1
|
Yang H, Wei X, Huang K, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Wen S, Wang Q, Feng L. Features of attention network impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence from eye-tracking and electroencephalogram. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109887. [PMID: 38905916 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore multiple features of attention impairments in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS A total of 93 patients diagnosed with TLE at Xiangya Hospital during May 2022 and December 2022 and 85 healthy controls were included in this study. Participants were asked to complete neuropsychological scales and attention network test (ANT) with recording of eye-tracking and electroencephalogram. RESULTS All means of evaluation showed impaired attention functions in TLE patients. ANT results showed impaired orienting (p < 0.001) and executive control (p = 0.041) networks. Longer mean first saccade time (p = 0.046) and more total saccadic counts (p = 0.035) were found in eye-tracking results, indicating abnormal alerting and orienting networks. Both alerting, orienting and executive control networks were abnormal, manifesting as decreased amplitudes (N1 & P3, p < 0.001) and extended latency (P3, p = 0.002). The energy of theta, alpha and beta were all sensitive to the changes of alerting and executive control network with time, but only beta power was sensitive to the changes of orienting network. CONCLUSION Our findings are helpful for early identification of patients with TLE combined with attention impairments, which have strong clinical guiding significance for long-term monitoring and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongling Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shirui Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaynor AM, Gazes Y, Haynes CR, Babukutty RS, Habeck C, Stern Y, Gu Y. Childhood engagement in cognitively stimulating activities moderates relationships between brain structure and cognitive function in adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 138:36-44. [PMID: 38522385 PMCID: PMC11363693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSA) during adulthood has been shown to protect against neurocognitive decline, but no studies have investigated whether CSA during childhood protects against effects of brain changes on cognition later in life. The current study tested the moderating role of childhood CSA in the relationships between brain structure and cognitive performance during adulthood. At baseline (N=250) and 5-year follow-up (N=204) healthy adults aged 20-80 underwent MRI to assess four structural brain measures and completed neuropsychological tests to measure three cognitive domains. Participants were categorized into low and high childhood CSA based on self-report questionnaires. Results of multivariable linear regressions analyzing interactions between CSA, brain structure, and cognition showed that higher childhood CSA was associated with a weaker relationship between cortical thickness and memory at baseline, and attenuated the effects of change in cortical thickness and brain volume on decline in processing speed over time. These findings suggest higher CSA during childhood may mitigate the effects of brain structure changes on cognitive function later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Gaynor
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Montclair State University, Department of Psychology, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caleb R Haynes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Reshma S Babukutty
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Habeck
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guan DX, Churchill NW, Fischer CE, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA. Neuroanatomical correlates of distracted straight driving performance: a driving simulator MRI study across the lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1369179. [PMID: 38706457 PMCID: PMC11066182 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1369179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Driving is the preferred mode of transportation for adults across the healthy age span. However, motor vehicle crashes are among the leading causes of injury and death, especially for older adults, and under distracted driving conditions. Understanding the neuroanatomical basis of driving may inform interventions that minimize crashes. This exploratory study examined the neuroanatomical correlates of undistracted and distracted simulated straight driving. Methods One-hundred-and-thirty-eight participants (40.6% female) aged 17-85 years old (mean and SD = 58.1 ± 19.9 years) performed a simulated driving task involving straight driving and turns at intersections in a city environment using a steering wheel and foot pedals. During some straight driving segments, participants responded to auditory questions to simulate distracted driving. Anatomical T1-weighted MRI was used to quantify grey matter volume and cortical thickness for five brain regions: the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precentral gyrus (PG), superior temporal cortex (STC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and cerebellum. Partial correlations controlling for age and sex were used to explore relationships between neuroanatomical measures and straight driving behavior, including speed, acceleration, lane position, heading angle, and time speeding or off-center. Effects of interest were noted at an unadjusted p-value threshold of 0.05. Results Distracted driving was associated with changes in most measures of straight driving performance. Greater volume and cortical thickness in the PPC and cerebellum were associated with reduced variability in lane position and heading angle during distracted straight driving. Cortical thickness of the MFG, PG, PPC, and STC were associated with speed and acceleration, often in an age-dependent manner. Conclusion Posterior regions were correlated with lane maintenance whereas anterior and posterior regions were correlated with speed and acceleration, especially during distracted driving. The regions involved and their role in straight driving may change with age, particularly during distracted driving as observed in older adults. Further studies should investigate the relationship between distracted driving and the aging brain to inform driving interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan X. Guan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan W. Churchill
- Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E. Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jaywant A, Blunt E, Jamison K, Kim N, RoyChoudhury A, Schiff ND, Kuceyeski A, Dams-O'Connor K, Shah S. Association Between the Attention Network Test, Neuropsychological Measures, and Disability in Post-Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:318-329. [PMID: 37771426 PMCID: PMC10523404 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is persistent and disabling. Assessing cognitive function in a reliable and valid manner, using measures that are sensitive to the integrity of underlying neural substrates, is crucial in clinical research. The Attention Network Test (ANT) is one such assessment measure that has demonstrated associations with neural regions involved in attention; however, clinical utility of the ANT is limited because its relationship with neuropsychological measures of cognitive function (i.e., its construct validity) has not yet been established in TBI. We evaluated the association between the ANT and 1) a neuropsychological battery assessing executive function and memory and 2) global function assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). Forty-eight adults with complicated mild-severe TBI were evaluated ∼5 months post-injury. Using principal component analysis and multi-variate linear regression adjusted for age, gender, education, and cause of injury, we found that ANT reaction time and executive network scores predicted a principal component assessing processing speed and executive function. Conversely, the ANT did not predict a principal component assessing memory. The ANT was weakly associated with the GOSE. Among persons with TBI during the post-acute phase of recovery, the ANT has good construct validity as evidenced by its associations with neuropsychological measures of processing speed and executive function, but not memory. Given that ANT networks are known to relate to specific neuroanatomical regions, the ANT may be a useful outcome measure for evaluating novel therapeutics targeting attention and executive functions after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jaywant
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Blunt
- Brain Injury Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arindam RoyChoudhury
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Schiff
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Brain Injury Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sudhin Shah
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saldarini F, Cropley M. Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11304. [PMID: 36141575 PMCID: PMC9517081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are effective in reducing chronic stress, but their therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. One possibility is that MBIs act by re-training attention monitoring and acceptance skills that have been impaired by chronic stress exposure. However, little research has investigated the association between chronic stress, monitoring, and acceptance. In this cross-sectional study we hypothesised observing correlations between stress, and (impaired) monitoring and acceptance. Moreover, we exploratively compared the magnitude of the correlations between chronic stress and four acceptance measures. Finally, we explored whether the association between stress and monitoring is moderated by acceptance. Eighty-five adults participated in the study and completed self-reported chronic stress and acceptance questionnaires and a mindful attention behavioural task. The results revealed that chronic stress was associated with reduced acceptance (all ps < 0.01) but not with monitoring. Exploratory analyses revealed no differences in the magnitude of the correlations between stress and each acceptance measure, except for the combined facets of mindfulness acceptance subscales and nonreactivity subscale (p = 0.023). Further analyses revealed a significant negative association between stress and the interaction between acceptance and the target detection component of monitoring (p = 0.044). Surprisingly, these results show that stress is associated with reduced monitoring at higher levels of acceptance. Theory-driven intervention studies are warranted to complement our results.
Collapse
|
6
|
Funcionamiento de las redes atencionales en la adultez joven y el nivel de educación. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2022.25.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue observar el efecto de las variables nivel de estudios y adultez joven en la tarea de redes atencionales. Para ello, participaron 58 personas de población general separados en grupos de estudiantes y no estudiantes, y en adultez emergente y temprana, con los cuales se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental, utilizando como paradigma principal la tarea de redes atencionales. Los resultados mostraron que los grupos de estudiantes y no estudiantes no difirieron en rendimiento en ninguna de las condiciones de las redes, pero que, en cuanto a la variable adultez joven, hubo un efecto de interacción entre el tipo de adultez y la red de orientación, siendo el grupo adulto emergente más rápido que el grupo adulto temprano. Además, un análisis correlacional demostró que la edad correlacionó moderada y positivamente con el tiempo de reacción de todas las condiciones de la tarea atencional. Al final se discute la importancia del nivel de educación superior y la adultez joven sobre el funcionamiento de las redes atencionales en el campo de la psicología diferencial, y se mencionan las implicaciones de estos resultados en el ámbito clínico.
Collapse
|
7
|
Brown DD, Meulenbroek RGJ. A Systematic Review of Individual Differences in Perception, Action, and Decision Making: Implications for Dance Education. J Dance Med Sci 2022; 26:114-124. [PMID: 35287787 DOI: 10.12678/1089-313x.061522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This systematic bibliometric review summarizes recent neurocognitive research highlighting inter-individual differences in perception, action, and decision making that may have implications for dance education. First, the relevance of individual differences in cognitive functioning for dance education is illustrated by describing how a person's preferred reliance on certain perceptual, motor, or (meta) cognitive skills may be exploited in dance training. Subsequently, we describe the findings of a literature search conducted to identify cognitive neuroscientific publications between 2010 and 2021 that highlight individual differences in cognitive functions that were also found to be supported by structural or functional-connectivity differences in the central nervous system. To cluster the findings of the literature search, we propose a simplified, six-category information processing model. Finally, for each model category, we summarize recent representative findings on salient individual differences and tentatively formulate testable implications for dance education practice with regard to pedagogical and curricula adaptations. Finally, the review also delineates an agenda for lines of research of which the results hopefully will assist dance instructors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick D Brown
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; d.,
| | - Ruud G J Meulenbroek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nie L, Jiang Y, Lv Z, Pang X, Liang X, Chang W, Zheng J. A study of brain functional network and alertness changes in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 34996377 PMCID: PMC8740350 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly refractory. Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment strategy for refractory epilepsy, but patients with a history of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) have poor outcomes. Previous network studies on epilepsy have found that TLE and idiopathic generalized epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (IGE-GTCS) showed altered global and nodal topological properties. Alertness deficits also were found in TLE. However, FBTCS is a common type of seizure in TLE, and the implications for alertness as well as the topological rearrangements associated with this seizure type are not well understood. METHODS We obtained rs-fMRI data and collected the neuropsychological assessment data from 21 TLE patients with FBTCS (TLE- FBTCS), 18 TLE patients without FBTCS (TLE-non- FBTCS) and 22 controls, and constructed their respective functional brain networks. The topological properties were analyzed using the graph theoretical approach and correlations between altered topological properties and alertness were analyzed. RESULTS We found that TLE-FBTCS patients showed more serious impairment in alertness effect, intrinsic alertness and phasic alertness than the patients with TLE-non-FBTCS. They also showed significantly higher small-worldness, normalized clustering coefficient (γ) and a trend of higher global network efficiency (gE) compared to TLE-non-FBTCS patients. The gE showed a significant negative correlation with intrinsic alertness for TLE-non-FBTCS patients. CONCLUSION Our findings show different impairments in brain network information integration, segregation and alertness between the patients with TLE-FBTCS and TLE-non-FBTCS, demonstrating that impairments of the brain network may underlie the disruptions in alertness functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanchun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiulin Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Veríssimo J, Verhaeghen P, Goldman N, Weinstein M, Ullman MT. Evidence that ageing yields improvements as well as declines across attention and executive functions. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:97-110. [PMID: 34413509 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many but not all cognitive abilities decline during ageing. Some even improve due to lifelong experience. The critical capacities of attention and executive functions have been widely posited to decline. However, these capacities are composed of multiple components, so multifaceted ageing outcomes might be expected. Indeed, prior findings suggest that whereas certain attention/executive functions clearly decline, others do not, with hints that some might even improve. We tested ageing effects on the alerting, orienting and executive (inhibitory) networks posited by Posner and Petersen's influential theory of attention, in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (N = 702) of participants aged 58-98. Linear and nonlinear analyses revealed that whereas the efficiency of the alerting network decreased with age, orienting and executive inhibitory efficiency increased, at least until the mid-to-late 70s. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the patterns were robust. The results suggest variability in age-related changes across attention/executive functions, with some declining while others improve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Veríssimo
- Center of Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Paul Verhaeghen
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noreen Goldman
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Maxine Weinstein
- Center for Population and Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael T Ullman
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fjell AM, Sederevicius D, Sneve MH, de Lange AMG, Bråthen AC, Idland AV, Watne LO, Wang Y, Reinbold C, Dobricic V, Kilpert F, Blennow K, Zetterbergj H, Hong S, Bertram L, Walhovd KB. Self-reported Sleep Problems Related to Amyloid Deposition in Cortical Regions with High HOMER1 Gene Expression. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2144-2156. [PMID: 32142100 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are related to the elevated levels of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker β-amyloid (Aβ). Hypotheses about the causes of this relationship can be generated from molecular markers of sleep problems identified in rodents. A major marker of sleep deprivation is Homer1a, a neural protein coded by the HOMER1 gene, which has also been implicated in brain Aβ accumulation. Here, we tested whether the relationship between cortical Aβ accumulation and self-reported sleep quality, as well as changes in sleep quality over 3 years, was stronger in cortical regions with high HOMER1 mRNA expression levels. In a sample of 154 cognitively healthy older adults, Aβ correlated with poorer sleep quality cross-sectionally and longitudinally (n = 62), but more strongly in the younger than in older individuals. Effects were mainly found in regions with high expression of HOMER1. The anatomical distribution of the sleep-Aβ relationship followed closely the Aβ accumulation pattern in 69 patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD. Thus, the results indicate that the relationship between sleep problems and Aβ accumulation may involve Homer1 activity in the cortical regions, where harbor Aβ deposits in AD. The findings may advance our understanding of the relationship between sleep problems and AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OSLO 0424, Norway
| | - Donatas Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie Glasø de Lange
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Anne CecilieSjøli Bråthen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Céline Reinbold
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdiscliplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Fabian Kilpert
- Lübeck Interdiscliplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 43 180, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 43 141, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterbergj
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 43 180, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 43 141, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdiscliplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.,Lübeck Interdiscliplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OSLO 0424, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rieck JR, Baracchini G, Grady CL. Contributions of Brain Function and Structure to Three Different Domains of Cognitive Control in Normal Aging. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1811-1832. [PMID: 34375414 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control involves the flexible allocation of mental resources during goal-directed behavior and comprises three correlated but distinct domains-inhibition, shifting, and working memory. The work of Don Stuss and others has demonstrated that frontal and parietal cortices are crucial to cognitive control, particularly in normal aging, which is characterized by reduced control mechanisms. However, the structure-function relationships specific to each domain and subsequent impact on performance are not well understood. In the current study, we examined both age and individual differences in functional activity associated with core domains of cognitive control in relation to fronto-parietal structure and task performance. Participants (n = 140, aged 20-86 years) completed three fMRI tasks: go/no-go (inhibition), task switching (shifting), and n-back (working memory), in addition to structural and diffusion imaging. All three tasks engaged a common set of fronto-parietal regions; however, the contributions of age, brain structure, and task performance to functional activity were unique to each domain. Aging was associated with differences in functional activity for all tasks, largely in regions outside common fronto-parietal control regions. Shifting and inhibition showed greater contributions of structure to overall decreases in brain activity, suggesting that more intact fronto-parietal structure may serve as a scaffold for efficient functional response. Working memory showed no contribution of structure to functional activity but had strong effects of age and task performance. Together, these results provide a comprehensive and novel examination of the joint contributions of aging, performance, and brain structure to functional activity across multiple domains of cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest.,University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou M, de Chastelaine M, Donley BE, Rugg MD. Specific and general relationships between cortical thickness and cognition in older adults: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:89-101. [PMID: 33765434 PMCID: PMC8110604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that relationships between regional cortical thickness and domain-specific cognitive performance can be mediated by the relationship between global cortical thickness and domain-general cognition. Whether such findings extend to longitudinal cognitive change remains unclear. Here, we examined the relationships in healthy older adults between cognitive performance, longitudinal cognitive change over 3 years, and cortical thickness at baseline of the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left and right hemispheres. Both right IFG and right hemisphere thickness predicted baseline general cognition and domain-specific cognitive performance. Right IFG thickness was also predictive of longitudinal memory change. However, right IFG thickness was uncorrelated with cognitive performance and memory change after controlling for the mean thickness of other ipsilateral cortical regions. In addition, most identified associations between cortical thickness and specific cognitive domains were nonsignificant after controlling for the variance shared with other cognitive domains. Thus, relationships between right IFG thickness, cognitive performance, and memory change appear to be largely accounted for by more generic relationships between cortical thickness and cognition. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled "COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING". The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect athttps://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Hou
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Marianne de Chastelaine
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Donley
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maldonado T, Orr JM, Goen JRM, Bernard JA. Age Differences in the Subcomponents of Executive Functioning. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:e31-e55. [PMID: 31943092 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Across the life span, deficits in executive functioning (EF) are associated with poor behavioral control and failure to achieve goals. Though EF is often discussed as one broad construct, a prominent model of EF suggests that it is composed of three subdomains: inhibition, set shifting, and updating. These subdomains are seen in both younger (YA) and older adults (OA), with performance deficits across subdomains in OA. Therefore, our goal was to investigate whether subdomains of EF might be differentially affected by age, and how these differences may relate to broader global age differences in EF. METHODS To assess these age differences, we conducted a meta-analysis at multiple levels, including task level, subdomain level, and of global EF. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that there would be overall differences in EF in OA. RESULTS Using 1,268 effect sizes from 401 articles, we found overall differences in EF with age. Results suggested that differences in performance are not uniform, such that variability in age effects emerged at the task level, and updating was not as affected by age as other subdomains. DISCUSSION These findings advance our understanding of age differences in EF, and stand to inform early detection of EF decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ted Maldonado
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Joseph M Orr
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - James R M Goen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Jessica A Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lema A, Carvalho S, Fregni F, Gonçalves ÓF, Leite J. The effects of direct current stimulation and random noise stimulation on attention networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6201. [PMID: 33737661 PMCID: PMC7973424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is a complex cognitive process that selects specific stimuli for further processing. Previous research suggested the existence of three attentional networks: alerting, orienting and executive. However, one important topic is how to enhance the efficiency of attentional networks. In this context, understanding how this system behaves under two different modulatory conditions, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), will provide important insights towards the understanding of the attention network system. Twenty-seven healthy students took part on a randomized single-blinded crossover study, testing the effects that involved three modalities of unilateral stimulation (tRNS, anodal tDCS, and sham) over the DLPFC, during the performance of the attention network test (ANT) in three different conditions: standard, speed and accuracy. Results showed that tRNS was able to increase attention during more complex situations, namely by increasing alerting and decreasing conflict effect in the executive network. Under the Speed condition, tRNS increased efficiency of the alerting network, as well as under the more demanding conflict network, tRNS overall increased the performance when comparing to sham. No statistical significant effects of tDCS were observed. These results are compatible with the attention requiring the synchronization of pre-existing networks, rather the reinforcement or creation of new pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lema
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- I2P-Portucalense Institute for Psychology, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boen R, Ferschmann L, Vijayakumar N, Overbye K, Fjell AM, Espeseth T, Tamnes CK. Development of attention networks from childhood to young adulthood: A study of performance, intraindividual variability and cortical thickness. Cortex 2021; 138:138-151. [PMID: 33689979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cognitive development is manifold, with different functions developing at different speeds at different ages. Attention is an important domain of this cognitive development, and involves distinct developmental trajectories for separate functions, including conflict processing, selection of sensory input and alertness. In children, several studies using the Attention Network Test (ANT) have investigated the development of three attentional networks that carry out the functions of executive control, orienting and alerting. There is, however, a lack of studies on the development of these attentional components across adolescence, limiting our understanding of their protracted development. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study using mixed methods to examine the development of the attentional components and their intraindividual variability from late childhood to young adulthood (n = 287, n observations = 408, age range = 8.5-26.7 years, mean follow up interval = 4.4 years). The results indicated that executive control stabilized during late adolescence, while orienting and alerting continued to develop into young adulthood. In addition, a continuous development into young adulthood was observed for the intraindividual variability measures of orienting and alerting. In a subsample with available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (n = 169, n observations = 281), higher alerting scores were associated with thicker cortices within a right prefrontal cortical region and greater age-related cortical thinning in left rolandic operculum, while higher orienting scores were associated with greater age-related cortical thinning in frontal and parietal regions. Finally, increased consistency of orienting performance was associated with thinner cortex in prefrontal regions and reduced age-related thinning in frontal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Boen
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Knut Overbye
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gray Matter Morphometry Correlates with Attentional Efficiency in Young-Adult Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010080. [PMID: 33435314 PMCID: PMC7826940 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Slowed processing on the alerting, orienting and executive control components of attention measured using the Attention Network Test-Interactions (ANT-I) have been widely reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the assumption that these components correspond to specific neuroanatomical networks in the brain, little is known about gray matter changes that occur in MS and their association with ANT-I performance. We investigated vertex-wise cortical thickness changes and deep gray matter volumetric changes in young MS participants (N = 21, age range: 18-35) with pediatric or young-adult onset and mild disease severity. ANT-I scores and cortical thickness were not significantly different between MS participants and healthy volunteers (N = 19, age range: 18-35), but thalamic volumes were significantly lower in MS. Slowed reaction times on the alerting component in MS correlated significantly with reduced volume of the right pallidum in MS. Slowed reaction times on executive control component correlated significantly with reduced thickness in the frontal, parietal and visual cortical areas and with reduced volume of the left putamen in MS. These findings demonstrate associations between gray matter changes and attentional performance even in the absence of widespread atrophy or slowed attentional processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Modulation of compatibility effects in response to experience: Two tests of initial and sequential learning. Atten Percept Psychophys 2020; 83:837-852. [PMID: 33169331 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Attentional control is a key component of goal-directed behavior. Modulation of this control in response to the statistics of the environment allows for flexible processing or suppression of relevant and irrelevant items in the environment. Modulation occurs robustly in compatibility-based attentional tasks, where incompatibility-related slowing is reduced when incompatible events are likely (i.e., the proportion compatibility effect; PCE). The PCE implicates dynamic changes in the measured compatibility effects that are central to fields of study such as attention, executive functions, and cognitive control. In these fields, stability in compatibility effects are generally assumed, which may be problematic if individual or group differences in measured compatibility effects may arise from differences in statistical learning speed or magnitude. Further, the sequential nature of many studies may lead the learning of certain statistics to be inadvertently applied to future behaviors. Here, we report tests of learning the PCE across conditions of task statistics and sequential blocks. We then test for the influence of feedback on the development of the PCE. We find clear evidence for the PCE, but no conclusive evidence for its slow development through experience. Initial experience with more incompatible trials selectively mitigated performance decreases in a subsequent block. Despite the lack of behavioral changes associated with patterns of learning, systematic within-task changes in compatibility effects remain an important possible source of variation in a wide range of attention research.
Collapse
|
18
|
The Impact of a Multitasking-Based Virtual Reality Motion Video Game on the Cognitive and Physical Abilities of Older Adults. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates how playing a well-designed multitasking motion video game in a virtual reality (VR) environment can positively impact the cognitive and physical health of older players. We developed a video game that combines cognitive and physical training in a VR environment. The impact of playing the game was measured through a four-week longitudinal experiment. Twenty healthy older adults were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (i.e., game training) or a control group (i.e., no contact). Participants played three 45-min sessions per week completing cognitive tests for attention, working memory, reasoning and a test for physical balance before and after the intervention. Results showed that compared to the control group, the game group showed significant improvements in working memory and a potential for enhancing reasoning and balance ability. Furthermore, while the older adults enjoyed playing the video game, ability enhancements were associated with their intrinsic motivation to play. Overall, cognitive training with multitasking VR motion video games has positive impacts on the cognitive and physical health of older adults.
Collapse
|
19
|
Disrupted alertness and related functional connectivity in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107369. [PMID: 32858367 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focal impaired awareness seizures are common in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The cognitive impairment associated with this type of seizure is unclear. Alertness is a fundamental aspect of cognition. The locus coeruleus (LC) is closely related to alertness. We aimed to assess the impairment in alertness and LC-related alertness network in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures. METHODS Patients with unilateral TLE were grouped into the only focal impaired awareness seizure group (focal group, n = 19) and the focal impaired awareness seizure with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (FBTCS) group (FBTCS group, n = 19) and compared with matched healthy controls (HC, n = 19). Alertness was assessed with the attention network test. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to construct an alertness-related LC-based functional connectivity (FC) network. RESULTS The focal group exhibited impaired tonic and phasic alertness and exhibited a decreased trend of LC-based FC to the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG). The FBTCS group exhibited impaired tonic alertness, phasic alertness, and alertness efficiency. No significant difference or trend in LC-based FC was found in the FBTCS group. SIGNIFICANCE This study reveals disrupted alertness and alertness-related LC-based FC in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures. Our results further demonstrate that the patterns of impaired alertness and of changed LC-based FC were not significantly different between focal impaired awareness seizures and FBTCS.
Collapse
|
20
|
McIntosh RC, Hoshi R, Nomi JS, Di Bello M, Goodman ZT, Kornfeld S, Uddin LQ, Ottaviani C. Neurovisceral integration in the executive control network: A resting state analysis. Biol Psychol 2020; 157:107986. [PMID: 33137415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurovisceral integration models emphasize the role of frontal lobes in cognitive, behavioral, and emotional regulation. Two candidate hubs for the regulation of cardio-autonomic control, anxiety, and executive attention are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Two-hundred and seventy-one adults (62.9 % female) aged 18-85 years were selected from the NKI-Rockland Sample. Resting state functional imaging data was preprocessed, and seeds extracted from bilateral DLPFC and MFG to test 4 regression models predicting connectivity with high frequency HRV (HF-HRV), trait anxiety (TA), and reaction time on an executive attention task. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and head motion, the right DLPFC-MFG seed pair provided strongest support for neurovisceral integration indexed by HF-HRV, low TA and shorter reaction time on the attention network task. This hemispheric effect may underlie the inhibitory role of right PFC in the regulation of cardio-autonomic function, emotion, and executive attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, United States.
| | - Rosangela Hoshi
- University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, United States
| | - Maria Di Bello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Zachary T Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, United States
| | - Salome Kornfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, United States
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, United States
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo Y, Zhang J. The Effect of Tactile Training on Sustained Attention in Young Adults. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100695. [PMID: 33008095 PMCID: PMC7601015 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention is crucial for higher-order cognition and real-world activities. The idea that tactile training improves sustained attention is appealing and has clinical significance. The aim of this study was to explore whether tactile training could improve visual sustained attention. Using 128-channel electroencephalography (EEG), we found that participants with tactile training outperformed non-trainees in the accuracy and calculation efficiency measured by the Math task. Furthermore, trainees demonstrated significantly decreased omission error measured by the sustained attention to response task (SART). We also found that the improvements in behavioral performance were associated with parietal P300 amplitude enhancements. EEG source imaging analyses revealed stronger brain activation among the trainees in the prefrontal and sensorimotor regions at P300. These results suggest that the tactile training can improve sustained attention in young adults, and the improved sustained attention following training may be due to more effective attentional resources allocation. Our findings also indicate the use of a noninvasive tactile training paradigm to improve cognitive functions (e.g., sustained attention) in young adults, potentially leading to new training and rehabilitative protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beihang University Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beihang University Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Hefei 230013, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-2007-2136
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ulrichsen KM, Alnaes D, Kolskår KK, Richard G, Sanders AM, Dørum ES, Ihle-Hansen H, Pedersen ML, Tornås S, Nordvik JE, Westlye LT. Dissecting the cognitive phenotype of post-stroke fatigue using computerized assessment and computational modeling of sustained attention. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3828-3845. [PMID: 32530498 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is prevalent among stroke patients, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Many patients with PSF experience cognitive difficulties, but studies aiming to identify cognitive correlates of PSF have been largely inconclusive. With the aim of characterizing the relationship between subjective fatigue and attentional function, we collected behavioral data using the attention network test (ANT) and self-reported fatigue scores using the fatigue severity scale (FSS) from 53 stroke patients. In order to evaluate the utility and added value of computational modeling for delineating specific underpinnings of response time (RT) distributions, we fitted a hierarchical drift diffusion model (hDDM) to the ANT data. Results revealed a relationship between fatigue and RT distributions. Specifically, there was a positive interaction between FSS score and elapsed time on RT. Group analyses suggested that patients without PSF increased speed during the course of the session, while patients with PSF did not. In line with the conventional analyses based on observed RT, the best fitting hDD model identified an interaction between elapsed time and fatigue on non-decision time, suggesting an increase in time needed for stimulus encoding and response execution rather than cognitive information processing and evidence accumulation. These novel results demonstrate the significance of considering the sustained nature of effort when defining the cognitive phenotype of PSF, intuitively indicating that the cognitive phenotype of fatigue entails an increased vulnerability to sustained effort, and suggest that the use of computational approaches offers a further characterization of specific processes underlying behavioral differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Dag Alnaes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | | | - Mads L Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dissociated deficits in attentional networks in social anxiety and depression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1071-1078. [PMID: 32112270 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A critical cognitive symptom that is commonly involved in social anxiety and depression is attentional deficit. However, the functional relationship between attentional deficit and these two disorders remains poorly understood. Here, we behaviorally disentangled the three key attentional components (alerting, orienting, and executive control) using the established attentional network task (ANT) to investigate how social anxiety and depression are related to deficits in these attention components. We identified a double dissociation between the symptoms of social anxiety and depression and the attentional component deficits when processing non-emotional stimuli. While individuals vulnerable to social anxiety exhibited deficits in the orienting component, individuals vulnerable to depression were impaired in the executive control component. Our findings showed that social anxiety and depression were associated with deficits in different attentional components, which are not specific to emotional information.
Collapse
|
24
|
Neuropsychology and Neuroanatomy of Code Switching: Test Development and Application. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-019-00548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
25
|
Liu J, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Qin L, Ye W, Zheng J. Disrupted functional network in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with impaired alertness. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106573. [PMID: 31677580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Alertness is an important subfunction of cognition, but it is poorly understood in TLE. We hypothesized that disruptions to underlying brain networks may affect alertness in patients with TLE. Patients with unilateral TLE were grouped into low-alertness and high-alertness groups, and they were matched with healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20 each). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to construct functional brain networks, and graph theory was used to identify topological parameters of the networks. At the global level, patients with low alertness had networks with less small-worldness and less normalized clustering than HCs. At the nodal level, patients with low alertness exhibited decreased centrality of the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus compared with HCs and increased centrality of the right postcentral gyrus compared with patients with high alertness. This study reveals a decreased separation, tending toward randomization, of the functional network in patients with TLE with impaired alertness. Our results also suggest that the parahippocampal gyrus may contribute to impaired alertness and the right postcentral gyrus plays an important role in the modulation of alertness in patients with TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park J, Miller CA, Sanjeevan T, van Hell JG, Weiss DJ, Mainela-Arnold E. Bilingualism and Attention in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:4105-4118. [PMID: 31652405 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dual language experience modulates the efficiency of the 3 attentional networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control) in typically developing (TD) children and in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Method We examined the attentional networks in monolingual and bilingual school-aged children (ages 8-12 years) with and without DLD. TD children (35 monolinguals, 23 bilinguals) and children with DLD (17 monolinguals, 9 bilinguals) completed the Attention Network Test (Fan et al., 2002; Fan, McCandliss, Fossella, Flombaum, & Posner, 2005). Results Children with DLD exhibited poorer executive control than TD children, but executive control was not modified by bilingual experience. The bilingual group with DLD and both TD groups exhibited an orienting effect, but the monolingual group with DLD did not. No group differences were found for alerting. Conclusions Children with DLD have weak executive control skills. These skills are minimally influenced by dual language experience, at least in this age range. A potential bilingual advantage in orienting may be present in the DLD group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisook Park
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Teenu Sanjeevan
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet G van Hell
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Elina Mainela-Arnold
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dash T, Berroir P, Joanette Y, Ansaldo AI. Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Control: The Effect of Bilingualism and Age on the Subcomponents of Attention. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1122. [PMID: 31736852 PMCID: PMC6831726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-long experience of using two or more languages has been shown to enhance cognitive control abilities in young and elderly bilinguals in comparison to their monolingual peers. This advantage has been found to be larger in older adults in comparison to younger adults, suggesting that bilingualism provides advantages in cognitive control abilities. However, studies showing this effect have used a variety of tasks (Simon Task, Stroop task, Flanker Task), each measuring different subcomponents of attention and raising mixed results. At the same time, attention is not a unitary function but comprises of subcomponents which can be distinctively addressed within the Attention Network Test (ANT) (1, 2). The purpose of this work was to examine the neurofunctional correlates of the subcomponents of attention in healthy young and elderly bilinguals taking into account the L2 age of acquisition, language usage, and proficiency. Participants performed an fMRI version of the ANT task, and speed, accuracy, and BOLD data were collected. As expected, results show slower overall response times with increasing age. The ability to take advantage of the warning cues also decreased with age, resulting in reduced alerting and orienting abilities in older adults. fMRI results showed an increase in neurofunctional activity in the frontal and parietal areas in elderly bilinguals when compared to young bilinguals. Furthermore, higher L2 proficiency correlated negatively with activation in frontal area, and that faster RTs correlated negatively with activation in frontal and parietal areas. Such a correlation, especially with L2 proficiency was not present in young bilinguals and provides evidence for a bilingual advantage in the alerting subcomponent of attention that characterizes elderly bilinguals' performance. This study thus provides extra details about the bilingual advantage in the subcomponent of attention, in older bilinguals. Consequently, speaking more than one language impacts cognition and the brain later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Dash
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Berroir
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Joanette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Inés Ansaldo
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Frank B, Roszyk M, Hurley L, Drejaj L, McKay D. Inattention in misophonia: Difficulties achieving and maintaining alertness. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 42:66-75. [PMID: 31537171 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1666801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Misophonia is marked by abnormal negative reactions to specific and idiosyncratic sounds. Despite unclear etiology and diagnostic conceptualization, neuropsychology may be able to help characterize the syndrome. In the current study, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) under symptom provocation conditions, as well as secondary measures of concept formation, perseveration, processing speed, and frustration tolerance. We assessed treatment seeking individuals with misophonia and non-clinical controls. We hypothesized higher alerting, orienting, and conflict effects on the ANT suggesting overall poorer performance for the misophonia group.Methods: The sample consisted of symptomatic individuals recruited from a randomized treatment trial prior to the mandatory waitlist (n = 11) and age, gender matched controls (n = 11). Symptomatic individuals were screened with the Misophonia Questionnaire, as well as a number of additional self-report and diagnostic measures.Results: Robust Bayesian estimation in multi-level models suggested worse alerting attention for symptomatic individuals, βMedian = 2.766, βSD = 1.253, 95% CI [0.322, 5.2876], Bayes factor = 31.41. There were no effects respective to block (i.e., blocks before versus during and after symptom provocation) or interaction effects. There were also no effects particular to executive functioning measures but some evidence this domain should be further explored (e.g., ANT conflict effects, perseveration, and serial math accuracy).Conclusions: We propose that symptom provocation alone does not explain the observed group difference in alerting attention, which could reflect a long-standing neuropsychological weakness. Future studies should attempt to characterize misophonia with more comprehensive neuropsychological batteries and larger samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Frank
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meaghan Roszyk
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Landon Hurley
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Loreta Drejaj
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Delalande L, Moyon M, Tissier C, Dorriere V, Guillois B, Mevell K, Charron S, Salvia E, Poirel N, Vidal J, Lion S, Oppenheim C, Houdé O, Cachia A, Borst G. Complex and subtle structural changes in prefrontal cortex induced by inhibitory control training from childhood to adolescence. Dev Sci 2019; 23:e12898. [PMID: 31469938 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of training interventions have been designed to improve executive functions and inhibitory control (IC) across the lifespan. Surprisingly, no study has investigated the structural neuroplasticity induced by IC training from childhood to late adolescence, a developmental period characterized by IC efficiency improvement and protracted maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions involved in IC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and structural changes induced by a 5-week computerized and adaptive IC training in school-aged children (10-year-olds) and in adolescents (16-year-olds). Sixty-four children and 59 adolescents were randomly assigned to an IC (i.e. Color-Word Stroop and Stop-Signal tasks) or an active control (AC) (knowledge- and vocabulary-based tasks) training group. In the pre- and posttraining sessions, participants performed the Color-Word Stroop and Stop-signal tasks, and an anatomical resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired for each of them. Children's IC efficiency improved from the pre- to the posttraining session in boys but not in girls. In adolescents, IC efficiency did not improve after IC training. Similar to the neuroplastic mechanisms observed during brain maturation, we observed IC training-related changes in cortical thickness and cortical surface area in several PFC subregions (e.g. the pars opercularis, triangularis, and orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyri) that were age- and gender-specific. Because no correction for multiple comparisons was applied, the results of our study provide only preliminary evidence of the complex structural neuroplastic mechanisms at the root of behavioral changes in IC efficiency from pre- to posttraining in school-aged children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marine Moyon
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Cloélia Tissier
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Katel Mevell
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Charron
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julie Vidal
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lion
- Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Auday ES, Pérez-Edgar KE. Limbic and prefrontal neural volume modulate social anxiety in children at temperamental risk. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:690-700. [PMID: 31373755 PMCID: PMC6684311 DOI: 10.1002/da.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical levels of a social anxiety disorder (SAD) often appear during childhood and rise to a peak during late adolescence. The temperament trait behavioral inhibition (BI), evident early in childhood, has been linked to increased risk for SAD. Functional and structural variations in brain regions associated with the identification of, and response to, fear may support the BI-SAD relation. Whereas relevant functional studies are emerging, the few extant structural studies have focused on adult samples with mixed findings. METHODS A moderated-mediation model was used to examine the relations between BI, SAD symptoms, and brain-volume individual differences in a sample of children at risk for anxiety (ages 9-12; N = 130, 52 BI). RESULTS Our findings indicate that at higher levels of BI, children with smaller anterior insula volumes showed stronger correlations between BI and SAD. In addition, larger ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) volumes were associated with fewer SAD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previous reports linking SAD levels with variations in volume and reactivity in both limbic (insula) and prefrontal (vlPFC) regions. These findings set the foundation for further examination of networks of neural structures that influence the transition from BI to SAD across development, helping further clarify mechanisms of risk and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran S. Auday
- The Pennsylvania State University,Geisinger Health System
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitko A, Rothlein D, Poole V, Robinson M, McGlinchey R, DeGutis J, Salat D, Esterman M. Individual differences in sustained attention are associated with cortical thickness. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3243-3253. [PMID: 30980462 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined how individual differences in sustained attention relate to functional brain measures (e.g., functional connectivity), but far fewer studies relate sustained attention ability, or cognition in general, to individual differences in cortical structure. Functional magnetic resonance imaging meta-analyses and patient work have highlighted that frontoparietal regions, lateralized to the right hemisphere, are critical for sustained attention, though recent work implicates a broader expanse of brain regions. The current study sought to determine if and where variation in cortical thickness is significantly associated with sustained attention performance. Sustained attention was measured using the gradual onset continuous performance task and the Test of Variables of Attention in 125 adult Veteran participants after acquiring two high-resolution structural MRI scans. Whole-brain vertex-wise analyses of the cortex demonstrated that better sustained attention was associated with increased thickness in visual, somatomotor, frontal, and parietal cortices, especially in the right hemisphere. Network-based analyses revealed relationships between sustained attention and cortical thickness in the dorsal attention, ventral attention, somatomotor, and visual networks. These results indicate cortical thickness in multiple regions and networks is associated with sustained attention, and add to the growing knowledge of how structural MRI can help explain individual differences in cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mitko
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Rothlein
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Poole
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meghan Robinson
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Esterman
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Habitual action video game players display increased cortical thickness in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroreport 2019; 29:393-396. [PMID: 29461337 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Action video game players (aVGPs) display increased performance in attention-based tasks and enhanced procedural motor learning. In parallel, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is centrally implicated in specific types of reward-based learning and attentional control, the execution or inhibition of motor commands, and error detection. These processes are hypothesized to support aVGP in-game performance and enhanced learning though in-game feedback. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that habitual aVGPs would display increased cortical thickness compared with nonvideo game players (nonVGPs). Results showed that the aVGP group (n=17) displayed significantly higher levels of cortical thickness specifically in the dorsal ACC compared with the nonVGP group (n=16). Results are discussed in the context of previous findings examining video game experience, attention/performance, and responses to affective components such as pain and fear.
Collapse
|
33
|
Urgen BM, Topac Y, Ustun FS, Demirayak P, Oguz KK, Kansu T, Saygi S, Ozcelik T, Boyaci H, Doerschner K. Homozygous LAMC3 mutation links to structural and functional changes in visual attention networks. Neuroimage 2019; 190:242-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
34
|
Medina D, Barraza P. Efficiency of attentional networks in musicians and non-musicians. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01315. [PMID: 30976668 PMCID: PMC6439233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is a complex and properly human skill. Previous studies indicate that systematic musical training induces specific structural brain changes and improves audio-motor functions. However, whether these benefits can transfer into functional improvements of attentional skills is still little known. To shed light on this issue, in the present study we explored the relationship between long-term musical training and the efficiency of the attentional system. We used the attention network test (ANT) to compare the performance of the alerting, orienting and executive attentional networks of professional pianists against a matched group of non-musician adults. We found that musicians were significantly faster to respond across the ANT task, and that the executive attentional network was more efficient in musicians than non-musicians. We found no differences in the efficiency of the alerting and orienting networks between both groups. Interestingly, we found that the efficiency of the executive system improves with the years of musical training, even when controlling for age. We also found that the three attentional networks of the non-musicians were functionally independent. However, in the case of the musicians, the efficiency of the alerting and orienting systems was associated. These findings provide evidence of a potential transfer effect from systematic musical training into inhibitory attentional control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Medina
- Department of Music, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, UMCE, 7760197, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo Barraza
- Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación, CIAE, Universidad de Chile, 8330014, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou F, Huang M, Gu L, Hong S, Jiang J, Zeng X, Gong H. Regional cerebral hypoperfusion after acute sleep deprivation: A STROBE-compliant study of arterial spin labeling fMRI. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14008. [PMID: 30633191 PMCID: PMC6336630 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that functional changes occur after acute sleep deprivation, which suggest detrimental effects of a lack of sleep on the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. We aimed to identify regional resting perfusion changes in subjects with acute sleep deprivation.Thirty-three healthy subjects with habitual good sleep participated in 36 hours (2 days and 1 night) of sleep deprivation and then underwent the attention network test and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling scanning. Regional cerebral blood flow was used to compare cerebral perfusion before and after sleep deprivation. Correlation analyses of regional perfusion changes and scores on the attention network test were performed.Compared with the baseline (n = 20) scans, the scans of subjects after sleep deprivation (n = 26) revealed a slower response time (549.99 milliseconds vs 603.36 milliseconds; t = -2.301; P = .028) and a significantly higher lapse rate (0.88% vs 22.85%; t = -2.977; P = .006). The sleep deprivation subjects showed lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the left parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform cortex (pHipp/Fus), right pHipp/Fus, and right prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative to the baseline subjects (Gaussian random field correction, voxel level P < .01, and cluster level P < .05). Although no significant relationships were observed between the altered regional CBF (rCBF) values and the attention network test scores, the receiver-operating characteristic and leave-one-out cross-validation analyses revealed that significant decreases in rCBF in the bilateral pHipp/Fus and right PFC could discriminate between sleep deprivation and good sleep status.We observed that rCBF was reduced after 36 hours (2 days and 1 night) of sleep deprivation. Our preliminary findings suggest an acute vulnerability to hypoperfusion due to lack of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Muhua Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Lili Gu
- Department of Clinical Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shunda Hong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Xianjun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Neuroradiology Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hu CP, Jiang X, Jeffrey R, Zuo XN. Open science as a better gatekeeper for science and society: a perspective from neurolaw. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1529-1531. [PMID: 36751069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Peng Hu
- Deutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ) & Neuroimaging Center (NIC), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ricky Jeffrey
- Language Center, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cromarty RA, Schumacher J, Graziadio S, Gallagher P, Killen A, Firbank MJ, Blamire A, Kaiser M, Thomas AJ, O’Brien JT, Peraza LR, Taylor JP. Structural Brain Correlates of Attention Dysfunction in Lewy Body Dementias and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:347. [PMID: 30519184 PMCID: PMC6251343 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common forms of dementia that have different clinical profiles but are both commonly associated with attentional deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate efficiency of different attentional systems in LBD and AD and its association with brain structural abnormalities. We studied reaction time (RT) data from 45 LBD, 31 AD patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess the efficiency of three different attentional systems: alerting, orienting and executive conflict. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate relations between different attention components and cortical volume. Both dementia groups showed slower overall RTs than controls, with additional slowing in LBD relative to AD. There was a significant alerting effect in controls which was absent in the dementia groups, the executive conflict effect was greater in both dementia groups compared to controls, but the orienting effect did not differ between groups. Mean RT in AD was negatively correlated with occipital gray matter (GM) volume and in LBD orienting efficiency was negatively related to occipital white matter (WM) volume. Given that previous studies in less impaired patients suggest a maintenance of the alerting effect, the absent alerting effect in our study suggests a loss of alerting efficiency with dementia progression. While orienting was largely preserved, it might be related to occipital structural abnormalities in LBD. Executive function was markedly impaired in both dementia groups, however, the absence of relations to brain volume suggests that it might be more related to functional rather than macrostructural pathophysiological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Cromarty
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Graziadio
- NIHR In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Killen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luis R. Peraza
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kranz MB, Voss MW, Cooke GE, Banducci SE, Burzynska AZ, Kramer AF. The cortical structure of functional networks associated with age-related cognitive abilities in older adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204280. [PMID: 30240409 PMCID: PMC6150534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age and cortical structure are both associated with cognition, but characterizing this relationship remains a challenge. A popular approach is to use functional network organization of the cortex as an organizing principle for post-hoc interpretations of structural results. In the current study, we introduce two complimentary approaches to structural analyses that are guided by a-priori functional network maps. Specifically, we systematically investigated the relationship of cortical structure (thickness and surface area) of distinct functional networks to two cognitive domains sensitive to age-related decline thought to rely on both common and distinct processes (executive function and episodic memory) in older adults. We quantified the cortical structure of individual functional network's predictive ability and spatial extent (i.e., number of significant regions) with cognition and its mediating role in the age-cognition relationship. We found that cortical thickness, rather than surface area, predicted cognition across the majority of functional networks. The default mode and somatomotor network emerged as particularly important as they appeared to be the only two networks to mediate the age-cognition relationship for both cognitive domains. In contrast, thickness of the salience network predicted executive function and mediated the age-cognition relationship for executive function. These relationships remained significant even after accounting for global cortical thickness. Quantifying the number of regions related to cognition and mediating the age-cognition relationship yielded similar patterns of results. This study provides a potential approach to organize and describe the apparent widespread regional cortical structural relationships with cognition and age in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Kranz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michelle W. Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Gillian E. Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Banducci
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Z. Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/ Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dayan E, López-Alonso V, Liew SL, Cohen LG. Distributed cortical structural properties contribute to motor cortical excitability and inhibition. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3801-3812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
40
|
Hou D, Ma Y, Wang B, Hou X, Chen J, Hong Y, Xu S, Nie S, Liu X. Selective Impairment of Attentional Networks of Executive Control in Middle-Aged Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5355-5362. [PMID: 30067608 PMCID: PMC6085979 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on attention has been elusive. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was developed to evaluate the functioning of 3 individual attentional networks: orienting, alerting, and executive control. The purpose of this study was to use the ANT to assess attentional function and its sub-components in T2DM patients ages 40–60 years. Material/Methods Thirty T2DM patients and 30 healthy controls ages 40–60 years were recruited in this investigation. The ANT was used to statistically compare the efficiency among 3 sub-components of the attention networks between middle-aged T2DM patients (n=30) and gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (n=30). Results The ANT demonstrated a significant difference in executive control network between the T2DM patients and healthy controls (t=3.242, P=0.002), whereas no significant difference was observed regarding the domains of alerting (t=0.515, P=0.609) and orienting control (t=0.078, P=0.938) between the T2DM patient group and the healthy control group. Moreover, the mean reaction time in the ANT in the T2DM patients was significantly longer compared with that in the healthy controls (t=3.561, P=0.001). Conclusions The ANT reveals significant impairment in the executive control of middle-aged patients diagnosed with T2DM, whereas no significant impairment was observed in the domains of alerting and orienting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianlong Hou
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Huantai County, Huantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yingjuan Ma
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Baolan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Huantai County, Huantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xunyao Hou
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shanjing Nie
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Anti-Ageing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Anti-Aging Monitoring Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Del Maschio N, Sulpizio S, Fedeli D, Ramanujan K, Ding G, Weekes BS, Cachia A, Abutalebi J. ACC Sulcal Patterns and Their Modulation on Cognitive Control Efficiency Across Lifespan: A Neuroanatomical Study on Bilinguals and Monolinguals. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3091-3101. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key structure implicated in the regulation of cognitive control (CC). Previous studies suggest that variability in the ACC sulcal pattern—a neurodevelopmental marker unaffected by maturation or plasticity after birth—is associated with intersubject differences in CC performance. Here, we investigated whether bilingual experience modulates the effects of ACC sulcal variability on CC performance across the lifespan. Using structural MRI, we first established the distribution of the ACC sulcal patterns in a large sample of healthy individuals (N = 270) differing on gender and ethnicity. Second, a participants’ subsample (N = 157) was selected to test whether CC performance was differentially affected by ACC sulcation in bilinguals and monolinguals across age. A prevalent leftward asymmetry unaffected by gender or ethnicity was reported. Sulcal variability in the ACC predicted CC performance differently in bilinguals and monolinguals, with a reversed pattern of structure–function relationship: asymmetrical versus symmetrical ACC sulcal patterns were associated with a performance advantage in monolinguals and a performance detriment to bilinguals and vice versa. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights on the dynamic interplay between early neurodevelopment, environmental background and cognitive efficiency across age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Fedeli
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Keerthi Ramanujan
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Brendan S Weekes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders, Ste Anne Hospital, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vartanian O, Wertz CJ, Flores RA, Beatty EL, Smith I, Blackler K, Lam Q, Jung RE. Structural correlates of Openness and Intellect: Implications for the contribution of personality to creativity. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2987-2996. [PMID: 29656437 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Openness/Intellect (i.e., openness to experience) is the Big Five personality factor most consistently associated with individual differences in creativity. Recent psychometric evidence has demonstrated that this factor consists of two distinct aspects-Intellect and Openness. Whereas Intellect reflects perceived intelligence and intellectual engagement, Openness reflects engagement with fantasy, perception, and aesthetics. We investigated the extent to which Openness and Intellect are associated with variations in brain structure as measured by cortical thickness, area, and volume (N = 185). Our results demonstrated that Openness was correlated inversely with cortical thickness and volume in left middle frontal gyrus (BA 6), middle temporal gyrus (MTG, BA 21), and superior temporal gyrus (BA 41), and exclusively with cortical thickness in left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 45), and MTG (BA 37). When age and sex were statistically controlled for, the inverse correlations between Openness and cortical thickness remained statistically significant for all regions except left MTG, whereas the correlations involving cortical volume remained statistically significant only for left middle frontal gyrus. There was no statistically significant correlation between Openness and cortical area, and no statistically significant correlation between Intellect and cortical thickness, area, or volume. Our results demonstrate that individual differences in Openness are correlated with variation in brain structure-particularly as indexed by cortical thickness. Given the involvement of the above regions in processes related to memory and cognitive control, we discuss the implications of our findings for the possible contribution of personality to creative cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Vartanian
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ranee A Flores
- University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Erin L Beatty
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Smith
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Blackler
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quan Lam
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rex E Jung
- University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lewis GJ, Dickie DA, Cox SR, Karama S, Evans AC, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Widespread associations between trait conscientiousness and thickness of brain cortical regions. Neuroimage 2018; 176:22-28. [PMID: 29665419 PMCID: PMC5986708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of human personality have been of longstanding interest; however, most studies in the field have relied on modest sample sizes and few replicable results have been reported to date. We investigated relationships between personality and brain gray matter in a sample of generally healthy, older (mean age 73 years) adults from Scotland drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Participants (N = 578) completed a brain MRI scan and self-reported Big Five personality trait measures. Conscientiousness trait scores were positively related to brain cortical thickness in a range of regions, including bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These associations - most notably in frontal regions - were modestly-to-moderately attenuated by the inclusion of biomarker variables assessing allostatic load and smoking status. None of the other personality traits showed robust associations with brain cortical thickness, nor did we observe any personality trait associations with cortical surface area and gray matter volume. These findings indicate that brain cortical thickness is associated with conscientiousness, perhaps partly accounted for by allostatic load and smoking status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lefort‐Besnard J, Bassett DS, Smallwood J, Margulies DS, Derntl B, Gruber O, Aleman A, Jardri R, Varoquaux G, Thirion B, Eickhoff SB, Bzdok D. Different shades of default mode disturbance in schizophrenia: Subnodal covariance estimation in structure and function. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:644-661. [PMID: 29105239 PMCID: PMC5764781 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with an apparent disruption in the highly associative default mode network (DMN). Interplay between this canonical network and others probably contributes to goal-directed behavior so its disturbance is a candidate neural fingerprint underlying schizophrenia psychopathology. Previous research has reported both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity within the DMN, and both increased and decreased DMN coupling with the multimodal saliency network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). This study systematically revisited network disruption in patients with schizophrenia using data-derived network atlases and multivariate pattern-learning algorithms in a multisite dataset (n = 325). Resting-state fluctuations in unconstrained brain states were used to estimate functional connectivity, and local volume differences between individuals were used to estimate structural co-occurrence within and between the DMN, SN, and DAN. In brain structure and function, sparse inverse covariance estimates of network coupling were used to characterize healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, and to identify statistically significant group differences. Evidence did not confirm that the backbone of the DMN was the primary driver of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Instead, functional and structural aberrations were frequently located outside of the DMN core, such as in the anterior temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Additionally, functional covariation analyses highlighted dysfunctional DMN-DAN coupling, while structural covariation results highlighted aberrant DMN-SN coupling. Our findings reframe the role of the DMN core and its relation to canonical networks in schizophrenia. We thus underline the importance of large-scale neural interactions as effective biomarkers and indicators of how to tailor psychiatric care to single patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lefort‐Besnard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104USA
| | | | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) — Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenGermany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andre Aleman
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of Lille, CNRS UMR9193, SCALab & CHU Lille, Fontan Hospital, CURE platformLille59000France
| | | | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐7), Research Centre Jülich52425Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) — Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
- Parietal Team, INRIA/Neurospin SaclayFrance
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Hou Y, Ren Y, Tian X, Song Y. Alterations of theta oscillation in executive control in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Epilepsy Res 2018; 140:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Westwater ML, Seidlitz J, Diederen KMJ, Fischer S, Thompson JC. Associations between cortical thickness, structural connectivity and severity of dimensional bulimia nervosa symptomatology. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 271:118-125. [PMID: 29150136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a psychiatric illness defined by preoccupation with body image (cognitive 'symptoms'), binge eating and compensatory behaviors. Although diagnosed BN has been related to grey matter alterations, characterization of brain structure in women with a range of BN symptoms has not been made. This study examined whether cortical thickness (CT) values scaled with severity of BN cognitions in 33 women with variable BN pathology. We then assessed global structural connectivity (SC) of CT to determine if individual differences in global SC relate to BN symptom severity. We used the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) as a continuous measure of BN symptom severity. EDE-Q score was negatively related to global CT and local CT in the left middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and temporoparietal regions. Moreover, cortical thinning was most pronounced in regions with high global connectivity. Finally, individual contributions to global SC at the group level related to EDE-Q score, where increased EDE-Q score correlated with reduced connectivity of the left OFC and middle temporal cortex and increased connectivity of the right superior parietal lobule. Findings represent the first evidence of cortical thinning that relates to cognitive BN symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Kelly M J Diederen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - James C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bajaj S, Dailey NS, Rosso IM, Rauch SL, Killgore WDS. Time-dependent differences in cortical measures and their associations with behavioral measures following mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1886-1897. [PMID: 29359498 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a critical need to establish an improved understanding of time-dependent differences in brain structure following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We compared differences in brain structure, specifically cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and cortical surface area (CSA) in 54 individuals who sustained a recent mTBI and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Individuals with mTBI were split into three groups, depending on their time since injury. By comparing structural measures between mTBI and HC groups, differences in CT reflected cortical thickening within several areas following 0-3 (time-point, TP1) and 3-6 months (TP2) post-mTBI. Compared with the HC group, the mTBI group at TP2 showed lower CSA within several areas. Compared with the mTBI group at TP2, the mTBI group during the most chronic stage (TP3: 6-18 months post-mTBI) showed significantly higher CSA in several areas. All the above reported differences in CT and CSA were significant at a cluster-forming p < .01 (corrected for multiple comparisons). We also found that in the mTBI group at TP2, CT within two clusters (i.e., the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (L. RMFG) and the right postcentral gyrus (R. PostCG)) was negatively correlated with basic attention abilities (L. RMFG: r = -.41, p = .05 and R. PostCG: r = -.44, p = .03). Our findings suggest that alterations in CT and associated neuropsychological assessments may be more prominent during the early stages of mTBI. However, alterations in CSA may reflect compensatory structural recovery during the chronic stages of mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Natalie S Dailey
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Rauch
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cachia A, Del Maschio N, Borst G, Della Rosa PA, Pallier C, Costa A, Houdé O, Abutalebi J. Anterior cingulate cortex sulcation and its differential effects on conflict monitoring in bilinguals and monolinguals. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 175:57-63. [PMID: 29017088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in modulating the effect of bilingual experience on cognitive control has been reported at both functional and structural neural levels. Individual differences in the ACC sulcal patterns have been recently correlated with cognitive control efficiency in monolinguals. We aimed to investigate whether differences of ACC sulcation mediate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control efficiency. We contrasted the performance of bilinguals and monolinguals during a cognitive control task (i.e., the Flanker Task) using a stratification based on the participants' ACC sulcal features. We found that performance of the two groups was differentially affected by ACC sulcation. Our findings provide the first evidence that early neurodevelopmental mechanisms may modulate the effect of different environmental backgrounds - here, bilingual vs monolingual experience - on cognitive efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gregoire Borst
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Pallier
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DSV/I2BM, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Albert Costa
- Universitat de Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona & ICREA, Spain
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rosenberg MD, Hsu WT, Scheinost D, Todd Constable R, Chun MM. Connectome-based Models Predict Separable Components of Attention in Novel Individuals. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 30:160-173. [PMID: 29040013 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although we typically talk about attention as a single process, it comprises multiple independent components. But what are these components, and how are they represented in the functional organization of the brain? To investigate whether long-studied components of attention are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional organization, here we apply connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to predict the components of Posner and Petersen's influential model of attention: alerting (preparing and maintaining alertness and vigilance), orienting (directing attention to a stimulus), and executive control (detecting and resolving cognitive conflict) [Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42, 1990]. Participants performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), which measures these three factors, and rested during fMRI scanning. CPMs tested with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation successfully predicted novel individual's overall ANT accuracy, RT variability, and executive control scores from functional connectivity observed during ANT performance. CPMs also generalized to predict participants' alerting scores from their resting-state functional connectivity alone, demonstrating that connectivity patterns observed in the absence of an explicit task contain a signature of the ability to prepare for an upcoming stimulus. Suggesting that significant variance in ANT performance is also explained by an overall sustained attention factor, the sustained attention CPM, a model defined in prior work to predict sustained attentional abilities, predicted accuracy, RT variability, and executive control from task-based data and predicted RT variability from resting-state data. Our results suggest that, whereas executive control may be closely related to sustained attention, the infrastructure that supports alerting is distinct and can be measured at rest. In the future, CPM may be applied to elucidate additional independent components of attention and relationships between the functional brain networks that predict them.
Collapse
|
50
|
Prefrontal lobe structural integrity and trail making test, part B: converging findings from surface-based cortical thickness and voxel-based lesion symptom analyses. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:675-85. [PMID: 26399235 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-based cortical thickness (CT) analyses are increasingly being used to investigate variations in brain morphology across the spectrum of brain health, from neurotypical to neuropathological. An outstanding question is whether individual differences in cortical morphology, such as regionally increased or decreased CT, are associated with domain-specific performance deficits in healthy adults. Since CT studies are correlational, they cannot establish causality between brain morphology and cognitive performance. A direct comparison with classic lesion methods is needed to determine whether the regional specificity of CT-cognition correlations is similar to that observed in patients with brain lesions. We address this question by comparing the neuroanatomical overlap of effects when 1) whole brain vertex-wise CT is tested as a correlate of performance variability on a commonly used neuropsychological test of executive function, Trailmaking Test Part B (TMT-B), in healthy adults and 2) voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VBLSM) is used to map lesion location to performance decrements on the same task in patients with frontal lobe lesions. We found that reduced performance on the TMT-B was associated with increased CT in bilateral prefrontal regions in healthy adults and that results spatially overlapped in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex with findings from the VBLSM analysis in patients with frontal brain lesions. Findings indicate that variations in the structural integrity of the left dorsomedial prefrontal lobe, ranging from individual CT differences in healthy adults to structural lesions in patients with neurological disorders, are associated with poor performance on the TMT-B. These converging results suggest that the left dorsomedial prefrontal region houses a critical region for the complex processing demands of TMT-B, which include visuomotor tracking, sequencing, and cognitive flexibility.
Collapse
|