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Wang J, Song Y, Wang G, Shi L, Shen Y, Liu W, Xu Y, Lou X, Jia W, Zhang M, Shang W, He S, Wang Z. PoARRO-1 regulates adventitious rooting through interaction with PoIAA27b in Paeonia ostii. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112204. [PMID: 39059631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a limiting factor in the vegetative propagation of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). PoARRO-1, which encodes an auxin oxidase involved in AR formation, plays a role in the root development of P. ostii, but its associated molecular regulatory mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the role of PoARRO-1 in AR formation in P. ostii. The overexpression of PoARRO-1 in P. ostii test-tube plantlets led to a notable enhancement in both the rooting rate and the average number of ARs in vitro, as well as increased activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO). PoARRO-1 was involved in the conversion of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu to OxIAA and promoted IAA oxidation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PoARRO-1 overexpression led to upregulation of enzyme activity, auxin metabolism related genes. Further analyses showed that PoARRO-1 interacted with the 1-175 aa position of PoIAA27b to regulate the formation of ARs. We therefore propose that PoARRO-1 interacts with PoIAA27b to promote AR formation, and it may be useful targets for enhancing the in vitro propagation of P. ostii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueyuan Lou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Jia
- School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Minhuan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Hao H, Xie B, Zhao D, Kang J, Jiang X, Gai Y. Proteomic insights into adventitious root formation in Larix kaempferi. J Proteomics 2024; 307:105288. [PMID: 39173904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The adventitious root formaton (ARF) in excised plant parts is essential for the survival of isolated plant fragments. In this study, we explored the complex mechanisms of ARF in Larix kaempferi by conducting a comprehensive proteomic analysis across three distinct stages: the induction of adventitious root primordia (C1, 0-25 d), the formation of adventitious root primordia (C2, 25-35 d), and the elongation of adventitious roots (C3, 35-45 d). We identified 1976 proteins, with 263 and 156 proteins exhibiting increased abundance in the C2/C1 and C3/C2 transitions, respectively. In contrast, a decrease in the abundance of 106 and 132 proteins suggests a significant demand for metabolic processes during the C2/C1 phase. The abundance of IAA-amino acid hydrolase and S-adenosylmethionine synthase were increased in the C2/C1 phase, underscoring the role of auxin in adventitious root induction. The decrease in abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins during the C2/C1 phase highlights the significance of initial light conditions in adventitious root induction. Moreover, variation in cell wall synthesis and metabolic proteins in the C2/C1 and C3/C2 stages suggests that cell wall metabolism is integral to adventitious root regeneration. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed pathways related to protein modification enzymes, including deubiquitinases and kinases, which are crucial for modulating protein modifications to promote ARF. Furthermore, the increased abundance of antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidases and glutathione peroxidases, indicates a potential approach for enhancing ARF by supplementing the culture medium with antioxidants. Our study provides insights into metabolic changes during ARF in L. kaempferi, offering strategies to enhance adventitious root regeneration. These findings have the potential to refine plant propagation techniques and expedite breeding processes. SIGNFICANCE: The main challenge in the asexual reproduction technology of Larix kaempferi lies in adventitious root formation (ARF). While numerous studies have concentrated on the efficiency of ARF, proteomic data are currently scarce. In this study, we collected samples from three stages of ARF in L. kaempferi and subsequently performed proteomic analysis. The data generated not only reveal changes in protein abundance but also elucidate key metabolic processes involved in ARF. These insights offer a novel perspective on addressing the challenge of adventurous root regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Baohui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Dadi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, 100083 Beijing, China.
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Vilasboa J. Anatomy of recalcitrance: integrated imaging and spectroscopy reveal features of hard-to-root rose cuttings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4680-4683. [PMID: 39192695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Wamhoff D, Gundel A, Wagner S, Ortleb S, Borisjuk L, Winkelmann T. 2024. Anatomical limitations in adventitious root formation revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, infrared spectroscopy, and histology of rose genotypes with contrasting rooting phenotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 4784–4801. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae158
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Wamhoff D, Gündel A, Wagner S, Ortleb S, Borisjuk L, Winkelmann T. Anatomical limitations in adventitious root formation revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, infrared spectroscopy, and histology of rose genotypes with contrasting rooting phenotypes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4784-4801. [PMID: 38606898 PMCID: PMC11350080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is one of the most important developmental processes in vegetative propagation. Although genotypic differences in rose rooting ability are well known, the causal factors are not well understood. The rooting of two contrasting genotypes, 'Herzogin Friederike' and 'Mariatheresia', was compared following a multiscale approach. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we non-invasively monitored the inner structure of stem cuttings during initiation and progression of AR formation for the first time. Spatially resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the chemical composition of the tissues involved in AR formation. The results were validated through light microscopy and complemented by immunolabelling. The outcome demonstrated similarity of both genotypes in root primordia formation, which did not result in root protrusion through the shoot cortex in the difficult-to-root genotype 'Mariatheresia'. The biochemical composition of the contrasting genotypes highlighted main differences in cell wall-associated components. Further spectroscopic analysis of 15 contrasting rose genotypes confirmed the biochemical differences between easy- and difficult-to-root groups. Collectively, our data indicate that it is not the lack of root primordia limiting AR formation in these rose genotypes, but the firmness of the outer stem tissue and/or cell wall modifications that pose a mechanical barrier and prevent root extension and protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wamhoff
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Gündel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Svante Arrhenius Väg 21 A Frescati Backe Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Masudi WL, Titilawo Y, Keshinro TA, Cowan AK. Isolation of bacteria with plant growth-promoting properties from microalgae-bacterial flocs produced in high-rate oxidation ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:4003-4016. [PMID: 37469005 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Exploring plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial activity of microbial components aggregated by wastewater treatment can reduce dependence on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers. This study describes the isolation and identification of bacteria from microalgae-bacteria flocs (MaB-flocs) generated in high-rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOP) of an integrated algal pond system (IAPS) remediating municipal wastewater. Amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis determined the molecular identity of the individual strains. Genetic relatedness to known PGP rhizobacteria in the NCBI GenBank database was by metagenomics. Isolated strains were screened for the production of indoles (measured as indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) and an ability to mineralise NH 4 + , PO 4 3 - , and K + . Of the twelve bacterial strains isolated from HRAOP MaB-flocs, four produced indoles, nine mineralised NH 4 + , seven solubilised P, and one K. Potential of isolated strains for PGP activity according to one-way ANOVA on ranks was: ECCN 7b > ECCN 4b > ECCN 6b > ECCN 3b = ECCN 10b > ECCN 1b = ECCN 5b > ECCN 8b > ECCN 2b > ECCN 12b > ECCN 9b = ECCN 11b. Further study revealed that cell-free filtrate from indole-producing cultures of Aeromonas strain ECCN 4b, Enterobacter strain ECCN 7b, and Arthrobacter strain ECCN 6b promoted mung bean adventitious root formation suggestive of the presence of auxin-like biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiya L Masudi
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University (EBRU), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Yinka Titilawo
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University (EBRU), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Taobat A Keshinro
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University (EBRU), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - A Keith Cowan
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University (EBRU), Makhanda, South Africa
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Chen C, Hu Y, Ikeuchi M, Jiao Y, Prasad K, Su YH, Xiao J, Xu L, Yang W, Zhao Z, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Gao J, Wang JW. Plant regeneration in the new era: from molecular mechanisms to biotechnology applications. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1338-1367. [PMID: 38833085 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants or tissues can be regenerated through various pathways. Like animal regeneration, cell totipotency and pluripotency are the molecular basis of plant regeneration. Detailed systematic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana gradually unravel the fundamental mechanisms and principles underlying plant regeneration. Specifically, plant hormones, cell division, epigenetic remodeling, and transcription factors play crucial roles in reprogramming somatic cells and reestablishing meristematic cells. Recent research on basal non-vascular plants and monocot crops has revealed that plant regeneration differs among species, with various plant species using distinct mechanisms and displaying significant differences in regenerative capacity. Conducting multi-omics studies at the single-cell level, tracking plant regeneration processes in real-time, and deciphering the natural variation in regenerative capacity will ultimately help understand the essence of plant regeneration, improve crop regeneration efficiency, and contribute to future crop design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kalika Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India.
- , Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), IGDB, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- CEPAMS, SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CEMPS, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA.
| | - Jian Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Castro-Camba R, Vielba JM, Rico S, Covelo P, Cernadas MJ, Vidal N, Sánchez C. Wounding-Related Signaling Is Integrated within the Auxin-Response Framework to Induce Adventitious Rooting in Chestnut. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:388. [PMID: 38540447 PMCID: PMC10970416 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounding and exogenous auxin are needed to induce adventitious roots in chestnut microshoots. However, the specific inductive role of wounding has not been characterized in this species. In the present work, two main goals were established: First, we prompted to optimize exogenous auxin treatments to improve the overall health status of the shoots at the end of the rooting cycle. Second, we developed a time-series transcriptomic analysis to compare gene expression in response to wounding alone and wounding plus auxin, focusing on the early events within the first days after treatments. Results suggest that the expression of many genes involved in the rooting process is under direct or indirect control of both stimuli. However, specific levels of expression of relevant genes are only attained when both treatments are applied simultaneously, leading to the successful development of roots. In this sense, we have identified four transcription factors upregulated by auxin (CsLBD16, CsERF113, Cs22D and CsIAA6), with some of them also being induced by wounding. The highest expression levels of these genes occurred when wounding and auxin treatments were applied simultaneously, correlating with the rooting response of the shoots. The results of this work clarify the genetic nature of the wounding response in chestnut, its relation to adventitious rooting, and might be helpful in the development of more specific protocols for the vegetative propagation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Conchi Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (J.M.V.); (S.R.); (P.C.); (M.J.C.); (N.V.)
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Uddin S, Munir MZ, Larriba E, Pérez-Pérez JM, Gull S, Pervaiz T, Mahmood U, Mahmood Z, Sun Y, Li Y. Temporal profiling of physiological, histological, and transcriptomic dissection during auxin-induced adventitious root formation in tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia micro-cuttings. PLANTA 2024; 259:66. [PMID: 38332379 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Optimal levels of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) applied at the stem base promote adventitious root (AR) initiation and primordia formation, thus promoting the rooting of leafy micro-cuttings of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia. Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a widely cultivated tree in most regions of China that has a hard-rooting capability, propagated by stem cuttings. This study utilizes histological, physiological, and transcriptomic approaches to explore how root primordia are induced after indole butyric acid (IBA) treatment of micro-cuttings. IBA application promoted cell divisions in some cells within the vasculature, showing subcellular features associated with adventitious root (AR) founder cells. The anatomical structure explicitly showed that AR initiated from the cambium layer and instigate the inducible development of AR primordia. Meanwhile, the hormone data showed that similar to that of indole-3-acetic acid, the contents of trans-zeatin and abscisic acid peaked at early stages of AR formation and increased gradually in primordia formation across the subsequent stages, suggesting their indispensable roles in AR induction. On the contrary, 24-epibrassinolide roughly maintained at extremely high levels during primordium initiation thoroughly, indicating its presence was involved in cell-specific reorganization during AR development. Furthermore, antioxidant activities transiently increased in the basal region of micro-cuttings and may serve as biochemical indicators for distinct rooting phases, potentially aiding in AR formation. Transcriptomic analysis during the early stages of root formation shows significant downregulation of the abscisic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways, while ethylene and cytokinin signaling seems upregulated. Network analysis of genes involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthesis indicates that the basal region of the micro-cuttings undergoes rapid reprogramming, which results in the breakdown of sugars into pyruvate. This pyruvate is then utilized to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby sustaining growth through aerobic respiration. Collectively, our findings provide a time-course morphophysiological dissection and also suggest the regulatory role of a conserved auxin module in AR development in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Uddin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Munir
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Sadia Gull
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 22963, USA
| | - Umer Mahmood
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Tian Y, Yang W, Wan S, Fang S. Insights into the Hormone-Regulating Mechanism of Adventitious Root Formation in Softwood Cuttings of Cyclocarya paliurus and Optimization of the Hormone-Based Formula for Promoting Rooting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1343. [PMID: 38279343 PMCID: PMC10816064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is vital for successful cutting propagation in plants, while the dynamic regulation of phytohormones is viewed as one of the most important factors affecting AR formation. Cyclocarya paliurus, a hard-to-root plant, is faced with the bottleneck of cloning its superior varieties in practice. In this study, ten treatments were designed to figure out the best hormone-based formula for promoting AR formation in softwood cuttings and explore their hormone-regulating mechanisms. Both the rooting process and the rooting parameters of the softwood cuttings were significantly affected by different hormone-based formulas (p < 0.05), while the greatest rooting rate (93%) and root quality index were achieved in the H3 formula (SR3:IR3 = 1:1). Significant differences in the measured phytohormone concentrations, as well as in their ratios, were detected among the cuttings sampled at various AR formation stages (p < 0.05), whereas the dynamics for each phytohormone varied greatly during AR formation. The transcriptome analysis showed 12,028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified during the rooting process of C. paliurus cuttings, while the KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that a total of 20 KEGG terms were significantly enriched in all the comparison samples, with 253 DEGs detected in signal transduction. Furthermore, 19 genes with vital functions in regulating the hormone signaling pathway were identified by means of a WGCNA analysis. Our results not only optimize a hormone-based formula for improving the rooting of C. paliurus cuttings but also provide an insight into the hormonal regulatory network during AR formation in softwood C. paliurus cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.T.); (W.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Wanxia Yang
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.T.); (W.Y.); (S.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shiying Wan
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.T.); (W.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.T.); (W.Y.); (S.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Du Q, Song K, Wang L, Du L, Du H, Li B, Li H, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu P. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Promotes the Understanding of Adventitious Root Formation in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38202444 PMCID: PMC10780705 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As a primary approach to nutrient propagation for many woody plants, cutting roots is essential for the breeding and production of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. In this study, hormone level, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses were performed on two E. ulmoides varieties with different adventitious root (AR) formation abilities. The higher JA level on the 0th day and the lower JA level on the 18th day promoted superior AR development. Several hub genes executed crucial roles in the crosstalk regulation of JA and other hormones, including F-box protein (EU012075), SAUR-like protein (EU0125382), LOB protein (EU0124232), AP2/ERF transcription factor (EU0128499), and CYP450 protein (EU0127354). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites of AR formation were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The up-regulated expression of PAL, CCR, CAD, DFR, and HIDH genes on the 18th day could contribute to AR formation. The 130 cis-acting lncRNAs had potential regulatory functions on hub genes in the module that significantly correlated with JA and DEGs in three metabolism pathways. These revealed key molecules, and vital pathways provided more comprehensive insight for the AR formation mechanism of E. ulmoides and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangkang Song
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Hongyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Bin Li
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Haozhen Li
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Panfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Q.D.); (L.W.); (L.D.); (H.D.)
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11
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Chen K, Zhang X, Li Z, Wang W, Lv G, Yu Q, Liu G, Yang C, Jiang J. BpWOX11 promotes adventitious root formation in Betula pendula. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38163907 PMCID: PMC10759540 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is a key step in vegetative propagation via cuttings. It is crucial for establishing birch plantations and preserve birch varieties. Although previous studies have highlighted role of WOX11 in controlling adventitious root formation, no such study has been conducted in birch. Understanding the mechanism of adventitious root formation is essential for improvement of rooting or survival rate using stem cuttings in birch. In this study, we cloned BpWOX11 and produced BpWOX11 overexpression (OE) transgenic lines using the Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. OE lines exhibited early initiated adventitious root formation, leading to increase the rooting rate of stem cuttings plants. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OE lines induced the gene expression related to expansin and cell division pathway, as well as defense and stress response genes. These may be important factors for the BpWOX11 gene to promote adventitious root formation in birch cuttings. The results of this study will help to further understand the molecular mechanisms controlling the formation of adventitious roots in birch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhenglun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guanbin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics And Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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12
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Ricci A, Polverini E, Bruno S, Dramis L, Ceresini D, Scarano A, Diaz-Sala C. New Insights into the Enhancement of Adventitious Root Formation Using N,N'-Bis(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37896073 PMCID: PMC10610038 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a process of postembryonic organogenesis strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors. Although adventitious rooting has been exploited in vegetative propagation programs for many plant species, it is a bottleneck for vegetative multiplication of difficult-to-root species, such as many woody species. The purpose of this research was to understand how N,N'-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea could exert its already reported adventitious rooting adjuvant activity, starting from the widely accepted knowledge that adventitious rooting is a hormonally tuned progressive process. Here, by using specific in vitro bioassays, histological analyses, molecular docking simulations and in vitro enzymatic bioassays, we have demonstrated that this urea derivative does not interfere with polar auxin transport; it inhibits cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX); and, possibly, it interacts with the apoplastic portion of the auxin receptor ABP1. As a consequence of this dual binding capacity, the lifespan of endogenous cytokinins could be locally increased and, at the same time, auxin signaling could be favored. This combination of effects could lead to a cell fate transition, which, in turn, could result in increased adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Polverini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Dramis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Ceresini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmen Diaz-Sala
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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13
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Godínez-Mendoza PL, Rico-Chávez AK, Ferrusquía-Jimenez NI, Carbajal-Valenzuela IA, Villagómez-Aranda AL, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Plant hormesis: Revising of the concepts of biostimulation, elicitation and their application in a sustainable agricultural production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:164883. [PMID: 37348730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Current research in basic and applied knowledge of plant science has aimed to unravel the role of the interaction between environmental factors and the genome in the physiology of plants to confer the ability to overcome challenges in a climate change scenario. Evidence shows that factors causing environmental stress (stressors), whether of biological, chemical, or physical origin, induce eustressing or distressing effects in plants depending on the dose. The latter suggests the induction of the "hormesis" phenomenon. Sustainable crop production requires a better understanding of hormesis, its basic concepts, and the input variables to make its management feasible. This implies that acknowledging hormesis in plant research could allow specifying beneficial effects to effectively manage environmental stressors according to cultivation goals. Several factors have been useful in this regard, which at low doses show beneficial eustressing effects (biostimulant/elicitor), while at higher doses, they show distressing toxic effects. These insights highlight biostimulants/elicitors as tools to be included in integrated crop management strategies for reaching sustainability in plant science and agricultural studies. In addition, compelling evidence on the inheritance of elicited traits in plants unfolds the possibility of implementing stressors as a tool in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo L Godínez-Mendoza
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Amanda K Rico-Chávez
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Noelia I Ferrusquía-Jimenez
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ireri A Carbajal-Valenzuela
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana L Villagómez-Aranda
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Ramon G Guevara-González
- Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, C.P 76265 El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico.
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14
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Wamhoff D, Patzer L, Schulz DF, Debener T, Winkelmann T. GWAS of adventitious root formation in roses identifies a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase (SAC9) for marker-assisted selection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287452. [PMID: 37595005 PMCID: PMC10437954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose propagation by cuttings is limited by substantial genotypic differences in adventitious root formation. To identify possible genetic factors causing these differences and to develop a marker for marker-assisted selection for high rooting ability, we phenotyped 95 cut and 95 garden rose genotypes in a hydroponic rooting system over 6 weeks. Data on rooting percentage after 3 to 6 weeks, root number, and root fresh mass were highly variable among genotypes and used in association mappings performed on genotypic information from the WagRhSNP 68 K Axiom SNP array for roses. GWAS analyses revealed only one significantly associated SNP for rooting percentage after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, prominent genomic regions/peaks were observed and further analysed for rooting percentage after 6 weeks, root number and root fresh mass. Some of the SNPs in these peak regions were associated with large effects on adventitious root formation traits. Very prominent were ten SNPs, which were all located in a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC9 on chromosome 2 and showed very high effects on rooting percentage after 6 weeks of more than 40% difference between nulliplex and quadruplex genotypes. SAC9 was reported to be involved in the regulation of endocytosis and in combination with other members of the SAC gene family to regulate the translocation of auxin-efflux PIN proteins via the dephosphorylation of phosphoinositides. For one SNP within SAC9, a KASP marker was successfully derived and used to select genotypes with a homozygous allele configuration. Phenotyping these homozygous genotypes for adventitious root formation verified the SNP allele dosage effect on rooting. Hence, the presented KASP derived from a SNP located in SAC9 can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for high rooting ability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wamhoff
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laurine Patzer
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar Frank Schulz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Wen Z, Chen Z, Liu X, Sun J, Zhang F, Zhang M, Dong C. 24-Epibrassinolide Facilitates Adventitious Root Formation by Coordinating Cell-Wall Polyamine Oxidase- and Plasma Membrane Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Capsicum annuum L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1451. [PMID: 37507989 PMCID: PMC10376213 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical process in cutting propagation of horticultural plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been shown to regulate AR formation in several plant species; however, little is known about their exact effects on pepper AR formation, and the downstream signaling of BRs also remains elusive. In this study, we showed that treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL, an active BR) at the concentrations of 20-100 nM promoted AR formation in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Furthermore, we investigated the roles of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2•-), in EBL-promoted AR formation, by using physiological, histochemical, bioinformatic, and biochemical approaches. EBL promoted AR formation by modulating cell-wall-located polyamine oxidase (PAO)-dependent H2O2 production and respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH)-dependent O2•- production, respectively. Screening of CaPAO and CaRBOH gene families combined with gene expression analysis suggested that EBL-promoted AR formation correlated with the upregulation of CaPAO1, CaRBOH2, CaRBOH5, and CaRBOH6 in the AR zone. Transient expression analysis confirmed that CaPAO1 was able to produce H2O2, and CaRBOH2, CaRBOH5, and CaRBOH6 were capable of producing O2•-. The silencing of CaPAO1, CaRBOH2, CaRBOH5, and CaRBOH6 in pepper decreased the ROS accumulation and abolished the EBL-induced AR formation. Overall, these results uncover one of the regulatory pathways for BR-regulated AR formation, and extend our knowledge of the functions of BRs and of the BRs-ROS crosstalk in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunjuan Dong
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
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16
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Winkelmann T, Bringmann G, Herwig A, Hedrich R. Carnivory on demand: phosphorus deficiency induces glandular leaves in the African liana Triphyophyllum peltatum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37191044 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Triphyophyllum peltatum, a rare tropical African liana, is unique in its facultative carnivory. The trigger for carnivory is yet unknown, mainly because the plant is difficult to propagate and cultivate. This study aimed at identifying the conditions that result in the formation of carnivorous leaves. In vitro shoots were subjected to abiotic stressors in general and deficiencies of the major nutrients nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in particular, to trigger carnivorous leaves' development. Adventitious root formation was improved to allow verification of the trigger in glasshouse-grown plants. Among all the stressors tested, only under phosphorus deficiency, the formation of carnivorous leaves was observed. These glandular leaves fully resembled those found under natural growing conditions including the secretion of sticky liquid by mature capture organs. To generate plants for glasshouse experiments, a pulse of 55.4 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was essential to achieve 90% in vitro rooting. This plant material facilitated the confirmation of phosphorus starvation to be essential and sufficient for carnivory induction, also under ex vitro conditions. Having established the cultivation of T. peltatum and the induction of carnivory, future gene expression profiles from phosphorus starvation-induced leaves will provide important insight to the molecular mechanism of carnivory on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Herwig
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant-Physiology and Biophysics - Botany I, University of Würzburg, Biocentre, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Kong L, Wang Y, Li M, Cai C, Li L, Wang R, Shen W. A methane-cGMP module positively influences adventitious rooting. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03019-4. [PMID: 37084115 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Endogenous cGMP operates downstream of CH4 control of adventitious rooting, following by the regulation in the expression of cell cycle regulatory and auxin signaling-related genes. Methane (CH4) is a natural product from plants and microorganisms. Although exogenously applied CH4 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are separately confirmed to be involved in the control of adventitious root (AR) formation, the possible interaction still remains elusive. Here, we observed that exogenous CH4 not only rapidly promoted cGMP synthesis through increasing the activity of guanosine cyclase (GC), but also induced cucumber AR development. These responses were obviously impaired by the removal of endogenous cGMP with two GC inhibitors. Anatomical evidence showed that the emerged stage (V) among AR primordia development might be the main target of CH4-cGMP module. Genetic evidence revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis that overexpressed the methyl-coenzyme M reductase gene (MtMCR) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum not only increased-cGMP production, but also resulted in a pronounced AR development compared to wild-type (WT), especially with the addition of CH4 or the cell-permeable cGMP derivative 8-Br-cGMP. qPCR analysis confirmed that some marker genes associated with cell cycle regulatory and auxin signaling were closely related to the brand-new CH4-cGMP module in AR development. Overall, our results clearly revealed an important function of cGMP in CH4 governing AR formation by modulating auxin-dependent pathway and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshuai Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueqiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenxu Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Longna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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18
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Ai Y, Qian X, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Chao Y, Zhao Y. Uncovering early transcriptional regulation during adventitious root formation in Medicago sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:176. [PMID: 37016323 PMCID: PMC10074720 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as an important legume plant can quickly produce adventitious roots (ARs) to form new plants by cutting. But the regulatory mechanism of AR formation in alfalfa remains unclear. RESULTS To better understand the rooting process of alfalfa cuttings, plant materials from four stages, including initial separation stage (C stage), induction stage (Y stage), AR primordium formation stage (P stage) and AR maturation stage (S stage) were collected and used for RNA-Seq. Meanwhile, three candidate genes (SAUR, VAN3 and EGLC) were selected to explore their roles in AR formation. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Y-vs-C (9,724) and P-vs-Y groups (6,836) were larger than that of S-vs-P group (150), indicating highly active in the early AR formation during the complicated development process. Pathways related to cell wall and sugar metabolism, root development, cell cycle, stem cell, and protease were identified, indicating that these genes were involved in AR production. A large number of hormone-related genes associated with the formation of alfalfa ARs have also been identified, in which auxin, ABA and brassinosteroids are thought to play key regulatory roles. Comparing with TF database, it was found that AP2/ERF-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, NAC, MYB, C2H2, bZIP, GRAS played a major regulatory role in the production of ARs of alfalfa. Furthermore, three identified genes showed significant promotion effect on AR formation. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of stem basal cells in alfalfa by cutting induced AR production through the regulation of various hormones, transcription factors and kinases. This study provides new insights of AR formation in alfalfa and enriches gene resources in crop planting and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuehui Chao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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19
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El-Banna MF, Farag NBB, Massoud HY, Kasem MM. Exogenous IBA stimulated adventitious root formation of Zanthoxylum beecheyanum K. Koch stem cutting: Histo-physiological and phytohormonal investigation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107639. [PMID: 36989985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Poor rooting performance of Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum beecheyanum K. Koch) shrub is a restriction for its commercial production. This investigation was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the exogenous application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on adventitious root (AR) formation and some morpho-physiological, biochemical, and histological alterations associated with rhizogenesis events. IBA, at 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1, gave comparable effects for improving the performance of rooting architecture compared to the control treatment. The AR primordia of Z. beecheyanum originated from two distinct developmental pathways: (i) direct genesis from cells in the cambial zone and nearby tissues, and (ii) indirect genesis from cells in callus tissues. Rooting process involved four phases: (i) induction at 0-10 days after planting (DAP), (ii) initiation at 10-15 DAP, (iii) formation of the root primordia (Rp) at 15-20 DAP, and (iv) root extension at 20-30 DAP. Cuttings' inductive phase correlated temporarily with intensive cell divisions, high levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GA3). However, IBA application led to a pronounced increase in soluble sugars and phenolic content. The initiation phase was accompanied by a histological appearance of meristemoids. This phase was also stimulated by the subsequent generation of low IAA and high GA3 contents. In the development of Rp and root extension phases, prominent Rp formation in the cambium and complete differentiation with vascular tissues continued with that of the stem cuttings. In essence, the current study provides insights into the morphological, histo-physiological, and phytohormonal alterations in stem cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa F El-Banna
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nardin B B Farag
- Vegetable and Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Hekmat Y Massoud
- Vegetable and Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kasem
- Vegetable and Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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20
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Ran N, Liu S, Qi H, Wang J, Shen T, Xu W, Xu M. Long Non-Coding RNA lncWOX11a Suppresses Adventitious Root Formation of Poplar by Regulating the Expression of PeWOX11a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5766. [PMID: 36982841 PMCID: PMC10057709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of poorly conserved transcripts without protein-encoding ability, are widely involved in plant organogenesis and stress responses by mediating the transmission and expression of genetic information at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels. Here, we cloned and characterized a novel lncRNA molecule through sequence alignment, Sanger sequencing, transient expression in protoplasts, and genetic transformation in poplar. lncWOX11a is a 215 bp transcript located on poplar chromosome 13, ~50 kbp upstream of PeWOX11a on the reverse strand, and the lncRNA may fold into a series of complex stem-loop structures. Despite the small open reading frame (sORF) of 51 bp within lncWOX11a, bioinformatics analysis and protoplast transfection revealed that lncWOX11a has no protein-coding ability. The overexpression of lncWOX11a led to a decrease in the quantity of adventitious roots on the cuttings of transgenic poplars. Further, cis-regulatory module prediction and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments with poplar protoplasts demonstrated that lncWOX11a acts as a negative regulator of adventitious rooting by downregulating the WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene WOX11, which is supposed to activate adventitious root development in plants. Collectively, our findings imply that lncWOX11a is essential for modulating the formation and development of adventitious roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Sian Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Haoran Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Tengfei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
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21
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Karapatzak E, Papagrigoriou T, Papanastasi K, Dichala O, Karydas A, Nikisianis N, Patakioutas G, Lazari D, Krigas N, Maloupa E. From the Wild to the Field: Documentation, Propagation, Pilot Cultivation, Fertilization, and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Neglected and Underutilized Amelanchier ovalis Medik. (Rosaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051142. [PMID: 36904004 PMCID: PMC10006941 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The snowy Mespilus, or serviceberry (Amelanchier ovalis Medik., Rosaceae) represents a neglected and underutilized small fruit tree species with high nutritional value. In this work, we present the results of a long-term study facilitating the sustainable exploitation of A. ovalis as a new germplasm resource from the Greek flora. Ten wild-growing population samples of A. ovalis have been collected from natural habitats in northern Greece. Asexual propagation trials on these materials delivered successful propagation (83.3% rooting) on a selected genotype via leafy cuttings of young, primary, non-lignified soft wood with the application of the rooting hormone. The ex situ cultivation potential of the selected genotype has been evaluated under distinct fertilization regimes in a pilot field trial. Three-year results of this ongoing trial have shown that A. ovalis does not require external nutrient enhancement to be established during its early stages since plant growth rates between conventional fertilization and control plants were similar for the first two years and higher compared to organic fertilization. Conventional fertilization delivered higher fresh fruit production in the third year, with higher fruit number and fruit size compared to organic fertilization and control plants. The phytochemical potential of the cultivated genotype was assessed via the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of separate extracts from leaves, twigs, flowers, and young fruits, which revealed that individual plant organs have strong antioxidant activity despite their moderate total phenolic content. The multifaceted approach applied herein has provided novel data that may set the framework for further applied research toward the sustainable agronomic exploitation of Greek A. ovalis as a diversified superfood crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Karapatzak
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310471110 (N.K.)
| | - Theodora Papagrigoriou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanastasi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Dichala
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Karydas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikisianis
- Systems of Forest and Environmental Development (SYSTADA), 8 Amasia, 55133 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina (UOI), 47100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310471110 (N.K.)
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Altamura MM, Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, Falasca G, Betti C. New Paradigms in Brassinosteroids, Strigolactones, Sphingolipids, and Nitric Oxide Interaction in the Control of Lateral and Adventitious Root Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020413. [PMID: 36679126 PMCID: PMC9864901 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The root system is formed by the primary root (PR), which forms lateral roots (LRs) and, in some cases, adventitious roots (ARs), which in turn may produce their own LRs. The formation of ARs is also essential for vegetative propagation in planta and in vitro and for breeding programs. Root formation and branching is coordinated by a complex developmental network, which maximizes the plant's ability to cope with abiotic stress. Rooting is also a response caused in a cutting by wounding and disconnection from the donor plant. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid molecules perceived at the cell surface. They act as plant-growth-regulators (PGRs) and modulate plant development to provide stress tolerance. BRs and auxins control the formation of LRs and ARs. The auxin/BR interaction involves other PGRs and compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO), strigolactones (SLs), and sphingolipids (SPLs). The roles of these interactions in root formation and plasticity are still to be discovered. SLs are carotenoid derived PGRs. SLs enhance/reduce LR/AR formation depending on species and culture conditions. These PGRs possibly crosstalk with BRs. SPLs form domains with sterols within cellular membranes. Both SLs and SPLs participate in plant development and stress responses. SPLs are determinant for auxin cell-trafficking, which is essential for the formation of LRs/ARs in planta and in in vitro systems. Although little is known about the transport, trafficking, and signaling of SPLs, they seem to interact with BRs and SLs in regulating root-system growth. Here, we review the literature on BRs as modulators of LR and AR formation, as well as their crosstalk with SLs and SPLs through NO signaling. Knowledge on the control of rooting by these non-classical PGRs can help in improving crop productivity and enhancing AR-response from cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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23
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Wan Q, Zhai N, Xie D, Liu W, Xu L. WOX11: the founder of plant organ regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 36596978 PMCID: PMC9810776 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either in natural conditions, e.g. adventitious root regeneration from the wounded sites of detached leaves or stems, or in in-vitro tissue culture, e.g. organ regeneration from callus. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the molecular mechanism of de novo organ regeneration, focusing on the role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX11 is a direct target of the auxin signaling pathway, and it is expressed in, and regulates the establishment of, the founder cell during de novo root regeneration and callus formation. WOX11 activates the expression of its target genes to initiate root and callus primordia. Therefore, WOX11 links upstream auxin signaling to downstream cell fate transition during regeneration. We also discuss the role of WOX11 in diverse species and its evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ning Zhai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dixiang Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wu Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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24
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Martínková J, Motyka V, Bitomský M, Adamec L, Dobrev PI, Filartiga A, Filepová R, Gaudinová A, Lacek J, Klimešová J. What determines root-sprouting ability: Injury or phytohormones? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16102. [PMID: 36371783 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Root-sprouting (RS) is an evolutionarily independent alternative to axillary stem branching for a plant to attain its architecture. Root-sprouting plants are better adapted to disturbance than non-RS plants, and their vigor is frequently boosted by biomass removal. Nevertheless, RS plants are rarer than plants that are not root-sprouters, possibly because they must overcome developmental barriers such as intrinsic phytohormonal balance or because RS ability is conditioned by injury to the plant body. The objective of this study was to identify whether phytohormones or injury enable RS. METHODS In a greenhouse experiment, growth variables, root respiration, and phytohormones were analyzed in two closely related clonal herbs that differ in RS ability (spontaneously RS Inula britannica and rhizomatous non-RS I. salicina) with and without severe biomass removal. RESULTS As previously reported, I. britannica is a root-sprouter, but injury did not boost its RS ability. Root respiration did not differ between the two species and decreased continuously with time irrespectively of injury, but their phytohormone profiles differed significantly. In RS species, the auxins-to-cytokinins ratio was low, and injury further decreased it. CONCLUSIONS This first attempt to test drivers behind different plant growth forms suggests that intrinsic phytohormone regulation, especially the auxins-to-cytokinins ratio, might be behind RS ability. Injury, causing a phytohormonal imbalance, seems to be less important in spontaneously RS species than expected for RS species in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Martínková
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bitomský
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Arinawa Filartiga
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Gaudinová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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25
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Omary M, Matosevich R, Efroni I. Systemic control of plant regeneration and wound repair. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:408-413. [PMID: 36101501 PMCID: PMC10092612 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a broad capacity to regenerate damaged organs. The study of wounding in multiple developmental systems has uncovered many of the molecular properties underlying plants' competence for regeneration at the local cellular level. However, in nature, wounding is rarely localized to one place, and plants need to coordinate regeneration responses at multiple tissues with environmental conditions and their physiological state. Here, we review the evidence for systemic signals that regulate regeneration on a plant-wide level. We focus on the role of auxin and sugars as short- and long-range signals in natural wounding contexts and discuss the varied origin of these signals in different regeneration scenarios. Together, this evidence calls for a broader, system-wide view of plant regeneration competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
| | - Rotem Matosevich
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
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26
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Pei L, Zhao Y, Shi X, Chen R, Yan J, Li X, Jiang Z, Wang J, Shi S. The Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the Occurrence of Adventitious Roots and Somatic Embryos in Woody Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3512. [PMID: 36559624 PMCID: PMC9784130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of adventitious roots and somatic embryos is a crucial step in micropropagation that frequently limits the application of this technique in woody plants. Recent studies demonstrated that they can be negatively or positively regulated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a four-carbon non-proteinous amino acid that not only acts as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. It has been reported that GABA affects plant growth and their response to stress although its mode of action is still unclear. This review dealt with the effects of GABA on adventitious root formation and growth as well as on somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, we focused on discussing the interaction of GABA with phytohormones, such as auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellin, as well as with the carbon and nitrogen metabolism during adventitious root development. We suggested that research on GABA will contribute to the application of micropropagation in the recalcitrant fruit and forest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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27
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Vielba JM, Rico S, Sevgin N, Castro-Camba R, Covelo P, Vidal N, Sánchez C. Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals a Putative Role for Hormone Signaling and MADS-Box Genes in Mature Chestnut Shoots Rooting Recalcitrance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3486. [PMID: 36559597 PMCID: PMC9786281 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maturation imposes several changes in plants, which are particularly drastic in the case of trees. In recalcitrant woody species, such as chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), one of the major maturation-related shifts is the loss of the ability to form adventitious roots in response to auxin treatment as the plant ages. To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, an in vitro model system of two different lines of microshoots derived from the same field-grown tree was established. While juvenile-like shoots root readily when treated with exogenous auxin, microshoots established from the crown of the tree rarely form roots. In the present study, a transcriptomic analysis was developed to compare the gene expression patterns in both types of shoots 24 h after hormone and wounding treatment, matching the induction phase of the process. Our results support the hypothesis that the inability of adult chestnut tissues to respond to the inductive treatment relies in a deep change of gene expression imposed by maturation that results in a significant transcriptome modification. Differences in phytohormone signaling seem to be the main cause for the recalcitrant behavior of mature shoots, with abscisic acid and ethylene negatively influencing the rooting ability of the chestnut plants. We have identified a set of related MADS-box genes whose expression is modified but not suppressed by the inductive treatment in mature shoots, suggesting a putative link of their activity with the rooting-recalcitrant behavior of this material. Overall, distinct maturation-derived auxin sensibility and homeostasis, and the related modifications in the balance with other phytohormones, seem to govern the outcome of the process in each type of shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saleta Rico
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nevzat Sevgin
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Horticulture, University of Sirnak, 73100 Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Ricardo Castro-Camba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Purificación Covelo
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nieves Vidal
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Conchi Sánchez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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28
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Ayala PG, Acevedo RM, Luna CV, Rivarola M, Acuña C, Marcucci Poltri S, González AM, Sansberro PA. Transcriptome Dynamics of Rooting Zone and Leaves during In Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Eucalyptus nitens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233301. [PMID: 36501341 PMCID: PMC9740172 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood properties and agronomic traits associated with fast growth and frost tolerance make Eucalyptus nitens a valuable forest alternative. However, the rapid age-related decline in the adventitious root (AR) formation (herein, meaning induction, initiation, and expression stages) limits its propagation. We analyzed transcriptomic profile variation in leaves and stem bases during AR induction of microcuttings to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in AR formation. In addition, we quantified expressions of candidate genes associated with recalcitrance. We delimited the ontogenic phases of root formation using histological techniques and Scarecrow and Short-Root expression quantification for RNA sequencing sample collection. We quantified the gene expressions associated with root meristem formation, auxin biosynthesis, perception, signaling, conjugation, and cytokinin signaling in shoots harvested from 2- to 36-month-old plants. After IBA treatment, 702 transcripts changed their expressions. Several were involved in hormone homeostasis and the signaling pathways that determine cell dedifferentiation, leading to root meristem formation. In part, the age-related decline in the rooting capacity is attributable to the increase in the ARR1 gene expression, which negatively affects auxin homeostasis. The analysis of the transcriptomic variation in the leaves and rooting zones provided profuse information: (1) To elucidate the auxin metabolism; (2) to understand the hormonal and signaling processes involved; (3) to collect data associated with their recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Ayala
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Mejoramiento Genético Forestal, INTA-EEA Concordia, CC 34, Concordia E3200AQK, Argentina
| | - Raúl M. Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Claudia V. Luna
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Cintia Acuña
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Susana Marcucci Poltri
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Ana M. González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Pedro A. Sansberro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +54-3794427589
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Vilasboa J, Da Costa CT, Fett-Neto AG. Environmental Modulation of Mini-Clonal Gardens for Cutting Production and Propagation of Hard- and Easy-to-Root Eucalyptus spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3281. [PMID: 36501321 PMCID: PMC9740115 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clonal Eucalyptus propagation is essential for various industry sectors. It requires cuttings to successfully develop adventitious roots (ARs). Environmental conditions are influential on AR development and may be altered to modulate the productivity of hard-to-root clones. The current knowledge gap in research on the physiological patterns underlying commercial-scale propagation results hinders the design of novel strategies. This study aimed to identify patterns of variation in AR-relevant parameters in contrasting seasons and species with distinct rooting performances. E. dunnii and E. ×urograndis (hard- (hardR) and easy-to-root (easyR), respectively) mini-stumps were subjected to light modulation treatments and to mini-tunnel use (MT) for a year. The treatment impact on the branching and rooting rates was recorded. The carbohydrate content, AR-related gene expression, and mineral nutrition profiles of cuttings from the control (Ctrl) and treated mini-stumps were analyzed. Light treatments were often detrimental to overall productivity, while MTs had a positive effect during summer, when it altered the cutting leaf nutrient profiles. Species and seasonality played large roles in all the assessed parameters. E. ×urograndis was particularly susceptible to seasonality, and its overall superior performance correlated with changes in its gene expression profile from excision to AR formation. These patterns indicate fundamental differences between easyR and hardR clones that contribute to the design of data-driven management strategies aiming to enhance propagation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnatan Vilasboa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Cibele T. Da Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Arthur G. Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
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Tzeela P, Yechezkel S, Serero O, Eliyahu A, Sherf S, Manni Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Carmelli-Weissberg M, Shaya F, Dwivedi V, Sadot E. Comparing adventitious root-formation and graft-unification abilities in clones of Argania spinosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002703. [PMID: 36452103 PMCID: PMC9702570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Argania spinosa trees have attracted attention in recent years due to their high resistance to extreme climate conditions. Initial domestication activities practiced in Morocco. Here we report on selection and vegetative propagation of A. spinosa trees grown in Israel. Trees yielding relatively high amounts of fruit were propagated by rooting of stem cuttings. High variability in rooting ability was found among the 30 clones selected. In-depth comparison of a difficult-to-root (ARS7) and easy-to-root (ARS1) clone revealed that the rooted cuttings of ARS7 have a lower survival rate than those of ARS1. In addition, histological analysis of the adventitious root primordia showed many abnormal fused primordia in ARS7. Hormone profiling revealed that while ARS1 accumulates more cytokinin, ARS7 accumulates more auxin, suggesting different auxin-to-cytokinin ratios underlying the different rooting capabilities. The hypothesized relationship between rooting and grafting abilities was addressed. Reciprocal grafting was performed with ARS1/ARS7 but no significant differences in the success of graft unification between the trees was detected. Accordingly, comparative RNA sequencing of the rooting and grafting zones showed more differentially expressed genes related to rooting than to grafting between the two trees. Clustering, KEGG and Venn analyses confirmed enrichment of genes related to auxin metabolism, transport and signaling, cytokinin metabolism and signaling, cell wall modification and cell division in both regions. In addition, the differential expression of some key genes in ARS1 vs. ARS7 rooting zones was revealed. Taken together, while both adventitious root-formation and graft-unification processes share response to wounding, cell reprogramming, cell division, cell differentiation and reconnection of the vasculature, there are similar, but also many different genes regulating the two processes. Therefore an individual genotype can have low rooting capacity but good graft-unification ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pann Tzeela
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sela Yechezkel
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ori Serero
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Eliyahu
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Sherf
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yair Manni
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mira Carmelli-Weissberg
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Cisse EHM, Zhang J, Li DD, Miao LF, Yin LY, Yang F. Exogenous ABA and IAA modulate physiological and hormonal adaptation strategies in Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos under long-term waterlogging conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:523. [PMID: 36357840 PMCID: PMC9648000 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) in inducing adventitious root (AR) formation, biomass accumulation, and plant development under long-term waterlogging (LT-WL) conditions are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the roles of exogenous application of ABA and IAA in two woody plants (Cleistocalyx operculatus and Syzygium jambos) under LT-WL conditions. A pot experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with two factors: (i) LT-WL and (ii) application of exogenous phytohormones (ABA and IAA) for 120 d. RESULTS Results revealed that exogenous ABA and IAA promoted LT-WL tolerance in both species. In C. operculatus and S. jambos, plant height, the number of blades, leaf area, and fresh shoot weight were increased by exogenous IAA under LT-WL. However, exogenous ABA affected more the adventitious and primary root in C. operculatus compared to S. jambos. LT-WL decreased drastically the photosynthetic activities in both species, but adding moderate amounts of exogenous ABA or IAA protected the photosynthesis apparatus under LT-WL. Exogenous phytohormones at certain levels decreased the superoxide anion level and malondialdehyde accumulation in plants under LT-WL. Also, the increase of the peroxidases and superoxide dismutase activities by exogenous phytohormones was more marked in C. operculatus compared to S. jambos. Meanwhile, the catalase activity was down-regulated in both species by exogenous phytohormones. Exogenous ABA or IAA positively regulated the jasmonic acid content in ARs under LT-WL. Moderate application of exogenous ABA or IAA in plants under LT-WL decreased the ABA content in the leaves. Lower accumulation of IAA and ABA in the leaves of C. operculatus under LT-WL was positively correlated with a decrease in antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS Lastly, C. operculatus which has greater morphology indexes was more tolerant to waterlogging than S. jambos. Moreover, the adaptive strategies via exogenous ABA were more built around the below-ground biomass indexes particularly in C. operculatus, while exogenous IAA backed the above-ground biomass in both species. Overall, the exogenous hormones applied (spraying or watering) influenced differentially the plant's responses to LT-WL. The phytohormonal profile of plants exposed to waterlogging stress varied depending on the species' tolerance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Hadji Malick Cisse
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Da-Dong Li
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ling-Feng Miao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li-Yan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China.
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32
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Design and Simulation Analysis of a Flexible Clamping and Conveying Device of a Green Leafy Vegetable Cutting and Bundling Integrated Machine. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4729480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the harvesting production efficiency of green leafy vegetables, this paper designs and simulates the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine. Through theoretical calculation and 3D modeling, the design optimization of key components is carried out in this paper. The cutter head of the guillotine cutting and throwing device is a wheel cutter type. The throwing blades are axially symmetrically distributed on the cutter head, and the movable blades are radially distributed at equal angles and are located in the middle of the two throwing blades. The electronic control system of the wrapping device uses a pressure sensor to cooperate with the baling device to realize automatic wrapping after baling. In addition, the drive chassis of the machine is a hydrostatic drive system, which is convenient for step-less speed change and automatic control within a certain range. Through the simulation study, it can be seen that the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine proposed in this paper can meet the industrialization needs of green leafy vegetables.
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Tahir MM, Tong L, Fan L, Liu Z, Li S, Zhang X, Li K, Shao Y, Zhang D, Mao J. Insights into the complicated networks contribute to adventitious rooting in transgenic MdWOX11 apple microshoots under nitrate treatments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3134-3156. [PMID: 35902247 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of microshoots, and nitrate is an essential nutrient regulating adventitious roots. WOX11 is involved in adventitious rooting. But the crosstalk between nitrate and WOX11 is completely unknown. In this study, MdWOX11 transgenic apple microshoots were grown on different nitrate treatments. Low nitrate promotes adventitious rooting in overexpressed microshoots more than wild type and RNA interference microshoots. In contrast, medium nitrate significantly inhibits it in overexpressed and RNA interference microshoots compared with wild type microshoots. Stem anatomy indicated that medium nitrate delays root primordia formation compared with low nitrate. Methyl jasmonate and zeatin riboside played positive and negative roles in adventitious rooting, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the phenotypes better. Hormone signalling, sugar metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle and root development pathway-related genes were selected for their potential involvement in adventitious rooting. Results suggest that nitrogen signaling and MdWOX11 expression affect cytokinin accumulation and response to cytokinin through regulating the expression of genes related to cytokinin synthesis and transduction pathways, which ultimately affect adventitious rooting. This study provided important insights into the complicated networks involved in adventitious rooting in transgenic microshoots under nitrate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lu Tong
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shaohuan Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Agricultural College, The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Shao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Mao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of the National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Morales-Orellana RJ, Winkelmann T, Bettin A, Rath T. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by laser wounding in rose cuttings: A matter of energy and pattern. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009085. [PMID: 36247617 PMCID: PMC9557736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is the basis of vegetative propagation in rose, be it via stem cuttings or via stenting. During this process, wounding plays a pivotal role since cell reprogramming takes place at the tissue adjacent to the wound. We investigated the effects of wounding on AR formation on leafy single-node stem cuttings of the rose rootstock R. canina 'Pfänder' (codes R02-3 and R02-6) and the cut rose cultivar Rosa 'Tan09283' (Registration name 'Beluga'). Laser wounding treatments were based on the assisted removal of tissue layers located in the bark. The positioning of wounding was studied based on two marking directions: along the cutting base (strip pattern) and around the cutting base (ring pattern). Additionally, the effects of external supply of indole-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg L-1) on rooting were analyzed. Results showed that in order to remove specific tissue layers, the calculation of the laser energy density (J cm-2) in terms of cutting diameter was necessary. Interestingly, the application of energy densities from 2.5 J cm-2 up to approximately 8.5 J cm-2 were sufficient to expose the tissue layers of epidermis up to regions of phloem. Regarding AR formation for R. canina 'Pfänder', characterized by a low rooting response, an increase in the rooting percentage was registered when the laser treatment eliminated the tissue up to phloem proximities. Analysis of the nodal position showed that bud location was a preferential place for AR formation independently of wounding treatment. In case of Rosa 'Tan09283', laser treatments did not reduce its high rooting capacity, but an apparent reduction in rooting quality due to an investment in tissue healing was observed when wounding reached deeper layers such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma. Results also showed a strong AR formation directly from wounded regions in case of Rosa 'Tan09283' specifically when the wound was located below the axillary bud. In conclusion, wounding by assisted-elimination of layers by laser can induce positive effects on AR formation of single-node stem cuttings of the rose if energy applied is able to expose phloem proximities, a longitudinal orientation, and relative position to the axillary bud are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Javier Morales-Orellana
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Bettin
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Rath
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
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Key regulatory pathways, microRNAs, and target genes participate in adventitious root formation of Acer rubrum L. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12057. [PMID: 35835811 PMCID: PMC9283533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) is a type of colorful ornamental tree with great economic value. Because this tree is difficult to root under natural conditions and the seedling survival rate is low, vegetative propagation methods are often used. Because the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is essential for the asexual propagation of A. rubrum, it is necessary to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AR formation in A. rubrum. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the transcriptome and small RNAs (sRNAs) of the A. rubrum variety ‘Autumn Fantasy’ using high-throughput sequencing and explored changes in gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in response to exogenous auxin treatment. We identified 82,468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the treated and untreated ARs, as well as 48 known and 95 novel miRNAs. We also identified 172 target genes of the known miRNAs using degradome sequencing. Two key regulatory pathways (ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and plant hormone signal transduction), Ar-miR160a and the target gene auxin response factor 10 (ArARF10) were selected based on KEGG pathway and cluster analyses. We further investigated the expression patterns and regulatory roles of ArARF10 through subcellular localization, transcriptional activation, plant transformation, qRT-PCR analysis, and GUS staining. Experiments overexpressing ArARF10 and Ar-miR160a, indicated that ArARF10 promoted AR formation, while Ar-miR160a inhibited AR formation. Transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs related to auxin regulation that promote AR formation in A. rubrum were identified. Differential expression patterns indicated the Ar-miR160a-ArARF10 interaction might play a significant role in the regulation of AR formation in A. rubrum. Our study provided new insights into mechanisms underlying the regulation of AR formation in A. rubrum.
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Fang X, Tran S, Zhai N, Yang Z, Guo F, Chen L, Yu J, Ison MS, Zhang T, Sun L, Bian H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xu L. Transcriptional landscapes of de novo root regeneration from detached Arabidopsis leaves revealed by time-lapse and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100306. [PMID: 35605192 PMCID: PMC9284295 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves can regenerate adventitious roots, providing a platform for studying de novo root regeneration (DNRR). However, the comprehensive transcriptional framework of DNRR remains elusive. Here, we provide a high-resolution landscape of transcriptome reprogramming from wound response to root organogenesis in DNRR and show key factors involved in DNRR. Time-lapse RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the entire leaf within 12 h of leaf detachment revealed rapid activation of jasmonate, ethylene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways in response to wounding. Genetic analyses confirmed that ethylene and ROS may serve as wound signals to promote DNRR. Next, time-lapse RNA-seq within 5 d of leaf detachment revealed the activation of genes involved in organogenesis, wound-induced regeneration, and resource allocation in the wounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting. Genetic studies showed that BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2, which control aboveground organs, PLETHORA3/5/7, which control root organogenesis, and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR115, which controls wound-induced regeneration, are involved in DNRR. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-seq data revealed gene expression patterns in the wounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting. Overall, our study not only provides transcriptome tools but also reveals key factors involved in DNRR from detached Arabidopsis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sorrel Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Fu Guo
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lyuqin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Madalene S Ison
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Teng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Wang Y, Pang D, Ruan L, Liang J, Zhang Q, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Bai P, Wu L, Cheng H, Cui Q, Wang L, Wei K. Integrated transcriptome and hormonal analysis of naphthalene acetic acid-induced adventitious root formation of tea cuttings (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 35787241 PMCID: PMC9251942 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plant breeding or cultivation mainly involves propagation via cuttings, which not only ensures the inheritance of the excellent characteristics of the mother plant but also facilitates mechanized management. The formation of adventitious root (AR) determines the success of cutting-based propagation, and auxin is an essential factor involved in this process. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying AR formation in nodal tea cuttings, transcriptome and endogenous hormone analysis was performed on the stem bases of red (mature)- and green (immature)-stem cuttings of 'Echa 1 hao' tea plant as affected by a pulse treatment with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). RESULTS In this study, NAA significantly promoted AR formation in both red- and green-stem cuttings but slightly reduced callus formation. External application of NAA reduced the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (TZR, trans-zeatin riboside). The number of DEGs (NAA vs. CK) identified in the green-stem cuttings was significantly higher than that in the red-stem cuttings, which corresponded to a higher rooting rate of green-stem cuttings under the NAA treatment. A total of 82 common DEGs were identified as being hormone-related and involved in the auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, and jasmonic acid pathways. The negative regulation of NAA-induced IAA and GH3 genes may explain the decrease of endogenous IAA. NAA reduced endogenous cytokinin levels and further downregulated the expression of cytokinin signalling-related genes. By the use of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), several hub genes, including three [cellulose synthase (CSLD2), SHAVEN3-like 1 (SVL1), SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR21)] that are highly related to root development in other crops, were identified that might play important roles in AR formation in tea cuttings. CONCLUSIONS NAA promotes the formation of AR of tea cuttings in coordination with endogenous hormones. The most important endogenous AR inductor, IAA, was reduced in response to NAA. DEGs potentially involved in NAA-mediated AR formation of tea plant stem cuttings were identified via comparative transcriptome analysis. Several hub genes, such as CSLD2, SVL1 and SAUR21, were identified that might play important roles in AR formation in tea cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Dandan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai, 666201, China
| | - Li Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jinbo Liang
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yinhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Peixian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qingmei Cui
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Molecular dissection of genes and promoters involved in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis revealed phytohormone induced modulation in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Gene 2022; 836:146682. [PMID: 35714794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study reports cloning and characterization of complete biosynthetic gene cluster committed to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis along with their corresponding promoter regions from Glycyrrhiza glabra. The identified genes namely, β-amyrin synthase, β-amyrin-11-oxidase, 11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase and UDP-dependent glucosyltransferase, were hetrologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana for functional validation. The phyto-hormone, naphthalene acetic acid was shown to prompt maximum up regulation (1.3-14.0 folds) of all the genes, followed by gibberellic acid (0.001-10.0 folds) and abscisic acid (0.2-7.7 folds) treatments. The promoter-GUS fusion constructs infiltrated leaves of the identified genes exhibited enhanced promoter activity of β-amyrin synthase (3.9 & 3.0 folds) and 11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase (3.6 & 3.2 folds) under the GA3 and NAA treatments, respectively as compared to their respective untreated controls. The transcriptional control of the three phytohormones studied could be correlated to the cis-responsive elements present in the upstream regions of the individual genes. The study provided an insight into the intricate interaction between hormone-responsive motifs with the corresponding co-expression of the glycyrrhizin biosynthetic pathway genes. The study will help in understanding the phytohormones-mediated regulation of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis and its modulation in the plant.
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Histological, Morpho-Physiological, and Biochemical Changes during Adventitious Rooting Induced by Exogenous Auxin in Magnolia wufengensis Cuttings. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia wufengensis, a rare ornamental tree species, is now in a huge gap between market demand and actual supply of seedlings. As cutting propagation is one of the most important means to solve the shortage of seedling supply, this study developed an efficient cutting propagation procedure of M. wufengensis, revealed the morphological and histological changes of adventitious root formation, and explored the rhythm correlation between rooting process and physiological and biochemical changes. Cuttings pre-treated with NAA:IBA (2:1) exhibited the best rooting performance. Anatomical analysis demonstrated that adventitious root primordia of M. wufengensis were initiated from cambial and parenchyma cells of xylem, with no relationship to the callus formed on the epidermis. The rooting process of M. wufengenis can be divided into four periods: induction phase (0–8 dap) (dap means days after planting), initiation phase (8–13 dap), expression phase (13–18 dap), and extension phase (18–28 dap). NAA:IBA (2:1) induced the accumulations of 3-indoleacetic-acid and increased the contents of peroxidase and polyphenol-oxidase near the wounding at induction phase. The initiation phase, with the first histological modifications to the formation of meristemoids, correspond to the increase of peroxidase, polyphenol-oxidase, and soluble protein contents. The synergistic reaction of low 3-indoleacetic-acid and high levels of gibberellins and zeatin also stimulates the initiation phase. In the expression and extension phase, high activities of polyphenol-oxidase, IAA-oxidase, and increased contents of soluble protein co-stimulate the emergence and outgrowth of adventitious roots. The present study not only provides optimized protocol by application of auxin combination but also presents insights in the histological, morpho-physiological, and biochemical changes in stem cuttings of M. wufengensis.
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Justamante MS, Mhimdi M, Molina-Pérez M, Albacete A, Moreno MÁ, Mataix I, Pérez-Pérez JM. Effects of Auxin (Indole-3-butyric Acid) on Adventitious Root Formation in Peach-Based Prunus Rootstocks. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070913. [PMID: 35406893 PMCID: PMC9002465 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several Prunus species are among the most important cultivated stone fruits in the Mediterranean region, and there is an urgent need to obtain rootstocks with specific adaptations to challenging environmental conditions. The development of adventitious roots (ARs) is an evolutionary mechanism of high relevance for stress tolerance, which has led to the development of environmentally resilient plants. As a first step towards understanding the genetic determinants involved in AR formation in Prunus sp., we evaluated the rooting of hardwood cuttings from five Prunus rootstocks (Adafuel, Adarcias, Cadaman, Garnem, and GF 677) grown in hydroponics. We found that auxin-induced callus and rooting responses were strongly genotype-dependent. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in these differential responses, we performed a time-series study of AR formation in two rootstocks with contrasting rooting performance, Garnem and GF 677, by culturing in vitro microcuttings with and without auxin treatment (0.9 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid [IBA]). Despite showing a similar histological structure, Garnem and GF677 rootstocks displayed dynamic changes in endogenous hormone homeostasis involving metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugated to aspartic acid (IAA-Asp), and these changes could explain the differences observed during rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Salud Justamante
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.S.J.); (M.M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Mariem Mhimdi
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.S.J.); (M.M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Marta Molina-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.S.J.); (M.M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Departmento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Ángeles Moreno
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Inés Mataix
- Invisa Biotecnología Vegetal S.L., 30410 Caravaca de la Cruz, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.S.J.); (M.M.); (M.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-658-958
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Cardoso H, Peixe A, Bellini C, Porfírio S, Druege U. Editorial: Advances on the Biological Mechanisms Involved in Adventitious Root Formation: From Signaling to Morphogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:867651. [PMID: 35295629 PMCID: PMC8918941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.867651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélia Cardoso
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Augusto Peixe
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Plant Science, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Sciences Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sara Porfírio
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Uwe Druege
- Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
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Uddin S, Munir MZ, Gull S, Khan AH, Khan A, Khan D, Khan MA, Wu Y, Sun Y, Li Y. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Role of MicroRNAs and Their Targeted Genes during Adventitious Root Formation in Dark-Pretreated Micro-Shoot Cuttings of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:441. [PMID: 35327995 PMCID: PMC8950900 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a difficult-to-root species, and is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings. Limited information is available regarding the adventitious root (AR) formation of dark-pretreated micro-shoot cuttings. Moreover, the role of specific miRNAs and their targeted genes during dark-pretreated AR formation under in vitro conditions has never been revealed. The dark pretreatment has successfully promoted and stimulated adventitious rooting signaling-related genes in tissue-cultured stem cuttings with the application of auxin (0.2 mg L-1 IBA). Histological analysis was performed for AR formation at 0, 12, 36, 48, and 72 h after excision (HAE) of the cuttings. The first histological events were observed at 36 HAE in the dark-pretreated cuttings; however, no cellular activities were observed in the control cuttings. In addition, the present study aimed to uncover the role of differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targeted genes during adventitious root formation using the lower portion (1-1.5 cm) of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia L. micro-shoot cuttings. The samples were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for the identification of miRNAs at the mentioned time points. Seven DE miRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The DE number of 81, 162, 153, 154, 41, 9, and 77 miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 67, 98, 84, 116, 19, 16, and 93 miRNAs were downregulated in the following comparisons of the libraries: 0-vs-12, 0-vs-36, 0-vs-48, 0-vs-72, 12-vs-36, 36-vs-48, and 48-vs-72, respectively. Furthermore, we depicted an association between ten miRNAs (novel-m0778-3p, miR6135e.2-5p, miR477-3p, miR4416c-5p, miR946d, miR398b, miR389a-3p, novel m0068-5p, novel-m0650-3p, and novel-m0560-3p) and important target genes (auxin response factor-3, gretchen hagen-9, scarecrow-like-1, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like-12, small auxin upregulated RNA-70, binding protein-9, vacuolar invertase-1, starch synthase-3, sucrose synthase-3, probable starch synthase-3, cell wall invertase-4, and trehalose phosphatase synthase-5), all of which play a role in plant hormone signaling and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression of these miRNAs and their targeted genes. These results provide novel insights and a foundation for further studies to elucidate the molecular factors and processes controlling AR formation in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Uddin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design (BAICFTBMD), Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.U.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Munir
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Sadia Gull
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Aimal Khan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dilawar Khan
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design (BAICFTBMD), Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.U.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuhan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design (BAICFTBMD), Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.U.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design (BAICFTBMD), Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.U.); (Y.W.); (Y.S.)
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Image Analysis of Adventitious Root Quality in Wild Sage and Glossy Abelia Cuttings after Application of Different Indole-3-Butyric Acid Concentrations. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030290. [PMID: 35161269 PMCID: PMC8840049 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a key step in stem cutting propagation of economically important woody ornamentals. Inadequate environmental and hormonal conditions can lead to the production of an insufficient or modest number of ARs in stem cutting, with a consequent decrease in quality. The aim of this research was to optimize wild sage and glossy abelia autumn stem cutting propagation protocols, using image analysis to assess the effects of different IBA concentrations and cultivars on AR quality. For both taxa, the treatments were: four IBA concentrations: 0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg L−1 and two cultivars: ‘Little Lucky’ (cv1) and ‘Yellow’ (cv2) from Lantana, and ‘Canyon Creek’ (cv1) and ‘Eduard Goucher’ (cv2) from Abelia. Results show that IBA application is not needed to enhance rooting ability; however, IBA concentration is an important factor determining the best overall AR quality in both taxa. In wild sage applying 5000 mg L−1 IBA improved AR quality in ‘Little Lucky’, increasing the root number, total length, surface area and number of forks and crossings, but decreased quality in ‘Yellow’. In glossy abelia ‘Edouard Goucher’, 5000 mg L−1 IBA increased the root number, but 1250 mg L−1 IBA improved AR quality; ‘Canyon Creek’ did not perform as well as cv2 at these concentrations. This study confirms that sensitivity to IBA dosage varies among species and their cultivars. Findings may help the commercial nursery industry produce higher quality cuttings.
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Li S, Tahir MM, Wu T, Xie L, Zhang X, Mao J, Ayyoub A, Xing L, Zhang D, Shao Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Genes and Complex Hormonal-Mediated Interactions with PEG during Adventitious Root Formation in Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020976. [PMID: 35055162 PMCID: PMC8779459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of apple rootstocks, and water stress severely restricts it. Different hormones and sugar signaling pathways in apple clones determine AR formation under water stress, but these are not entirely understood. To identify them, GL-3 stem cuttings were cultured on polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The AR formation was dramatically decreased compared with the PEG-free control (CK) cuttings by increasing the endogenous contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and methyl jasmonate (JA-me) and reducing the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) contents. We performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify the responses behind the phenotype. A total of 3204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and PEG, with 1702 upregulated and 1502 downregulated genes. Investigation revealed that approximately 312 DEGs were strongly enriched in hormone signaling, sugar metabolism, root development, and cell cycle-related pathways. Thus, they were selected for their possible involvement in adventitious rooting. However, the higher accumulation of ABA, ZR, and JA-me contents and the upregulation of their related genes, as well as the downregulation of sugar metabolism-related genes, lead to the inhibition of ARs. These results indicate that AR formation is a complicated biological process chiefly influenced by multiple hormonal signaling pathways and sugar metabolism. This is the first study to demonstrate how PEG inhibits AR formation in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuan Li
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Tong Wu
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Lingling Xie
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Jiangping Mao
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Anam Ayyoub
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Libo Xing
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Dong Zhang
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yun Shao
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (M.M.T.); (T.W.); (L.X.); (J.M.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Patturaj M, Munusamy A, Kannan N, Ramasamy Y. Biologia Futura: progress and future perspectives of long non-coding RNAs in forest trees. Biol Futur 2021; 73:43-53. [PMID: 34843103 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Forest trees are affected by climate change, anthropogenic pressure, as well as abiotic and biotic stresses. Conventional tree breeding has so far been limited to enhance overall productivity, and our understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits is still inadequate. Quantum leaps in next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have permitted the exploration and identification of various non-coding regions of the genome other than protein coding genes. These genomic regions produce various types of non-coding RNAs and regulate myriads of biological functions at epigenetic, transcriptional and translational levels. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which act as molecular switch have been identified to be pivotal molecules in forest trees. This review focuses on progress made in regulatory mechanisms in various developmental phases like wood formation, adventitious rooting and flowering and stress responses. It was predicted that complex regulatory interactions among lncRNA, miRNA and gene exist. LncRNAs can function as a sponge for miRNAs, reducing the suppressive effect of miRNAs on target mRNAs and perhaps adding a new layer of regulatory interactions among non-coding RNA classes in trees. Furthermore, network analysis revealed the interactions of lncRNA and genes during the expression of several important genes. The insights generated about lncRNAs in forest trees would enable improvement of economically important traits including the devastating abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, solid understanding on the wide range of regulatory functions of lncRNAs on traits influencing biomass productivity and adaptation would aid the applications of biotechnology in genetic improvement of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswari Patturaj
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Aiswarya Munusamy
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Nithishkumar Kannan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India
| | - Yasodha Ramasamy
- Division of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore, 641002, India.
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Larriba E, Sánchez-García AB, Justamante MS, Martínez-Andújar C, Albacete A, Pérez-Pérez JM. Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11843. [PMID: 34769274 PMCID: PMC8584571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom' explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - María Salud Justamante
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Andújar
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
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Pan X, Yang Z, Xu L. Dual roles of jasmonate in adventitious rooting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6808-6810. [PMID: 34698862 PMCID: PMC8547146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Dob A, Lakehal A, Novak O, Bellini C. 2021. Jasmonate inhibits adventitious root initiation through repression of CKX1 and activation of RAP2.6L transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 7107–7118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Pan T, Chen XL, Hao YP, Jiang CW, Wang S, Wang JS, Wei Q, Chen SJ, Yu XS, Cheng F, Xu LY. Optimization of factors affecting the rooting of pine wilt disease resistant Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) stem cuttings. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251937. [PMID: 34506505 PMCID: PMC8432847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating disease affecting trees belonging to the genus Pinus. To control the spread of PWD in the Masson pine forest in China, PWD resistant Masson pine clones have been selected by the Anhui Academy of Forestry. However, because Masson pine is a difficult-to-root species, producing seedlings is challenging, especially from trees older than 5 years of age, which impedes the application of PWD resistant clones. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting rooting of PWD resistant clones and established a cheap, reliable, and simple method that promotes rooting. We tested the effects of three management methods, four substrates, two cutting materials, two cutting treatments, and three collection times on the rooting of cuttings obtained from 9-year-old PWD resistant clones. Rooting was observed only in stem cuttings treated with the full-light automatic spray management method. Additionally, stem cuttings showed a significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than needles cuttings. Compared with other substrates, stem cuttings planted in perlite produced the longest adventitious root and the highest total root length and lateral root number. Moreover, stem cuttings of PWD resistant clones collected in May showed a significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than those collected in June and July. Moreover, stem cuttings prepared with a horizontal cut while retaining the needles showed significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than those prepared with a diagonal cut while partly removing the needles. This study promotes the reproduction of seedlings of PWD-resistant Masson pine clones which helps control the spread of PWD, meanwhile, provides a technical reference for the propagation of mature pine trees via cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-lian Chen
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-ping Hao
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-wu Jiang
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song Wang
- Washan State-own Forest Farm in Quanjiao, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-shan Wang
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-juan Chen
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-song Yu
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
| | - Liu-yi Xu
- Department of Forest Tree Genetic Breeding, Anhui Forestry Academy, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
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Otiende MA, Fricke K, Nyabundi JO, Ngamau K, Hajirezaei MR, Druege U. Involvement of the auxin-cytokinin homeostasis in adventitious root formation of rose cuttings as affected by their nodal position in the stock plant. PLANTA 2021; 254:65. [PMID: 34487248 PMCID: PMC8421306 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of indole-3-acetic and raised auxin to cytokinin ratios in the stem base contribute to the positive acropetal gradient in rooting capacity of leafy single-node stem cuttings of rose. Cuttings excised from different nodal positions in stock plants can differ in subsequent adventitious root formation. We investigated the involvement of the auxin-cytokinin balance in position-affected rooting of Rosa hybrida. Leafy single-node stem cuttings of two rose cultivars were excised from top versus bottom positions. Concentrations of IAA and cytokinins were monitored in the bud region and the stem base during 8 days after planting using chromatography-MS/MS technology. The effects of nodal position and external supply of indole-butyric acid on rooting were analyzed. Most cytokinins increased particularly in the bud region and peaked at day two before the bud break was recorded. IAA increased in both tissues between day one and day eight. Top versus bottom cuttings revealed higher levels of isopentenyladenosine (IPR) in both tissues as well as higher concentrations of IAA and a higher ratio of IAA to cytokinins particularly in the stem base. The dynamic of hormones and correlation analysis indicated that the higher IPR contributed to the enhanced IAA in the bud region which served as auxin source for the auxin homeostasis in the stem base, where IAA determined the auxin-cytokinin balance. Bottom versus top cuttings produced lower numbers and lengths of roots, whereas this deficit was counterbalanced by auxin application. Further considering other studies of rose, it is concluded that cytokinin-, sucrose- and zinc-dependent auxin biosynthesis in the outgrowing buds is an important factor that contributes to the enhanced IAA levels and auxin/cytokinin ratios in the stem base of apical cuttings, promoting root induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Fricke
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 99090, Erfurt, Germany
| | | | - Kamau Ngamau
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62, Nairobi, 000-00200, Kenya
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Uwe Druege
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 99090, Erfurt, Germany.
- Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, 99090, Erfurt, Germany.
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Propagation Methods for the Conservation and Preservation of the Endangered Whorled Sunflower ( Helianthus verticillatus). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081565. [PMID: 34451610 PMCID: PMC8399636 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helianthus verticillatus Small, the whorled sunflower, is a perennial species only found at a few sites in the southeastern United States and was declared federally (USA) endangered in 2014. The species spreads locally via rhizomes and can produce copious seeds when sexually compatible genotypes are present. Vegetative propagation of the species via cuttings and the optimum conditions for seed germination have not been determined. To investigate asexual propagation via cuttings, stem sections were harvested in late May, June, and July in Knoxville, Tennessee (USA) and trimmed to a minimum of two nodes. The base of the cuttings was treated with either auxin or water, and grown in a Promix BX potting medium with intermittent mist and 50% shade for one month. Seeds were harvested from a population of multiple genotypes in Maryville, Tennessee and used to determine viability and the range of temperatures suitable for germination. A clonal population was developed and used for three years to assess sexual compatibility at three locations in Knoxville, Tennessee. Ninety-five percent of the cuttings from May rooted in two-to-three weeks and formed more than 20 adventitious roots per cutting with auxin and 18 with water treatments. The ability of cuttings to root decreased in June to about 20%, and none rooted in July with either water or auxin pretreatments. Pre-germination tetrazolium tests indicated that about 91% of seeds (achenes) were viable. Subsequent germination tests revealed high germination at varying temperatures (96 to 99% of seeds (achenes) germinated at 22/11, 27/15, and 29/19 °C), whereas germination was significantly inhibited by 33/24 °C. Fifty percent of the seeds germinated at 22/11 °C in 7.5 days, whereas only 2.0 to 2.5 days were required for 50% germination at 27/15, 29/19, and 33/24 °C. Seeds were not produced at any of the clonal planting locations during the three years. Vegetative propagation via rooted cuttings was successful in the mid-spring, seed germination was possible over a wide range of temperatures, and self-incompatibility was evident in this species. The results of this study will permit fast and efficient propagation of multiple and selected genotypes for conservation, commerce, and breeding of elite cultivars with disease resistance or other desirable attributes.
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