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Dimou V, Tioutiountzi T, Kitikidou K. Influence of saw chain type and wood species on the concentration of wood dust in a forestry operation. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39042881 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2369786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of chainsaw chain type and tree species on the concentration of inhalable wood dust generated during motor-manual harvesting in forested areas. The effects of conducting real-world measurements of inhalable dust within the operator's breathing zone during forestry work are investigated. Two different chain types were evaluated: the commonly used 3/8" pitch chain (conventional chain) and the 0.325" pitch chain. Additionally, measurements were taken for three tree species: beech, oak, and pine (including both live and standing dead trees after a fire). Results showed that, overall, using the conventional 3/8" chain type yielded the highest concentration of wood dust for all three tree species. Notably, the highest wood dust concentration was observed in the burned Pinus brutia cluster, also with the 3/8" chain pitch. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding how chain type and tree species contribute to wood dust levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Dimou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Theodora Tioutiountzi
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Kitikidou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
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2
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Kargar-Shouroki F, Dehghan Banadkuki MR, Jambarsang S, Emami A. The association between wood dust exposure and respiratory disorders and oxidative stress among furniture workers. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:529-537. [PMID: 35729276 PMCID: PMC9211781 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to determine the effect of wood dust on the respiratory system and oxidative stress in furniture workers and to determine whether any associations exist between respiratory parameters and oxidative stress. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 furniture workers and 45 office workers as a reference group in Iran. The NIOSH method 0600 was used to determine the concentration of particulates. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was estimated via the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire. Oxidative stress biomarkers and respiratory parameters were also measured. RESULTS The mean concentrations of respirable and non-respirable dust were found to be 1.51 mg/m3 and 1.23 mg/m3, respectively. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower, while the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were significantly higher in the furniture workers than in the reference group. There were significant positive associations between FVC and FEV1 with SOD and TAC. CONCLUSION The present study results indicated that exposure to wood dust significantly increased respiratory disorders and confirmed the association between lung function parameters and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Muhammd Reza Dehghan Banadkuki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Emami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Binazzi A, Mensi C, Miligi L, Di Marzio D, Zajacova J, Galli P, Camagni A, Calisti R, Balestri A, Murano S, Piro S, d’Errico A, Bonzini M, Massacesi S, Sorasio D, Marinaccio A. Exposures to IARC Carcinogenic Agents in Work Settings Not Traditionally Associated with Sinonasal Cancer Risk: The Experience of the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12593. [PMID: 34886319 PMCID: PMC8656996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to highlight tasks and jobs not commonly considered at high risk for sinonasal cancer (SNC) identified by Regional Operating Centers currently active in the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS), which retrieve occupational histories through a standardized questionnaire. Data on exposures to IARC carcinogenic agents in work settings unknown to be associated with SNC risk were collected and analyzed. Out of 2,208 SNC cases recorded in the ReNaTuNS database, 216 cases and their worked exposure periods were analyzed. Unsuspected jobs with exposure to wood dust include construction-related tasks, production of resins, agriculture and livestock jobs (straw and sawdust), and heel factory work (cork dust). Other examples are hairdressers, bakers (formaldehyde), dressmakers, technical assistants, wool and artificial fiber spinners, and upholsterers (textile dusts). Moreover, settings with coexposure to different agents (e.g., wood with leather dusts and chromium-nickel compounds) were recognized. The study describes jobs where the existence of carcinogenic agents associated with SNC risk is unexpected or not resulting among primary materials employed. The systematic epidemiological surveillance of all epithelial SNC cases with a detailed collection of their work history, as performed by a dedicated population registry, is essential for detecting all potential occupational cases and should be considered in the context of forensic medicine and the compensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (D.D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Carolina Mensi
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Lombardy, Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Tuscany, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Firenze, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Di Marzio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (D.D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Jana Zajacova
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Piedmont, Occupational Health and Safety Department, CN1 Local Health Authority, 12037 Saluzzo, Italy; (J.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Paolo Galli
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Emilia Romagna, Occupational Safety and Prevention Unit, Public Health Department, Bologna Local Health Authority, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (P.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Camagni
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Emilia Romagna, Occupational Safety and Prevention Unit, Public Health Department, Bologna Local Health Authority, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (P.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Calisti
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Marche, Department of Prevention, Unit of Workplace Prevention and Safety and of Occupational Epidemiology (SPreSAL Epi Occ), Regional Health Authority Marche, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy; (R.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Balestri
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Lazio, Department of Epidemiology, Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, 00100 Roma, Italy;
| | - Stefano Murano
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Alto Adige Health Authority, Occupational Medicine Unit, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Sara Piro
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Tuscany, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Firenze, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Angelo d’Errico
- Epidemiology, Local Health Unit ASL TO3, Piedmont Region, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Lombardy, Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milano, 20100 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Massacesi
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Marche, Department of Prevention, Unit of Workplace Prevention and Safety and of Occupational Epidemiology (SPreSAL Epi Occ), Regional Health Authority Marche, 62012 Civitanova Marche, Italy; (R.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Denise Sorasio
- Sinonasal Cancer Registry of Piedmont, Occupational Health and Safety Department, CN1 Local Health Authority, 12037 Saluzzo, Italy; (J.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (D.D.M.); (A.M.)
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Sharma DB, Shah UM, Singh US. Epidemiological Correlates of Well Being at Work Place and Hazards Identification and Risk assessment Amongst Saw Mill Workers in Anand, Gujarat. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2021; 25:152-156. [PMID: 34759602 PMCID: PMC8559883 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_356_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The nature of the work in saw mills carries a huge risk as the workers are exposed to various life-threatening hazards. Aims: This study was conducted to know the “Work place Wellbeing” of the saw mill workers, occupational Hazards identification and Risk assessment (HIRA) including hazard communication, occupational accidents, injuries and diseases. Settings and Design: The study was a cross sectional study amongst workers of saw mills. Methods and Material: A total of 219 saw mill workers were interviewed. “Work place wellbeing”, was studied by using the “Workplace Wellbeing Questionnaire - Black Dog Institute” which includes four areas of workplace wellbeing viz. (1) Work satisfaction, (2) Organizational respect for the employee, (3) Employer care, and (4) Intrusion of work into private life. Reliability analysis was done and Cronbach's alpha was found. Association was found between the work place wellbeing and other demographic and occupational variables. Statistical Analysis Used: Proportions and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Scores of all the participants fall in the medium scale for “work satisfaction”. For “respect”, 93.6% fall in the medium scale. In “employer care” 97.7% fall in medium category. All the workers scored in the medium scale for the “intrusion in private life”. None of the scores were in low scale for any domain. Injury as an event was reported by 8.22%. Specific disease prevalence was highest for back ache as 72.1%. Hazard communication was done in 40% workers. Conclusions: We found poor working positions at work place and they did suffer from various medical morbidities at the work place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Utkarsh M Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Uday S Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Leivo I, Holmila R, Luce D, Steiniche T, Dictor M, Heikkilä P, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Wolff H. Occurrence of Sinonasal Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma and Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma in Two Countries with Different Patterns of Wood Dust Exposure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5245. [PMID: 34680393 PMCID: PMC8533857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with hardwood dust exposure. Non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is a rarer and less well-known subtype considered not to be related with wood dust exposure. We determined the relative numbers of these two tumor types in 56 sinonasal adenocarcinoma patients in France and Finland, relating them with carefully assessed wood dust exposure histories. Diagnostic workup including immunohistochemistry for the intestinal markers CDX2 and CK20 indicated that the proportions of the two tumors differed significantly between France and Finland. In Finnish samples non-intestinal adenocarcinomas were more common than intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (12 non-intestinal vs. nine intestinal), while in the French samples the reverse was true (six non-intestinal vs. 29 intestinal). Such remarkably dissimilar occurrence of these tumors in France and Finland presumably reflects different pathogenetic circumstances in the two countries, and perhaps their different patterns of wood dust exposure. In France the main source of wood dust is from hardwoods. In Finland it is derived from softwoods. This is the first systematic comparison of the occurrence of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in two countries with different wood usage. It appears to be the first systematic study on differences in wood dust exposure between intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 D 5035, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku University Central Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta Holmila
- Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (P.H.); (K.H.-P.); (H.W.)
| | - Danièle Luce
- Inserm U 1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Faculté de Médecine, BP-145, Campus de Fouillole, 97154 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France;
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michael Dictor
- Department of Pathology, Lund Hospital, Sölvegatan 25B, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Pirjo Heikkilä
- Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (P.H.); (K.H.-P.); (H.W.)
| | | | - Henrik Wolff
- Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00251 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (P.H.); (K.H.-P.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, PB 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Granulometric Characterization of Wood Dust Emission from CNC Machining of Natural Wood and Medium Density Fiberboard. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to determine the particle size composition of wood dust emission from CNC milling of natural wood and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and evaluate the associated occupational exposure risks. The paper is focused on some of the most commonly used materials in the woodworking and furniture industry, i.e., solid wood (beech, oak, and spruce) and composite materials (MDF panels). In addition to the influence of the machined material, the effect of the technical-technological parameters, namely, feed speed and depth of cut on the particle size distribution, was also investigated. The selected values of the technical-technological parameters used in this study followed the common work practice in small wood processing companies. The particle size distribution was evaluated by using sieve analysis of samples from the total mass of collected wood dust. The results demonstrated that machining of natural wood is characterized mostly by the formation of coarse dust fractions (2 mm–1 mm sieves), whilst the processing of MDF was associated with generation of fine dust fractions with a size below 100 μm. The results obtained can be used for optimizing the technological programs of CNC milling machines, thus, reducing the occupational exposure to harmful wood dust emissions in the wood-processing industry.
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Acquadro Maran D, Zedda M, Varetto A. Male and female witnesses of mobbing: Gender difference in experiencing consequences. A cross-sectional study in an italian sample. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.1877554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Zedda
- Psychology, Università degli Studi di Torino Facoltà di Psicologia, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Varetto
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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9
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Vested A, Kolstad HA, Basinas I, Burdorf A, Elholm G, Heederik D, Jacobsen GH, Kromhout H, Omland Ø, Schaumburg I, Sigsgaard T, Vestergaard JM, Wouters IM, Schlünssen V. Dust exposure and the impact on hospital readmission of farming and wood industry workers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 47:163-168. [PMID: 33073852 PMCID: PMC8114568 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It is still not well established how occupational air pollutants affect the prognosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study uses nationwide Danish registers and quantitative dust industry exposure matrices (IEM) for the farming and wood industries to estimate whether previous year dust exposure level impacts hospital readmissions for workers diagnosed with asthma or COPD. Methods: We identified all individuals with a first diagnosis of either asthma (769 individuals) or COPD (342 individuals) between 1997 and 2007 and followed them until the next hospital admission for asthma or COPD, emigration, death or 31 December 2007. We included only individuals who worked in either the wood or farming industries at least one year during follow-up. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between dust exposure level in the previous year and hospital readmission, adjusting for sex, age, time since first diagnosis, socioeconomic status, and labor force participation. Results: Asthma readmissions for individuals with low and high dust exposure were increased [adjusted rate ratio (RRadj) 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–4.40] and RRadj 2.64 (95% CI 1.52–4.60), respectively. For COPD readmission, the risk estimates were RRadj 1.36 (95% CI 0.57–3.23) for low and RRadj 1.20 (95% CI 0.49–2.95) for high exposure level in the previous year. For asthma readmission, stratified analyses by type of dust exposure during follow-up showed increased risks for both wood dust [RRadj 2.67 (95% CI 1.35–5.26) high exposure level] and farming dust [RRadj 3.59 (95% CI 1.11–11.59) high exposure level]. No clear associations were seen for COPD readmissions. Conclusions: This study indicates that exposure to wood or farm dust in the previous year increases the risk of hospital readmission for individuals with asthma but not for those with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Kromhout H, van Tongeren M, Peters CE, Hall AL. Commentary. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:513-514. [PMID: 32532844 PMCID: PMC7402456 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Community Health Sciences and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy L Hall
- Veterans Affairs, Government of Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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11
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Očkajová A, Kučerka M, Kminiak R, Krišťák Ľ, Igaz R, Réh R. Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051478. [PMID: 32106505 PMCID: PMC7084310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During production, thermally modified wood is processed using the same machining operations as unmodified wood. Machining wood is always accompanied with the creation of dust particles. The smaller they become, the more hazardous they are. Employees are exposed to a greater health hazard when machining thermally modified wood because a considerable amount of fine dust is produced under the same processing conditions than in the case of unmodified wood. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) states that wood dust causes cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and of the nasopharynx. Wood dust is also associated with toxic effects, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, dermatitis, and respiratory system effects which include decreased lung capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and allergic reactions. In our research, granular composition of particles resulting from the process of longitudinal milling of heat-treated oak and spruce wood under variable conditions (i.e., the temperature of modification of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C and feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min-1) are presented in the paper. Sieve analysis was used to determine the granular composition of particles. An increase in fine particle fraction when the temperature of modification rises was confirmed by the research. This can be due to the lower strength of thermally modified wood. Moreover, a different effect of the temperature modification on granularity due to the tree species was observed. In the case of oak wood, changes occurred at a temperature of 160 °C and in the case of spruce wood, changes occurred at the temperatures of 200 and 220 °C. At the temperatures of modification of 200 and 220 °C, the dust fraction (i.e., that occurred in the mesh sieves, particles with the size ≤ 0.08 mm) ranged from 2.99% (oak wood, feed rate of 10 m.min-1) to 8.07% (spruce wood, feed rate of 6 m.min-1). Such particles might have a harmful effect on employee health in wood-processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Očkajová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica 97401, Slovakia; (A.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kučerka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica 97401, Slovakia; (A.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Richard Kminiak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen 96001, Slovakia; (R.K.); (R.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Ľuboš Krišťák
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen 96001, Slovakia; (R.K.); (R.I.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rastislav Igaz
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen 96001, Slovakia; (R.K.); (R.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Roman Réh
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen 96001, Slovakia; (R.K.); (R.I.); (R.R.)
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12
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König M, Osnes T, Bratland Å, Jebsen P, Meling TR. Treatment of Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019; 81:627-637. [PMID: 33381366 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1694050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sinonasal adenocarcinoma (AC) is a potentially curable disease despite being an aggressive malignancy. Long-term survival can be achieved with early diagnosis and adequate multidisciplinary treatment. Our goal was to evaluate outcomes for patients with AC treated at our institution. Design In a population-based consecutive prospective cohort, we conducted an analysis of all patients treated for surface epithelial AC between 1995 and 2018. Results Twenty patients were included, and follow-up was 100%. The mean follow-up time was 89 months for the entire cohort (112 months for patients with no evidence of disease). Intestinal-type AC was found in 65%, whereas nonintestinal-type AC was found in 35% of all cases; 75% had stage T3/4 disease. Tumor grade was intermediate/high in 65%. Eighteen patients underwent treatment with curative intent (craniofacial resection [CFR] in 61%, transfacial approach in 39%, adjuvant radiotherapy in 89%), achieving negative margins in 56% of cases. Overall survival (OS) rates were 90, 68, and 54% after 2, 5, and 10 years of follow-up, respectively, and the corresponding disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 90, 73, and 58%. Age over 60 years, tumor with a maxillary origin, and microscopic bone invasion were negative prognostic factors. Radical CFR was correlated with better OS and DSS. Conclusion The high probability of achieving radicality with CFR, the low complication rate, the acceptable toxicity of modern irradiation modalities, and the promising survival rates indicate that this strategy might be considered a safe and an effective option for treating patients with very advanced sinonasal AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton König
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Osnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åse Bratland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Jebsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein R Meling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Hopitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Cellai F, Capacci F, Sgarrella C, Poli C, Arena L, Tofani L, Giese RW, Peluso M. A Cross-Sectional Study on 3-(2-Deoxy-β-D-Erythro-Pentafuranosyl)Pyrimido[1,2-α]Purin-10(3H)-One Deoxyguanosine Adducts among Woodworkers in Tuscany, Italy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112763. [PMID: 31195682 PMCID: PMC6600535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to wood dust has been estimated to affect 3.6 million workers within the European Union (EU). The most serious health effect caused by wood dust is the nasal and sinonasal cancer (SNC), which has been observed predominantly among woodworkers. Free radicals produced by inflammatory reactions as a consequence of wood dust could play a major role in SNC development. Therefore, we investigated the association between wood dust and oxidative DNA damage in the cells of nasal epithelia, the target site of SNC. We have analyzed oxidative DNA damage by determining the levels of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG), a major-peroxidation-derived DNA adduct and a biomarker of cancer risk in 136 woodworkers compared to 87 controls in Tuscany, Italy. We then examined the association of M1dG with co-exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exposure length, and urinary 15-F2t isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP), a biomarker of oxidant status. Wood dust at the workplace was estimated by the Information System for Recording Occupational Exposures to Carcinogens. M1dG was measured using 32P-postlabeling and mass spectrometry. 15-F2t-IsoP was analyzed using ELISA. Results show a significant excess of M1dG in the woodworkers exposed to average levels of 1.48 mg/m3 relative to the controls. The overall mean ratio (MR) between the woodworkers and the controls was 1.28 (95% C.I. 1.03-1.58). After stratification for smoking habits and occupational status (exposure to wood dust alone and co-exposure to VOCs), the association of M1dG with wood dust (alone) was even greater in non-smokers workers, MR of 1.43 (95% C.I. 1.09-1.87). Conversely, not consistent results were found in ex-smokers and current smokers. M1dG was significantly associated with co-exposure to VOCs, MR of 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.46-2.61), and occupational history, MR of 2.47 (95% C.I. 1.67-3.62). Next, the frequency of M1dG was significantly correlated to the urinary excretion of 15-F2t-IsoP, regression coefficient (β) = 0.442 ± 0.172 (SE). Consistent with the hypothesis of a genotoxic mechanism, we observed an enhanced frequency of M1dG adducts in woodworkers, even at the external levels below the regulatory limit. Our data implement the understanding of SNC and could be useful for the management of the adverse effects caused by this carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cellai
- Cancer Factor Risk Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabio Capacci
- Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Sgarrella
- Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Poli
- Department of Prevention, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luciano Arena
- Department of Prevention, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roger W Giese
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marco Peluso
- Cancer Factor Risk Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
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14
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Vested A, Basinas I, Burdorf A, Elholm G, Heederik DJJ, Jacobsen GH, Kolstad HA, Kromhout H, Omland Ø, Sigsgaard T, Thulstrup AM, Toft G, Vestergaard JM, Wouters IM, Schlünssen V. A nationwide follow-up study of occupational organic dust exposure and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:105-113. [PMID: 30598459 PMCID: PMC6581073 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To study exposure-response relations between cumulative organic dust exposure and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among subjects employed in the Danish farming and wood industry. Methods We studied exposure-response relations between cumulative organic dust exposure and incident COPD (1997–2013) among individuals born during 1950–1977 in Denmark ever employed in the farming or wood industry (n=1 75 409). Industry-specific employment history (1964–2007), combined with time-dependent farming and wood industry-specific exposure matrices defined cumulative exposure. We used logistic regression analysis with discrete survival function adjusting for age, sex and calendar year. Adjustment for smoking status was explored in a subgroup of 4023 with smoking information available. Results Cumulative organic dust exposure was inversely associated with COPD (adjusted rate ratios (RRadj (95% CIs) of 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99), 0.76 (0.69 to 0.84) and 0.52 (0.47 to 0.58) for intermediate-low, intermediate-high and high exposure quartiles, respectively, compared with the lowest exposure quartile). Lagging exposure 10 years was not consistently suggestive of an association between cumulative exposure and COPD; RRadj (95% CI): 1.05 (0.94 to 1.16), 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) and 0.63 (0.56 to 0.70). Additional stratification by duration of employment showed no clear association between organic dust exposure and COPD except for the longer exposed (15–40 years) where an inverse association was indicated. Subgroup analyses showed that smoking had no impact on exposure-response estimates. Conclusions Our findings show no increased risk of COPD with increasing occupational exposure to organic dust in the farming or wood industry. Potential residual confounding by smoking can, however, not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Human Exposure Science (CHES), Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grethe Elholm
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gitte H Jacobsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane M Thulstrup
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Workplace exposure to wood dust and the prevalence of wood-specific sensitization. Allergol Select 2018; 2:101-110. [PMID: 31826037 PMCID: PMC6881851 DOI: 10.5414/alx01503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood is processed worldwide, and occupational exposure to wood dust is affecting millions of workers. Studies have identified wood dust as a risk factor for non-malignant respiratory diseases consistent with both an allergic and a non-allergic origin. This paper summarizes our current knowledge on the importance of specific sensitization among subjects occupationally exposed to wood dust. Specific sensitization to wood dust exists, but is probably of minor importance for most wood species. In order to move the research field forward increased focus on more standardized tools for specific IgE (sIgE) diagnostics is needed and more specific tools are necessary to identify clinical relevant cases of wood dust sensitization. Moreover epidemiological studies on the occurrence of sIgE-mediated sensitization in different populations of woodworkers are needed.
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16
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Scarselli A, Corfiati M, Di Marzio D, Marinaccio A, Iavicoli S. Gender differences in occupational exposure to carcinogens among Italian workers. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:413. [PMID: 29587708 PMCID: PMC5870210 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many carcinogenic chemicals are still used or produced in several economic sectors. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in occupational exposure patterns to carcinogens by gender in Italy. METHODS Information about the most common carcinogens recorded in the Italian occupational exposures database (SIREP) for the period 1996-2015 was retrieved. Descriptive statistics were calculated for exposure-related variables (carcinogenic agent, occupational group, economic activity sector, and workforce size). The chi-square(χ2) test was used to verify differences between genders, and logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between gender and risk of having higher exposure levels, after adjusting for age. Concurrent exposures to multiple carcinogens were investigated using the two-step cluster analysis. RESULTS A total of 166,617 exposure measurements were selected for 40 different carcinogens. Exposed workers were only in a small proportion women (9%), and mostly aged 20-44 years (70%) in both genders. Women were more likely to be exposed than men to higher levels for several carcinogens even after correction for age at exposure, and the exposure level was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with occupation, economic sector and workforce size. The five main clusters of co-exposures identified in the entire dataset showed a differential distribution across economic sectors between genders. CONCLUSIONS The exposures to occupational carcinogens have distinguishing characteristics in women, that are explained in part by work and job segregation. Because of the presence of high-exposed groups of female workers in many industrial sectors, further research and prevention efforts are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Scarselli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy.
| | - Marisa Corfiati
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Marzio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
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17
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Prioritising action on occupational carcinogens in Europe: a socioeconomic and health impact assessment. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:274-281. [PMID: 28609433 PMCID: PMC5520511 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Work-related cancer is an important public health issue with a large financial impact on society. The key European legislative instrument is the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive (2004/37/EC). In preparation for updating the Directive, the European Commission commissioned a study to provide a socioeconomic, health and environmental impact assessment. Methods: The evaluation was undertaken for 25 preselected hazardous substances or mixtures. Estimates were made of the number of cases of cancer attributable to workplace exposure, both currently and in the future, with and without any regulatory interventions, and these data were used to estimate the financial health costs and benefits. Results: It was estimated that if no action is taken there will be >700 000 attributable cancer deaths over the next 60 years for the substances assessed. However, there are only seven substances where the data suggest a clear benefit in terms of avoided cancer cases from introducing a binding limit at the levels considered. Overall, the costs of the proposed interventions were very high (up to €34 000 million) and the associated monetised health benefits were mostly less than the compliance costs. Conclusions: The strongest cases for the introduction of a limit value are for: respirable crystalline silica, hexavalent chromium, and hardwood dust.
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18
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Microbiological Contamination at Workplaces in a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Station Processing Plant Biomass. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010099. [PMID: 28117709 PMCID: PMC5295349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbial contamination at a plant biomass processing thermal power station (CHP). We found 2.42 × 103 CFU/m3 of bacteria and 1.37 × 104 CFU/m3 of fungi in the air; 2.30 × 107 CFU/g of bacteria and 4.46 × 105 CFU/g of fungi in the biomass; and 1.61 × 102 CFU/cm2 bacteria and 2.39 × 101 CFU/cm2 fungi in filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). Using culture methods, we found 8 genera of mesophilic bacteria and 7 of fungi in the air; 10 genera each of bacteria and fungi in the biomass; and 2 and 5, respectively, on the FFRs. Metagenomic analysis (Illumina MiSeq) revealed the presence of 46 bacterial and 5 fungal genera on the FFRs, including potential pathogens Candida tropicalis, Escherichia coli, Prevotella sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.). The ability of microorganisms to create a biofilm on the FFRs was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also identified secondary metabolites in the biomass and FFRs, including fumigaclavines, quinocitrinines, sterigmatocistin, and 3-nitropropionic acid, which may be toxic to humans. Due to the presence of potential pathogens and mycotoxins, the level of microbiological contamination at workplaces in CHPs should be monitored.
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19
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Demers PA. Estimating Population Level Exposure. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 60:5-7. [PMID: 26698333 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Toronto, BC M5G 1X3, Canada
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20
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Rohr AC, Campleman SL, Long CM, Peterson MK, Weatherstone S, Quick W, Lewis A. Potential Occupational Exposures and Health Risks Associated with Biomass-Based Power Generation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:8542-605. [PMID: 26206568 PMCID: PMC4515735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120708542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomass is increasingly being used for power generation; however, assessment of potential occupational health and safety (OH&S) concerns related to usage of biomass fuels in combustion-based generation remains limited. We reviewed the available literature on known and potential OH&S issues associated with biomass-based fuel usage for electricity generation at the utility scale. We considered three potential exposure scenarios--pre-combustion exposure to material associated with the fuel, exposure to combustion products, and post-combustion exposure to ash and residues. Testing of dust, fungal and bacterial levels at two power stations was also undertaken. Results indicated that dust concentrations within biomass plants can be extremely variable, with peak levels in some areas exceeding occupational exposure limits for wood dust and general inhalable dust. Fungal spore types, identified as common environmental species, were higher than in outdoor air. Our review suggests that pre-combustion risks, including bioaerosols and biogenic organics, should be considered further. Combustion and post-combustion risks appear similar to current fossil-based combustion. In light of limited available information, additional studies at power plants utilizing a variety of technologies and biomass fuels are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Rohr
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Susan Weatherstone
- ON Technologies (Ratcliffe) Ltd., Ratcliffe on Soar, Nottinghamshire, NG11 0EE, UK.
| | - Will Quick
- ON Technologies (Ratcliffe) Ltd., Ratcliffe on Soar, Nottinghamshire, NG11 0EE, UK.
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21
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Staffieri C, Lovato A, Aielli F, Bortoletto M, Giacomelli L, Carrieri M, Romeo S, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Da Mosto MC, Bartolucci GB, Marioni G, Scapellato ML. Investigating nasal cytology as a potential tool for diagnosing occupational rhinitis in woodworkers. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:814-9. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; Treviso Regional Hospital Branch; University of Padova; Treviso Italy
| | - Andrea Lovato
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Federica Aielli
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; Treviso Regional Hospital Branch; University of Padova; Treviso Italy
| | - Martina Bortoletto
- Department of Cardiologic; Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment Unit; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Mariella Carrieri
- Department of Cardiologic; Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment Unit; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Salvatore Romeo
- Department of Pathology; Treviso Regional Hospital; Treviso Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; Treviso Regional Hospital Branch; University of Padova; Treviso Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; Treviso Regional Hospital Branch; University of Padova; Treviso Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Bartolucci
- Department of Cardiologic; Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment Unit; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences; Otolaryngology Section; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiologic; Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment Unit; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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22
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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Wagner KH, Ferk F, Jakse R, Knasmueller S. Impact of exposure to wood dust on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in exfoliated buccal and nasal cells. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:701-9. [PMID: 25958389 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood dust was classified by the IARC as a human carcinogen which causes sinonasal tumours. However, the exposure in different industries varies strongly and the risks of workers depend on the specific situation which can be assessed by the use of biomonitoring methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the workers who are exposed to low dust levels (below the permitted concentrations) with cytogenetic and biochemical methods. Micronuclei (MNi) which are indicative for genomic damage, nuclear buds which reflect gene amplification, binucleated cells which are caused by mitotic disturbances and acute cytotoxicity parameters (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, condensed chromatin, karyolysis) were monitored in buccal and nasal cells of workers of a veneer factory (n = 51) who are exposed to volatile wood-derived compounds, in carpenters of a furniture factory which use no synthetic chemicals (n=38) and in a control group (n = 65). Additionally, markers were measured in blood plasma which reflect inflammations (C-reactive protein, CRP) and the redox status, namely malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidised low density proteins (oxLDL). No induction of micronucleated cells was observed in both epithelia in the two exposure groups while all other nuclear anomalies except pyknosis were increased; also one health-related biochemical marker (MDA) was significantly elevated in the workers. Taken together, the results of our study show that exposure to low levels of wood dust does not cause formation of MNi indicating that the cancer risks of the workers are not increased as a consequence of genetic damage while positive results were obtained in earlier studies with workers who are exposed to high dust levels. However, our findings indicate that wood dust causes cytotoxic effects which may lead to inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Private Clinics Leech, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Private Clinics Leech, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Private Clinics Leech, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Private Clinics Leech, 8010 Graz, Austria
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23
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Carrieri M, Scapellato ML, Salamon F, Gori G, Trevisan A, Bartolucci GB. Assessment of exposure to oak wood dust using gallic acid as a chemical marker. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 89:115-21. [PMID: 25940655 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has classified oak dust as a human carcinogen (A1), based on increased sinus and nasal cancer rates among exposed workers. The aims of this study were to investigate the use of gallic acid (GA) as a chemical marker of occupational exposure to oak dusts, to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method to quantify GA and to apply the method in the analysis of oak dust samples collected in several factories. METHODS A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to detect GA in oak wood dust. The method was tested in the field, and GA was extracted from inhalable oak wood dust collected using the Institute of Occupational Medicine inhalable dust sampler in the air of five woodworking plants where only oak wood is used. RESULTS A total of 57 samples with dust concentrations in the range of 0.27-11.14 mg/m(3) were collected. Five of these samples exceeded the Italian threshold limit value of 5 mg/m(3), and 30 samples exceeded the ACGIH TLV of 1 mg/m(3). The GA concentrations were in the range 0.02-4.18 µg/m(3). The total oak dust sampled was correlated with the GA content with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.95. CONCLUSIONS The GA in the tannic extracts of oak wood may be considered a good marker for this type of wood, and its concentration in wood dust sampled in the work environment is useful in assessing the true exposure to carcinogenic oak dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Carrieri
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Salamon
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Gori
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Trevisan
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Bartolucci
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35127, Padova, Italy
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24
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Chirila MM, Sarkisian K, Andrew ME, Kwon CW, Rando RJ, Harper M. A comparison of two laboratories for the measurement of wood dust using button sampler and diffuse reflection infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2014; 59:336-46. [PMID: 25466763 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current measurement method for occupational exposure to wood dust is by gravimetric analysis and is thus non-specific. In this work, diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for the analysis of only the wood component of dust was further evaluated by analysis of the same samples between two laboratories. Field samples were collected from six wood product factories using 25-mm glass fiber filters with the Button aerosol sampler. Gravimetric mass was determined in one laboratory by weighing the filters before and after aerosol collection. Diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectra were obtained from the wood dust on the filter which is placed on a motorized stage inside the spectrometer. The metric used for the DRIFTS analysis was the intensity of the carbonyl band in cellulose and hemicellulose at ~1735 cm(-1). Calibration curves were constructed separately in both laboratories using the same sets of prepared filters from the inhalable sampling fraction of red oak, southern yellow pine, and western red cedar in the range of 0.125-4 mg of wood dust. Using the same procedure in both laboratories to build the calibration curve and analyze the field samples, 62.3% of the samples measured within 25% of the average result with a mean difference between the laboratories of 18.5%. Some observations are included as to how the calibration and analysis can be improved. In particular, determining the wood type on each sample to allow matching to the most appropriate calibration increases the apparent proportion of wood dust in the sample and this likely provides more realistic DRIFTS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina M Chirila
- 1.Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Khachatur Sarkisian
- 2.Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- 2.Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Cheol-Woong Kwon
- 3.Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; 4.Center for Gulf Coast Environmental Health Research, Leadership and Strategic Initiatives, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Roy J Rando
- 3.Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Martin Harper
- 1.Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
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Simon X, Bémer D, Chazelet S, Thomas D. Downstream particle puffs emitted during pulse-jet cleaning of a baghouse wood dust collector: Influence of operating conditions and filter surface treatment. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kauppinen T, Uuksulainen S, Saalo A, Mäkinen I, Pukkala E. Use of the Finnish Information System on Occupational Exposure (FINJEM) in epidemiologic, surveillance, and other applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:380-96. [PMID: 24401793 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of the Finnish Information System on Occupational Exposure (Finnish job-exposure matrix, FINJEM) in different applications in Finland and other countries. We describe and discuss studies on FINJEM and studies utilizing FINJEM in regard to the validity of exposure estimates, occupational epidemiology, hazard surveillance and prevention, the assessment of health risks and the burden of disease, the assessment of exposure trends and future hazards, and the construction of job-exposure matrices (JEMs) in countries other than Finland. FINJEM can be used as an exposure assessment tool in occupational epidemiology, particularly in large register-based studies. It also provides information for hazard surveillance at the national level. It is able to identify occupations with high average exposures to chemical agents and can therefore serve the priority setting of prevention. However, it has only limited use at the workplace level due to the variability of exposure between workplaces. The national estimates of exposure and their temporal trends may contribute to the assessment of both the recent and future burden of work-related health outcomes. FINJEM has also proved to be useful in the construction of other national JEMs, for example in the Nordic Occupational Cancer study in the Nordic countries. FINJEM is a quantitative JEM, which can serve many purposes and its comprehensive documentation also makes it potentially useful in countries other than Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kauppinen
- 1. Surveillance and Reviews, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
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Youlden DR, Cramb SM, Peters S, Porceddu SV, Møller H, Fritschi L, Baade PD. International comparisons of the incidence and mortality of sinonasal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:770-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Quandt SA, Kucera KL, Haynes C, Klein BG, Langley R, Agnew M, Levin JL, Howard T, Nussbaum MA. Occupational health outcomes for workers in the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector: implications for immigrant workers in the southeastern US. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:940-59. [PMID: 23450720 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (AgFF) sector experience exposures directly related to the work itself, as well as the physical environment in which the work occurs. Health outcomes vary from immediate to delayed, and from acute to chronic. METHODS We reviewed existing literature on the health outcomes of work in the AgFF sector and identified areas where further research is needed to understand the impact of these exposures on immigrant Latino workers in the southeastern US. RESULTS Outcomes related to specific body systems (e.g., musculoskeletal, respiratory) as well as particular exposure sources (e.g., pesticides, noise) were reviewed. The most extensive evidence exists for agriculture, with a particular focus on chemical exposures. Little research in the southeastern US has examined health outcomes of exposures of immigrant workers in forestry or fisheries. CONCLUSION As the AgFF labor force includes a growing number of Latino immigrants, more research is needed to characterize a broad range of exposures and health outcomes experienced by this population, particularly in forestry and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen L. Kucera
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke University; Durham; North Carolina
| | - Courtney Haynes
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bradley G. Klein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ricky Langley
- Division of Public Health; North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services; Raleigh; North Carolina
| | - Michael Agnew
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey L. Levin
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences; University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler; Tyler; Texas
| | | | - Maury A. Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, Virginia
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van der Beek AJ, Mathiassen SE, Burdorf A. Efficient assessment of exposure to manual lifting using company data. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2013; 44:360-365. [PMID: 23069188 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study, based on an extensive dataset on manual materials handling during scaffolding, was to explore whether routinely collected company data can be used to estimate exposure to manual lifting. The number of manual lifts of scaffold parts while constructing/dismantling scaffolds was well predicted by the number of scaffolders in the team and the type of worksite, in combination with company data of either the number of scaffold parts or the scaffold volume. The proportion of explained variance in the number of lifts ranged from 77% to 92%, depending on the variables in the model. Data on scaffold parts and scaffold volume can easily be obtained from the company's administration, since this is its usual paperwork supporting logistics and customer invoicing, respectively. We conclude that company data can be a promising source of information for ergonomic practitioners and researchers, to support assessment of manual lifting in scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, P.O. Box 7057, NL-1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Aranda A, Campo P, Palacin A, Doña I, Gomez-Casado C, Galindo L, Díaz-Perales A, Blanca M. Antigenic proteins involved in occupational rhinitis and asthma caused by obeche wood (Triplochiton scleroxylon). PLoS One 2013; 8:e53926. [PMID: 23349765 PMCID: PMC3551955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obeche wood dust is a known cause of occupational asthma where an IgE-mediated mechanism has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE To characterize the allergenic profile of obeche wood dust and evaluate the reactivity of the proteins by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays in carpenters with confirmed rhinitis and/or asthma MATERIALS AND METHODS An in-house obeche extract was obtained, and two IgE binding bands were purified (24 and 12 kDa) and sequenced by N-terminal identity. Specific IgE and IgG, basophil activation tests and skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed with whole extract and purified proteins. CCD binding was analyzed by ELISA inhibition studies. RESULTS Sixty-two subjects participated: 12 with confirmed occupational asthma/rhinitis (ORA+), 40 asymptomatic exposed (ORA-), and 10 controls. Of the confirmed subjects, 83% had a positive SPT to obeche. There was a 100% recognition by ELISA in symptomatic subjects vs. 30% and 10% in asymptomatic exposed subjects and controls respectively (p<0.05). Two new proteins were purified, a 24 kDa protein identified as a putative thaumatin-like protein and a 12 kDa gamma-expansin. Both showed allergenic activity in vitro, with the putative thaumatin being the most active, with 92% recognition by ELISA and 100% by basophil activation test in ORA+ subjects. Cross-reactivity due to CCD was ruled out in 82% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Two proteins of obeche wood were identified and were recognized by a high percentage of symptomatic subjects and by a small proportion of asymptomatic exposed subjects. Further studies are required to evaluate cross reactivity with other plant allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aranda
- Allergy Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Paloma Campo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Allergy, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Arantxa Palacin
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Allergy, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Galindo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Allergy, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Allergy, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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The Advanced REACH Tool (ART): Incorporation of an Exposure Measurement Database. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:717-27. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kauppinen T, Uuksulainen S, Saalo A, Mäkinen I. Trends of occupational exposure to chemical agents in Finland in 1950-2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 57:593-609. [PMID: 23230130 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to quantitatively estimate the long-term trends of occupational exposure to chemical agents in Finland for surveillance, prevention, and risk assessment purposes. METHODS We studied trends by utilizing the Finnish job-exposure matrix (FINJEM), which includes occupation-specific estimates of the prevalence P (percent of employed) and average level L (agent-specific units) of inhalation exposure to chemical agents at different time periods. We used FINJEM data to calculate national estimates of the numbers of exposed workers (N exp), and the prevalence of and level of exposure to 41 chemical agents in 1950, 1970, 1990, and 2008. We also estimated the prevalence of employees exposed to levels exceeding 50% of the Finnish occupational exposure limit (OEL) (P high) and national occupational inhalation exposure (NOIE = N exp × L). Future exposures in 2020 were estimated according to the predicted change of the occupational structure of the labor force and the observed agent-specific exposure trends in 1990-2008. We estimated dermal exposure indirectly from the statistics of occupational skin diseases in 1975-2009. RESULTS Inhalation exposure to most chemical agents had decreased. Using 1990 as the reference (100), the median values of P for 1950, 1970, 1990, 2008, and 2020 were 91, 149, 100, 58, and 41, respectively. The corresponding values were 218, 224, 100, 30, and 14 for P high, 151, 121, 100, 78, and 66 for L, and 119, 176, 100, 38, and 20 for NOIE. The trends varied considerably according to the agent. Exposure of, for example, asbestos, benzene, and benzo(a)pyrene substantially decreased. The annual incidence of occupational skin diseases due to chemical factors decreased from 6.9 per 10 000 employed in 1975-1979 to 4.6 per 10 000 in 2000-2009, suggesting a decrease in dermal exposure. CONCLUSIONS Inhalation exposure to most chemical agents has decreased in Finland since 1970. High exposures and the average level of exposure started to decrease already in the 1950s. The declining incidence of occupational skin diseases suggests that dermal exposure has also diminished. However, high exposures still exist and cause a substantial amount of occupational diseases and symptoms. Chemical exposures and the related disease burden are expected to continue decreasing in the future. These results cannot be generalized to other countries, particularly if the development phase of technology and the occupational structure of the labor force differ significantly from those in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kauppinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Bruschweiler ED, Danuser B, Huynh CK, Wild P, Schupfer P, Vernez D, Boiteux P, Hopf NB. Generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during woodworking operations. Front Oncol 2012; 2:148. [PMID: 23087908 PMCID: PMC3475003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposures to wood dust have been associated with an elevated risk of sinonasal cancer (SNC). Wood dust is recognized as a human carcinogen but the specific cancer causative agent remains unknown. One possible explanation is a co-exposure to; wood dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs could be generated during incomplete combustion of wood due to heat created by use of power tools. To determine if PAHs are generated from wood during common wood working operations, PAH concentrations in wood dust samples collected in an experimental chamber operated under controlled conditions were analyzed. In addition, personal air samples from workers exposed to wood dust (n = 30) were collected. Wood dust was generated using three different power tools: vibrating sander, belt sander, and saw; and six wood materials: fir, Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), beech, mahogany, oak and wood melamine. Monitoring of wood workers was carried out by means of personal sampler device during wood working operations. We measured 21 PAH concentrations in wood dust samples by capillary gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total PAH concentrations in wood dust varied greatly (0.24-7.95 ppm) with the lowest being in MDF dust and the highest in wood melamine dust. Personal PAH exposures were between 37.5-119.8 ng m(-3) during wood working operations. Our results suggest that PAH exposures are present during woodworking operations and hence could play a role in the mechanism of cancer induction related to wood dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin D. Bruschweiler
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cong Khanh Huynh
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Institute for Research and SafetyVandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Schupfer
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Vernez
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Boiteux
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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Liverseed DR, Logan PW, Johnson CE, Morey SZ, Raynor PC. Comparative emissions of random orbital sanding between conventional and self-generated vacuum systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 57:221-9. [PMID: 23065674 PMCID: PMC3567810 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional abrasive sanding generates high concentrations of particles. Depending on the substrate being abraded and exposure duration, overexposure to the particles can cause negative health effects ranging from respiratory irritation to cancer. The goal of this study was to understand the differences in particle emissions between a conventional random orbital sanding system and a self-generated vacuum random orbital sanding system with attached particle filtration bag. Particle concentrations were sampled for each system in a controlled test chamber for oak wood, chromate painted (hexavalent chromium) steel panels, and gel-coated (titanium dioxide) fiberglass panels using a Gesamtstaub-Probenahmesystem (GSP) sampler at three different locations adjacent to the sanding. Elevated concentrations were reported for all particles in the samples collected during conventional sanding. The geometric mean concentration ratios for the three substrates ranged from 320 to 4640 times greater for the conventional sanding system than the self-generated vacuum sanding system. The differences in the particle concentration generated by the two sanding systems were statistically significant with the two sample t-test (P < 0.0001) for all three substances. The data suggest that workers using conventional sanding systems could utilize the self-generated vacuum sanding system technology to potentially reduce exposure to particles and mitigate negative health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Liverseed
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Jacobsen GH, Schlünssen V, Schaumburg I, Sigsgaard T. Cross-shift and longitudinal changes in FEV1 among wood dust exposed workers. Occup Environ Med 2012; 70:22-8. [PMID: 23014594 PMCID: PMC3534253 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Acute lung function (LF) changes might predict an accelerated decline in LF. In this study, we investigated the association between cross-shift and longitudinal changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) among woodworkers in a 6-year follow-up study. Methods 817 woodworkers and 136 controls participated with cross-shift changes of FEV1 at baseline and FEV1 and forced vital capacity at follow-up. Height and weight were measured and questionnaire information on respiratory symptoms, employment and smoking habits was collected. Wood dust exposure was assessed from 3572 personal dust measurements at baseline and follow-up. Cumulative wood dust exposure was assessed by a study-specific job exposure matrix and exposure time. Results The median (range) of inhalable dust at baseline and cumulative wood dust exposure was 1.0 (0.2–9.8) mg/m3 and 3.8 (0–7.1) mg year/m3, respectively. Mean (SD) for %ΔFEV1/workday and ΔFEV1/year was 0.2 (6.0)%, and −29.1 (41.8) ml. Linear regression models adjusting for smoking, age, height and weight change showed no association between cross-shift and annual change in FEV1 among woodworkers or controls. Including different exposure estimates, atopy or cross-shift change dichotomised or as quartiles did not change the results. Conclusions This study among workers exposed to low levels of wood dust does not support an association between acute LF changes and accelerated LF decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Højbjerg Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Ljubičić Ćalušić A, Varnai VM, Cavlović AO, Segvić Klarić M, Beljo R, Prester L, Macan J. Respiratory health and breath condensate acidity in sawmill workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 86:815-25. [PMID: 23007314 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate exhaled breath condensate acidity (EBC pH) as a biomarker of airway response to occupational respiratory hazards present in sawmill. METHODS Sixty-one sawmill workers in total (26 from Sawmill 1 and 35 from Sawmill 2) provided EBC samples at the beginning and at the end of the working week. Respiratory symptoms, lung function, bronchodilator test and atopy status were assessed. Occupational environment was checked for the levels of respiratory hazards. RESULTS Airborne dust concentrations were below threshold limit value. Endotoxin in Sawmill 1 and Sawmill 2, and moulds in Sawmill 1 were at the levels able to induce inflammatory response in the airways. Mould levels were 2.5 times higher in Sawmill 1 than in Sawmill 2. Compared to Sawmill 2 workers, lower spirometry values, higher prevalence of dry cough and positive bronchodilator test were found in Sawmill 1 workers. Monday EBC pH values did not differ between sawmills, but declined after one working week in Sawmill 1 workers (from 7.88 to 7.49, P = 0.012) and not in Sawmill 2 workers. Similar results were obtained when only respiratory healthy non-smokers were analysed. Monday-to-Friday change of other respiratory parameters was not observed. CONCLUSION The results suggest EBC pH as a biomarker of acute respiratory effects related to occupational exposure to respiratory hazards in sawmills, presumably increased mould levels. The effect was present even at subclinical level, namely in respiratory healthy subjects. The long-term health implications remain unclear and should be evaluated in a follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ljubičić Ćalušić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Siew SS, Kauppinen T, Kyyrönen P, Heikkilä P, Pukkala E. Occupational exposure to wood dust and formaldehyde and risk of nasal, nasopharyngeal, and lung cancer among Finnish men. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4:223-32. [PMID: 22904644 PMCID: PMC3421471 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s30684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy exists over whether or not occupational inhalation exposure to wood dust and/or formaldehyde increases risk for respiratory cancers. The objective of this study was to examine the risk of nasal, nasopharyngeal, and lung cancer in relation to occupational exposure to wood dust and formaldehyde among Finnish men. The cohort of all Finnish men born between the years 1906 and 1945 and in employment during 1970 was followed up through the Finnish Cancer Registry for cases of cancers of the nose (n = 292), nasopharynx (n = 149), and lung (n = 30,137) during the period 1971–1995. The subjects’ occupations, as recorded in the population census in 1970, were converted to estimates of exposure to wood dust, formaldehyde, asbestos, and silica dust through the Finnish job-exposure matrix. Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated based on the prevalence, average level, and estimated duration of exposure. The relative risk (RR) estimates for the CE categories of wood dust and formaldehyde were defined by Poisson regression, with adjustments made for smoking, socioeconomic status, and exposure to asbestos and/or silica dust. Men exposed to wood dust had a significant excess risk of nasal cancer overall (RR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.38), and specifically nasal squamous cell carcinoma (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.19–3.31). Workers exposed to formaldehyde had an RR of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12–1.25) for lung cancer. There was no indication that CE to wood dust or formaldehyde would increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Occupational exposure to wood dust appeared to increase the risk of nasal cancer but not of nasopharyngeal or lung cancer. The slight excess risk of lung cancer observed for exposure to formaldehyde may be the result of residual confounding from smoking. In summary, this study provides further evidence that exposure to wood dust in a variety of occupations may increase the risk of nasal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Sie Siew
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Mazzoli A, Favoni O. Particle size, size distribution and morphological evaluation of airborne dust particles of diverse woods by Scanning Electron Microscopy and image processing program. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rava M, Marcon A, Girardi P, Pironi V, Silocchi C, Ricci P, de Marco R. Proximity to wood factories and hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 410-411:80-86. [PMID: 22018964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollutants emitted by wood industries has been associated with increased prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms. OBJECTIVES To study whether proximity to wood industries was associated with risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children. METHODS In December 2006, the large majority of the children (3-14 years) living in the Viadana district (Northern Italy) were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n=3854). Hospital discharge records for respiratory diseases (2002-2006) were obtained from the local Health Unit. The children were geocoded and the distance from their home/school to the wood industries was used as exposure indicator. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between the distance and hospitalizations. RESULTS The hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases increased with proximity to the wood industries: they were 7.55 (95% CI 5.58, 10.22) ×1000 person-year for those who lived far from any wood industry, 11.84 (95% CI 8.87, 15.81) ×1000 person-year for those <2km from the small wood factories and 16.61 (95% CI: 13.57, 20.33) ×1000 person-year for those living within 2km from the two big chipboard industries. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to wood industries is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms in children. Studies with direct measures of exposure are needed and a follow-up of exposed population is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rava
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Development of an Exposure Measurement Database on Five Lung Carcinogens (ExpoSYN) for Quantitative Retrospective Occupational Exposure Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 56:70-9. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Airborne Microorganisms, Endotoxin, and Dust Concentration in Wood Factories in Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 56:161-9. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Marquart H, Schneider T, Goede H, Tischer M, Schinkel J, Warren N, Fransman W, Spaan S, Van Tongeren M, Kromhout H, Tielemans E, Cherrie JW. Classification of occupational activities for assessment of inhalation exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 55:989-1005. [PMID: 21926067 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called 'emission generation mechanisms' and physical state of the product handled and the underlying determinants of emission. A number of (industrial) stakeholders actively participated in testing and fine-tuning the system. With the help of these stakeholders, it was found to be relatively easy to allocate a large number of activities to the Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses. The system facilitates a more structured classification of activities in exposure databases, a structured analysis of the analogy of exposure activities, and a transparent quantification of the activity emission potential in (new) exposure assessment models. The first use of the system is in the Advanced REACH Tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Marquart
- TNO Triskelion, PO Box 844, Zeist 3700 AV, Netherlands.
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Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Transport Rate byTc-Macroaggregated Albumin Rhinoscintigraphy in Woodworkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 2011:620482. [PMID: 21804940 PMCID: PMC3143431 DOI: 10.1155/2011/620482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Woodworkers in the furniture industry are exposed to wood dust in their workplaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of occupational wood dust exposure on the nasal mucociliary transport rates (NMTRs) in woodworkers. Twenty five woodworkers and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Wood dust concentration in workplaces was measured using the sampling device. 99m
Tc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) rhinoscintigraphy was performed, and NMTR was calculated in all cases. In statistical analysis, an independent samples t-test was used to compare NMTR of woodworkers and control subjects. We found that the mean NMTR of the woodworkers was lower than that of the healthy controls. However, there was not a statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.066). In conclusion, our findings suggested that wood dust exposure may not impair nasal mucociliary transport rate in woodworkers employed in joinery workshops.
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't Mannetje AM, McLean DJ, Eng AJ, Kromhout H, Kauppinen T, Fevotte J, Pearce NE. Developing a general population job-exposure matrix in the absence of sufficient exposure monitoring data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 55:879-85. [PMID: 21746731 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mer045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In New Zealand, there is a need for a comprehensive and accessible database with national occupational exposure information, such as a general population job-exposure matrix (GPJEM). However, few New Zealand-specific exposure data exist that could be used to construct such a GPJEM. Here, we present the methods used to develop a GPJEM for New Zealand (NZJEM), by combining GPJEMs from other countries with New Zealand-specific exposure information, using wood dust as an example to illustrate this process. The assessments of GPJEMs from other countries were made available to a New Zealand expert in occupational wood dust exposure, who then provided a preliminary NZJEM assessment (including the percentage exposed and the level of exposure for each occupation). Where possible, this assessment was based on New Zealand exposure measurements. In the next step, information from a nationwide workplace exposure survey of 3000 members of the New Zealand workforce was used to finalize the NZJEM assessments. The final NZJEM listed 104 of the 956 New Zealand occupational codes as exposed to wood dust. The percentage of workers exposed within an occupation ranged from 5% (e.g. boiler attendants) to 100% (e.g. cabinet makers). The level of exposure ranged from 0.05 mg m(-3) (e.g. electricians) to 3 mg m(-3) (e.g. carpenters). Of these assessments, 23% were mainly based on New Zealand exposure data, 37% on overseas GPJEMs and exposure data, and for 40% the national survey data served as the main source of information for the expert assessment. Combining the NZJEM assessments with national employment statistics indicated that 5.6% of the New Zealand workforce is occupationally exposed to wood dust, corresponding to a total of 97 000 workers (86% male and 14% female). Construction-related occupations included the largest number of exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, 6021 Wellington, New Zealand.
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Lee T, Harper M, Slaven JE, Lee K, Rando RJ, Maples EH. Wood dust sampling: field evaluation of personal samplers when large particles are present. THE ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2011; 55:180-91. [PMID: 21036895 PMCID: PMC3037778 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent recommendations for wood dust sampling include sampling according to the inhalable convention of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7708 (1995) Air quality--particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling. However, a specific sampling device is not mandated, and while several samplers have laboratory performance approaching theoretical for an 'inhalable' sampler, the best choice of sampler for wood dust is not clear. A side-by-side field study was considered the most practical test of samplers as laboratory performance tests consider overall performance based on a wider range of particle sizes than are commonly encountered in the wood products industry. Seven companies in the wood products industry of the Southeast USA (MS, KY, AL, and WV) participated in this study. The products included hardwood flooring, engineered hardwood flooring, door skins, shutter blinds, kitchen cabinets, plywood, and veneer. The samplers selected were 37-mm closed-face cassette with ACCU-CAP™, Button, CIP10-I, GSP, and Institute of Occupational Medicine. Approximately 30 of each possible pairwise combination of samplers were collected as personal sample sets. Paired samplers of the same type were used to calculate environmental variance that was then used to determine the number of pairs of samples necessary to detect any difference at a specified level of confidence. Total valid sample number was 888 (444 valid pairs). The mass concentration of wood dust ranged from 0.02 to 195 mg m(-3). Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) and arithmetic mean (standard deviation) of wood dust were 0.98 mg m(-3) (3.06) and 2.12 mg m(-3) (7.74), respectively. One percent of the samples exceeded 15 mg m(-3), 6% exceeded 5 mg m(-3), and 48% exceeded 1 mg m(-3). The number of collected pairs is generally appropriate to detect a 35% difference when outliers (negative mass loadings) are removed. Statistical evaluation of the nonsimilar sampler pair results produced a finding of no significant difference between any pairing of sampler type. A practical consideration for sampling in the USA is that the ACCU-CAP™ is similar to the sampler currently used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for purposes of demonstrating compliance with its permissible exposure limit for wood dust, which is the same as for Particles Not Otherwise Regulated, also known as inert dust or nuisance dust (Method PV2121).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekhee Lee
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Occupational health and safety issues in Ontario sawmills and veneer/plywood plants: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 2010:526487. [PMID: 21253473 PMCID: PMC3022185 DOI: 10.1155/2010/526487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A pilot study was conducted within the Ontario sawmill and veneer/plywood manufacturing industry. Information was collected by postal questionnaire and observational walk-through surveys. Industrial hygiene walk-through surveys were conducted at 22 work sites, and measurements for wood dust, noise, and bioaerosol were taken. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the current status regarding health and safety characteristics and an estimate of wood dust, noise, and bioaerosol exposures. The occupational exposure to wood dust and noise are similar to what has been reported in this industry in Canada and elsewhere. Airborne wood dust concentration ranged between 0.001 mg/m3 and 4.87 mg/m3 as total dust and noise exposure ranged between 55 and 117 dB(A). The study indicates the need for a more comprehensive industry-wide study of wood dust, noise, and bioaersols.
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Campo P, Aranda A, Rondon C, Doñia I, Díaz-Perales A, Canto G, Lisbona FJ, Pineda F, Blanca M. Work-related sensitization and respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices exposed to wood dust and diisocyanates. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 105:24-30. [PMID: 20642200 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to certain substances in the workplace may lead to sensitization and increased respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of work-related specific sensitization and respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices with occupational exposure to wood dust and diisocyanates. METHODS Apprentices (n=101) completed an occupational and symptoms questionnaire. Spirometry and skin prick tests to aeroallergens and to a battery of 14 different woods were performed in all the participants. Blood samples were collected for total IgE measurement and detection of specific IgE to diisocyanates. RESULTS Half the participants (56%) had work-related respiratory symptoms: 54% due to wood dust, 15% due diisocyanates, and 9% to both. Participants with respiratory symptoms related to wood dust exposure had a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second compared with symptomatic individuals due to diisocyanates and asymptomatic individuals (P < .05). A history of rhinitis or asthma was associated with a 2.1- or 2.8-fold increase, respectively, in the likelihood of having respiratory symptoms due to wood dust exposure. Sensitization to wood was detected in 9% of participants, all of whom were atopic with a history of rhinitis and a high total IgE level (P < .05). Sensitization to diisocyanates was detected in 2% of exposed participants. CONCLUSIONS Work-related respiratory symptoms are common in carpentry apprentices and are more frequently related to exposure to wood dust than to diisocyanates. Symptomatic participants due to wood dust exposure had a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Individuals with a history of rhinitis or asthma had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms. Sensitization to wood was more common in atopic apprentices with a history of rhinitis and a high total IgE level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Campo
- Allergy Department, Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga, Spain
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de Marco R, Marcon A, Rava M, Cazzoletti L, Pironi V, Silocchi C, Ricci P. Proximity to chipboard industries increases the risk of respiratory and irritation symptoms in children: the Viadana study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:511-517. [PMID: 19896168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emissions related to wood production processes are a recognized health hazard for professionally exposed subjects. The health effects of living close to wood industries are not known, particularly in the pediatric population. We aimed at investigating if living close to chipboard industries is a health hazard for the children in the Viadana district (Northern Italy). In December 2006, all the children (3-14 years) living in the Viadana district, where two big chipboard industries are located, were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n=3854). The children were geocoded, and the distance of their houses/schools from the closest wood plant was computed. Independently of sex, age, nationality, residential area, traffic, parents' education, passive/parental smoking, questionnaire compiler and his/her environmental concern, the children living at <2 km from chipboard industries had a greater prevalence of respiratory (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.60), cough/phlegm (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.88), nose/throat/mouth (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.75), eye (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.48) symptoms, school-days lost (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.48), and emergency (OR=2.14, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.11) and hospital (OR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.17, 4.18) admissions. There was an inverse dose-response relationship between the adverse health outcomes considered and the distance from the plants. The attributable fractions for the children living close to the chipboard industries were substantial, ranging from 13% (eye symptoms) to 27% (cough/phlegm). The present findings suggest that emissions from chipboard industries might have a serious impact on children's health status and should therefore be reduced and closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Marco
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy.
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