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Zhang J, Li H, Qu J, Liu X, Feng X, Fu X, Mei L. Language proficiency is associated with neural representational dimensionality of semantic concepts. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 258:105485. [PMID: 39388908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that semantic concepts are characterized by high-dimensional neural representations and that language proficiency affects semantic processing. However, it is not clear whether language proficiency modulates the dimensional representations of semantic concepts at the neural level. To address this question, the present study adopted principal component analysis (PCA) and representational similarity analysis (RSA) to examine the differences in representational dimensionalities (RDs) and in semantic representations between words in highly proficient (Chinese) and less proficient (English) language. PCA results revealed that language proficiency increased the dimensions of lexical representations in the left inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. RSA results further showed that these regions represented semantic information and that higher semantic representations were observed in highly proficient language relative to less proficient language. These results suggest that language proficiency is associated with the neural representational dimensionality of semantic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Zhang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoxue Feng
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Zhong X, Xu L, Wang L, Chen J, Gong X, Lian J, Gong J, Shao Y. Caffeine and modafinil modulate the effects of sleep deprivation on thalamic resting-state functional connectivity: A double-blind pilot study. Sleep Med 2024; 122:71-83. [PMID: 39137663 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that the use of clinically approved caffeine and modafinil can alleviate cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation (SD) to some extent. However, the neural mechanisms by which these two cognitive enhancers work to counteract the effects of SD on cognitive impairment remain unclear. METHODS A double-blind within-subjects experiment using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was designed. Participants underwent three 36-h SD trials, each of which involved taking 200 mg of caffeine, modafinil, or placebo at the 28th and 32 nd h of SD. Sixteen subregions of the thalamus were selected as the regions of interest and changes in functional connectivity (FC) between the thalamus and the other brain regions were explored after the participants took caffeine or modafinil. RESULTS The subjective sleepiness of the participants increased with the duration of SD. compared with placebo, modafinil and caffeine had insignificant effects on wakefulness or sleepiness. However, in terms of neural FC, we found varying degrees of attenuation or enhancement of the FC between the thalamus and other regions. Taking caffeine during SD weakened the FC between the right rostral temporal thalamus (rTtha) subregion and the left lingual gyrus compared with placebo. Caffeine enhanced the FC between three subregions of the thalamus, namely the left sensory thalamus, the left rTtha, and the right lateral pre-frontal thalamus, and the right inferior temporal, left orbitofrontal, and right superior occipital gyris. Modafinil weakened the FC between the right posterior parietal thalamus and left middle temporal gyrus, and enhanced the FC between the left medial pre-frontal thalamus, left rTtha, and right occipital thalamus and left middle frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS After 36 h of total SD, modafinil and caffeine administration enhanced or attenuated the time-domain correlations between various subregions of the thalamus and brain regions of the frontal and temporal lobes in healthy adults, compared with placebo. These results provide valuable evidence for further unraveling the neuropharmacological mechanisms of caffeine and modafinil, as well as important insights for exploring effective pharmacological intervention strategies against SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Letong Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Gong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lian
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Psychology, Second Medical Center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, China.
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Cai C, Zhang L, Guo Z, Fang X, Quan Z. Effects of color-flavor association on visual search process for reference pictures on beverage packaging: behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal mechanisms. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1433277. [PMID: 39315035 PMCID: PMC11417035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1433277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The visual search for product packaging involves intricate cognitive processes that are prominently impacted by learned associations derived from extensive long-term experiences. The present research employed EEG technology and manipulated the color display of reference pictures on beverage bottles to explore the underlying neurocognitive pathways. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the influence of color-flavor association strength on the visual processing of such stimuli as well as the in-depth neural mechanisms. The behavioral results revealed that stimuli with strong association strength triggered the fastest response and the highest accuracy, compared with the stimuli with weak association strength and the achromatic ones. The EEG findings further substantiated that the chromatic stimuli evoked a more pronounced N2 component than achromatic ones, and the stimuli with strong association strength elicited larger P3 and smaller N400 amplitudes than the ones with weak association strength. Additionally, the source localization using sLORETA showed significant activations in the inferior temporal gyrus. In conclusion, our research suggests that (1) color expectations would guide visual search process and trigger faster responses to congruent visual stimuli, (2) both the initial perceptual representation and subsequent semantic representation play pivotal roles in effective visual search for the targets, and (3) the color-flavor association strength potentially exerts an impact on visual processing by modulating memory accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zihan Quan
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Sun F, Kong Z, Tang Y, Yang J, Huang G, Liu Y, Jiang W, Yang M, Jia X. Functional Connectivity Differences in the Resting-state of the Amygdala in Alcohol-dependent Patients with Depression. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00279-4. [PMID: 38755068 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The mechanism of comorbidity between alcohol dependence and depressive disorders are not well understood. This study investigated differences in the brain function of alcohol-dependent patients with and without depression by performing functional connectivity analysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 alcohol-dependent patients with depression, 31 alcohol-dependent patients without depression and 31 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and the whole brain was compared among the three groups. Additionally, we examined the correlation between functional connectivity values in significantly different brain regions and levels of alcohol dependence and depression. RESULTS The resting-state functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the right caudate nucleus was decreased in alcohol-dependent patients. Additionally, the resting-state functional connectivity of the right amygdala with the right caudate nucleus, right transverse temporal gyrus, right temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus were also decreased. In alcohol-dependent patients with depression, not only was functional connectivity between the above brain regions significantly decreased, but so was functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the left middle temporal gyrus. Also, there was no significant correlation between the resting-state functional connectivity values in statistically significant brain regions and the levels of alcohol dependence and depression. CONCLUSION The impairment of the functional connectivity of the amygdala with caudate nucleus and partial temporal lobe may be involved in the neural mechanism of alcohol dependence comorbidity depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Sun
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Zhi Kong
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Gengdi Huang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xiaojian Jia
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Clinical College of Mental Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Alonso MA, Díez E, Díez-Álamo AM, Fernandez A, Gómez-Ariza CJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the left posterior temporal lobe modulates semantic control: Evidence from episodic memory distortions. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106130. [PMID: 38219414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Evidence accumulates to show that semantic cognition requires, in addition to semantic representations, control processes that regulate the accessibility and use of semantic knowledge in a task- and time-appropriate fashion. Semantic control has been recently proposed to rely on a distributed network that includes the posterior temporal cortex. Along these lines, recent meta-analyses of neuroimaging data and studies with patients suffering from semantic aphasia have suggested that the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) is critically involved whenever situational context must constrain semantic retrieval. In the present experiment, we used transcranial direct current stimulation over the left posterior temporal lobe in an attempt to interfere with semantic control while participants performed a DRM task, a procedure for inducing conceptually-based false recognition that is contingent on both activation and control processes. Paralleling findings with patients suffering from brain damage restricted to the temporoparietal cortex, anodal stimulation (relative to sham stimulation) resulted in increased false recognition but intact true recognition. These findings fit well with the idea that the left pMTG is a key component of a semantic control network, the alteration of which results in memory performance that is affected by the intrusion of contextually-inappropriate semantic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Alonso
- Institute on Neuroscience (IUNE), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute on Community Integration (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Díez
- Institute on Neuroscience (IUNE), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute on Community Integration (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio M Díez-Álamo
- Institute on Community Integration (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Angel Fernandez
- Institute on Neuroscience (IUNE), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute on Community Integration (INICO), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Fan C, Xu D, Mei H, Zhong X, Ren J, Ma J, Ruan Z, Lv J, Liu X, Wang H, Gao L, Xu H. Hemispheric coupling between structural and functional asymmetries in clinically asymptomatic carotid stenosis with cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:192-206. [PMID: 37985612 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Advanced carotid stenosis is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke and vascular dementia, and it is associated with multidomain cognitive impairment as well as asymmetric alterations in hemispheric structure and function. Here we introduced a novel measure-the asymmetry index of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF_AI)-derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This measure captures the hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic brain activity using high-dimensional registration. We aimed to investigate functional brain asymmetric alterations in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis (SACS). Furthermore, we extended the analyses of ALFF_AI to different frequencies to detect frequency-specific alterations. Finally, we examined the coupling between hemispheric asymmetric structure and function and the relationship between these results and cognitive tests, as well as the white matter hyperintensity burden. SACS patients presented significantly decreased ALFF_AI in several clusters, including the visual, auditory, parahippocampal, Rolandic, and superior parietal regions. At low frequencies (0.01-0.25 Hz), the ALFF_AI exhibited prominent group differences as frequency increased. Further structure-function coupling analysis indicated that SACS patients had lower coupling in the lateral prefrontal, superior medial frontal, middle temporal, superior parietal, and striatum regions but higher coupling in the lateral occipital regions. These findings suggest that, under potential hemodynamic burden, SACS patients demonstrate asymmetric hemispheric configurations of intrinsic activity patterns and a decoupling between structural and functional asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- The Interventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinxia Ren
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Lv
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Bieth T, Ovando‐Tellez M, Lopez‐Persem A, Garcin B, Hugueville L, Lehongre K, Levy R, George N, Volle E. Time course of EEG power during creative problem-solving with insight or remote thinking. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26547. [PMID: 38060194 PMCID: PMC10789201 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem-solving often requires creativity and is critical in everyday life. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying creative problem-solving remain poorly understood. Two mechanisms have been highlighted: the formation of new connections among problem elements and insight solving, characterized by sudden realization of a solution. In this study, we investigated EEG activity during a modified version of the remote associates test, a classical insight problem task that requires finding a word connecting three unrelated words. This allowed us to explore the brain correlates associated with the semantic remoteness of connections (by varying the remoteness of the solution word across trials) and with insight solving (identified as a Eurêka moment reported by the participants). Semantic remoteness was associated with power increase in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) in a left parieto-temporal cluster, the beta band (13-30 Hz) in a right fronto-temporal cluster in the early phase of the task, and the theta band (3-7 Hz) in a bilateral frontal cluster just prior to participants' responses. Insight solving was associated with power increase preceding participants' responses in the alpha and gamma (31-60 Hz) bands in a left temporal cluster and the theta band in a frontal cluster. Source reconstructions revealed the brain regions associated with these clusters. Overall, our findings shed new light on some of the mechanisms involved in creative problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Bieth
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP‐HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU NeuroscienceParisFrance
| | - Marcela Ovando‐Tellez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Alizée Lopez‐Persem
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Béatrice Garcin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Department of NeurologyAvicenne Hospital, AP‐HPBobignyFrance
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Institut du Cerveau—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Centre MEG‐EEG, CENIRParisFrance
| | - Katia Lehongre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Richard Levy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP‐HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU NeuroscienceParisFrance
| | - Nathalie George
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Institut du Cerveau—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Centre MEG‐EEG, CENIRParisFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParisFrance
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Ohshima S, Koeda M, Kawai W, Saito H, Niioka K, Okuno K, Naganawa S, Hama T, Kyutoku Y, Dan I. Cerebral response to emotional working memory based on vocal cues: an fNIRS study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1160392. [PMID: 38222093 PMCID: PMC10785654 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1160392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Humans mainly utilize visual and auditory information as a cue to infer others' emotions. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown the neural basis of memory processing based on facial expression, but few studies have examined it based on vocal cues. Thus, we aimed to investigate brain regions associated with emotional judgment based on vocal cues using an N-back task paradigm. Methods Thirty participants performed N-back tasks requiring them to judge emotion or gender from voices that contained both emotion and gender information. During these tasks, cerebral hemodynamic response was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results The results revealed that during the Emotion 2-back task there was significant activation in the frontal area, including the right precentral and inferior frontal gyri, possibly reflecting the function of an attentional network with auditory top-down processing. In addition, there was significant activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which is known to be a major part of the working memory center. Discussion These results suggest that, compared to judging the gender of voice stimuli, when judging emotional information, attention is directed more deeply and demands for higher-order cognition, including working memory, are greater. We have revealed for the first time the specific neural basis for emotional judgments based on vocal cues compared to that for gender judgments based on vocal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ohshima
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Mental Health, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tama, Japan
| | - Wakana Kawai
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Niioka
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Koki Okuno
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Sho Naganawa
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hama
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Iyo-gun, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kyutoku
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo, Japan
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Branzi FM, Lambon Ralph MA. Semantic-specific and domain-general mechanisms for integration and update of contextual information. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5547-5566. [PMID: 37787648 PMCID: PMC10619409 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the importance of domain-general processes and brain regions for language and semantic cognition. Yet, this has been mainly observed in executively demanding tasks, leaving open the question of the contribution of domain-general processes to natural language and semantic cognition. Using fMRI, we investigated whether neural processes reflecting context integration and context update-two key aspects of naturalistic language and semantic processing-are domain-specific versus domain-general. Thus, we compared neural responses during the integration of contextual information across semantic and non-semantic tasks. Whole-brain results revealed both shared (left posterior-dorsal inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and left dorsal angular gyrus/intraparietal sulcus) and distinct (left anterior-ventral inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior ventral angular gyrus, left posterior middle temporal gyrus for semantic control only) regions involved in context integration and update. Furthermore, data-driven functional connectivity analysis clustered domain-specific versus domain-general brain regions into distinct but interacting functional neural networks. These results provide a first characterisation of the neural processes required for context-dependent integration during language processing along the domain-specificity dimension, and at the same time, they bring new insights into the role of left posterior lateral temporal cortex and left angular gyrus for semantic cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M. Branzi
- Department of Psychological SciencesInstitute of Population Health, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences UnitThe University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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10
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Desai RH, Hackett CT, Johari K, Lai VT, Riccardi N. Spatiotemporal characteristics of the neural representation of event concepts. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 246:105328. [PMID: 37847931 PMCID: PMC10873121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Events are a fundamentally important part of our understanding of the world. How lexical concepts denoting events are represented in the brain remains controversial. We conducted two experiments using event and object nouns matched on a range of psycholinguistic variables, including concreteness, to examine spatial and temporal characteristics of event concepts. Both experiments used magnitude and valence tasks on event and object nouns. The fMRI experiment revealed a distributed set of regions for events, including the angular gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate across tasks. In the EEG experiment, events and objects differed in amplitude within the 300-500 ms window. Together these results shed light into the spatiotemporal characteristics of event concept representation and show that event concepts are represented in the putative hubs of the semantic system. While these hubs are typically associated with object semantics, they also represent events, and have a likely role in temporal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | | | - Karim Johari
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Louisiana State University, United States
| | - Vicky T Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Nicholas Riccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States
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11
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Romeo Z, Marino M, Mantini D, Angrilli A, Spironelli C. Language Network Connectivity of Euthymic Bipolar Patients Is Altered at Rest and during a Verbal Fluency Task. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1647. [PMID: 37371743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the Language Network (LN) have been found in different psychiatric conditions (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder), supporting the hypothesis that language plays a central role in a high-level integration/connectivity of second-level cognitive processes and the underlying cortical regions. This view implies a continuum of shared neural alterations along the psychotic disorder spectrum. In particular, bipolar disorder (BD) patients were recently documented to have an altered LN asymmetry during resting state. The extent to which the LN architecture is altered and stable also during a language task has yet to be investigated. To address this question, we analyzed fMRI data recorded during an open-eyes resting state session and a silent verbal fluency task in 16 euthymic BD patients and 16 matched healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity in the LN of both groups was computed using spatial independent component analysis, and group comparisons were carried out to assess the network organization during both rest and active linguistic task conditions. The LN of BD patients involved left and right brain areas during both resting state and linguistic task. Compared to the left-lateralized network found in HC, the BD group was characterized by two anterior clusters (in left frontal and right temporo-insular regions) and the disengagement of the posterior language areas, especially during the verbal fluency task. Our findings support the hypothesis that reduced language lateralization may represent a biological marker across different psychotic disorders and that the altered language network connectivity found at rest in bipolar patients is stable and pervasive as it is also impaired during a verbal fluency task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Romeo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Angrilli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Spironelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Qin X, Huang H, Liu Y, Zheng F, Zhou Y, Wang H. Increased Functional Connectivity Involving the Parahippocampal Gyrus in Patients with Schizophrenia during Theory of Mind Processing: A Psychophysiological Interaction Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040692. [PMID: 37190657 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory of Mind (ToM) is an ability to infer the mental state of others, which plays an important role during social events. Previous studies have shown that ToM deficits exist frequently in schizophrenia, which may result from abnormal activity in brain regions related to sociality. However, the interactions between brain regions during ToM processing in schizophrenia are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated functional connectivity during ToM processing in patients with schizophrenia, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS A total of 36 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls were recruited to complete a ToM task from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) during fMRI scanning. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was applied to explore functional connectivity. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia were less accurate than healthy controls in judging social stimuli from non-social stimuli (Z = 2.31, p = 0.021), and displayed increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and increased functional connectivity between the bilateral middle temporal gyrus and the ipsilateral parahippocampal gyrus during ToM processing (AlphaSim corrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Here, we showed that the brain regions related to sociality interact more with the parahippocampal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia during ToM processing, which may reflect a possible compensatory pathway of ToM deficits in schizophrenia. Our study provides a new idea for ToM deficits in schizophrenia, which could be helpful to better understand social cognition of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucong Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430060, China
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13
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Kang L, Wang W, Zhang N, Yao L, Tu N, Feng H, Zong X, Bai H, Li R, Wang G, Bu L, Wang F, Liu Z. Anhedonia and dysregulation of an angular gyrus-centred and dynamic functional network in adolescent-onset depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:82-91. [PMID: 36581179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is an important aspect of adolescent-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors and poor treatment outcomes. However, the neural circuitry underlying this deficit has not been well defined. This study aims to identify the relationships between anhedonia and changes in static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in adolescent-onset MDD patients compared with healthy control subjects (HCs) and adult-onset MDD patients. METHODS A total of 157 participants completed the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) to assess hedonic capacity. Resting-state functional imaging scans were analysed using graph theoretical analysis, network-based statistics (NBS) and sliding window correlation analysis to explore the potential patterns of neural network brain disruptions in adolescent-onset MDD. Pearson correlations and support vector machines regression (SVR) were used to explore correlations and predict network measures with SHAPS scores. RESULTS Compared with those with adult-onset MDD, adolescent-onset MDD patients showed decreased FC in 7 nodes and 6 connections, with the right angular gyrus (AG), left AG and left paracentral lobule having the largest number of connected edges (P = 0.0396, NBS-corrected). Their average FC and SHAPS scores were positively correlated (r = 0.309, P = 0.035). Regarding dynamic FC, compared with HCs, adolescent-onset MDD patients showed a tendency towards a decreased frequency in moderate-intensity brain FC states (P = 0.014), which was significantly and positively correlated with SHAPS scores (r = 0.425, P = 0.003). SVR also revealed AG-centred FC and dynamic FC could predict SHAPS scores (MSE = 27.233, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide distinct evidence on the physiological mechanisms of adolescent-onset MDD and anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Tu
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Altered cortical gyrification, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension in the autism spectrum disorder comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than the autism spectrum disorder. Neuroreport 2023; 34:93-101. [PMID: 36608165 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently occurs accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which catches increasing attention. The comorbid diagnosis of ASD with ADHD (ASD + ADHD) is permitted in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). However, compared to autism spectrum disorder without other symptoms (ASD-only), the special neural underpinnings in ASD+ADHD remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the differences in cortical complexity between ASD + ADHD and ASD-only patients. A total of 114 ASD participants (i.e. containing 40 ASD + ADHD and 74 ASD-only participants) with T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II. Afterward, a surface-based morphometry method was carried out to compare the cortical complexity (i.e. gyrification index, fractal dimension, and sulcal depth) between the ASD + ADHD and ASD-only cohorts. Results showed the increased fractal dimension in the right fusiform gyrus of the ASD + ADHD cohort in comparison to the ASD-only cohort. Moreover, the ASD + ADHD cohort exhibited increased sulcal depth in the left middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus compared to the ASD-only cohort. Last but not least, the increased gyrification index in the insula/postcentral gyrus was observed in the ASD + ADHD cohort in comparison to the ASD-only cohort. Overall, the present study contributes to the delineation of particular structural abnormalities in ASD + ADHD than ASD-only, enriching the evidence of the combined phenotype of ASD + ADHD.
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15
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Zhang D, Liu S, Huang Y, Gao J, Liu W, Liu W, Ai K, Lei X, Zhang X. Altered Functional Connectivity Density in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010144. [PMID: 36672125 PMCID: PMC9856282 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although disturbed functional connectivity is known to be a factor influencing cognitive impairment, the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. To characterize the neural mechanisms underlying T2DM-related brain damage, we explored the altered functional architecture patterns in different cognitive states in T2DM patients. Thirty-seven T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (DMCN), 40 T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (DMCI), and 40 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessments and resting-state functional MRI examinations. Functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis was performed, and the relationship between abnormal FCD and clinical/cognitive variables was assessed. The regions showing abnormal FCD in T2DM patients were mainly located in the temporal lobe and cerebellum, but the abnormal functional architecture was more extensive in DMCI patients. Moreover, in comparison with the DMCN group, DMCI patients showed reduced long-range FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), which was correlated with the Rey auditory verbal learning test score in all T2DM patients. Thus, DMCI patients show functional architecture abnormalities in more brain regions involved in higher-level cognitive function (executive function and auditory memory function), and the left STG may be involved in the neuropathology of auditory memory in T2DM patients. These findings provide some new insights into understanding the neural mechanisms underlying T2DM-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Weirui Liu
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Kai Ai
- Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lei
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13087581380
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16
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Wu S, Wen Z, Yang W, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Zhou A, Liu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang H, Lin F. Potential dynamic regional brain biomarkers for early discrimination of autism and language development delay in toddlers. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1097244. [PMID: 36699523 PMCID: PMC9869111 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1097244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of autism in children is particularly important. However, there is no obvious objective indices for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in toddlers aged 1-3 years with language development delay (LDD). The early differential diagnosis of ASD is challenging. Objective To examine differences in the dynamic characteristics of regional neural activity in toddlers with ASD and LDD, and whether the differences can be used as an imaging biomarker for the early differential diagnosis of ASD and LDD. Methods Dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) in 55 children with ASD and 31 with LDD, aged 1-3 years, were compared. The correlations between ASD symptoms and the values of dReHo/dALFF within regions showing significant between-group differences were analyzed in ASD group. We further assessed the accuracy of dynamic regional neural activity alterations to distinguish ASD from LDD using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Compared with the LDD group, the ASD group showed increased dReHo in the left cerebellum_8/Crust2 and right cerebellum_Crust2, and decreased dReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and post-central gyrus. Patients with ASD also exhibited decreased dALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (MFG) and right precuneus. Moreover, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale score was negatively correlated with the dReHo of the left cerebellum_8/crust2 and right cerebellum_crust2. The dReHo value of the right MFG was negatively correlated with social self-help of the Autism Behavior Checklist score. Conclusion The pattern of resting-state regional neural activity variability was different between toddlers with ASD and those with LDD. Dynamic regional indices might be novel neuroimaging biomarkers that allow differentiation of ASD from LDD in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqin Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinglian Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Hong Wang,
| | - Fuchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,Fuchun Lin,
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17
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Xu X, Yu H, Gao X, Shen B, Feng W, Zhou X. Understanding an implicated causality: The brain network for processing concessive relations. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 234:105177. [PMID: 36084367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concessive relations, often indicated by conjunction words such as although, are semantically and pragmatically more complex than causal relations (expressed using because), as they involve more semantic features such as implicated meaning and negation. However, it remains unclear how linguistic-level complexity is manifested through different brain activities and functional connectivities. This fMRI study investigated how the neural underpinnings of concessive relations differ from those of causal relations. Pragmatically congruent and incongruent words were embedded in causal as well as concessive sentences. The whole-brain analysis revealed that relative to because-congruent sentences, although-congruent sentences evoked increased activations in a left network including IFG, bilateral MFG, mPFC, pMTG, and TPJ. DCM analysis showed that while the functional connectivity from IFG to MFG was commonly involved in processing concessive and causal relations, functional connectivities from pMTG to IFG and from pMTG to TPJ were involved in processing causal and concessive relations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wangshu Feng
- Artificial Intelligence and Human Languages Lab, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Linguistics, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China.
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18
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Krieger-Redwood K, Steward A, Gao Z, Wang X, Halai A, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Creativity in verbal associations is linked to semantic control. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5135-5147. [PMID: 36222614 PMCID: PMC10152057 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although memory is known to play a key role in creativity, previous studies have not isolated the critical component processes and networks. We asked participants to generate links between words that ranged from strongly related to completely unrelated in long-term memory, delineating the neurocognitive processes that underpin more unusual versus stereotypical patterns of retrieval. More creative responses to strongly associated word-pairs were associated with greater engagement of episodic memory: in highly familiar situations, semantic, and episodic stores converge on the same information enabling participants to form a personal link between items. This pattern of retrieval was associated with greater engagement of core default mode network (DMN). In contrast, more creative responses to weakly associated word-pairs were associated with the controlled retrieval of less dominant semantic information and greater recruitment of the semantic control network, which overlaps with the dorsomedial subsystem of DMN. Although both controlled semantic and episodic patterns of retrieval are associated with activation within DMN, these processes show little overlap in activation. These findings demonstrate that controlled aspects of semantic cognition play an important role in verbal creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Krieger-Redwood
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Steward
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhiyao Gao
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ajay Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch Street, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology, York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Altered language network lateralization in euthymic bipolar patients: a pilot study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:435. [PMID: 36202786 PMCID: PMC9537562 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar patients (BD) in the euthymic phase show almost no symptoms, nevertheless possibility of relapse is still present. We expected to find a psychobiological trace of their vulnerability by analyzing a specific network-the Language Network (LN)-connecting many high-level processes and brain regions measured at rest. According to Crow's hypothesis on the key role of language in the origin of psychoses, we expected an altered asymmetry of the LN in euthymic BDs. Eighteen euthymic BD patients (10 females; age = 54.50 ± 11.38 years) and 16 healthy controls (HC) (8 females; age = 51.16 ± 11.44 years) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan at rest. The LN was extracted through independent component analysis. Then, LN time series was used to compute the fractional amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) index, which was then correlated with clinical scales. Compared with HC, euthymic patients showed an altered LN with greater activation of Broca's area right homologous and anterior insula together with reduced activation of left middle temporal gyrus. The normalized fALFF analysis on BD patients' LN time series revealed that the Slow-5 fALFF band was positively correlated with residual mania symptoms but negatively associated with depression scores. In line with Crow's hypothesis postulating an altered language hemispheric asymmetry in psychoses, we revealed, in euthymic BD patients, a right shift involving both the temporal and frontal linguistic hubs. The fALFF applied to LN allowed us to highlight a number of significant correlations of this measure with residual mania and depression psychiatric symptoms.
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Chang W, Liu J, Nie L, Pang X, Lv Z, Zheng J. The Degree Centrality and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as Ictal Panic: A Resting State fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:822253. [PMID: 35837228 PMCID: PMC9274169 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.822253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesIctal panic (IP) can be observed occasionally in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Such descriptions can be found in previous studies, but the mechanism is still not clear and often confused with panic attacks in patients with panic disorder (PD). We try to use imaging methods (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, rs-fMRI) to study the mechanism of this psychiatric comorbidity in patients with TLE.MethodsForty right-onset TLE patients were observed, including 28 patients with TLE but without IP and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 gender-age matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) were calculated. For the DC and FC values, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find different areas and t-tests were used to compare differences between the TLEIP, TLE without IP, and healthy control(HC)groups. The relationship between brain abnormalities and patient characteristics was explored by correlation analyses.ResultsNo significant differences in gender and age were found among the three groups, and no significant differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and epilepsy duration (years) between the TLEIP and TLE without IP groups. In addition to fear, other symptoms were observed, including nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There was no correlation between the duration of IP and HAMA. Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min. Compared to the HCs and TLE without IP group, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) was significantly increased. Compared to the HCs, FC could be found between the LMTG and left inferior temporal gyrus (LITG) in the TLEIP group. In addition, there was FC between the LMTG and cerebellum in the TLEIP group. The difference in the magnitude of FC between the TLEIP vs. HC group was greater than the difference between the TLE vs. HC group.ConclusionsThis study describes brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP. These results will help to preliminarily understand the mechanism of ictal panic and abnormal functional connection in patients with TLE, and further explore the neuroimaging mechanism of ictal panic in patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jinou Zheng
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21
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Ovando-Tellez M, Benedek M, Kenett YN, Hills T, Bouanane S, Bernard M, Belo J, Bieth T, Volle E. An investigation of the cognitive and neural correlates of semantic memory search related to creative ability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:604. [PMID: 35710948 PMCID: PMC9203494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative ideas likely result from searching and combining semantic memory knowledge, yet the mechanisms acting on memory to yield creative ideas remain unclear. Here, we identified the neurocognitive correlates of semantic search components related to creative abilities. We designed an associative fluency task based on polysemous words and distinguished two search components related to clustering and switching between the different meanings of the polysemous words. Clustering correlated with divergent thinking, while switching correlated with the ability to combine remote associates. Furthermore, switching correlated with semantic memory structure and executive abilities, and was predicted by connectivity between the default, control, and salience neural networks. In contrast, clustering relied on interactions between control, salience, and attentional neural networks. Our results suggest that switching captures interactions between memory structure and control processes guiding the search whereas clustering may capture attentional controlled processes for persistent search, and that alternations between exploratory search and focused attention support creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
| | | | - Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Hills
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah Bouanane
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Bernard
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joan Belo
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Theophile Bieth
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
- Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne University, FrontLab at Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France.
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22
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Bara I, Binney RJ, Ward R, Ramsey R. A generalised semantic cognition account of aesthetic experience. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108288. [PMID: 35690113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Given that aesthetic experiences typically involve extracting meaning from environment, we believe that semantic cognition research has much to offer the field of neuroaesthetics. In the current paper, we propose a generalised framework that is inspired by the semantic cognition literature and that treats aesthetic experience as just one example of how meaning accumulates. According to our framework, aesthetic experiences are underpinned by the same cognitive and brain systems that are involved in deriving meaning from the environment in general, such as modality-specific conceptual representations and controlled processes for retrieving the appropriate type of information. Our generalised semantic cognition view of aesthetic experience has substantial implications for theory development: it leads to novel, falsifiable predictions and it reconfigures foundational assumptions regarding the structure of the cognitive and brain systems that may be involved in aesthetic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Bara
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Binney
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ward
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ramsey
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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23
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Xu J, Zhang J, Li J, Wang H, Chen J, Lyu H, Hu Q. Structural and Functional Trajectories of Middle Temporal Gyrus Sub-Regions During Life Span: A Potential Biomarker of Brain Development and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:799260. [PMID: 35572140 PMCID: PMC9094684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.799260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies identified a similar topography pattern of structural and functional delineations in human middle temporal gyrus (MTG) using healthy adults, trajectories of MTG sub-regions across lifespan remain largely unknown. Herein, we examined gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using datasets from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI), and aimed to (1) investigate structural and functional trajectories of MTG sub-regions across the lifespan; and (2) assess whether these features can be used as biomarkers to predict individual’s chronological age. As a result, GMV of all MTG sub-regions followed U-shaped trajectories with extreme age around the sixth decade. The RSFC between MTG sub-regions and many cortical brain regions showed inversed U-shaped trajectories, whereas RSFC between MTG sub-regions and sub-cortical regions/cerebellum showed U-shaped way, with extreme age about 20 years earlier than those of GMV. Moreover, GMV and RSFC of MTG sub-regions could be served as useful features to predict individual age with high estimation accuracy. Together, these results not only provided novel insights into the dynamic process of structural and functional roles of MTG sub-regions across the lifespan, but also served as useful biomarkers to age prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hanqing Lyu,
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Qingmao Hu,
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24
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Chang W, Lv Z, Pang X, Nie L, Zheng J. The local neural markers of MRI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy presenting ictal panic: A resting resting-state postictal fMRI study. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 129:108490. [PMID: 35180570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common focal epilepsies. Some patients with TLE have ictal panic (IP), which is often confused with panic attack (PA) in panic disorder (PD). Previous studies have described temporal lobe epilepsy with ictal panic (TLEIP), but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to investigate local brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP and tried to find neural markers to explore the mechanism of IP in patients with TLE. METHODS A total of 40 patients with TLE, including 28 patients with TLE and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. ANOVA was used to find different areas and t-tests used to compare differences among fALFF, ReHo, and DC. Correlation analyses explored the relationship between local brain abnormalities and patient characteristics. RESULTS No significant differences in age and gender were found among the three groups, nor were there differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) between the TLEIP and TLE groups. All the onset sites of patients with TLEIP were on the right. In addition to fear, other symptoms observed included nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There were no correlations between duration of IP and HAMA (p = 0.659). Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min and most <1 min. Compared to the HCs group, the ReHo value of the TLEIP group in the right middle frontal gyrus was significantly decreased (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). Compared to the HCs and TLE groups, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) was significantly increased (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). No regions showed any significant fALFF difference between HCs and TLE groups (GRF correction, two-tailed, voxel level P < 0.005, cluster level P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This research describes local brain abnormalities in patients with TLE presenting as IP. These results will be preliminarily conducive to understand the seizure mechanism of IP in patients with TLE, find out the MRI neural markers, and to further explore the neurophysiological mechanisms of IP in patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liluo Nie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Chen Y, Qiu C, Yu W, Shao X, Zhou M, Wang Y, Shao X. The relationship between brain glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in subjects with normal cognition - a study based on 18F-FDG PET. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:275-283. [PMID: 34816810 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance can increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Our purpose is to use 18F-FDG PET imaging to explore the effect of insulin resistance on brain glucose metabolism in cognitively normal subjects. METHODS A total of 189 cognitively normal subjects who underwent PET examinations were enrolled. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate the presence of insulin resistance. Multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models were used to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and glucose metabolism in the whole brain and evaluate the effects of various covariates. The SPM12 software was used to evaluate the regional effect of insulin resistance on brain glucose metabolism. RESULTS After being fully adjusted for confounding factors, HOMA-IR showed an approximately linear negative correlation with brain glucose metabolism (β = -0.219, T = -3.331, P = 0.021). Compared with normal subjects, insulin-resistant subjects had reduced glucose metabolism in bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right cuneiform lobe and bilateral cerebellar regions. In cognitively normal subjects, systemic insulin resistance has a significant effect on brain glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG brain PET imaging could be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of changes in brain glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Chun Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenji Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Mingge Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuetao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China
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26
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Xue K, Chen J, Wei Y, Chen Y, Han S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Song X, Cheng J. Altered dynamic functional connectivity of auditory cortex and medial geniculate nucleus in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:963634. [PMID: 36159925 PMCID: PMC9489854 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.963634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE As a key feature of schizophrenia, auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is causing concern. Altered dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) patterns involving in auditory related regions were rarely reported in schizophrenia patients with AVH. The goal of this research was to find out the dFC abnormalities of auditory related regions in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with and without AVH using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS A total of 107 schizophrenia patients with AVH, 85 schizophrenia patients without AVH (NAVH) underwent rs-fMRI examinations, and 104 healthy controls (HC) were matched. Seed-based dFC of the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus, HES), auditory association cortex (AAC, including Brodmann's areas 22 and 42), and medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) was conducted to build a whole-brain dFC diagram, then inter group comparison and correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS In comparison to the NAVH and HC groups, the AVH group showed increased dFC from left ACC to the right middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus, decreased dFC from left HES to the left superior occipital gyrus, left cuneus gyrus, left precuneus gyrus, decreased dFC from right HES to the posterior cingulate gyrus, and decreased dFC from left MGN to the bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral cuneus gyrus, bilateral lingual gyrus. The Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) was significantly positively correlated with the dFC values of cluster 1 (bilateral calcarine gyrus, cuneus gyrus, lingual gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, precuneus gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus) using left AAC seed, cluster 2 (right middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus) using left AAC seed, cluster 1 (bilateral calcarine gyrus, cuneus gyrus, lingual gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, precuneus gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus) using right AAC seed and cluster 2 (posterior cingulate gyrus) using right HES seed in the AVH group. In both AVH and NAVH groups, a significantly negative correlation is also found between the dFC values of cluster 2 (posterior cingulate gyrus) using the right HES seed and the PANSS negative sub-scores. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate that schizophrenia patients with AVH showed multiple abnormal dFC regions using auditory related cortex and nucleus as seeds, particularly involving the occipital lobe, default mode network (DMN), and middle temporal lobe, implying that the different dFC patterns of auditory related areas could provide a neurological mechanism of AVH in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Xue
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Wu Y, Zhong Y, Zheng G, Liu Y, Pang M, Xu H, Ding H, Wang C, Zhang N. Disrupted fronto-temporal function in panic disorder: a resting-state connectome study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:888-898. [PMID: 34668168 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in activity and connectivity among many brain regions as potential biomarkers for panic disorder. However, the functional connectome of panic disorder is not well understood. Therefore, a graph-theoretical approach was applied in this study to construct functional networks of patients and healthy controls in order to discover topological changes in panic disorder. 31 patients and 33 age and sex matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain networks for each participant were structured using nodes from the Anatomical Automatic Labeling template and edges from connectivity matrices. Then, topological organizations of networks were calculated. Network-based statistical analysis was conducted, and global and nodal properties were compared between patients and controls. Unlike controls, patients with panic disorder displayed a small-world network. Patients also revealed decreased nodal efficiency in right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Decreased functional connectivity was found in panic disorder between right MTG and extensive temporal regions. Among these disrupted regions, the decreased nodal efficiency of SFG showed a positive correlation with clinical symptoms while nodal betweenness centrality in angular gyrus showed a negative correlation. Our results indicated decreased function of global and regional information transmission in panic disorder and emphasized the role of temporal regions in its pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Wang YL, Jiang ML, Huang LX, Meng X, Li S, Pang XQ, Zeng ZS. Disrupted resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without neuropsychiatric lupus. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:129-140. [PMID: 34379142 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to explore interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE and non-NPSLE, respectively) and their potential correlations with clinical characteristics and neuropsychological performance. METHODS Based on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data collected from SLE patients and matched healthy controls (HCs), the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) analysis was conducted to measure functional homotopy. Subsequently, correlations between altered functional homotopy and clinical/neuropsychological data were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, both NPSLE and non-NPSLE groups showed attenuated homotopic connectivity in middle temporal gyrus (MTG), cuneus (CUN), middle occipital gyrus (MOG), angular gyrus (ANG), and postcentral gyrus (PoCG). NPSLE patients also exhibited decreased homotopic connectivity in inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Compared with non-NPSLE patients, NPSLE patients showed weaker interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity in MOG. Decreased homotopic functional connectivity in PoCG, IPG, and MOG were associated with the anxiety state of SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed attenuated functional homotopy in both NPSLE and non-NPSLE groups compared to the HC group, which appeared to be more severe in patients with comorbid neuropsychiatric lupus. Interhemispheric homotopy dysconnectivity may participate in the neuropathology of anxiety symptoms in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mu-Liang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Xuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Pang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zi-San Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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29
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Effects of Mini-Basketball Training Program on Social Communication Impairment and Executive Control Network in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105132. [PMID: 34066139 PMCID: PMC8150962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a 12-week mini-basketball training program (MBTP) on social communication (SC) and the executive control network (ECN) in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We finally assigned 30 preschool children with ASD to an experiment group (n = 15, 12 males, 3 females) or a control group (n = 15, 13 males, 2 females). The experiment group participated in a 12-week MBTP (40-min sessions per day, 5 days a week), while the control group only received the institutional routine behavioral rehabilitation intervention. The SC of preschool children with ASD was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2), whereas functional connectivity (FC) of the ECN was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) at pre-and post-test. Our results showed that SC exhibited significant improvement in the intervention group, especially in SRS-2 total score, social cognition, and social communication. We found significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the right cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus in the experimental group, while functional connectivity between the left middle temporal gyrus and right cerebellum were decreased in the control group. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between the change in SC scores and FC of the ECN. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights that a 12-week MBTP improves SC and functional connectivity of the ECN in preschool children with ASD. We further inferred that neural mechanisms might be associated with changing the ECN of preschool ASD children caused by the 12-week MBTP.
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An KM, Ikeda T, Hirosawa T, Yaoi K, Yoshimura Y, Hasegawa C, Tanaka S, Saito DN, Kikuchi M. Decreased grey matter volumes in unaffected mothers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder reflect the broader autism endophenotype. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10001. [PMID: 33976262 PMCID: PMC8113597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an early onset and a strong genetic origin. Unaffected relatives may present similar but subthreshold characteristics of ASD. This broader autism phenotype is especially prevalent in the parents of individuals with ASD, suggesting that it has heritable factors. Although previous studies have demonstrated brain morphometry differences in ASD, they are poorly understood in parents of individuals with ASD. Here, we estimated grey matter volume in 45 mothers of children with ASD (mASD) and 46 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched controls using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis. The mASD group had smaller grey matter volume in the right middle temporal gyrus, temporoparietal junction, cerebellum, and parahippocampal gyrus compared with the control group. Furthermore, we analysed the correlations of these brain volumes with ASD behavioural characteristics using autism spectrum quotient (AQ) and systemizing quotient (SQ) scores, which measure general autistic traits and the drive to systemize. Smaller volumes in the middle temporal gyrus and temporoparietal junction correlated with higher SQ scores, and smaller volumes in the cerebellum and parahippocampal gyrus correlated with higher AQ scores. Our findings suggest that atypical grey matter volumes in mASD may represent one of the neurostructural endophenotypes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min An
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hirosawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken Yaoi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sanae Tanaka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke N Saito
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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31
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Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Meng J, Chen Q, Yang W, Wei D, Qiu J. Plasticity of the resting-state brain: static and dynamic functional connectivity change induced by divergent thinking training. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1498-1506. [PMID: 30868403 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Creativity is very important and is linked to almost all areas of our everyday life. Improving creativity brings great benefits. Various strategies and training paradigms have been used to stimulate creative thinking. These training approaches have been confirmed to be effective. However, whether or not training can reshape the resting-state brain is still unclear. The present study examined whether or not the divergent thinking training intervention can reshape the resting-state brain functional connectivity (FC). Static seed-based and dynamic approaches were used to explore this problem. Results demonstrate significant changes in static and dynamic FCs. FCs, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-inferior parietal lobule, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-precuneus and left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, was significantly improved through the training. Furthermore, the temporal variability of the supplementary motor area and middle temporal gyrus was improved. These results indicate that divergent thinking training may lead to resting-state brain plasticity. Considering the role of these regions in brain networks, the present study further confirms the close relationship between the brain networks' dynamic interactions and divergent thinking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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32
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Expert Programmers Have Fine-Tuned Cortical Representations of Source Code. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0405-20.2020. [PMID: 33318072 PMCID: PMC7877476 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0405-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expertise enables humans to achieve outstanding performance on domain-specific tasks, and programming is no exception. Many studies have shown that expert programmers exhibit remarkable differences from novices in behavioral performance, knowledge structure, and selective attention. However, the underlying differences in the brain of programmers are still unclear. We here address this issue by associating the cortical representation of source code with individual programming expertise using a data-driven decoding approach. This approach enabled us to identify seven brain regions, widely distributed in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices, that have a tight relationship with programming expertise. In these brain regions, functional categories of source code could be decoded from brain activity and the decoding accuracies were significantly correlated with individual behavioral performances on a source-code categorization task. Our results suggest that programming expertise is built on fine-tuned cortical representations specialized for the domain of programming.
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33
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Gobbo M, De Pellegrin S, Bonaudo C, Semenza C, Della Puppa A, Salillas E. Two dissociable semantic mechanisms predict naming errors and their responsive brain sites in awake surgery. DO80 revisited. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107727. [PMID: 33338472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How do we choose words, and what affects the selection of a specific term? Naming tests such as the DO80 are frequently used to assess language function during brain mapping in awake surgery. The present study aimed to explore whether specific semantic errors become more probable under the stimulation of specific brain areas. Moreover, it meant to determine whether specific semantic characteristics of the items may evoke specific types of error. A corpus-based qualitative semantic analysis of the DO80 items, and the emitted naming errors to those items during direct cortical electrostimulation (DCE) revealed that the number of hyperonyms (i.e. 'vehicle' for car') of an item predicted the emission of a synonym ('automobile' for 'car'). This association occurred mainly in frontal tumor patients, which was corroborated by behavior to lesion analyses. In contrast, the emission of co-hyponyms was associated with tumors located in temporal areas. These two behavior-lesion associations thus dissociated, and were also dependent on item semantic characteristics. Co-hyponym errors might generate from the disruption in a temporal semantic-to-lexical process, and the production of synonyms could be the result of an impairment in a frontal lexical-selection mechanism. A hypothesis on the lexical selection mechanisms exerted by the inferior frontal gyrus is proposed. Crucially, the present data suggest the need for more restrictive naming tasks, with items conditioned by tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Gobbo
- UOC Neurologic Clinic, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Camilla Bonaudo
- Neurosurgery, Department of NEUROFARBA, University Hospital of Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Semenza
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Puppa
- Neurosurgery, Department of NEUROFARBA, University Hospital of Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Salillas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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34
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Koizumi K, Ueda K, Li Z, Nakao M. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Brain Networks Related to Creative Thinking. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:541052. [PMID: 33192387 PMCID: PMC7596331 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.541052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human creative thinking is unique and capable of generating novel and valuable ideas. Recent research has clarified the contribution of different brain networks (default mode network, DN; executive control network; salience network) to creative thinking. However, the effects of brain stimulation on brain networks during creative thinking and on creative performance have not been clarified. The present study was designed to examine the changes in functional connectivity (FC) and effective connectivity (EC) of the large-scale brain network, and the ensuing changes in creative performance, induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Fourteen healthy male students underwent two tDCS sessions, one with actual stimulation and one with sham stimulation, on two separate days. Participants underwent tDCS (anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC; cathode over the right inferior parietal lobule, IPL) for 20 min. Before and after the tDCS session, electroencephalography signals were acquired from 32 electrodes over the whole head during the creative thinking task. On FC analysis, the delta band FC between the posterior cingulate cortex and IPL significantly increased only after real stimulation. We also found that the change of flexibility score was significantly correlated with the change in: (i) delta band FC between mPFC and left lateral temporal cortex (LTC) and (ii) alpha band FC between IPL and right LTC. On EC analysis, decreased flow within the DN (from left LTC to right IPL) was observed. Our results reveal that tDCS could affect brain networks, particularly the DN, during creative thinking and modulate key FC in the generation of flexible creative ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Creative Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Hoffman P, Tamm A. Barking up the right tree: Univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses of homonym comprehension. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117050. [PMID: 32534964 PMCID: PMC7443701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homonyms are a critical test case for investigating how the brain resolves ambiguity in language and, more generally, how context influences semantic processing. Previous neuroimaging studies have associated processing of homonyms with greater engagement of regions involved in executive control of semantic processing. However, the precise role of these areas and the involvement of semantic representational regions in homonym comprehension remain elusive. We addressed this by combining univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses of homonym processing. We tested whether multi-voxel activation patterns could discriminate between presentations of the same homonym in different contexts (e.g., bark following tree vs. bark following dog). The ventral anterior temporal lobe, implicated in semantic representation but not previously in homonym comprehension, showed this meaning-specific coding, despite not showing increased mean activation for homonyms. Within inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a key site for semantic control, there was a dissociation between pars orbitalis, which also showed meaning-specific coding, and pars triangularis, which discriminated more generally between semantically related and unrelated word pairs. IFG effects were goal-dependent, only occurring when the task required semantic decisions, in line with a top-down control function. Finally, posterior middle temporal cortex showed a hybrid pattern of responses, supporting the idea that it acts as an interface between semantic representations and the control system. The study provides new evidence for context-dependent coding in the semantic system and clarifies the role of control regions in processing ambiguity. It also highlights the importance of combining univariate and multivariate neuroimaging data to fully elucidate the role of a brain region in semantic cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoffman
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Andres Tamm
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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36
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Zhang T, Tang D, Cai H, Zhang B, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhao W, Zhu J, Zhang X, Yu Y. Selective Functional Hyperconnectivity in the Middle Temporal Gyrus Subregions in Lifelong Premature Ejaculation. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1457-1466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Weber S, Hausmann M, Kane P, Weis S. The relationship between language ability and brain activity across language processes and modalities. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107536. [PMID: 32590019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Existing neuroimaging studies on the relationship between language ability and brain activity have found contradictory evidence: On the one hand, increased activity with higher language ability has been interpreted as deeper or more adaptive language processing. On the other hand, decreased activity with higher language ability has been interpreted as more efficient language processing. In contrast to previous studies, the current study investigated the relationship between language ability and neural activity across different language processes and modalities while keeping non-linguistic cognitive task demands to a minimum. fMRI data were collected from 22 healthy adults performing a sentence listening task, a sentence reading task and a phonological production task. Outside the MRI scanner, language ability was assessed with the verbal scale of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II) and a verbal fluency task. As expected, sentence comprehension activated the left anterior temporal lobe while phonological processing activated the left inferior frontal gyrus. Higher language ability was associated with increased activity in the left temporal lobe during auditory sentence processing and with increased activity in the left frontal lobe during phonological processing, reflected in both, higher intensity and greater extent of activations. Evidence for decreased activity with higher language ability was less consistent and restricted to verbal fluency. Together, the results predominantly support the hypothesis of deeper language processing in individuals with higher language ability. The consistency of results across language processes, modalities, and brain regions suggests a general positive link between language abilities and brain activity within the core language network. However, a negative relationship seems to exist for non-linguistic cognitive functions located outside the language network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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38
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Ding J, Chen K, Zhang N, Luo M, Du X, Chen Y, Yang Q, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Song L, Han Z, Guo Q. White matter networks dissociate semantic control from semantic knowledge representations: Evidence from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Cogn Neuropsychol 2020; 37:450-465. [PMID: 32529964 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2020.1767560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although semantic system is composed of two distinctive processes (i.e., semantic knowledge and semantic control), it remains unknown in which way these two processes dissociate from each other. Investigating the white matter neuroanatomy underlying these processes helps improve understanding of this question. To address this issue, we recruited brain-damaged patients with semantic dementia (SD) and semantic aphasia (SA), who had selective predominant deficits in semantic knowledge and semantic control, respectively. We built regression models to identify the white matter network associated with the semantic performance of each patient group. Semantic knowledge deficits in the SD patients were associated with damage to the left medial temporal network, while semantic control deficits in the SA patients were associated with damage to the other two networks (left frontal-temporal/occipital and frontal-subcortical networks). The further voxel-based analysis revealed additional semantic-relevant white matter tracts. These findings specify different processing principles of the components in semantic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Neurology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Medicine Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Song
- Department of Neurology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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39
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Smith AR, Nelson EE, Kircanski K, Rappaport BI, Do QB, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Jarcho JM. Social anxiety and age are associated with neural response to social evaluation during adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 42:100768. [PMID: 32077442 PMCID: PMC7030986 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of adaptive social behaviors and social anxiety, possibly due to aspects of brain development. However, research is needed to examine interactions among age, social anxiety, and social dynamics previously shown to influence neural responding. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examines brain function in 8-18 year-olds with varying levels of social anxiety. Interactions are examined among age, social anxiety, and two key task factors: valence and predictability of social interactions. Results demonstrate age, social anxiety severity, and each of the two key task-based factors interact to predict neural response in the caudate, middle and superior temporal gyri. In particular, among adolescents less-than 13 years of age, higher social anxiety predicted greater responding to unpredictable negative evaluations. However, in this same age group, the opposite pattern emerged during receipt of unpredictable positive evaluations, with less neural response in more anxious youth. Adolescents aged 13 and older overall showed less robust effects. We discuss these findings in terms of age- and anxiety-related differences in socioemotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States.
| | - E E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH United States
| | - K Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - B I Rappaport
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri United States
| | - Q B Do
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States
| | - E Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - D S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - J M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
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40
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Ren J, Huang F, Zhou Y, Zhuang L, Xu J, Gao C, Qin S, Luo J. The function of the hippocampus and middle temporal gyrus in forming new associations and concepts during the processing of novelty and usefulness features in creative designs. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116751. [PMID: 32194284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Creative thought relies on the reorganization of existing knowledge to generate novel and useful concepts. However, how these new concepts are formed, especially through the processing of novelty and usefulness (which are usually regarded as the key properties of creativity), is not clear. Taking familiar and useful (FU) objects/designs as the starting point or fundamental baseline, we modified them into novel and useless (NS) objects/designs or novel and useful (NU) ones (i.e., truly creative ones) to investigate how the features of novelty and usefulness are processed (processing of novelty: NU minus FU; processing of usefulness: NU minus NS). Specifically, we predicted that the creative integration of novelty and usefulness entails not only the formation of new associations, which could be critically mediated by the hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal lobe (MTL) areas, but also the formation of new concepts or categories, which is supported by the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). We found that both the MTL and the MTG were involved in the processing of novelty and usefulness. The MTG showed distinctive patterns of information processing, reflected by strengthened functional connectivity with the hippocampus to construct new concepts and strengthened functional connectivity with the executive control system to break the boundaries of old concepts. Additionally, participants' subjective evaluations of concept distance showed that the distance between the familiar concept (FU) and the successfully constructed concept (NU) was larger than that between the FU and the unsuccessfully constructed concept (NS), and this pattern was found to correspond to the patterns of their neural representations in the MTG. These findings demonstrate the critical mechanism by which new associations and concepts are formed during novelty and usefulness processing in creative design; this mechanism may be critically mediated by the hippocampus-MTG connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Liping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chuanji Gao
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29201, USA
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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41
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Industriousness Moderates the Link Between Default Mode Network Subsystem and Creativity. Neuroscience 2020; 427:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Xu J, Lyu H, Li T, Xu Z, Fu X, Jia F, Wang J, Hu Q. Delineating functional segregations of the human middle temporal gyrus with resting-state functional connectivity and coactivation patterns. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5159-5171. [PMID: 31423713 PMCID: PMC6865466 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) has been parcellated into subregions with distinguished anatomical connectivity patterns, whether the structural topography of MTG can inform functional segregations of this area remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that the brain's underlying organization and function can be directly and effectively delineated with resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) by identifying putative functional boundaries between cortical areas. Here, RSFC profiles were used to explore functional segregations of the MTG and defined four subregions from anterior to posterior in two independent datasets, which showed a similar pattern with MTG parcellation scheme obtained using anatomical connectivity. The functional segregations of MTG were further supported by whole brain RSFC, coactivation, and specific RFSC, and coactivation mapping. Furthermore, the fingerprint with predefined 10 networks and functional characterizations of each subregion using meta-analysis also identified functional distinction between subregions. The specific connectivity analysis and functional characterization indicated that the bilateral most anterior subregions mainly participated in social cognition and semantic processing; the ventral middle subregions were involved in social cognition in left hemisphere and auditory processing in right hemisphere; the bilateral ventro-posterior subregions participated in action observation, whereas the left subregion was also involved in semantic processing; both of the dorsal subregions in superior temporal sulcus were involved in language, social cognition, and auditory processing. Taken together, our findings demonstrated MTG sharing similar structural and functional topographies and provide more detailed information about the functional organization of the MTG, which may facilitate future clinical and cognitive research on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Radiology DepartmentShenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Ziyun Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Fucang Jia
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
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43
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Kowialiewski B, Van Calster L, Attout L, Phillips C, Majerus S. Neural Patterns in Linguistic Cortices Discriminate the Content of Verbal Working Memory. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2997-3014. [PMID: 31813984 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An influential theoretical account of working memory (WM) considers that WM is based on direct activation of long-term memory knowledge. While there is empirical support for this position in the visual WM domain, direct evidence is scarce in the verbal WM domain. This question is critical for models of verbal WM, as the question of whether short-term maintenance of verbal information relies on direct activation within the long-term linguistic knowledge base or not is still debated. In this study, we examined the extent to which short-term maintenance of lexico-semantic knowledge relies on neural activation patterns in linguistic cortices, and this by using a fast encoding running span task for word and nonword stimuli minimizing strategic encoding mechanisms. Multivariate analyses showed specific neural patterns for the encoding and maintenance of word versus nonword stimuli. These patterns were not detectable anymore when participants were instructed to stop maintaining the memoranda. The patterns involved specific regions within the dorsal and ventral pathways, which are considered to support phonological and semantic processing to various degrees. This study provides novel evidence for a role of linguistic cortices in the representation of long-term memory linguistic knowledge during WM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kowialiewski
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research-F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurens Van Calster
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Phillips
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research-F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steve Majerus
- University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research-F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Xu J, Wang C, Xu Z, Li T, Chen F, Chen K, Gao J, Wang J, Hu Q. Specific Functional Connectivity Patterns of Middle Temporal Gyrus Subregions in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2019; 13:410-422. [PMID: 31729198 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the key regions in the "social brain" network, the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) has been widely reported to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there have been contradictory results in terms of whether it shows hyperconnectivity or hypoconnectivity. Delineating roles of MTG at the subregional level may eliminate the observed inconsistencies and provide a new avenue to reveal the neurophysiologic mechanism of ASD. Thus, we first performed connectivity-based parcellation using the BrainMap database to identify fine-grained functional topography of the MTG. Then, the MTG subregions were used to investigate differences in the functional connectivity in children and adults with ASD using two data sets from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Four distinct subregions in the human left and right MTG were identified, including the anterior MTG (aMTG), middle-anterior MTG (maMTG), middle-posterior MTG, and posterior MTG (pMTG). The bilateral pMTG was more vulnerable in both children and adults with ASD than in the typically developing (TD) group, mainly showing hypoconnectivity with different brain regions. In addition, the bilateral aMTG and right maMTG also showed altered functional connectivity in adults with ASD compared to the TD group. Moreover, all these altered MTG subregions were mainly associated with social cognition and language, as revealed by functional characterization. Further correlation analyses also showed trends of association between altered connectivity of the left aMTG and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores in adults with ASD. Together, these results suggest a potential objective way to explore sub-regional differences associated with such disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 410-422. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Four distinct subregions in the human left and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were identified, including the anterior MTG (aMTG), middle-anterior MTG (maMTG), middle-posterior MTG, and posterior MTG (pMTG). The bilateral pMTG was more vulnerable in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in the typically developing (TD) group, mainly showing hypoconnectivity with different brain regions. In addition, the bilateral aMTG and right maMTG also showed altered functional connectivity in adults with ASD compared to the TD group. Moreover, all these altered MTG subregions were mainly associated with social cognition and language, as revealed by functional characterization. Further correlation analyses also showed trends of association between altered connectivity of the left aMTG and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores in adults with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyun Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- School of Information and Communication Engineer, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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45
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Becker M, Sommer T, Kühn S. Inferior frontal gyrus involvement during search and solution in verbal creative problem solving: A parametric fMRI study. Neuroimage 2019; 206:116294. [PMID: 31639509 PMCID: PMC7355229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In verbal creative problems like compound remote associates (CRAs), the solution is semantically distant and there is no predefined path to the solution. Therefore, people first search through the space of possible solutions before retrieving the correct semantic content by extending their search space. We assume that search and solution are both part of a semantic control process which involves the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Furthermore, we expect the degree of relevant semantic control areas like the IFG to depend on how much the search space needs to be extended, i.e. how semantically distant the solution is. To demonstrate this, we created a modified CRA paradigm which systematically modulates the semantic distance from the first target word to the solution via priming. We show that brain areas (left IFG and middle temporal gyrus) associated with semantic control are already recruited during search. In addition, BOLD response in the left angular gyrus linearly correlates with search space extension. Hence, there is evidence that this process already takes place during search. Furthermore, bilateral IFG (pars orbitalis and triangularis) also correlates with search space extension but during solution. We discuss the role of the IFG in accessing semantically distant information during verbal creative problem solving. We present a novel way how to quantify verbal restructuring in a parametric fMRI paradigm. Evidence is provided that search for a solution and verbal restructuring are both part of a cognitive control process. Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the angular gyrus are identified as part of this cognitive control process. BOLD activation of bilateral IFG parametrically correlates with verbal restructuring during and before solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Becker
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Sommer
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Systems Neuroscience, NeuroImage Nord, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Lukic S, Meltzer-Asscher A, Higgins J, Parrish TB, Thompson CK. Neurocognitive correlates of category ambiguous verb processing: The single versus dual lexical entry hypotheses. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 194:65-76. [PMID: 31103888 PMCID: PMC6855381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Word-class ambiguous words engender greater processing time and fMRI (BOLD signal) activation than unambiguous ones. Theoretical accounts of this phenomenon suggest that words with multiple meanings (1) are associated with multiple lexical entries and thus require greater selection demands, or (2) undergo computationally expensive grammatical processes that convert words from one word-class to another. Using an fMRI grammaticality judgment task, we tested these accounts by examining word-class ambiguous polysemic (e.g., brush) and homonymic (e.g., bear) verbs, and unambiguous verbs (e.g., bake). Results showed that ambiguous verbs evoked longer response times and greater neural activation in the left inferior frontal and parietal gyri. However, homonymic verbs also showed increased left inferior frontal and temporal neural activations compared to polysemic verbs. This indicates that rather than having multiple lexical representations like homonyms, polysemic verbs may share a core representation with their noun counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Lukic
- Northwestern University, Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, United States; Northwestern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, United States.
| | - Aya Meltzer-Asscher
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Linguistics, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Israel
| | - James Higgins
- Northwestern University, Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, United States; Northwestern University, Radiology, United States
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Northwestern University, Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, United States; Northwestern University, Radiology, United States
| | - Cynthia K Thompson
- Northwestern University, Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, United States; Northwestern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, United States; Northwestern University, Neurology, Feinberg, School of Medicine, United States
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47
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Sun J, Shi L, Chen Q, Yang W, Wei D, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Openness to experience and psychophysiological interaction patterns during divergent thinking. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1580-1589. [PMID: 30242553 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Creativity is the ability to produce something novel and useful. Various tasks have been used to explore the neural bases of creativity. However, studies exploring the relationship between the brain regions during divergent thinking are still rare. Given that the brain works in networks, exploring the functional connectivity (FC) patterns during divergent thinking is important. The present study explored the FC patterns during alternative uses task and its relationship with openness to experience. Psychophysiological interaction results corroborated that the inferior parietal lobule was positively connected to the precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. Middle frontal gyrus/superior frontal gyrus was positively connected to the precuneus and supramarginal gyrus. Individual difference analysis revealed that openness to experience was positively related to the strength of FCs between some key regions of default mode, cognitive control and salience networks. Findings confirmed the network-based mechanisms underlying creativity and the neural basis of individual differences of openness to experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2, TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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48
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Jankowski KF, Batres J, Scott H, Smyda G, Pfeifer JH, Quevedo K. Feeling left out: depressed adolescents may atypically recruit emotional salience and regulation networks during social exclusion. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:863-876. [PMID: 30059994 PMCID: PMC6123522 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with negative attention and attribution biases and maladaptive emotion responsivity and regulation, which adversely impact self-evaluations and interpersonal relationships. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural substrates of these impairments. We compared neural activity recruited by 126 clinically depressed and healthy adolescents (ages 11-17 years) during social exclusion (Exclusion > Inclusion) using Cyberball. Results revealed significant interaction effects within left anterior insula (AI)/inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Insula hyperresponsivity was associated with peer exclusion for depressed adolescents but peer inclusion for healthy adolescents. In additional, healthy adolescents recruited greater lateral temporal activity during peer exclusion. Complementary effect size analyses within independent parcellations offered converging evidence, as well as highlighted medium-to-large effects within subgenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal, lateral temporal and lateral parietal regions implicated in emotion regulation. Depressogenic neural patterns were associated with negative self-perceptions and negative information processing biases. These findings suggest a neural mechanism underlying cognitive biases in depression, as reflected by emotional hyperresponsivity and maladaptive regulation/reappraisal of negative social evaluative information. This study lends further support for salience and central executive network dysfunction underlying social threat processing, and in particular, highlights the anterior insula as a key region of disturbance in adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
| | - Garry Smyda
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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49
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Chen Q, Beaty RE, Wei D, Yang J, Sun J, Liu W, Yang W, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Longitudinal Alterations of Frontoparietal and Frontotemporal Networks Predict Future Creative Cognitive Ability. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:103-115. [PMID: 29253252 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Creative cognition is important to academic performance and career success during late adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of longitudinal data on whether brain structural development could predict improvements in creative thinking, and how such changes interact with other cognitive abilities to support creative performance. Here we examined longitudinal alterations of brain structure and their relation to creative cognitive ability in a sample of 159 healthy young adults who were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging 2-3 times over the course of 3 years. The most robust predictor of future creative ability was the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which in conjunction with baseline creative capacity showed a 31% prediction rate. Longitudinal analysis revealed that slower decreases in gray matter density within left frontoparietal and right frontotemporal clusters predicted enhanced creative ability. Moreoever, the relationship between longitudinal alterations within frontal-related clusters and improved creative ability was moderated by the right DLPFC and working memory ability. We conclude that continuous goal-directed planning and accumulated knowledge are implemented in the right DLPFC and temporal areas, respectively, which in turn support longitudinal gains in creative cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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50
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An individual differences approach to semantic cognition: Divergent effects of age on representation, retrieval and selection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8145. [PMID: 29802344 PMCID: PMC5970266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic cognition refers to the appropriate use of acquired knowledge about the world. This requires representation of knowledge as well as control processes which ensure that currently-relevant aspects of knowledge are retrieved and selected. Although these abilities can be impaired selectively following brain damage, the relationship between them in healthy individuals is unclear. It is also commonly assumed that semantic cognition is preserved in later life, because older people have greater reserves of knowledge. However, this claim overlooks the possibility of decline in semantic control processes. Here, semantic cognition was assessed in 100 young and older adults. Despite having a broader knowledge base, older people showed specific impairments in semantic control, performing more poorly than young people when selecting among competing semantic representations. Conversely, they showed preserved controlled retrieval of less salient information from the semantic store. Breadth of semantic knowledge was positively correlated with controlled retrieval but was unrelated to semantic selection ability, which was instead correlated with non-semantic executive function. These findings indicate that three distinct elements contribute to semantic cognition: semantic representations that accumulate throughout the lifespan, processes for controlled retrieval of less salient semantic information, which appear age-invariant, and mechanisms for selecting task-relevant aspects of semantic knowledge, which decline with age and may relate more closely to domain-general executive control.
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