obese (BMI = 32.9 ± 4), postmenarcheal females, aged 13-17 years, performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps). Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum. RESULTS Cytokines were not different between groups at rest or over time with IL-6 increasing (+31%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise and TNF-α decreasing (-9%; p = 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Insulin and leptin were higher in the obese compared to the normal weight females. In both groups, insulin significantly increased 5 min post-exercise but remained elevated 1 h post-exercise only in the obese group. Leptin did not change in response to exercise. Osteocalcin was lower in the obese group across time and increased (+12%; p = 0.02) 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CTX was similar between groups at rest and decreased (-24%; p < 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Sclerostin was similar between groups at rest, but there was a significant interaction reflecting a significant increase (+29%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise in the obese group and a non-significant decrease (-13%; p = 0.08) in normal weight controls. PTH increased 5 min post-exercise, dropped 1 h post-exercise to lower than pre-exercise, and returned to baseline 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CONCLUSION Obese adolescent females from our study had no evidence of resting inflammation or differences in bone resorption but show blunted bone formation when compared to normal weight controls. The direction and temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and bone turnover markers to exercise were similar in both groups, reflecting an overall bone anabolic response for most biomarkers, except sclerostin, which increased only in the obese females immediately post-exercise, suggesting a different systemic regulation of sclerostin depending on adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine McKee
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Calleja
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cao JJ, Gregoire BR, Michelsen KG, Picklo MJ. Increasing Dietary Fish Oil Reduces Adiposity and Mitigates Bone Deterioration in Growing C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2020; 150:99-107. [PMID: 31511877 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of total fat is linked to obesity and inversely associated with bone density in humans. Epidemiologic and animal studies show that long-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs supplied as fish oil (FO) are beneficial to skeletal health. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that increasing dietary FO would decrease adiposity and improve bone-related outcomes in growing obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice at 6 wk old were assigned to 6 treatment groups and fed either a normal-fat diet (3.85 kcal/g and 10% energy as fat) or a high-fat diet (HF; 4.73 kcal/g and 45% energy as fat) containing either 0%, 3%, or 9% energy as FO (0FO, 3FO, and 9FO, respectively) ad libitum for 6 mo. Bone structure, body composition, and serum bone-related cytokines were measured. RESULTS The HF diet increased the expression of the adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfa) and serum concentrations of leptin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and decreased serum concentrations of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). FO decreased fat mass (P < 0.05), serum TRAP (P < 0.05), and adipose tissue Tnfa expression (P < 0.01). Bone content of long-chain n-3 PUFAs was increased and n-6 PUFAs were decreased with the elevation in dietary FO content (P < 0.01). Compared with mice fed 9FO, animals fed 3FO had higher femoral bone volume/total volume (25%), trabecular number (23%), connectivity density (82%), and bone mass of second lumbar vertebrae (12%) and lower femoral trabecular separation (-19%). Mice fed the 3FO HF diet had 42% higher bone mass than those fed the 0FO HF diet. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate increasing dietary FO ≤3% energy can decrease adiposity and mitigate HF diet-induced bone deterioration in growing C57BL/6 mice possibly by reducing inflammation and bone resorption. FO at 9% diet energy had no further beneficial effects on bone of obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Cao
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Brian R Gregoire
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kim G Michelsen
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age-findings from the ROLO Kids Study. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:121-131. [PMID: 31673780 PMCID: PMC6942579 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD.Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Qin R, Ma X, Qin Z, Yang Z, Hong H, Lv H, Ye K, Wei Y, Zheng W, Qi H, Ni Y, Zhang L, Yan J, Liu G, Wu A. Adiposity is not beneficial to bone mineral density in 0-5 year old Chinese children: The Jiangsu bone health study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 14:39-46. [PMID: 31879074 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on obesity in relation to bone mineral density(BMD) in infants and preschool children were sparse in China. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and BMD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a large population-based multicenter study in which the representative children aged 0-5 years were recruited from 13 Children's Health Care Centers by a stratified cluster random-sampling method in Jiangsu Province, China. BMD was measured by using quantitative ultrasound. The association of BMD with BMI and obesity were evaluated using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis taking into account the effects of confounders. The relations between age, weight, height, BMI and BMD were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation and further tested using partial correlation in the additive model. RESULTS A total of 5,289 children (2786 boys and 2503 girls) were recruited. The BMD was positively linear relation with age, length/height, and was inversely linear relation with BMI (r=0.711, P<0.001; r=0.727, P<0.001; r=-0.318, P<0.001, respectively). The BMD gradually increased when the weight was in the range within 21.2kg, but started to gain slowlyand even decreased when the weight was over 21.2kg. After adjusting for confounders, compared with control group, children with obesityhad higher odds of low BMD (OR 95%CI: 2.73 (1.57, 4.76), P<0.001), the speed of sound (SOS)value in children with obesity was lower 47.45 (β=-47.45, 95%CI=-85.07, -9.83, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS Adiposity was not advantageous for bone mineral density in 0-5-year-old Chinese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Xianghua Ma
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Zhenying Qin
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, Women and Child Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Child Health Care, Drum Tower Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Heyu Lv
- Department of Child Health Care, Jiangning Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Kan Ye
- Department of Child Health Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yarong Wei
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Hongxia Qi
- Department of Child Health Care, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yufei Ni
- Department of Child Health Care, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Juhua Yan
- Department of Child Health Care, Kunshan Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Dafeng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Dafeng, 224100, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Xinghua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McCann MR, Ratneswaran A. The role of PPARγ in childhood obesity-induced fractures. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:31. [PMID: 31798753 PMCID: PMC6880598 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, obesity is on the rise with ~ 30% of the world’s population now obese, and childhood obesity is following similar trends. Childhood obesity has been associated with numerous chronic conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. This review highlights the effects of childhood adiposity on bone density by way of analyzing clinical studies and further describing two severe skeletal conditions, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount’s disease. The latter half of this review discusses bone remodeling and cell types that mediate bone growth and strength, including key growth factors and transcription factors that help orchestrate this complex pathology. In particular, the transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is examined as it is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can also influence osteoblast populations. Obese individuals are known to have higher levels of PPARγ expression which contributes to their increased adipocyte numbers and decreased bone density. Modulating PPAR*gamma* signaling can have significant effects on adipogenesis, thereby directing MSCs down the osteoblastogenesis pathway and in turn increasing bone mineral density. Lastly, we explore the potential of PPARγ as a druggable target to decrease adiposity, increase bone density, and be a treatment for children with obesity-induced bone fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R McCann
- 1Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia.,2Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 2J9 Canada
| | - Anusha Ratneswaran
- 2Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 2J9 Canada.,3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 2J9 Canada.,4Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Picke AK, Campbell GM, Blüher M, Krügel U, Schmidt FN, Tsourdi E, Winzer M, Rauner M, Vukicevic V, Busse B, Salbach-Hirsch J, Tuckermann JP, Simon JC, Anderegg U, Hofbauer LC, Saalbach A. Thy-1 (CD90) promotes bone formation and protects against obesity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/453/eaao6806. [PMID: 30089635 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and obesity result from disturbed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and present emerging challenges for our aging society. Because of the regulatory role of Thy-1 in mesenchyme-derived fibroblasts, we investigated the impact of Thy-1 expression on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and consequences for bone formation and adipose tissue development in vivo. MSCs from Thy-1-deficient mice have decreased osteoblast differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation compared to MSCs from wild-type mice. Consistently, Thy-1-deficient mice exhibited decreased bone volume and bone formation rate with elevated cortical porosity, resulting in lower bone strength. In parallel, body weight, subcutaneous/epigonadal fat mass, and bone fat volume were increased. Thy-1 deficiency was accompanied by reduced expression of specific Wnt ligands with simultaneous increase of the Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and dickkopf-1 and an altered responsiveness to Wnt. We demonstrated that disturbed bone remodeling in osteoporosis and dysregulated adipose tissue accumulation in patients with obesity were mirrored by reduced serum Thy-1 concentrations. Our findings provide new insights into the mutual regulation of bone formation and obesity and open new perspectives to monitor and to interfere with the dysregulated balance of adipogenesis and osteogenesis in obesity and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Picke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, UL, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Maria Winzer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Vladimir Vukicevic
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, UL, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Salbach-Hirsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A. El Wakeel M, A. Shehata M, M. El-Kassas G, H. Mostafa H, M. Galal E, Refat El-Zayat S, Abd EL Ghaffar Mohammed3 N. Bone Health in Relation to Vitamin-D Status and Serum Adipokines in Obese Egyptian Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been linked to an increase in fracture risk, so the impact of obesity on bone metabolism is becoming a focus of attention to identify factors that may affect bone health in obese children. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], adipokines and bone status in obese children. This case control study was executed in the Child Health Clinic in Medical and Scientific Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre (NRC), 100 obese and 80 non-obese age- and sex-matched children were enrolled in our study with mean age of (10.12±2.34 & 9.62±1.67 years) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and its Z-score, bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to body weight (kg), we also determined serum 25(OH) D, adiponectin, leptin and lipid profile. HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. It was found that BMC and BMD Z-score adjusted for weight were significantly lower in obese children as compared to controls (all p<0.05). Obese children had lower levels of 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01), while higher levels of leptin, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) compared to controls (P<0.01). Both BMC and BMD Z-score showed positive association with 25(OH) D and adiponectin (P<0.01) and negative association with HOMA-IR, TG and TC (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was the most effective factor predicting BMD Z-score and BMC in obese children. It is concluded that, obesity is negatively related to bone health in childhood. Those obese children are at increased risk for vitamin D insufficiency, which shows an obvious relationship to lower bone mass, raising the question of supplementation to prevent the deleterious effect of its deficiency on bones and reducing future risk of fracture and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal A. Shehata
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hend H. Mostafa
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam M. Galal
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coheley LM, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Lewis RD. Dietary inflammatory index® and cortical bone outcomes in healthy adolescent children. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1645-1654. [PMID: 31143990 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diet is thought to modulate inflammation. This study shows no relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and biomarkers of inflammation or bone after adjusting for covariates. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was inversely associated with peripheral tibia cortical thickness and prospective childhood studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and to determine if there are long-term consequences in adulthood. INTRODUCTION Examine the relationships between the DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation in 290 adolescents, ages 9-13 years. METHODS DII-scores were calculated from 3-day diet records and categorized into tertiles, low (< - 1.34), medium (- 1.34 to 1.41), and high (> 1.41) inflammation. Radius and tibia bone were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT 2000) at the 66% site relative to the distal growth plate. Fasting serum was measured for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The relationships between DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation were assessed using bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for sexual maturation, sex, race, muscle cross-sectional area, and height. ANOVA/ANCOVA models were used to compare DII-tertiles with dependent variables. RESULTS DII-scores were negatively associated with tibia trabecular area (TtAr; r = - .141, P = .019), periosteal perimeter (PsPM; r = - .145, P = .016), endosteal perimeter (r = - .145, P = .016), strength strain index (SSI; r = - .129, P = .032), and radius TtAr (r = - .140, P = .020), PsPM (r = -.138, P = .027) and SSI (r = -.131, P = .036) but nullified when adjusting for covariates. Tibia PsPM was higher in the low DII group compared to the medium (P = .050) and high (P = .046) groups but nullified after controlling for covariates. DII-scores were not associated with TNF-α, VEGF, or IL-6, but were associated with MCP-1 only in the unadjusted model (r = .125, P = .042). In the adjusted model, MCP-1 was inversely associated with tibia cortical thickness (r = -.150 P = .030). CONCLUSION The DII-scores were not related to biomarkers of inflammation or bone; however, the biomarker of inflammation, MCP-1 was negatively associated with tibia CtTh. Future prospective pediatric studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and determine if there are long-term implications in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N Shivappa
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J R Hebert
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Emami F, Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Motealleh A. Comparison of static and dynamic balance during early follicular and ovulation phases in healthy women, using simple, clinical tests: a cross sectional study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:257-260. [PMID: 30350735 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1519788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance may be influenced by several factors. The menstrual cycle can be considered as an important factor which may affect postural control. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of early follicular and ovulation phases on static and dynamic balance indices. Thirty non-athlete healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle aged between 18 and 25 years participated in the study. Static balance was evaluated through single-leg stance test and dynamic balance was investigated with posteromedial direction of Y- balance test during early follicular and ovulation (24-48 hours after the peak of estrogen) phases of menstrual cycle. The balance tests were performed in a randomized order in each session. A paired t-test analysis was performed to compare the data during the early follicular and ovulation phases. The results indicated that both static and dynamic balance scores were higher in ovulation phase in comparison to early follicular phase (p < .001). It is worth noting to consider the balance fluctuations during different phases of menstrual cycle when prescribing exercise programs for healthy women or when they participate in sport or recreational activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Emami
- a Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad
- a Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Alireza Motealleh
- a Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kindler JM, Lobene AJ, Vogel KA, Martin BR, McCabe LD, Peacock M, Warden SJ, McCabe GP, Weaver CM. Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Bone Mass in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:892-899. [PMID: 30312423 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance is an adverse health outcome that accompanies obesity. Fat mass is negatively associated with the bone mass after adjustment for confounders. Insulin resistance might be an intermediary in this relationship. OBJECTIVE To determine whether insulin resistance is an intermediary in the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a previous randomized trial. SETTING University research facility. PARTICIPANTS A total of 240 adolescents (68% female), aged 7 to 15 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass were measured. Skeletal sites of interest included the total body and lumbar spine (LS). Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape measure. Insulin and glucose were measured in fasting sera, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Path analysis was performed to determine whether the relationship between adiposity and bone was mediated through insulin resistance. RESULTS Fat mass (r = 0.467; P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.487; P < 0.001) correlated positively with HOMA-IR. Controlling for race, sex, maturation, lean mass, and height, fat mass, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with LS BMC and total body areal bone mineral density (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, path models for fat mass (95% CI, -5.893 to -0.956) and waist circumference (95% CI, -15.473 to -2.124) showed a negative relationship with LS BMC via HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS These results support an intermediary role of insulin resistance in the relationship between adiposity and LS bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrea J Lobene
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kara A Vogel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Linda D McCabe
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Faienza MF, D'Amato G, Chiarito M, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Grano M, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Mechanisms Involved in Childhood Obesity-Related Bone Fragility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:269. [PMID: 31130918 PMCID: PMC6509993 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the major health problems in western countries. The excessive accumulation of adipose tissue causes inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, obesity leads to the development of severe co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases which can develop early in life. Furthermore, obese children have low bone mineral density and a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The knowledge about the interplay bone tissue and between adipose is still growing, although recent findings suggest that adipose tissue activity on bone can be fat-depot specific. Obesity is associated to a low-grade inflammation that alters the expression of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1), TRAIL, LIGHT/TNFSF14, OPG, and TNFα. These molecules can affect bone metabolism, thus resulting in osteoporosis. The purpose of this review was to deepen the cellular mechanisms by which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis and bone fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giacomina Brunetti
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wright CS, Laing EM, Pollock NK, Hausman DB, Weaver CM, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Warden SJ, Hill Gallant KM, Lewis RD. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Influence Muscle Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1940-1947. [PMID: 30001469 PMCID: PMC6556206 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are shown to improve strength in adults; however, data in pediatric populations are scant and equivocal. In this ancillary study of a larger-scale, multi-sited, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention in US children and adolescents, we examined the associations between changes in vitamin D metabolites and changes in muscle mass, strength, and composition after 12 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation. Healthy male and female, black and white children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 13 years from two US states (Georgia 34°N and Indiana 40°N) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive an oral vitamin D3 dose of 0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d for 12 weeks between the winter months of 2009 to 2011 (N = 324). Analyses of covariance, partial correlations, and regression analyses of baseline and 12-week changes (post-baseline) in vitamin D metabolites (serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]), and outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and composition (total body fat-free soft tissue [FFST], handgrip strength, forearm and calf muscle cross-sectional area [MCSA], muscle density, and intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT]) were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D, but not iPTH, increased over time, as did fat mass, FFST, forearm and calf MCSA, forearm IMAT, and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Vitamin D metabolites were not associated with muscle strength at baseline nor after the 12-week intervention. Changes in serum 25(OH)D correlated with decreases in forearm IMAT, whereas changes in serum iPTH predicted increases in forearm and calf MCSA and IMAT (p < 0.05). Overall, increases in 25(OH)D did not influence muscle mass or strength in vitamin D-sufficient children and adolescents; however, the role of iPTH on muscle composition in this population is unknown and warrants further investigation. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Furuse C, Almeida AF, Costa SF, Ervolino-Silva AC, Okamoto R, Sumida DH, Matsumoto MA, Leite FRM. Influence of weight gain on the modulation of wound healing following tooth extraction. Bone 2018; 114:226-234. [PMID: 29935255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Furuse
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline F Almeida
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei F Costa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Ervolino-Silva
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Doris H Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariza A Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zulfarina MS, Sharif R, Syarifah-Noratiqah SB, Sharkawi AM, Aqilah-SM ZSM, Mokhtar SA, Nazrun SA, Naina-Mohamed I. Modifiable factors associated with bone health in Malaysian adolescents utilising calcaneus quantitative ultrasound. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202321. [PMID: 30106982 PMCID: PMC6091955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximizing bone mineral accrual to attain an optimal peak bone mass (PBM), particularly during adolescence, appears to be an effective protective strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical activity (PA), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), body mass index (BMI), calcium, or combination of vitamin D supplement intake, smoking and alcohol drinking status on bone health assessed by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a healthy adolescent population. The participants comprised of 920 male and female secondary school adolescents aged 15–17 years old. Quantitative ultrasound measurements of the left heel were performed using Lunar Achilles EX II, which included results of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and a calculated stiffness index (SI). Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that—PA was positively associated with all three QUS indices in both genders; BMI was positively associated with SI and SOS in females; LM was positively associated with BUA in both genders; and FM was negatively associated with SI in females. These variables accounted for 32.1%, 21.2% and 29.4% of females’ SOS, BUA and SI variances (p<0.001), respectively and 23.6%, 15.4% and 17.2% of males’ SOS, BUA and SI variances (p<0.001), respectively. Promoting health benefits from physical activity could influence bone status and consequently improve PBM, which is a potent protective determinant against osteoporosis in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Zulfarina
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed-Badrul Syarifah-Noratiqah
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad M. Sharkawi
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaris-SM Aqilah-SM
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabarul-Afian Mokhtar
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shuid A. Nazrun
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina-Mohamed
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hetherington-Rauth M, Bea JW, Blew RM, Funk JL, Hingle MD, Lee VR, Roe DJ, Wheeler MD, Lohman TG, Going SB. Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. Bone 2018; 113:144-150. [PMID: 29800691 PMCID: PMC6008243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the high prevalence of childhood obesity, especially among Hispanic children, understanding how body weight and its components of lean and fat mass affect bone development is important, given that the amount of bone mineral accrued during childhood can determine osteoporosis risk later in life. The aim of this study was to assess the independent contributions of lean and fat mass on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, and strength in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones of Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. METHODS Bone vBMD, geometry, and strength were assessed at the 20% distal femur, the 4% and 66% distal tibia, and the 66% distal radius of the non-dominant limb of 326, 9- to 12-year-old girls using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Total body lean and fat mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the independent relationships of fat and lean mass with pQCT bone measures while adjusting for relevant confounders. Potential interactions between ethnicity and both fat and lean mass were also tested. RESULTS Lean mass was a significant positive contributor to all bone outcomes (p < 0.05) with the exception of vBMD at diaphyseal sites. Fat mass was a significant contributor to bone strength at weight bearing sites, but did not significantly contribute to bone strength at the non-weight bearing radius and was negatively associated with radius cortical content and thickness. Bone measures did not significantly differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls, although there was a significant interaction between ethnicity and fat mass with total bone area at the femur (p = 0.02) and 66% tibia (p = 0.005) as well as bone strength at the femur (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Lean mass is the main determinant of bone strength for appendicular skeletal sites. Fat mass contributes to bone strength in the weight-bearing skeleton but does not add to bone strength in non-weight-bearing locations and may potentially be detrimental. Bone vBMD, geometry, and strength did not differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls; fat mass may be a stronger contributor to bone strength in weight-bearing bones of Hispanic girls compared to non-Hispanic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Melanie D Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Vinson R Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Denise J Roe
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Mark D Wheeler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Timothy G Lohman
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coheley LM, Kindler JM, Laing EM, Oshri A, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Peacock M, Weaver CM, Lewis RD. Whole egg consumption and cortical bone in healthy children. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1783-1791. [PMID: 29713797 PMCID: PMC6604058 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eggs contain bioactive compounds thought to benefit pediatric bone. This cross-sectional study shows a positive link between childhood egg intake and radius cortical bone. If randomized trials confirm our findings, incorporating eggs into children's diets could have a significant impact in preventing childhood fractures and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION This study examined the relationships between egg consumption and cortical bone in children. METHODS The cross-sectional study design included 294 9-13-year-old black and white males and females. Three-day diet records determined daily egg consumption. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured radius and tibia cortical bone. Body composition and biomarkers of bone turnover were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Egg intake was positively correlated with radius and tibia cortical bone mineral content (Ct.BMC), total bone area, cortical area, cortical thickness, periosteal circumference, and polar strength strain index in unadjusted models (r = 0.144-0.224, all P < 0.050). After adjusting for differences in race, sex, maturation, fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST), and protein intakes, tibia relationships were nullified; however, egg intake remained positively correlated with radius Ct.BMC (r = 0.138, P = 0.031). Egg intake positively correlated with total body bone mineral density, BMC, and bone area in the unadjusted models only (r = 0.119-0.224; all P < 0.050). After adjusting for covariates, egg intake was a positive predictor of radius FFST (β = 0.113, P < 0.050) and FFST was a positive predictor of Ct.BMC (β = 0.556, P < 0.050) in path analyses. There was a direct influence of egg on radius Ct.BMC (β = 0.099, P = 0.035), even after adjusting for the mediator, FFST (β = 0.137, P = 0.020). Egg intake was positively correlated with osteocalcin in both the unadjusted (P = 0.005) and adjusted (P = 0.049) models. CONCLUSION If the positive influence of eggs on Ct.BMC observed in this study is confirmed through future randomized controlled trials, whole eggs may represent a viable strategy to promote pediatric bone development and prevent fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J M Kindler
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - E M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 207, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S J Warden
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 1140 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Gatch Hall Suite 265, 1120 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Üstyol A, Atabek ME. Prediyabeti olan obez çocukların kemik mineral dansitometreleri. EGE TIP DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.414976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
40
|
Hetherington-Rauth M, Bea JW, Blew RM, Funk JL, Lee VR, Varadi TC, Roe DJ, Wheeler MD, Going SB. Effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in girls. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1185-1194. [PMID: 29892038 PMCID: PMC6195820 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity has been separately associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) and increased risk of fracture. However, both augmented and compromised bone mass have been reported among overweight/obese children. Metabolic dysfunction, often co-existing with obesity, may explain the discrepancy in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between adiposity and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone mass differed in young girls with and without CMR(s). SUBJECTS/METHODS Whole-body bone and body composition measures by DXA and measures of CMR (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference (WC)) were obtained from 307, 9- to 12-year-old girls. Girls with 1 or ≥ 2 CMR(s) were considered to be at risk (vs. no CMR). Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship of total fat mass with total body bone mineral content (BMC) after controlling for height, lean mass, CMR risk, and other potential confounders. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between CMR risk and total body fat mass. When girls were stratified by CMR group, all groups had a significant positive relationship between fat mass and BMC (p < 0.05), however, girls with ≥ 2 CMRs had a lower BMC for a given level of body fat. Total body fat was not significantly related to bone mineral density (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Fat mass has a positive relationship with BMC even after controlling for lean mass. However, the positive relationship of fat mass with BMC may be attenuated if multiple CMRs are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.,Departments of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Janet L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.,Departments of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Vinson R Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Tiffany C Varadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mark D Wheeler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Scott B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Devlin M, Robbins A, Cosman M, Moursi C, Cloutier A, Louis L, Van Vliet M, Conlon C, Bouxsein M. Differential effects of high fat diet and diet-induced obesity on skeletal acquisition in female C57BL/6J vs. FVB/NJ Mice. Bone Rep 2018; 8:204-214. [PMID: 29955639 PMCID: PMC6020275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of obesity on bone metabolism are complex, and may be mediated by consumption of a high fat diet and/or by obesity-induced metabolic dysregulation. To test the hypothesis that both high fat (HF) diet and diet-induced metabolic disease independently decrease skeletal acquisition, we compared effects of HF diet on bone mass and microarchitecture in two mouse strains: diet-induced obesity (DIO)-susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and DIO-resistant FVB/NJ (FVB). At 3 wks of age we weaned 120 female FVB and B6 mice onto normal (N, 10% Kcal/fat) or HF diet (45% Kcal/fat) and euthanized them at 6, 12 and 20 weeks of age (N = 10/grp). Outcomes included body mass; percent fat and whole-body bone mineral density (WBBMD, g/cm2) via DXA; cortical and trabecular bone architecture at the midshaft and distal femur via μCT; and marrow adiposity via histomorphometry. In FVB HF, body mass, percent body fat, WBBMD and marrow adiposity did not differ vs. N, but trabecular bone mass was lower at 6 wks of age only (p < 0.05), cortical bone geometric properties were lower at 12 wks only, and bone strength was lower at 20 wks of age only in HF vs. N (p < 0.05). In contrast, B6 HF had higher body mass, percent body fat, and leptin vs. N. B6 HF also had higher WBBMD (p < 0.05) at 9 and 12 wks of age but lower distal femur trabecular bone mass at 12 wks of age, and lower body mass-adjusted cortical bone properties at 20 wks of age compared to N (p < 0.05). Marrow adiposity was also markedly higher in B6 HF vs. N. Overall, HF diet negatively affected bone mass in both strains, but was more deleterious to trabecular bone microarchitecture and marrow adiposity in B6 than in FVB mice. These data suggest that in addition to fat consumption itself, the metabolic response to high fat diet independently alters skeletal acquisition in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Devlin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - A. Robbins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - M.N. Cosman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - C.A. Moursi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - A.M. Cloutier
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| | - L. Louis
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| | - M. Van Vliet
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| | - C. Conlon
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| | - M.L. Bouxsein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dimitri P. Fat and bone in children - where are we now? Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:62-69. [PMID: 29969876 PMCID: PMC6057021 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of fracture secondary to low-impact trauma is greater in obese children, suggesting obese children are at risk of skeletal fragility. However, despite this finding, there is a lack of agreement about the impact of excessive adiposity on skeletal development. The combination of poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, greater force generated on impact through falls, and greater propensity to falls may in part explain the increased risk of fracture in obese children. To date, evidence suggests that in early childhood years, obesity confers a structural advantage to the developing skeleton. However, in time, this relationship attenuates and then reverses, such that there is a critical period during skeletal development when obesity has a detrimental effect on skeletal structure and strength. Fat mass may be important to the developing cortical and trabecular bone compartments, provided that gains in fat mass are not excessive. However, when fat accumulation reaches excessive levels, unfavorable metabolic changes may impede skeletal development. Evidence from studies examining bone microstructure suggests skeletal adaption to excessive load fails, and bone strength is relatively diminished in relation to body size in obese children. Mechanisms that may explain these changes include changes in the hormonal environment, particularly in relation to alterations in adipokines and fat distribution. Given the concomitant rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity and fractures, as well as adult osteoporosis, further work is required to understand the relationship between obesity and skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dimitri
- Address for correspondence: Paul Dimitri The Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, United Kingdom Tel: +44-271-7118 Fax: +44-275-5364 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Associations of components of sarcopenic obesity with bone health and balance in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 75:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
44
|
Kelley JC, Stettler-Davis N, Leonard MB, Hill D, Wrotniak BH, Shults J, Stallings VA, Berkowitz R, Xanthopoulos MS, Prout-Parks E, Klieger SB, Zemel BS. Effects of a Randomized Weight Loss Intervention Trial in Obese Adolescents on Tibia and Radius Bone Geometry and Volumetric Density. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:42-53. [PMID: 28884881 PMCID: PMC8527854 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obese adolescents have increased fracture risk, but effects of alterations in adiposity on bone accrual and strength in obese adolescents are not understood. We evaluated 12-month changes in trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical geometry in obese adolescents undergoing a randomized weight management program, and investigated the effect of body composition changes on bone outcomes. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the radius and tibia, and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months in 91 obese adolescents randomized to standard care versus behavioral intervention for weight loss. Longitudinal models assessed effects of body composition changes on bone outcomes, adjusted for age, bone length, and African-American ancestry, and stratified by sex. Secondary analyses included adjustment for physical activity, maturation, vitamin D, and inflammatory biomarkers. Baseline body mass index (BMI) was similar between intervention groups. Twelve-month change in BMI in the standard care group was 1.0 kg/m2 versus -0.4 kg/m2 in the behavioral intervention group (p < 0.01). Intervention groups were similar in bone outcomes, so they were combined for subsequent analyses. For the tibia, BMI change was not associated with change in vBMD or structure. Greater baseline lean body mass index (LBMI) associated with higher cortical vBMD in males, trabecular vBMD in females, and polar section modulus (pZ) and periosteal circumference (Peri-C) in both sexes. In females, change in LBMI positively associated with gains in pZ and Peri-C. Baseline visceral adipose tissue (VFAT) was inversely associated with pZ in males and cortical vBMD in females. Change in VFAT did not affect bone outcomes. For the radius, BMI and LBMI changes positively associated with pZ in males. Thus, in obese adolescents, weight loss intervention with modest changes in BMI was not detrimental to radius or tibia bone strength, and changes in lean, but not adiposity, measures were beneficial to bone development. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Kelley
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadephia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian H Wrotniak
- Department of Physical Therapy, D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Justine Shults
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Data Management, The Children's Hospital of Philadephia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia A Stallings
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadephia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Berkowitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa S Xanthopoulos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Prout-Parks
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadephia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah B Klieger
- Biostatistical and Data Management Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadephia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Association of Fat and Lean Tissue With Whole Body and Spine Bone Mineral Density Is Modified by HIV Status and Sex in Children and Youth. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:71-77. [PMID: 28817419 PMCID: PMC5725259 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected (HIV-pos) male children/youth showed lower bone mineral density at sexual maturity than HIV-uninfected (HIV-neg) females. It is not known whether complications of HIV disease, including abnormal body fat distribution, contribute to lower bone accrual in male HIV-pos adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the relationship between body composition (fat and lean mass) and bone mass in HIV-pos and HIV-neg children/youth and determined if it is modified by HIV status and sex. We used generalized estimating equations to simultaneously model the effect of fat/lean mass on multiple bone outcomes, including total body bone mineral density and bone mineral content and spine bone mineral density. We evaluated effect modification by HIV and sex. RESULTS The analysis cohort consisted of 143 HIV-neg and 236 HIV-pos, of whom 55% were black non-Hispanic and 53% were male. Ages ranged from 7 to < 25 years. Half of the children/youth were at Tanner stage 1 and 20% at Tanner 5. Fat mass was more strongly positively correlated with bone mass in HIV-neg than HIV-pos children/youth and these relationships were more evident for total body bone than spine outcomes. Within HIV strata, fat mass and bone were more correlated in female than male children/youth. The relationship between lean mass and bone varied by sex, but not by HIV status. CONCLUSIONS HIV disease diminishes the positive relationship of greater fat mass on bone mass in children/youth. Disruptions in body fat distribution, which are common in HIV disease, may have an impact on bone accretion during pubertal development.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kindler JM, Pollock NK, Ross HL, Modlesky CM, Singh H, Laing EM, Lewis RD. Obese Versus Normal-Weight Late-Adolescent Females have Inferior Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture: A Pilot Case-Control Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:479-488. [PMID: 28710506 PMCID: PMC5705220 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Though still a topic of debate, the position that skeletal health is compromised with obesity has received support in the pediatric and adult literature. The limited data relating specifically to trabecular bone microarchitecture, however, have been relatively inconsistent. The aim of this pilot cross-sectional case-control study was to compare trabecular bone microarchitecture between obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) late-adolescent females. A secondary aim was to compare diaphyseal cortical bone outcomes between these two groups. Twenty-four non-Hispanic white females, ages 18-19 years, were recruited into OB (n = 12) or NW (n = 12) groups based on pre-specified criteria for percent body fat (≥32 vs. <30, respectively), body mass index (>90th vs. 20th-79th, respectively), and waist circumference (≥90th vs. 25th-75th, respectively). Participants were also individually matched on age, height, and oral contraceptive use. Using magnetic resonance imaging, trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed at the distal radius and proximal tibia metaphysis, and cortical bone architecture was assessed at the mid-radius and mid-tibia diaphysis. OB versus NW had lower apparent trabecular thickness (radius and tibia), higher apparent trabecular separation (radius), and lower apparent bone volume to total volume (radius; all P < 0.050). Some differences in radius and tibia trabecular bone microarchitecture were retained after adjusting for insulin resistance or age at menarche. Mid-radius and mid-tibia cortical bone volume and estimated strength were lower in the OB compared to NW after adjusting for fat-free soft tissue mass (all P < 0.050). These trabecular and cortical bone deficits might contribute to the increased fracture risk in obese youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, HS-1640 Health Sciences Campus, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hannah L Ross
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Modlesky
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Ramsey Center, 330 River Rd, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Harshvardhan Singh
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 201 N STAR Health Sciences Complex, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gibbs JC, Giangregorio LM, Wong AKO, Josse RG, Cheung AM. Appendicular and whole body lean mass outcomes are associated with finite element analysis-derived bone strength at the distal radius and tibia in adults aged 40years and older. Bone 2017; 103:47-54. [PMID: 28614701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine how appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and whole body lean (LMI) and fat mass indices (FMI) associate with estimated bone strength outcomes at the distal radius and tibia in adults aged 40 years and older. METHODS Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed to determine body composition, including whole body lean and fat mass, and appendicular lean mass. ALMI (appendicular lean mass/height2), LMI (lean tissue mass/height2) and FMI (fat mass/height2) were calculated. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) scans were performed to assess bone structural properties at the distal radius and tibia. Using finite element analysis, failure load (N), stiffness (N/mm), ultimate stress (MPa), and cortical-to-trabecular load ratio were estimated from HRpQCT scans. The associations between body composition (ALMI, LMI, FMI) and estimated bone strength were examined using bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, and other confounding variables. RESULTS In 197 participants (127 women; mean±SD, age: 69.5±10.3y, body mass index: 27.95±4.95kg/m2, ALMI: 7.31±1.31kg/m2), ALMI and LMI were significantly associated with failure load at the distal radius and tibia (explained 39%-48% of the variance) and remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables and multiple testing (R2=0.586-0.645, p<0.001). ALMI, LMI, and FMI did not have significant associations with ultimate stress in our multivariable models. FMI was significantly associated with cortical-to-trabecular load ratio at the distal radius and tibia (explained 6%-12% of the variance) and remained significant after adjusting for confounders and multiple testing (R2=0.208-0.243, p<0.001). FMI was no longer significantly associated with failure load after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ALMI and LMI are important determinants of estimated bone strength, particularly failure load, at the distal radius and tibia, and may contribute to preservation of bone strength in middle-to-late adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Gibbs
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Lora M Giangregorio
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Brain and Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Program, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON M4G 3V9, Canada; Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, 250 Laurelwood Drive, Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada.
| | - Andy K O Wong
- University Health Network Osteoporosis Program, University of Toronto Centre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN7-221, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Robert G Josse
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Osteoporosis Centre, 61 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
| | - Angela M Cheung
- University Health Network Osteoporosis Program, University of Toronto Centre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, 200 Elizabeth Street, EN7-221, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gállego Suárez C, Singer BH, Gebremariam A, Lee JM, Singer K. The relationship between adiposity and bone density in U.S. children and adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181587. [PMID: 28723934 PMCID: PMC5517060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In adults, obesity has been associated with several health outcomes including increased bone density. Our objective was to evaluate the association between percent body fat and fat mass with bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative population of children and adolescents. Study design A total of 8,348 participants 8–18 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006 had whole body DXA scans performed. We conducted linear regressions to examine the relationship between percent body fat and fat mass with outcome variables of total body, pelvic and lumbar spine areal BMD (aBMD), controlling for lean body mass and assessing for gender and race/ethnicity interactions. Results We found evidence of gender and race/ethnicity interactions with percent body fat and total fat mass for the different BMD areas. Generally, there were decreases in total body aBMD (p<0.001) and lumbar spine aBMD (p<0.001) with increasing percent body fat and total fat mass, with less consistent patterns for pelvic aBMD. Conclusion Our findings of regional differences in the relationship of adiposity to aBMD in children and adolescents with significant interactions by gender and race/ethnicity emphasizes the need for further investigations to understand the impact of adiposity on bone health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gállego Suárez
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Achamyeleh Gebremariam
- Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joyce M. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
VLACHOPOULOS DIMITRIS, UBAGO-GUISADO ESTHER, BARKER ALANR, METCALF BRADS, FATOUROS IOANNISG, AVLONITI ALEXANDRA, KNAPP KARENM, MORENO LUISA, WILLIAMS CRAIGA, GRACIA-MARCO LUIS. Determinants of Bone Outcomes in Adolescent Athletes at Baseline. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1389-1396. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Kindler JM, Pollock NK, Laing EM, Oshri A, Jenkins NT, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Ding KH, Hausman DB, McCabe GP, Martin BR, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Insulin Resistance and the IGF-I-Cortical Bone Relationship in Children Ages 9 to 13 Years. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1537-1545. [PMID: 28300329 PMCID: PMC5489353 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I is a pivotal hormone in pediatric musculoskeletal development. Although recent data suggest that the role of IGF-I in total body lean mass and total body bone mass accrual may be compromised in children with insulin resistance, cortical bone geometric outcomes have not been studied in this context. Therefore, we explored the influence of insulin resistance on the relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone in children. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of insulin resistance on the lean mass-dependent relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone. Children were otherwise healthy, early adolescent black and white boys and girls (ages 9 to 13 years) and were classified as having high (n = 147) or normal (n = 168) insulin resistance based on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Cortical bone at the tibia diaphysis (66% site) and total body fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. IGF-I, insulin, and glucose were measured in fasting sera and HOMA-IR was calculated. Children with high HOMA-IR had greater unadjusted IGF-I (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR was a negative predictor of cortical bone mineral content, cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), and polar strength strain index (pSSI; all p ≤ 0.01) after adjusting for race, sex, age, maturation, fat mass, and FFST. IGF-I was a positive predictor of most musculoskeletal endpoints (all p < 0.05) after adjusting for race, sex, age, and maturation. However, these relationships were moderated by HOMA-IR (pInteraction < 0.05). FFST positively correlated with most cortical bone outcomes (all p < 0.05). Path analyses demonstrated a positive relationship between IGF-I and Ct.Ar via FFST in the total cohort (βIndirect Effect = 0.321, p < 0.001). However, this relationship was moderated in the children with high (βIndirect Effect = 0.200, p < 0.001) versus normal (βIndirect Effect = 0.408, p < 0.001) HOMA-IR. These data implicate insulin resistance as a potential suppressor of IGF-I-dependent cortical bone development, though prospective studies are needed. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|