1
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Yan Y, Ryu Y, Dechant B, Li B, Kim J. Dark respiration explains nocturnal stomatal conductance in rice regardless of drought and nutrient stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3748-3759. [PMID: 37651619 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The ecological mechanism underlying nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsn ) in C3 and C4 plants remains elusive. In this study, we proposed a 'coordinated leaf trait' hypothesis to explain gsn in rice plants. We conducted an open-field experiment by applying drought, nutrient stress and the combined drought-nutrient stress. We found that gsn was neither strongly reduced by drought nor consistently increased by nutrient stress. With the aforementioned multiple abiotic stressors considered as random effects, gsn exhibited a strong positive correlation with dark respiration (Rn ). Notably, gsn primed early morning (5:00-7:00) photosynthesis through faster stomatal response time. This photosynthesis priming effect diminished after mid-morning (9:00). Leaves were cooled by gsn -derived transpiration. However, our results clearly suggest that evaporative cooling did not reduce dark respiration cost. Our results indicate that gsn is more closely related to carbon respiration and assimilation than water and nutrient availability, and that dark respiration can explain considerable variation of gsn .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bolun Li
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Chen W, Wang S, Wang J, Xia J, Luo Y, Yu G, Niu S. Evidence for widespread thermal optimality of ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1379-1387. [PMID: 37488227 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem respiration (ER) is among the largest carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Understanding the temperature response of ER is crucial for predicting the climate change-carbon cycle feedback. However, whether there is an apparent optimum temperature of ER ([Formula: see text]) and how it changes with temperature remain poorly understood. Here we analyse the temperature response curves of ER at 212 sites from global FLUXNET. We find that ER at 183 sites shows parabolic temperature response curves and [Formula: see text] at which ER reaches the maximum exists widely across biomes around the globe. Among the 15 biotic and abiotic variables examined, [Formula: see text] is mostly related to the optimum temperature of gross primary production (GPP, [Formula: see text]) and annual maximum daily temperature (Tmax). In addition, [Formula: see text] linearly increases with Tmax across sites and over vegetation types, suggesting its thermal adaptation. The adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text], which is measured by the change in [Formula: see text] per unit change in Tmax, is positively correlated with the adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text]. This study provides evidence of the widespread existence of [Formula: see text] and its thermal adaptation with Tmax across different biomes around the globe. Our findings suggest that carbon cycle models that consider the existence of [Formula: see text] and its adaptation have the potential to more realistically predict terrestrial carbon sequestration in a world with changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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3
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Perera-Castro AV, Flexas J. The ratio of electron transport to assimilation (ETR/A N): underutilized but essential for assessing both equipment's proper performance and plant status. PLANTA 2023; 257:29. [PMID: 36592261 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETR/AN ratios should be in the range 7.5-10.5 for non-stressed C3 plants. Ratios extremely out of this range can be reflecting both uncontrolled plant status and technical mistakes during measurements. We urge users to explicitly refer to this ratio in future studies as a proof for internal data quality control. For the last few decades, the use of infra-red gas-exchange analysers (IRGAs) coupled with chlorophyll fluorometers that allow for measurements of net CO2 assimilation rate and estimates of electron transport rate over the same leaf area has been popularized. The evaluation of data from both instruments in an integrative manner can result in additional valuable information, such as the estimation of the light respiration, mesophyll conductance and the partitioning of the flux of electrons into carboxylation, oxygenation and alternative processes, among others. In this review, an additional and more 'straight' use of the combination of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange-derived parameters is presented, namely using the direct ratio between two fully independently estimated parameters, electron transport rate (ETR)-determined by the fluorometer-and net CO2 assimilation rate (AN)-determined by the IRGA, i.e., the ETR/AN ratio, as a tool for fast detection of incongruencies in the data and potential technical problems associated with them, while checking for the study plant's status. To illustrate this application, a compilation of 75 studies that reported both parameters for a total of 178 species under varying physiological status is presented. Values of ETR/AN between 7.5 and 10.5 were most frequently found for non-stressed C3 plants. C4 species showed an average ETR/AN ratio of 4.7. The observed ratios were larger for species with high leaf mass per area and for plants subjected to stressful factors like drought or nutritional deficit. Knowing the expected ETR/AN ratio projects this ratio as a routinary and rapid check point for guaranteeing both the correct performance of equipment and the optimal/stress status of studied plants. All known errors associated with the under- or overestimation of ETR or AN are summarized in a checklist that aims to be routinely used by any IRGA/fluorometer user to strength the validity of their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, S/N, 38200, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), Universitat de LES Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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4
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MoBiMS: A modular miniature mass analyzer for the real-time monitoring of gases and volatile compounds in biological systems. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Signori‐Müller C, Oliveira RS, Valentim Tavares J, Carvalho Diniz F, Gilpin M, de V. Barros F, Marca Zevallos MJ, Salas Yupayccana CA, Nina A, Brum M, Baker TR, Cosio EG, Malhi Y, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Phillips OL, Rowland L, Salinas N, Vasquez R, Mencuccini M, Galbraith D. Variation of non‐structural carbohydrates across the fast–slow continuum in Amazon Forest canopy trees. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Signori‐Müller
- Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda de V. Barros
- Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Manuel J. Marca Zevallos
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Perú
| | | | - Alex Nina
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Perú
| | - Mauro Brum
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | | | - Eric G. Cosio
- Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Peru
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Rowland
- Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Peru
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Dong Y, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. Effects of microplastic on arsenic accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a freshwater environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124232. [PMID: 33087286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii plays a critical role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic (As) and purification of water bodies contaminated with As. We investigated the effects of microplastic pollution on the ability of C. reinhardtii to accumulate As. We revealed that different sized [100 nm (S) and 5 µm (L)] polystyrene microplastics (PSMP) at different concentrations (50 and 100 mg L-1) interacted with the phospholipid structure in C. reinhardtii. Dispersion forces disrupted the structure and function of membrane proteins, reducing the accumulation and efflux of As(III) and inhibiting the As(V)-As(III)-MMA-DMA detoxification process in C. reinhardtii cells. The maximum As accumulation rates of C. reinhardtii in the control groups, L50, L100, S50, and S100 treatments were 53.71, 50.95, 48.42, 43.83, and 39.11 μg g-1 h-1, respectively. Further, PSMPs and As(III) triggered "oxidative bursts" in cells, damaging cell membranes and reducing chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity. As a result, photosynthesis, respiration, and growth were inhibited. When compared with an absence of PSMP, the addition of L- (S-) sized PSMP to the As-containing solution would result in a lower (higher) impact on C. reinhardtii. Overall, this study demonstrated that microplastics significantly affect As accumulation in C. reinhardtii. Our results indicate that the critical role of this algal species in As cycling in earth's pedo- and hydrosphere may be impeded by microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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7
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Getnet D, Negash M. Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of khat ( Catha edulis)-stimulate grown in agroforestry of Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05839. [PMID: 33474506 PMCID: PMC7803641 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Khat plant (Catha edulis Forsk) is an evergreen perennial cash crop cultivated in east Africa, southwest Arabia, and Madagascar. The plant is known for its production of stimulant fresh leaves, and expanding as expense of other land uses for its short-term financial returns. We, therefore, developed allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon (C) removal of khat grown in farmlands of Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 31 plant individuals were harvested destructively on the basis of their diameters and age ranges. The equations were parametrized using biometric variables such as basal diameter (d10), diameter at breast height (d), dominate height (doh) and mean height (h). Results of the analysis showed that, stem accounted for 58%, branch 32% and foliage 10% of the aboveground biomass (AGB). Commercial foliage biomass C removal ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 Mg ha−1. The power equation, AGB = b1×d10b2×dohb3, was the best (highest ranked using goodness-of-fit statistics), explaining 96% of the variation in aboveground biomass (p < 0.01). Models comparisons showed that our best ranked equation (M6) improved the aboveground biomass estimate by 44% and 48 % that of generic and other species-site specific equations developed in the tropics, respectively. Thus, our best species-site specific equation developed in this study can accurately estimate aboveground of khat plant biomass in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Getnet
- Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 24536, Adiss Abeba, Ethiopia
| | - Mesele Negash
- Wondogenet Collage of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
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8
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Ven A, Verlinden MS, Fransen E, Olsson PA, Verbruggen E, Wallander H, Vicca S. Phosphorus addition increased carbon partitioning to autotrophic respiration but not to biomass production in an experiment with Zea mays. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2054-2065. [PMID: 32400909 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon (C) partitioning-the relative use of photosynthates for biomass production, respiration, and other plant functions-is a key but poorly understood ecosystem process. In an experiment with Zea mays, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we investigated the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization and AMF on plant C partitioning. Based on earlier studies, we expected C partitioning to biomass production (i.e., biomass production efficiency; BPE) to increase with increasing P addition due to reduced C partitioning to AMF. However, although plant growth was clearly stimulated by P addition, BPE did not increase. Instead, C partitioning to autotrophic respiration increased. These results contrasted with our expectations and with a previous experiment in the same set-up where P addition increased BPE while no effect on autotropic respiration was found. The comparison of both experiments suggests a key role for AMF in explaining these contrasts. Whereas in the previous experiment substantial C partitioning to AMF reduced BPE under low P, in the current experiment, C partitioning to AMF was too low to directly influence BPE. Our results illustrate the complex influence of nutrient availability and mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant C partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ven
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Melanie S Verlinden
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pål Axel Olsson
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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9
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Song J, Ru J, Zhou Z, Xia J, Dukes JS, Wan S. Nighttime warming enhances ecosystem carbon‐use efficiency in a temperate steppe. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Qian Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Jingyi Ru
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Zhenxing Zhou
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting and Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue Climate Change Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue Climate Change Research CenterPurdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
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10
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Xing H, Fu Y, Liu G, Kang X, Mai X. Understanding the changes in spatial fairness of urban greenery using time-series remote sensing images: A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136763. [PMID: 32007872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban greenery is essential to the living environment of humans. Objectively assessing the rationality of the spatial distribution of green space resources will contribute to regional greening plans, thereby reducing social injustice. However, it is difficult to propose a reasonable greening policy aimed at the coordinated development of an urban agglomeration due to a lack of baseline information. This study investigated the changes in spatial fairness of the greenery surrounding residents in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay by examining time-series remote sensing images from 1997 to 2017. With the substitution of impervious, artificial surfaces for universal areas of human activities, we quantified the amount of surrounding greenery from the perspective of human activities at the pixel level by utilizing a nested buffer. The Gini coefficient was further calculated for each city to quantify the spatial fairness of the surrounding greenery to people. The results indicated that areas with less greenery surrounding them decreased during 1997 and 2017 in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay. The spatial fairness did not tend to increase with the improvements in the overall greening level. The spatial fairness of 4 cities had an increasing trend, and the Gini coefficients of 5 cities were still over 0.6 in 2017. We further proposed different greening policy suggestions for different cities based on the amount of greenery surrounding people and the trend in fairness. The results and the conclusion of this research will help to improve future regional greening policies and to reduce environmental injustice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yaolong Zhao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Hanfa Xing
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Yingchun Fu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guilin Liu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xin Mai
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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11
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NOMURA K, TAKADA A, KUNISHIGE H, OZAKI Y, OKAYASU T, YASUTAKE D, KITANO M. Long-term and Continuous Measurement of Canopy Photosynthesis and Growth of Spinach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2525/ecb.58.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi NOMURA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironment Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Akihiro TAKADA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironment Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hirosato KUNISHIGE
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironment Sciences, Kyushu University
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12
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Ojeda JJ, Rezaei EE, Remenyi TA, Webb MA, Webber HA, Kamali B, Harris RMB, Brown JN, Kidd DB, Mohammed CL, Siebert S, Ewert F, Meinke H. Effects of soil- and climate data aggregation on simulated potato yield and irrigation water requirement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:135589. [PMID: 31787284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Input data aggregation affects crop model estimates at the regional level. Previous studies have focused on the impact of aggregating climate data used to compute crop yields. However, little is known about the combined data aggregation effect of climate (DAEc) and soil (DAEs) on irrigation water requirement (IWR) in cool-temperate and spatially heterogeneous environments. The aims of this study were to quantify DAEc and DAEs of model input data and their combined impacts for simulated irrigated and rainfed yield and IWR. The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator Next Generation model was applied for the period 1998-2017 across areas suitable for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Tasmania, Australia, using data at 5, 15, 25 and 40 km resolution. Spatial variances of inputs and outputs were evaluated by the relative absolute difference (rAD¯) between the aggregated grids and the 5 km grids. Climate data aggregation resulted in a rAD¯ of 0.7-12.1%, with high values especially for areas with pronounced differences in elevation. The rAD¯ of soil data was higher (5.6-26.3%) than rAD¯ of climate data and was mainly affected by aggregation of organic carbon and maximum plant available water capacity (i.e. the difference between field capacity and wilting point in the effective root zone). For yield estimates, the difference among resolutions (5 km vs. 40 km) was more pronounced for rainfed (rAD¯ = 14.5%) than irrigated conditions (rAD¯ = 3.0%). The rAD¯ of IWR was 15.7% when using input data at 40 km resolution. Therefore, reliable simulations of rainfed yield require a higher spatial resolution than simulation of irrigated yields. This needs to be considered when conducting regional modelling studies across Tasmania. This study also highlights the need to separately quantify the impact of input data aggregation on model outputs to inform about data aggregation errors and identify those variables that explain these errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Ojeda
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.
| | - Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas A Remenyi
- School of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Mathew A Webb
- Natural Assets Spatial Intelligence, Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment Tasmania, 171 Westbury Road, Prospect, TAS 7250, Australia; Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Biomedical Building C81, 1 Central Avenue, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Heidi A Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bahareh Kamali
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca M B Harris
- School of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Jaclyn N Brown
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 15 College Rd., Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Darren B Kidd
- Natural Assets Spatial Intelligence, Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment Tasmania, 171 Westbury Road, Prospect, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Caroline L Mohammed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Meinke
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
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13
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Collalti A, Tjoelker MG, Hoch G, Mäkelä A, Guidolotti G, Heskel M, Petit G, Ryan MG, Battipaglia G, Matteucci G, Prentice IC. Plant respiration: Controlled by photosynthesis or biomass? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1739-1753. [PMID: 31578796 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two simplifying hypotheses have been proposed for whole-plant respiration. One links respiration to photosynthesis; the other to biomass. Using a first-principles carbon balance model with a prescribed live woody biomass turnover, applied at a forest research site where multidecadal measurements are available for comparison, we show that if turnover is fast the accumulation of respiring biomass is low and respiration depends primarily on photosynthesis; while if turnover is slow the accumulation of respiring biomass is high and respiration depends primarily on biomass. But the first scenario is inconsistent with evidence for substantial carry-over of fixed carbon between years, while the second implies far too great an increase in respiration during stand development-leading to depleted carbohydrate reserves and an unrealistically high mortality risk. These two mutually incompatible hypotheses are thus both incorrect. Respiration is not linearly related either to photosynthesis or to biomass, but it is more strongly controlled by recent photosynthates (and reserve availability) than by total biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystem, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Giai Petit
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Collalti A, Prentice IC. Is NPP proportional to GPP? Waring's hypothesis 20 years on. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1473-1483. [PMID: 30924876 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) is partitioned to autotrophic respiration (Ra) and net primary production (NPP), the latter being used to build plant tissues and synthesize non-structural and secondary compounds. Waring et al. (1998; Net primary production of forests: a constant fraction of gross primary production? Tree Physiol 18:129-134) suggested that a NPP:GPP ratio of 0.47 ± 0.04 (SD) is universal across biomes, tree species and stand ages. Representing NPP in models as a fixed fraction of GPP, they argued, would be both simpler and more accurate than trying to simulate Ra mechanistically. This paper reviews progress in understanding the NPP:GPP ratio in forests during the 20 years since the Waring et al. paper. Research has confirmed the existence of pervasive acclimation mechanisms that tend to stabilize the NPP:GPP ratio and indicates that Ra should not be modelled independently of GPP. Nonetheless, studies indicate that the value of this ratio is influenced by environmental factors, stand age and management. The average NPP:GPP ratio in over 200 studies, representing different biomes, species and forest stand ages, was found to be 0.46, consistent with the central value that Waring et al. proposed but with a much larger standard deviation (±0.12) and a total range (0.22-0.79) that is too large to be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende, CS, Italy
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change-Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services Division (CMCC-IAFES), Viterbo, Italy
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Verlinden MS, Ven A, Verbruggen E, Janssens IA, Wallander H, Vicca S. Favorable effect of mycorrhizae on biomass production efficiency exceeds their carbon cost in a fertilization experiment. Ecology 2018; 99:2525-2534. [PMID: 30218450 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biomass production efficiency (BPE), the ratio of biomass production to photosynthesis, varies greatly among ecosystems and typically increases with increasing nutrient availability. Reduced carbon partitioning to mycorrhizal fungi (i.e., per unit photosynthesis) is the hypothesized underlying mechanism, as mycorrhizal abundance and plant dependence on these symbionts typically decrease with increasing nutrient availability. In a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays, we investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition and of mycorrhizal inoculation on BPE. Photosynthesis and respiration were measured at mesocosm scale and at leaf scale. The growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed with ingrowth bags while also making use of the difference in δ13 C between C4 plants and C3 soil. Mesocosms without AMF, that is, with pasteurized soil, were used to further explore the role of AMF. Plant growth, photosynthesis, and BPE were positively affected by P, but not by N addition. AMF biomass also was slightly higher under P addition, but carbon partitioning to AMF was significantly lower than without P addition. Interestingly, in the absence of AMF, plants that did not receive P died prematurely. Our study confirmed the hypothesis that BPE increases with increasing nutrient availability, and that carbon partitioning to AMF plays a key role in this nutrient effect. The comparison of inoculated vs. pasteurized mesocosms further suggested a lower carbon cost of nutrient uptake via AMF than via other mechanisms under nutrient rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Verlinden
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Arne Ven
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
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Rahn E, Vaast P, Läderach P, van Asten P, Jassogne L, Ghazoul J. Exploring adaptation strategies of coffee production to climate change using a process-based model. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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18
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Stocker BD, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Finzi AC, Prentice IC. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO 2 governed by plant-soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:507-522. [PMID: 29105765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants' ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2 , but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N-fixing microbes. We found that N-acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N-fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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19
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Urban L, Aarrouf J, Bidel LPR. Assessing the Effects of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis Using Parameters Derived from Measurements of Leaf Gas Exchange and of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2068. [PMID: 29312367 PMCID: PMC5735977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) is expected to increase in intensity, frequency and duration in many parts of the world as a consequence of global change, with potential negative effects on plant gas exchange and growth. We review here the parameters that can be derived from measurements made on leaves, in the field, and that can be used to assess the effects of WD on the components of plant photosynthetic rate, including stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, photosynthetic capacity, light absorbance, and efficiency of absorbed light conversion into photosynthetic electron transport. We also review some of the parameters related to dissipation of excess energy and to rerouting of electron fluxes. Our focus is mainly on the techniques of gas exchange measurements and of measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), either alone or combined. But we put also emphasis on some of the parameters derived from analysis of the induction phase of maximal ChlF, notably because they could be used to assess damage to photosystem II. Eventually we briefly present the non-destructive methods based on the ChlF excitation ratio method which can be used to evaluate non-destructively leaf contents in anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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20
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Doughty CE, Goldsmith GR, Raab N, Girardin CAJ, Farfan-Amezquita F, Huaraca-Huasco W, Silva-Espejo JE, Araujo-Murakami A, da Costa ACL, Rocha W, Galbraith D, Meir P, Metcalfe DB, Malhi Y. What controls variation in carbon use efficiency among Amazonian tropical forests? Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Gregory R. Goldsmith
- Ecosystem Fluxes Group; Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Schmid College of Science and Technology; Chapman University; Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Nicolas Raab
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Cecile A. J. Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | | | - Walter Huaraca-Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Cusco Peru
| | | | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | | | - Wanderley Rocha
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM); Canarana Mato Grosso Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
- School of Geosciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Dan B. Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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21
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Smith NG, Pold G, Goranson C, Dukes JS. Characterizing the drivers of seedling leaf gas exchange responses to warming and altered precipitation: indirect and direct effects. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw066. [PMID: 27658816 PMCID: PMC5091920 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic forces are projected to lead to warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns globally. The impact of these climatic changes on the uptake of carbon by the land surface will, in part, determine the rate and magnitude of these changes. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to climate in the future. Here, we used a fully factorial warming (four levels) by precipitation (three levels) manipulation experiment in an old-field ecosystem in the northeastern USA to examine the impact of climatic changes on leaf carbon exchange in five species of deciduous tree seedlings. We found that photosynthesis generally increased in response to increasing precipitation and decreased in response to warming. Respiration was less sensitive to the treatments. The net result was greater leaf carbon uptake in wetter and cooler conditions across all species. Structural equation modelling revealed the primary pathway through which climate impacted leaf carbon exchange. Net photosynthesis increased with increasing stomatal conductance and photosynthetic enzyme capacity (Vcmax), and decreased with increasing respiration of leaves. Soil moisture and leaf temperature at the time of measurement most heavily influenced these primary drivers of net photosynthesis. Leaf respiration increased with increasing soil moisture, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic supply of substrates. Counter to the soil moisture response, respiration decreased with increasing precipitation amount, indicating that the response to short- (i.e. soil moisture) versus long-term (i.e. precipitation amount) water stress differed, possibly as a result of changes in the relative amounts of growth and maintenance demand for respiration over time. These data (>500 paired measurements of light and dark leaf gas exchange), now publicly available, detail the pathways by which climate can impact leaf gas exchange and could be useful for testing assumptions in land surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grace Pold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Carol Goranson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Sperlich D, Barbeta A, Ogaya R, Sabaté S, Peñuelas J. Balance between carbon gain and loss under long-term drought: impacts on foliar respiration and photosynthesis in Quercus ilex L. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:821-33. [PMID: 26552882 PMCID: PMC4737074 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial carbon exchange is a key process of the global carbon cycle consisting of a delicate balance between photosynthetic carbon uptake and respiratory release. We have, however, a limited understanding how long-term decreases in precipitation induced by climate change affect the boundaries and mechanisms of photosynthesis and respiration. We examined the seasonality of photosynthetic and respiratory traits and evaluated the adaptive mechanism of the foliar carbon balance of Quercus ilex L. experiencing a long-term rainfall-exclusion experiment. Day respiration (Rd) but not night respiration (Rn) was generally higher in the drought treatment leading to an increased Rd/Rn ratio. The limitation of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthesis was generally stronger than stomatal limitation (gs) in the drought treatment, reflected in a lower gm/gs ratio. The peak photosynthetic activity in the drought treatment occurred in an atypical favourable summer in parallel with lower Rd/Rn and higher gm/gs ratios. The plant carbon balance was thus strongly improved through: (i) higher photosynthetic rates induced by gm; and (ii) decreased carbon losses mediated by Rd. Interestingly, photosynthetic potentials (Vc,max, Jmax, and TPU) were not affected by the drought treatment, suggesting a dampening effect on the biochemical level in the long term. In summary, the trees experiencing a 14-year-long drought treatment adapted through higher plasticity in photosynthetic and respiratory traits, so that eventually the atypical favourable growth period was exploited more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sperlich
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Barbeta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Sallaba F, Lehsten D, Seaquist J, Sykes MT. A rapid NPP meta-model for current and future climate and CO2 scenarios in Europe. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Niinemets U. Improving modeling of the 'dark part' of canopy carbon gain. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:557-563. [PMID: 24812041 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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25
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Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Crous KY, Xiang S, Liddell MJ, Turnbull MH, Atkin OK. Canopy position affects the relationships between leaf respiration and associated traits in a tropical rainforest in Far North Queensland. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:564-584. [PMID: 24722001 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We explored the impact of canopy position on leaf respiration (R) and associated traits in tree and shrub species growing in a lowland tropical rainforest in Far North Queensland, Australia. The range of traits quantified included: leaf R in darkness (RD) and in the light (RL; estimated using the Kok method); the temperature (T)-sensitivity of RD; light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat); leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA); and concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), soluble sugars and starch. We found that LMA, and area-based N, P, sugars and starch concentrations were all higher in sun-exposed/upper canopy leaves, compared with their shaded/lower canopy and deep-shade/understory counterparts; similarly, area-based rates of RD, RL and Asat (at 28 °C) were all higher in the upper canopy leaves, indicating higher metabolic capacity in the upper canopy. The extent to which light inhibited R did not differ significantly between upper and lower canopy leaves, with the overall average inhibition being 32% across both canopy levels. Log-log RD-Asat relationships differed between upper and lower canopy leaves, with upper canopy leaves exhibiting higher rates of RD for a given Asat (both on an area and mass basis), as well as higher mass-based rates of RD for a given [N] and [P]. Over the 25-45 °C range, the T-sensitivity of RD was similar in upper and lower canopy leaves, with both canopy positions exhibiting Q10 values near 2.0 (i.e., doubling for every 10 °C rise in T) and Tmax values near 60 °C (i.e., T where RD reached maximal values). Thus, while rates of RD at 28 °C decreased with increasing depth in the canopy, the T-dependence of RD remained constant; these findings have important implications for vegetation-climate models that seek to predict carbon fluxes between tropical lowland rainforests and the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shuang Xiang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainable Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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26
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Chen A, Lichstein JW, Osnas JLD, Pacala SW. Species-independent down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration in response to shading: evidence from six temperate tree species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91798. [PMID: 24727745 PMCID: PMC3984078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to down-regulate leaf maximum net photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and dark respiration rate (Rdark) in response to shading is thought to be an important adaptation of trees to the wide range of light environments that they are exposed to across space and time. A simple, general rule that accurately described this down-regulation would improve carbon cycle models and enhance our understanding of how forest successional diversity is maintained. In this paper, we investigated the light response of Amax and Rdark for saplings of six temperate forest tree species in New Jersey, USA, and formulated a simple model of down-regulation that could be incorporated into carbon cycle models. We found that full-sun values of Amax and Rdark differed significantly among species, but the rate of down-regulation (proportional decrease in Amax or Rdark relative to the full-sun value) in response to shade was not significantly species- or taxon-specific. Shade leaves of sun-grown plants appear to follow the same pattern of down-regulation in response to shade as leaves of shade-grown plants. Given the light level above a leaf and one species-specific number (either the full-sun Amax or full-sun Rdark), we provide a formula that can accurately predict the leaf's Amax and Rdark. We further show that most of the down regulation of per unit area Rdark and Amax is caused by reductions in leaf mass per unit area (LMA): as light decreases, leaves get thinner, while per unit mass Amax and Rdark remain approximately constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeremy W. Lichstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeanne L. D. Osnas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Dillaway DN, Kruger EL. Trends in seedling growth and carbon-use efficiency vary among broadleaf tree species along a latitudinal transect in eastern North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:908-922. [PMID: 24130066 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Factors constraining the geographic ranges of broadleaf tree species in eastern North America were examined in common gardens along a ~1500 km latitudinal transect travers in grange boundaries of four target species: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) to the north vs. eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) to the south. In 2006 and 2007, carbon-use efficiency (CUE), the proportion of assimilated carbon retained in biomass, was estimated for seedlings of the four species as the quotient of relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthesis per unit tree mass (Atree ). In aspen and birch, CUE and RGR declined significantly with increasing growth temperature, which spanned 9 °C across gardens and years. The 37% (relative) CUE decrease from coolest to warmest garden correlated with increases in leaf nighttime respiration (Rleaf ) and the ratio of Rleaf to leaf photosynthesis (R%A ). For cottonwood and sweet gum, however, similar increases in Rleaf and R%A accompanied modest CUE declines, implying that processes other than Rleaf were responsible for species differences in CUE's temperature response. Our findings illustrate marked taxonomic variation, at least among young trees, in the thermal sensitivity of CUE, and point to potentially negative consequences of climate warming for the carbon balance, competitive ability, and persistence of two foundation species in northern temperate and boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Dillaway
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Unity College, Unity, ME 04988, USA
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Collalti A, Perugini L, Santini M, Chiti T, Nolè A, Matteucci G, Valentini R. A process-based model to simulate growth in forests with complex structure: Evaluation and use of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model in a deciduous forest in Central Italy. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith NG, Dukes JS. Plant respiration and photosynthesis in global-scale models: incorporating acclimation to temperature and CO2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:45-63. [PMID: 23504720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes, operating at various scales, cause the responses of photosynthesis and plant respiration to temperature and CO2 to change over time of exposure to new or changing environmental conditions. Here, we review the latest empirical evidence that short-term responses of plant carbon exchange rates to temperature and CO2 are modified by plant photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation as well as biogeochemical feedbacks. We assess the frequency with which these responses have been incorporated into vegetation models, and highlight recently designed algorithms that can facilitate their incorporation. Few models currently include representations of the long-term plant responses that have been recorded by empirical studies, likely because these responses are still poorly understood at scales relevant for models. Studies show that, at a regional scale, simulated carbon flux between the atmosphere and vegetation can dramatically differ between versions of models that do and do not include acclimation. However, the realism of these results is difficult to evaluate, as algorithm development is still in an early stage, and a limited number of data are available. We provide a series of recommendations that suggest how a combination of empirical and modeling studies can produce mechanistic algorithms that will realistically simulate longer term responses within global-scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Marthews TR, Malhi Y, Girardin CAJ, Silva Espejo JE, Aragão LEOC, Metcalfe DB, Rapp JM, Mercado LM, Fisher RA, Galbraith DR, Fisher JB, Salinas-Revilla N, Friend AD, Restrepo-Coupe N, Williams RJ. Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2012; 18:2882-2898. [PMID: 24501065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the magnitude and sign of carbon components in tropical forest ecosystems is important for reliable estimation of this important regional component of the global carbon cycle. We used the JULES vegetation model to simulate all components of the carbon balance at six sites along an Andes-Amazon transect across Peru and Brazil and compared the results to published field measurements. In the upper montane zone the model predicted a lack of forest vegetation, indicating a need for better parameterization of the responses of cloud forest vegetation within the model. In the lower montane and lowland zones simulated ecosystem productivity and respiration were predicted with reasonable accuracy, although not always within the error bounds of the observations. Model-predicted carbon use efficiency in this transect surprisingly did not increase with elevation, but remained close to the 'temperate' value 0.5. Upper montane forests were predicted to allocate ~50% of carbon fixation to biomass maintenance and growth, despite available measurements showing that they only allocate ~33%. This may be explained by elevational changes in the balance between growth and maintenance respiration within the forest canopy, as controlled by both temperature- and pressure-mediated processes, which is not yet well represented in current vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby R Marthews
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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Vicca S, Luyssaert S, Peñuelas J, Campioli M, Chapin FS, Ciais P, Heinemeyer A, Högberg P, Kutsch WL, Law BE, Malhi Y, Papale D, Piao SL, Reichstein M, Schulze ED, Janssens IA. Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:520-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thornley JHM. Plant growth and respiration re-visited: maintenance respiration defined - it is an emergent property of, not a separate process within, the system - and why the respiration : photosynthesis ratio is conservative. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:1365-80. [PMID: 21948663 PMCID: PMC3197462 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant growth and respiration still has unresolved issues, examined here using a model. The aims of this work are to compare the model's predictions with McCree's observation-based respiration equation which led to the 'growth respiration/maintenance respiration paradigm' (GMRP) - this is required to give the model credibility; to clarify the nature of maintenance respiration (MR) using a model which does not represent MR explicitly; and to examine algebraic and numerical predictions for the respiration:photosynthesis ratio. METHODS A two-state variable growth model is constructed, with structure and substrate, applicable on plant to ecosystem scales. Four processes are represented: photosynthesis, growth with growth respiration (GR), senescence giving a flux towards litter, and a recycling of some of this flux. There are four significant parameters: growth efficiency, rate constants for substrate utilization and structure senescence, and fraction of structure returned to the substrate pool. KEY RESULTS The model can simulate McCree's data on respiration, providing an alternative interpretation to the GMRP. The model's parameters are related to parameters used in this paradigm. MR is defined and calculated in terms of the model's parameters in two ways: first during exponential growth at zero growth rate; and secondly at equilibrium. The approaches concur. The equilibrium respiration:photosynthesis ratio has the value of 0·4, depending only on growth efficiency and recycling fraction. CONCLUSIONS McCree's equation is an approximation that the model can describe; it is mistaken to interpret his second coefficient as a maintenance requirement. An MR rate is defined and extracted algebraically from the model. MR as a specific process is not required and may be replaced with an approach from which an MR rate emerges. The model suggests that the respiration:photosynthesis ratio is conservative because it depends on two parameters only whose values are likely to be similar across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H M Thornley
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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