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Yang X, Ma Y, Chen J, Huang M, Qi M, Han N, Bian H, Qiu T, Yan Q, Wang J. Sextuple knockouts of a highly conserved and coexpressed AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID gene set confer shade avoidance-like responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39012193 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACIDs are transcriptional repressors for auxin signalling. Aux/IAAs of Arabidopsis thaliana display some functional redundancy. The IAA3/SHY2 clade (IAA1, IAA2, IAA3 and IAA4) show strong sequence similarity, but no higher-order mutants have been reported. Here, through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated loss-of-function iaa1/2/3/4 mutants. The quadruple mutants only exhibited a weak phenotype. Thus, we additionally knocked out IAA7/AXR2 and IAA16, which are coexpressed with IAA1/2/3/4. Remarkably, under white light control conditions, the iaa1/2/3/4/7/16 mutants exhibited a shade avoidance-like phenotype with over-elongated hypocotyls and petioles and hyponastic leaves. The sextuple mutants were highly sensitive to low light intensity, and the hypocotyl cells of the mutants were excessively elongated. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the sextuple mutation upregulated IAA19/MSG2 and IAA29, two shared shade/auxin signalling targets. Besides, genes encoding cell wall-remodelling proteins and shade-responsive transcription regulators were upregulated. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we verified that IAA2/IAA7 targeted the promoters of cell wall-remodelling genes to inhibit their transcription. Our work indicates that the IAA1/2/3/4/7/16 gene set is required for the optimal integration of auxin and shade signalling. The mutants generated here should be valuable for exploring the complex interactions among signal sensors, transcription activators and transcription repressors during hormone/environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun X, Jiang C, Guo Y, Li C, Zhao W, Nie F, Liu Q. Suppression of OsSAUR2 gene expression immobilizes soil arsenic bioavailability by modulating root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134587. [PMID: 38772107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
One of the factors influencing the behavior of arsenic (As) in environment is microbial-mediated As transformation. However, the detailed regulatory role of gene expression on the changes of root exudation, rhizosphere microorganisms, and soil As occurrence forms remains unclear. In this study, we evidence that loss-of-function of OsSAUR2 gene, a member of the SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA family in rice, results in significantly higher As uptake in roots but greatly lower As accumulation in grains via affecting the expression of OsLsi1, OsLsi2 in roots and OsABCC1 in stems. Further, the alteration of OsSAUR2 expression extensively affects the metabolomic of root exudation, and thereby leading to the variations in the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in rice. The microbial community in the rhizosphere of Ossaur2 plants strongly immobilizes the occurrence forms of As in soil. Interestingly, Homovanillic acid (HA) and 3-Coumaric acid (CA), two differential metabolites screened from root exudation, can facilitate soil iron reduction, enhance As bioavailability, and stimulate As uptake and accumulation in rice. These findings add our further understanding in the relationship of OsSAUR2 expression with the release of root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly under As stress in rice, and provide potential rice genetic resources and root exudation in phytoremediation of As-contaminated paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhao Nie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpo Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
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De Y, Yan W, Gao F, Mu H. Unraveling the signaling pathways of phytohormones underlying salt tolerance in Elymus sibiricus: A transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Genomics 2024; 116:110893. [PMID: 38944355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding phytohormonal signaling is crucial for elucidating plant defense mechanisms against environmental stressors. However, knowledge regarding phytohormone-mediated tolerance pathways under salt stress in Elymus sibiricus, an important species for forage and ecological restoration, remains limited. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches uncover the dynamics of phytohormonal signaling in Elymus sibiricus under salt stress. Notably, four hours after exposure to salt, significant activity was observed in the ABA, JA, IAA, and CTK pathways, with ABA, JA, JA-L-Ile, and IAA identified as key mediators in the response of Elymus sibiricus' to salinity. Moreover, SAPK3, Os04g0167900-like, CAT1, MKK2, and MPK12 were identified as potential central regulators within these pathways. The complex interactions between phytohormones and DEGs are crucial for facilitating the adaptation of Elymus sibiricus to saline environments. These findings enhance our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanisms in Elymus sibiricus and provide a foundation for breeding salt-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying De
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Research Institute, Hohhot 010010, China.
| | - Weihong Yan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Research Institute, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Fengqin Gao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Research Institute, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Huaibin Mu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Research Institute, Hohhot 010010, China
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Dai Y, Chen H, Li Y, Hui R, Zhang Z. Promising New Methods Based on the SOD Enzyme and SAUR36 Gene to Screen for Canola Materials with Heavy Metal Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38927321 PMCID: PMC11200428 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Canola is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China, although excessive levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic seriously affect its yield. Therefore, developing methods to identify canola materials with good heavy metal tolerance is a hot topic for canola breeding. In this study, canola near-isogenic lines with different oil contents (F338 (40.62%) and F335 (46.68%) as the control) and heavy metal tolerances were used as raw materials. In an experiment with 100 times the safe standard values, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of F335 were 32.02 mmol/mg and 71.84 mmol/mg, while the activities of F338 were 24.85 mmol/mg and 63.86 mmol/mg, exhibiting significant differences. The DEGs and DAPs in the MAPK signaling pathway of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and other related pathways were analyzed and verified using RT-qPCR. SAUR36 and SAUR32 were identified as the key differential genes. The expression of the SAUR36 gene in canola materials planted in the experimental field was significantly higher than in the control, and FY958 exhibited the largest difference (27.82 times). In this study, SOD and SAUR36 were found to be closely related to heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, they may be used to screen for new canola materials with good heavy metal stress tolerance for canola breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Yufang Li
- Hunan Cotton Science Institute, No. 3036 Shanjuan Road, Changde 415101, China;
| | - Rongkui Hui
- Hunan Province Institute of Agricultural Science, South of Hongyuan East Road, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
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Elsisi M, Elshiekh M, Sabry N, Aziz M, Attia K, Islam F, Chen J, Abdelrahman M. The genetic orchestra of salicylic acid in plant resilience to climate change induced abiotic stress: critical review. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:31. [PMID: 38880851 PMCID: PMC11180647 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change, driven by human activities and natural processes, has led to critical alterations in varying patterns during cropping seasons and is a vital threat to global food security. The climate change impose several abiotic stresses on crop production systems. These abiotic stresses include extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, which expose agricultural fields to more vulnerable conditions and lead to substantial crop yield and quality losses. Plant hormones, especially salicylic acid (SA), has crucial roles for plant resiliency under unfavorable environments. This review explores the genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying SA's role in mitigating abiotic stress-induced damage in plants. It also explores the SA biosynthesis pathways, and highlights the regulation of their products under several abiotic stresses. Various roles and possible modes of action of SA in mitigating abiotic stresses are discussed, along with unraveling the genetic mechanisms and genes involved in responses under stress conditions. Additionally, this review investigates molecular pathways and mechanisms through which SA exerts its protective effects, such as redox signaling, cross-talks with other plant hormones, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, the review discusses potentials of using genetic engineering approaches, such as CRISPR technology, for deciphering the roles of SA in enhancing plant resilience to climate change related abiotic stresses. This comprehensive analysis bridges the gap between genetics of SA role in response to climate change related stressors. Overall goal is to highlight SA's significance in safeguarding plants and by offering insights of SA hormone for sustainable agriculture under challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsisi
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Moaz Elshiekh
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nourine Sabry
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Mark Aziz
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Kotb Attia
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Zhu Q, Zheng H, Hu X, Liu Y, Zheng X, Li L, Tang M. Genome-Wide Analysis of the SAUR Gene Family and Its Expression Profiles in Response to Salt Stress in Santalum album. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1286. [PMID: 38794357 PMCID: PMC11125248 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The SAUR (small auxin-up RNA) family constitutes a category of genes that promptly respond to the hormone auxin and play a pivotal role in diverse biological processes encompassing plant growth and the response to abiotic stress. Santalum album L., a semi-parasitic evergreen tree, is renowned for its economically valuable essential oils, positioning it among the most prized tree species. In this study, a meticulous identification and comprehensive analysis of 43 SAUR genes was conducted within S. album. Based on phylogenetic relationships, the SaSAUR genes were systematically categorized into five groups. A collinearity analysis revealed intriguing insights, disclosing 14 segmental duplications and 9 tandem duplications within the SaSAUR genes, emphasizing the pivotal role of duplication in the expansion of this gene family. Noteworthy variations in the expression levels of SaSAUR genes were observed by delving into the SaSAUR transcriptome data from various tissues, including leaves, roots, and heartwood, as well as under salt-stress conditions. Notably, SaSAUR08 and SaSAUR13 were significantly upregulated in heartwood compared with roots and leaves, while SaSAUR18 was markedly more expressed in roots compared with heartwood and leaves. Furthermore, SaSAUR27 and SaSAUR28 were found to respond closely to salt stress, hinting at their potential involvement in the salt-stress response mechanism. This research offers a comprehensive investigation of SAUR genes in S. album and establishes a foundation for future exploration of the SAUR gene family, particularly its relation to growth and salt-stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haoyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Libei Li
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Yan M, Yang D, He Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Gao J. Alfalfa Responses to Intensive Soil Compaction: Effects on Plant and Root Growth, Phytohormones and Internal Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:953. [PMID: 38611482 PMCID: PMC11013635 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The perennial legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is of high value in providing cheap and high-nutritive forages. Due to a lack of tillage during the production period, the soil in which alfalfa grows prunes to become compacted through highly mechanized agriculture. Compaction deteriorates the soil's structure and fertility, leading to compromised alfalfa development and productivity. However, the way alfalfa responses to different levels of soil compaction and the underlying molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of gradient compacted soil on the growth of different cultivars of alfalfa, especially the root system architecture, phytohormones and internal gene expression profile alterations. The results showed that alfalfa growth was facilitated by moderate soil compaction, but drastically inhibited when compaction was intensified. The inhibition effect was universal across different cultivars, but with different severity. Transcriptomic and physiological studies revealed that the expression of a set of genes regulating the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids was significantly repressed in compaction treated alfalfa roots, and this might have resulted in a modified secondary cell wall and xylem vessel formation. Phytohormones, like ABA, are supposed to play pivotal roles in the regulation of the overall responses. These findings provide directions for the improvement of field soil management in alfalfa production and the molecular breeding of alfalfa germplasm with better soil compaction resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Yan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongming Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yijun He
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Agrahari RK, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto T, Miyachi T, Sakuma M, Fujita M, Ogata T, Fujita Y, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Yamamoto YY, Koyama H. STOP1-regulated SMALL AUXIN UP RNA55 ( SAUR55) is involved in proton/malate co-secretion for Al tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e557. [PMID: 38161730 PMCID: PMC10755337 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proton (H+) release is linked to aluminum (Al)-enhanced organic acids (OAs) excretion from the roots under Al rhizotoxicity in plants. It is well-reported that the Al-enhanced organic acid excretion mechanism is regulated by SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1), a zinc-finger TF that regulates major Al tolerance genes. However, the mechanism of H+ release linked to OAs excretion under Al stress has not been fully elucidated. Recent physiological and molecular-genetic studies have implicated the involvement of SMALL AUXIN UP RNAs (SAURs) in the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for stress responses in plants. We hypothesized that STOP1 is involved in the regulation of Al-responsive SAURs, which may contribute to the co-secretion of protons and malate under Al stress conditions. In our transcriptome analysis of the roots of the stop1 (sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1) mutant, we found that STOP1 regulates the transcription of one of the SAURs, namely SAUR55. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of SAUR55 was induced by Al and repressed in the STOP1 T-DNA insertion knockout (KO) mutant (STOP1-KO). Through in silico analysis, we identified a functional STOP1-binding site in the promoter of SAUR55. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that STOP1 directly binds to the promoter of SAUR55. This suggests that STOP1 directly regulates the expression of SAUR55 under Al stress. We next examined proton release in the rhizosphere and malate excretion in the T-DNA insertion KO mutant of SAUR55 (saur55), in conjunction with STOP1-KO. Both saur55 and STOP1-KO suppressed rhizosphere acidification and malate release under Al stress. Additionally, the root growth of saur55 was sensitive to Al-containing media. In contrast, the overexpressed line of SAUR55 enhanced rhizosphere acidification and malate release, leading to increased Al tolerance. These associations with Al tolerance were also observed in natural variations of Arabidopsis. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of SAUR55 by STOP1 positively regulates H+ excretion via PM H+-ATPase 2 which enhances Al tolerance by malate secretion from the roots of Arabidopsis. The activation of PM H+-ATPase 2 by SAUR55 was suggested to be due to PP2C.D2/D5 inhibition by interaction on the plasma membrane with its phosphatase. Furthermore, RNAi-suppression of NtSTOP1 in tobacco shows suppression of rhizosphere acidification under Al stress, which was associated with the suppression of SAUR55 orthologs, which are inducible by Al in tobacco. It suggests that transcriptional regulation of Al-inducible SAURs by STOP1 plays a critical role in OAs excretion in several plant species as an Al tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuo Enomoto
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Tasuku Miyachi
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Marie Sakuma
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Miki Fujita
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Takuya Ogata
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post‐harvest DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)TsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- Experimental Plant DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Masatomo Kobayashi
- Experimental Plant DivisionRIKEN BioResource Research CenterTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
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9
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Huang X, Lu Z, Zhai L, Li N, Yan H. The Small Auxin-Up RNA SAUR10 Is Involved in the Promotion of Seedling Growth in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3880. [PMID: 38005777 PMCID: PMC10675480 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Small auxin-up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) are genes rapidly activated in response to auxin hormones, significantly affecting plant growth and development. However, there is limited information available about the specific functions of SAURs in rice due to the presence of extensive redundant genes. In this study, we found that OsSAUR10 contains a conserved downstream element in its 3' untranslated region that causes its transcripts to be unstable, ultimately leading to the immediate degradation of the mRNA in rice. In our investigation, we discovered that OsSAUR10 is located in the plasma membrane, and its expression is regulated in a tissue-specific, developmental, and hormone-dependent manner. Additionally, we created ossaur10 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, which resulted in various developmental defects such as dwarfism, narrow internodes, reduced tillers, and lower yield. Moreover, histological observation comparing wild-type and two ossaur10 mutants revealed that OsSAUR10 was responsible for cell elongation. However, overexpression of OsSAUR10 resulted in similar phenotypes to the wild-type. Our research also indicated that OsSAUR10 plays a role in regulating the expression of two groups of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (OsYUCCAs) and auxin polar transport (OsPINs) in rice. Thus, our findings suggest that OsSAUR10 acts as a positive plant growth regulator by contributing to auxin biosynthesis and polar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.H.); (L.Z.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Mountainous Karst Area of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhanhua Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Lisheng Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.H.); (L.Z.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Mountainous Karst Area of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.H.); (L.Z.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Mountainous Karst Area of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (X.H.); (L.Z.); (N.L.)
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10
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Wang T, Duan S, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Chen L, Han Z, Wu T. Pan-genome analysis of 13 Malus accessions reveals structural and sequence variations associated with fruit traits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7377. [PMID: 37968318 PMCID: PMC10651928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to trait variations in fleshy-fruited species. Here, we assemble 10 genomes of genetically diverse Malus accessions, including the ever-green cultivar 'Granny Smith' and the widely cultivated cultivar 'Red Fuji'. Combining with three previously reported genomes, we assemble the pan-genome of Malus species and identify 20,220 CNVs and 317,393 SVs. We also observe CNVs that are positively correlated with expression levels of the genes they are associated with. Furthermore, we show that the noncoding RNA generated from a 209 bp insertion in the intron of mitogen-activated protein kinase homology encoding gene, MMK2, regulates the gene expression and affects fruit coloration. Moreover, we identify overlapping SVs associated with fruit quality and biotic resistance. This pan-genome uncovers possible contributions of CNVs to gene expression and highlights the role of SVs in apple domestication and economically important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Duan
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Smartgenomics Technology Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Huang M, Chen J, Yang X, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Sun K, Han N, Bian H, Qiu T, Wang J. A unique mutation in PIN-FORMED1 and a genetic pathway for reduced sensitivity of Arabidopsis roots to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14120. [PMID: 38148206 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The small chemical N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) has long been used as a polar auxin transport inhibitor. Recent biochemical and structural investigations have revealed that this molecule competes with the auxin IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) inside the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carriers. However, the existence of any mutations in PIN family proteins capable of uncoupling the docking of IAA from NPA remains unclear. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings overexpressing SMALL AUXIN UP RNA 41 were hypersensitive to NPA-induced root elongation inhibition. We mutagenized this line to improve the genetic screening efficiency for NPA hyposensitivity mutants. Using bulked segregation analysis and mapping-by-sequencing assessment of these mutants, we identified a core genetic pathway for NPA-induced root elongation inhibition, including genes required for auxin biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling. To evaluate specific changes of auxin signaling activity in mutant roots before and after NPA treatment, the DR5::GFP/DR5::YFP markers were introduced and observed. Most importantly, we discovered a unique mutation in the PIN1 protein, substituting a proline residue with leucine at position 584, leading to a loss of NPA sensitivity while keeping the auxin efflux capacity. Transforming the null mutant pin1-201 with the PIN1::PIN1P584L -GFP fusion construct rescued the PIN1 function and provided NPA hyposensitivity. The proline residue is predicted to be adjacent to a hinge in the middle region of the ninth transmembrane helix of PIN1 and is conserved from moss to higher plants. Our work may bring new insights into the engineering of NPA-resistant PINs for auxin biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Jiang L, Li R, Yang J, Yao Z, Cao S. Ethylene response factor ERF022 is involved in regulating Arabidopsis root growth. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1-17. [PMID: 37553544 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in the regulation of plant development processes and stress responses. In this study, we provide evidence for the role of ERF022, a member of the ERF transcription factor group III, in regulating Arabidopsis root growth. We found that ERF022-loss-of-function mutants exhibited increased primary root length and lateral root numbers, and also morphological growth advantages compared to wild-type. Further studies showed that mutants had enhanced cell size in length in the root elongation zones. These results were accompanied by significant increase in the expression of cell elongation and cell wall expansion related genes SAUR10, GASA14, LRX2, XTH19 in mutants. Moreover, ERF022-mediated root growth was associated with the enhanced endogenous auxin and gibberellins levels. Our results suggest that loss-of-function of ERF022 up-regulated the expression of cell elongation and cell wall related genes through auxin and gibberellins signal in the regulation of root growth. Unexpectedly, ERF022 overexpression lines also showed longer primary roots and more lateral roots compared to wild-type, and had longer root apical meristematic zone with increased cell numbers. Overexpression of ERF022 significantly up-regulated cell proliferation, organ growth and auxin biosynthesis genes EXO, HB2, GALK2, LBD26, YUC5, which contribute to enhanced root growth. Altogether, our results provide genetic evidence that ERF022 plays an important role in regulating root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Ruyin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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13
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Ren W, Chen L. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in Response to Foliar Application of β-Alanine in Cotton Seedlings. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1825. [PMID: 37761965 PMCID: PMC10531431 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is amongst the serious abiotic stresses cotton plants face, impairing crop productivity. Foliar application of β-alanine is employed to improve salt tolerance in various crops, but the exact mechanism behind it is not yet completely understood. An advanced line SDS-01 of upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. was utilized to determine its salt tolerance. Foliar treatment with the β-alanine solution at different concentrations was applied to the seedlings stressed with 0.8% NaCl solution. On the 10th day of treatment, samples were collected for transcriptome and metabolome analyses. β-alanine solution at a concentration of 25 mM was found to be the best treatment with the lowest mortality rate and highest plant height and above-ground biomass under salt stress. Both differentially expressed genes and accumulated metabolites analyses showed improved tolerance of treated seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency improved in seedlings due to higher expression of photosynthesis-antenna proteins and activation of hormones signal transduction after treatment with β-alanine. Highly expressed transcription factors observed were MYB, HD-ZIP, ARF, MYC, EREB, DELLA, ABF, H2A, H4, WRKY, and HK involved in the positive regulation of salinity tolerance in β-alanine-treated seedlings. Furthermore, compared to the control, the high accumulation of polyamines, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in the β-alanine-treated seedlings helped regulate cellular antioxidant (glutathione and L-Cysteine) production. Hence, to improve salt tolerance and productivity in cotton, foliar application of β-alanine at the seedling stage can be a valuable management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
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14
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Erdoğan İ, Cevher-Keskin B, Bilir Ö, Hong Y, Tör M. Recent Developments in CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing Technology Related to Plant Disease Resistance and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 37508466 PMCID: PMC10376527 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The revolutionary CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has emerged as a powerful tool for plant improvement, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in making targeted gene modifications. This powerful and practical approach to genome editing offers tremendous opportunities for crop improvement, surpassing the capabilities of conventional breeding techniques. This article provides an overview of recent advancements and challenges associated with the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant improvement. The potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in terms of developing crops with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is highlighted, with examples of genes edited to confer disease resistance, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, and cold tolerance. Here, we also discuss the importance of off-target effects and the efforts made to mitigate them, including the use of shorter single-guide RNAs and dual Cas9 nickases. Furthermore, alternative delivery methods, such as protein- and RNA-based approaches, are explored, and they could potentially avoid the integration of foreign DNA into the plant genome, thus alleviating concerns related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We emphasize the significance of CRISPR/Cas9 in accelerating crop breeding processes, reducing editing time and costs, and enabling the introduction of desired traits at the nucleotide level. As the field of genome editing continues to evolve, it is anticipated that CRISPR/Cas9 will remain a prominent tool for crop improvement, disease resistance, and adaptation to challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Erdoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40100, Türkiye
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Birsen Cevher-Keskin
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Bilir
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
- Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Atatürk Bulvarı 167/A, Edirne 22100, Türkiye
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mahmut Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
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15
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Bailey M, Hsieh EJ, Tsai HH, Ravindran A, Schmidt W. Alkalinity modulates a unique suite of genes to recalibrate growth and pH homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100701. [PMID: 37457359 PMCID: PMC10348880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soils pose a conglomerate of constraints to plants, restricting the growth and fitness of non-adapted species in habitats with low active proton concentrations. To thrive under such conditions, plants have to compensate for a potential increase in cytosolic pH and restricted softening of the cell wall to invigorate cell elongation in a proton-depleted environment. To discern mechanisms that aid in the adaptation to external pH, we grew plants on media with pH values ranging from 5.5 to 8.5. Growth was severely restricted above pH 6.5 and associated with decreasing chlorophyll levels at alkaline pH. Bicarbonate treatment worsened plant performance, suggesting effects that differ from those exerted by pH as such. Transcriptional profiling of roots subjected to short-term transfer from optimal (pH 5.5) to alkaline (pH 7.5) media unveiled a large set of differentially expressed genes that were partially congruent with genes affected by low pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate, but showed only a very small overlap with genes responsive to the availability of iron. Further analysis of selected genes disclosed pronounced responsiveness of their expression over a wide range of external pH values. Alkalinity altered the expression of various proton/anion co-transporters, possibly to recalibrate cellular proton homeostasis. Co-expression analysis of pH-responsive genes identified a module of genes encoding proteins with putative functions in the regulation of root growth, which appears to be conserved in plants subjected to low pH or bicarbonate. Our analysis provides an inventory of pH-sensitive genes and allows comprehensive insights into processes that are orchestrated by external pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitylene Bailey
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arya Ravindran
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Guo G, Yu T, Zhang H, Chen M, Dong W, Zhang S, Tang X, Liu L, Heng W, Zhu L, Jia B. Evidence That PbrSAUR72 Contributes to Iron Deficiency Tolerance in Pears by Facilitating Iron Absorption. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112173. [PMID: 37299155 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for plants; however, low bioactive Fe in soil continuously places plants in an Fe-deficient environment, triggering oxidative damage. To cope with this, plants make a series of alterations to increase Fe acquisition; however, this regulatory network needs further investigation. In this study, we found notably decreased indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in chlorotic pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) leaves caused by Fe deficiency. Furthermore, IAA treatment slightly induced regreening by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and Fe2+ accumulation. At that point, we identified PbrSAUR72 as a key negative effector output of auxin signaling and established its close relationship to Fe deficiency. Furthermore, the transient PbrSAUR72 overexpression could form regreening spots with increased IAA and Fe2+ content in chlorotic pear leaves, whereas its transient silencing does the opposite in normal pear leaves. In addition, cytoplasm-localized PbrSAUR72 exhibits root expression preferences and displays high homology to AtSAUR40/72. This promotes salt tolerance in plants, indicating a putative role for PbrSAUR72 in abiotic stress responses. Indeed, transgenic plants of Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrSAUR72 displayed less sensitivity to Fe deficiency, accompanied by substantially elevated expression of Fe-induced genes, such as FER/FIT, HA, and bHLH39/100. These result in higher ferric chelate reductase and root pH acidification activities, thereby hastening Fe absorption in transgenic plants under an Fe-deficient condition. Moreover, the ectopic overexpression of PbrSAUR72 inhibited reactive oxygen species production in response to Fe deficiency. These findings contribute to a new understanding of PbrSAURs and its involvement in Fe deficiency, providing new insights for the further study of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the Fe deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Agricultural Experimental Center of Guiyang, Guiyang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Singleron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weiyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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17
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Zhu S, Li W, Yan S, Shi W. Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Overexpressing BnMYB2 from Boehmeria nivea under Cadmium Stress. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Boehmeria nivea (ramie) is an important fiber crop with strong tolerance to cadmium (Cd). In our previous study, a novel MYB transcription factor gene from ramie, BnMYB2, was found to positively regulate Cd tolerance and accumulation in the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Herein, transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes involved in cadmium response between the wild-type (WT) and BnMYB2 overexpressed lines; 1598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the shoot. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the majority of DEGs belonged to the categories of transcription factors, plant hormone signal transduction and nitrogen metabolism. The expression level of the Ib subgroup bHLH genes (AtbHLH38, AtbHLH39, AtbHLH100 and AtbHLH101) and nitrogen assimilation-related genes (AtNIA1, AtNIA2, AtNIR1 and AtASN2) were significantly higher than that of WT, accompanied with the positive changes in iron (Fe) and total nitrogen content in the shoot of BnMYB2 overexpression lines. Several DEGs belonging to the bZIP transcription factor family or SAUR family were also found up-regulated in the transgenic plants. These results provide important clues for elucidating how the molecular mechanisms of BnMYB2 regulate plant response to Cd stress.
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18
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Zhang Y, Ye T, She Z, Huang S, Wang L, Aslam M, Qin R, Wang X, Qin Y, Niu X. Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) gene family identification and functional genes exploration during the floral organ and fruit developmental stages in pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and its response to salinity and drought stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124061. [PMID: 36933586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sexual reproduction relies on the proper development of floral organs that facilitate the successful development of fruits and seeds. Auxin responsive small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) genes play essential roles in floral organ formation and fruit development. However, little is known about the role of SAUR genes in pineapple floral organ formation and fruit development as well as stress responses. In this study, based on genome information and transcriptome datasets, 52 AcoSAUR genes were identified and grouped into 12 groups. The gene structure analysis revealed that most AcoSAUR genes did not have introns, although auxin-acting elements were abundant in the promoter region of AcoSAUR members. The expression analysis across the multiple flower and fruit development stages revealed differential expression of AcoSAUR genes, indicating a tissue and stage-specific function of AcoSAURs. Correlation analysis and pairwise comparisons between gene expression and tissue specificity identified stamen-, petal-, ovule-, and fruit-specific AcoSAURs involved in pineapple floral organs (AcoSAUR4/5/15/17/19) and fruit development (AcoSAUR6/11/36/50). RT-qPCR analysis revealed that AcoSAUR12/24/50 played positive roles in response to the salinity and drought treatment. This work provides an abundant genomic resource for functional analysis of AcoSAUR genes during the pineapple floral organs and fruit development stages. It also highlights the role of auxin signaling involved in pineapple reproductive organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tao Ye
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeyuan She
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongjuan Qin
- Fishery Multiplication Management Station of Lijiang River Water Supply Hub Project, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Pingtan 350400, China.
| | - Xiaoping Niu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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19
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Wang L, Li J, Lin Y, Dang K, Wan J, Meng S, Qiu X, Wang Q, Mu L, Ding D, Luo H, Tang J. Comparative transcriptomics analysis at the key stage of maize ear development dissect heterosis. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20293. [PMID: 36478177 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Important traits related to maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, such as kernel row number, ear length, kernel number per row, are determined during the development of female inflorescence. There is a significant positive correlation between yield component and the activity of inflorescence meristem (IM). To find the key stage of heterosis in the development of the ear, immature ears (from the IM stage until the end of the floral meristem [FM] stage) of Yudan888 and its parent lines were sampled to assay phenotype and for comparative transcriptomics analysis. The immature ear length of Yudan888 at the IM stage fitted an additive (mid-parental) model, but it showed high parental dominance at the spikelet-pair meristem (SPM) stage. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes suggested significant differences between additive and nonadditive expression patterns for different developmental stages. The number of distinct maternal or paternal genes (DMP) (genes expressed only in one parental line and their hybrid but silenced in another line) was greater than ABF1 (genes expressed in both parental lines but silenced in hybrid) at each stage. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment suggested that the cell redox homeostasis genes with overdominance expression patterns in hybrids have an important contribution to heterosis. According to our research, an ear length heterosis network was established. The discovery of the inflection point for ear length heterosis allows us for inferring that the transition state of IM to SPM may be the starting point of ear length heterosis. These findings improved the understanding of maize ear length heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural Univ., Changsha, 410128, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural Univ., Changsha, 410128, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Kuntai Dang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiong Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shujun Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Liqin Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural Univ., Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural Univ., Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Nascimento FDS, Rocha ADJ, Soares JMDS, Mascarenhas MS, Ferreira MDS, Morais Lino LS, Ramos APDS, Diniz LEC, Mendes TADO, Ferreira CF, dos Santos-Serejo JA, Amorim EP. Gene Editing for Plant Resistance to Abiotic Factors: A Systematic Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020305. [PMID: 36679018 PMCID: PMC9860801 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural crops are exposed to various abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water deficits, temperature extremes, floods, radiation, and metal toxicity. To overcome these challenges, breeding programs seek to improve methods and techniques. Gene editing by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR/Cas-is a versatile tool for editing in all layers of the central dogma with focus on the development of cultivars of plants resistant or tolerant to multiple biotic or abiotic stresses. This systematic review (SR) brings new contributions to the study of the use of CRISPR/Cas in gene editing for tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. Articles deposited in different electronic databases, using a search string and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, were evaluated. This SR demonstrates that the CRISPR/Cas system has been applied to several plant species to promote tolerance to the main abiotic stresses. Among the most studied crops are rice and Arabidopsis thaliana, an important staple food for the population, and a model plant in genetics/biotechnology, respectively, and more recently tomato, whose number of studies has increased since 2021. Most studies were conducted in Asia, specifically in China. The Cas9 enzyme is used in most articles, and only Cas12a is used as an additional gene editing tool in plants. Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) have emerged as a DNA-free strategy for genome editing without exogenous DNA. This SR also identifies several genes edited by CRISPR/Cas, and it also shows that plant responses to stress factors are mediated by many complex-signaling pathways. In addition, the quality of the articles included in this SR was validated by a risk of bias analysis. The information gathered in this SR helps to understand the current state of CRISPR/Cas in the editing of genes and noncoding sequences, which plays a key role in the regulation of various biological processes and the tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, with potential for use in plant genetic improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anelita de Jesus Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mileide dos Santos Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edson Perito Amorim
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-75-3312-8058; Fax: +55-75-3312-8097
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21
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Ma Y, Yao L, Zhang L, Su A, Wang R, Song W, Li Z, Zhao J. Genome‐wide association analysis of chilling‐tolerant germination in a new maize association mapping panel. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
| | - Lan Yao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Hebei China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology Hebei China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Maize Beijing China
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22
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Zhao D, Jiao J, Du B, Liu K, Wang C, Ding Y. Volatile organic compounds from Lysinibacillus macroides regulating the seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1997-2009. [PMID: 36573143 PMCID: PMC9789275 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have the characteristics of long distance propagation, low concentration, perception, and indirect contact between organisms. In this experiment, Lysinibacillus macroides Xi9 was isolated from cassava residue, and the VOCs produced by this strain were analyzed by the SPME-GC-MS method, mainly including alcohols, esters, and alkanes. By inoculation of L. macroides Xi9, VOCs can promote the growth and change the root-system architecture of Arabidopsis seedlings. The results showed that the number of lateral roots, root density, and fresh weight of Arabidopsis seedlings were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01), and the number of roots hair was also increased after exposure to strain Xi9. Compared with the control group, the transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis seedlings treated with strain Xi9 for 5 days revealed a total of 508 genes differentially expressed (p < 0.05). After Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, it was found that genes encoding nitrate transport and assimilation, and the lateral root-related gene ANR1 were up-regulated. The content of NO3 - and amino acid in Arabidopsis seedlings were significantly higher from control group (p ≤ 0.01). Plant cell wall-related EXPA family genes and pectin lyase gene were up-regulated, resulting cell elongation of leaf. SAUR41 and up-regulation of its subfamily members, as well as the down-regulation of auxin efflux carrier protein PILS5 and auxin response factor 20 (ARF20) led to the accumulation of auxin. These results indicated that VOCs of strain Xi9 promote Arabidopsis seedlings growth and development by promoting nitrogen uptake, regulating auxin synthesis, and improving cell wall modification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01268-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Junhui Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yanqin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai’an, 271018 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Shelake RM, Kadam US, Kumar R, Pramanik D, Singh AK, Kim JY. Engineering drought and salinity tolerance traits in crops through CRISPR-mediated genome editing: Targets, tools, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100417. [PMID: 35927945 PMCID: PMC9700172 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged periods of drought triggered by climate change hamper plant growth and cause substantial agricultural yield losses every year. In addition to drought, salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely affect crop health and agricultural production. Plant responses to drought and salinity involve multiple processes that operate in a spatiotemporal manner, such as stress sensing, perception, epigenetic modifications, transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, and post-translational changes. Consequently, drought and salinity stress tolerance are polygenic traits influenced by genome-environment interactions. One of the ideal solutions to these challenges is the development of high-yielding crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance, together with improved agricultural practices. Recently, genome-editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) tools, have been effectively applied to elucidate how plants deal with drought and saline environments. In this work, we aim to portray that the combined use of CRISPR-based genome engineering tools and modern genomic-assisted breeding approaches are gaining momentum in identifying genetic determinants of complex traits for crop improvement. This review provides a synopsis of plant responses to drought and salinity stresses at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. We also highlight recent advances in CRISPR-based tools and their use in understanding the multi-level nature of plant adaptations to drought and salinity stress. Integrating CRISPR tools with modern breeding approaches is ideal for identifying genetic factors that regulate plant stress-response pathways and for the introgression of beneficial traits to develop stress-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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24
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Li X, Fan S, Cui X, Shao A, Wang W, Xie Y, Fu J. Transcriptome analysis of perennial ryegrass reveals the regulatory role of Aspergillus aculeatus under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13805. [PMID: 36270788 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important turf grass and forage grass with moderately tolerant to salinity stress. Aspergillus aculeatus has been documented to involved in salt stress response of perennial ryegrass, while the A. aculeatus-mediated molecular mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying A. aculeatus-mediated salt tolerance, the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the perennial ryegrass roots was performed. Twelve cDNA libraries from roots were constructed after 12 h of plant-fungus cocultivation under 300 mM salt stress concentrations. A total of 21,915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through pairwise comparisons. Enrichment analysis revealed that potentially important A. aculeatus-induced salt responsive genes belonging to specific categories, such as hormonal metabolism (auxin and salicylic acid metabolism related genes), secondary metabolism (flavonoid's metabolism related genes) and transcription factors (MYB, HSF and AP2/EREBP family). In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that blue and black modules were significantly positively correlated with the peroxidase activity and proline content, then the hub genes within these two modules were further identified. Taken together, we found the categories of A. aculeatus-induced salt responsive genes, revealing underlying fungus-induced molecular mechanisms of salt stress response in perennial ryegrass roots. Besides, fungus-induced salt-tolerant hub genes represent a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shugao Fan
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - An Shao
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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25
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Nagpal P, Reeves PH, Wong JH, Armengot L, Chae K, Rieveschl NB, Trinidad B, Davidsdottir V, Jain P, Gray WM, Jaillais Y, Reed JW. SAUR63 stimulates cell growth at the plasma membrane. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010375. [PMID: 36121899 PMCID: PMC9522268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, regulated cell expansion determines organ size and shape. Several members of the family of redundantly acting Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) proteins can stimulate plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase proton pumping activity by inhibiting PM-associated PP2C.D phosphatases, thereby increasing the PM electrochemical potential, acidifying the apoplast, and stimulating cell expansion. Similarly, Arabidopsis thaliana SAUR63 was able to increase growth of various organs, antagonize PP2C.D5 phosphatase, and increase H+-ATPase activity. Using a gain-of-function approach to bypass genetic redundancy, we dissected structural requirements for SAUR63 growth-promoting activity. The divergent N-terminal domain of SAUR63 has a predicted basic amphipathic α-helix and was able to drive partial PM association. Deletion of the N-terminal domain decreased PM association of a SAUR63 fusion protein, as well as decreasing protein level and eliminating growth-promoting activity. Conversely, forced PM association restored ability to promote H+-ATPase activity and cell expansion, indicating that SAUR63 is active when PM-associated. Lipid binding assays and perturbations of PM lipid composition indicate that the N-terminal domain can interact with PM anionic lipids. Mutations in the conserved SAUR domain also reduced PM association in root cells. Thus, both the N-terminal domain and the SAUR domain may cooperatively mediate the SAUR63 PM association required to promote growth. Plant organs reach their final shape and size after substantial cell expansion. Proton pumps at the plasma membrane promote cell expansion by acidifying the cell wall to loosen it, and by increasing electrochemical potential across the plasma membrane for solute uptake that maintains intracellular turgor. Plasma-membrane-associated proteins tightly regulate proton pump activity, in order for organs to grow to an appropriate extent. We have studied requirements for activity of one such regulatory protein in the model plant Arabidopsis called SAUR63. This protein is made rapidly in response to plant growth hormones, and it increases proton pump activity to promote organ growth. These activities depend on its binding to anionic lipids in the plasma membrane, and forced plasma membrane association of SAUR63 can increase growth. Many proteins in the same family are found within Arabidopsis and in all land plants, and likely differ in their affinity for the plasma membrane or in other properties. Further studies of other family members may show how such proteins regulate growth under diverse physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punita Nagpal
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Paul H. Reeves
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeh Haur Wong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Keun Chae
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel B. Rieveschl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brendan Trinidad
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vala Davidsdottir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Prateek Jain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William M. Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Jason W. Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Morphological, Transcriptome, and Hormone Analysis of Dwarfism in Tetraploids of Populus alba × P. glandulosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179762. [PMID: 36077160 PMCID: PMC9456051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for dwarfism is an important approach to improve lodging resistance. Here, we performed comparative analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, and hormone contents between diploids and tetraploids of poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa). Compared with diploids, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) contents were increased, whereas the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were decreased in tetraploids. RNA-sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves of tetraploids were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways. Most DEGs associated with IAA and GA promotion of plant growth and development were downregulated, whereas most DEGs associated with ABA and JA promotion of plant senescence were upregulated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that certain transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of genes involved in plant hormone pathways. Thus, the altered expression of some genes in the plant hormone pathways may lead to a reduction in IAA and GA contents, as well as an elevation in ABA and JA contents, resulting in the dwarfing of tetraploids. The results show that polyploidization is a complex biological process affected by multiple plant hormone signals, and it provides a foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of tetraploids dwarfing in forest trees.
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Involvement of Auxin-Mediated CqEXPA50 Contributes to Salt Tolerance in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) by Interaction with Auxin Pathway Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158480. [PMID: 35955612 PMCID: PMC9369402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a global problem that limits crop yields and threatens agricultural development. Auxin-induced expansins contribute to plant salt tolerance through cell wall loosening. However, how auxins and expansins contribute to the adaptation of the halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to salt stress has not yet been reported. Here, auxin was found to contribute to the salt tolerance of quinoa by promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments under salt stress, maintaining enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Chenopodium quinoa expansin (Cqexpansin) family and the auxin pathway gene family (Chenopodium quinoa auxin response factor (CqARF), Chenopodium quinoa auxin/indoleacetic acid (CqAux/IAA), Chenopodium quinoa Gretchen Hagen 3 (CqGH3) and Chenopodium quinoa small auxin upregulated RNA (CqSAUR)) were identified from the quinoa genome. Combined expression profiling identified Chenopodium quinoa α-expansin 50 (CqEXPA50) as being involved in auxin-mediated salt tolerance. CqEXPA50 enhanced salt tolerance in quinoa seedlings was revealed by transient overexpression and physiological and biochemical analyses. Furthermore, the auxin pathway and salt stress-related genes regulated by CqEXPA50 were identified. The interaction of CqEXPA50 with these proteins was demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC). The proteins that interact with CqEXPA50 were also found to improve salt tolerance. In conclusion, this study identified some genes potentially involved in the salt tolerance regulatory network of quinoa, providing new insights into salt tolerance.
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Function, Mechanism, and Application of Plant Melatonin: An Update with a Focus on the Cereal Crop, Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040634. [PMID: 35453319 PMCID: PMC9028855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multiple-function molecule that was first identified in animals and later in plants. Plant melatonin regulates versatile processes involved in plant growth and development, including seed germination, root architecture, flowering time, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, and biomass production. Published reviews on plant melatonin have been focused on two model plants: (1) Arabidopsis and (2) rice, in which the natural melatonin contents are quite low. Efforts to integrate the function and the mechanism of plant melatonin and to determine how plant melatonin benefits human health are also lacking. Barley is a unique cereal crop used for food, feed, and malt. In this study, a bioinformatics analysis to identify the genes required for barley melatonin biosynthesis was first performed, after which the effects of exogenous melatonin on barley growth and development were reviewed. Three integrated mechanisms of melatonin on plant cells were found: (1) serving as an antioxidant, (2) modulating plant hormone crosstalk, and (3) signaling through a putative plant melatonin receptor. Reliable approaches for characterizing the function of barley melatonin biosynthetic genes and to modulate the melatonin contents in barley grains are discussed. The present paper should be helpful for the improvement of barley production under hostile environments and for the reduction of pesticide and fungicide usage in barley cultivation. This study is also beneficial for the enhancement of the nutritional values and healthcare functions of barley in the food industry.
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29
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Zanin FC, Freitas NC, Pinto RT, Máximo WPF, Diniz LEC, Paiva LV. The SAUR gene family in coffee: genome-wide identification and gene expression analysis during somatic embryogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1973-1984. [PMID: 35034287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) genes form a wide family supposedly involved in different physiological and developmental processes in plants such as leaf senescence, auxin signaling and transport, hypocotyl development and tolerance to abiotic stresses. The transcription of SAUR genes is quickly induced by auxins, a group of phytohormones of major importance on embryo development. To better understand the distribution and expression profile of such still not explored family in Coffea sp., especially during the development of somatic embryogenesis (SE), SAUR members were characterized in silico using the available Coffea canephora genome data and analyzed for gene expression by RT-qPCR in C. arabica embryogenic samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Over C. canephora genome 31 CcSAURs were distributed by 11 chromosomes. Out of these 31 gene members, 5 SAURs were selected for gene expression analysis in C. arabica embryogenic materials. CaSAUR12 and CaSAUR18 were the members highly expressed through almost all plant materials. The other genes had more expression in at least one of the developing embryo stages or plantlets. The CaSAUR12 was the only member to exhibit an increased expression in both non-embryogenic calli and the developing embryo stages. CONCLUSION The identification of SAUR family on C. canephora genome followed by the analysis of gene expression profile across coffee somatic embryogenesis process on C. arabica represents a further additional step towards a better comprehension of molecular components acting on SE. Along with new research about this gene family such knowledge may support studies about clonal propagation methods via somatic embryogenesis to help the scientific community towards improvements into coffee crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Couto Zanin
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Natália Chagas Freitas
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Renan Terassi Pinto
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Wesley Pires Flausino Máximo
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200000, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Vilela Paiva
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200000, Brazil.
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30
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Mohammadi F, Naghavi MR, Peighambari SA, Khosravi Dehaghi N, Khaldari I, Bravi E, Marconi O, Perretti G. Abscisic acid crosstalk with auxin and ethylene in biosynthesis and degradation of inulin-type fructans in chicory. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:636-642. [PMID: 33710751 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different hormones on fructan accumulation and the genes regulating biosynthesis and degradation is known; however, information on hormonal interaction mechanisms for fructan content and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) is limited. Cell suspension cultures of chicory were prepared and treated with abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), ethylene (ETH), ABA + AUX or ABA + ETH, then inulin concentration, mDP of inulin and expression of FAZY genes was determined. A low concentration of AUX and ETH increased fructan content, while a high concentration of AUX and ETH decreased it. Exogenous ABA increased mDP of inulin and this coincided with the low expression of 1-FEHII. In hormone interactions, ABA changed and adjusted the effect of both AUX and ETH. ABA, together with a low level of AUX and ETH, resulted in a decrease in inulin content and increase in mDP, which coincided with low expression of FEHII. ABA together with a high level of AUX and ETH caused an increase in inulin content with a lower mDP, which coincided with high expression of biosynthesis (1-FFT) and degradation (1-FEHII) genes. The effect of both AUX and ETH was almost the same, although the effect of ETH was more severe. ABA had a modulating role in combinations with AUX and ETH. Among biosynthesis and degradation genes, the expression of 1-FEHII was more affected by these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohammadi
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M R Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - S A Peighambari
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - N Khosravi Dehaghi
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - I Khaldari
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - E Bravi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Marconi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Perretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Chen Y, Dubois M, Vermeersch M, Inzé D, Vanhaeren H. Distinct cellular strategies determine sensitivity to mild drought of Arabidopsis natural accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1171-1185. [PMID: 33693949 PMCID: PMC8195540 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide distribution of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions imposes different types of evolutionary pressures, which contributes to various responses of these accessions to environmental stresses. Responses to drought stress have mostly been studied in the Columbia accession, which is predominantly used in plant research. However, the reactions to drought stress are complex and our understanding of the responses that contribute to maintaining plant growth during mild drought (MD) is very limited. Here, we studied the mechanisms with which natural accessions react to MD at a physiological and molecular level during early leaf development. We documented variations in MD responses among natural accessions and used transcriptome sequencing of a drought-sensitive accession, ICE163, and a drought-insensitive accession, Yeg-1, to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying this discrepancy. This revealed that ICE163 preferentially induces jasmonate- and anthocyanin-related pathways, which are beneficial in biotic stress defense, whereas Yeg-1 has a more pronounced activation of abscisic acid signaling, the classical abiotic stress response. Related physiological traits, including the content of proline, anthocyanins, and reactive oxygen species, stomatal closure, and cellular leaf parameters, were investigated and linked to the transcriptional responses. We can conclude that most of these processes constitute general drought response mechanisms that are regulated similarly in drought-insensitive and -sensitive accessions. However, the capacity to close stomata and maintain cell expansion under MD appeared to be major factors that allow to better sustain leaf growth under MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mattias Vermeersch
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address for communication:
| | - Hannes Vanhaeren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Hussain S, Wang W, Ahmed S, Wang X, Adnan, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang N, Tian H, Chen S, Hu X, Wang T, Wang S. PIP2, An Auxin Induced Plant Peptide Hormone Regulates Root and Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646736. [PMID: 34054893 PMCID: PMC8161498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is one of the traditional plant hormones, whereas peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. Both auxin and plant peptide hormones regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development, and there are cross-talks between auxin and plant peptide hormones. PAMP-INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDES (PIPs) and PIP-LIKEs (PIPLs) are a new family of plant peptide hormone, and PIPL3/TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) has been shown to regulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. We report here the identification of PIP2 as an auxin response gene, and we found it plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that the expression of PIP2 but not PIP1 and PIP3 was induced by auxin, and auxin induced expression of PIP2 was reduced in nph4-1 and arf19-4, the lost-of-function mutants of Auxin Response Factor 7 (ARF7) and ARF19, respectively. By generating and characterizing overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP2, we found that root length in the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings was slightly shorter when compared with that in the Col wild type plants, but root length of the pip2 mutant seedlings remained largely unchanged. For comparison, we also generated overexpressing transgenic lines and gene edited mutants for PIP3, as well as pip2 pip3 double mutants. Surprisingly, we found that root length in the PIP3 overexpression plant seedlings is shorter than that of the PIP2 overexpression plant seedlings, and the pip3 mutant seedlings also produced short roots. However, root length in the pip2 pip3 double mutant seedlings is largely similar to that in the pip3 single mutant seedlings. On the other hand, hypocotyl elongation assays indicate that only the 35S:PIP2 transgenic plant seedlings produced longer hypocotyls when compared with the Col wild type seedlings. Further analysis indicates that PIP2 promotes cell division as well as cell elongation in hypocotyls. Taken together, our results suggest that PIP2 is an auxin response gene, and PIP2 plays a role in regulating root and hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis likely via regulating cell division and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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He Y, Liu Y, Li M, Lamin-Samu AT, Yang D, Yu X, Izhar M, Jan I, Ali M, Lu G. The Arabidopsis SMALL AUXIN UP RNA32 Protein Regulates ABA-Mediated Responses to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625493. [PMID: 33777065 PMCID: PMC7994887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNAs (SAURs) are recognized as auxin-responsive genes involved in the regulation of abiotic stress adaptive growth. Among the growth-limiting factors, water-deficit condition significantly affects plant growth and development. The putative function of SAUR family member AtSAUR32 has the potential to diminish the negative impact of drought stress, but the exact function and mode of action remain unclear in Arabidopsis. In the current study, AtSAUR32 gene was cloned and functionally analyzed. AtSAUR32 localized to the plasma membrane and nucleus was dominantly expressed in roots and highly induced by abscisic acid and drought treatment at certain time points. The stomatal closure and seed germination of saur32 were less sensitive to ABA relative to AtSAUR32-overexpressed line (OE32-5) and wild type (WT). Moreover, the saur32 mutant under drought stress showed increased ion leakage while quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and endogenous ABA accumulation were reduced, along with the expression pattern of ABA/stress-responsive genes compared with WT and the OE32-5 transgenic line. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that AtSAUR32 interacted with clade-A PP2C proteins (AtHAI1 and AtAIP1) to regulate ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results indicate that AtSAUR32 plays an important role in drought stress adaptation via mediating ABA signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun He
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Tumbeh Lamin-Samu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Izhar
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ibadullah Jan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Yu Z, Yao X, Chen J, Chen X, Zhou H, Lou Y, Ming F, Jin Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) gene family in plants: evolution and expression profiles during normal growth and stress response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:4. [PMID: 33407147 PMCID: PMC7789510 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin is critical to plant growth and development, as well as stress responses. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) is the largest family of early auxin responsive genes in higher plants. However, the function of few SAUR genes is known owing to functional redundancy among the many family members. RESULTS In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using protein sequences of 795 SAURs from Anthoceros angustus, Marchantia polymorpha, Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorffii, Ginkgo biloba, Gnetum montanum, Amborella trichopoda, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula and Setaria italica. The phylogenetic trees showed that the SAUR proteins could be divided into 10 clades and three subfamilies, and that SAUR proteins of three bryophyte species were only located in subfamily III, which suggested that they may be ancestral. From bryophyta to anthophyta, SAUR family have appeared very large expansion. The number of SAUR gene in Fabaceae species was considerably higher than that in other plants, which may be associated with independent whole genome duplication event in the Fabaceae lineages. The phylogenetic trees also showed that SAUR genes had expanded independently monocotyledons and dicotyledons in angiosperms. Conserved motif and protein structure prediction revealed that SAUR proteins were highly conserved among higher plants, and two leucine residues in motif I were observed in almost all SAUR proteins, which suggests the residues plays a critical role in the stability and function of SAUR proteins. Expression analysis of SAUR genes using publicly available RNA-seq data from rice and soybean indicated functional similarity of members in the same clade, which was also further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Summarization of SAUR functions also showed that SAUR functions were usually consistent within a subclade. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the evolution and function of the SAUR gene family from bryophyta to anthophyta, particularly in Fabaceae plants. Future investigation to understand the functions of SAUR family members should employ a clade as the study unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaodie Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuxia Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yue Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Guo X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Fan S. Screening of Salt Stress Responsive Genes in Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. by Transcriptome Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1522. [PMID: 33182395 PMCID: PMC7697870 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common abiotic stresses, salt stress seriously impairs crop yield. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a model species for studying wheat and other grasses. In the present investigation, the physiological responses of B. distachyon treated with different concentrations of NaCl for 24 h were measured. Therefore, the control and the seedlings of B. distachyon treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h were selected for transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome differential analysis showed that a total of 4116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, including 3120 upregulated and 996 downregulated ones. GO enrichment assay indicated that some subsets of genes related to the active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulatory substance metabolism, and abscisic-acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure were significantly upregulated under salt stress. The MapMan analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were dramatically enriched in wax metabolic pathways. The expressions of transcription factor (TF) family members such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF were increased under salt stress, regulating the response of plants to salt stress. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of grass crops to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
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36
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Tsai HH, Schmidt W. pH-dependent transcriptional profile changes in iron-deficient Arabidopsis roots. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:694. [PMID: 33023472 PMCID: PMC7539395 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron is an essential element for plants and abundantly present in most mineral soils. The mobility of iron is, however, dependent on the redox potential and hydrogen activity (pH) of the soil, factors that may limit its availability to plants in particular at alkaline pHs. Iron deficiency triggers pronounced changes in the transcriptional profile of plants, inducing processes that aid in the acquisition, uptake, and translocation of iron. How ambient pH impact the transcriptional iron deficiency response has not yet been elucidated in detail. Results Here, we provide an RNA-seq data set that catalogs global gene expression changes of iron-deficient plants grown at either optimal (5.5) or high (7.0) pH. A suite of 857 genes changed significantly and more than twofold in expression; only 54 genes of this suite were also differentially expressed between iron-deficient and iron-sufficient plants grown at pH 5.5. Among the high pH-responsive genes, 186 were earlier shown to be responsive to short-term transfer to low pH, 91 genes of this subset were anti-directionally regulated by high and low pH. The latter subset contained genes involved in cell wall organization, auxin homeostasis, and potential hubs of yet undefined signaling circuits. Growing iron-deficient plants at high pH also modulated the transcriptional iron deficiency response observed at pH 5.5 by compromising the enzymatic reduction of ferric chelates and favoring the production of iron-mobilizing coumarins. Conclusions It is concluded that ambient pH is an important determinant of global gene expression which tunes iron acquisition to the prevailing edaphic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Gazara RK, Khan S, Iqrar S, Ashrafi K, Abdin MZ. Comparative transcriptome profiling of rice colonized with beneficial endophyte, Piriformospora indica, under high salinity environment. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7655-7673. [PMID: 32979167 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The salinity stress tolerance in plants has been studied enormously, reflecting its agronomic relevance. Despite the extensive research, limited success has been achieved in relation to the plant tolerance mechanism. The beneficial interaction between Piriformospora indica and rice could essentially improve the performance of the plant during salt stress. In this study, the transcriptomic data between P. indica treated and untreated rice roots were compared under control and salt stress conditions. Overall, 661 salt-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected with 161 up- and 500 down-regulated genes in all comparison groups. Gene ontology analyses indicated the DEGs were mainly enriched in "auxin-activated signaling pathway", "water channel activity", "integral component of plasma membrane", "stress responses", and "metabolic processes". Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily related to "Zeatin biosynthesis", "Fatty acid elongation", "Carotenoid biosynthesis", and "Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites". Particularly, genes related to cell wall modifying enzymes (e.g. invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein and arabinogalactans), phytohormones (e.g. Auxin-responsive Aux/IAA gene family, ent-kaurene synthase, and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase) and receptor-like kinases (e.g. AGC kinase and receptor protein kinase) were induced in P. indica colonized rice under salt stress condition. The differential expression of these genes implies that the coordination between hormonal crosstalk, signaling, and cell wall dynamics contributes to the higher growth and tolerance in P. indica-inoculated rice. Our results offer a valuable resource for future functional studies on salt-responsive genes that should improve the resilience and adaptation of rice against salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Gazara
- Centro de Bioiências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" University, Campos dos goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Shazia Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sadia Iqrar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kudsiya Ashrafi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Malik Z Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Jiang L, Yang J, Liu C, Chen Z, Yao Z, Cao S. Overexpression of ethylene response factor ERF96 gene enhances selenium tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:294-300. [PMID: 32097848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in the regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we provide evidence for a role of ERF96, a member of the ERF transcription factor group IX, in selenite tolerance in Arabidopsis. ERF96 gene was rapidly up-regulated in response to selenite stress. Overexpression of ERF96 enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to selenite stress, while ERF96-silenced plants demonstrated wild-type (WT) resistance to selenite. In addition, the overexpression plants had significantly lower selenium (Se) content in shoots when subjected to selenite stress. Further investigation indicated that overexpression of ERF96 reduced transcript levels of selenite/phosphate transporters PHT1;1 and PHT2;1, which influenced Arabidopsis Se uptake and allocation in the presence of selenite. Moreover, our experiments showed that overexpression of ERF96 enhanced Arabidopsis antioxidant activity. Under selenite stress, ERF96-overexpressing lines exhibited the significant increases in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities as well as the glutathione (GSH) content, while had a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to WT. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ERF96 plays a positive role in the regulation of selenite tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Changxuan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
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Wen Z, Mei Y, Zhou J, Cui Y, Wang D, Wang NN. SAUR49 Can Positively Regulate Leaf Senescence by Suppressing SSPP in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:644-658. [PMID: 31851355 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA (SAUR) proteins in leaf senescence has been more and more acknowledged, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we performed yeast two-hybrid assays and identified SAUR49 as an interactor of SENESCENCE SUPPRESSED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (SSPP), which is a PP2C protein phosphatase that negatively regulates Arabidopsis leaf senescence by suppressing the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SARK), as reported previously by our group. The interaction between SAUR49 and SSPP was further confirmed in planta. Functional characterization revealed that SAUR49 is a positive regulator of leaf senescence. The accumulation level of SAUR49 protein increased during natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The transcript level of SAUR49 was upregulated during SARK-induced premature leaf senescence but downregulated during SSPP-mediated delayed leaf senescence. Overexpression of SAUR49 significantly accelerated both natural and dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. More importantly, SAUR49 overexpression completely reversed SSPP-induced delayed leaf senescence. In addition, overexpression of SAUR49 reversed the decreased plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity mediated by SSPP. Taken together, the results showed that SAUR49 functions in accelerating the leaf senescence process via the activation of SARK-mediated leaf senescence signaling by suppressing SSPP. We further identified four other SSPP-interacting SAURs, SAUR30, SAUR39, SAUR41 and SAUR72, that may act redundantly with SAUR49 in regulating leaf senescence. All these observations indicated that certain members of the SAUR family may serve as an important hub that integrates various hormonal and environmental signals with senescence signals in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanjiao Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Ding X, Zheng Y, Qiu T, Wang J. The SAUR41 subfamily of cell expansion-promoting genes modulates abscisic acid sensitivity and root touch response: a possible connection to ion homeostasis regulation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 15:1702239. [PMID: 31822155 PMCID: PMC7012171 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1702239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most primary auxin response genes are classified into three families, namely AUX/IAAs, GH3s, and SAURs. As a rapidly developing field of plant biology, recent studies have begun to address the function and mechanism of plant SAURs. We found that, in Arabidopsis, the SAUR41 subfamily genes were ABA-inducible, and overexpression of SAUR41 induced the biosynthesis of ABA. The saur41/40/71/72 quadruple mutants and the SAUR41 overexpression lines had an altered expression of ABA and calcium homeostasis/signaling genes, but not the AUX/IAAs and GH3s. Here, we reported that the quadruple mutants showed an increased sensitivity to ABA treatment, in terms of cotyledon greening/expansion rate, while for the overexpression lines, this was decreased. With respect to the root touch response, the overexpression of SAUR41 led to an extensive root looping phenotype, while the quadruple mutations of saur41s led to a relaxed root looping. As reported, the ion content (Na+, K+ and Fe2+), apoplast acidification ability, and salt tolerance were also abnormal in the quadruple mutants and/or the SAUR41 overexpression lines. Our work supports an emerging concept that ABA and calcium are integrated together to modulate ion homeostasis. In addition, our work demonstrates that SAUR41s might be new components for the regulation of ion homeostasis by ABA and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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