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Nishijima C, Harada K, Katayama O, Kurita S, Morikawa M, Yamaguchi R, Fujii K, Misu Y, Kakita D, Shimada H. Association between perceived value of adopting new behaviors and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Prev Med 2024; 183:107976. [PMID: 38688347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived value (PV) to adopt new behaviors and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD Participants were 5073 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan (Mage = 74.0 ± 5.6 years; female = 55.1%). The mean follow-up time was 34.5 months. Baseline data were collected during health checkups in a prospective cohort study. Measurements included engagement in physical activity (PA), cognitive activity (CA), and social activity (SA), PV, health and physical conditions, and demographic characteristics. PV was assessed by asking whether participants thought it was valuable to adopt new behaviors related to PA, CA, and SA. Participants were classified as having higher/lower PV, PA, CA, and SA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the association between PV and incident disability. PV was examined both as an independent variable and in combination as follows: higher PV and higher PA/CA/SA (high/high); lower PV and higher PA/CA/SA (low/high); higher PV and lower PA/CA/SA (high/low); and lower PV and lower PA/CA/SA (low/low). RESULTS Higher PV was significantly associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) for incident disability. The low/high, high/low, and low/low significantly increased the HR compared to high/high in the analyses of PV & PA and CA. The analysis of PV & SA showed that only low/low increased the HR compared to high/high. CONCLUSION Having both higher PV and higher activity engagement may contribute to preventing disability development. Both support for activities and value education in older adults may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishijima
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenji Harada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurita
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kakita
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Guimond AJ, Ke S, Tworoger SS, Huang T, Chan AT, Kubzansky LD, Liu YY. Fulfilled Mind, Healthy Gut? Relationships of Eudaimonic Psychological Well-Being With the Gut Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:398-409. [PMID: 38345311 PMCID: PMC11142870 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eudaimonic facets of psychological well-being (PWB), like purpose in life and sense of mastery, are associated with healthy aging. Variation in the gut microbiome may be one pathway by which mental health influences age-related health outcomes. However, associations between eudaimonic PWB and the gut microbiome are understudied. We examined whether purpose in life and sense of mastery, separately, were associated with features of the gut microbiome in older women. METHODS Participants were from the Mind-Body Study ( N = 206, mean age = 61 years), a substudy of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. In 2013, participants completed the Life Engagement Test and the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Three months later, up to two pairs of stool samples were collected, 6 months apart. Covariates included sociodemographics, depression, health status, and health behaviors. Analyses examined associations of PWB with gut microbiome taxonomic diversity, overall community structure, and specific species/pathways. To account for multiple testing, statistical significance was established using Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p values (i.e., q values ≤0.25). RESULTS We found no evidence of an association between PWB and gut microbiome alpha diversity. In multivariate analysis, higher purpose levels were significantly associated with lower abundance of species previously linked with poorer health outcomes, notably Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Eubacterium ventriosum ( q values ≤0.25). No significant associations were found between PWB and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer early evidence suggesting that eudaimonic PWB is linked with variation in the gut microbiome, and this might be one pathway by which PWB promotes healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Josee Guimond
- From the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Guimond, Kubzansky), and Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness (Guimond, Kubzansky), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (Ke, Huang, Liu), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cancer Epidemiology (Tworoger), Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Chan), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (Liu), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
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Fusi G, Giannì J, Borsa VM, Colautti L, Crepaldi M, Palmiero M, Garau F, Bonfiglio SN, Cao Y, Antonietti A, Penna MP, Rozzini L, Rusconi ML. Can Creativity and Cognitive Reserve Predict Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults? The Role of Divergent Thinking in Healthy Aging. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:303. [PMID: 38338188 PMCID: PMC10855052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of psychological well-being (PWB) in the older adult population is a pivotal goal for our rapidly aging society. PWB is a multicomponent construct that can be influenced by several factors in the lifespan. The beneficial role of divergent thinking (DT) and cognitive reserve (CR) in sustaining older subjects' PWB has been scarcely investigated so far. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between DT, CR, and PWB in a sample of 121 healthy older adults (61 females; M age: 73.39 ± 6.66 years; M education: 11.33 ± 4.81 years). The results highlight that better DT performance predicts higher CR, which mediates an indirect positive effect of DT on emotional competence, one of the PWB factors. It follows that DT and CR can be considered protective factors in aging, and their effects go beyond cognitive functioning, revealing a positive effect even on some PWB components. The practical implications regarding targeted health interventions for prevention in the older adult population to support well-being and promote healthy aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fusi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (J.G.); (V.M.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Jessica Giannì
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (J.G.); (V.M.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Virginia Maria Borsa
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (J.G.); (V.M.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Laura Colautti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Maura Crepaldi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (J.G.); (V.M.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.R.)
| | | | - Francesca Garau
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.G.); (S.N.B.); (Y.C.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Salvatore Natale Bonfiglio
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.G.); (S.N.B.); (Y.C.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Ylenia Cao
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.G.); (S.N.B.); (Y.C.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Antonietti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.G.); (S.N.B.); (Y.C.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Luca Rozzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25136 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Rusconi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (J.G.); (V.M.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.R.)
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Chen ZJ, Tang FP, Chang SY, Chung HL, Tsai WH, Chou SS, Yeh HC, Tung HH. Resilience-happiness nexus in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: Results from Gan-Dau Healthy Longevity Plan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105162. [PMID: 37598465 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The core of healthy aging is intrinsic capacity (IC) that consists of major elements, i.e., cognition, locomotion, vitality, sensory capacity, and psychological aspect. This cross-sectional study analyzes data of the Gan-Dau Healthy Longevity Plan, targeting community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or older. The participants completed the assessment, in addition to WHO IC, including the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) for cognitive performance, 6 m walking speed (m/s),timed up-and-go test (s) and hand grip strength (Kg) for locomotor assessment, Cardiovascular health study (CHS) for frailty assessment, Mini Nutrition assessment short form (MNA-SF) for nutrition. Psychological aspect including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, the Geriatric Depression Scale-5 (GDS-5) for depressive symptoms, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) for resilience, and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI) for happiness levels. The study enrolled 810 participants (mean age of 68.45 ± 8.05 years, 32% male) and revealed that 94.7% of participants exhibited impairments in IC, with visual capacity and cognition being the most common deficit items of IC. Resilience levels varied, with 37.4% of men and 33.5% of women exhibiting moderate to low resilience. Only 23.4% of male participants and 21.1% female participants reported a high level of happiness. Resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between intrinsic capacity and happiness, with approximately 6.6% of the variance in happiness being mediated by resilience. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the connections between psychological aspect, IC, and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Chen
- Global Research & Industry Alliance, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou Dist., Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fong-Ping Tang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Yu Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chung
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Huey Tsai
- Center for Administration and Management, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Shang Chou
- Vice Superintendent Office, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Chien Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Hsin Tung
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou Dist., Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rodrigues CE, Grandt CL, Alwafa RA, Badrasawi M, Aleksandrova K. Determinants and indicators of successful aging as a multidimensional outcome: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258280. [PMID: 38074742 PMCID: PMC10703300 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Successful aging (SA) has been coined as a term to describe the multidimensional aspects associated with achieving optimal combination of physical and mental health along with social well-being health, mental and social well-being at older age. In recent years there has been an increased interest in understanding the role of determinants of SA, such as demographic, biological, behavioral, psychological and social factors. To synthesize the recent evidence, we conducted a systematic review of longitudinal studies on a range of determinants and indicators of SA defined as a multidimensional outcome. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science for finding eligible papers published between August 2016 and June 2023 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration number: CRD42021250200). The web-based automated screening tool-Rayyan-was used for title and abstract screening. The study quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results A total of 3,191 records were initially identified using the predefined search strategy. Out of 289 articles selected for full text screening, 22 were found eligible and included in the review. A variety of factors have been explored in relation to SA, ranging from socio-demographic factors, nutrition, lifestyle, biological pathways, psychological health, and well-being. Overall, the results of recent studies have confirmed the role of metabolic health, adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, non-smoking, and higher socio-economic status as main factors associated with higher odds for SA. Emerging research highlights the role of psycho-social factors and early life health as determinants of SA. Conclusion In summary, this review highlights the importance of healthy living and monitoring metabolic risk along with sustaining psychological well-being in adult life as major determinants of SA. Further methodological and research work on SA would pave the way toward development of adequate health promotion policies in aging societies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021250200, CRD42021250200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caine Lucas Grandt
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Reem Abu Alwafa
- Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Sánchez-Alcalá M, Aibar-Almazán A, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Achalandabaso-Ochoa A, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F. The Impact of Rhythmic Physical Activity on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7084. [PMID: 38002696 PMCID: PMC10672098 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nowadays, it is essential to implement new non-pharmacological strategies, such as rhythmic physical activity, to improve mental health and quality of life in both individuals experiencing normal brain aging and those with cognitive impairment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the effects of rhythmic physical activity interventions on mental health and quality of life in older adults, with or without mild cognitive impairment; (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis, searching the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Plus databases using specific keywords. We selected studies that included rhythmic physical activity as the primary intervention for patients aged 65 and above, with or without cognitive impairment. We assessed the methodological quality of the articles using the PEDro scale; (3) Results: Out of 961 identified studies, we included 11 in this review, all of which employed rhythmic physical activity as an intervention. The selected studies consistently measured depression, anxiety, and quality of life; (4) Conclusions: This review demonstrates that rhythmic physical activity can effectively improve depression, anxiety, and quality of life in older adults, whether or not they have mild cognitive impairment. However, it is worth noting that while we have identified beneficial outcomes, the evidence supporting the use of rhythmic physical activity in enhancing depression, anxiety, and quality of life in older adults with or without mild cognitive impairment remains somewhat limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Sánchez-Alcalá
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain (A.A.-O.); (Y.C.-C.)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain (A.A.-O.); (Y.C.-C.)
| | | | - María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain (A.A.-O.); (Y.C.-C.)
| | - Yolanda Castellote-Caballero
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain (A.A.-O.); (Y.C.-C.)
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain (A.A.-O.); (Y.C.-C.)
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Liu C, Luo Q, Luo D, Zhou Y, Feng X, Wang Z, Xiao J, Bi Q, Smith GD. Quality of life profiles and its association with predictors amongst Chinese older adults in nursing homes: a latent profile analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:740. [PMID: 37964191 PMCID: PMC10644486 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently developments in the field of positive psychology have provided new perspectives for understanding the connection between individual variation in Quality of life (QoL) and positive aspects of human potential, strengths, and resources, commanding increasing attention. This study aimed to examine self-reported quality of life (QoL) profiles and the association of QoL profiles with positive psychosocial characteristics in Chinese older adults. METHODS A convenient sample of 354 older adults in nursing homes was recruited from Guangdong Province, China, between November 2020 and January 2021. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to explore QoL profiles using the four WHOQOL-BREF domains as input variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to explore the association between latent profiles and predictors. RESULTS LPA identified three latent QoL profiles: "low QoL with poor psychological health" (18.1%), "moderate QoL" (46.0%) and "high QoL" (35.9%). Frequency of weekly activity, optimism, gratitude, and social support were associated with the increased likelihood of belonging to the moderate-to-high QoL classes. Furthermore, Class 2 (moderate QoL group, reference) was compared with Class3 (high QoL group), higher frequency of weekly physical activity and spending more time on physical activity exhibited higher odds of belonging to high QoL class. CONCLUSION Using the domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale, the QoL profiles Chinese older adults can be identified. We found that psychosocial variables and demographic characteristic, including lower level of optimism and gratitude, lack of social support, low frequency of physical activity, and shorter activity duration time, heighten the risk for lower levels of QoL. Identifying classification may help focus on those at elevated risk for poor QoL and for developing tailored QoL improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- School of Medicine, Jinggang Shan University, Jian, Jiangxi, 343009, China
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Dongyi Luo
- School of Heath Industry, Guangdong Open University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528499, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Xue Feng
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jiajian Xiao
- Finance Division of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Qiulin Bi
- Guangzhou Songhe Nursing Home, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510250, China
| | - Graeme Drummond Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zadworna M. Effects of Wisdom on Mental Health in Old Age: Exploring the Pathways Through Developmental Tasks Attainment and Self-Rated Health. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4541-4554. [PMID: 37942442 PMCID: PMC10629457 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s429918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A number of studies indicate a relationship between wisdom and mental health in older adults, which can be explained by different pathways. However, the role of developmental task accomplishment, and of self-rated health in the relationships between wisdom and mental health in later life remain unclear. The aim of the current study is to explore the structure of the relationships between wisdom, developmental task attainment, self-rated health, and positive and negative mental health outcomes (viz. wellbeing and depressive symptoms) in older adults. Methods The study included 381 Polish older adults aged 60-86 (M= 67.33; SD = 5.08). The respondents completed the Personal Wellbeing Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, Developmental Tasks Attainment Questionnaire for Seniors, self-rated health scale and sociodemographic survey. Results Three-dimensional wisdom, developmental task attainment and self-rated health scores were positive predictors of personal wellbeing and negative predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. Structural equation modelling revealed that developmental tasks attainment and self-rated health partially mediated the relations between wisdom and mental health in older adults. Conclusion It can be assumed that wise older adults implement developmental tasks more efficiently and assess their subjective health more favorably, which may strengthen their personal wellbeing and prevent depression. The findings suggest that wisdom plays an important role in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zadworna
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Chen LK. Age, happiness, and health: Exploring the synergy of positive emotions in healthy aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 114:105167. [PMID: 37657407 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sametoğlu S, Pelt DHM, Eichstaedt JC, Ungar LH, Bartels M. Comparison of wellbeing structures based on survey responses and social media language: A network analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1555-1582. [PMID: 37161901 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wellbeing is predominantly measured through surveys but is increasingly measured by analysing individuals' language on social media platforms using social media text mining (SMTM). To investigate whether the structure of wellbeing is similar across both data collection methods, we compared networks derived from survey items and social media language features collected from the same participants. The dataset was split into an independent exploration (n = 1169) and a final subset (n = 1000). After estimating exploration networks, redundant survey items and language topics were eliminated. Final networks were then estimated using exploratory graph analysis (EGA). The networks of survey items and those from language topics were similar, both consisting of five wellbeing dimensions. The dimensions in the survey- and SMTM-based assessment of wellbeing showed convergent structures congruent with theories of wellbeing. Specific dimensions found in each network reflected the unique aspects of each type of data (survey and social media language). Networks derived from both language features and survey items show similar structures. Survey and SMTM methods may provide complementary methods to understand differences in human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Sametoğlu
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H M Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Eichstaedt
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lyle H Ungar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nagai T, Bates NA, Rigamonti L, Hollman JH, Laskowski ER, Schilaty ND. Effects of neuromuscular and proprioceptive training on self-reported wellness and health scores and knee sensorimotor characteristics in active seniors. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:370-379. [PMID: 37949586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Athletes regularly engage in comprehensive neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (NPT) to prevent musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. NPT exercises such as movement technique, agility, balance, and posture as well as yoga-based stretching and slow/deep breathing have shown added benefits in psychological and other well-being. This study aimed to examine the effects of NPT on knee sensorimotor characteristics and multi-domain wellness and health scores in active seniors. METHODS Twenty seniors participated in the NPT intervention (15-20min session twice a week for 10 weeks) while the control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed surveys (general health, frailty, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, optimism, and sleep quality) and laboratory testing before and after intervention. Laboratory testing included frailty tests (grip strength, 4-m walk speed, and calcaneal ultrasound-based bone density) and knee sensorimotor characteristics (peak force, visual-motor reaction time, and force steadiness). RESULTS There was significant increase in general mental health (Short Form 36 Mental Health; p = 0.005) and decrease in stress (Perceived Stress Scale; p = 0.010) and sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; p = 0.019) post-intervention while no significant changes were observed in the control group (p = 0.310-0.654). Peak knee forces in all directions and some visual-motor reaction time and force steadiness were significantly improved post-intervention only in the experimental group (p = 0.001-0.038). CONCLUSION A simple, yet, comprehensive NPT has potential to improve MSK health as well as various domains of well-being among active seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- United States Army Research Institute and Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Bates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - John H Hollman
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edward R Laskowski
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathan D Schilaty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; University of South Florida Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Rena M, Fancourt D, Bu F, Paul E, Sonke JK, Bone JK. Receptive and participatory arts engagement and subsequent healthy aging: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116198. [PMID: 37672847 PMCID: PMC11157693 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Arts engagement is associated with prolonged longevity, but it remains unclear whether it is also associated with increases in the portion of people's lives for which they remain healthy. We investigated whether receptive and participatory arts engagement were associated with healthy aging two and four years later. METHOD We included 1269 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal study of individuals aged 50 and above in the United States. Participants who completed the HRS 2014 Culture and the Arts Module and who were alive in 2016 and 2018 were eligible. We measured the number of participatory arts activities engaged in (e.g., crafts, dancing) and frequency of receptive arts engagement (e.g., going to a gallery or performance) in the past year. Healthy aging was a binary outcome, conceptualized as no major chronic diseases, no cognitive impairment, good physical functioning, and good mental health. RESULTS In logistic regression models, doing receptive arts once a month or more was associated with higher odds of healthy aging four years later compared to never engaging (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.96). However, this evidence was attenuated after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic covariates (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.84, 2.46). The number of participatory arts activities engaged in was not associated with healthy aging two or four years later. In sensitivity analyses, there was some evidence that receptive engagement was associated specifically with higher odds of good physical functioning four years later. CONCLUSIONS The lack of consistent associations between receptive and participatory arts engagement and healthy aging was unexpected given previous evidence for links between arts engagement and each of the four domains of healthy aging. Our findings highlight key methodological issues that should be explored in further research with larger nationally representative samples, longer follow-ups, and more detailed measures of arts engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Rena
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Feifei Bu
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elise Paul
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill K Sonke
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica K Bone
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
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13
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Posis AIB, Yarish NM, Ryu RH, Tindle HA, Michael YL, Wactawski-Wende J, Bellettiere J. Psychometric Analysis of the Modified Differential Emotions Scale and the Six-Item Life Orientation Test-Revised in a Cohort of Older Women from the Women's Health Initiative. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:992-1005. [PMID: 37449819 PMCID: PMC10510696 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive affect and emotional resources, such as optimism, may play a major role in women's health and promote healthy well-being later in life. However, positive affect and optimism measures have not been psychometrically assessed in older women, despite relations to health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to psychometrically assess measures of positive affect and optimism and test their association with other measures of well-being. Methods: In a Women's Health Initiative subcohort of 58,810 women (mean age [standard deviation] 79.0 [6.1]; 89% White), positive affect and optimism were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Performance was assessed using item response theory. Factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of the LOT-R. Convergent and divergent validity with other well-being measures was tested. Results: Results suggest good reliability (mDES: Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and omega total = 0.92; LOT-R: Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, omega hierarchical = 0.61, and omega total = 0.83). Item response analyses indicate mDES's ability to discriminate across positive affect; LOT-R was skewed toward lower optimism levels. Exploratory factor analyses suggest a two-factor solution for the LOT-R. Significant, but small correlations in expected directions to well-being measures confirmed validity hypotheses. Conclusions: The mDES and LOT-R measured positive affect and optimism with good reliability, item performance, and validity in a large sample of older postmenopausal women, supporting use of these measures to quantify effects of positive affect and optimism-promoting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ivan B. Posis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Natalie M. Yarish
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Rita H. Ryu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hilary A. Tindle
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Michael
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Podolski OS, Whitfield T, Schaaf L, Cornaro C, Köbe T, Koch S, Wirth M. The Impact of Dance Movement Interventions on Psychological Health in Older Adults without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:981. [PMID: 37508913 PMCID: PMC10377702 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle-based multimodal interventions that integrate physical, sensory, cognitive and social enrichment are suggested to promote healthy mental aging and resilience against aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of dance movement interventions (DMI) as an integrated mind-body activity on outcomes of psychological health in older adults. METHODS Pre-registration was carried out with PROSPERO (CRD42021265112). PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effects of DMI (>4 weeks' duration) compared to comparators on measures of psychological health (primary outcome) and cognitive function (additional outcome) among older adults without dementia (aged ≥55). Data of 14 primary RCT (n = 983, n-DMI = 494, n-control = 489) were synthesized using a random effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation. RESULTS DMI had a small positive effect on overall psychological health (g = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.53; p = 0.02, I2= 65.04) compared to control conditions. Small effects of DMI on positive and negative psychological domains as well as quality of life were not statistically significant. DMI had a medium positive effect on general cognitive function (g = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.89, p = 0.02, I2= 79.61) over comparators. None of the primary intervention studies evaluated measures of neuroplasticity. CONCLUSIONS We found that DMI was effective in promoting mental health amongst older adults without dementia, suggesting that the multimodal enrichment tool is a potential strategy for health promotion and prevention of AD. High-quality intervention studies are needed to expand evidence on DMI-induced changes in specific psychological domains and identify underlying neurophysiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Whitfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Leah Schaaf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara Cornaro
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, 53347 Alfter, Germany
- Faculty of Therapy Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Köbe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Koch
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies (RIArT), Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, 53347 Alfter, Germany
- Faculty of Therapy Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, CAMTRU, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3006, Australia
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Huffman JC, Feig EH, Zambrano J, Celano CM. Positive Psychology Interventions in Medical Populations: Critical Issues in Intervention Development, Testing, and Implementation. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:59-71. [PMID: 37070006 PMCID: PMC10105001 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Positive psychological well-being is prospectively associated with superior health outcomes. Positive psychology interventions have promise as a potentially feasible and effective means of increasing well-being and health in those with medical illness, and several initial studies have shown the potential of such programs in medical populations. At the same time, numerous key issues in the existing positive psychology literature must be addressed to ensure that these interventions are optimally effective. These include (1) assessing the nature and scope of PPWB as part of intervention development and application; (2) identifying and utilizing theoretical models that can clearly outline potential mechanisms by which positive psychology interventions may affect health outcomes; (3) determining consistent, realistic targets for positive psychology interventions; (4) developing consistent approaches to the promotion of positive psychological well-being; (5) emphasizing the inclusion of diverse samples in treatment development and testing; and (6) considering implementation and scalability from the start of intervention development to ensure effective real-world application. Attention to these six domains could greatly facilitate the generation of effective, replicable, and easily adopted positive psychology programs for medical populations with the potential to have an important impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Emily H. Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Juliana Zambrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Christopher M. Celano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
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16
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Mathur A, Moschis GP. Effects of Personal Control and Optimism on Older Adults’ Wellbeing. ACTIVITIES, ADAPTATION & AGING 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2023.2168588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mathur
- Department of Marketing, International Business and Legal Studies, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
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17
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Kim S, Won CW. Optimistic orientation and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Results from KFACS study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 170:111963. [PMID: 36191834 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimistic orientation is linked to several benefits, including better-coping skills, lower stress levels, and better physical health. This study aimed to identify whether optimistic orientation is associated with physical frailty and whether it is related to each component of physical frailty. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2019 survey data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, which included 1203 participants aged 70-84 years. Frailty was defined using the Fried frailty phenotype and optimistic orientation was assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised. RESULTS Optimistic orientation and frailty were negatively correlated (r = -0.214, p < 0.001). After adjusting for several variables, the relationship between optimistic orientation and physical frailty was only significant in women (odds ratio [OR] = 2.960, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:2 1.375-6.371). Regarding the relationship with the five components of the physical frailty phenotype, the least optimistic women were more exhausted (OR = 1.829, 95 % CI: 1.224-2.732) and weaker (OR = 1.955, 95 % CI: 1.197-3.192) after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, education, marital status, social activity, living alone, family income, cognitive state, nutritional status, comorbidity, and depression. DISCUSSION Optimistic orientation was negatively associated with physical frailty only in women. Among the components of physical frailty, exhaustion and weakness are associated with optimistic orientation in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Koga HK, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Lee LO, James P, Kroenke C, Garcia L, Shadyab AH, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Manson JE, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD. Optimism, lifestyle, and longevity in a racially diverse cohort of women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:2793-2804. [PMID: 35674052 PMCID: PMC9588526 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested optimism is associated with healthy aging and exceptional longevity, but most studies were conducted among non-Hispanic White populations. We examined associations of optimism to longevity across racial and ethnic groups and assessed healthy lifestyle as a possible mediating pathway. METHODS Participants from the Women's Health Initiative (N = 159,255) completed a validated measure of optimism and provided other demographic and health data at baseline. We evaluated associations of optimism with increments in lifespan using accelerated failure time models, and with likelihood of exceptional longevity (survival to age ≥90) using Poisson regression models. Causal mediation analysis explored whether lifestyle-related factors mediated optimism-lifespan associations. RESULTS After covariate adjustment, the highest versus lowest optimism quartile was associated with 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 6.4%) longer lifespan. Within racial and ethnic subgroups, these estimates were 5.1% (95%CI = 4.0, 6.1%) in non-Hispanic White, 7.6% (95%CI = 3.6, 11.7%) in Black, 5.4% (95%CI = -0.1, 11.2%) in Hispanic/Latina, and 1.5% (95% CI = -5.0, 8.5) in Asian women. A high proportion (53%) of the women achieved exceptional longevity. Participants in the highest versus lowest optimism quartile had greater likelihood of achieving exceptional longevity (e.g., full sample risk ratio = 1.1, 95%CI = 1.1, 1.1). Lifestyle mediated 24% of the optimism-lifespan association in the full sample, 25% in non-Hispanic White, 10% in Black, 24% in Hispanic/Latina, and 43% in Asian women. CONCLUSIONS Higher optimism was associated with longer lifespan and a greater likelihood of achieving exceptional longevity overall and across racial and ethnic groups. The contribution of lifestyle to these associations was modest. Optimism may promote health and longevity in diverse racial and ethnic groups. Future research should investigate these associations in less long-lived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, and the Research Center of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal
| | - Lewina O. Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Candyce Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Craig H, Ryan J, Freak-Poli R, Owen A, McNeil J, Woods RL, Britt C, Tonkin A, Gasevic D. The Association of Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism With Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Aging Health 2022; 34:961-972. [PMID: 35410519 PMCID: PMC10026003 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221083118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Positive psychosocial factors may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the association of optimism and pessimism with CVD events in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: 11,651 adults aged 70 years and over, participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP), were followed-up for 4.7 years (median). The association of optimism and pessimism (assessed as separate constructs by revised Life Orientation Test) and incident CVD events (composite and components) was assessed by Cox regression adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors. Results: No association was observed between optimism and pessimism with composite CVD events. Being more pessimistic was associated with a greater risk of fatal coronary heart disease, while being more optimistic was associated with a lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Optimism and pessimism may shape cardiovascular health of older adults; and we argue these psychosocial factors should be researched as separate constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alice Owen
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Danijela Gasevic
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Craig H, Gasevic D, Ryan J, Freak-Poli R, Talic S. A qualitative study on how older adults perceive the meaning and shaping of optimism: has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their perceptions? JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.36914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimism is a psychosocial asset associated with healthy ageing. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tremendously impacts people’s lives and health. This study explored what optimism means to older Australians and how the pandemic may have affected their perceptions. Methods Eleven adults (55% female), aged 68-74 years, living in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia participated in semi-structured interviews via video-conferencing. Participants’ perceptions of optimism, lived experience, and potential impacts of the pandemic on optimism were explored. Data were evaluated using reflective thematic analysis. Findings The themes identified were: (i) the essence, beliefs and meaning of optimism, (ii) personality and disposition in shaping optimism through the life course, and (iii) the effects and aftermath of a stressor. Genetics and family history, gratitude and hopefulness, life-course development and the life journey shaped optimism. Pragmatic beliefs and attitudes, being solution-focused, and positivity contributed to the lifelong development of optimism. Optimism promoted proactive coping strategies and acceptance of difficulties during the pandemic. Conclusions The overall meaning of optimism was a generalised positive outlook shaped by the dynamic interaction of attributes. Optimism was not impacted by the pandemic stressor. Rather, optimism helped individuals handle this stressful time. Optimism may aid older individuals’ recovery from the effects of COVID-19.
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21
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Okuzono SS, Shiba K, Lee HH, Shirai K, Koga HK, Kondo N, Fujiwara T, Kondo K, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD, Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Optimism and Longevity Among Japanese Older Adults. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2581-2595. [PMID: 36919080 PMCID: PMC10010677 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism has been linked to better physical health across various outcomes, including greater longevity. However, most evidence is from Western populations, leaving it unclear whether these relationships may generalize to other cultural backgrounds. Using secondary data analysis, we evaluated the associations of optimism among older Japanese adults. METHODS Data were from a nationwide cohort study of Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years (Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study; n = 10,472). In 2010, optimism and relevant covariates (i.e., sociodemographic factors, physical health conditions, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors) were self-reported. Optimism was measured using the Japanese version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Lifespan was determined using mortality information from the public long-term care insurance database through 2017 (7-year follow-up). Accelerated failure time models examined optimism (quintiles or standardized continuous scores) in relation to percent differences in lifespan. Potential effect modification by gender, income, and education was also investigated. RESULTS Overall, 733 individuals (7%) died during the follow-up period. Neither continuous nor categorical levels of optimism were associated with lifespan after progressive adjustment for covariates (e.g., in fully-adjusted models: percent differences in lifespan per 1-SD increase in continuous optimism scores= -1.2%, 95%CI: -3.4, 1.1 higher versus lower optimism quintiles= -4.1%, 95%CI: -11.2, 3.6). The association between optimism and lifespan was null across all sociodemographic strata as well. CONCLUSION Contrary to the existing evidence from Western populations, optimism was unrelated to longevity among Japanese older adults. The association between optimism, as evaluated by the LOT-R, and longevity may differ across cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako S. Okuzono
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, MA, USA
| | - Harold H. Lee
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fran Grodstein
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
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22
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Qureshi F, Stampfer M, Kubzansky LD, Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Prospective associations between coffee consumption and psychological well-being. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267500. [PMID: 35679227 PMCID: PMC9182697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prior work indicates a robust relationship between coffee consumption and lower depression risk, yet no research has examined links with psychological well-being (e.g., happiness, optimism). This study tested whether coffee intake is prospectively associated with greater psychological well-being over time. Secondarily, associations in the reverse direction were also examined to determine whether initial levels of psychological well-being were related to subsequent coffee consumption. Methods Among women in the Nurses’ Health Study, coffee consumption was examined in 1990 and 2002 in relation to sustained levels of happiness reported across multiple assessments from 1992–2000 (N = 44,449) and sustained levels of optimism assessed from 2004–2012 (N = 36,729). Associations were tested using generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution adjusted for various relevant covariates. Bidirectional relationships were evaluated in secondary analyses of baseline happiness (1992) and optimism (2004) with sustained moderate coffee consumption across multiple assessments through 2010. Results Compared to minimal coffee consumption levels (<1 cup/day), moderate consumption (1–3 cups/day) was unrelated to happiness, whereas heavy consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of sustained happiness (relative risk, RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Only moderate coffee consumption was weakly associated with a greater likelihood of sustained optimism (RR1-3cups/day = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06). Secondary analyses showed high levels of optimism but not happiness levels were modestly associated with increased likelihood of sustained moderate coffee intake (RRoptimism = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10; RRhappiness = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99–1.04). Conclusions Associations between psychological well-being and coffee consumption over up to two decades were largely null or weak. Although coffee consumption may protect individuals against depression over time, it may have limited impact on facets of psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Chen J, Zeng Y, He W, Yang J, Xu D, Li H. How Healthy Aging and Contact With Children Are Associated With Satisfaction in Middle-Aged and Older Parents in China: A Mediation Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:836558. [PMID: 35359770 PMCID: PMC8963940 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.836558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine the mediation role of satisfaction with children on the association between contact with children (CCT) and healthy aging among middle-aged and older parents in China. Methods Data from 9,575 parents over 45 years old were obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to measure the association between contact, satisfaction, and healthy aging with potential confounders controlled. We used the Sobel-Goodman Mediation test to analyze the mediation role of satisfaction on the association between types of CCT and healthy aging. Results Parents with contact with adult children had higher satisfaction with children [for contact weekly (satisfied/unsatisfied): relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.44, CI = 1.92-3.10] and higher healthy aging [for contact weekly (Q5/Q1): RRR = 1.41, CI = 1.13-1.77]. Satisfaction was strongly related to healthy aging [for satisfied (Q5/Q1): RRR = 3.44, CI = 2.14-5.51], and mediated 19.05% of healthy aging for weekly contact (Sobel test z = 4.338; indirect role = 0.014, CI = 0.011-0.018; direct role = 0.061, CI = 0.029-0.094). Subgroup analysis further revealed that satisfaction with contact played a partial mediating role between monthly contact and healthy aging in female and rural groups. Conclusions Monthly CCT is more appropriate for older parents. Satisfaction with children in older parents seems to act as a significant and partial mediator of the relationship between contact and healthy aging. The contribution of satisfaction to healthy aging could be important to be considered and promoted in women and rural older parents, independent of CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- Center for World Health Organization (WHO) Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,ACACIA Labs of Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health (SIGHT) and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China,Institute for Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- Center for World Health Organization (WHO) Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun He
- Center for World Health Organization (WHO) Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Center for World Health Organization (WHO) Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Center for World Health Organization (WHO) Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,ACACIA Labs of Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health (SIGHT) and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China,Institute for Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Dong Xu
| | - Haomiao Li
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Haomiao Li
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24
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Feliciano E, Feliciano A, Palompon D, Boshra A. Aging-related Resiliency Theory Development. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2022; 8:4-10. [PMID: 37521079 PMCID: PMC10386798 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a dynamic developmental process, the older population further displays the capacity to resist change over time, improve resilience, and keep a basis for the continuity working and progress over positive management of detrimental consequences of life risks and difficulties. This study aims at developing a theory that endeavors to explore the process of developing aging-related resiliency in people's later in life that can lead to a successful aging experience. In the development of a theory, this study utilized a deductive reasoning approach specifically, using the axiomatic approach. Aging-related Resiliency Theory was efficaciously developed by three propositions generated from four axioms that were derived after reviewing several sets of literature and studies. This developed theory implies that various deleterious events in life activate older persons to respond, adapt, and recover effectively. Acceptance emerges as they acknowledge the natural effects of aging while taking adaptive strategies and supportive resources to be resilient to one's environment. In this sense, it impacts their optimistic outlook towards successful aging. Based on the extraction of axioms, such propositions denoted those older adults call to respond with their total capacity to accept, adapt, recover, and continuously resist deleterious life experiences while using enriched coping strategies and resources towards an optimistic outlook in achieving successful aging. Therefore, emphasizing to improve their capacity to respond to natural decline to essential processes could benefit them at promoting a healthier life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Feliciano
- College of Nursing, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines
- College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - Alfredo Feliciano
- College of Nursing, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines
- College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - Daisy Palompon
- College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - Amira Boshra
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah City, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Min J, Yeh YC, Harvey IS. Social Well-Being, Psychological Factors, and Chronic Conditions Among Older Adults. JAR LIFE 2022; 11:14-19. [PMID: 36923236 PMCID: PMC10002881 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2022.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Aging is characterized by the decline in physical health, functional status, and loss of social roles and relationships that can challenge the quality of life. Social well-being may help explain how aging individuals experience declining physical health and social relationships. Despite the high prevalence of chronic conditions among older adults, research exploring the relationship between social well-being and chronic disease is sparse. Objectives The study aims were to investigate the relationship between social well-being and psychological factors (e.g., perceived control, life satisfaction, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religious coping) by chronic condition in older adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The current study comprises older adults (N = 1,251, aged ≥ 65 y) who participated in the third wave of the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (i.e., MIDUS). Setting MIDUS was conducted on a random-digit-dial sample of community-dwelling, English-speaking adults. Measurements Six instruments representing psychological resources (life satisfaction, perceived control, self-esteem, optimism, active coping, and religious coping) and five dimensions of social well-being (social actualization, social coherence, social acceptance, social contribution, social integration) were measured. An index of chronic disease comprised of self-reported data whether they had received a physician's diagnosis for any chronic conditions over the past year. Results The findings indicated that the individuals without chronic conditions had significantly higher social integration, social acceptance, and social contribution scores than the individuals with chronic conditions (t = 2.26, p < 0.05, t = 2.85, p < 0.01, and t = 2.23, p < 0.05, respectively). For individuals diagnosed with more than one chronic condition, perceived control, self-esteem, and optimism were positively related to their social well-being (β = .33, p < .001, β = .17, p < .001, and β = .33, p < .001, respectively). Conclusion Findings suggested that older adults with multiple chronic conditions have a decrease in social well-being. Chronic disease management programs may help increase social well-being among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Min
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y-C Yeh
- Graduate and Professional School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I S Harvey
- School of Health Professions, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
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26
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Yao Z, Li K. Dispositional pessimism is related to reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity to a psychosocial stressor. Neurosci Lett 2021; 771:136425. [PMID: 34968724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The associations among dispositional optimism/pessimism, baseline RSA and RSA reactivity were investigated in the current study. Physiological data were collected from 102 young adults during baseline, social stress task (i.e., a public speaking task) and recovery periods in the laboratory. Dispositional optimism and pessimism were assessed using the revised Life Orientation Test. Results showed that higher dispositional pessimism is significantly related to lower levels of RSA reactivity to the social stress task. Finding highlight that individuals with higher levels of pessimism may be at elevated risk for physiological maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Republic of china
| | - Yixiao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Republic of china
| | - Yunxin Zhao
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Republic of china
| | - Yun Luo
- School of Education, Zhaoqing University, Republic of china
| | - Zhao Yao
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Republic of china
| | - Kangkang Li
- College of Foreign Lauguages, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Republic of china
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27
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Fox ST, Reid N, Tornvall I, Weerasekera S, Gordon E, Hubbard RE. Anticipating the ageing trajectories of superheroes in the Marvel cinematic universe. BMJ 2021; 375:e068001. [PMID: 34903583 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Fox
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natasha Reid
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ida Tornvall
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shavini Weerasekera
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emily Gordon
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ruth E Hubbard
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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28
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Cheng KJG, McMaughan DJD, Smith ML. The Role of Optimism on the Relationship Between Activity Limitations and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States: A Growth Curve Model of Changes Over Time. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:993-1001. [PMID: 34870492 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211056638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity limitations can diminish life satisfaction. This study explored the role of optimism on the relationship between changes in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) limitations and life satisfaction over time among middle-aged and older adults. Growth curve modeling accounting for intra- and inter-individual changes in life satisfaction was applied to the 2008-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study Leave Behind Survey subsample (n = 39,122 person-years). After controlling for sociodemographic factors, physical functioning decline adversely affected life satisfaction (βADL = -0.12, βIADL = -0.13, p < 0.001), but the negative consequences reduced slightly through optimism (βADL = -0.11, βIADL = -0.12, βoptimism = 0.47, p < 0.001). Increasing optimism could reduce the negative consequences of ADL/IADL limitations on life satisfaction among middle-aged to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Jason Go Cheng
- Social Science Department, Maxwell School of Citizenship, 2029Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Darcy Jones Dj McMaughan
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, 33086Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, 14736Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, 14736Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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29
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Craig H, Ryan J, Freak-Poli R, Owen A, McNeil J, Woods R, Ward S, Britt C, Gasevic D. Dispositional Optimism and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: A Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:938-945. [PMID: 34334727 PMCID: PMC8490272 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimism is modifiable and may be associated with healthy aging. We aim to investigate whether dispositional optimism is associated with all-cause mortality in adults 70 years and older. METHODS Between 2010 and 2014, older adults free of serious cardiovascular disease and dementia were recruited through primary care physicians and enrolled in the Aspirin Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial. Australian ASPREE participants were invited to participate in the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP) that was running in parallel to ASPREE. Optimism was assessed at baseline using the Life Orientation Test-Revised. The association between optimism, divided into quartiles, and all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 11,701 participants (mean [standard deviation] age = 75.1 [4.24] years; 46.6% men) returned the ALSOP Social questionnaire and completed the Life Orientation Test-Revised. During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 469 deaths occurred. The fully adjusted model was not significant (hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval = 0.58-1.06). There was evidence that age was an effect modifier of the association between optimism and longevity. Higher optimism was associated with lower mortality risk in the oldest individuals only (77+ years; hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39-0.96). CONCLUSIONS We observed no independent relationship between optimism and all-cause mortality in the total sample, although optimism seemed to be associated with lower risk among the oldest old (adults 77 years and older).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Craig
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Robyn Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stephanie Ward
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Carlene Britt
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
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30
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Fastame MC, Ruiu M, Mulas I. Mental Health and Religiosity in the Sardinian Blue Zone: Life Satisfaction and Optimism for Aging Well. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:2450-2462. [PMID: 33881687 PMCID: PMC8270870 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of the sociocultural context on dispositional optimism and resilience, life satisfaction, and religiosity in late adulthood. Moreover, the associations between those psychological measures and religiosity were investigated. Ninety-five older individuals recruited in the Sardinian Blue Zone and Cagliari completed a battery of tools assessing cognitive and mental health, and religiosity. Life satisfaction correlated with resilience and religiosity, whereas resilience correlated with optimism. Furthermore, participants of the rural area reported greater optimism and life satisfaction than peers living in the urban area. In conclusion, optimism and hedonic well-being favor optimal aging in the Blue Zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marilena Ruiu
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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31
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Specific features of the oldest old from the Longevity Blue Zones in Ikaria and Sardinia. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111543. [PMID: 34265327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity may be found in single individuals as well as in the population as a whole ("population longevity"). Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs), which are areas with an unusually high number of oldest old, have been identified in Sardinia and the Greek island of Ikaria. We compared the lifestyle, health status and some genetic markers of the LBZ populations with those of reference populations from Italy and Greece; the data were extracted from the GEHA database. In the LBZs, the proportion of individuals who never married or were married and still living with their spouse was significantly greater. Nonagenarians males and females with a high self‒perception of optimism and/or a high score for self-rated health were also found in larger proportions in LBZs. Among the variables with lower frequency were the proportion of the widowed, the percentage of subjects who had suffered a stroke and the frequency of Apoε4 and Apoε2 and the TT genotype of FOXO3A gene. Compared to behavioral and health indicators, the impact of genetic factors might be relatively less important in the LBZs. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify potential epigenetic traits that might play a predominant role due to the interaction between genetics and the human and physical environments.
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32
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The association of optimism and pessimism and all-cause mortality: A systematic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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33
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Boehm JK. Positive psychological well‐being and cardiovascular disease: Exploring mechanistic and developmental pathways. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021; 15:e12599. [PMID: 35860033 PMCID: PMC9285725 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Empirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about directionality. Issues related to development across the lifespan are considered and childhood is identified as a crucial period for establishing healthy cardiovascular trajectories. Outstanding questions for future research are provided with recommendations to focus on well‐powered and prospective study designs with rigorous assessment of both well‐being and cardiovascular‐related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology Chapman University Orange California USA
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34
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Kim ES, Tkatch R, Martin D, MacLeod S, Sandy L, Yeh C. Resilient Aging: Psychological Well-Being and Social Well-Being as Targets for the Promotion of Healthy Aging. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211002951. [PMID: 33816707 PMCID: PMC7995285 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging is one of the most important social trends of the 21st century and in the United States, the number of people aged ≥65 is projected to increase by nearly 50% in the next 15 years. Most biomedical and public health efforts have focused on reducing harmful risk factors when targeting chronic disease—an approach that has contributed greatly to prevention and treatment programs. However, evidence suggests that the number of years lost to disability is increasing and historic gains we have made in life expectancy are eroding, and even reversing in some groups. As our society ages and grapples with these issues, expanding the focus to include resilience, as well as psychosocial assets in our prevention and treatment programs might help inform the multidisciplinary response effort we need. Here we synthesize research evaluating associations between different dimensions of psychological well-being (e.g., purpose in life, optimism, life satisfaction) and social well-being (e.g., structural, functional, quality) with chronic conditions. We also evaluate evidence around three biopsychosocial pathways hypothesized to underlie these associations. These factors are meaningful, measurable, and potentially modifiable; thus, further pursuing this line of inquiry might unveil innovative paths to enhancing the health of our rapidly aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Kim
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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35
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Weitzer J, Santonja I, Degenfellner J, Yang L, Jordakieva G, Crevenna R, Seidel S, Klösch G, Schernhammer E, Papantoniou K. Sleep complaints in former and current night shift workers: findings from two cross-sectional studies in Austria. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:893-906. [PMID: 33757396 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1895200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep impairment is highly prevalent in night shift workers, but evidence on the association of former night shift work (NSW) and its metrics (duration and frequency) in relation to sleep complaints is lacking. We evaluated the association of former and current NSW with chronic insomnia or circadian rhythm sleep disorder in a sample of the general worker (GW) population and in hospital workers (HW) in Austria. Information on sleep, NSW history, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors was collected through an online cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of GW (N= 1,004) and a sample of HW (N= 799) between 2017 and 2019. Multi-variable adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various measures of sleep (including chronic insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, napping habits) and doctor-diagnosed chronic insomnia across NSW exposure (never night shift work; ever; ever/former; ever/current) and related metrics (cumulative duration, average frequency), compared to never NSW. Effect modification by chronotype and daytime napping was investigated. Former NSW was associated with higher odds of chronic insomnia in both samples (GW: OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.07-4.83; HW: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.60-2.27). Chronic insomnia odds tended to increase among current night shift workers (HW: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.79-2.83), compared to day workers. Higher NSW frequency (shifts/month) was associated with higher chronic insomnia odds in former night shift workers in both samples (GW: ORper shift/month = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00-1.12; HW: ORper shift/month = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.25). Former NSW was also associated with increased daytime sleepiness among GW (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.28-3.99). Associations were more pronounced among early chronotypes and participants who reported no daytime naps. Our results suggest that NSW is associated with chronic insomnia even in the years after cessation of involvement in working it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Santonja
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Degenfellner
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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de Vries LP, Baselmans BML, Luykx JJ, de Zeeuw EL, Minică CC, de Geus EJC, Vinkers CH, Bartels M. Genetic evidence for a large overlap and potential bidirectional causal effects between resilience and well-being. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100315. [PMID: 33816719 PMCID: PMC8010858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience and well-being are strongly related. People with higher levels of well-being are more resilient after stressful life events or trauma and vice versa. Less is known about the underlying sources of overlap and causality between the constructs. In a sample of 11.304 twins and 2.572 siblings from the Netherlands Twin Register, we investigated the overlap and possible direction of causation between resilience (i.e. the absence of psychiatric symptoms despite negative life events) and well-being (i.e. satisfaction with life) using polygenic score (PGS) prediction, twin-sibling modelling, and the Mendelian Randomization Direction of Causality (MR-DoC) model. Longitudinal twin-sibling models showed significant phenotypic correlations between resilience and well-being (.41/.51 at time 1 and 2). Well-being PGS were predictive for both well-being and resilience, indicating that genetic factors influencing well-being also predict resilience. Twin-sibling modeling confirmed this genetic correlation (0.71) and showed a strong environmental correlation (0.93). In line with causality, both genetic (51%) and environmental (49%) factors contributed significantly to the covariance between resilience and well-being. Furthermore, the results of within-subject and MZ twin differences analyses were in line with bidirectional causality. Additionally, we used the MR-DoC model combining both molecular and twin data to test causality, while correcting for pleiotropy. We confirmed the causal effect from well-being to resilience, with the direct effect of well-being explaining 11% (T1) and 20% (T2) of the variance in resilience. Data limitations prevented us to test the directional effect from resilience to well-being with the MR-DoC model. To conclude, we showed a strong relation between well-being and resilience. A first attempt to quantify the direction of this relationship points towards a bidirectional causal effect. If replicated, the potential mutual effects can have implications for interventions to lower psychopathology vulnerability, as resilience and well-being are both negatively related to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart M L Baselmans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Outpatient Second Opinion Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline L de Zeeuw
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camelia C Minică
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lee HH, Okuzono SS, Kim ES, De Vivo I, Raffield LM, Glover L, Sims M, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD. Optimism and telomere length among African American adults in the Jackson Heart Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105124. [PMID: 33434830 PMCID: PMC8052931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism is linked with greater longevity in both White and African American populations. Optimism may enhance longevity by slowing cellular aging, for which leukocyte telomere shortening is a biomarker. However, limited studies have examined the association of optimism with leukocyte telomere length among African Americans. METHODS Data are from 723 men and 1244 women participating in the Jackson Heart Study (age = 21-93 years). We used multivariable linear regression models to conduct cross-sectional analyses examining whether higher optimism was associated with longer mean absolute leukocyte telomere length (assayed with Southern blot analysis). Models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptomatology, health conditions, and health behavior-related factors. We also considered potential effect modification by key factors. RESULTS In the age-adjusted model, optimism, measured as a continuous variable, was not associated with leukocyte telomere length (β = 0.01, 95%CI: -0.02, 0.04). This association remained null in the fully-adjusted model (β = 0.02, 95%CI: -0.02, 0.05) and was also null when considering optimism as a binary measure (higher vs. lower optimism). We found no evidence of effect modification by sex, age, body mass index, income, or chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Optimism was not associated with leukocyte telomere length among African American adults. Future studies should investigate alternate biological and behavioral mechanisms that may explain the optimism-health association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold H. Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (Address: 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115)
| | - Sakurako S. Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (Address: 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115)
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia (Address: 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada)
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, (Address: 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115)
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Address: Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514)
| | - LáShauntá Glover
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Address: 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599)
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center (Address: 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216)
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (Address: 600 South Paulina Street, Suite 1028, Chicago, IL 60612)
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (Address: 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115)
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Pasion R, Paiva TO, Fernandes C, Barbosa F. The AGE Effect on Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Sociodemographic, Perceptions and Psychological Accounts. Front Psychol 2020; 11:561785. [PMID: 33178069 PMCID: PMC7595956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak is a sudden and devastating global pandemic in which the control of the spread is highly dependent on individual reactions, until the development of a vaccine and adequate treatments. Considering that older adults are at high risk for COVID-related medical complications and mortality, the present study focuses on the age-related differences on the adoption of protective behaviors during the initial stages of this outbreak, while accounting for the role of sociodemographic, COVID-related, perceived risk, and psychosocial variables (i.e., anxiety, optimism, fear of death, and social isolation) in this relation. The study sample included 1696 participants, aged between 18 and 85 years old, who completed an online survey during the initial stages of the first COVID-19 outbreak in Portugal. Overall, results reveal that the engagement in protective behaviors declines with advancing age and that older adults show a pattern toward lower perceived risk compared with middle-aged adults. Multicategorical mediation analyses show that anxiety, optimism, fear of death, and social isolation significantly mediate age effects on protective behaviors. Specifically, both anxiety and fear of death increase protective behaviors via higher perceived risk in the middle-aged and in the younger groups, respectively. Optimism directly predicts protective behaviors in the middle-aged groups, while social isolation reduces protective behaviors in the younger and older-aged groups. Results are discussed in terms of its implications for public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pasion
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Paiva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Arbel R, Segel-Karpas D, Chopik W. Optimism, pessimism, and health biomarkers in older couples. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:1055-1073. [PMID: 32914524 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated the importance of optimism in predicting perceived general health. However, the handful of studies focusing on cardiovascular biomarkers show inconsistent effects. Additionally, no study examined whether spousal levels of optimism and pessimism affect an individual's biological markers of cardiovascular health. Thus, our objectives were to examine whether partners' optimism and pessimism affect individual biological markers, differentiating between between-dyad associations and within-dyad predictive processes. METHODS Three waves of the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2006, 2010, and 2014 were used to test actor and partner effects of optimism and pessimism on C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein. Multilevel longitudinal actor-partner models were used to examine the contribution of a partner's optimism and pessimism to each biomarker, adjusting for respondent's age, sex, depression, body mass index, daily activity levels, and a summary score of respondent's doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions. RESULTS Partners' pessimism and optimism levels were moderately associated. Results for within-person effects were all non-significant, both within and across waves. Associations at the between-person level were also non-significant, with the exception of a positive association between husbands' pessimism and their own CRP, and husbands' optimism and their wives' CRP. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that optimism and pessimism may not play a pertinent role in within variability of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and have a minor role in predicting to between-person variability of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, The Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | - William Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Ai AL, Carretta H. Depression in Patients with Heart Diseases: Gender Differences and Association of Comorbidities, Optimism, and Spiritual Struggle. Int J Behav Med 2020; 28:382-392. [PMID: 32617901 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a well-established comorbidity of heart disease (HD) and is more prevalent in women than in men. Few studies have examined the gender effect on depression in patients with advanced heart disease prior to open heart surgery (OHS), controlling for cardiac indices. Previous studies indicated the health benefit of optimism but often lacked adjustment for medical confounders. This interdisciplinary study investigated gender differences in pre-OHS depression and the role of medical comorbidities and strength factors. METHOD Two waves of survey data were collected from 481 patients (mean age = 62, female 42%) along with medical indices in the Society of Thoracic Surgeon's (STS) national database used by all US cardiac surgeons. RESULTS A t test showed significantly higher levels of pre-OHS depressive symptoms in women than in men. In multivariate analyses, the gender effect on depression vanished after entry of other socio-demographics, medical comorbidities, objectively assessed cardiac indices in the STS database, and psychosocial strength factors. Depressive symptoms linked inversely with dispositional optimism and positively with medical comorbidities and religious/spiritual struggle, but not with any cardiac indices. A mediation analysis supported the role of comorbidities in the gender difference. CONCLUSION Women with heart disease were more depressed, but the gender difference may be partly explained by multiple comorbid conditions that could complicate disease burden. Reinforcing the literature, optimism, but not other strength factors, appeared to counteract depression after adjusting for health and cardiac conditions. The finding suggests that health providers should be more attentive to overall health of women with heart disease and to the positive expectations of OHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Ai
- Institute of Longevity, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Social Work, and College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2570 University Center Building C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Social Work, Florida State University, Box 3064300, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Henry Carretta
- Institute of Longevity, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Social Work, and College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2570 University Center Building C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Social Work, Florida State University, Box 3064300, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Cardoso RB, Caldas CP, de Souza PA, Brandão MAG, Santana RF. Proposal of Nursing Diagnosis "Readiness for Enhanced Healthy Aging": A Concept Analysis. Int J Nurs Knowl 2020; 32:134-143. [PMID: 32592527 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the concept of healthy aging and propose the development of a nursing diagnosis METHODS: Concept analysis using the method proposed by Walker and Avant FINDINGS: Four bibliographic databases were searched, and 36 articles were included in the analysis. Seven antecedents, seven attributes, and three consequences for "healthy aging" were identified. CONCLUSIONS The concept analysis supported the development of the new nursing diagnosis "readiness for enhanced healthy aging," which can assist nurses in implementing actions aimed at promoting the health of older adults. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE The establishment of a nursing diagnosis may provide nurses the opportunity to implement interventions that promote the maintenance of functional and cognitive capacity, psychological and spiritual well-being, and social engagement, aiming at healthy aging with high quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Barreto Cardoso
- Rosane Barreto Cardoso, MS, is a PhD student in Nursing, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazi
| | - Célia Pereira Caldas
- Célia Pereira Caldas, RN, PhD, is a Full Professor at Public Health Department, Nursing College, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Alfradique de Souza
- Priscilla Alfradique De Souza, RN, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Alfredo Pinto School of Nursing, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão
- Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão, RN, MSN, PhD, is an Associate Professor at Anna Nery School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosimere Ferreira Santana
- Rosimere Ferreira Santana, RN, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the School of Nursing, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Optimism is not associated with two indicators of DNA methylation aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4970-4989. [PMID: 31322503 PMCID: PMC6682522 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates associations between higher optimism and reduced risk of age-related conditions and premature mortality. This suggests optimism is a positive health asset, but research identifying potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations remains limited. One potential pathway is slower cellular aging, which may delay age-related deterioration in health. Data were from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) (N=3,298) and the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS) (N=514), and included dispositional and explanatory style optimism measures. We evaluated whether higher optimism was associated with metrics suggestive of less cellular aging, as indicated by two DNA methylation algorithms, intrinsic (IEAA) and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA); these algorithms represent accelerated biologic aging that exceeds chronological age. We used linear regression models to test our hypothesis while considering several covariates (sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health behaviors). In both cohorts, we found consistently null associations of all measures of optimism with both measures of DNA methylation aging, regardless of covariates considered. For example, in fully-adjusted models, dispositional optimism was not associated with either IEAA (WHI:β=0.02; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:-0.15-0.20; NAS:β=-0.06; 95% CI:-0.56-0.44) or EEAA (WHI:β=-0.04; 95% CI: -0.26-0.17; NAS:β=-0.17; 95% CI: -0.80-0.46). Higher optimism was not associated with reduced cellular aging as measured in this study.
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