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Madi M, Abdelsalam M, Elakel A, Zakaria O, AlGhamdi M, Alqahtani M, AlMuhaish L, Farooqi F, Alamri TA, Alhafid IA, Alzahrani IM, Alam AH, Alhashmi MT, Alasseri IA, AlQuorain AA, AlQuorain AA. Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17374. [PMID: 38756445 PMCID: PMC11097963 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals. Methods The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings. Results The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group (p = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = -0.460, p = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = -0.396, p = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet. Conclusion Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elakel
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher AlGhamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luba AlMuhaish
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Farooqi
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki A. Alamri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhafid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alzahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel H. Alam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed T. Alhashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alasseri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. AlQuorain
- College of medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. AlQuorain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Borges RDC, Echeverria MS, Karam SA, Horta BL, Demarco FF. Use of dental services among adults from a birth cohort in the South region of Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2023; 57:47. [PMID: 37585946 PMCID: PMC10392773 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city's census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0-59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. CONCLUSION 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela do Carmo Borges
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Mariana Silveira Echeverria
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Sarah Arangurem Karam
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de OdontologiaPrograma de Pós-graduação em OdontologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Odontologia. Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de OdontologiaPrograma de Pós-graduação em OdontologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Odontologia. Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Bitencourt FV, Nascimento GG, Costa SA, Orrico SRP, Ribeiro CCC, Leite FRM. The Role of Dyslipidemia in Periodontitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020300. [PMID: 36678171 PMCID: PMC9864120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested an important role of dyslipidemia, a condition with alterations in blood lipid levels, in promoting an additional effect on periodontal breakdown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the theoretical pathways associated with dyslipidemia and periodontitis. We used data from 11,917 US adults with complete periodontal examinations participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Our hypothesis was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) and periodontitis as a latent variable reflecting the shared variance of the number of surfaces with periodontal pocket depth [PPD] = 4 mm, PPD = 5 mm, PPD ≥ 6 mm, clinical attachment level [CAL] = 4 mm, CAL = 5mm, CAL ≥ 6 mm, and furcation involvement. The model also considered distal determinants (age, sex, and socioeconomic status) and proximal determinants (HbA1c, smoking and alcohol consumption, and obesity). The model showed sufficient global fit (Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.04, 90%CI = 0.04−0.05, Tucker−Lewis Index = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index = 0.95). Age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity, and smoking were directly associated with periodontitis (p < 0.01). Dyslipidemia revealed a significant direct effect on periodontitis (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.086, SE 0.027; p < 0.01), also mediated via an indirect pathway through HbA1c (SC = 0.021; SE 0.010; p = 0.02) and obesity (SC = 0.036; SE 0.012; p < 0.01) and resulted in a total effect on periodontitis. Dyslipidemia was associated with periodontitis through a direct pathway and indirectly through HbA1c and obesity in the US population. These results support the need for a multi-professional approach to tackling oral and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), directed at their common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valentim Bitencourt
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Susilena Arouche Costa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Graduate Dentistry Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080805, Brazil
| | - Silvana Regina Perez Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801385, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), São José do Rio Preto 15030070, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Periodontology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Abu-Shawish G, Betsy J, Anil S. Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12684. [PMID: 36231983 PMCID: PMC9566678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is inconclusive evidence about the link between the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in obese adults. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the possibility of significant evidence on the association between obesity and periodontitis and to determine the necessity to consider obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis. We followed the PRISMA protocol, and studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. The risk of bias in individual studies was also evaluated. This review included 15 observational studies (9 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control, and 4 cohort studies). The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171). Most studies showed a significant association between obesity and periodontitis. Among these studies, a few showed obese females to be at a higher risk, and one study found no association between obesity and periodontal disease at all. Based on the evidence obtained from this review, the body mass index (BMI) should be routinely assessed in patients to assess the risk for periodontal disease and to offer personalized management of periodontitis. Based on the findings of this review, we recommend the need to initiate awareness among clinicians and implement dental hygiene care prevention measures for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Abu-Shawish
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Joseph Betsy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta 689101, India
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Association of Diet-Related Systemic Inflammation with Periodontitis and Tooth Loss: The Interaction Effect of Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194118. [PMID: 36235769 PMCID: PMC9572370 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important factor that can affect inflammatory processes. Diet-related systemic inflammation is closely linked to periodontitis and tooth loss. However, the role that systemic conditions play in influencing this association remains unclear. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014. Diet-related systemic inflammation was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Multivariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between DII and periodontal results, including total periodontitis, tooth loss, severe tooth loss, and the number of teeth lost. The interaction effects between DII and established covariates were tested. Higher DII scores, corresponding to a higher pro-inflammatory potential of the diet, were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis and tooth loss among the 10,096 eligible participants. There was an interaction between diabetes and DII on total periodontitis (p = 0.0136). No significant interaction effect was detected between DII and other established covariates. Participants who consumed an anti-inflammatory diet, and did not have diabetes, experienced the lowest risks of periodontitis and tooth loss. However, in the context of diabetes, the efficacy of such a diet may be weakened or even eliminated. Dietary interventions to manage oral health problems may need to take the individual's metabolic condition into account.
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Periodontitis Is Associated with Consumption of Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods: Findings from a Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183735. [PMID: 36145111 PMCID: PMC9503140 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between periodontitis and lifestyle factors has been widely investigated. However, an association between periodontitis and dietary patterns has not been explored. Therefore, this study investigated the association between periodontitis and food consumption among a Southern Brazil population. Data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used (n = 537). The exposure, periodontitis, was clinically measured and classified using the AAP/CDC system, then two latent variables were defined: ‘initial’ and ‘moderate/severe’ periodontitis. The consumption of in natura, processed, and ultra-processed foods (NOVA classification) was the outcome and measured in calories using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Confounders were sex, maternal education, smoking status, xerostomia, and halitosis. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. ‘Initial’ periodontitis was associated with a higher consumption of in natura food (standardized coefficient (SC) 0.102; p-value = 0.040), versus processed (SC 0.078; p-value = 0.129) and ultra-processed (SC 0.043; p-value = 0.400) foods. ‘Moderate/severe’ periodontitis was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (SC 0.108; p-value = 0.024), versus processed (SC 0.093; p-value = 0.053) and in natura (SC 0.014; p-value = 0.762) foods. ‘Moderate/severe’ periodontitis appears to be associated with the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods.
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Oliveira LM, da Silva Pilecco K, de Oliveira CA, Antoniazzi RP, Demarco FF, Zanatta FB. Alcohol Intake Influences the Occurrence and Progression of Periodontitis Differently According to Sex and Country Sociodemographic Development: A Two-Stage Systematic Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:566-575. [PMID: 35475575 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To conduct an overview and systematic evaluation of prospective cohort studies on whether alcohol intake is associated with the incidence and progression of periodontitis. METHODS Nine databases were searched by two independent reviewers up to November 2021 according to prespecified eligibility criteria. Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions were used for risk of bias assessment and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Random-effects pair-wise meta-analyses were performed with data from cohort studies on the effects of higher levels of alcohol intake compared with current non-drinking to determine risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals of periodontitis. RESULTS The four systematic reviews were at high risk of bias and concluded that alcohol intake is associated with periodontitis regardless of the study design. Five reports from seven cohort studies contributed to the meta-analyses and no statistically significant differences were found for higher levels of consumption regarding the risk of periodontitis, except for men from countries with low- and high-middle socio-demographic index (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.46), with low certainty evidence. CONCLUSION Higher levels of alcohol consumption seem to be part of the causal mechanism of periodontitis when cooccurring with male sex in underdeveloped countries. No conclusion can be drawn regarding alcohol use disorders or patterns of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Machado Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Kimberly da Silva Pilecco
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Cícero Anghinoni de Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96020-220, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97015-900, Brazil
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Abstract
When announcing the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in
Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021, the Royal Swedish Academy emphasized how
conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural
experiments. But what can dental research learn from this? The
economist’s toolbox provides a number of methods for causal inference
from observational data such as instrumental variables, regression
discontinuity designs, or difference-in-differences analyses. Although
the relevance of improving causal inference in dental research has
repeatedly been highlighted in recent years, dental research still
seems to reveal major room for improvement in the application of such
methods. First, there seems to be an absence of causal literature on
key essential research questions for oral health. Second, the
diversity and diffusion of causal inferential methods in the dental
literature seem very limited so far. Third, while dental research has
widely been promoting the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to
help conceptualize causal thinking, comparably little attention seems
to have been paid to choosing and applying appropriate data-analytic
approaches for causal inference. Fourth, similar to other fields of
medicine, confusion seems to persist within the dental research
community as to the use of causal language. If dental research is to
secure a robust evidence base for promoting effective oral health
interventions, we argue that dental research needs to move beyond its
current methodological echo chamber and embrace a radically different
approach to causal inference. We call for editors, reviewers, and
authors to embrace a much more critically reflective approach to
causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Listl
- Radboud University Medical Center - Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Y. Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - H. Jürges
- Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Peres KG, Nascimento GG, Gupta A, Singh A, Cassiano LS, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Scoping Review of Oral Health-Related Birth Cohort Studies: Toward a Global Consortium. J Dent Res 2022; 101:632-646. [PMID: 35012400 PMCID: PMC9125142 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211062475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary nature and long duration of birth cohort studies allow investigation of the relationship between general and oral health and indicate the most appropriate stages in life to intervene. To date, the worldwide distribution of oral health-related birth cohort studies (OHRBCSs) has not been mapped, and a synthesis of information on methodological characteristics and outcomes is not available. We mapped published literature on OHRBCSs, describing their oral health-related data and methodological aspects. A 3-step search strategy was adopted to identify published studies using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID databases. Studies with baseline data collection during pregnancy or within the first year of life or linked future oral health data to exposures during either of these 2 life stages were included. Studies examining only mothers' oral health and specific populations were excluded. In total, 1,721 articles were suitable for initial screening of titles and abstracts, and 528 articles were included in the review, identifying 120 unique OHRBCSs from 34 countries in all continents. The review comprised literature from the mid-1940s to the 21st century. Fifty-four percent of the OHRBCSs started from 2000 onward, and 75% of the cohorts were from high-income and only 2 from low-income countries. The participation rate between the baseline and the last oral health follow-up varied between 7% and 93%. Ten cohorts that included interventions were mostly from 2000 and with fewer than 1,000 participants. Seven data-linkage cohorts focused mostly on upstream characteristics and biological aspects. The most frequent clinical assessment was dental caries, widely presented as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft). Periodontal conditions were primarily applied as isolated outcomes or as part of a classification system. Socioeconomic classification, ethnicity, and country- or language-specific assessment tools varied across countries. Harmonizing definitions will allow combining data from different studies, adding considerable strength to data analyses; this will be facilitated by forming a global consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - G G Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Gupta
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
| | - A Singh
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Schertel Cassiano
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Frandsen Lau E, Peterson DE, Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Robledo‐Sierra J, Porat Ben Amy D, Kerr R, Lopez R, Baelum V, Lodi G, Varoni EM. Embracing multi‐causation of periodontitis: Why aren’t we there yet? Oral Dis 2021; 28:1015-1021. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Frandsen Lau
- Section for Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Douglas E. Peterson
- Section of Oral Medicine Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences School of Dental Medicine UConn Health Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Fabio R. M. Leite
- Section for Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Dalit Porat Ben Amy
- Oral Medicine Unit Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery The Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya Israel
| | - Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine New York University College of Medicine New York City New York USA
| | - Rodrigo Lopez
- Section for Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Vibeke Baelum
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Elena M. Varoni
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milano Italy
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12
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Kothari SF, Nascimento GG, Jakobsen MB, Nielsen JF, Kothari M. Effectiveness of Standard Oral Care Plan During Hospital Stay in Individuals With Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:714167. [PMID: 34975708 PMCID: PMC8714640 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.714167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an existing standard oral care program (SOCP) and factors associated with it during hospitalization in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).Material and Methods: A total of 61 individuals underwent a SOCP for 4 weeks in a longitudinal observational study. Rapidly noticeable changes in oral health were evaluated by performing plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing (BOP) and bedside oral examination (BOE) at weeks 1 and 5. Individuals' brushing habits, eating difficulties, and the onset of pneumonia were retrieved from their medical records. Association between oral-health outcomes to systemic variables were investigated through multilevel regression models.Results: Dental plaque (P = 0.01) and total BOE score (P < 0.05) decreased over time but not the proportion of dental calculus (P = 0.30), BOP (P = 0.06), and tooth brushing frequency (P = 0.06). Reduction in plaque and BOE over time were negatively associated with higher periodontitis scores at baseline (coef. −6.8; −1.0), respectively, which in turn were associated with an increased proportion of BOP (coef. ≈ 15.0). An increased proportion of calculus was associated with eating difficulties (coef. 2.3) and the onset of pneumonia (coef. 6.2).Conclusions: Nursing care has been fundamental in improving oral health, especially reducing dental plaque and BOE scores. However, our findings indicate a need for improving the existing SOCP through academic-clinical partnerships.Clinical Relevance: Early introduction of oral care program to brain-injured individuals is beneficial in reducing plaque accumulation and improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple F. Kothari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mille B. Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
- JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
- *Correspondence: Mohit Kothari
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13
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Zheng M, Wang C, Ali A, Shih YA, Xie Q, Guo C. Prevalence of periodontitis in people clinically diagnosed with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1307-1327. [PMID: 34028620 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis has long been discussed, but the conclusion of this relationship was controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of periodontitis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting associations of periodontitis with diabetes. Gray literature was integrated from the Open-Gray database. Prevalence estimates and odds ratios were extracted by two independent reviewers and synthesized through meta-analyses. RESULTS Twenty-seven papers met the inclusion criteria involving 3092 diabetic patients and 23,494 controls. Overall prevalence of periodontitis was 67.8% in diabetics (combined types) and 35.5% in patients without diabetes (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.61-2.11). Probing depth (MD 0.23; 95% CI, 0.17-0.29; I2 = 25%) and plaque index (MD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.18-0.23; P = 0.59; I2 = 0%) severity scores were significantly greater among the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and severity of periodontitis are greater in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Ali
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glossop Rd, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Yi An Shih
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao,Shangdong, China.
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Ren J, Li G, Zhang L, Zhang N, Ren J. Hypothetical Interventions for Falls Among Older Adults: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:732136. [PMID: 34568390 PMCID: PMC8457044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Falls, which have a higher incidence and mortality due to accidental injuries, are a major global health challenge. The effects of lifestyle factor, health indicator, psychological condition, and functional status interventions on the risk of falls are unknown and the conventional regression model would not adjust for the confounders. This study aimed to evaluate the 4-year risk of falls on the basis of these hypothetical interventions among Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 9,692 aged 65 years and over older adults in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study wave, from 2011 to 2015. We used the parametric g-formula to evaluate the risk of falls on the basis of independent hypothetical interventions of sleep duration, social activities, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), vision, depression, activities of daily living (ADL), and their different joint intervention combinations. Results: During the follow-up of 4 years, we documented 1,569 falls. The observed risk of falls was 23.58%. The risk ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of falls under the intensive hypothetical interventions on increasing sleep duration, participating in more social activities, quit smoking and drinking, reducing BMI and SBP, better vision, alleviating depressive symptoms, and improving ADL capability were 0.93 (0.87–0.96), 0.88 (0.79–0.92), 0.98 (0.95–1.03), 0.97 (0.95–1.02), 0.92 (0.86–1.03), 0.93 (0.87–1.04), 0.86 (0.74–0.91), 0.91 (0.85–0.96), and 0.79 (0.74–0.85), respectively. The feasible and intensive joint hypothetical intervention reduced the 4-year fall risk by 22% (95% CI: 0.52–0.91) and 33% (95% CI: 0.56–0.72), respectively. Conclusions: Hypothetical interventions for increasing sleep duration, participating in more social activities, better vision, alleviating depressive symptoms, and improving ADL capability help protect older adults from falls. Our findings suggest that a combination of lifestyle factors, health indicators, psychological conditions, and functional status may prove to be an effective strategy for preventing falls among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guangyou Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liju Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
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15
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Boscato N, Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Horta BL, Svensson P, Demarco FF. Role of occlusal factors on probable bruxism and orofacial pain: Data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort study. J Dent 2021; 113:103788. [PMID: 34425171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the association between occlusal features and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain complaints and probable awake or sleep bruxism METHODS: Path analysis was used to estimate direct, indirect and total effects of occlusal features on probable bruxism and pain-related TMD in adults aged 31 years from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. A total of 539 cohort members had an oral examination in 2013. Occlusal features were assessed through the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), orofacial pain complaints through the TMD pain screener and probable bruxism based on self-reports in combination with clinical findings. RESULTS Malocclusions were found in 28.8% of the participants, while awake bruxism was reported in 35.2%, sleep bruxism in 15.2%, and pain-related TMD in 52.5% of the sample. Occlusion had no direct effect on either awake bruxism [standardized coefficient (SC) -0.002; p = 0.995] or pain-related TMD (SC -0.06; p = 0.115). Conversely, probable awake bruxism was associated with pain-related TMD (SC 0.35; p < 0.001). Similar results were found when sleep bruxism was set as the mediator of interest, as malocclusion did not directly affect sleep bruxism (SC 0.05; p= 0.220) nor pain-related TMD (SC -0.06; p = 0.167). A direct effect of sleep bruxism on pain-related TMD was observed with an SC of 0.16 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that malocclusion during adulthood did not directly influence probable awake or sleep bruxism nor TMD pain complaints. Instead, probable awake and sleep bruxism was associated with TMD pain complaints. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Malocclusion did not impact the presence of bruxism nor TMD complaints in adulthood, but awake and sleep bruxism were associated with TMD pain complaints. The significance of malocclusion should be reconsidered in contemporary dentistry and oral rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noéli Boscato
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Fabio R M Leite
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Flavio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Nascimento GG, Goettems ML, Schertel Cassiano L, Horta BL, Demarco FF. Clinical and self-reported oral conditions and quality of life in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1200-1207. [PMID: 34169558 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate and compare the effects of clinical and self-perceived oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults enrolled in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort were included in this study. OHRQoL was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument. Clinical parameters such as dental caries, periodontitis, aesthetics, and occlusal characteristics, and tongue coating were collected through clinical evaluation, while dental anxiety and halitosis were self-reported. Direct and indirect effects of clinical and self-perceived oral conditions on OHRQoL were assessed using structural equation modelling. RESULTS Five-hundred and thirty-nine individuals participated in this study. Dental caries (β = 0.12) and periodontitis (β = 0.11) were directly and indirectly (via halitosis, β = 0.05 for periodontitis only) associated with greater OHIP-14 scores, while the other clinical conditions did not influence the OHIP-14 scores. Dental anxiety and halitosis were also associated with higher OHIP-14 scores (β = 0.31 and β = 0.27, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study found a positive association between clinically diagnosed and self-reported oral conditions and OHRQoL; however, the self-reported conditions had a higher impact on OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marília L Goettems
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luisa Schertel Cassiano
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Machado V, Botelho J, Viana J, Pereira P, Lopes LB, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041194. [PMID: 33916342 PMCID: PMC8066166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212-946-800
| | - João Viana
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Paula Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Sintra Delgado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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Bédard A, Li Z, Ait-hadad W, Camargo CA, Leynaert B, Pison C, Dumas O, Varraso R. The Role of Nutritional Factors in Asthma: Challenges and Opportunities for Epidemiological Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063013. [PMID: 33804200 PMCID: PMC7999662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has nearly doubled over the last decades. Twentieth century changes in environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in dietary habits, physical activity and the obesity epidemic, have been suggested to play a role in the increase of asthma prevalence and uncontrolled asthma worldwide. A large body of evidence has suggested that obesity is a likely risk factor for asthma, but mechanisms are still unclear. Regarding diet and physical activity, the literature remains inconclusive. Although the investigation of nutritional factors as a whole (i.e., the “diet, physical activity and body composition” triad) is highly relevant in terms of understanding underlying mechanisms, as well as designing effective public health interventions, their combined effects across the life course has not received a lot of attention. In this review, we discuss the state of the art regarding the role of nutritional factors in asthma, for each window of exposure. We focus on the methodological and conceptual challenges encountered in the investigation of the complex time-dependent interrelations between nutritional factors and asthma and its control, and their interaction with other determinants of asthma. Lastly, we provide guidance on how to address these challenges, as well as suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Bédard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France; (W.A.-h.); (B.L.); (O.D.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhen Li
- Clinical Research Centre, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Wassila Ait-hadad
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France; (W.A.-h.); (B.L.); (O.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France; (W.A.-h.); (B.L.); (O.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Christophe Pison
- Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Inserm 1055, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Grenoble, France;
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France; (W.A.-h.); (B.L.); (O.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Raphaëlle Varraso
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d’Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France; (W.A.-h.); (B.L.); (O.D.); (R.V.)
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00500-20. [PMID: 33020212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Mice were gavaged with P. gingivalis alone or in combination with A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the addition of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. This decreased bone loss was associated with a proresolutive phenotype (M2) of macrophages isolated from submandibular lymph nodes as observed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the RNA and protein levels was significantly increased in the gingival tissues of the mice and in macrophages exposed to A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100, confirming their anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates the putative therapeutic interest of the administration of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 in the management of periodontitis through their anti-inflammatory properties.
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20
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Khan S, Bettiol S, Kent K, Peres MA, Barnett T, Crocombe LA, Mittinty M. Association between obesity and periodontitis in Australian adults: A single mediation analysis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:514-523. [PMID: 32905622 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and periodontitis are conditions with high burden and cost. This study aims to unfold the proposed pathways through which the effect of obesity in the presence of health behaviors (dental visiting behavior and diabetes) increases the risk of periodontitis? METHODS The effect decomposition analysis using potential outcome approach was used to determine obesity-related periodontitis risk using the Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004 to 2006. A single mediation analysis for exposure, "physical-inactivity induced obesity," mediator "dental visiting behavior (a de facto measure of healthy behaviors)," outcome "periodontitis," and confounders "age, sex, household income, level of education, self-reported diabetes, alcohol-intake and smoking," was constructed for subset of 3,715 participants, aged ≥30 years. Proposed pathways were set independently for each risk factor and in synergy. The STATA 15 Paramed library was used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect unmeasured confounding using non-parametric approach. RESULTS The average treatment effect of physical inactivity induced obesity to periodontitis is 14%. Pathway effect analysis using potential outcomes illustrated that the effect of obesity on periodontitis that was not mediated through poor dental visiting behavior was 10%. Indirect effect of obesity-mediated through poor dental visiting behavior on periodontitis was 3%. CONCLUSIONS The direct effect of physical inactivity induced obesity on periodontitis was higher than the indirect effect of obesity on periodontitis through dental visiting behavior. Establishing a pathway of causal relationship for obesity and periodontitis could help in developing management strategies that focuses on mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrukh Khan
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Katherine Kent
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Marco A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Barnett
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leonard A Crocombe
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Murthy Mittinty
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Kothari SF, Nascimento GG, Jakobsen MB, Nielsen JF, Kothari M. Oral health: something to worry about in individuals with acquired brain injury? Brain Inj 2020; 34:1264-1269. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1795720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simple F. Kothari
- Research Unit, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mille B. Jakobsen
- Research Unit, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. Nielsen
- Research Unit, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Research Unit, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
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22
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Peres KG, Thomson WM, Chaffee BW, Peres MA, Birungi N, Do LG, Feldens CA, Fontana M, Marshall TA, Pitiphat W, Seow WK, Wagner Y, Wong HM, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1321-1331. [PMID: 32680439 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520942208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohorts are those among observational studies that provide understanding of the natural history and causality of diseases since early in life. Discussions during an International Association for Dental Research symposium in London, United Kingdom, in 2018, followed by a workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2019, concluded that there are few birth cohort studies that consider oral health and that a broader discussion on similarities and differences among those studies would be valuable. This article aims to 1) bring together available long-term data of oral health birth cohort studies from the low, middle, and high-income countries worldwide and 2) describe similarities and differences among these studies. This work comprises 15 studies from all 5 continents. The most studied dental conditions and exposures are identified; findings are summarized; and methodological differences and similarities among studies are presented. Methodological strengths and weaknesses are also highlighted. Findings are summarized in 1) the negative impact of detrimental socioeconomic status on oral health changes over time, 2) the role of unfavorable patterns of dental visiting on oral health, 3) associations between general and oral health, 4) nutritional and dietary effects on oral health, and 5) intergenerational influences on oral health. Dental caries and dental visiting patterns have been recorded in all studies. Sources of fluoride exposure have been documented in most of the more recent studies. Despite some methodological differences in the way that the exposures and outcomes were measured, some findings are consistent. Predictive models have been used with caries risk tools, periodontitis occurrence, and permanent dentition orthodontic treatment need. The next steps of the group's work are as follows: 1) establishing a consortium of oral health birth cohort studies, 2) conducting a scoping review, 3) exploring opportunities for pooled data analyses to answer pressing research questions, and 4) promoting and enabling the development of the next generation of oral health researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - N Birungi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C A Feldens
- Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Pitiphat
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, and Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - W K Seow
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Y Wagner
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - H M Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Long-Range Pathogen: Systemic Impact and Therapeutic Implications. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060869. [PMID: 32526864 PMCID: PMC7357039 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiosis of the oral flora characterized by a chronic sustained inflammation leading to destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Over the last decade, an association between periodontitis and systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity has been demonstrated. The role of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), in the onset or exacerbation of systemic diseases has been proposed. P. gingivalis expresses several virulence factors that promote its survival, spreading, and sustaining systemic inflammation. Recently, the impact of periodontitis on gut dysbiosis has also been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying the systemic influence of periodontitis. New therapeutic strategies for periodontitis and other dysbiotic conditions, including the use of beneficial microbes to restore healthy microbial flora, may pave the way to improved therapeutic outcomes and more thorough patient management.
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24
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Peralta FDS, Cortelli SC, Rovai ES, Aquino DR, Miranda TB, Costa FO, Cortelli JR. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of non-surgical periodontal therapy in obese and non-obese individuals with periodontitis: a 9-month prospective longitudinal study. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190694. [PMID: 32428060 PMCID: PMC7213783 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a chronic disease that negatively affects an individual's general and oral health. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy with the full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol on obese and non-obese individuals at 9 months post-therapy. Methodology This clinical study was first submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee. Fifty-five obese patients and 39 non-obese patients with periodontitis were evaluated. The full-mouth periodontal clinical parameters, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months after periodontal treatment with full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol. The mean count of Tannerella forsythia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema Denticola , and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on subgingival biofilm samples. Demographic data were assessed by Chi-square test. For clinical and microbiological parameters, two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used. Results In both groups, periodontal therapy using the one-stage full-mouth disinfection protocol significantly improved CAL, PD, GI, and PI (p<0.05). Obese and non-obese patients equally responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy (p>0.05). Microbial count found no major differences (p>0.05) between obese and non-obese individuals who had undergone non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions Obesity did not affect the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuel Silva Rovai
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Davi Romeiro Aquino
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Taís Browne Miranda
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Periodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minhas Gerais, Brasil
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25
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Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Peres KG, Demarco FF, Horta BL, Peres MA. Collider bias in the association of periodontitis and carotid intima‐media thickness. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:264-270. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio R. M. Leite
- Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Karen G. Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport QLD Australia
| | - Flávio F. Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Bernardo L. Horta
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Marco A. Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport QLD Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport QLD Australia
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26
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Silva MF, Nascimento GG, Leite FR, Horta BL, Demarco FF. Periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Oral Dis 2020; 26:843-846. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela F. Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Fábio R.M. Leite
- Section of Periodontology Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Bernardo L. Horta
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Flávio F. Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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27
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Hypothetical Interventions on Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031021. [PMID: 32041194 PMCID: PMC7036763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of psychosocial and dietary interventions on risk of cognitive impairment is not known. The aim of this study was to estimate the 10-year risks of cognitive impairment under hypothetical interventions of psychosocial factors and dietary intake among Chinese older adults. A sample of 7377 respondents aged 65 and over was drawn from the last four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2011/2012. The parametric g-formula was used to estimate the risk of cognitive impairment under independent hypothetical interventions of social engagement, psychological well-being (PWB), dietary intake, and the joint interventions of their different combination. The observed risk of cognitive impairment was 20.08% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.81, 21.07). The risk ratios (RR) of cognitive impairment under the hypothetical interventions on higher social engagement, eating fruits at least sometimes, eating vegetables at least sometimes, positive PWB were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.82), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.95), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), respectively. The RR of joint intervention was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.73). Hypothetical interventions on psychosocial factors such as social engagement and PWB, as well as fruits and vegetable intake, were beneficial to protect older adults from cognitive impairment.
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28
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Mittinty MN, Lynch JW, Forbes AB, Gurrin LC. Effect decomposition through multiple causally nonordered mediators in the presence of exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounding. Stat Med 2019; 38:5085-5102. [PMID: 31475385 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Avin et al (2005) showed that, in the presence of exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounding, decomposing the total causal effect (TCE) using standard conditional exchangeability assumptions is not possible even under a nonparametric structural equation model with all confounders observed. Subsequent research has investigated the assumptions required for such a decomposition to be identifiable and estimable from observed data. One approach was proposed by VanderWeele et al (2014). They decomposed the TCE under three different scenarios: (1) treating the mediator and the exposure-induced confounder as joint mediators; (2) generating path-specific effects albeit without distinguishing between multiple distinct paths through the exposure-induced confounder; and (3) using so-called randomised interventional analogues where sampling values from the distribution of the mediator within the levels of the exposure effectively marginalises over the exposure-induced confounder. In this paper, we extend their approach to the case where there are multiple mediators that do not influence each other directly but which are all influenced by an exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounder. We provide a motivating example and results from a simulation study based on from our work in dental epidemiology featuring the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murthy N Mittinty
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John W Lynch
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew B Forbes
- School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyle C Gurrin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Conner SC, Lodi S, Lunetta KL, Casas JP, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Anderson CD, Huang Q, Coleman J, White WB, Benjamin EJ, Trinquart L. Refining the Association Between Body Mass Index and Atrial Fibrillation: G-Formula and Restricted Mean Survival Times. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013011. [PMID: 31390924 PMCID: PMC6759878 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) did not account for time‐varying covariates, which may be affected by previous BMI. We illustrate how the g‐formula can account for time‐varying confounding. Methods and Results We included 4392 participants from the Framingham Heart Study who were AF free at ages 45 to 55 years, and followed them for up to 20 years. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) comparing time‐varying nonobese versus obese with Cox models. We used the g‐formula to compare nonobese versus obese and 10% annual decrease in BMI (until normal weight is reached) versus natural course. We estimated HRs and differences in restricted mean survival times, the mean difference in time alive and AF free. We adjusted for sex, age, and time‐varying risk factors. Cox models indicated that nonobese participants had a decreased rate of AF versus obese participants (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97). G‐formula analyses comparing everyone had they been nonobese versus obese yielded stronger associations (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58–0.91). The restricted mean survival time was 19.22 years had everyone been nonobese and 19.03 years had everyone been obese (difference, 2.25 months; 95% CI, −0.66 to 5.16). When assessing a 10% annual decrease in BMI, the association was weaker (HR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86–1.08). Conclusions Decreased BMI was associated with a lower rate of AF after accounting for time‐varying covariates that depend on previous exposure using the g‐formula, which Cox models cannot accommodate. Absolute measures like the restricted mean survival time difference offer context to relative measures of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Conner
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
| | - Sara Lodi
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
| | - Juan P Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System Boston MA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Qiuxi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | | | | | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA.,Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Evans Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
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30
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Souto-Maior JR, Pellizzer EP, de Luna Gomes JM, Dds CAAL, Dds JFSJ, Vasconcelos BCDE, de Moraes SLD. Influence of Diabetes on the Survival Rate and Marginal Bone Loss of Dental Implants: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2019; 45:334-340. [PMID: 31042455 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to conduct an analysis of the systematic reviews (SRs) in literature about the implant survival rate (ISR) and marginal bone loss (MBL) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. This work was registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018095314) and was developed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Library Handbook. A search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and LILACS. The PICO (problem/patient/population, intervention/indicator, comparison, outcome) question was "Do the survival rates of dental implants and marginal bone loss differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients?" A total of 130 articles were retrieved. After eliminating repetitions, 118 were reviewed. Finally, 6 SRs were included. All the reviews indicated that there is no effect of diabetes on the ISR; however, a negative effect of the disease can be observed in MBL. Analysis of the quality of the studies was performed using the assessment of SRs in dentistry (Glenny Scale) and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Glenny Scale showed a moderate to high quality of the included studies. In contrast, AMSTAR 2 pointed out a critically low level for 4 studies, with no study fulfilling the criteria for high quality. It may be concluded that there is no effect of diabetes on the ISR; however, a negative effect of the disease can be observed on MBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Raposo Souto-Maior
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pernambuco University (UPE), Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Aberrant Periodontal and Systemic Immune Response of Overweight Rodents to Periodontal Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9042542. [PMID: 30719451 PMCID: PMC6335672 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9042542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore periodontal and systemic immune response of overweight hosts to periodontitis. Forty C57 BL/6J male mice were divided into high (HF) or low fat (LF) diet groups and fed with the two diets, respectively, for 8 weeks. Each diet group was then divided into periodontitis (P) or control (C) groups (n = 10 per group) for 10-day ligation or sham-ligation. Overweight-related parameters including body weight were measured. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was morphometrically analyzed and periodontal osteoclasts were stained. Periodontal immune response including leukocyte and macrophage number and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by histology and quantitative PCR. Serum cytokine and lipid levels were quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and biochemistry. It was found that HF group had 14.4% body weight gain compared with LF group (P < 0.01). ABL and periodontal osteoclast, leukocyte, and macrophage number were higher in P group than C group regardless of diet (P < 0.05). ABL and periodontal osteoclast number were not affected by diet regardless of ligation or sham-ligation. Leukocyte and macrophage number and protein level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in periodontium and serum interleukin-6 level were downregulated by HF diet in periodontitis mice (P < 0.05). Periodontal protein level of TNF-α was highly correlated with serum interleukin-6 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that impaired immune response occurs both periodontally and systemically in preobesity overweight individuals. Given a well-reported exacerbating effect of obesity on periodontitis, overweight, if let uncontrolled, might place the individuals at potential risk for future periodontal tissue damage.
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32
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Peres KG, Demarco FF, Corrêa MB, Peres MA. Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: A structural equation modeling approach. J Periodontol 2018; 90:655-662. [PMID: 30447085 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis among young adults, and also to compare results using observed and latent variables for MetS and periodontitis. METHODS Data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, were used. Metabolic syndrome at the age of 23 years was measured using clinical and biochemical analysis and set as the main exposure. Periodontitis at the age of 31 years was clinically measured and set as the outcome. Confounding variables included sex and maternal education, assessed at birth, family income at 23 years, and smoking status at the age of 23 and 30 years. Factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) were performed to define latent variables for MetS and periodontitis. In addition, both conditions were also defined as categorical observed variables. The association between MetS and periodontitis was tested in structural equation models. RESULTS Two latent periodontal variables were identified: "initial" and "advanced" periodontitis, while one latent variable was identified for MetS. Metabolic syndrome is positively associated with "advanced" (coefficient 0.11; P value < 0.01), but not with "initial" (coefficient -0.01; P value = 0.79) periodontitis. When MetS and periodontitis were set as observed variables in the structural equation models, no association was found irrespective of the criteria used for periodontitis classification. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive association between metabolic syndrome and "advanced" periodontitis, when the multiple dimensions of both diseases were accounted in latent variables. Nevertheless, when MetS and periodontitis were treated as observed variables, no association was detected irrespective of the criteria used for periodontitis classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen G Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Peres
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Vestergaard P, Scheutz F, López R. Does diabetes increase the risk of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of longitudinal prospective studies. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:653-667. [PMID: 29502214 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Even though the association between diabetes and periodontitis is taken for granted, results on this association are conflicting within the literature. This systematic review assessed whether poorly controlled diabetes was associated with periodontitis onset or progression. METHODS Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases. Hand search was carried out in the reference list of all articles included. Gray literature was investigated with a Google Scholar search. Prospective longitudinal studies on the association between diabetes and periodontitis were considered for this review. Studies should have presented at least two measurements of periodontal conditions over time. Data on study design, crude and adjusted estimates were collected. We used meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effect of hyperglycemia in people with diabetes on periodontitis onset or progression. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Thirteen studies matched the inclusion criteria, comprising 49,262 individuals, including 3197 diagnosed with diabetes. Meta-analyses of adjusted estimates showed that diabetes increased the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis by 86% (RR 1.86 [95% CI 1.3-2.8]). However, there is scarce information on the association between diabetes and periodontal destruction. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that diabetes is associated with increased risk of periodontitis onset and progression in adults. Upcoming prospective longitudinal studies ought to overcome methodological caveats identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Scheutz
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo López
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:831-841. [PMID: 29656920 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The study systematically reviewed articles on the association between tobacco smoking and periodontitis, as it has been hypothesized that smoking affects the course of periodontitis through impairment of immunological and vascular mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Searches of articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were performed up to and including May 2017. Search strategy included MeSH and free terms: periodontitis, periodontal diseases, smoking, tobacco use, tobacco, tobacco products, cigarette, pipe, and cigar. Only original prospective longitudinal studies that investigated the association between smoking and periodontitis incidence or progression were included. Results were shown as combined risk ratio. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Analyses were conducted in August 2017. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Twenty-eight studies were included in the review; of these, only 14 presented data that could be included in the meta-analysis. Pooled adjusted risk ratios estimate that smoking increases the risk of periodontitis by 85% (risk ratio=1.85, 95% CI=1.5, 2.2). Meta-regression demonstrated that age explained 54.2% of the variability between studies, time of follow-up explained 13.5%, loss to follow-up 10.7%, criteria used to assess the periodontal status explained 2.1%, and severity of periodontitis explained 16.9%. CONCLUSIONS Smoking has a detrimental effect on the incidence and progression of periodontitis. Tobacco smoking, therefore, is important information that should be assessed along with other risk factors for periodontitis.
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Alrabiah M, Al-Aali KA, Al-Sowygh ZH, Binmahfooz AM, Mokeem SA, Abduljabbar T. Association of advanced glycation end products with peri-implant inflammation in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:535-540. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad H. Al-Sowygh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Binmahfooz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer A Mokeem
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science; College of Dentistry and Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Pan Y, Zhao D, Yu N, An T, Miao J, Mo F, Gu Y, Zhang D, Gao S, Jiang G. Curcumin improves glycolipid metabolism through regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ signalling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170917. [PMID: 29291086 PMCID: PMC5717660 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is an active component derived from Curcuma longa L. which is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treating metabolic diseases through regulating different molecular pathways. Here, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of curcumin on glycolipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro and then determine the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6 J obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used for in vivo and in vitro study, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with curcumin for eight weeks decreased body weight, fat mass and serum lipid profiles. Meanwhile, it lowered fasting blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In addition, curcumin stimulated lipolysis and improved glycolipid metabolism through upregulating the expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ/α (PPARγ/α) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα) in adipose tissue of the mice. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, curcumin reduced glycerol release and increased glucose uptake via upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα. We concluded that curcumin has the potential to improve glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by obesity through regulating PPARγ signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Miao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Gu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Sihua Gao e-mail:
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Guangjian Jiang e-mail:
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Scheutz F, López R. Periodontitis: from Infection to Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-017-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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