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Singh H, Almabhouh FA, Alshaikhli HSI, Hassan MJM, Daud S, Othman R, Md Salleh MFRR. Leptin in reproduction and hypertension in pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:RD24060. [PMID: 39038160 DOI: 10.1071/rd24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin has important roles in numerous physiological functions, including those in the regulation of energy balance, and in immune and reproductive systems. However, in the recent years, evidence has implicated it in a number of obesity-related diseases, where its concentrations in serum are significantly elevated. Elevated serum leptin concentrations and increased placental leptin secretion have been reported in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Whether leptin is responsible for this disorder remains to be established. Leptin injections in healthy rats and mice during pregnancy result in endothelial activation, increased blood pressure and proteinuria. A potential role for leptin in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is hypothesised, particularly in women who are overweight or obese where serum leptin concentrations are often elevated. This review summarises pertinent information in the literature on the role of leptin in puberty, pregnancy, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In particular, the possible mechanism that may be involved in leptin-induced increase in blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy and the potential role of marinobufagenin in this disease entity. We hypothesise a significant role for oxidative stress in this, and propose a conceptual framework on the events that lead to endothelial activation, raised blood pressure and proteinuria following leptin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbindarjeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fayez A Almabhouh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; and Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | | | | | - Suzanna Daud
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfayati Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Fakh Rur Razi Md Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bolignano D, Greco M, D’Agostino M, Cianfrone P, Tripodi L, Misiti R, Zicarelli M, Ganino L, Foti DP, Andreucci M, Coppolino G. Urinary Marinobufagenin in Patients with Non-Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1392. [PMID: 37629682 PMCID: PMC10456778 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise, posing important challenges for healthcare systems. Thus, the search for new factors potentially involved in the pathogenesis, progression and complications of early CKD remains urgent. Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a natriuretic endogenous cardiotonic steroid, and increased circulating levels of it may accelerate kidney damage. In this study, we explored the possible clinical significance of measuring urinary marinobufagenin (uMBG) in patients with non-advanced CKD. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight adult CKD patients (mean age 71.6 ± 10 years, 70.4% male; mean eGFR 40.54 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. uMBG was measured together with a series of clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental analyses. Twenty-five healthy matched subjects served as controls for the uMBG measurement. Results: The uMBG values were lower in the patients with CKD as compared to those of the controls (0.37 [IQR: 0.25-0.45] vs. 0.64 [0.46-0.78] nmol/L. p = 0.004), and a significant trend in eGFR levels was noticed across the decreasing uMBG tertiles (p = 0.03). Regarding the correlation analyses, the uMBG values remained robustly associated with the eGFR in multivariate models employing either uMBG or eGFR as the dependent variable (β = 0.248; p = 0.01 and β = 0.139; p = 0.04, respectively). Besides the eGFR, the independent predictors of uMBG values in this population were the use of statins (β = -0.326; p = 0.001), the presence of diabetes (β = 0.243; p = 0.009) and urine sodium (β = 0.204; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Reduced uMBG excretion may reflect impaired renal clearance, which may contribute to the detrimental effects attributed to this hormone due to systemic accumulation. Future studies are needed to clarify the biological mechanisms placing uMBG at the crossroad of sodium intake and the presence of diabetes in CKD-suffering individuals and to verify whether a statin treatment may somewhat limit the detrimental effects of MBG in the presence of impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario D’Agostino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Paola Cianfrone
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Loredana Tripodi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
| | - Roberta Misiti
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ganino
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Clinical Pathology Lab., Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna-Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (L.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna-Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Carullo N, Fabiano G, D'Agostino M, Zicarelli MT, Musolino M, Presta P, Michael A, Andreucci M, Bolignano D, Coppolino G. New Insights on the Role of Marinobufagenin from Bench to Bedside in Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11186. [PMID: 37446363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marinobufagenin (MBG) is a member of the bufadienolide family of compounds, which are natural cardiac glycosides found in a variety of animal species, including man, which have different physiological and biochemical functions but have a common action on the inhibition of the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). MBG acts as an endogenous cardiotonic steroid, and in the last decade, its role as a pathogenic factor in various human diseases has emerged. In this paper, we have collated major evidence regarding the biological characteristics and functions of MBG and its implications in human pathology. This review focused on MBG involvement in chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular diseases, sex and gender medicine, and its actions on the nervous and immune systems. The role of MBG in pathogenesis and the development of a wide range of pathological conditions indicate that this endogenous peptide could be used in the future as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target, opening important avenues of scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabiano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario D'Agostino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michela Musolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangela Presta
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ashour Michael
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Fedorova OV, Shilova VY, Zernetkina V, Juhasz O, Wei W, Lakatta EG, Bagrov AY. Silencing of PKG1 Gene Mimics Effect of Aging and Sensitizes Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Cardiotonic Steroids: Impact on Fibrosis and Salt Sensitivity. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028768. [PMID: 37301747 PMCID: PMC10356040 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Marinobufagenin, NKA (Na/K-ATPase) inhibitor, causes vasoconstriction and induces fibrosis via inhibition of Fli1 (Friend leukemia integration-1), a negative regulator of collagen synthesis. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), via a cGMP/PKG1 (protein kinase G1)-dependent mechanism, reduces NKA sensitivity to marinobufagenin. We hypothesized that VSMC from old rats, due to downregulation of ANP/cGMP/PKG-dependent signaling, would exhibit heightened sensitivity to the profibrotic effect of marinobufagenin. Methods and Results Cultured VSMC from the young (3-month-old) and old (24-month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats and young VSMC with silenced PKG1 gene were treated with 1 nmol/L ANP, or with 1 nmol/L marinobufagenin, or with a combination of ANP and marinobufagenin. Collagen-1, Fli1, and PKG1 levels were assessed by Western blotting analyses. Vascular PKG1 and Fli1 levels in the old rats were reduced compared with their young counterparts. ANP prevented inhibition of vascular NKA by marinobufagenin in young VSMC but not in old VSMC. In VSMC from the young rats, marinobufagenin induced downregulation of Fli1 and an increase in collagen-1 level, whereas ANP blocked this effect. Silencing of the PKG1 gene in young VSMC resulted in a reduction in levels of PKG1 and Fli1; marinobufagenin additionally reduced Fli1 and increased collagen-1 level, and ANP failed to oppose these marinobufagenin effects, similar to VSMC from the old rats with the age-associated reduction in PKG1. Conclusions Age-associated reduction in vascular PKG1 and the resultant decline in cGMP signaling lead to the loss of the ability of ANP to oppose marinobufagenin-induced inhibition of NKA and fibrosis development. Silencing of the PKG1 gene mimicked these effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Victoria Y. Shilova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
- Present address:
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Valentina Zernetkina
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Ondrej Juhasz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Wen Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alexei Y. Bagrov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMDUSA
- Padakonn PharmaNarvaEstonia
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Zheng J, Lan P, Li M, Kang MC, Xun M, Ma X, Yan M, Sun D, Shen Y, Fu X, Ding X, Yan X, Xue WJ. Anti-Na +/K +-ATPase DR antibody attenuates UUO-induced renal fibrosis through inhibition of Na +/K +-ATPase α1-dependent HMGB1 release. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109826. [PMID: 36764269 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and NKAα1 expression are engaged in the pathologies of renal diseases. NKA-mediated Src activation is not the only reason for NKA-related renal fibrosis. In this study, we found that genetic reduction of NKAα1 exhibited exacerbated tubulointerstitial lesions and fibrosis in the UUO mice model. Activation of NKAα1 with an antibody against the extracellular DR region of the NKAα1 subunit (DRm217) prevented UUO-induced tubulointerstitial lesions, preserved kidney function, and decrease renal fibrosis. Further studies revealed that NKAα1 deficiency mice exhibited high inflammation factors expression when they suffered UUO surgery, compared with NKAα1+/+ (WT) mice. DRm217 alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, suppress NF-κB phosphorylation, and decreased inflammatory factors expression in the UUO mice model. Released HMGB1 can trigger the inflammatory response and contribute to renal fibrosis. Knockdown of NKA in renal tubular cells or in NKAα1+/- mice was associated with more susceptibility to HMGB1 release in the UUO mice model. DRm217 exerted its antifibrotic effect via inhibiting HMGB1 release. Furthermore, AMPK activation participates in the effect of DRm217 on inhibiting HMGB1 release. Our findings suggest that NKAα1 is a regulator of renal fibrosis and its DR-region is a novel target on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meihe Li
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Min-Chao Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meng Xun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiangyun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mengyao Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinyi Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wu-Jun Xue
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Chen Y, Huang C, Duan ZB, Chen YX, Xu CY. LncRNA NEAT1 accelerates renal fibrosis progression via targeting miR-31 and modulating RhoA/ROCK signal pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C292-C306. [PMID: 36440854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00382.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathway for chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal failure. Noncoding RNAs have been reported to play a crucial role in renal fibrosis. Here, the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and miR-31 on renal fibrosis and their regulatory mechanism were evaluated. RT-qPCR was used to assess NEAT1, miR-31, and RhoA levels. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of fibrosis markers, RhoA, rho-related kinase (ROCK1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and luciferase reporter assays verified the interaction between miR-31 and NEAT1 or RhoA. Renal fibrosis and injury were observed by Masson and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression level of inflammatory cytokines was detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and RhoA in renal tissues. We showed that NEAT1 was highly expressed, whereas miR-31 was decreased in renal fibrosis. NEAT1 was found to directly bind miR-31 to positively regulate RhoA expression. Furthermore, NEAT1 silencing inhibited renal fibrosis and inflammation and suppressed the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. However, knockdown of miR-31 could reverse these effects. NEAT1 silencing or overexpression of miR-31 alleviated renal fibrosis in vivo. In conclusion, NEAT1 accelerates renal fibrosis progression via negative regulation of miR-31 and the activation of RhoA/ROCK1 pathway, thereby upregulating the expression level of CTGF, providing a theoretical basis for treatment and prognostic evaluation of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yan P, Ke B, Fang X. Ion channels as a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019028. [PMID: 36277193 PMCID: PMC9581181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ion channel transport and electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the process of functional impairment and fibrosis in the kidney. It is well known that there are limited effective drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis, and since a large number of ion channels are involved in the renal fibrosis process, understanding the mechanisms of ion channel transport and the complex network of signaling cascades between them is essential to identify potential therapeutic approaches to slow down renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current work of ion channels in renal fibrosis. We pay close attention to the effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), transmembrane Member 16A (TMEM16A) and other Cl− channel mediated signaling pathways and ion concentrations on fibrosis, as well as the various complex mechanisms for the action of Ca2+ handling channels including Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC), purinergic receptor, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Furthermore, we also focus on the contribution of Na+ transport such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na+, K+-ATPase, Na+-H+ exchangers, and K+ channels like Ca2+-activated K+ channels, voltage-dependent K+ channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channels on renal fibrosis. Proposed potential therapeutic approaches through further dissection of these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic opportunities to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease.
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Chakravarty D, Ray AG, Chander V, Mabalirajan U, Mondal PC, Siddiqui KN, Sinha BP, Konar A, Bandyopadhyay A. Systemic deficiency of vitronectin is associated with aortic inflammation and plaque progression in ApoE-Knockout mice. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:121-137. [PMID: 35141476 PMCID: PMC8814562 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal cell spreading and interplay of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), inflammatory cells, and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are critical for progressive atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. The role of vitronectin (VTN), a major cell attachment glycoprotein, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains elusive. In this study, we attempt to examine the pathological role of VTN in arterial plaque progression and inflammation. We found that, relative expression analysis of VTN from the liver of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Knockout mice revealed that atherosclerotic progression induced by feeding mice with high cholesterol diet (HCD) causes a significant downregulation of VTN mRNA as well as protein after 60 days. Promoter assay confirmed that cholesterol modulates the expression of VTN by influencing its promoter. Mimicking VTN reduction with siRNA in HCD fed ApoE Knockout mice, accelerated athero-inflammation with an increase in NF-kB, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 at the site of the plaque along with upregulation of inflammatory proteins like MCP-1 and IL-1β in the plasma. Also, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 and MMP-12 expression were increased and collagen content was decreased in the plaque, in VTN deficient condition. This might pose a challenge to plaque integrity. Human subjects with acute coronary syndrome or having risk factors of atherosclerosis have lower levels of VTN compared to healthy controls suggesting a clinical significance of plasma VTN in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. We establish that, VTN plays a pivotal role in cholesterol-driven atherosclerosis and aortic inflammation and might be a useful indicator for atherosclerotic plaque burden and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasmita Chakravarty
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Aleepta Guha Ray
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Vivek Chander
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | | | | | - Bishnu Prasad Sinha
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory DisorderCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Aditya Konar
- Department of Laboratory Animal FacilityCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory DisorderCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
- Department of Laboratory Animal FacilityCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
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Gokula V, Terrero D, Joe B. Six Decades of History of Hypertension Research at the University of Toledo: Highlighting Pioneering Contributions in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Host-Microbiota Interactions. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:669-685. [PMID: 36301488 PMCID: PMC9708772 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to capture the history and lineage of hypertension researchers from the University of Toledo in Ohio and showcase their collective scientific contributions dating from their initial discoveries of the physiology of adrenal and renal systems and genetics regulating blood pressure (BP) to its more contemporary contributions including microbiota and metabolomic links to BP regulation. RECENT FINDINGS The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS), previously known as the Medical College of Ohio, has contributed significantly to our understanding of the etiology of hypertension. Two of the scientists, Patrick Mulrow and John Rapp from UTCOMLS, have been recognized with the highest honor, the Excellence in Hypertension award from the American Heart Association for their pioneering work on the physiology and genetics of hypertension, respectively. More recently, Bina Joe has continued their legacy in the basic sciences by uncovering previously unknown novel links between microbiota and metabolites to the etiology of hypertension, work that has been recognized by the American Heart Association with multiple awards. On the clinical research front, Christopher Cooper and colleagues lead the CORAL trials and contributed importantly to the investigations on renal artery stenosis treatment paradigms. Hypertension research at this institution has not only provided these pioneering insights, but also grown careers of scientists as leaders in academia as University Presidents and Deans of Medical Schools. Through the last decade, the university has expanded its commitment to Hypertension research as evident through the development of the Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine led by Bina Joe as its founding Director. Hypertension being the top risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of human mortality, is an important area of research in multiple international universities. The UTCOMLS is one such university which, for the last 6 decades, has made significant contributions to our current understanding of hypertension. This review is a synthesis of this rich history. Additionally, it also serves as a collection of audio archives by more recent faculty who are also prominent leaders in the field of hypertension research, including John Rapp, Bina Joe, and Christopher Cooper, which are cataloged at Interviews .
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Gokula
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
| | - David Terrero
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| | - Bina Joe
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
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Elucidating Potential Profibrotic Mechanisms of Emerging Biomarkers for Early Prognosis of Hepatic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134737. [PMID: 32635162 PMCID: PMC7369895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis has been associated with a series of pathophysiological processes causing excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Several cellular processes and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the diseased liver that augments fibrogenesis, fibrogenic cytokines and associated liver complications. Liver biopsy remains an essential diagnostic tool for histological evaluation of hepatic fibrosis to establish a prognosis. In addition to being invasive, this methodology presents with several limitations including poor cost-effectiveness, prolonged hospitalizations, and risks of peritoneal bleeding, while the clinical use of this method does not reveal underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Several alternate noninvasive diagnostic strategies have been developed, to determine the extent of hepatic fibrosis, including the use of direct and indirect biomarkers. Immediate diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis by noninvasive means would be more palatable than a biopsy and could assist clinicians in taking early interventions timely, avoiding fatal complications, and improving prognosis. Therefore, we sought to review some common biomarkers of liver fibrosis along with some emerging candidates, including the oxidative stress-mediated biomarkers, epigenetic and genetic markers, exosomes, and miRNAs that needs further evaluation and would have better sensitivity and specificity. We also aim to elucidate the potential role of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) and evaluate the pro-inflammatory and profibrotic effects of CTS in exacerbating hepatic fibrosis. By understanding the underlying pathogenic processes, the efficacy of these biomarkers could allow for early diagnosis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases, once validated.
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Khalaf FK, Tassavvor I, Mohamed A, Chen Y, Malhotra D, Xie Z, Tian J, Haller ST, Westfall K, Tang WHW, Kennedy DJ. Epithelial and Endothelial Adhesion of Immune Cells Is Enhanced by Cardiotonic Steroid Signaling Through Na +/K +-ATPase-α-1. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013933. [PMID: 32013704 PMCID: PMC7033897 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have highlighted a critical role for a group of natriuretic hormones, cardiotonic steroid (CTS), in mediating renal inflammation and fibrosis associated with volume expanded settings, such as chronic kidney disease. Immune cell adhesion is a critical step in the inflammatory response; however, little is currently understood about the potential regulatory role of CTS signaling in this setting. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that CTS signaling through Na+/K+‐ATPase α‐1 (NKA α‐1) enhances immune cell recruitment and adhesion to renal epithelium that ultimately advance renal inflammation. Methods and Results We demonstrate that knockdown of the α‐1 isoform of Na/K‐ATPase causes a reduction in CTS‐induced macrophage infiltration in renal tissue as well reduces the accumulation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. Next, using functional adhesion assay, we demonstrate that CTS‐induced increases in the adhesion of macrophages to renal epithelial cells were significantly diminished after reduction of NKA α‐1 in either macrophages or renal epithelial cells as well after inhibition of NKA α‐1‐Src signaling cascade with a specific peptide inhibitor, pNaKtide in vitro. Finally, CTS‐induced expression of adhesion markers in both endothelial and immune cells was significantly inhibited in an NKA α‐1‐Src signaling dependent manner in vitro. Conclusions These findings suggest that CTS potentiates immune cell migration and adhesion to renal epithelium through an NKA α‐1–dependent mechanism; our new findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of this feed‐forward loop may be useful in the treatment of renal inflammation associated with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Amal Mohamed
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute Blood Center of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research Marshall University Huntington WV
| | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Kristen Westfall
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - David J Kennedy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
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Pavlovic D. Endogenous cardiotonic steroids and cardiovascular disease, where to next? Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102156. [PMID: 31896530 PMCID: PMC7031694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ever since British Physician William Withering first described the use of foxglove extract for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure in 1785, cardiotonic steroids have been used clinically to treat heart failure and more recently atrial fibrillation. Due to their ability to bind and inhibit the ubiquitous transport enzyme sodium potassium pump, thus regulating intracellular Na+ concentration in every living cell, they are also an essential tool for research into the sodium potassium pump structure and function. Exogenous CTS have been clearly demonstrated to affect cardiovascular system through modulation of vagal tone, cardiac contraction (via ionic changes) and altered natriuresis. Reports of a number of endogenous CTS, since the 1980s, have intensified research into their physiologic and pathophysiologic roles and opened up novel therapeutic targets. Substantive evidence pointing to the role of endogenous ouabain and marinobufagenin, the two most prominent CTS, in development of cardiovascular disease has accumulated. Nevertheless, their presence, structure, biosynthesis pathways and even mechanism of action remain unclear or controversial. In this review the current state-of-the-art, the controversies and the remaining questions surrounding the role of endogenous cardiotonic steroids in health and disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Abstract
The term uraemic cardiomyopathy refers to the cardiac abnormalities that are seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Historically, this term was used to describe a severe cardiomyopathy that was associated with end-stage renal disease and characterized by severe functional abnormalities that could be reversed following renal transplantation. In a modern context, uraemic cardiomyopathy describes the clinical phenotype of cardiac disease that accompanies CKD and is perhaps best characterized as diastolic dysfunction seen in conjunction with left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. A multitude of factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of uraemic cardiomyopathy, and current treatments only modestly improve outcomes. In this Review, we focus on evolving concepts regarding the roles of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), inflammation and systemic oxidant stress and their interactions with more established mechanisms such as pressure and volume overload resulting from hypertension and anaemia, respectively, activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway, abnormal mineral metabolism and increased levels of endogenous cardiotonic steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
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Xie JX, Zhang S, Cui X, Zhang J, Yu H, Khalaf FK, Malhotra D, Kennedy DJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J, Haller ST. Na/K-ATPase/src complex mediates regulation of CD40 in renal parenchyma. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1138-1149. [PMID: 29294050 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have highlighted a critical role for CD40 in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis. However, little is currently understood about the regulation of CD40 in this setting. Methods We use novel Na/K-ATPase cell lines and inhibitors in order to demonstrate the regulatory function of Na/K-ATPase with regards to CD40 expression and function. We utilize 5/6 partial nephrectomy as well as direct infusion of a Na/K-ATPase ligand to demonstrate this mechanism exists in vivo. Results We demonstrate that knockdown of the α1 isoform of Na/K-ATPase causes a reduction in CD40 while rescue of the α1 but not the α2 isoform restores CD40 expression in renal epithelial cells. Second, because the major functional difference between α1 and α2 is the ability of α1 to form a functional signaling complex with Src, we examined whether the Na/K-ATPase/Src complex is important for CD40 expression. We show that a gain-of-Src binding α2 mutant restores CD40 expression while loss-of-Src binding α1 reduces CD40 expression. Furthermore, loss of a functional Na/K-ATPase/Src complex also disrupts CD40 signaling. Importantly, we show that use of a specific Na/K-ATPase/Src complex antagonist, pNaKtide, can attenuate cardiotonic steroid (CTS)-induced induction of CD40 expression in vitro. Conclusions Because the Na/K-ATPase/Src complex is also a key player in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis, our new findings suggest that Na/K-ATPase and CD40 may comprise a pro-fibrotic feed-forward loop in the kidney and that pharmacological inhibition of this loop may be useful in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shungang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Gohara A, Drummond CA, Tian J, Haller ST, Xie Z, Kennedy DJ. Proinflammatory Effects of Cardiotonic Steroids Mediated by NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1)/Src Complex in Renal Epithelial Cells and Immune Cells. Hypertension 2019; 74:73-82. [PMID: 31132948 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1) ligands that are increased in volume expanded states and associated with cardiac and renal diseases. Although initiation and resolution of inflammation is an important component of cellular injury and repair in renal disease, it is unknown whether CTS activation of NKA α-1 signaling in this setting regulates this inflammatory response. On this background, we hypothesized that CTS signaling through the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex promotes a proinflammatory response in renal epithelial and immune cells. First, we observed that the CTS telocinobufagin activated multiple proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in renal epithelial cells, and these effects were attenuated after either NKA α-1 knockdown or with a specific inhibitor of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex (pNaKtide). Similar findings were observed in immune cells, where we demonstrated that while telocinobufagin induced both oxidative burst and enhanced Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in macrophages ( P<0.05), the effects were abolished in NKA α-1+/- macrophages or by pretreatment with pNaKtide or the Src inhibitor PP2 ( P<0.01). In a series of in vivo studies, we found that 5/6th partial nephrectomy induced significantly less oxidative stress in the remnant kidney of NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Similarly, 5/6th partial nephrectomy yielded decreased levels of the urinary oxidative stress marker 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Finally, we found that in vivo inhibition of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex with pNaKtide significantly inhibited renal proinflammatory gene expression after 5/6th partial nephrectomy. These findings suggest that the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex plays a central role in regulating the renal inflammatory response induced by elevated CTS both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Amira Gohara
- Department of Pathology (A.G.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (Z.X.)
| | - David J Kennedy
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
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16
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Keppel MH, Piecha G, März W, Cadamuro J, Auer S, Felder TK, Mrazek C, Oberkofler H, Trummer C, Grübler MR, Schwetz V, Verheyen N, Pandis M, Borzan V, Haschke-Becher E, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S. The endogenous cardiotonic steroid Marinobufagenin and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate at follow-up in patients with arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212973. [PMID: 30817774 PMCID: PMC6394930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marinobufagenin (MBG) is an endogenous cardiotonic steroid (CTS) that inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase. Human MBG is significantly increased in end-stage renal disease and immunization against MBG attenuates cardiovascular fibrosis in a rat model of uremic cardiomyopathy. Mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRA) block MBG binding sites and decrease proteinuria in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We therefore aimed to investigate the association of MBG and albuminuria, as a marker of renal damage, as well as MBG and decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS The Graz endocrine causes of hypertension (GECOH) study is a single center study of adults routinely referred for screening of endocrine hypertension. Plasma MBG was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay, and in a post-hoc analysis, follow-up creatinine levels were obtained. Patients with proteinuria >3.5g/day at baseline were excluded from further evaluation. RESULTS We measured MBG concentrations in 40 hypertensive subjects and excluded one patient due to pre-existing proteinuria. Plasma MBG was significantly correlated with albuminuria (Spearman ρ = .357; p = .028) and proteinuria (ρ = .336; p = .039). In linear regression analysis, the association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (β = .306; p = .036), and for mean systolic blood pressure (β = .352; p = .034). In follow-up analyses (N = 30), MBG was significantly associated with decline in GFR after adjustment for time-to-follow-up (β = -.374; p = .042). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that MBG plasma concentrations were associated with albuminuria as well as decline in kidney function. Whether MBG predicts hard renal endpoints warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Keppel
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Grzegorz Piecha
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Janne Cadamuro
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simon Auer
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas K. Felder
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Mrazek
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Oberkofler
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Trummer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin R. Grübler
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Pandis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Borzan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haschke-Becher
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wang J, Ullah SH, Li M, Zhang M, Zhang F, Zheng J, Yan X. DR region specific antibody ameliorated but ouabain worsened renal injury in nephrectomized rats through regulating Na,K-ATPase mediated signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1151-1162. [PMID: 30807290 PMCID: PMC6402514 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced Na+-K+-ATPase function is reported in various renal diseases. This implies that increase of Na+-K+-ATPase function may be a new target in treatment of renal injury. We previously reported that Na+-K+-ATPase was stabilized by DRm217, a specific antibody against DR region of Na+-K+-ATPase. In this study, we compared the protective effect of DRm217 and ouabain on kidney in a chronic kidney disease rat model and investigated the mechanism under it. We found that DRm217 improved renal function, alleviated glomerulus atrophy, inhibited renal tubular cells apoptosis, tubulointerstitial injury and renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Contrary to DRm217, ouabain worsened renal damage. Activated Na+-K+-ATPase /Src signaling pathway, increased oxidant stress and activated inflammasome were responsible for nephrectomized or ouabain-induced renal injury. DRm217 inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase /Src signaling pathway, retarded oxidant stress, suppressed inflammasome activation, and improved renal function, suggesting a novel approach to prevent renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Pathology, Ankang Central Hostipal, An’kang 725000, China
| | - Sayyed Hanif Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meihe Li
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Hospital of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Dietary Sodium Restriction Reduces Arterial Stiffness, Vascular TGF-β-Dependent Fibrosis and Marinobufagenin in Young Normotensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103168. [PMID: 30326586 PMCID: PMC6214093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt (HS) intake stimulates the production of marinobufagenin (MBG), an endogenous steroidal Na/K-ATPase ligand, which activates profibrotic signaling. HS is accompanied by a blood pressure (BP) increase in salt-sensitive hypertension, but not in normotensive animals. Here, we investigated whether HS stimulates MBG production and activates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) profibrotic signaling in young normotensive rats, and whether these changes can be reversed by reducing salt to a normal salt (NS) level. Three-month old male Sprague–Dawley rats received NS for 4 and 8 weeks (0.5% NaCl; NS4 and NS8), or HS for 4 and 8 weeks (4% NaCl; HS4 and HS8), or HS for 4 weeks followed by NS for 4 weeks (HS4/NS4), n = 8/group. Systolic BP (SBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), MBG excretion, aortic collagen 1α2, collagen 4α1 and TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3, Fli-1 mRNA, and total collagen abundance were measured at baseline (BL), and on weeks 4 and 8. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. SBP was not affected by HS (125 ± 5 and 126 ± 6 vs. 128 ± 7 mmHg, HS4 and HS8 vs. BL, p > 0.05). HS increased MBG (164 ± 19 vs. 103 ± 19 pmol/24 h/kg, HS4 vs. BL, p < 0.05) and PWV (3.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2 m/s, HS4 vs. NS4, p < 0.05). HS8 was associated with a further increase in MBG and PWV, with an increase in aortic Col1a2 80%), Col4a1 (50%), Tgfb1 (30%), Smad2 (30%) and Smad3 (45%) mRNAs, and aortic wall collagen (180%) vs. NS8 (all p < 0.05). NS following HS downregulated HS-induced factors: in HS4/NS4, the MBG level was 91 ± 12 pmol/24 h/kg (twofold lower than HS8, p < 0.01), PWV was 3.7 ± 0.3 vs. 4.7 ± 0.2 m/s (HS4/NS4 vs. HS8, p < 0.05), aortic wall Tgfb1, Col1a2, Col4a1, Smad2, Smad3 mRNAs, and collagen abundance were reversed by salt reduction to the BL levels (p < 0.05). HS was associated with an activation of TGF-β signaling, aortic fibrosis and aortic stiffness accompanied by an MBG increase in the absence of SBP changes in young normotensive rats. The reduction of dietary salt following HS decreased MBG, PWV, aortic wall collagen and TGF-β. Thus, HS-induced aortic stiffness in normotensive animals occurred in the context of elevated MBG, which may activate SMAD-dependent TGF-β pro-fibrotic signaling. This data suggests that a decrease in salt consumption could help to restore aortic elasticity and diminish the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing the production of the pro-fibrotic factor MBG.
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Mohamed A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardiotonic Steroids and the Sodium Trade Balance: New Insights into Trade-Off Mechanisms Mediated by the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2576. [PMID: 30200235 PMCID: PMC6165267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1972 Neal Bricker presented the "trade-off" hypothesis in which he detailed the role of physiological adaptation processes in mediating some of the pathophysiology associated with declines in renal function. In the late 1990's Xie and Askari published seminal studies indicating that the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) was not only an ion pump, but also a signal transducer that interacts with several signaling partners. Since this discovery, numerous studies from multiple laboratories have shown that the NKA is a central player in mediating some of these long-term "trade-offs" of the physiological adaptation processes which Bricker originally proposed in the 1970's. In fact, NKA ligands such as cardiotonic steroids (CTS), have been shown to signal through NKA, and consequently been implicated in mediating both adaptive and maladaptive responses to volume overload such as fibrosis and oxidative stress. In this review we will emphasize the role the NKA plays in this "trade-off" with respect to CTS signaling and its implication in inflammation and fibrosis in target organs including the heart, kidney, and vasculature. As inflammation and fibrosis exhibit key roles in the pathogenesis of a number of clinical disorders such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, preeclampsia, and aging, this review will also highlight the role of newly discovered NKA signaling partners in mediating some of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Amal Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Piecha G, Kujawa-Szewieczek A, Kuczera P, Skiba K, Sikora-Grabka E, Więcek A. Plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity in patients with chronic kidney disease: a case control study. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F637-F643. [PMID: 30043626 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00046.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data have shown increased plasma levels of marinobufagenin in kidney failure. In this case-controlled retrospective analysis, we evaluated plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity in hemodialysis patients compared with subjects with normal kidney function. Sixty-eight adult hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (34 females and 34 males) as well as 68 age-, gender-, and blood pressure-matched subjects without chronic kidney disease were enrolled. Patients on stable hemodialysis regimen for at least 3 mo before the study were included. Exclusion criteria were: age <18 yr, severe liver or heart insufficiency, and overhydration. Subjects without chronic kidney disease must have had an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 ml·min-1·1.72 m-2 according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity was significantly ( P < 0.001) higher in hemodialysis patients (1.66 ± 1.13 nmol/l) compared with subjects with normal kidney function (0.46 ± 0.23). In hemodialysis patients, plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity was higher in men compared with women. A significant positive correlation has been found between plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity and serum NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, or aldosterone concentrations in all analyzed subjects. In hemodialyzed patients with plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity above median value 5-yr, all-cause mortality was higher compared with those with plasma marinobufagenin concentration below median. We have shown that plasma marinobufagenin immunoreactivity is increased in patients with end-stage kidney failure treated with hemodialysis parallel to the increase in serum NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, and aldosterone concentrations. Higher marinobufagenin immunoreactivity has been associated with worse survival in hemodialyzed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Piecha
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Agata Kujawa-Szewieczek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Piotr Kuczera
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skiba
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Ewelina Sikora-Grabka
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
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21
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Haller ST, Kumarasamy S, Folt DA, Wuescher LM, Stepkowski S, Karamchandani M, Waghulde H, Mell B, Chaudhry M, Maxwell K, Upadhyaya S, Drummond CA, Tian J, Filipiak WE, Saunders TL, Shapiro JI, Joe B, Cooper CJ. Targeted disruption of Cd40 in a genetically hypertensive rat model attenuates renal fibrosis and proteinuria, independent of blood pressure. Kidney Int 2017; 91:365-374. [PMID: 27692815 PMCID: PMC5237403 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a common cause of chronic kidney disease. Because CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, has been linked to the progression of kidney disease in ischemic nephropathy, we studied the role of Cd40 in the development of hypertensive renal disease. The Cd40 gene was mutated in the Dahl S genetically hypertensive rat with renal disease by targeted-gene disruption using zinc-finger nuclease technology. These rats were then given low (0.3%) and high (2%) salt diets and compared. The resultant Cd40 mutants had significantly reduced levels of both urinary protein excretion (41.8 ± 3.1 mg/24 h vs. 103.7 ± 4.3 mg/24 h) and plasma creatinine (0.36 ± 0.05 mg/dl vs. 1.15 ± 0.19 mg/dl), with significantly higher creatinine clearance compared with the control S rats (3.04 ± 0.48 ml/min vs. 0.93 ± 0.15 ml/min), indicating renoprotection was conferred by mutation of the Cd40 locus. Furthermore, the Cd40 mutants had a significant attenuation in renal fibrosis, which persisted on the high salt diet. However, there was no difference in systolic blood pressure between the control and Cd40 mutant rats. Thus, these data serve as the first evidence for a direct link between Cd40 and hypertensive nephropathy. Hence, renal fibrosis is one of the underlying mechanisms by which Cd40 plays a crucial role in the development of hypertensive renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Folt
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Manish Karamchandani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Blair Mell
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Toxicology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Siddhi Upadhyaya
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Wanda E Filipiak
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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22
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Fan X, Xie J, Tian J. Reducing Cardiac Fibrosis: Na/K-ATPase Signaling Complex as a Novel Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6. [PMID: 29034264 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in cardiac disease and may lead to heart failure. It can also cause sudden death even in those without cardiac symptoms. Tissue fibrosis can be categorized into two categories: replacement fibrosis (also called reparative fibrosis) and reactive fibrosis. In replacement fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins are the initial steps in forming scarlike fibrotic tissue after acute cardiac injury and cardiac cell necrosis. Reactive fibrosis can be formed in response to hormonal change and pressure or volume overload. Experimental studies in animals have identified important pathways such as the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the endothelin pathway that contribute to fibrosis formation. Despite the fact that clinical trials using RAAS inhibitors as therapies for reducing cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function have been promising, heart failure is still the leading cause of deaths in the United States. Intensive efforts have been made to find novel targets and to develop new treatments for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in the past few decades. The Na/K-ATPase, a canonical ion transporter, has been shown to also function as a signal transducer and prolonged activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling has been found to promote the formation of cardiac fibrosis. Novel tools that block the activation of Na/K-ATPase signaling have been developed and have shown promise in reducing cardiac fibrosis. This review will discuss the recent development of novel molecular targets, focusing on the Na/K-ATPase signaling complex as a therapeutic target in treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Xie
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - J Tian
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Drummond CA, Crotty Alexander LE, Haller ST, Fan X, Xie JX, Kennedy DJ, Liu J, Yan Y, Hernandez DA, Mathew DP, Cooper CJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Cigarette smoking causes epigenetic changes associated with cardiorenal fibrosis. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:950-960. [PMID: 27789733 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00070.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that smoking combustible cigarettes promotes progression of renal and cardiac injury, leading to functional decline in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, basic studies using in vivo small animal models that mimic clinical pathology of CKD are lacking. To address this issue, we evaluated renal and cardiac injury progression and functional changes induced by 4 wk of daily combustible cigarette smoke exposure in the 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) CKD model. Molecular evaluations revealed that cigarette smoke significantly (P < 0.05) decreased renal and cardiac expression of the antifibrotic microRNA miR-29b-3 and increased expression of molecular fibrosis markers. In terms of cardiac and renal organ structure and function, exposure to cigarette smoke led to significantly increased systolic blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac and renal fibrosis, and decreased renal function. These data indicate that decreased expression of miR-29b-3p is a novel mechanism wherein cigarette smoke promotes accelerated cardiac and renal tissue injury in CKD. (155 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Drummond
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California; and
| | - Steven T Haller
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey X Xie
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David J Kennedy
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Yanling Yan
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Dawn-Alita Hernandez
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine (Critical Care and Sleep Medicine), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Denzil P Mathew
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California; and
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Tian
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Drummond CA, Hill MC, Shi H, Fan X, Xie JX, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Liu J, Garrett MR, Xie Z, Cooper CJ, Shapiro JI, Tian J. Na/K-ATPase signaling regulates collagen synthesis through microRNA-29b-3p in cardiac fibroblasts. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:220-9. [PMID: 26702050 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and dysfunction, which are commonly referred to as uremic cardiomyopathy. Our previous studies found that Na/K-ATPase ligands or 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) induces cardiac fibrosis in rats and mice. The current study used in vitro and in vivo models to explore novel roles for microRNA in this mechanism of cardiac fibrosis formation. To accomplish this, we performed microRNA profiling with RT-qPCR based arrays on cardiac tissue from rats subjected to marinobufagenin (MBG) infusion or PNx. The analysis showed that a series of fibrosis-related microRNAs were dysregulated. Among the dysregulated microRNAs, microRNA (miR)-29b-3p, which directly targets mRNA of collagen, was consistently reduced in both PNx and MBG-infused animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment of primary cultures of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with Na/K-ATPase ligands induced significant increases in the fibrosis marker, collagen protein, and mRNA expression compared with controls, whereas miR-29b-3p expression decreased >50%. Transfection of miR-29b-3p mimics into cardiac fibroblasts inhibited cardiotonic steroids-induced collagen synthesis. Moreover, a specific Na/K-ATPase signaling antagonist, pNaKtide, prevented ouabain-induced increases in collagen synthesis and decreases in miR-29b-3p expression in these cells. In conclusion, these data are the first to indicate that signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulates miRNAs and specifically, miR-29b-3p expression both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, these data indicate that miR-29b-3p expression plays an important role in the formation of cardiac fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Michael C Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Huilin Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey X Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jiang Liu
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicine, and Molecular and Genomics Core, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio;
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25
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Segnani C, Ippolito C, Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Dolfi A, Bernardini N. Histochemical Detection of Collagen Fibers by Sirius Red/Fast Green Is More Sensitive than van Gieson or Sirius Red Alone in Normal and Inflamed Rat Colon. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144630. [PMID: 26673752 PMCID: PMC4682672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen detection in histological sections and its quantitative estimation by computer-aided image analysis represent important procedures to assess tissue localization and distribution of connective fibers. Different histochemical approaches have been proposed to detect and quantify collagen deposition in paraffin slices with different degrees of satisfaction. The present study was performed to compare the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of three histochemical methods available for collagen staining in paraffin sections of colon. van Gieson, Sirius Red and Sirius Red/Fast Green stainings were carried out for collagen detection and quantitative estimation by morphometric image analysis in colonic specimens from normal rats or animals with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis. Haematoxylin/eosin staining was carried out to assess tissue morphology and histopathological lesions. Among the three investigated methods, Sirius Red/Fast Green staining allowed to best highlight well-defined red-stained collagen fibers and to obtain the highest quantitative results by morphometric image analysis in both normal and inflamed colon. Collagen fibers, which stood out against the green-stained non-collagen components, could be clearly appreciated, even in their thinner networks, within all layers of normal or inflamed colonic wall. The present study provides evidence that, as compared with Sirius Red alone or van Gieson staining, the Sirius Red/Fast Green method is the most sensitive, in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of collagen fibers, in paraffin sections of both normal and inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amelio Dolfi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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26
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Mutsaers HAM, Stribos EGD, Glorieux G, Vanholder R, Olinga P. Chronic Kidney Disease and Fibrosis: The Role of Uremic Retention Solutes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:60. [PMID: 26380262 PMCID: PMC4553389 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern, and the uremic state is highly associated with fibrogenesis in several organs and tissues. Fibrosis is characterized by excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins with a detrimental impact on organ function. Another key feature of CKD is the retention and subsequent accumulation of solutes that are normally cleared by the healthy kidney. Several of these uremic retention solutes, including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, have been suggested to be CKD-specific triggers for the development and perpetuation of fibrosis. The purpose of this brief review is to gather and discuss the current body of evidence linking uremic retention solutes to the fibrotic response during CKD, with a special emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G D Stribos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
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27
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Pavlovic D. The role of cardiotonic steroids in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 128:11-21. [PMID: 25341357 DOI: 10.1159/000363301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are a new class of hormones that circulate in the blood and are divided into two distinct groups, cardenolides, such as ouabain and digoxin, and bufadienolides, such as marinobufagenin, telocinobufagin and bufalin. They have the ability to bind and inhibit the ubiquitous transport enzyme sodium potassium pump, thus regulating intracellular Na(+) concentration in every living cell. Although digoxin has been prescribed to heart failure patients for at least 200 years, the realization that CTS are endogenously produced has intensified research into their physiological and pathophysiological roles. Over the last two decades, substantial evidence has accumulated demonstrating the effects of endogenously synthesised CTS on the kidneys, vasculature and the heart. In this review, the current state of art and the controversies surrounding the manner in which CTS mediate their pathophysiological effects are discussed. Several potential therapeutic strategies have emerged as a result of our increased understanding of the role CTS play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Pavlovic
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Tomaschitz A, Piecha G, Ritz E, Meinitzer A, Haas J, Pieske B, Wiecek A, Rus-Machan J, Toplak H, März W, Verheyen N, Gaksch M, Amrein K, Kraigher-Krainer E, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Pilz S. Marinobufagenin in essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism: a cardiotonic steroid with clinical and diagnostic implications. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:108-15. [PMID: 24785704 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.913604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiotonic steroid marinobufagenin (MBG) is increasingly suggested to be responsible for some of the cardiovascular injury that has been previously attributed to aldosterone. We examined the clinical correlates of circulating MBG concentrations in hypertensive patients and tested the hypothesis that MBG serves as a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS Plasma MBG concentrations (mean: 0.51±0.25 nmol/l) were measured in the morning fasting samples in 20 patients with PA and 20 essential hypertensive (EH) controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, renal function, urinary sodium and intake of antihypertensive medication (mean age: 51.6 years; 52.2% women). RESULTS Overall, plasma MBG was directly correlated with plasma aldosterone, aldosterone to active renin ratio (AARR), diastolic blood pressure, mean carotid intima-media thickness, serum sodium, urinary protein to creatinine ratio and inversely with serum potassium levels. Plasma MBG levels were significantly higher in patients with PA compared to EH (mean: 0.68±0.12 versus 0.35±0.24 nmol/l; p<0.001). ROC analysis yielded a greater AUC for plasma MBG compared to the AARR, PAC and serum potassium levels for detecting PA. Youden's Index analyses yielded the optimal plasma MBG cut-off score for diagnosing PA at >0.49 nmol/l with specificity and sensitivity values of 0.85 and 0.95, respectively, which were higher than those at the optimum AARR cut-off at >3.32 ng/dl/µU/ml. CONCLUSIONS In a well-characterized cohort, values of plasma MBG were significantly related to clinical correlates of cardiovascular and renal disease. Plasma MBG emerged as a valuable alternative to the AARR for screening of PA.
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29
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Kramann R, Erpenbeck J, Schneider RK, Röhl AB, Hein M, Brandenburg VM, van Diepen M, Dekker F, Marx N, Floege J, Becker M, Schlieper G. Speckle tracking echocardiography detects uremic cardiomyopathy early and predicts cardiovascular mortality in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2351-65. [PMID: 24700873 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular mortality is high in ESRD, partly driven by sudden cardiac death and recurrent heart failure due to uremic cardiomyopathy. We investigated whether speckle-tracking echocardiography is superior to routine echocardiography in early detection of uremic cardiomyopathy in animal models and whether it predicts cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. Using speckle-tracking echocardiography in two rat models of uremic cardiomyopathy soon (4-6 weeks) after induction of kidney disease, we observed that global radial and circumferential strain parameters decreased significantly in both models compared with controls, whereas standard echocardiographic readouts, including fractional shortening and cardiac output, remained unchanged. Furthermore, strain parameters showed better correlations with histologic hallmarks of uremic cardiomyopathy. We then assessed echocardiographic and clinical characteristics in 171 dialysis patients. During the 2.5-year follow-up period, ejection fraction and various strain parameters were significant risk factors for cardiovascular mortality (primary end point) in a multivariate Cox model (ejection fraction hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.95 to 0.99; P=0.012]; peak global longitudinal strain HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.28; P<0.001]; peak systolic and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates HRs, 4.7 [95% CI, 1.23 to 17.64; P=0.023] and 0.25 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.79; P=0.02], respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed circumferential early diastolic strain rate, among others, as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (secondary end point; HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74; P=0.002). Together, these data support speckle tracking as a postprocessing echocardiographic technique to detect uremic cardiomyopathy and predict cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent M Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; and
| | - Merel van Diepen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Friedo Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; and
| | | | - Michael Becker
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; and
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Xie JX, Shapiro AP, Shapiro JI. The Trade-Off between Dietary Salt and Cardiovascular Disease; A Role for Na/K-ATPase Signaling? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:97. [PMID: 25101054 PMCID: PMC4101451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated for some time that endogenous digitalis-like substances, also called cardiotonic steroids (CTS), exist, and that these substances are involved in sodium handling. Within the past 20 years, these substances have been unequivocally identified and measurements of circulating and tissue concentrations have been made. More recently, it has been identified that CTS also mediate signal transduction through the Na/K-ATPase, and consequently been implicated in profibrotic pathways. This review will discuss the mechanism of CTS in renal sodium handling and a potential "trade-off" effect from their role in inducing tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe X. Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anna Pearl Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Isaac Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- *Correspondence: Joseph Isaac Shapiro, Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive Suite 3408, Huntington, WV 25701, USA e-mail:
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Xie JX, Li X, Xie Z. Regulation of renal function and structure by the signaling Na/K-ATPase. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:991-8. [PMID: 24323927 PMCID: PMC5375025 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Na/K-ATPase as an essential ion pump was discovered more than 50 years ago (Skou (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1000, 439-446; Feraille and Doucet (2001) Physiol. Rev. 81, 345-418). The signaling function of Na/K-ATPase has been gradually appreciated over the last 20 years, first from the studies of regulatory effects of ouabain on cardiac cell growth. Several reviews on this topic have been written during the last few years (Schoner and Scheiner-Bobis (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 293, C509-C536; Xie and Cai (2003) Mol. Interv. 3, 157 - 168; Bagrov et al. (2009) Pharmacol. Rev. 61, 9-38; Tian and Xie (2008) Physiology 23, 205-211; Fontana et al. (2013) FEBS J. 280, 5450-5455; Blanco and Wallace (2013) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 305, F797-F812). This article will focus on the molecular mechanism of Na/K-ATPase-mediated signal transduction and its potential regulatory role in renal physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey X Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
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