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Kaushik S, Ranjan A, Sidhu A, Singh AK, Sirhindi G. Cadmium toxicity: its' uptake and retaliation by plant defence system and ja signaling. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-023-00569-8. [PMID: 38206521 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) renders multifarious environmental stresses and highly toxic to nearly all living organisms including plants. Cd causes toxicity by unnecessary augmentation of ROS that targets essential molecules and fundamental processes in plants. In response, plants outfitted a repertory of mechanisms to offset Cd toxicity. The main elements of these are Cd chelation, sequestration into vacuoles, and adjustment of Cd uptake by transporters and escalation of antioxidative mechanism. Signal molecules like phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the MAPK cascade, the activation of the antioxidant system andsynergistic crosstalk between different signal molecules in order to regulate plant responses to Cd toxicity. Transcription factors like WRKY, MYB, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, NAC etc., located downstream of MAPK, and are key factors in regulating Cd toxicity responses in plants. Apart from this, MAPK and Ca2+signaling also have a salient involvement in rectifying Cd stress in plants. This review highlighted the mechanism of Cd uptake, translocation, detoxification and the key role of defense system, MAPKs, Ca2+ signals and jasmonic acid in retaliating Cd toxicity via synchronous management of various other regulators and signaling components involved under stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kaushik
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Patna Women's College, Bihar, 800001, India
| | - Anmol Sidhu
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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2
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Li S, Wang HY, Zhang Y, Huang J, Chen Z, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Auxin is involved in cadmium accumulation in rice through controlling nitric oxide production and the ability of cell walls to bind cadmium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166644. [PMID: 37659569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Although auxin has been linked to plants' responses to cadmium (Cd) stress, the exact mechanism is yet elusive. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the role and the mechanism of auxin in controlling rice's Cd accumulation. Rice roots with Cd stress have higher endogenous auxin levels, and exogenous auxin combined Cd treatment could reduce root cell wall's hemicellulose content when compared with Cd treatment alone, which in turn reduced its fixation of Cd, as well as decreased the expression of OsCd1 (a major facilitator superfamily gene), OsNRAMP1/5 (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1/5), OsZIP5/9 (Zinc Transporter 5/9), and OsHMA2 (Heavy Metal ATPase 2) that participated in Cd uptake and root to shoot translocation. Furthermore, less Cd accumulated in the shoots as a result of auxin's impact in increasing the expression of OsCAL1 (Cadmium accumulation in Leaf 1), OsABCG36/OsPDR9 (G-type ATP-binding cassette transporter/Pleiotropic drug resistance 9), and OsHMA3, which were in charge of Cd efflux and sequestering into vacuoles, respectively. Additionally, auxin decreased endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, while treatment of a NO scavenger-cPTIO-reduced auxin's alleviatory effects. In conclusion, the rice's ability to tolerate Cd toxicity was likely increased by the auxin-accelerated cell wall Cd exclusion mechanism, a pathway that controlled by the buildup of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yu GB, Tian J, Chen RN, Liu HL, Wen BW, Wei JP, Chen QS, Chen FQ, Sheng YY, Yang FJ, Ren CY, Zhang YX, Ahammed GJ. Glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis is critical for chlorothalonil detoxification in tomato leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115732. [PMID: 38000301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione plays a critical role in plant growth, development and response to stress. It is a major cellular antioxidant and is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics in many organisms, including plants. However, the role of glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis and associated molecular mechanisms regulating the antioxidant system and pesticide metabolism remains unclear. In this study, endogenous glutathione levels were manipulated by pharmacological treatments with glutathione synthesis inhibitors and oxidized glutathione. The application of oxidized glutathione enriched the cellular oxidation state, reduced the activity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes, upregulated the expression level of nitric oxide and Ca2+ related genes and the content, and increased the residue of chlorothalonil in tomato leaves. Further experiments confirmed that glutathione-induced redox homeostasis is critical for the reduction of pesticide residues. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that miRNA156 and miRNA169 that target transcription factor SQUAMOSA-Promoter Binding Proteins (SBP) and NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NFY) potentially participate in glutathione-mediated pesticide degradation in tomato plants. Our study provides important clues for further dissection of pesticide degradation mechanisms via miRNAs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Bo Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
| | - Jin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ru-Nan Chen
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, PR China
| | - Han-Lin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Bo-Wen Wen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Jin-Peng Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qiu-Sen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Feng-Qiong Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Yun-Yan Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Feng-Jun Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Chun-Yuan Ren
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
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Decros G, Dussarrat T, Baldet P, Cassan C, Cabasson C, Dieuaide-Noubhani M, Destailleur A, Flandin A, Prigent S, Mori K, Colombié S, Jorly J, Gibon Y, Beauvoit B, Pétriacq P. Enzyme-based kinetic modelling of ASC-GSH cycle during tomato fruit development reveals the importance of reducing power and ROS availability. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:242-257. [PMID: 37548068 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle is at the heart of redox metabolism, linking the major redox buffers with central metabolism through the processing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pyridine nucleotide metabolism. Tomato fruit development is underpinned by changes in redox buffer contents and their associated enzyme capacities, but interactions between them remain unclear. Based on quantitative data obtained for the core redox metabolism, we built an enzyme-based kinetic model to calculate redox metabolite concentrations with their corresponding fluxes and control coefficients. Dynamic and associated regulations of the ASC-GSH cycle throughout the whole fruit development were analysed and pointed to a sequential metabolic control of redox fluxes by ASC synthesis, NAD(P)H and ROS availability depending on the developmental phase. Furthermore, we highlighted that monodehydroascorbate reductase and the availability of reducing power were found to be the main regulators of the redox state of ASC and GSH during fruit growth under optimal conditions. Our kinetic modelling approach indicated that tomato fruit development displayed growth phase-dependent redox metabolism linked with central metabolism via pyridine nucleotides and H2 O2 availability, while providing a new tool to the scientific community to investigate redox metabolism in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Decros
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Thomas Dussarrat
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Cédric Cassan
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Cécile Cabasson
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | | | - Alice Destailleur
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Amélie Flandin
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Joana Jorly
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
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Huang J, Jing HK, Zhang Y, Chen SY, Wang HY, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Lu YH, Zheng QS, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Melatonin reduces cadmium accumulation via mediating the nitric oxide accumulation and increasing the cell wall fixation capacity of cadmium in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130529. [PMID: 37055957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is participated in plants' response to cadmium (Cd) tolerance, although its work model remains elusive. Here, the function of MT in adjusting Cd accumulation in rice was investigated. 'Nipponbare' (Nip) was cultured in the -Cd (1/2 Kimura B), -Cd + MT (1/2 Kimura B with 1 μM MT), +Cd (1/2 Kimura B plus 1 μM Cd) and +Cd + MT (1/2 Kimura B with 1 μM Cd and 1 μM MT) nutrient solutions for 7 d. Cd markedly induced the endogenous MT accumulation in rice roots and shoots, even within 1 h. MT applied exogenously elevated the hemicelluloses level, which in turn increased the cell wall's binding capacity to Cd. Furthermore, MT applied exogenously down-regulated the transcription level of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (OsNRAMP1), OsNRAMP5, a major facilitator superfamily gene (OsCd1), and IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (OsIRT1), all of which were responsible for Cd intake, thus less Cd was entered into roots. Moreover, MT applied exogenously also up-regulated transcription level of Cadmium accumulation in Leaf 1 (OsCAL1) and Heavy Metal ATPase 3 (OsHMA3), two genes both attributed to the decreased Cd accumulation in shoots through expelling Cd out of cells and chelating Cd in the vacuoles, respectively. In addition, MT applied exogenously further aggravated the production of nitric oxide (NO) that induced by Cd, while application of a NO donor-SNP mimicked this alleviatory effect of the MT, indicating MT decreased rice Cd accumulation relied on the accumulation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si Yuan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Song Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Moulick D, Bhutia KL, Sarkar S, Roy A, Mishra UN, Pramanick B, Maitra S, Shankar T, Hazra S, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Barek V, Hossain A. The intertwining of Zn-finger motifs and abiotic stress tolerance in plants: Current status and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1083960. [PMID: 36684752 PMCID: PMC9846276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and low temperature can adversely modulate the field crop's ability by altering the morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of the plants. It is estimated that about 50% + of the productivity of several crops is limited due to various types of abiotic stresses either presence alone or in combination (s). However, there are two ways plants can survive against these abiotic stresses; a) through management practices and b) through adaptive mechanisms to tolerate plants. These adaptive mechanisms of tolerant plants are mostly linked to their signalling transduction pathway, triggering the action of plant transcription factors and controlling the expression of various stress-regulated genes. In recent times, several studies found that Zn-finger motifs have a significant function during abiotic stress response in plants. In the first report, a wide range of Zn-binding motifs has been recognized and termed Zn-fingers. Since the zinc finger motifs regulate the function of stress-responsive genes. The Zn-finger was first reported as a repeated Zn-binding motif, comprising conserved cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) ligands, in Xenopus laevis oocytes as a transcription factor (TF) IIIA (or TFIIIA). In the proteins where Zn2+ is mainly attached to amino acid residues and thus espousing a tetrahedral coordination geometry. The physical nature of Zn-proteins, defining the attraction of Zn-proteins for Zn2+, is crucial for having an in-depth knowledge of how a Zn2+ facilitates their characteristic function and how proteins control its mobility (intra and intercellular) as well as cellular availability. The current review summarized the concept, importance and mechanisms of Zn-finger motifs during abiotic stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Karma Landup Bhutia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Molecular Breeding, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Udit Nandan Mishra
- Department of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Pramanick
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, PUSA, Samastipur, Bihar, India
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, United States
| | - Sagar Maitra
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Tanmoy Shankar
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Hazra
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Barek
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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7
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Insight into the Vacuolar Compartmentalization Process and the Effect Glutathione Regulation to This Process in the Hyperaccumulator Plant Solanum nigrum L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4359645. [PMID: 35528170 PMCID: PMC9076330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4359645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vacuole compartmentalization plays an important role in the storage of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators. Is the vacuolar compartmentation a simple shielding process or a dynamic process that continuously consumes cell sap resources? How does glutathione affect the process of vacuolar compartmentalization? These unknown questions are very important to understand the mechanism of vacuole compartmentalization and can provide a guide for the design of hyperaccumulator plants by genetic engineering. Therefore, this study explored the enzyme activities, total cadmium, Cd2+, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and reactive oxygen species contents in protoplasts and vacuoles of leaf cells in Solanum nigrum L. through subcellular separation. The results showed that vacuolar compartmentalization was a dynamic process that actively induced the related substances produced by cell sap to enter the vacuole for detoxification. When regulating the decreased glutathione content with buthionine sulfoximine, the total cadmium and combined cadmium in protoplasm decreased significantly, but the vacuole still maintained a high proportion of cadmium content and stable ROS content, which indicated that various external resources were preferentially used to maintain cadmium storage and homeostasis in vacuole rather than outside vacuole. These findings could guide the use of genetic engineering to design hyperaccumulator plants.
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Adil MF, Sehar S, Chen S, Lwalaba JLW, Jilani G, Chen ZH, Shamsi IH. Stress signaling convergence and nutrient crosstalk determine zinc-mediated amelioration against cadmium toxicity in rice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113128. [PMID: 34979311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major pathways for heavy metal bioaccumulation in humans over time. Understanding the molecular responses of rice to heavy metal contamination in agriculture is useful for eco-toxicological assessment of cadmium (Cd) and its interaction with zinc (Zn). In certain crops, the impacts of Cd stress or Zn nutrition on the biophysical chemistry and gene expression have been widely investigated, but their molecular interactions at transcriptomic level, particularly in rice roots, are still elusive. Here, hydroponic investigations were carried out with two rice genotypes (Yinni-801 and Heizhan-43), varying in Cd contents in plant tissues to determine their transcriptomic responses upon Cd15 (15 µM) and Cd15+Zn50 (50 µM) treatments. High throughput RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed that 496 and 2407 DEGs were significantly affected by Cd15 and Cd15+Zn50, respectively, among which 1016 DEGs were commonly induced in both genotypes. Multitude of DEGs fell under the category of protein kinases, such as calmodulin (CaM) and calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CBL), indicating a dynamic shift in hormonal signal transduction and Ca2+ involvement with the onset of treatments. Both genotypes expressed a mutual regulation of transcription factors (TFs) such as WRKY, MYB, NAM, AP2, bHLH and ZFP families under both treatments, whereas genes econding ABC transporters (ABCs), high affinity K+ transporters (HAKs) and Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), were highly up-regulated under Cd15+Zn50 in both genotypes. Zinc addition triggered more signaling cascades and detoxification related genes in regulation of immunity along with the suppression of Cd-induced DEGs and restriction of Cd uptake. Conclusively, the effective integration of breeding techniques with candidate genes identified in this study as well as economically and technologically viable methods, such as Zn nutrient management, could pave the way for selecting cultivars with promising agronomic qualities and reduced Cd for sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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9
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Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, Kumar R, Alansi S, Shah AA, Kalaji HM, Javed T, Raza A. Potassium and melatonin-mediated regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity improve photosynthetic efficiency, carbon assimilation and modulate glyoxalase system accompanying tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:49-65. [PMID: 34971955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the combined action of potassium (K) and melatonin (Mel) in modulating tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants is not well understood. The present study reveals the synergistic role of K and Mel in enhancing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cd stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. The present findings reveal that seedlings subjected to Cd toxicity exhibited disturbed nutrients balance [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)], chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis [reduced δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) content and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity], pathway of carbon fixation [reduced fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity] and photosynthesis process in tomato seedlings. However, exogenous application of K and Mel alone as well as together improved physiological and biochemical mechanisms in tomato seedlings, but their combined application proved best by efficiently improving nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis (increased Chl a and b, and Total Chl), carbon flow in Calvin cycle, activity of Rubisco, carbonic anhydrase activity, and accumulation of total soluble carbohydrates content in seedlings under Cd toxicity. Furthermore, the combined treatment of K and Mel suppressed overproduction of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), Chl degradation [reduced chlorophyllase (Chlase) activity] and methylglyoxal content in Cd-stressed tomato seedlings by upregulating glyoxalase (increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activity) and antioxidant systems (increased ascorbate-glutathione metabolism). Thus, the present study provides stronger evidence that the co-application of K and Mel exhibited synergistic roles in mitigating the toxic effect of Cd stress by increasing glyoxalase and antioxidant systems and also by improving photosynthetic efficiency in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology University of Education, Lahore
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Departemnet of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
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10
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Deckers J, Hendrix S, Prinsen E, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Glutathione Is Required for the Early Alert Response and Subsequent Acclimation in Cadmium-Exposed Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 35052510 PMCID: PMC8773091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution by cadmium (Cd) is a worldwide problem, posing risks to human health and impacting crop yield and quality. Cadmium-induced phytotoxicity arises from an imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in favour of the latter. The Cd-induced depletion of the major antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly contributes to this imbalance. Rather than being merely an adverse effect of Cd exposure, the rapid depletion of root GSH levels was proposed to serve as an alert response. This alarm phase is crucial for an optimal stress response, which defines acclimation later on. To obtain a better understanding on the importance of GSH in the course of these responses and how these are defined by the rapid GSH depletion, analyses were performed in the GSH-deficient cadmium-sensitive 2-1 (cad2-1) mutant. Cadmium-induced root and leaf responses related to oxidative challenge, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), GSH, ethylene, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were compared between wild-type (WT) and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Although the cad2-1 mutant has significantly lower GSH levels, root GSH depletion still occurred, suggesting that the chelating capacity of GSH is prioritised over its antioxidative function. We demonstrated that responses related to GSH metabolism and ACC production were accelerated in mutant roots and that stress persisted due to suboptimal acclimation. In general, the redox imbalance in cad2-1 mutant plants and the lack of proper transient ethylene signalling contributed to this suboptimal acclimation, resulting in a more pronounced Cd effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Deckers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.H.); (J.V.)
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.H.); (J.V.)
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Els Prinsen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.H.); (J.V.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.D.); (S.H.); (J.V.)
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11
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Root Cadmium Responses in Two Chinese Rice Cultivars Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/2166775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy soil is an increasingly serious issue in rice production. It has been reported that there is a higher or lower grain Cd accumulation in the rice cultivars Yuzhenxiang (YZX) or Xiangwanxian 12 (XWX), respectively. To better manage the Cd pollution problem, the genes that might play vital roles in governing the difference in root Cd responses between these two rice cultivars were examined. In this study, the results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that there were 341 and 161 differentially expressed genes in the roots of YZX and XWX after Cd exposure, respectively. Among these genes, 7 genes, such as Os06g0196300 (OsJ_019618), Os07g0570700 (OsJ_24808), ADI1, GDCSH, HSFB2C, PEX11-4, and CLPB1, possessed higher degree nodes with each other, through interaction analysis by the STRING (search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins) software, suggesting that they might play vital roles in Cd response. Based on GO enrichment analysis, 41 differently expressed genes after Cd treatment in YZX or XWX were identified to be related to Cd response. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, 257 genes might be associated with the root Cd response difference between YZX and XWX. Furthermore, we supposed that ADI1, CFBP1, PEX11-4, OsJ_019618, OsJ_24808, GDCSH, CLPB1, LAC6, and WNK3 might be implicated in Cd response based on the combined analysis of RT-qPCR, interaction, and GO annotation analysis. In conclusion, the numerous genes that might be related to Cd stress response and root Cd response difference between YZX and XWX at the booting stage may be of benefit for the development of rice varieties with low Cd consumption.
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12
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A MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009636. [PMID: 34181654 PMCID: PMC8270467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that MAN3-mediated mannose plays an important role in plant responses to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that an Arabidopsis MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade is involved in the regulation of plant Cd tolerance. Loss-of-function of MNB1 (mannose-binding-lectin 1) led to decreased Cd accumulation and tolerance, whereas overexpression of MNB1 significantly enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance. Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Moreover, we found that mannose is able to bind to the GNA-related domain of MNB1, and that mannose binding to the GNA-related domain of MNB1 is required for MAN3-mediated Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis. Further analysis showed that MYB4 directly binds to the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the transcript of MAN3 and thus Cd tolerance via the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of MAN3 rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the myb4 mutant but not the mnb1 mutant, whereas overexpression of MNB1 rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the myb4 mutant. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that a MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis through the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soils is recognized as an environmental problem worldwide, and phytoremediation is one of the important approaches for cleaning Cd-contaminated soils. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that overexpression of MNB1, which encodes a mannose-binding lectin, manifestly increased Cd tolerance, whereas loss-of-function of MNB1 led to enhanced Cd sensitivity. Further analysis showed that mannose binding to the GNA-related domain of MNB1 is required for MAN3-mediated Cd tolerance. Moreover, under Cd stress, MYB4 directly binds the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the expression of MAN3, and thus Cd tolerance via the glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway. Our results demonstrated that a MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates Cd tolerance through the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.
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13
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Kosakivska IV, Babenko LM, Romanenko KO, Korotka IY, Potters G. Molecular mechanisms of plant adaptive responses to heavy metals stress. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:258-272. [PMID: 33200493 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are among the main environmental pollutants that can enter the soil, water bodies, and the atmosphere as a result of natural processes (weathering of rocks, volcanic activity), and also as a result of human activities (mining, metallurgical and chemical industries, transport, application of mineral fertilizers). Plants counteract the HMs stresses through morphological and physiological adaptations, which are imparted through well-coordinated molecular mechanisms. New approaches, which include transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses, have opened the paths to understand such complex networks. This review sheds light on molecular mechanisms included in plant adaptive and defense responses during metal stress. It is focused on the entry of HMs into plants, its transport and accumulation, effects on the main physiological processes, gene expressions included in plant adaptive and defense responses during HM stress. Analysis of new data allowed the authors to conclude that the most important mechanism of HM tolerance is extracellular and intracellular HM sequestration. Organic anions (malate, oxalate, etc.) provide extracellular sequestration of HM ions. Intracellular HM sequestration depends not only on a direct binding mechanism with different polymers (pectin, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.) or organic anions but also on the action of cellular receptors and transmembrane transporters. We focused on the functioning chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the Golgi complex under HM stress. The currently known molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to the toxic effects of HMs are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V Kosakivska
- Phytohormonology Department, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lidia M Babenko
- Phytohormonology Department, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna O Romanenko
- Phytohormonology Department, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Y Korotka
- Phytohormonology Department, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Geert Potters
- Department of Phytohormonology, Antwerp Maritime Academy, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Gao Y, Li H, Song Y, Zhang F, Lu Y, Peng F, Yang Z. Decisive Enzymes and Prediction Models for the Glutathione Content in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) Exposed to Cadmium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11855-11862. [PMID: 32986429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, glutathione (GSH) is crucial for the detoxification and tolerance of heavy metals. However, the change characteristics and decisive enzymes involved in GSH metabolism under heavy metal exposure are still unclear. Based on long-term exposure cultivation of spinach and monitoring of the change trends of enzyme activity and GSH contents in response to cadmium (Cd) stress, these issues were clarified. Spinach goes through three statuses in sequence in response to Cd stress, that is, perception status (PS), response status (RS), and new stable status. With the increase in the Cd concentration, the durations of the PS and RS and the time to reach the peaks in the roots were shorter. However, the durations of the PS and the time to reach the peaks in the leaves were longer. The enzyme activities changed significantly in response to diverse Cd stress in RS. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was vital to the GSH content in roots. Glutathione synthase was important for the GSH content in leaves. The results of this study provide valuable information to find an efficient way to perform GSH adjustments to fulfill the goal of ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fangyuan Peng
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, China
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15
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Identifying the Pressure Points of Acute Cadmium Stress Prior to Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176232. [PMID: 32872315 PMCID: PMC7503646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic metal cadmium (Cd) is a major soil pollutant. Knowledge on the acute Cd-induced stress response is required to better understand the triggers and sequence of events that precede plant acclimation. Therefore, we aimed to identify the pressure points of Cd stress using a short-term exposure set-up ranging from 0 h to 24 h. Acute responses related to glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), ethylene and the oxidative challenge were studied at metabolite and/or transcript level in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana either exposed or not to 5 µM Cd. Cadmium rapidly induced root GSH depletion, which might serve as an alert response and modulator of H2O2 signalling. Concomitantly, a stimulation of root ACC levels was observed. Leaf responses were delayed and did not involve GSH depletion. After 24 h, a defined oxidative challenge became apparent, which was most pronounced in the leaves and concerted with a strong induction of leaf ACC synthesis. We suggest that root GSH depletion is required for a proper alert response rather than being a merely adverse effect. Furthermore, we propose that roots serve as command centre via a.o. root-derived ACC/ethylene to engage the leaves in a proper stress response.
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16
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Kumar A, Dubey AK, Kumar V, Ansari MA, Narayan S, Kumar S, Pandey V, Shirke PA, Pande V, Sanyal I. Over-expression of chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) provides tolerance to heavy metals by reducing metal accumulation and improved physiological and antioxidant defence system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110252. [PMID: 32014725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small multifunctional redox proteins. Grxs have glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH. The role of Grxs is well studied in heavy metal tolerance in prokaryotic and mammalian systems but not in plant genera. In the present study, a chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) gene (LOC101493651) has been investigated against metal stress based on its primary screening in chickpea which revealed higher up-regulation of CaGrx gene under various heavy metals (AsIII-25 μM, AsV-250 μM, Cr(VI)-300 μM, and Cd-500 μM) stress. This CaGrx gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and investigated various biochemical and physiological performances under each metal stress. Transgenic plants showed significant up-regulation of the CaGrx gene during qRT-PCR analysis as well as longer roots, higher seed germination, and survival efficiency during each metal stress. The levels of stress markers, TBARS, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage were found to be less in transgenic lines as compared to WT revealed less toxicity in transgenics. The total accumulation of AsIII, AsV, and Cr(VI) were significantly reduced in all transgenic lines except Cd, which was slightly reduced. The physiological parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR), were maintained in transgenic lines during metal stress. Various antioxidant enzymes such as glutaredoxin (GRX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, GSH) and stress-responsive amino acids (proline and cysteine) levels were significantly increased in transgenic lines which provide metal tolerance. The outcome of this study strongly indicates that the CaGrx gene participates in the moderation of metal stress in Arabidopsis, which can be utilized in biotechnological interventions to overcome heavy metal stress conditions in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Akram Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pramod Arvind Shirke
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Kováčik J, Dresler S, Peterková V, Babula P. Nitrogen nutrition modulates oxidative stress and metabolite production in Hypericum perforatum. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:439-447. [PMID: 31748976 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impact of various nitrate concentrations (14.12 mM, 3.53 mM, no nitrate) or ammonium presence (14.12 mM) on physiological and metabolic changes in Hypericum perforatum after 14 days of cultivation was monitored. Nitrate deficiency suppressed growth of shoots but stimulated root growth while ammonium suppressed root growth: concomitant changes of ascorbic acid and glutathione supported these growth changes, e.g., unaltered level in roots under nitrate deficiency but depleted in ammonium treatment. Soluble proteins and water content were more suppressed by nitrate deficiency but total ROS, nitric oxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities (APX and SOD) indicate higher sensitivity of plants to ammonium. Though both extreme treatments (NO3- deficiency or ammonium) stimulated accumulation of total soluble phenols and affected PAL activity (in comparison with full or 1/4× nitrate dose), major phenols (chlorogenic acid and three flavonoids) were elevated mainly by NO3- deficiency. At the level of specific metabolites, NO3- deficiency had stimulatory impact on pseudohypericin (but not hypericin) content while hyperforin decreased. Expression of earlier putative gene of hypericin biosynthesis (hyp-1) showed rather partial correlation with pseudohypericin amount. Data indicate that depletion of NO3- is useful to obtain Hypericum plants with higher amount of health-positive secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Viera Peterková
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Xu Z, Wang M, Xu D, Xia Z. The Arabidopsis APR2 positively regulates cadmium tolerance through glutathione-dependent pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109819. [PMID: 31654864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants. The adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 2 (APR2) is the dominant APRs in Arabidopsis and plays an important role in reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. However, whether the involvement of plant APRs in Cd stress response is largely unclear. Herein, we report that APR2 functions in Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcript levels of APR2 were markedly induced by Cd exposure. Transgenic plants overexpressing APR2 improved Cd tolerance, whereas knockout of APR2 reduced Cd tolerance. APR2-overexpressing plants with increased Cd accumulation and tolerance showed higher glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) levels than the wild type and apr2 mutant plants, but lower H2O2 and TBARS contents upon Cd exposure. Moreover, exogenous GSH application effectively rescued Cd hypersensitivity in APR2-knockout plants. Further analysis showed that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) treatment completely eliminated the enhanced Cd tolerance phenotypes of APR2-overexpressing plants, implying that APR2-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance is GSH dependent. In addition, over-expression of the APR2 led to elevated expressions of the GSH/PC synthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that APR2 regulated Cd accumulation and tolerance possibly through modulating GSH-dependent antioxidant capability and Cd-chelation machinery in Arabidopsis. APR2 could be exploited for engineering heavy metal-tolerant plants in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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19
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Shekhar S, Rustagi A, Kumar D, Yusuf MA, Sarin NB, Lawrence K. Groundnut AhcAPX conferred abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic banana through modulation of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1349-1366. [PMID: 31736539 PMCID: PMC6825100 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A stress inducible cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase gene (AhcAPX) was ectopically expressed in banana (cv. Grand naine) plants to strengthen their antioxidant capacity. High level of AhcAPX gene transcripts and enzyme suggested constitutive and functional expression of candidate gene in transgenic (TR) plants. The tolerance level of in vitro and in vivo grown TR banana plantlets were assessed against salt and drought stress. The TR banana plants conferred tolerance against the abiotic stresses by maintaining a high redox state of ascorbate and glutathione, which correlated with lower accumulation of H2O2, O2 ⋅- and higher level of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, APX, CAT, GR, DHAR and MDHAR) activities. The efficacy of AhcAPX over-expression was also investigated in terms of different physiochemical attributes of TR and untransformed control plants, such as, proline content, membrane stability, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll retention. The TR plants showed higher photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and stomatal attributes under photosynthesis generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. The outcome of present investigation suggest that ectopic expression of AhcAPX gene in banana enhances the tolerance to drought and salt stress by annulling the damage caused by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007 India
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Anjana Rustagi
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110049 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 180011 India
| | - Mohd. Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 India
| | - Neera Bhalla Sarin
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kapil Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007 India
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20
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Hancock JT. Considerations of the importance of redox state for reactive nitrogen species action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4323-4331. [PMID: 30793204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are immensely important signalling molecules in plants, being involved in a range of physiological responses. However, the exact way in which NO fits into signal transduction pathways is not always easy to understand. Here, some of the issues that should be considered are discussed. This includes how NO may interact directly with other reactive signals, such as reactive oxygen and sulfur species, how NO metabolism is almost certainly compartmentalized, that threshold levels of RNS may need to be reached to have effects, and how the intracellular redox environment may impact on NO signalling. Until better tools are available to understand how NO is generated in cells, where it accumulates, and to what levels it reaches, it will be hard to get a full understanding of NO signalling. The interaction of RNS metabolism with the intracellular redox environment needs further investigation. A changing redox poise will impact on whether RNS species can thrive in or around cells. Such mechanisms will determine whether specific RNS can indeed control the responses needed by a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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21
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Mishra B, Chand S, Singh Sangwan N. ROS management is mediated by ascorbate-glutathione-α-tocopherol triad in co-ordination with secondary metabolic pathway under cadmium stress in Withania somnifera. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:620-629. [PMID: 31035173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Being static, plants are frequently exposed to various essential and non-essential heavy metals from the surroundings. This exposure results in considerable ROS generation leading to oxidative stress, the primary response of the plants under heavy metal stress. Withania somnifera is a reputed Indian medicinal plant in Ayurveda, having various pharmacological activities due to the presence of withanolides. The present study deals with the understanding endurance of oxidative stress caused by heavy metal exposure and its management through antioxidant partners in synchronization with secondary metabolites in W. somnifera. The quantitative assessment of enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed significant participation of ascorbate-glutathione-α-tocopherol triad in ROS management. Higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) resulted in glutathione and ascorbate accumulation. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxidase (POD) were contributed considerably in ROS homeostasis maintenance. In-situ localization and assays related to ROS generation/scavenging revealed key management of ROS status under Cd stress. Higher antioxidative and reducing power activity attributed to the tolerance capability to the plant. Increased expression of withanolide biosynthetic pathway genes such as WsHMGR, WsDXS, WsDXR and WsCAS correlated with enhanced withanolides. The present study indicated the crucial role of the ascorbate-glutathione-α-tocopherol triad in co-ordination with withanolide biosynthesis in affording the oxidative stress, possibly through a cross-talk between the antioxidant machinery and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The knowledge may be useful in providing the guidelines for developing abiotic stress resistance in plants using conventional and molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Mishra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Sukhmal Chand
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Neelam Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India; Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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22
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Li J, Zheng B, Hu R, Liu Y, Jing Y, Xiao Y, Sun M, Chen W, Zhou Q. Pseudomonas species isolated from tobacco seed promote root growth and reduce lead contents in Nicotiana tobacum K326. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:214-223. [PMID: 30457895 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are generally helpful for plant growth and protection. We isolated from tobacco seeds three Pseudomonas strains (K03, Y04, and N05) that could produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, and tolerate heavy metals. In pot experiments, the three isolated strains significantly promoted root growth and increased the root enzyme activity in Nicotiana tobacum K326. Furthermore, bacterial inoculations increased the proportion of residual lead (Pb) by 8.36%-51.63% and decreased the total Pb content by 3.28%-6.38% in the contaminated soil during tobacco planting, compared with uninoculated soils. An effective decrease in Pb content was also found in tobacco leaves with bacterial inoculations. K03 inoculation decreased the Pb content in the upper leaves by 49.80%, and Y04 inoculation had the best effect, decreasing the Pb content in the middle leaves by 70.12%. Additionally, soil pH and root activity had significant effects on transformation and translocation of Pb. The study suggested that in response to Pb pollution in soil, a reasonable application of endophytes (e.g., Pseudomonas) might be a promising approach in promoting tobacco growth and reducing Pb content in tobacco, while simultaneously enhancing Pb stabilization in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Bufan Zheng
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwen Hu
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- b Institute of Hunan Provincial Tobacco Science Research, Changsha 410004, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Jing
- c China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Min Sun
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Wu Chen
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Zhou
- a College of Agronomy, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
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23
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Lysenko EA, Klaus AA, Kartashov AV, Kusnetsov VV. Distribution of Cd and other cations between the stroma and thylakoids: a quantitative approach to the search for Cd targets in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:337-358. [PMID: 29931614 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and photosynthetic activity are usually inhibited due to the overall action of Cd on a whole organism, though few cadmium cations can invade chloroplasts in vivo. We found that in vivo, the major portion of Cd in barley chloroplasts is located in the thylakoids (80%), and the minor portion is in the stroma (20%). Therefore, the electron-transport chain in the thylakoids would be the likely target for direct Cd action in vivo. In vitro, we found the distribution of Cd to be shifted to the stroma (40-60%). In barley chloroplasts, the major portions of Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu were found to be located in the thylakoids, and most Ca, Zn, and K in the stroma. This finding was true for both control and Cu- or Fe-treated plants. Treatment with Cd affected the contents of all cations, and the largest portions of Ca and Zn were in the thylakoids. Alterations of the K and Mn contents were caused by Cd, Cu, or Fe treatment; the levels of other cations in chloroplasts were changed specifically by Cd treatment. The quantity of Cd in chloroplasts was small in comparison to that of Mg, Ca, and Fe. In thylakoids, the amount of Cd was similar to that of Cu and comparable to the levels of Zn and Mn. Accordingly, the possible targets for direct Cd action in thylakoids are the Mn cluster, plastocyanin, carbonic anhydrase, or FtsH protease. The quantity of Cd in thylakoids is sufficient to replace a cation nearly completely at one of these sites or partially (20-30%) at many of these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Lysenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskay 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
| | - Alexander A Klaus
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskay 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Alexander V Kartashov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskay 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Victor V Kusnetsov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskay 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
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24
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Analysis of potential strategies for cadmium stress tolerance revealed by transcriptome analysis of upland cotton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 30643161 PMCID: PMC6331580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, heavy metal pollution has become a more serious global problem, and all countries are actively engaged in finding methods to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the roots of cotton grown under three different cadmium concentrations, and analysed the potential strategies for coping with cadmium stress. Through Gene Ontology analysis, we found that most of the genes differentially regulated under cadmium stress were associated with catalytic activity and binding action, especially metal iron binding, and specific metabolic and cellular processes. The genes responsive to cadmium stress were mainly related to membrane and response to stimulus. The KEGG pathways enriched differentially expressed genes were associated with secondary metabolite production, Starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanina metalism and biosynthesis, in order to improve the activity of antioxidant system, repair systems and transport system and reduction of cadmium toxicity. There are three main mechanisms by which cotton responds to cadmium stress: thickening of physical barriers, oxidation resistance and detoxification complexation. Meanwhile, identified a potential cotton-specific stress response pathway involving brassinolide, and ethylene signaling pathways. Further investigation is needed to define the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to cadmium stress. In this study potential coping strategies of cotton root under cadmium stress were revealed. Our findings can guide the selection of cotton breeds that absorb high levels of cadmium.
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25
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Fukami J, Cerezini P, Hungria M. Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation. AMB Express 2018; 8:73. [PMID: 29728787 PMCID: PMC5935603 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Azospirillum comprises plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which have been broadly studied. The benefits to plants by inoculation with Azospirillum have been primarily attributed to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but also to its capacity to synthesize phytohormones, in particular indole-3-acetic acid. Recently, an increasing number of studies has attributed an important role of Azospirillum in conferring to plants tolerance of abiotic and biotic stresses, which may be mediated by phytohormones acting as signaling molecules. Tolerance of biotic stresses is controlled by mechanisms of induced systemic resistance, mediated by increased levels of phytohormones in the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathway, independent of salicylic acid (SA), whereas in the systemic acquired resistance-a mechanism previously studied with phytopathogens-it is controlled by intermediate levels of SA. Both mechanisms are related to the NPR1 protein, acting as a co-activator in the induction of defense genes. Azospirillum can also promote plant growth by mechanisms of tolerance of abiotic stresses, named as induced systemic tolerance, mediated by antioxidants, osmotic adjustment, production of phytohormones, and defense strategies such as the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. The study of the mechanisms triggered by Azospirillum in plants can help in the search for more-sustainable agricultural practices and possibly reveal the use of PGPB as a major strategy to mitigate the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Fukami
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970 Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 60001, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990 Brazil
| | - Paula Cerezini
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970 Brazil
| | - Mariangela Hungria
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970 Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 60001, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990 Brazil
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26
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Amaral Dos Reis R, Keunen E, Mourato MP, Martins LL, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Accession-specific life strategies affect responses in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to excess Cu and Cd. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:37-46. [PMID: 29471274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural accession Columbia (Col-0) is considered as the reference genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nonetheless, Col-0 plants are more sensitive to excess copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) than other widely used accessions such as Wassilewskija (Ws) plants. In the current study, this accession-specific metal sensitivity is further explored by comparing the responses in leaves of Col-0 and Ws plants exposed to excess Cu and Cd. Our results suggest that different life strategies favored by both accessions under physiological conditions affect their response to metal exposure. While Col-0 plants mainly invest in metal detoxification, Ws plants center on nutrient homeostasis. In particular, the higher expression of genes related to Cu homeostasis genes in non-exposed conditions indicates that Ws plants possess a constitutively efficient metal homeostasis. On the other hand, oxidative stress-related MAPK signaling appears to be boosted in leaves of Col-0 plants exposed to excess Cu. Furthermore, the upregulation of the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis GSH2 gene and the increased GSH concentration after Cd exposure suggest the activation of detoxification mechanisms, such as phytochelatin production, to counteract the more severe Cd-induced oxidative stress in leaves of Col-0 plants. Exposure to Cd also led to a more pronounced ethylene signaling response in leaves of Col-0 as compared to Ws plants, which could be related to Cd-induced GSH metabolism. In conclusion, accession-specific life strategies clearly affect the way in which leaves of A. thaliana plants cope with excess Cu and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Amaral Dos Reis
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Els Keunen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Miguel Pedro Mourato
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Louro Martins
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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27
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Corso M, Schvartzman MS, Guzzo F, Souard F, Malkowski E, Hanikenne M, Verbruggen N. Contrasting cadmium resistance strategies in two metallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:283-297. [PMID: 29292826 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While cadmium (Cd) tolerance is a constitutive trait in the Arabidopsis halleri species, Cd accumulation is highly variable. Recent adaptation to anthropogenic metal stress has occurred independently within the genetic units of A. halleri and the evolution of different mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation has been suggested. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance and accumulation in A. halleri, ionomic inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), transcriptomic (RNA sequencing) and metabolomic (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) profiles were analysed in two A. halleri metallicolous populations from different genetic units (PL22 from Poland and I16 from Italy). The PL22 and I16 populations were both hypertolerant to Cd, but PL22 hyperaccumulated Cd while I16 behaved as an excluder both in situ and when grown hydroponically. The observed hyperaccumulator vs excluder behaviours were paralleled by large differences in the expression profiles of transporter genes. Flavonoid-related transcripts and metabolites were strikingly more abundant in PL22 than in I16 shoots. The role of novel A. halleri candidate genes possibly involved in Cd hyperaccumulation or exclusion was supported by the study of corresponding A. thaliana knockout mutants. Taken together, our results are suggestive of the evolution of divergent strategies for Cd uptake, transport and detoxification in different genetic units of A. halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Sol Schvartzman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Florence Souard
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR5063, University Grenoble Alpes, 38400, St Martin d'Hères, France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugeniusz Malkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Differential physiological responses and tolerance to potentially toxic elements in biodiesel tree Jatropha curcas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1635. [PMID: 29374257 PMCID: PMC5786012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a serious problem with increasing industrialization and the disturbance of natural biogeochemical cycles. Jatropha is an oilseed-bearing shrub with high potential for biodiesel production in arid regions. In this study, we examined the physiological responses of this plant to five representative PTEs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in a hydroponic culture. Application of higher concentrations of Cd and Zn led to severe leaf chlorosis, and Cd, Cu, and Ni treatments resulted in significant growth retardation. Higher enrichment of the applied PTEs in the shoots was observed for Zn- and Cd-treated plants, with the latter reaching 24-fold enrichment in plants exposed to 10 μM Cd, suggesting that Jatropha can cope with relatively higher internal concentrations of toxic Cd. Although Cd stress led to the disturbance of essential mineral homeostasis and photosynthesis, this induced an increase in thiol compounds in the roots, suggesting defensive responses of Jatropha to PTEs. This study showed that Jatropha exhibits distinct sensitivities and physiological responses to different PTEs. This study also provides basic knowledge for diagnosing the physiological status of Jatropha trees for potential dual use in afforestation and as a sustainable energy supply.
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29
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Loix C, Huybrechts M, Vangronsveld J, Gielen M, Keunen E, Cuypers A. Reciprocal Interactions between Cadmium-Induced Cell Wall Responses and Oxidative Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1867. [PMID: 29163592 PMCID: PMC5671638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution renders many soils across the world unsuited or unsafe for food- or feed-orientated agriculture. The main mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity is the induction of oxidative stress, amongst others through the depletion of glutathione. Oxidative stress can damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to growth inhibition or even cell death. The plant cell has a variety of tools to defend itself against Cd stress. First and foremost, cell walls might prevent Cd from entering and damaging the protoplast. Both the primary and secondary cell wall have an array of defensive mechanisms that can be adapted to cope with Cd. Pectin, which contains most of the negative charges within the primary cell wall, can sequester Cd very effectively. In the secondary cell wall, lignification can serve to immobilize Cd and create a tougher barrier for entry. Changes in cell wall composition are, however, dependent on nutrients and conversely might affect their uptake. Additionally, the role of ascorbate (AsA) as most important apoplastic antioxidant is of considerable interest, due to the fact that oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying Cd toxicity, and that AsA biosynthesis shares several links with cell wall construction. In this review, modifications of the plant cell wall in response to Cd exposure are discussed. Focus lies on pectin in the primary cell wall, lignification in the secondary cell wall and the importance of AsA in the apoplast. Regarding lignification, we attempt to answer the question whether increased lignification is merely a consequence of Cd toxicity, or rather an elicited defense response. We propose a model for lignification as defense response, with a central role for hydrogen peroxide as substrate and signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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30
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Song J, Feng SJ, Chen J, Zhao WT, Yang ZM. A cadmium stress-responsive gene AtFC1 confers plant tolerance to cadmium toxicity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:187. [PMID: 29084526 PMCID: PMC5663144 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-essential trance metal such as cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants. Although some plants have developed elaborate strategies to deal with absorbed Cd through multiple pathways, the regulatory mechanisms behind the Cd tolerance are not fully understood. Ferrochelatase-1 (FC1, EC4.99.1.1) is the terminal enzyme of heme biosynthesis, catalyzing insertion of ferrous ion into protoporphyrin IX. Recent studies have shown that FC1 is involved in several physiological processes. However, its biological function associated with plant abiotic stress response is poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we showed that AtFC1 was transcriptionally activated by Cd exposure. AtFC1 overexpression (35S::FC1) lines accumulated more Cd and non-protein thiol compounds than wild-type, and conferred plant tolerance to Cd stress, with improved primary root elongation, biomass and chlorophyll (Chl) content, and low degree of oxidation associated with reduced H2O2, O·2- and peroxides. In contrast, the AtFC1 loss of functional mutant fc1 showed sensitivity to Cd stress. Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). To investigate the mechanism leading to the AtFC1 regulating Cd stress response in Arabidopsis, a transcriptome of fc1 mutant plants under Cd stress was profiled. Our data showed that disfunction of AtFC1 led to 913 genes specifically up-regulated and 522 genes down-regulated in fc1 mutants exposed to Cd. Some of the genes are involved in metal transporters, Cd-induced oxidative stress response, and detoxification. CONCLUSION These results indicate that AtFC1 would act as a positive regulator of plant tolerance to Cd stress. Our study will broaden our understanding of the role of FC1 in mediating plant response to Cd stress and provide a basis for further exploration of its downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Jun Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wen Ting Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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31
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Fukushima A, Iwasa M, Nakabayashi R, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Kusano M. Effects of Combined Low Glutathione with Mild Oxidative and Low Phosphorus Stress on the Metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1464. [PMID: 28894456 PMCID: PMC5581396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess highly sensitive mechanisms that monitor environmental stress levels for a dose-dependent fine-tuning of their growth and development. Differences in plant responses to severe and mild abiotic stresses have been recognized. Although many studies have revealed that glutathione can contribute to plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, little is known about the relationship between glutathione and mild abiotic stress, especially the effect of stress-induced altered glutathione levels on the metabolism. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to identify key pathways involved in the gene-to-metabolite networks perturbed by low glutathione content under mild abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. We used glutathione synthesis mutants (cad2-1 and pad2-1) and plants overexpressing the gene encoding γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. The plants were exposed to two mild stress conditions-oxidative stress elicited by methyl viologen and stress induced by the limited availability of phosphate. We observed that the mutants and transgenic plants showed similar shoot growth as that of the wild-type plants under mild abiotic stress. We then selected the synthesis mutants and performed multi-platform metabolomics and microarray experiments to evaluate the possible effects on the overall metabolome and the transcriptome. As a common oxidative stress response, several flavonoids that we assessed showed overaccumulation, whereas the mild phosphate stress resulted in increased levels of specific kaempferol- and quercetin-glycosides. Remarkably, in addition to a significant increased level of sugar, osmolytes, and lipids as mild oxidative stress-responsive metabolites, short-chain aliphatic glucosinolates over-accumulated in the mutants, whereas the level of long-chain aliphatic glucosinolates and specific lipids decreased. Coordinated gene expressions related to glucosinolate and flavonoid biosynthesis also supported the metabolite responses in the pad2-1 mutant. Our results suggest that glutathione synthesis mutants accelerate transcriptional regulatory networks to control the biosynthetic pathways involved in glutathione-independent scavenging metabolites, and that they might reconfigure the metabolic networks in primary and secondary metabolism, including lipids, glucosinolates, and flavonoids. This work provides a basis for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolic and transcriptional regulatory networks in response to combined low glutathione content with mild oxidative and nutrient stress in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mami Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.Funabashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
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Dai M, Lu H, Liu W, Jia H, Hong H, Liu J, Yan C. Phosphorus mediation of cadmium stress in two mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata differing in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:272-279. [PMID: 28161586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to environmental threats. In order to elucidate the effect of phosphorus (P) on cadmium (Cd) tolerance and physiological responses in mangroves under Cd stress, a mangrove specie with salt exclusion Kandelia obovata and a specie with salt secretion Avicennia marina were compared in a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in mangrove roots and that P addition induced Cd immobilisation in them. Cd stress significantly increased malonaldehyde content, whereas P significantly decreased malonaldehyde in mangroves. Phosphorus positively regulated the photosynthetic pigment, proline content and synthesis of non-protein thiols, glutathione and phytochelatins in the leaves under Cd stress conditions. The results suggest different adaptive strategies adopted by two mangroves in a complex environment and A. marina showed a stronger Cd tolerance than K. obovata. The study provides a theoretical basis for P mediated detoxification of Cd in mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang C, Peng F, Wang R, Xiao X, Zeng J, Kang H, Fan X, Sha L, Zhang H, Zhou Y. Transcriptomic Profiles Reveal the Interactions of Cd/Zn in Dwarf Polish Wheat ( Triticum polonicum L.) Roots. Front Physiol 2017; 8:168. [PMID: 28386232 PMCID: PMC5362637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different intra- or interspecific wheat show different interactions of Cd/Zn. Normally, Zn has been/being widely utilized to reduce the Cd toxicity. In the present study, the DPW seedlings exhibited strong Cd tolerance. Zn and Cd mutually inhibited their uptake in the roots, showed antagonistic Cd/Zn interactions. However, Zn promoted the Cd transport from the roots to shoots, showed synergistic. In order to discover the interactive molecular responses, a transcriptome, including 123,300 unigenes, was constructed using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Compared with CK, the expression of 1,269, 820, and 1,254 unigenes was significantly affected by Cd, Zn, and Cd+Zn, respectively. Only 381 unigenes were co-induced by these three treatments. Several metal transporters, such as cadmium-transporting ATPase and plant cadmium resistance 4, were specifically regulated by Cd+Zn. Other metal-related unigenes, such as ABC transporters, metal chelator, nicotianamine synthase (NAS), vacuolar iron transporters (VIT), metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL (YSL), and nitrate transporter (NRT), were regulated by Cd, but were not regulated by Cd+Zn. These results indicated that these transporters participated in the mutual inhibition of the Cd/Zn uptake in the roots, and also participated in the Cd transport, accumulation and detoxification. Meanwhile, some unigenes involved in other processes, such as oxidation-reduction, auxin metabolism, glutathione (GSH) metabolism nitrate transport, played different and important roles in the detoxification of these heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Ruijiao Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang, China
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Su C, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Ji H, Wang Y, Zhi L, Li X. RUG3 and ATM synergistically regulate the alternative splicing of mitochondrial nad2 and the DNA damage response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43897. [PMID: 28262819 PMCID: PMC5338318 DOI: 10.1038/srep43897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The root apical meristem (RAM) determines both RAM activity and the growth of roots. Plant roots are constantly exposed to adverse environmental stresses that can cause DNA damage or cell cycle arrest in the RAM; however, the mechanism linking root meristematic activity and RAM size to the DNA damage response (DDR) is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a loss of function in RCC1/UVR8/GEF-Like 3 (RUG3) substantially augmented the DDR and produced a cell cycle arrest in the RAM in rug3 mutant, leading to root growth retardation. Furthermore, the mutation of RUG3 caused increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and ROS scavengers improved the observed cell cycle arrest and reduced RAM activity level in rug3 plants. Most importantly, we detected a physical interaction between RUG3 and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a key regulator of the DDR, suggesting that they synergistically modulated the alternative splicing of nad2. Our findings reveal a novel synergistic effect of RUG3 and ATM on the regulation of mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, and the DDR in the RAM, and outline a protective mechanism for DNA damage repair and the restoration of mitochondrial function that involves RUG3-mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling and the activation of an ATM-mediated DDR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 050021, P.R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 050021, P.R. China.,Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei 050041, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Youning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhi
- Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Gielen H, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Cd-induced Cu deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana: are phytochelatins involved? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:390-400. [PMID: 27943310 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can disturb the homeostasis of essential elements. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd induces a squamosa promoter binding protein-like 7 (SPL7)-dependent Cu deficiency response. We investigated how Cd induces a Cu deficiency response. The Cu deficiency response consists of the active SPL7 transcription factor binding to GTAC motifs in promoters of among others several Cu transporters, a Cu chaperone, and cupro-miRNAs to regulate Cu homeostasis. We demonstrated that the addition of supplemental Cu to Cd-exposed A. thaliana plants diminished the Cu deficiency response in roots, while it even disappeared in leaves. Exposure of plants to Cd in combination with extra Cu reduced Cd levels in both roots and leaves resulting in an improved cellular oxidative state. Furthermore, we demonstrated a role for phytochelatins (PCs) in the Cd-induced Cu deficiency response, because it was reduced in roots of cad1-3 mutant plants exposed to Cd. In conclusion, a working mechanism is provided in which it is suggested that Cd increases PC levels that can complex both Cd and Cu. This results in cellular Cu deficiency and subsequently the activation of SPL7 and hence the induction of the Cu deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gielen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Abstract
Chemical, physical, and biotic factors continuously vary in the natural environment. Such parameters are considered as stressors if the magnitude of their change exceeds the current acclimation norm of the plant. Activation of genetic programs allows for conditional expansion of the acclimation norm and depends on specific sensing mechanisms, intracellular communication, and regulation. The redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) network plays a fundamental role in directing the acclimation response. These highly reactive compounds like H2O2 are generated and scavenged under normal conditions and participate in realizing a basal acclimation level. Spatial and temporal changes in ROS levels and redox state provide valuable information for regulating epigenetic processes, transcription factors (TF), translation, protein turnover, metabolic pathways, and cross-feed, e.g., into hormone-, NO-, or Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. At elevated ROS levels uncontrolled oxidation reactions compromise cell functions, impair fitness and yield, and in extreme cases may cause plant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, University Str. 25, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, University Str. 25, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
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37
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang C, Wang R, Peng F, Xiao X, Zeng J, Fan X, Kang H, Sha L, Zhang H, Zhou Y. Proteomic Profiling of the Interactions of Cd/Zn in the Roots of Dwarf Polish Wheat (Triticum polonicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1378. [PMID: 27683584 PMCID: PMC5021758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cd and Zn have been shown to interact antagonistically or synergistically in various plants. In the present study of dwarf polish wheat (DPW)roots, Cd uptake was inhibited by Zn, and Zn uptake was inhibited by Cd, suggesting that Cd and Zn interact antagonistically in this plant. A study of proteomic changes showed that Cd, Zn, and Cd+Zn stresses altered the expression of 206, 303, and 190 proteins respectively. Among these, 53 proteins were altered significantly in response to all these stresses (Cd, Zn, and Cd+Zn), whereas 58, 131, and 47 proteins were altered in response to individual stresses (Cd, Zn, and Cd+Zn, respectively). Sixty-one differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were induced in response to both Cd and Zn stresses; 33 proteins were induced in response to both Cd and Cd+Zn stresses; and 57 proteins were induced in response to both Zn and Cd+Zn stresses. These results indicate that Cd and Zn induce differential molecular responses, which result in differing interactions of Cd/Zn. A number of proteins that mainly participate in oxidation-reduction and GSH, SAM, and sucrose metabolisms were induced in response to Cd stress, but not Cd+Zn stress. This result indicates that these proteins participate in Zn inhibition of Cd uptake and ultimately cause Zn detoxification of Cd. Meanwhile, a number of proteins that mainly participate in sucrose and organic acid metabolisms and oxidation-reduction were induced in response to Zn stress but not Cd+Zn stress. This result indicates that these proteins participate in Cd inhibition of Zn uptake and ultimately cause the Cd detoxification of Zn. Other proteins induced in response to Cd, Zn, or Cd+Zn stress, participate in ribosome biogenesis, DNA metabolism, and protein folding/modification and may also participate in the differential defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Ruijiao Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan, China
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38
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Willems P, Mhamdi A, Stael S, Storme V, Kerchev P, Noctor G, Gevaert K, Van Breusegem F. The ROS Wheel: Refining ROS Transcriptional Footprints. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1720-33. [PMID: 27246095 PMCID: PMC4936575 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, microarray studies have delivered extensive inventories of transcriptome-wide changes in messenger RNA levels provoked by various types of oxidative stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous cross-study comparisons indicated how different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their subcellular accumulation sites are able to reshape the transcriptome in specific manners. However, these analyses often employed simplistic statistical frameworks that are not compatible with large-scale analyses. Here, we reanalyzed a total of 79 Affymetrix ATH1 microarray studies of redox homeostasis perturbation experiments. To create hierarchy in such a high number of transcriptomic data sets, all transcriptional profiles were clustered on the overlap extent of their differentially expressed transcripts. Subsequently, meta-analysis determined a single magnitude of differential expression across studies and identified common transcriptional footprints per cluster. The resulting transcriptional footprints revealed the regulation of various metabolic pathways and gene families. The RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG F-mediated respiratory burst had a major impact and was a converging point among several studies. Conversely, the timing of the oxidative stress response was a determining factor in shaping different transcriptome footprints. Our study emphasizes the need to interpret transcriptomic data sets in a systematic context, where initial, specific stress triggers can converge to common, aspecific transcriptional changes. We believe that these refined transcriptional footprints provide a valuable resource for assessing the involvement of ROS in biological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Graham Noctor
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., A.M., S.S., V.S., P.K., F.V.B.);Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (P.W., S.S., K.G.);Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.M., G.N.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 9213/Unité Mixte de Recherche 1403, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France (A.M., G.N.)
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Chen J, Yang L, Yan X, Liu Y, Wang R, Fan T, Ren Y, Tang X, Xiao F, Liu Y, Cao S. Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor ZAT6 Positively Regulates Cadmium Tolerance through the Glutathione-Dependent Pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:707-19. [PMID: 26983992 PMCID: PMC4854688 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with high toxicity to animals and plants. It has been established that the glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to Cd accumulation and tolerance in plants. However, the transcription factors involved in regulating GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway remain largely unknown. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Cd-resistant mutant xcd2-D (XVE system-induced cadmium-tolerance2) using a forward genetics approach. The mutant gene underlying xcd2-D mutation was revealed to encode a known zinc-finger transcription factor, ZAT6. Transgenic plants overexpressing ZAT6 showed significant increase of Cd tolerance, whereas loss of function of ZAT6 led to decreased Cd tolerance. Increased Cd accumulation and tolerance in ZAT6-overexpressing lines was GSH dependent and associated with Cd-activated synthesis of PC, which was correlated with coordinated activation of PC-synthesis related gene expression. By contrast, loss of function of ZAT6 reduced Cd accumulation and tolerance, which was accompanied by abolished PC synthesis and gene expression. Further analysis revealed that ZAT6 positively regulates the transcription of GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2, but ZAT6 is capable of specifically binding to GSH1 promoter in vivo. Consistently, overexpression of GSH1 has been shown to restore Cd sensitivity in the zat6-1 mutant, suggesting that GSH1 is a key target of ZAT6. Taken together, our data provide evidence that ZAT6 coordinately activates PC synthesis-related gene expression and directly targets GSH1 to positively regulate Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Libo Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Xingxing Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Yunlei Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Ren Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Tingting Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Yongbing Ren
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Fangming Xiao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China (J.C., L.Y., X.Y., Yu.L., R.W., T.F., Y.R., X.T., Yo.L., S.C.); andDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2339 (F.X.)
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Considine MJ, María Sandalio L, Helen Foyer C. Unravelling how plants benefit from ROS and NO reactions, while resisting oxidative stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:469-73. [PMID: 26649372 PMCID: PMC4578007 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO), play crucial roles in the signal transduction pathways that regulate plant growth, development and defence responses, providing a nexus of reduction/oxidation (redox) control that impacts on nearly every aspect of plant biology. Here we summarize current knowledge and concepts that lay the foundations of a new vision for ROS/RNS functions – particularly through signalling hubs – for the next decade. SCOPE Plants have mastered the art of redox control using ROS and RNS as secondary messengers to regulate a diverse range of protein functions through redox-based, post-translational modifications that act as regulators of molecular master-switches. Much current focus concerns the impact of this regulation on local and systemic signalling pathways, as well as understanding how such reactive molecules can be effectively used in the control of plant growth and stress responses. CONCLUSIONS The spectre of oxidative stress still overshadows much of our current philosophy and understanding of ROS and RNS functions. While many questions remain to be addressed – for example regarding inter-organellar regulation and communication, the control of hypoxia and how ROS/RNS signalling is used in plant cells, not only to trigger acclimation responses but also to create molecular memories of stress – it is clear that ROS and RNS function as vital signals of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6151 Australia
| | - Luisa María Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain and
| | - Christine Helen Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- *For correspondence. E-mail
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