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Mondal I, Groves M, Driver EM, Vittori W, Halden RU. Carcinogenic formaldehyde in U.S. residential buildings: Mass inventories, human health impacts, and associated healthcare costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173640. [PMID: 38825200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde, a human carcinogen, is formulated into building materials in the U.S. and worldwide. We used literature information and mass balances to obtain order-of-magnitude estimates of formaldehyde inventories in U.S. residential buildings as well as associated exposures, excess morbidity, and healthcare costs along with other economic ramifications. Use of formaldehyde in building materials dates to the 1940s and continues today unabated, despite its international classification in 2004 as a human carcinogen. Global production of formaldehyde was about 32 million metric tons (MMT) in 2006. In the U.S., 5.7 ± 0.05 to 7.4 ± 0.125 MMT of formaldehyde were produced annually from 2006 to 2022, with 65 ± 5 % of this mass (3.7 ± 0.03 to 4.8 ± 0.08 MMT) entering building materials. For a typical U.S. residential building constructed in 2022, we determined an average total mass of formaldehyde containing chemicals of 48.2 ± 10.1 kg, equivalent to 207 ± 40 g of neat formaldehyde per housing unit. When extrapolated to the entire U.S. housing stock, this equates to 29,800 ± 5760 metric tons of neat formaldehyde. If the health threshold in indoor air of 0.1 mg/m3 is never surpassed in a residential building, safe venting of embedded formaldehyde would take years. Using reported indoor air exceedances, up to 645 ± 33 excess cancer cases may occur U.S. nationwide annually generating up to US$65 M in cancer treatment costs alone, not counting ~16,000 ± 1000 disability adjusted life-years. Other documents showed health effects of formaldehyde exist, but could not be quantified reliably, including sick building syndrome outcomes such as headache, asthma, and various respiratory illnesses. Opportunities to improve indoor air exposure assessments are discussed with special emphasis on monitoring of building wastewater. Safer alternatives to formaldehyde in building products exist and are recommended for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrayudh Mondal
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Building B, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281-8101, United States of America; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America
| | - Megan Groves
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Building B, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281-8101, United States of America
| | - Erin M Driver
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Building B, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281-8101, United States of America
| | - Wendy Vittori
- Health Product Declaration Collaborative, 401 Edgewater Place, Suite 600, Wakefield, MA 01880, United States of America
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Building B, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281-8101, United States of America.
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Neubauer Z, Forman C, Lipner SR. Reply to "A Call for Action: Formalin Exposure and Broader Occupational Hazards and Assessing the Risk of Glioblastoma in Clinician Scientists.". Clin Dermatol 2024:S0738-081X(24)00128-7. [PMID: 38986960 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neubauer
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carrie Forman
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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3
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Neubauer Z, Forman C, Lipner SR, Akbarialiabad H, Grant-Kels JM, Murrell DF. Letter to the Editor in Reply to: Reply to "A Call for Action: Formalin Exposure and Broader Occupational Hazards and Assessing the Risk of Glioblastoma in Clinician Scientists. Clin Dermatol 2024:S0738-081X(24)00127-5. [PMID: 38977162 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neubauer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carrie Forman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Akbarialiabad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Vincent MJ, Fitch S, Bylsma L, Thompson C, Rogers S, Britt J, Wikoff D. Assessment of associations between inhaled formaldehyde and lymphohematopoietic cancer through the integration of epidemiological and toxicological evidence with biological plausibility. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:172-193. [PMID: 38547404 PMCID: PMC11131035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde is recognized as carcinogenic for the portal of entry sites, though conclusions are mixed regarding lymphohematopoietic (LHP) cancers. This systematic review assesses the likelihood of a causal relationship between formaldehyde and LHP cancers by integrating components recommended by NASEM. Four experimental rodent bioassays and 16 observational studies in humans were included following the implementation of the a priori protocol. All studies were assessed for risk of bias (RoB), and meta-analyses were conducted on epidemiological studies, followed by a structured assessment of causation based on GRADE and Bradford Hill. RoB analysis identified systemic limitations precluding confidence in the epidemiological evidence due to inadequate characterization of formaldehyde exposure and a failure to adequately adjust for confounders or effect modifiers, thus suggesting that effect estimates are likely to be impacted by systemic bias. Mixed findings were reported in individual studies; meta-analyses did not identify significant associations between formaldehyde inhalation (when measured as ever/never exposure) and LHP outcomes, with meta-SMRs ranging from 0.50 to 1.51, depending on LHP subtype. No associations with LHP-related lesions were reported in reliable animal bioassays. No biologically plausible explanation linking the inhalation of FA and LHP was identified, supported primarily by the lack of systemic distribution and in vivo genotoxicity. In conclusion, the inconsistent associations reported in a subset of the evidence were not considered causal when integrated with the totality of the epidemiological evidence, toxicological data, and considerations of biological plausibility. The impact of systemic biases identified herein could be quantitatively assessed to better inform causality and use in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seneca Fitch
- ToxStrategies, LLC, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, United States
| | - Lauren Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, a Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas 77494, United States
| | - Chad Thompson
- ToxStrategies, LLC, Katy, Texas 77494, United States
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ToxStrategies, LLC, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, United States
| | - Janice Britt
- ToxStrategies, LLC, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, United States
| | - Daniele Wikoff
- ToxStrategies, LLC, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, United States
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Cui Y, Hua J, He Q, Guo L, Wang Y, Wang X. Comparison of three source apportionment methods based on observed and initial HCHO in Taiyuan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171828. [PMID: 38521281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the sources of formaldehyde (HCHO) is key to reducing the pollution of HCHO and ozone (O3) on the ground level. Using the same datasets applied to the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model by (Hua et al., 2023), the initial concentrations of HCHO were estimated using the photochemical age and the sources of observed and initial HCHO were apportioned based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and photochemical age-based parameterization (PCAP) methods. These results suggest that the source of the initial HCHO can better reflect its contribution. The secondary formation contributed to 49.3-69.1 % of initial HCHO at four sites in Taiyuan based on MLR, which was higher (7.4-36.2 %) than the contributions of secondary formation from observed HCHO. The HCHO was mainly affected by anthropogenic secondary (10.8-34.4 %) and background sources (17.4-78.7 %) based on the PCAP method. We compared the results of the HCHO sources from the MLR, PCAP, and PMF models under photochemical loss. There was good agreement among the emission ratios of acetylene-based HCHO obtained by the different methods at the four sites. The correlation analysis of different source apportionment methods illustrated that primary emissions from the PCAP and the MLR model had the greatest correlation (0.22-0.60). Secondary formations from the PMF and MLR models showed good correlations at all four sites, with R values ranging from 0.42 to 0.83. The HCHO peak of diurnal variation simulated by MLR appeared late compared to the other methods, and the difference in daily variation of HCHO from the PMF model was significantly higher than that of PCAP and MLR. The overlapping conclusions of different source apportionment methods should be considered and used to guide efforts to improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jingya Hua
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiusheng He
- Department of Materials Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Polytechnic College, Taiyuan 237016, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Kleeman MJ. Formaldehyde Exposure Racial Disparities in Southeast Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4680-4690. [PMID: 38412365 PMCID: PMC10938643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) exposures during a full year were calculated for different race/ethnicity groups living in Southeast Texas using a chemical transport model tagged to track nine emission categories. Petroleum and industrial emissions were the largest anthropogenic sources of HCHO exposure in Southeast Texas, accounting for 44% of the total HCHO population exposure. Approximately 50% of the HCHO exposures associated with petroleum and industrial sources were directly emitted (primary), while the other 50% formed in the atmosphere (secondary) from precursor emissions of reactive compounds such as ethylene and propylene. Biogenic emissions also formed secondary HCHO that accounted for 11% of the total population-weighted exposure across the study domain. Off-road equipment contributed 3.7% to total population-weighted exposure in Houston, while natural gas combustion contributed 5% in Beaumont. Mobile sources accounted for 3.7% of the total HCHO population exposure, with less than 10% secondary contribution. Exposure disparity patterns changed with the location. Hispanic and Latino residents were exposed to HCHO concentrations +1.75% above average in Houston due to petroleum and industrial sources and natural gas sources. Black and African American residents in Beaumont were exposed to HCHO concentrations +7% above average due to petroleum and industrial sources, off-road equipment, and food cooking. Asian residents in Beaumont were exposed to HCHO concentrations that were +2.5% above average due to HCHO associated with petroleum and industrial sources, off-road vehicles, and food cooking. White residents were exposed to below average HCHO concentrations in all domains because their homes were located further from primary HCHO emission sources. Given the unique features of the exposure disparities in each region, tailored solutions should be developed by local stakeholders. Potential options to consider in the development of those solutions include modifying processes to reduce emissions, installing control equipment to capture emissions, or increasing the distance between industrial sources and residential neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael J. Kleeman
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Ge L, Liu J, Kang X, Wang W, Zhang D. Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in the general population: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:8-17. [PMID: 37865348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in general population. METHODS The data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 701 participants were included. We found a positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Shu Q, Ma H, Wang T, Wang P, Xu H. Formaldehyde promotes tumor-associated macrophage polarizations and functions through induction of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:5-14. [PMID: 37944650 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) exposure has been positively correlated with many diseases including various types of cancers. However, the mechanisms of FA-related carcinogenesis are still unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in tumor microenvironment, which is a heterogeneous population consist of both pro-inflammatory (M1) and immunosuppressive (M2) cells. TAMs are deeply involved in tumor development and progression. Our previous studies demonstrated that FA enhanced M1 polarization of macrophages through induction of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. To examine if TAM polarizations are also potentiated by FA, BALB/c nude mice were inoculated with A549 cells to develop subcutaneous tumors and exposed to 2.0 mg/m3 FA for 14 days. Significant increases of both M1 and M2 polarizations of TAMs were observed in tumor tissues of FA-exposed mice. After confirmation of the potentiation effects in RAW264.7 and THP-1-derived in vitro TAM models, FA at 25 and 50 μM was found to enhance TAM immunosuppressive functions and glycolytic metabolism. In addition, FA-induced glycolysis in TAMs was reversed by a specific HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 at 5 μM, and suppression of glycolytic metabolism with a glucose analog 2-DG at 1 mM also alleviated FA-potentiated TAM functions, which indicated that FA induced TAM polarizations through the upregulation of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. These results illustrated a potential carcinogenic mechanism of FA through metabolic disturbance of tumor immunity, which could be utilized to develop preventative or therapeutic agents for FA-induced carcinogenesis and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tingqian Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peiyao Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yuan Y, Wu Y, Zhao H, Ren J, Su W, Kou Y, Wang Q, Cheng J, Tong Z. Tropospheric formaldehyde levels infer ambient formaldehyde-induced brain diseases and global burden in China, 2013-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163553. [PMID: 37100142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although air pollutions cause human diseases, no epidemiological study has investigated the effect of exposure to air pollutants on brain diseases in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between tropospheric airborne pollutants and human health risk and global burden, especially, attributable to indoor formaldehyde (FA) pollution in China. The data of tropospheric pollutants, such as: CO, NO, O3, PM2.5 or PM10, SO2, and FA in China, 2013-2019, which were derived from the database of satellite remote-sensing, were first calculated and then analyzed them according to satellite cloud pictures. The rate of prevalence, incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of the Chinese population was obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD 2010). A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tropospheric FA concentrations and GBD indexes of human brain diseases, the numbers of fire plot, the average summer temperature, population density and car sales in China from 2013 to 2019. Our results showed that the levels of tropospheric FA could reflect the degree of indoor air FA pollution on a nationwide scale in China; in particular, only tropospheric FA exhibited a positive correlation with the rates of both prevalence and YLDs in brain diseases including: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain cancer, but not in Parkinson's disease and depression. In particular, the spatial-temporal changes in tropospheric FA levels were consistent with the geographical distribution of FA exposure-induced AD and brain cancer in both sex old adults with age (60-89). In addition, summer average temperature, car sales and population density were positively correlated with tropospheric FA levels in China, 2013-2019. Hence, mapping of tropospheric pollutants could be used for air quality monitoring and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Alberta Institute, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035. China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yiduo Kou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035. China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Alberta Institute, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Ranga M, Modini AK, Nallajarla AK, Doddipalla R, Kaliyaperumal M, Goswami A. Degradants of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Under Forced Yet Mild Thermal Stress: Isolation, Comprehensive Structural Elucidation, and Mechanism. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:139. [PMID: 37349667 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to understanding the mechanism of action for a specific drug candidate, information regarding degradation pathways/products under various stress conditions is essential to know about their short- and long-term effects on health and environment. In line with that, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, a co-crystal form of the prodrug tenofovir with fumaric acid), particularly used as an antiretroviral drug for treatment of HIV and hepatitis-B among others, is subjected to primarily thermal and other ICH-prescribed forced degradation conditions and their various degradation products are identified. Upon thermal degradation at 60°C for 8 h, five different degradants (namely DP-1 to DP-5) are isolated, and their structures are unambiguously confirmed using advanced analytical and spectroscopic techniques including ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), state-of-the-art 1- and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) techniques. Among fully characterized five degradants, two new degradants (DP-2 and DP-4) are identified which can potentially impact the stability of TDF via different pathways. Plausible mechanisms leading to all five thermal degradation products are also proposed including the generation of carcinogenic formaldehyde for some cases. The present systematic structural study especially combining MS and advanced NMR investigations unequivocally confirms the structures of the degradants and opens opportunities for connecting the various degradation pathways especially for the TDF-related pharmaceutical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ranga
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Modini
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nallajarla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raju Doddipalla
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal
- Analytical Discovery Chemistry, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500076, India
| | - Anandarup Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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11
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Li B, Liu C, Zhang W, Ren J, Song B, Yuan J. Ratiometric Lysosome-targeting Luminescent Probe Based on a Coumarin-Ruthenium(II) Complex for Formaldehyde Detection and Imaging in Living Cells and Mouse Brain Tissues. Methods 2023:S1046-2023(23)00100-7. [PMID: 37348825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric luminescence probes have attracted widespread attention because of their self-calibration capability. However, some defects, such as small emission shift, severe spectral overlap and poor water solubility, limit their application in the field of biological imaging. In this study, a unique luminescence probe, Ru-COU, has been developed by combining tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex with coumarin derivative through a formaldehyde-responsive linker. The probe exhibited a large emission shift (Δλ>100 nm) and good water solubility, achieving ratiometric emission responses at 505 nm and 610 nm toward formaldehyde under acidic conditions. Besides, ratiometric luminescence imaging of formaldehyde in living cells and Alzheimer disease mouse's brain slices demonstrates the potential value of Ru-COU for the diagnosis and treatment of formaldehyde related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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12
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Collatuzzo G, Turati F, Malvezzi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure in Italy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082234. [PMID: 37190163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important and avoidable cause of cancer. We aimed to provide an evidence-based estimate of the burden of occupation-related cancers in Italy. METHODS The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated based on the counterfactual scenario of no occupational exposure to carcinogens. We included exposures classified as IARC group 1 and with reliable evidence of exposure in Italy. Relative risk estimates for selected cancers and prevalences of exposure were derived from large-scale studies. Except for mesothelioma, a 15-20-year latency period between exposure and cancer was considered. The data on cancer incidence in 2020 and mortality in 2017 in Italy were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. RESULTS The most prevalent exposures were UV radiation (5.8%), diesel exhaust (4.3%), wood dust (2.3%) and silica dust (2.1%). Mesothelioma had the largest AF to occupational carcinogens (86.6%), followed by sinonasal cancer (11.8%) and lung cancer (3.8%). We estimated that 0.9% of cancer cases (N~3500) and 1.6% of cancer deaths (N~2800) were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy. Of these, about 60% were attributable to asbestos, 17.5% to diesel exhaust, followed by chromium and silica dust (7% and 5%). CONCLUSIONS Our estimates provide up-to-date quantification of the low, but persistent, burden of occupational cancers in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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13
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Hua J, Cui Y, Guo L, Li H, Fan J, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu K, He Q, Wang X. Spatial characterization of HCHO and reapportionment of its secondary sources considering photochemical loss in Taiyuan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161069. [PMID: 36584945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays an important role in atmospheric ozone (O3) formation. To accurately identify the sources of HCHO, carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at three urban sites (Taoyuan, TY-U; Jinyuan, JY-U; Xiaodian, XD-U) and a suburban site (Shanglan, SL-B) in Taiyuan during a high O3 period (from July 20 to August 3, 2020). The average mixing ratio of HCHO at XD-U (8.1 ± 2.8 ppbv) was comparable to those at TY-U (7.4 ± 2.1 ppbv) and JY-U (7.0 ± 2.3 ppbv) but higher (p < 0.01) than that at SL-B (4.9 ± 2.3 ppbv). HCHO contributed to 54.3-59.9 % of the total ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at four sites. The diurnal variation of HCHO concentrations reached a peak value at 12:00-15:00, which may be attributed to the strong photochemical reaction. To obtain more accurate source results of HCHO under the condition of photochemical loss, the initial concentrations of NMHCs were estimated based on photochemical age parameterization and incorporated into the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model (termed IC-PMF). According to the IC-PMF results, secondary formation (SF) contributed the most to HCHO at XD-U (35.6 %) and SL-B (25.1 %), whereas solvent usage (SU) (40.9 %) and coking sources (CS) (36.0 %) were the major sources at TY-U and JY-U, respectively. Compared to the IC-PMF, the conventional PMF analysis based on the observed data underestimated the contributions of SU (100.5-154.2 %) and biogenic sources (BS) (28.5-324.7 %). Further reapportionment of secondary HCHO by multiple linear regression indicated that SU dominated the sources of HCHO at SL-B (28.3 %) and TY-U (41.7 %), while industrial emissions (IE) and CS contributed the most to XD-U (26.6 %) and JY-U (43.0 %) in Taiyuan from north to south, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Hua
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yang Cui
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Kankan Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Qiusheng He
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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14
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Zhu GS, Zheng JY, Bao Han C, Zhang H, Chang P, Kang Zhao W, He J, Xia Y, Song X, Yan H. Amino groups modified MnO
x
‐PUF applied in indoor air purification: removing formaldehyde at room temperature. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shuo Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Bao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Chang
- Beijing University of traditional Chinese medicine No. 11, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100029
| | - Wen Kang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Junda He
- Key laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
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15
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Chrobak J, Iłowska J, Chrobok A. Formaldehyde-Free Resins for the Wood-Based Panel Industry: Alternatives to Formaldehyde and Novel Hardeners. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154862. [PMID: 35956815 PMCID: PMC9369507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its carcinogenic properties, the presence of formaldehyde in resins and other industrial products has been a subject of great concern in recent years. The presented review focuses on modern alternatives for the production of wood-based panels; i.e., substitutes for formaldehyde in the production of amino and phenolic resins, as well as novel hardeners for formaldehyde-free wood adhesives. Solutions in which formaldehyde in completely replaced are presented in this review. Recent advances indicate that it is possible to develop new formaldehyde-free systems of resins with compatible hardeners. The formaldehyde substitutes that have primarily been tested are glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and dimethoxyethanal. The use of such substitutes eliminates the problem of free formaldehyde emission originating from the resin used in the production of wood-based panels. However, these alternatives are mostly characterized by worse reactivity, and, as a result, the use of formaldehyde-free resins may affect the mechanical and strength properties of wood-based panels. Nonetheless, there are still many substantial challenges for the complete replacement of formaldehyde and further research is needed, especially in the field of transferring the technology to industrial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Chrobak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jolanta Iłowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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16
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Zhang J, Sun C, Lu R, Zou Z, Liu W, Huang C. Association of childhood rhinitis with phthalate acid esters in household dust in Shanghai residences. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:629-643. [PMID: 35192054 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) have been identified to be associated with children's health. Present study was conducted to assess associations between PAEs in household dust and childhood rhinitis. METHODS Based on phase II of CCHH study (China, Children, Home, Health) conducted in Shanghai, China, 266 indoor dust samples were collected from participants' families. Concentrations of PAEs in dust samples were measured by chemical treatment and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Information about individuals and residences was surveyed by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were applied to obtain the associations between PAEs and childhood rhinitis. RESULTS Higher concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) were found in those families with children who had diagnosed rhinitis. Significantly higher concentrations of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and PAEs with high molecular weight (HMW-PAEs) were found in the positive group of lifetime rhinitis. Using the multiple and ordinal logistic regression models adjusted by covariates, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), DEHP, and HMW-PAEs were found to be significantly associated with diagnosed rhinitis. Boys who exposure to higher concentrations of DBP, DEHP, HMW-PAEs, and total PAEs have significant associations with diagnosed rhinitis compared with girls who exposure to lower concentration of PAEs. CONCLUSIONS Present observational study indicated that exposure to high concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and HMW-PAEs in house settled dust was a risk factor for rhinitis for children, especially for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchun Lu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Protano C, Buomprisco G, Cammalleri V, Pocino RN, Marotta D, Simonazzi S, Cardoni F, Petyx M, Iavicoli S, Vitali M. The Carcinogenic Effects of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:165. [PMID: 35008329 PMCID: PMC8749969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen in 2004, as of today is widely used in many work activities. From its classification, further studies were performed to evaluate its carcinogenicity. The aim of the systematic review is to update the evidence on occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cancer onset. METHODS The review, in accordance with the PRISMA statement, includes articles in English reporting original results of studies conducted on workers exposed to formaldehyde, considering all types of cancer, published from 1 January 2000 to 30 July 2021 and selected from the Pubmed and Scopus databases. The studies' quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 21 articles were included, conducted in different European, American, and Asian countries. The most investigated occupational areas are those characterized by a deliberate use of formaldehyde. Some studies evaluated all types of cancer, whereas others focused on specific sites such as thyroid and respiratory, lymphohematopoietic, or central nervous systems. The results showed weak associations with lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the need for further original studies carried out on representative samples of workers exposed to measured levels of FA. These studies should be designed to reduce the bias due to co-exposure to other carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Buomprisco
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Roberta Noemi Pocino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Marotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Stefano Simonazzi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cardoni
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Petyx
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
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18
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Nakaoka H, Hisada A, Matsuzawa D, Yamamoto M, Mori C, Kamijima M, Yamazaki S, Ohya Y, Kishi R, Yaegashi N, Hashimoto K, Mori C, Ito S, Yamagata Z, Inadera H, Nakayama T, Iso H, Shima M, Kurozawa Y, Suganuma N, Kusuhara K, Katoh T. Associations between prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and neurodevelopment in 12-month-old children: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148643. [PMID: 34198080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of problems associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and there has been a growing interest in the relationship between environmental chemicals and children's health. The objective of this study was to examine whether an association exists between occupational or environmental prenatal maternal exposure to volatile organic compounds and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children using Japanese translations of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (J-ASQ-3). An increase in the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in 12-month-old children associated with maternal exposure to formalin or formaldehyde was identified in terms of problem-solving (odds ratio (OR): 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-3.12) and personal-social skills (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.46-7.55). It is not clear whether or not this tendency is reversible, and whether it is observed past 12 months of age. Further research and a preventive approach are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakaoka
- Centre for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
| | - Aya Hisada
- Centre for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Centre for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Centre for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Shin Yamazaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Kusuhara
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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19
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Chen L, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Yang R, Bai X, Liu Z, Luo Z, Zhou M, Zhong Z. A novel dual-prodrug carried by cyclodextrin inclusion complex for the targeting treatment of colon cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:329. [PMID: 34666761 PMCID: PMC8524854 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an obvious correlation between ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer, and the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis is increasing. Therefore, the combination therapy of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs may show promising to inhibit colon cancer. 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) with anti-inflammatory function is effective for maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and may also reduce colorectal cancer risk. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays an essential role in the progression of colon cancer. Butyric acid (BA) is a kind of HDAC inhibitor and thus shows tumor suppression to colon cancer. However, the volatile and corrosive nature of BA presents challenges in practical application. In addition, its clinical application is limited due to its non-targeting ability and low bioavailability. We aimed to synthesize a novel dual-prodrug of 5-ASA and BA, referred as BBA, to synergistically inhibit colon cancer. Further, based on the fact that folate receptor (FR) is over-expressed in most solid tumors and it has been identified to be a cancer stem cell surface marker in colon cancer, we took folate as the targeting ligand and used carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) to carry BBA and thus prepared a novel inclusion complex of BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD. RESULTS It was found that BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD showed significant inhibition in cell proliferation against colon cancer cells SW620. It showed a pro-longed in vivo circulation and mainly accumulated in tumor tissue. More importantly, BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD gave great tumor suppression effect against nude mice bearing SW620 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, BBA/FA-PEG-CM-β-CD may have clinical potential in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruisheng Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongling Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Strategies for Improving the Sensing Performance of Semiconductor Gas Sensors for High-Performance Formaldehyde Detection: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a poisonous and harmful gas, which is ubiquitous in our daily life. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde harms human body functions; therefore, it is urgent to fabricate sensors for the real-time monitoring of formaldehyde concentrations. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors is favored by researchers as a result of their low cost, simple operation and portability. In this paper, the mechanism of formaldehyde detection by gas sensors is introduced, and then the ways of ameliorating the response of gas sensors for formaldehyde detection in recent years are summarized. These methods include the control of the microstructure and morphology of sensing materials, the doping modification of matrix materials, the development of new semiconductor sensing materials, the outfield control strategy and the construction of the filter membrane. These five methods will provide a good prerequisite for the preparation of better performing formaldehyde gas sensors.
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21
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Feng L, Feng L, Li Q, Cui J, Guo J. Sensitive Formaldehyde Detection with QCM Sensor Based on PAAm/MWCNTs and PVAm/MWCNTs. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14004-14014. [PMID: 34124425 PMCID: PMC8190811 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two formaldehyde detection methods are proposed by applying composite film quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. QCM sensor coated with PAAm/MWCNTs and PVAm/MWCNTs shows excellent characteristics of lower limit and high sensitivity. The lower limit of PVAm/MWCNTs is 0.5 ppm, and its detection sensitivity is 0.74 ppm/Hz. Upon working at different concentrations of formaldehyde and fabricating in different proportions, the reuse performance, gas selectivity, and response at room temperature show contrasting results. The main advantages of the two sensors presented are fast reaction, low cost, and easy manufacture. Compared to other formaldehyde sensors based on QCM, the PAAm/MWCNT- and PVAm/MWCNT-coated QCM sensors are able to concurrently show excellent selectivity, reuse performance, and high sensitivity, which is of great significance to detect the environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Feng
- School
of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liying Feng
- School
of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Li
- School
of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Shenzhen
Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- School
of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junqiang Guo
- School
of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Zuber SH, Hashikin NAA, Yusof MFM, Aziz MZA, Hashim R. Influence of Different Percentages of Binders on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rhizophora spp. Particleboard as Natural-Based Tissue-Equivalent Phantom for Radiation Dosimetry Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111868. [PMID: 34199810 PMCID: PMC8200060 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizophora spp. particleboard with the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders were fabricated and the influence of different percentages of lignin and soy flour (0%, 6% and 12%) on the physico-mechanical properties of the particleboard were studied. The samples were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and internal bonding. The results stipulated that the addition of binders in the fabrication of the particleboard did not change the functional groups according to the FTIR spectrum. For XRD, addition of binders did not reveal any major transformation within the composites. SEM and EDX analyses for all percentages of binders added showed no apparent disparity; however, it is important to note that the incorporation of binders allows better bonding between the molecules. In XRF analysis, lower percentage of chlorine in the adhesive-bonded samples may be advantageous in maintaining the natural properties of the particleboard. In internal bonding, increased internal bond strength in samples with binders may indicate better structural integrity and physico-mechanical strength. In conclusion, the incorporation of lignin and soy flour as binders may potentially strengthen and fortify the particleboard, thus, can be a reliable phantom in radiation dosimetry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Zuber
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Ab. Aziz Hashikin
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-653-3670
| | | | - Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Rokiah Hashim
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
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23
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Rana I, Rieswijk L, Steinmaus C, Zhang L. Formaldehyde and Brain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Approach. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:924-948. [PMID: 33400181 PMCID: PMC8102312 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While there is significant investigation and investment in brain and neurodegenerative disease research, current understanding of the etiologies of illnesses like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and brain cancer remains limited. Environmental exposure to the pollutant formaldehyde, an emerging neurotoxin widely used in industry, is suspected to play a critical role in mediating these disorders, although findings are limited and inconsistent. Focusing on highly exposed groups, we performed a meta-analysis of human epidemiological studies of formaldehyde and neurodegenerative disease (N = 19) or brain tumors (N = 12). To assess the biological plausibility of observed associations, we then conducted a bioinformatics analysis using WikiPathways and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and identified candidate genes and pathways that may be related to these interactions. We reported the meta-relative risk (meta-RR) of ALS following high exposures to formaldehyde was increased by 78% (meta-RR = 1.78, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.20-2.65). Similarly, the meta-RR for brain cancer was increased by 71% (meta-RR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.07-2.73) among highly exposed individuals. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not reveal sources of heterogeneity or bias. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that the oxidative stress genes superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2) and the pro-inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were identified as the top relevant genes, and the folate metabolism, vitamin B12 metabolism, and the ALS pathways were highly affected by formaldehyde and related to the most brain diseases of interest. Further inquiry revealed the two metabolic pathways are also intimately tied with the formaldehyde cycle. Overall, our bioinformatics analysis supports the link of formaldehyde exposure to ALS or brain tumor reported from our meta-analysis. This new multifactorial approach enabled us to both interrogate the robustness of the epidemiological data and identify genes and pathways that may be involved in these interactions, ultimately lending strong evidence and potential biological plausibility for the association between formaldehyde exposure and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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24
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Henault P, Lemaire R, Salzedo A, Bover J, Provot G. A methodological approach for quantifying aerial formaldehyde released by some hair treatments-modeling a hair-salon environment. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:754-760. [PMID: 33625956 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1893238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a well-known toxic agent, therefore having a highly regulated status. Despite, some cosmetic firms recently introduced high and illegal concentrations of formaldehyde in hair treatments for increasing straightening and long-lasting performances. The objective of this study was to assess how and to which extent, these products may disperse formaldehyde in the environment of a hair salon, possibly exposing the consumer and the hair professional technician to hazardous airborne amounts of formaldehyde. A laboratory room was equipped with three air pumps located at three locations: close to the heads of a mannequin, nearby the hair technician and the whole volume of the room. Pumps were connected to cartridges apt at trapping airborne formaldehyde. The latter was further quantified through an HPLC procedure.As compared to hair treatments free from formaldehyde that do not modify the airborne formaldehyde levels, products with a high concentration of formaldehyde (1.7% and 9.3%) disperse this compound in the environment to a high and hazardous concentration, detrimental to both consumer and hair professional. The brushing procedure on the hair led to a much higher dispersion of airborne formaldehyde than the hair straightening/ironing technique. To conclude, the use of hair treatments that contain high and illegal amounts of formaldehyde creates a hazardous environment to all people present within a hair salon.Implications: This methodology adopted here might be used to evaluate during conception phase the level of Formaldehyde release and be used as part of safety data for the registration. However, the present work also strongly promotes the adoption of electronic detectors (commercially available) that continuously record the aerial concentration of Formaldehyde, when dealing with hair styling products that contain legal or illegal (> 0.2%w/w) content of Formaldehyde These detectors not only cover an adequate and realistic range of aerial Formaldehyde but can be used and transported at different locations of a given space. Such a cautious measure comes from common sense as it relates to the health status of consumers and operators present in a hair salon environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rémi Lemaire
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Saint-Ouen, France
| | | | - Joel Bover
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Saint-Ouen, France
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25
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Nishikawa A, Nagano K, Kojima H, Ogawa K. A comprehensive review of mechanistic insights into formaldehyde-induced nasal cavity carcinogenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104937. [PMID: 33905780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification, formaldehyde is a human carcinogen that targets the nasal cavity. In humans and rats, inhaled formaldehyde is primarily deposited in the nasal cavity mucosa, metabolized to the less toxic formic acid, and finally excreted into the urine or exhaled. Thus, formaldehyde-induced nasal carcinogenicity may be a direct effect of formaldehyde itself, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. With regard to cytotoxicity, degeneration and necrosis of nasal respiratory cells occur in rats after short exposure to formaldehyde. Cell proliferation is increased in the damaged cells, suggesting its critical roles both in the early stages and throughout the entire process of nasal carcinogenicity. Hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and dysplasia of the damaged epithelium frequently appear as morphological precursor lesions. With regard to genotoxicity, in addition to DNA-protein crosslinks, oxidative DNA damage also occurs in the exposed nasal mucosal cells. Sustained exposure to formaldehyde may cause nasal carcinogenicity through cytotoxicity and auxiliary genotoxicity. In this review, we discuss adverse outcome pathways through which cytotoxicity can lead to carcinogenicity and the development of integrated approaches for testing and assessment for nongenotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan; Division of Clinical Pathology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-0974, Japan.
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, 467-7 Ojiri, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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26
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Manna SK, Achar TK, Mondal S. Recent advances in selective formaldehyde detection in biological and environmental samples by fluorometric and colorimetric chemodosimeters. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1084-1105. [PMID: 33595559 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde, a highly reactive carbonyl species, has been widely used in day-to-day life owing to its numerous applications in essential commodities, etc.; the extrusion of formaldehyde from these sources basically leads to increased formaldehyde levels in the environment. Additionally, formaldehyde is endogenously produced in the human body via several biological processes. Considering the adverse effects of formaldehyde, it is highly important to develop an efficient and reliable method for monitoring formaldehyde in environmental and biological samples. Several chemodosimeters (reaction-based sensing probes) have been designed and synthesized to selectively detect the presence of formaldehyde utilizing the photophysical properties of molecules. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the recent advances in the design principles and sensing mechanisms of developed probes and their biological/environmental applications in selective formaldehyde detection and imaging endogenous formaldehyde in cells. We have summarized the literature based on three different categories: (i) the Schiff base reaction, (ii) the 2-aza-Cope sigmatropic rearrangement reaction and (iii) miscellaneous approaches. In all cases, reactions are accompanied by changes in color and/or emission that can be detected by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Haldia Government College, Debhog, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721657, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Achar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanchita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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27
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Gentry R, Thompson CM, Franzen A, Salley J, Albertini R, Lu K, Greene T. Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 50:885-918. [PMID: 33538218 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1854678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is one of the most comprehensively studied chemicals, with over 30 years of research focused on understanding the development of cancer following inhalation. The causal conclusions regarding the potential for leukemia are largely based on the epidemiological literature, with little consideration of cancer bioassays, dosimetry studies, and mechanistic research, which challenge the biological plausibility of the disease. Recent reanalyzes of the epidemiological literature have also raised significant questions related to the purported associations between formaldehyde and leukemia. Because of this, considerable scientific debate and uncertainty remain on whether there is a causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia. Further complexity in evaluating this association is related to the endogenous production of formaldehyde. Multiple modes of action (MOA) have been postulated for the development of leukemia following formaldehyde inhalation that includes unsupported hypotheses of direct or indirect toxicity to the target cell population. Herein, the available evidence relevant to evaluating the postulated MOAs for leukemia following formaldehyde inhalation exposure is organized in the IPCS MOA Framework. The integration of all the available evidence clearly highlights the limited amount of data that support any of the postulated MOAs and demonstrates a significant amount of research supporting the null hypothesis that there is no causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia. These analyses result in a lack of confidence in any of the postulated MOAs, increasing confidence in the conclusion that there is a lack of biological plausibility for a causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard Albertini
- Independent Consultant, Emeritus Professor, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Bhowmik D, Dutta A, Maitra U. An inexpensive and sensitive turn-on luminescence protocol for sensing formaldehyde. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12061-12064. [PMID: 32902523 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), the simplest and most widely-used aldehyde, can pose serious health issues when present at elevated concentrations. Here, we report a "turn-on" terbium photoluminescence method for the efficient detection of FA. A pro-sensitizer molecule was designed and synthesised, which releases the sensitizer in the presence of FA inside the terbium cholate hydrogel matrix, resulting in a "turn-on" luminescence response. The introduction of a paper-based sensing approach makes the protocol simpler and cost-effective, and has a detection limit as low as 100 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Bhowmik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India.
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29
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Lin J, Zhou Q, Zhu W, Li Q, Xu L, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang X, Hu W, Li M. Formation of formaldehyde as an artifact peak in head space GC analysis resulting from decomposition of sample diluent DMSO: A GC-MS investigation with deuterated DMSO. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113361. [PMID: 32526621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During our method development for residual formaldehyde detection in a drug substance, unusually high levels of formaldehyde were detected when using a mixed solvent of EtOH/DMSO (4:1, v/v) as sample diluent in headspace GC analysis (HS-GC). Initial investigation found that formaldehyde is used in the preparation for one of the starting materials of the drug substance. Nevertheless, there is neither other source of formaldehyde in the manufacturing process of the drug substance, nor would formaldehyde be generated during the process. In the ensuing root cause investigation, it was found that once the solvent DMSO is replaced by other solvent [e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)], while keeping other method parameters unchanged in the HS-GC analysis, the level of formaldehyde in the same batch of the drug substance became undetectable (LOD: 3 ppm). All the evidence suggested that the observed formaldehyde in the HS-GC analysis might be due to the decomposition of DMSO, which could be facilitated by the presence of this particular drug substance. In other words, the presence of the drug substance (in the form of HCl salt) would cause a minor decomposition of DMSO to produce formaldehyde. To prove this hypothesis, a GC-MS experiment of the drug substance was conducted in which deuterated DMSO (DMSO-d6) was used in place of regular DMSO; the expected deuterated derivatization product, i.e., diethoxymethane-d2 (C2H5OCD2OC2H5), was observed in the HS-GC-MS analysis. Therefore, it became clear that this drug substance facilitates the minor decomposition of DMSO in the HS-GC analysis. In such a case, formaldehyde is an artifact peak, or ghost peak, rather than a true impurity of the drug substance. The false positive results of formaldehyde were also found in other four compounds (three drug substances and one reagent) which are all in the form of HCl or HBr salts, suggesting that generation of formaldehyde from DMSO could be a widely occurred phenomenon in HS-GC analysis of alkyl amines in the form of HCl or HBr salts, when DMSO-containing diluents are used during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lin
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China
| | - Wenquan Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China; Quality Research Department of API, Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, PR China
| | - Qiangming Li
- Quality Control Department of Chuannan Site, Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Duqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317076, PR China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Quality Control Department of Chuannan Site, Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Duqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317076, PR China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Quality Control Department of Chuannan Site, Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Duqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317076, PR China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Quality Research Department of API, Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317024, China; Huahai US, Inc., 700 Atrium Drive, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA.
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30
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Gong W, Zhang L, Yu Y, Lin B, Wang Y, Cao Y, Guo M. Modification of Cu
3
(BTC)
2
with Cobalt Ion for Adsorption and Visualized Detection of Formaldehyde Gas. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Gong
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Bixia Lin
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Yumin Wang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Cao
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Manli Guo
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for BiomedicineSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
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31
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Hernandez-Castillo C, Termini J, Shuck S. DNA Adducts as Biomarkers To Predict, Prevent, and Diagnose Disease-Application of Analytical Chemistry to Clinical Investigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:286-307. [PMID: 31638384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the chemistry, structure, formation, and metabolism of DNA adducts has been one of the most significant contributions to the field of chemical toxicology. This work provides the foundation to develop analytical methods to measure DNA adducts, define their relationship to disease, and establish clinical tests. Monitoring exposure to environmental and endogenous toxicants can predict, diagnose, and track disease as well as guide therapeutic treatment. DNA adducts are one of the most promising biomarkers of toxicant exposure owing to their stability, appearance in numerous biological matrices, and characteristic analytical properties. In addition, DNA adducts can induce mutations to drive disease onset and progression and can serve as surrogate markers of chemical exposure. In this perspective, we highlight significant advances made within the past decade regarding DNA adduct quantitation using mass spectrometry. We hope to expose a broader audience to this field and encourage analytical chemistry laboratories to explore how specific adducts may be related to various pathologies. One of the limiting factors in developing clinical tests to measure DNA adducts is cohort size; ideally, the cohort would allow for model development and then testing of the model to the remaining cohort. The goals of this perspective article are to (1) provide a summary of analyte levels measured using state-of-the-art analytical methods, (2) foster collaboration, and (3) highlight areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Sarah Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
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32
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Nanostructured tin oxide materials for the sub-ppm detection of indoor formaldehyde pollution. Talanta 2020; 208:120396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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33
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Catalani S, Donato F, Madeo E, Apostoli P, De Palma G, Pira E, Mundt KA, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1245. [PMID: 31870335 PMCID: PMC6929467 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde, a widely used chemical, is considered a human carcinogen. We report the results of a meta-analyses of studies on the relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to international guidelines and we identified 12 reports of occupational populations exposed to formaldehyde. We evaluated inter-study heterogeneity and we applied a random effects model. We conducted a cumulative meta-analysis and a meta-analysis according to estimated average exposure of each study population. RESULTS The meta-analysis resulted in a summary relative risk (RR) for NHL of 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.83-1.04). The cumulative meta-analysis suggests that higher RRs were detected in studies published before 1986, while studies available after 1986 did not show an association. No differences were found between different levels of occupational exposure. Conclusions Notwithstanding some limitations, the results of this meta-analysis do not support the hypothesis of an association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Catalani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, 25133, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Donato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Egidio Madeo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, 25133, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Apostoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, 25133, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, 25133, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Investigation on Reaction Sequence and Group Site of Citric Acid with Cellulose Characterized by FTIR in Combination with Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122071. [PMID: 31842322 PMCID: PMC6961030 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton fabrics are prone to wrinkles and can be treated with citric acid (CA) to obtain good anti-wrinkle properties. However, the yellowing of the CA-treated fabrics is one big obstacle to the practical application of citric acid. The changing sequence order of CA anhydride and unsaturated acid (the reason for yellowing), such as aconitic acid (AA), has not been investigated. Herein, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2Dcos), and Gaussian calculation were employed to characterize the reaction mechanism between CA with cellulose. FTIR spectra of the CA-treated fabrics heated under different temperatures were collected and further analyzed with 2Dcos. The results indicated the changing sequence order: 1656 cm−1→1784 cm−1→1701 cm−1, (“→” means earlier than), i.e., unsaturated acid→anhydride→ester. Moreover, a change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) showed that trans-AA (ΔG = −22.10 kJ/mol) is more thermodynamically favorable to be formed than CA anhydride 1 (ΔG = −0.90 kJ/mol), which was proved by Gaussian computational modeling. By taking cellobiose as a model of cellulose, the ΔG results proved that O(6)–H(6) on the glucose ring is the most likely hydroxyl to react with anhydride originated from CA or AA, especially with the terminal carbonyl group.
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35
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Southwood M, Krenz T, Cant N, Maurya M, Gazdova J, Maxwell P, McGready C, Moseley E, Hughes S, Stewart P, Salto-Tellez M, Groelz D, Rassl D. Systematic evaluation of PAXgene® tissue fixation for the histopathological and molecular study of lung cancer. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 6:40-54. [PMID: 31571426 PMCID: PMC6966705 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Whilst adequate for most existing pathological tests, formalin is generally considered a poor DNA preservative and use of alternative fixatives may prove advantageous for molecular testing of tumour material; an increasingly common approach to identify targetable driver mutations in lung cancer patients. We collected paired PAXgene® tissue-fixed and formalin-fixed samples of block-sized tumour and lung parenchyma, Temno-needle core tumour biopsies and fine needle tumour aspirates (FNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer resection specimens. Traditionally processed formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded (FFPE) samples were compared to paired PAXgene® tissue fixed paraffin-embedded (PFPE) samples. We evaluated suitability for common laboratory tests (H&E staining and immunohistochemistry) and performance for downstream molecular investigations relevant to lung cancer, including RT-PCR and next generation DNA sequencing (NGS). Adequate and comparable H&E staining was seen in all sample types and nuclear staining was preferable in PAXgene® fixed Temno tumour biopsies and tumour FNA samples. Immunohistochemical staining was broadly comparable. PFPE samples enabled greater yields of less-fragmented DNA than FFPE comparators. PFPE samples were also superior for PCR and NGS performance, both in terms of quality control metrics and for variant calling. Critically we identified a greater number of genetic variants in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene when using PFPE samples and the Ingenuity® Variant Analysis pipeline. In summary, PFPE samples are adequate for histopathological diagnosis and suitable for the majority of existing laboratory tests. PAXgene® fixation is superior for DNA and RNA integrity, particularly in low-yield samples and facilitates improved NGS performance, including the detection of actionable lung cancer mutations for precision medicine in lung cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Southwood
- Pathology Research, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz Krenz
- Sample Technologies Department, QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany
| | - Natasha Cant
- Sample Technologies Department, QIAGEN Ltd., Manchester, UK
| | - Manisha Maurya
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jana Gazdova
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Perry Maxwell
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Claire McGready
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ellen Moseley
- Pathology Research, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Hughes
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Stewart
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel Groelz
- Sample Technologies Department, QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany
| | - Doris Rassl
- Pathology Research, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Du T, Chen K, Zheng S, Bao M, Huang Y, Wu K. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2262-2273. [PMID: 31436869 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is increasing all over the world, but whether it is an independent factor affecting the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is inconsistent in many studies. We aimed to explore the association between alcohol consumption and NPC risk by integrating existing evidence in a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched for relevant articles published up to August 2018 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks were pooled to estimate the associations between alcohol consumption and NPC risk. RESULTS The meta-analysis of cohort studies showed no significant association between alcohol consumption and NPC, but pooled results from case-control studies indicated that ever drinking increased the probability of NPC versus nondrinking (OR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.19). As compared with nondrinkers, high-frequency drinking (≥7 times/wk) increased the NPC probability (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.53) and low-frequency drinking (<7 times/wk) decreased the probability (OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94), as did shorter duration of drinking (<20 years) (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.79). On subgroup analyses, significant pooled results were observed for studies with high quality, with hospital-based controls and with adjustment for confounding factors, smoking, age, and sex. CONCLUSIONS The risk of NPC may increase with alcohol consumption. Ever drinking increased the risk versus nondrinking. Additionally, high-frequency drinking increased the risk, but low-frequency drinking decreased it to some extent. Further intensive studies based on well-designed methods are needed to examine the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Du
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kangkang Chen
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mian Bao
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanni Huang
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- From the, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Formaldehyde inhibits UV-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104687. [PMID: 31614172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is widely known to cause DNA damage. Recently, our study showed that FA can also inhibit a repair process of DNA damage, nucleotide excision repair (NER). DNA damage response (DDR) involving activation of phosphorylation pathways is important for the accuracy of the repair process, and the inhibition of the accurate repair would raise mutation rate, leading to cancer. We herein investigated whether FA influences phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), an intermediate player of DDR signaling pathways. Human keratinocytes HaCaT were treated with FA and then exposed to UV known to generate clear γ-H2AX signal. UV-induced γ-H2AX was inhibited by FA in a dose-dependent manner. The repair of pyrimidine dimers was inhibited by FA, while the recruitments of γ-H2AX-related proteins, Mre11 and 53BP1, to damaged sites were also delayed. Mre11, Nbs-1, H2AX and ATM were not degraded after treatment with FA as opposed to NER-related protein, TFIIH. On the other hand, FA inhibited phosphorylation of ATM which acts upstream of γ-H2AX. These results suggest that FA can affect the repair of DNA damage via inhibition of the phosphorylation pathways of H2AX.
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Liu C, Zhang R, Zhang W, Liu J, Wang YL, Du Z, Song B, Xu ZP, Yuan J. “Dual-Key-and-Lock” Ruthenium Complex Probe for Lysosomal Formaldehyde in Cancer Cells and Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8462-8472. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhongbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Möhner M, Liu Y, Marsh GM. New insights into the mortality risk from nasopharyngeal cancer in the national cancer institute formaldehyde worker cohort study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30828355 PMCID: PMC6383225 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-019-0224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indications were found that a diagnostic bias could have contributed to the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) suggestion of a persistent increased mortality risk for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Methods NCI provided the cohort data updated through 2004. We computed local county rate-based standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for NPC and all other entities of the pharynx for two time periods. Moreover, SMRs were calculated for pharyngeal cancer in relation to study site by cumulative exposure to formaldehyde (FA). Results Overall, our results corroborate the indications of a diagnostic bias by strong but contrary temporal trends for NPC and pharynx, not specified. Moreover, it was shown that mortality risks were increased in the Wallingford cohort for all pharyngeal cancer combined and for pharyngeal cancer excluding NPC. In contrast, no increased risks for these categories were found in the nine other study sites combined. Conclusions Our re-analysis provided little or no evidence to support NCI's suggestion of a persistent association between FA exposure and mortality from NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Möhner
- 1Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimeng Liu
- 2Center for Occupational Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, 7120 Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Gary M Marsh
- 2Center for Occupational Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, 7120 Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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40
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Williams RA. Economic benefit-cost implications of the LNT model. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:141-145. [PMID: 30763554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Williams
- The Mercatus Center at George Mason University, 3434 Washington Boulevard, 4th Floor, Arlington VA, 22201, United States; The Center for Growth and Oppportunity Utah State University, 3525 Old Main Hill Logan, UT, 84322-3525, United States.
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41
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Xin F, Tian Y, Gao C, Guo B, Wu Y, Zhao J, Jing J, Zhang X. A two-photon fluorescent probe for basal formaldehyde imaging in zebrafish and visualization of mitochondrial damage induced by FA stress. Analyst 2019; 144:2297-2303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A two-photon fluorescence probe Mito-FA-FP can monitor mitochondrial morphology change and image endogenous FA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Yong Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Congcong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Bingpeng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Yulong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Junfang Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Analytical and Testing Centre
- Beijing Institute of Technology
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Ji C, Ma L, Chen H, Cai Y, Zhao X, Yin M. Perylene-Based Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Acid-Enhanced Detection of Formaldehyde in Lysosome. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:555-561. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chendong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Xujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
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43
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The selective adsorption of formaldehyde and methanol over Al- or Si-decorated graphene oxide: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kwon SC, Kim I, Song J, Park J. Does formaldehyde have a causal association with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia? Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:5. [PMID: 29423228 PMCID: PMC5791191 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The South Korean criteria for occupational diseases were amended in July 2013. These criteria included formaldehyde as a newly defined occupational carcinogen, based on cases of "leukemia or nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure". This inclusion was based on the Internal Agency for Research on Cancer classification, which classified formaldehyde as definite human carcinogen for nasopharyngeal cancer in 2004 and leukemia in 2012. METHODS We reviewed reports regarding the causal relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde in Korea and the development of these cancers, in order to determine whether these cases were work-related. RESULTS Previous reports regarding excess mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure seemed to be influenced by excess mortality from a single plant. The recent meta-risk for nasopharyngeal cancer was significantly increased in case-control studies, but was null for cohort studies (excluding unexplained clusters of nasopharyngeal cancers). A recent analysis of the largest industrial cohort revealed elevated risks of both leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma at the peak formaldehyde exposure, and both cancers exhibited significant dose-response relationships. A nested case-control study of embalmers revealed that mortality from myeloid leukemia increased significantly with increasing numbers of embalms and with increasing formaldehyde exposure. The recent meta-risks for all leukemia and myeloid leukemia increased significantly. In South Korea, a few cases were considered occupational cancers as a result of mixed exposures to various chemicals (e.g., benzene), although no cases were compensated for formaldehyde exposure. The peak formaldehyde exposure levels in Korea were 2.70-14.8 ppm in a small number of specialized studies, which considered anatomy students, endoscopy employees who handled biopsy specimens, and manufacturing workers who were exposed to high temperatures. CONCLUSION Additional evidence is needed to confirm the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer. All lymphohematopoietic malignancies, including leukemia, should be considered in cases with occupational formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Chan Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangshimni-ro, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsun Park
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Mundt KA, Gentry PR, Dell LD, Rodricks JV, Boffetta P. Six years after the NRC review of EPA's Draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Formaldehyde: Regulatory implications of new science in evaluating formaldehyde leukemogenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:472-490. [PMID: 29158043 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that formaldehyde causes leukemia, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its Draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Formaldehyde ("Draft IRIS Assessment"), also concluding that formaldehyde causes leukemia. Peer review of the Draft IRIS Assessment by a National Academy of Science committee noted that "causal determinations are not supported by the narrative provided in the draft" (NRC 2011). They offered recommendations for improving the Draft IRIS assessment and identified several important research gaps. Over the six years since the NRC peer review, significant new science has been published. We identify and summarize key recommendations made by NRC and map them to this new science, including extended analysis of epidemiological studies, updates of earlier occupational cohort studies, toxicological experiments using a sensitive mouse strain, mechanistic studies examining the role of exogenous versus endogenous formaldehyde in bone marrow, and several critical reviews. With few exceptions, new findings are consistently negative, and integration of all available evidence challenges the earlier conclusions that formaldehyde causes leukemia. Given formaldehyde's commercial importance, environmental ubiquity and endogenous production, accurate hazard classification and risk evaluation of whether exposure to formaldehyde from occupational, residential and consumer products causes leukemia are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Mundt
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States.
| | - P Robinan Gentry
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States
| | - Linda D Dell
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Turner MC, Benke G, Bowman JD, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Interactions between occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and chemicals for brain tumour risk in the INTEROCC study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:802-809. [PMID: 28600451 PMCID: PMC8640944 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In absence of clear evidence regarding possible effects of occupational chemical exposures on brain tumour aetiology, it is worthwhile to explore the hypothesis that such exposures might act on brain tumour risk in interaction with occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF). METHODS INTEROCC is a seven-country (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand and UK), population-based, case-control study, based on the larger INTERPHONE study. Incident cases of primary glioma and meningioma were ascertained from 2000 to 2004. Job titles were coded into standard international occupational classifications and estimates of ELF and chemical exposures were assigned based on job-exposure matrices. Dichotomous indicators of cumulative ELF (≥50th vs <50th percentile, 1-4 year exposure time window) and chemical exposures (ever vs never, 5-year lag) were created. Interaction was assessed on both the additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS A total of 1939 glioma cases, 1822 meningioma cases and 5404 controls were included in the analysis, using conditional logistic regression. There was no clear evidence for interactions between ELF and any of the chemical exposures assessed for either glioma or meningioma risk. For glioma, subjects in the low ELF/metal exposed group had a lower risk than would be predicted from marginal effects. Results were similar according to different exposure time windows, to cut-points of exposure or in exposed-only analyses. CONCLUSIONS There was no clear evidence for interactions between occupational ELF and chemical exposures in relation to glioma or meningioma risk observed. Further research with more refined estimates of occupational exposures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Joseph D Bowman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Xu M, Tang H, Rong Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao L, Ye G, Shi F, Lv C. The Effects of Formaldehyde on Cytochrome P450 Isoform Activity in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6525474. [PMID: 28555194 PMCID: PMC5438837 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6525474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is an occupational and indoor pollutant. Long-term exposure to FA can irritate the respiratory mucosa, with potential carcinogenic effects on the airways. The effects of acute FA poisoning on the activities of CYP450 isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 were assessed by determining changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the probe drugs phenacetin, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone, respectively. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, low FA dose (exposure to 110 ppm for 2 h for 3 days), and high FA dose (exposure to 220 ppm for 2 h for 3 days). A mixture of the four probe drugs was injected into rats and blood samples were taken at a series of time points. Plasma concentrations of the probe drugs were measured by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2, AUC(0-t), and Cmax of tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone increased significantly in the high dose versus control group (P < 0.05), whereas the CL of chlorzoxazone and testosterone decreased significantly (P < 0.05). However, t1/2, AUC(0-t), and Cmax of phenacetin decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the CL of phenacetin increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Thus, acute FA poisoning suppressed the activities of CYP2C11, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 and induced the activity of CYP1A2 in rats. And the change of CYP450 activity caused by acute FA poisoning may be associated with FA potential carcinogenic effects on the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Rong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Bruemmer K, Walvoord RR, Brewer TF, Burgos-Barragan G, Wit N, Pontel LB, Patel KJ, Chang CJ. Development of a General Aza-Cope Reaction Trigger Applied to Fluorescence Imaging of Formaldehyde in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5338-5350. [PMID: 28375637 PMCID: PMC5501373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a reactive signaling molecule that is continuously produced through a number of central biological pathways spanning epigenetics to one-carbon metabolism. On the other hand, aberrant, elevated levels of FA are implicated in disease states ranging from asthma to neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, fluorescence-based probes for FA imaging are emerging as potentially powerful chemical tools to help disentangle the complexities of FA homeostasis and its physiological and pathological contributions. Currently available FA indicators require direct modification of the fluorophore backbone through complex synthetic considerations to enable FA detection, often limiting the generalization of designs to other fluorophore classes. To address this challenge, we now present the rational, iterative development of a general reaction-based trigger utilizing 2-aza-Cope reactivity for selective and sensitive detection of FA in living systems. Specifically, we developed a homoallylamine functionality that can undergo a subsequent self-immolative β-elimination, creating a FA-responsive trigger that is capable of masking a phenol on a fluorophore or any other potential chemical scaffold for related imaging and/or therapeutic applications. We demonstrate the utility of this trigger by creating a series of fluorescent probes for FA with excitation and emission wavelengths that span the UV to visible spectral regions through caging of a variety of dye units. In particular, Formaldehyde Probe 573 (FAP573), based on a resorufin scaffold, is the most red-shifted and FA sensitive in this series in terms of signal-to-noise responses and enables identification of alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) as an enzyme that regulates FA metabolism in living cells. The results provide a starting point for the broader use of 2-aza-Cope reactivity for probing and manipulating FA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin
J. Bruemmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan R. Walvoord
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas F. Brewer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Niek Wit
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas B. Pontel
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan J. Patel
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Department
of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Carioli G, Negri E, Kawakita D, Garavello W, La Vecchia C, Malvezzi M. Global trends in nasopharyngeal cancer mortality since 1970 and predictions for 2020: Focus on low-risk areas. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2256-2264. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Epidemiology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan 20156 Italy
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Nagoya Japan
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca; Milan Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Universitá degli Studi di Milano; Milan 20133 Italy
- Department of Epidemiology; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan 20156 Italy
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50
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Rottenberg Y, Levine H, Keinan-Boker L, Derazne E, Leiba A, Kark JD. Risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma penetrates across immigrant generations: A migrant cohort study of 2.3 million Jewish Israeli adolescents. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1060-1067. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakir Rottenberg
- The Department of Oncology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
- The Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine; Ein Kerem Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Estela Derazne
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces; Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Adi Leiba
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Medicine; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Israel >Hashomer
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps; Israel
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine; Ein Kerem Jerusalem Israel
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