1
|
Chu HY. Motor cortical circuit adaptations in parkinsonism. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2107-2108. [PMID: 38488541 PMCID: PMC11034584 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Chehade HD, Chu HY. Motor Cortical Neuronal Hyperexcitability Associated with α-Synuclein Aggregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604995. [PMID: 39091827 PMCID: PMC11291145 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cerebral cortex is thought to underlie motor and cognitive impairments in Parkinson disease (PD). While cortical function is known to be suppressed by abnormal basal ganglia output following dopaminergic degeneration, it remains to be determined how the deposition of Lewy pathology disrupts cortical circuit integrity and function. Moreover, it is also unknown whether cortical Lewy pathology and midbrain dopaminergic degeneration interact to disrupt cortical function in late-stage. To begin to address these questions, we injected α-synuclein (αSyn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the dorsolateral striatum of mice to seed αSyn pathology in the cortical cortex and induce degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Using this model system, we reported that αSyn aggregates accumulate in the motor cortex in a layer- and cell-subtype-specific pattern. Particularly, intratelencephalic neurons (ITNs) showed earlier accumulation and greater extent of αSyn aggregates relative to corticospinal neurons (CSNs). Moreover, we demonstrated that the intrinsic excitability and inputs resistance of αSyn aggregates-bearing ITNs in the secondary motor cortex (M2) are increased, along with a noticeable shrinkage of cell bodies and loss of dendritic spines. Last, neither the intrinsic excitability of CSNs nor their thalamocortical input was altered by a partial striatal dopamine depletion associated with αSyn pathology. Our results documented motor cortical neuronal hyperexcitability associated with αSyn aggregation and provided a novel mechanistic understanding of cortical circuit dysfunction in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
| | - Hiba Douja Chehade
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20852, United States
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University of Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cox KM, Kase D, Znati T, Turner RS. Detecting rhythmic spiking through the power spectra of point process model residuals. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046041. [PMID: 38986461 PMCID: PMC11299538 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Oscillations figure prominently as neurological disease hallmarks and neuromodulation targets. To detect oscillations in a neuron's spiking, one might attempt to seek peaks in the spike train's power spectral density (PSD) which exceed a flat baseline. Yet for a non-oscillating neuron, the PSD is not flat: The recovery period ('RP', the post-spike drop in spike probability, starting with the refractory period) introduces global spectral distortion. An established 'shuffling' procedure corrects for RP distortion by removing the spectral component explained by the inter-spike interval (ISI) distribution. However, this procedure sacrifices oscillation-related information present in the ISIs, and therefore in the PSD. We asked whether point process models (PPMs) might achieve more selective RP distortion removal, thereby enabling improved oscillation detection.Approach. In a novel 'residuals' method, we first estimate the RP duration (nr) from the ISI distribution. We then fit the spike train with a PPM that predicts spike likelihood based on the time elapsed since the most recent of any spikes falling within the precedingnrmilliseconds. Finally, we compute the PSD of the model's residuals.Main results. We compared the residuals and shuffling methods' ability to enable accurate oscillation detection with flat baseline-assuming tests. Over synthetic data, the residuals method generally outperformed the shuffling method in classification of true- versus false-positive oscillatory power, principally due to enhanced sensitivity in sparse spike trains. In single-unit data from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and ventrolateral anterior thalamus (VLa) of a parkinsonian monkey-in which alpha-beta oscillations (8-30 Hz) were anticipated-the residuals method reported the greatest incidence of significant alpha-beta power, with low firing rates predicting residuals-selective oscillation detection.Significance. These results encourage continued development of the residuals approach, to support more accurate oscillation detection. Improved identification of oscillations could promote improved disease models and therapeutic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Cox
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Kase
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
- Systems Neuroscience Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Taieb Znati
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America
| | - Robert S Turner
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
- Systems Neuroscience Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu HY, Smith Y, Lytton WW, Grafton S, Villalba R, Masilamoni G, Wichmann T. Dysfunction of motor cortices in Parkinson's disease. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae294. [PMID: 39066504 PMCID: PMC11281850 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex has long been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The impaired cortical function is believed to be a direct and immediate effect of pathologically patterned basal ganglia output, mediated to the cerebral cortex by way of the ventral motor thalamus. However, recent studies in humans with Parkinson's disease and in animal models of the disease have provided strong evidence suggesting that the involvement of the cerebral cortex is much broader than merely serving as a passive conduit for subcortical disturbances. In the present review, we discuss Parkinson's disease-related changes in frontal cortical motor regions, focusing on neuropathology, plasticity, changes in neurotransmission, and altered network interactions. We will also examine recent studies exploring the cortical circuits as potential targets for neuromodulation to treat Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Chu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd N.W., Washington D.C. 20007, United States
| | - Yoland Smith
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 12 Executive Drive N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - William W Lytton
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
- Department of Neurology, Kings County Hospital, 451 Clarkson Avenue,Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Scott Grafton
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, 551 UCEN Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Rosa Villalba
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Gunasingh Masilamoni
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 12 Executive Drive N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doherty DW, Chen L, Smith Y, Wichmann T, Chu HY, Lytton WW. Decreased cellular excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in primary motor cortex leads to paradoxically increased network activity in simulated parkinsonian motor cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595566. [PMID: 38948850 PMCID: PMC11212883 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Decreased excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in layer 5B (PT5B) of primary motor cortex (M1) has recently been shown in a dopamine-depleted mouse model of parkinsonism. We hypothesized that decreased PT5B neuron excitability would substantially disrupt oscillatory and non-oscillatory firing patterns of neurons in layer 5 (L5) of primary motor cortex (M1). To test this hypothesis, we performed computer simulations using a previously validated computer model of mouse M1. Inclusion of the experimentally identified parkinsonism-associated decrease of PT5B excitability into our computational model produced a paradoxical increase in rest-state PT5B firing rate, as well as an increase in beta-band oscillatory power in local field potential (LFP). In the movement-state, PT5B population firing and LFP showed reduced beta and increased high-beta, low-gamma activity of 20-35 Hz in the parkinsonian, but not in control condition. The appearance of beta-band oscillations in parkinsonism would be expected to disrupt normal M1 motor output and contribute to motor activity deficits seen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Doherty
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Yoland Smith
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - William W Lytton
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahon S. Variation and convergence in the morpho-functional properties of the mammalian neocortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2024; 18:1413780. [PMID: 38966330 PMCID: PMC11222651 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2024.1413780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Man's natural inclination to classify and hierarchize the living world has prompted neurophysiologists to explore possible differences in brain organisation between mammals, with the aim of understanding the diversity of their behavioural repertoires. But what really distinguishes the human brain from that of a platypus, an opossum or a rodent? In this review, we compare the structural and electrical properties of neocortical neurons in the main mammalian radiations and examine their impact on the functioning of the networks they form. We discuss variations in overall brain size, number of neurons, length of their dendritic trees and density of spines, acknowledging their increase in humans as in most large-brained species. Our comparative analysis also highlights a remarkable consistency, particularly pronounced in marsupial and placental mammals, in the cell typology, intrinsic and synaptic electrical properties of pyramidal neuron subtypes, and in their organisation into functional circuits. These shared cellular and network characteristics contribute to the emergence of strikingly similar large-scale physiological and pathological brain dynamics across a wide range of species. These findings support the existence of a core set of neural principles and processes conserved throughout mammalian evolution, from which a number of species-specific adaptations appear, likely allowing distinct functional needs to be met in a variety of environmental contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Mahon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brague JC, Sinha GP, Henry DA, Headrick DJ, Hamdan Z, Hooks BM, Seal RP. Dopamine-mediated plasticity preserves excitatory connections to direct pathway striatal projection neurons and motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596192. [PMID: 38854096 PMCID: PMC11160626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) such as bradykinesia and akinesia are debilitating, and treatment options remain inadequate. The loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in PD produces motor symptoms by shifting the balance of striatal output from the direct (go) to indirect (no-go) pathway in large part through changes in the excitatory connections and intrinsic excitabilities of the striatal projection neurons (SPNs). Here, we report using two different experimental models that a transient increase in striatal dopamine and enhanced D1 receptor activation, during 6-OHDA dopamine depletion, prevent the loss of mature spines and dendritic arbors on direct pathway projection neurons (dSPNs) and normal motor behavior for up to 5 months. The primary motor cortex and midline thalamic nuclei provide the major excitatory connections to SPNs. Using ChR2-assisted circuit mapping to measure inputs from motor cortex M1 to dorsolateral dSPNs, we observed a dramatic reduction in both experimental model mice and controls following dopamine depletion. Changes in the intrinsic excitabilities of SPNs were also similar to controls following dopamine depletion. Future work will examine thalamic connections to dSPNs. The findings reported here reveal previously unappreciated plasticity mechanisms within the basal ganglia that can be leveraged to treat the motor symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A. Henry
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Daniel J. Headrick
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Zane Hamdan
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boschen SL, Seethaler J, Wang S, Lujan WD, Silvernail JL, Carter RE, Chang SY, Lujan JL. Midbrain dopaminergic degeneration differentially modulates primary motor cortex activity and motor behavior in hemi-parkinsonian rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4365911. [PMID: 38798359 PMCID: PMC11118689 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4365911/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by degeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, affecting motor control via complex changes in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic motor network, including the primary motor cortex (M1). The modulation of M1 neuronal activity by dopaminergic inputs, particularly from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), plays a crucial role in PD pathophysiology. This study investigates how nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration influences M1 neuronal activity in rats using in vivo calcium imaging. Histological analysis confirmed dopaminergic lesion severity, with high lesion level rats showing significant motor deficits. Levodopa treatment improved fine motor abilities, particularly in high lesion level rats. Analysis of M1 calcium signals based on dopaminergic lesion severity revealed distinct M1 activity patterns. Animals with low dopaminergic lesion showed increased calcium events, while high lesion level rats exhibited decreased activity, partially restored by levodopa. These findings suggest that M1 activity is more sensitive to transient fluctuations in dopaminergic transmission, rather than to chronic high or low dopaminergic signaling. This study underscores the complex interplay between dopaminergic signaling and M1 neuronal activity in PD symptoms development. Further research integrating behavioral and calcium imaging data can elucidate mechanisms underlying motor deficits and therapeutic responses in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaohua Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cherian S, Simms G, Chen L, Chu HY. Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Does Not Alter GABAergic Inhibition Mediated by Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in Mouse Primary Motor Cortex. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0010-24.2024. [PMID: 38658137 PMCID: PMC11082919 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0010-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates sensory and cognitive inputs to generate voluntary movement. Its functional impairments have been implicated in the pathophysiology of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Specifically, dopaminergic degeneration and basal ganglia dysfunction entrain M1 neurons into the abnormally synchronized bursting pattern of activity throughout the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. However, how degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons affects the anatomy, microcircuit connectivity, and function of the M1 network remains poorly understood. The present study examined whether and how the loss of dopamine (DA) affects the morphology, cellular excitability, and synaptic physiology of Layer 5 parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) cells in the M1 of mice of both sexes. Here, we reported that loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons does not alter the number, morphology, and physiology of Layer 5 PV+ cells in M1. Moreover, we demonstrated that the number of perisomatic PV+ puncta of M1 pyramidal neurons as well as their functional innervation of cortical pyramidal neurons were not altered following the loss of DA. Together, the present study documents an intact GABAergic inhibitory network formed by PV+ cells following the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Cherian
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Gabriel Simms
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liénard JF, Aubin L, Cos I, Girard B. Estimation of the transmission delays in the basal ganglia of the macaque monkey and subsequent predictions about oscillatory activity under dopamine depletion. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1657-1680. [PMID: 38414108 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The timescales of the dynamics of a system depend on the combination of the timescales of its components and of its transmission delays between components. Here, we combine experimental stimulation data from 10 studies in macaque monkeys that reveal the timing of excitatory and inhibitory events in the basal ganglia circuit, to estimate its set of transmission delays. In doing so, we reveal possible inconsistencies in the existing data, calling for replications, and we propose two possible sets of transmission delays. We then integrate these delays in a model of the primate basal ganglia that does not rely on direct and indirect pathways' segregation and show that extrastriatal dopaminergic depletion in the external part of the globus pallidus and in the subthalamic nucleus is sufficient to generate β-band oscillations (in the high part, 20-35 Hz, of the band). More specifically, we show that D2 and D5 dopamine receptors in these nuclei play opposing roles in the emergence of these oscillations, thereby explaining how completely deactivating D5 receptors in the subthalamic nucleus can, paradoxically, cancel oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Liénard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Lise Aubin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Ignasi Cos
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
- Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra-Hunter Fellow Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoît Girard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cox KM, Kase D, Znati T, Turner RS. Detecting rhythmic spiking through the power spectra of point process model residuals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.08.556120. [PMID: 38586036 PMCID: PMC10996479 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective Oscillations figure prominently as neurological disease hallmarks and neuromodulation targets. To detect oscillations in a neuron's spiking, one might attempt to seek peaks in the spike train's power spectral density (PSD) which exceed a flat baseline. Yet for a non-oscillating neuron, the PSD is not flat: The recovery period ("RP", the post-spike drop in spike probability, starting with the refractory period) introduces global spectral distortion. An established "shuffling" procedure corrects for RP distortion by removing the spectral component explained by the inter-spike interval (ISI) distribution. However, this procedure sacrifices oscillation-related information present in the ISIs, and therefore in the PSD. We asked whether point process models (PPMs) might achieve more selective RP distortion removal, thereby enabling improved oscillation detection. Approach In a novel "residuals" method, we first estimate the RP duration (nr) from the ISI distribution. We then fit the spike train with a PPM that predicts spike likelihood based on the time elapsed since the most recent of any spikes falling within the preceding nr milliseconds. Finally, we compute the PSD of the model's residuals. Main results We compared the residuals and shuffling methods' ability to enable accurate oscillation detection with flat baseline-assuming tests. Over synthetic data, the residuals method generally outperformed the shuffling method in classification of true- versus false-positive oscillatory power, principally due to enhanced sensitivity in sparse spike trains. In single-unit data from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and ventrolateral anterior thalamus (VLa) of a parkinsonian monkey -- in which alpha-beta oscillations (8-30 Hz) were anticipated -- the residuals method reported the greatest incidence of significant alpha-beta power, with low firing rates predicting residuals-selective oscillation detection. Significance These results encourage continued development of the residuals approach, to support more accurate oscillation detection. Improved identification of oscillations could promote improved disease models and therapeutic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M. Cox
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Kase
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
- Systems Neuroscience Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| | - Taieb Znati
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
- Systems Neuroscience Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Wang X, Li H, Shi L, Song N, Xie J. Updates on brain regions and neuronal circuits of movement disorders in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102097. [PMID: 38511877 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a global burden that affects more often in the elderly. The basal ganglia (BG) is believed to account for movement disorders in PD. More recently, new findings in the original regions in BG involved in motor control, as well as the new circuits or new nucleuses previously not specifically considered were explored. In the present review, we provide up-to-date information related to movement disorders and modulations in PD, especially from the perspectives of brain regions and neuronal circuits. Meanwhile, there are updates in deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other factors for the motor improvement in PD. Comprehensive understandings of brain regions and neuronal circuits involved in motor control could benefit the development of novel therapeutical strategies in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bologna M, Guerra A. Further insight into the role of primary motor cortex in bradykinesia pathophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 155:94-96. [PMID: 37679198 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Andrea Guerra
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Unit, Study Center on Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu X, Li L, Liu Y. Comparative motor effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in patients with Parkinson's disease: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34960. [PMID: 37773851 PMCID: PMC10545289 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are an effective alternative treatment option, their relative effects in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) remain undefined. Here, we aimed to compare motor efficacy of the NIBS techniques in PD. METHODS We carried out an electronic search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro and PsycINFO (accessed via Ovid) for articles published until August 2022. The treatment efficacy of motor function was quantified by the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale part III. RESULTS 28 randomized controlled trials with parallel group were included in the analysis, enrolling 1057 patients. In the "on" state, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HFrTMS) conferred better short-term and long-term efficacy compared to transcranial direct current stimulation. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve rank showed that HFrTMS combined with transcranial direct current stimulation and low-frequency TMS ranked first among PD in improving motor function. In the "off" state, there were no significant differences in most of the treatments, but surface under the cumulative ranking curve rank showed that continuous theta burst stimulation and low-frequency TMS had the highest short- and long-term effect in improving motor function. CONCLUSION HFrTMS is an effective intervention in improving motor function. Besides, its combination with another NIBS technique produces better therapeutic effects in the "on" state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Chunlizhengda Medical Instruments Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen L, Daniels S, Dvorak R, Chu HY. Reduced thalamic excitation to motor cortical pyramidal tract neurons in parkinsonism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3038. [PMID: 37611096 PMCID: PMC10446482 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons alters the connectivity and functionality of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in Parkinson's disease (PD). Particularly, the aberrant outputs of the primary motor cortex (M1) contribute to parkinsonian motor deficits. However, cortical adaptations at cellular and synaptic levels in parkinsonism remain poorly understood. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we found that DA degeneration induces cell subtype- and input-specific reduction of thalamic excitation to M1 pyramidal tract (PT) neurons. At molecular level, we identified that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a key role in mediating the reduced thalamocortical excitation to PT neurons. At circuit level, we showed that the reduced thalamocortical transmission in parkinsonian mice can be rescued by chemogenetically suppressing basal ganglia outputs. Together, our data suggest that cell subtype- and synapse-specific adaptations in M1 contribute to altered cortical outputs in parkinsonism and are important aspects of PD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Samuel Daniels
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Rachel Dvorak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Acosta-Mejia MT, Villalobos N. Neurophysiology of Brain Networks Underlies Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Basis for Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2394. [PMID: 37510138 PMCID: PMC10377975 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurodegenerative disorders. It is considered a movement disorder, although it is accepted that many nonmotor symptoms accompany the classic motor symptoms. PD exhibits heterogeneous and overlaying clinical symptoms, and the overlap of motor and nonmotor symptoms complicates the clinical diagnosis and management. Loss of modulation secondary to the absence of dopamine due to degeneration of the substantia nigra compacta produces changes in firing rates and patterns, oscillatory activity, and higher interneuronal synchronization in the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex and nigrovagal network involvement in motor and nonmotor symptoms. These neurophysiological changes can be monitored by electrophysiological assessment. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of neurophysiological changes, especially in the network oscillation in the beta-band level associated with parkinsonism, and to discuss the use of these methods to optimize the diagnosis and management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Teresa Acosta-Mejia
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción, Sn Agustin Tlaxiaca, Estado de Hidalgo 42160, Mexico
| | - Nelson Villalobos
- Academia de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico, Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun S, Wang X, Shi X, Fang H, Sun Y, Li M, Han H, He Q, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhu ZW, Chen F, Wang M. Neural pathway connectivity and discharge changes between M1 and STN in hemiparkinsonian rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:1-19. [PMID: 36878325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of electrophysiological activities, such as changed spike firing rates, reshaping the firing patterns, and aberrant frequency oscillations between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the primary motor cortex (M1), are thought to contribute to motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the alterations of electrophysiological characteristics of STN and M1 in PD are still unclear, especially under specific treadmill movement. To examine the relationship between electrophysiological activity in the STN-M1 pathway, extracellular spike trains and local field potential (LFPs) of STN and M1 were simultaneously recorded during resting and movement in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats. The results showed that the identified STN neurons and M1 neurons exhibited abnormal neuronal activity after dopamine loss. The dopamine depletion altered the LFP power in STN and M1 whatever in rest or movement states. Furthermore, the enhanced synchronization of LFP oscillations after dopamine loss was found in 12-35 Hz (beta frequencies) between the STN and M1 during rest and movement. In addition, STN neurons were phase-locked firing to M1 oscillations at 12-35 Hz during rest epochs in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. The dopamine depletion also impaired the anatomical connectivity between the M1 and STN by injecting anterograde neuroanatomical tracing virus into M1 in control and PD rats. Collectively, impairment of' electrophysiological activity and anatomical connectivity in the M1-STN pathway may be the basis for dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit, correlating with motor symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xiaoman Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Heyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Weifang Middle School, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhi Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88# Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bingham CS, Petersen MV, Parent M, McIntyre CC. Evolving characterization of the human hyperdirect pathway. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:353-365. [PMID: 36708394 PMCID: PMC10716731 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hyperdirect pathway (HDP) represents the main glutamatergic input to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), through which the motor and prefrontal cerebral cortex can modulate basal ganglia activity. Further, direct activation of the motor HDP is thought to be an important component of therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS), mediating the disruption of pathological oscillations. Alternatively, unintended recruitment of the prefrontal HDP may partly explain some cognitive side effects of DBS therapy. Previous work describing the HDP has focused on non-human primate (NHP) histological pathway tracings, diffusion-weighted MRI analysis of human white matter, and electrophysiology studies involving paired cortical recordings with DBS. However, none of these approaches alone yields a complete understanding of the complexities of the HDP. As such, we propose that generative modeling methods hold promise to bridge anatomy and physiology results, from both NHPs and humans, into a more detailed representation of the human HDP. Nonetheless, numerous features of the HDP remain to be experimentally described before model-based methods can simulate corticosubthalamic activity with a high degree of scientific detail. Therefore, the goals of this review are to examine the experimental evidence for HDP projections from across the primate neocortex and discuss new data which are required to improve the utility of anatomical and biophysical models of the human corticosubthalamic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moriyasu S, Shimizu T, Honda M, Ugawa Y, Hanajima R. Motor cortical plasticity and its correlation with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. eNeurologicalSci 2022; 29:100422. [PMID: 36097517 PMCID: PMC9463550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between abnormal cortical plasticity and parkinsonian symptoms remains unclear in Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective We studied the relationship between their symptoms and degree of Long-term potentiation (LTP)-like effects induced by quadripulse magnetic stimulation (QPS) over the primary motor cortex, which has a small inter-individual variability in humans. Methods Participants were 16 PD patients (drug-naïve or treated with L-DOPA monotherapy) and 13 healthy controls (HC). LTP-like effects by QPS were compared between three conditions (HC、PD with or without L-DOPA). In PD, correlation analyses were performed between clinical scores (MDS-UPDRS, MMSE and MoCA-J) and the degree of LTP-like effects induced by QPS. Results In PD, QPS-induced LTP-like effect was reduced and restored by L-DOPA. The degree of the LTP was negatively correlated with MDS-UPDRS Part I and III scores, but not with MMSE and MoCA-J. In the sub-scores, upper limb bradykinesia and rigidity showed a negative correlation with the LTP-like effect whereas the tremor had no correlation. Conclusions Our results suggest that motor cortical plasticity relate with mechanisms underlying bradykinesia and rigidity in the upper limb muscles. LTP induced by QPS may be used as an objective marker of parkinsonian symptoms. Quadripulse magnetic stimulation (QPS) was applied to early PD patients. L-DOPA restored QPS-induced LTP of the primary motor cortex in early PD patients. The degree of LTP was negatively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms. Upper limb bradykinesia and rigidity had a strong negative correlation with LTP.
Collapse
|
20
|
Martel AC, Galvan A. Connectivity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in normal and parkinsonian states: An update. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105878. [PMID: 36183947 PMCID: PMC9976706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum receives abundant glutamatergic afferents from the cortex and thalamus. These inputs play a major role in the functions of the striatal neurons in normal conditions, and are significantly altered in pathological states, such as Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the connectivity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways, with emphasis on the most recent advances in the field. We also discuss novel findings regarding structural changes in cortico- and thalamostriatal connections that occur in these connections as a consequence of striatal loss of dopamine in parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Martel
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parr-Brownlie LC, Itoga CA, Walters JR, Underwood CF. Oscillatory waveform sharpness asymmetry changes in motor thalamus and motor cortex in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114089. [PMID: 35461830 PMCID: PMC11345867 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes bursty and oscillatory activity in basal ganglia output that is thought to contribute to movement deficits through impact on motor thalamus and motor cortex (MCx). We examined the effect of dopamine loss on motor thalamus and motor cortex activity by recording neuronal and LFP activities in ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VAVL) thalamus and MCx in urethane-anesthetised control and parkinsonian rats. Dopamine lesion decreased the firing rate and increased the bursting of putative pyramidal neurons in layer V, but not layer VI, of the MCx without changing other aspects of firing pattern. In contrast, dopamine lesion did not affect VAVL firing rate, pattern or low threshold calcium spike bursts. Slow-wave (~1 Hz) oscillations in LFP recordings were analyzed with conventional power and waveform shape analyses. While dopamine lesion did not influence total power, it was consistently associated with an increase in oscillatory waveform sharpness asymmetry (i.e., sharper troughs vs. peaks) in both motor thalamus and MCx. Furthermore, we found that measures of sharpness asymmetry were positively correlated in paired motor thalamus-MCx recordings, and that correlation coefficients were larger in dopamine lesioned rats. These data support the idea that dysfunctional MCx activity in parkinsonism emerges from subsets of cell groups (e.g. layer V pyramidal neurons) and is evident in the shape but not absolute power of slow-wave oscillations. Hypoactive layer V pyramidal neuron firing in dopamine lesioned rats is unlikely to be driven by VAVL thalamus and may, therefore, reflect the loss of mesocortical dopaminergic afferents and/or changes in intrinsic excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35 Room 1C 903, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA.
| | - Christy A Itoga
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35 Room 1C 903, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA
| | - Judith R Walters
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35 Room 1C 903, Bethesda, MD 20892-3702, USA
| | - Conor F Underwood
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen R, Berardelli A, Bhattacharya A, Bologna M, Chen KHS, Fasano A, Helmich RC, Hutchison WD, Kamble N, Kühn AA, Macerollo A, Neumann WJ, Pal PK, Paparella G, Suppa A, Udupa K. Clinical neurophysiology of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2022; 7:201-227. [PMID: 35899019 PMCID: PMC9309229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders and focuses on Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. The pathophysiology of cardinal parkinsonian motor symptoms and myoclonus are reviewed. The recordings from microelectrode and deep brain stimulation electrodes are reported in detail.
This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders. It focuses on Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. The topics covered include the pathophysiology of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, balance and gait disturbance and myoclonus in Parkinson’s disease. The use of electroencephalography, electromyography, long latency reflexes, cutaneous silent period, studies of cortical excitability with single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation, studies of plasticity, intraoperative microelectrode recordings and recording of local field potentials from deep brain stimulation, and electrocorticography are also reviewed. In addition to advancing knowledge of pathophysiology, neurophysiological studies can be useful in refining the diagnosis, localization of surgical targets, and help to develop novel therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Amitabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rick C Helmich
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology and Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - William D Hutchison
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonella Macerollo
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wolf-Julian Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Kaviraja Udupa
- Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lai HJ, Deng CR, Wang RW, Lee LHN, Kuo CC. The genesis and functional consequences of cortico-subthalamic beta augmentation and excessive subthalamic burst discharges after dopaminergic deprivation. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114153. [PMID: 35752209 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cardinal electrophysiological signs in Parkinson's disease (PD) include augmented beta oscillations in the motor cortex-subthalamic nucleus (MC-STN) axis and excessive burst discharges in STN. We have shown that excessive STN burst discharges have a direct causal relation with the locomotor deficits in PD. To investigate the correlation between the two cardinal signs, we characterized the courses of development of the electrophysiological abnormalities in the hemiparkinsonian rat model. The loss of dopaminergic neurons develops fast, and is histologically completed within 4-7 days of the lesion. The increase in STN burst discharges is limited to the lesioned side, and follows a very similar course. In contrast, beta augmentation has a bilateral presentation, and requires 14-21 days for full development. Behaviorally, the gross locomotor deficits in open field test and limb akinesia in stepping test match the foregoing fast and slow time courses, respectively. A further look into the spike entrainment shows that the oscillations in local field potential (LFP) of the MC effectively entrain the multi-unit (MU) spikes of MC, STN and entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), a rat homolog of human globus pallidus interna (GPi), whereas the LFP of STN or EPN (GPi) cannot entrain the spikes in MC. We conclude that excessive STN burst discharges are a direct consequence, whereas beta augmentation is probably a secondary or adaptive changes in the cortico-subcortical re-entrant loops, to dopaminergic deprivation. Beta augmentation is therefore not so consistently present as excessive STN burst discharges, but could signal more delicate derangements at the level of cortical programming in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Jung Lai
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Rou Deng
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Wei Wang
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Nancy Lee
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan..
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li M, Zhang X, He Q, Chen D, Chen F, Wang X, Sun S, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhu Z, Fang H, Shi X, Yao X, Sun H, Wang M. Functional Interactions Between the Parafascicular Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Cortex Are Altered in Hemiparkinsonian Rat. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:800159. [PMID: 35677204 PMCID: PMC9168077 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by aberrant discharge patterns and exaggerated oscillatory activity within basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. We have previously observed substantial alterations in spike and local field potential (LFP) activities recorded in the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF) and motor cortex (M1), respectively, of hemiparkinsonian rats during rest or catching movements. This study explored whether the mutual effects of the PF and M1 depended on the amplitude and phase relationship in their identified neuron spikes or group rhythmic activities. Microwire electrode arrays were paired and implanted in the PF and M1 of rats with unilateral dopaminergic cell lesions. The results showed that the identified PF neurons exhibited aberrant cell type-selective firing rates and preferential and excessive phase-locked firing to cortical LFP oscillations mainly at 12–35 Hz (beta frequencies), consistent with the observation of identified M1 neurons with ongoing PF LFP oscillations. Experimental evidence also showed a decrease in phase-locking at 0.7–12 Hz and 35–70 Hz in the PF and M1 circuits in the hemiparkinsonian rats. Furthermore, anatomical evidence was provided for the existence of afferent and efferent bidirectional reciprocal connectivity pathways between the PF and M1 using an anterograde and retrograde neuroanatomical tracing virus. Collectively, our results suggested that multiple alterations may be present in regional anatomical and functional modes with which the PF and M1 interact, and that parkinsonism-associated changes in PF integrate M1 activity in a manner that varies with frequency, behavioral state, and integrity of the dopaminergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dadian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Heyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoman Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- School of Nursing, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Haiji Sun,
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Min Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alavi SM, Mirzaei A, Valizadeh A, Ebrahimpour R. Excitatory deep brain stimulation quenches beta oscillations arising in a computational model of the subthalamo-pallidal loop. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7845. [PMID: 35552409 PMCID: PMC9098470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with abnormal \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β band oscillations (13–30 Hz) in the cortico-basal ganglia circuits. Abnormally increased striato-pallidal inhibition and strengthening the synaptic coupling between subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus externa (GPe), due to the loss of dopamine, are considered as the potential sources of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β oscillations in the basal ganglia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia subregions is known as a way to reduce the pathological \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β oscillations and motor deficits related to PD. Despite the success of the DBS, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood and, there is controversy about the inhibitory or excitatory role of the DBS in the literature. Here, we utilized a computational network model of basal ganglia which consists of STN, GPe, globus pallidus interna, and thalamic neuronal population. This model can reproduce healthy and pathological \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β oscillations similar to what has been observed in experimental studies. Using this model, we investigated the effect of DBS to understand whether its effect is excitatory or inhibitory. Our results show that the excitatory DBS is able to quench the pathological synchrony and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β oscillations, while, applying inhibitory DBS failed to quench the PD signs. In light of simulation results, we conclude that the effect of the DBS on its target is excitatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Alavi
- Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.,School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Valizadeh
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advance Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.,School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ebrahimpour
- Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Origin of Abnormal Beta Oscillations in the Parkinsonian Corticobasal Ganglia Circuits. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:7524066. [PMID: 35251590 PMCID: PMC8896962 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7524066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exaggerated beta band (15–30 Hz) neuronal oscillations are widely observed in corticobasal ganglia (BG) circuits during parkinsonism. Abnormal beta oscillations have been linked to motor symptoms of PD, but their exact relationship is poorly understood. Nevertheless, reduction of beta oscillations can induce therapeutic effects in PD patients. While it is widely believed that the external globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are jointly responsible for abnormal rhythmogenesis in the parkinsonian BG, the role of other cortico-BG circuits cannot be ignored. To shed light on the origin of abnormal beta oscillations in PD, here we review changes of neuronal activity observed in experimental PD models and discuss how the cortex and different BG nuclei cooperate to generate and stabilize abnormal beta oscillations during parkinsonism. This may provide further insights into the complex relationship between abnormal beta oscillations and motor dysfunction in PD, which is crucial for potential target-specific therapeutic interventions in PD patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Striatal synaptic adaptations in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105686. [PMID: 35272023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is densely innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate acquisition and vigor of goal-directed actions and habits. This innervation is progressively lost in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to the defining movement deficits of the disease. Although boosting dopaminergic signaling with levodopa early in the course of the disease alleviates these deficits, later this strategy leads to the emergence of debilitating dyskinesia. Here, recent advances in our understanding of how striatal cells and circuits adapt to this progressive de-innervation and to levodopa therapy are discussed. First, we discuss how dopamine (DA) depletion triggers cell type-specific, homeostatic changes in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) that tend to normalize striatal activity but also lead to disruption of the synaptic architecture sculpted by experience. Second, we discuss the roles played by cholinergic and nitric oxide-releasing interneurons in these adaptations. Third, we examine recent work in freely moving mice suggesting that alterations in the spatiotemporal dynamics of striatal ensembles contributes to PD movement deficits. Lastly, we discuss recently published evidence from a progressive model of PD suggesting that contrary to the classical model, striatal pathway imbalance is necessary but not sufficient to produce frank parkinsonism.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cousineau J, Plateau V, Baufreton J, Le Bon-Jégo M. Dopaminergic modulation of primary motor cortex: From cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying motor learning to cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105674. [PMID: 35245676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones, but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute dexterous movements requires dopamine-dependent and -independent plasticity mechanisms within M1. In addition to the basal ganglia, M1 is disturbed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how the lack of dopamine (DA), characteristic of PD, directly or indirectly impacts M1 circuitry. Here we review data from studies of PD patients and the substantial research in non-human primate and rodent models of DA depletion. These models enable us to understand the importance of DA in M1 physiology at the behavioral, network, cellular, and synaptic levels. We first summarize M1 functions and neuronal populations in mammals. We then look at the origin of M1 DA and the cellular location of its receptors and explore the impact of DA loss on M1 physiology, motor, and executive functions. Finally, we discuss how PD treatments impact M1 functions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Leodori G, De Bartolo MI, Guerra A, Fabbrini A, Rocchi L, Latorre A, Paparella G, Belvisi D, Conte A, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC, Berardelli A. Motor Cortical Network Excitability in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:734-744. [PMID: 35001420 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects changes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit converging on the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Previous studies assessed M1 excitability in PD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electromyographic activity. TMS-evoked electroencephalographic activity may unveil broader motor cortical network changes in PD. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess motor cortical network excitability in PD. METHODS We compared TMS-evoked cortical potentials (TEPs) from M1 and the pre-SMA between 20 PD patients tested off and on medication and 19 healthy controls (HCs) and investigated possible correlations with bradykinesia. RESULTS Off PD patients compared to HCs had smaller P30 responses from the M1s contralateral (M1+) and ipsilateral (M1-) to the most bradykinetic side and increased pre-SMA N40. Dopaminergic therapy normalized the amplitude of M1+ and M1- P30 as well as pre-SMA N40. We found a positive correlation between M1+ P30 amplitude and bradykinesia in off PD patients. CONCLUSIONS Changes in M1 P30 and pre-SMA N40 in PD suggest that M1 excitability is reduced on both sides, whereas pre-SMA excitability is increased. The effect of dopaminergic therapy and the clinical correlation suggest that these cortical changes may reflect abnormal basal ganglia-thalamocortical activity. TMS electroencephalography provides novel insight into motor cortical network changes related to the pathophysiology of PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee LHN, Huang CS, Chuang HH, Lai HJ, Yang CK, Yang YC, Kuo CC. An electrophysiological perspective on Parkinson's disease: symptomatic pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:85. [PMID: 34886870 PMCID: PMC8656091 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), or paralysis agitans, is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic deprivation in the basal ganglia because of neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Clinically, PD apparently involves both hypokinetic (e.g. akinetic rigidity) and hyperkinetic (e.g. tremor/propulsion) symptoms. The symptomatic pathogenesis, however, has remained elusive. The recent success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy applied to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus pars internus indicates that there are essential electrophysiological abnormalities in PD. Consistently, dopamine-deprived STN shows excessive burst discharges. This proves to be a central pathophysiological element causally linked to the locomotor deficits in PD, as maneuvers (such as DBS of different polarities) decreasing and increasing STN burst discharges would decrease and increase the locomotor deficits, respectively. STN bursts are not so autonomous but show a "relay" feature, requiring glutamatergic synaptic inputs from the motor cortex (MC) to develop. In PD, there is an increase in overall MC activities and the corticosubthalamic input is enhanced and contributory to excessive burst discharges in STN. The increase in MC activities may be relevant to the enhanced beta power in local field potentials (LFP) as well as the deranged motor programming at the cortical level in PD. Moreover, MC could not only drive erroneous STN bursts, but also be driven by STN discharges at specific LFP frequencies (~ 4 to 6 Hz) to produce coherent tremulous muscle contractions. In essence, PD may be viewed as a disorder with deranged rhythms in the cortico-subcortical re-entrant loops, manifestly including STN, the major component of the oscillating core, and MC, the origin of the final common descending motor pathways. The configurations of the deranged rhythms may play a determinant role in the symptomatic pathogenesis of PD, and provide insight into the mechanism underlying normal motor control. Therapeutic brain stimulation for PD and relevant disorders should be adaptively exercised with in-depth pathophysiological considerations for each individual patient, and aim at a final normalization of cortical discharge patterns for the best ameliorating effect on the locomotor and even non-motor symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Nancy Lee
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Syuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jung Lai
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital, Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pasquereau B, Drui G, Saga Y, Richard A, Millot M, Météreau E, Sgambato V, Tobler PN, Tremblay L. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment retunes emotional valence in primate ventral striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2073-2082. [PMID: 33692476 PMCID: PMC8505611 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat psychiatric disorders with affective biases such as depression and anxiety. How SSRIs exert a beneficial action on emotions associated with life events is still unknown. Here we ask whether and how the effectiveness of the SSRI fluoxetine is underpinned by neural mechanisms in the ventral striatum. To address these issues, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the ventral striatum of monkeys during an approach-avoidance task in which the valence assigned to sensory stimuli was manipulated. Neural responses to positive and negative events were measured before and during a 4-week treatment with fluoxetine. We conducted PET scans to confirm that fluoxetine binds within the ventral striatum at a therapeutic dose. In our monkeys, fluoxetine facilitated approach of rewards and avoidance of punishments. These beneficial effects were associated with changes in tonic and phasic activities of striatal neurons. Fluoxetine increased the spontaneous firing rate of striatal neurons and amplified the number of cells responding to rewards versus punishments, reflecting a drug-induced positive shift in the processing of emotionally valenced information. These findings reveal how SSRI treatment affects ventral striatum neurons encoding positive and negative valence and striatal signaling of emotional information. In addition to a key role in appetitive processing, our results shed light on the involvement of the ventral striatum in aversive processing. Together, the ventral striatum appears to play a central role in the action of SSRIs on emotion processing biases commonly observed in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France. .,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Guillaume Drui
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yosuke Saga
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Augustin Richard
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathilde Millot
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe N. Tobler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Léon Tremblay
- grid.465537.6Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bron Cedex, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Magnusson JL, Leventhal DK. Revisiting the "Paradox of Stereotaxic Surgery": Insights Into Basal Ganglia-Thalamic Interactions. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:725876. [PMID: 34512279 PMCID: PMC8429495 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.725876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia dysfunction is implicated in movement disorders including Parkinson Disease, dystonia, and choreiform disorders. Contradicting standard "rate models" of basal ganglia-thalamic interactions, internal pallidotomy improves both hypo- and hyper-kinetic movement disorders. This "paradox of stereotaxic surgery" was recognized shortly after rate models were developed, and is underscored by the outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. Despite strong evidence that DBS activates local axons, the clinical effects of lesions and DBS are nearly identical. These observations argue against standard models in which GABAergic basal ganglia output gates thalamic activity, and raise the question of how lesions and stimulation can have similar effects. These paradoxes may be resolved by considering thalamocortical loops as primary drivers of motor output. Rather than suppressing or releasing cortex via motor thalamus, the basal ganglia may modulate the timing of thalamic perturbations to cortical activity. Motor cortex exhibits rotational dynamics during movement, allowing the same thalamocortical perturbation to affect motor output differently depending on its timing with respect to the rotational cycle. We review classic and recent studies of basal ganglia, thalamic, and cortical physiology to propose a revised model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical function with implications for basic physiology and neuromodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel K Leventhal
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Parkinson Disease Foundation Research Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams E, Payeur A, Gidon A, Naud R. Neural burst codes disguised as rate codes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15910. [PMID: 34354118 PMCID: PMC8342467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The burst coding hypothesis posits that the occurrence of sudden high-frequency patterns of action potentials constitutes a salient syllable of the neural code. Many neurons, however, do not produce clearly demarcated bursts, an observation invoked to rule out the pervasiveness of this coding scheme across brain areas and cell types. Here we ask how detrimental ambiguous spike patterns, those that are neither clearly bursts nor isolated spikes, are for neuronal information transfer. We addressed this question using information theory and computational simulations. By quantifying how information transmission depends on firing statistics, we found that the information transmitted is not strongly influenced by the presence of clearly demarcated modes in the interspike interval distribution, a feature often used to identify the presence of burst coding. Instead, we found that neurons having unimodal interval distributions were still able to ascribe different meanings to bursts and isolated spikes. In this regime, information transmission depends on dynamical properties of the synapses as well as the length and relative frequency of bursts. Furthermore, we found that common metrics used to quantify burstiness were unable to predict the degree with which bursts could be used to carry information. Our results provide guiding principles for the implementation of coding strategies based on spike-timing patterns, and show that even unimodal firing statistics can be consistent with a bivariate neural code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Williams
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Alexandre Payeur
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Albert Gidon
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Naud
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen L, Daniels S, Kim Y, Chu HY. Cell Type-Specific Decrease of the Intrinsic Excitability of Motor Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Parkinsonism. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5553-5565. [PMID: 34006589 PMCID: PMC8221604 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2694-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypokinetic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are closely linked with a decreased motor cortical output as a consequence of elevated basal ganglia inhibition. However, whether and how the loss of dopamine (DA) alters the cellular properties of motor cortical neurons in PD remains undefined. We induced parkinsonism in adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes by injecting neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), into the medial forebrain bundle. By using ex vivo patch-clamp recording and retrograde tracing approach, we found that the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in the primary motor cortical (M1) layer (L)5b was greatly decreased in parkinsonism; but the intratelencephalic neurons (ITNs) were not affected. The cell type-specific intrinsic adaptations were associated with a depolarized threshold and broadened width of action potentials (APs) in PTNs. Moreover, the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impaired the capability of M1 PTNs to sustain high-frequency firing, which could underlie their abnormal pattern of activity in the parkinsonian state. We also showed that the decreased excitability in parkinsonism was caused by an impaired function of both persistent sodium channels and the large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Acute activation of dopaminergic receptors failed to rescue the impaired intrinsic excitability of M1 PTNs in parkinsonian mice. Altogether, our data demonstrated a cell type-specific decrease of the excitability of M1 pyramidal neurons in parkinsonism. Thus, intrinsic adaptations in the motor cortex provide novel insight in our understanding of the pathophysiology of motor deficits in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) remodels the connectivity and function of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. However, whether and how dopaminergic degeneration and the associated basal ganglia dysfunction alter motor cortical circuitry remain undefined. We found that pyramidal neurons in the layer (L)5b of the primary motor cortex (M1) exhibit distinct adaptations in response to the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, depending on their long-range projections. Besides the decreased thalamocortical synaptic excitation as proposed by the classical model of Parkinson's pathophysiology, these results, for the first time, show novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal motor cortical output in parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Samuel Daniels
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shi K, Liu X, Hou L, Qiao D, Peng Y. Exercise Improves Movement by Regulating the Plasticity of Cortical Function in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695108. [PMID: 34194319 PMCID: PMC8236842 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cortical spike-local field potential (LFP) coupling leads to abnormal basal ganglia activity, disruption of cortical function, and impaired movement in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, the primary motor cortex mediated plasticity mechanism underlying behavioral improvement by exercise intervention was investigated. Exercise alleviates motor dysfunction and induces neuroplasticity in PD. In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Two weeks later, a 4-week exercise intervention was initiated in the PD + exercise (Ex) group. Multichannel recording technology recorded spikes and LFPs in rat motor cortices, and balanced ability tests evaluated behavioral performance. The balanced ability test showed that the total crossing time/front leg error/input latency time was significantly lower in PD + Ex rats than in PD rats (P < 0.05). Scalograms and LFP power spectra indicated increased beta-range LFP power in lesioned hemispheres, with exercise reducing LFP power spectral density. Spike-triggered LFP waveform averages showed strong phase-locking in PD motor cortex cells, and exercise reduced spike-LFP synchronization. Our results suggest that exercise can suppress overexcitability of LFPs and minimize spike-LFP synchronization in the motor cortex, leading to motor-improving effects in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Shi
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Qiao
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Villalba RM, Behnke JA, Pare JF, Smith Y. Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3408-3425. [PMID: 33676368 PMCID: PMC8599722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II-III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II-III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II-III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li M, Wang X, Yao X, Wang X, Chen F, Zhang X, Sun S, He F, Jia Q, Guo M, Chen D, Sun Y, Li Y, He Q, Zhu Z, Wang M. Roles of Motor Cortex Neuron Classes in Reach-Related Modulation for Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645849. [PMID: 33986639 PMCID: PMC8111217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the function of the primary motor cortex (M1) is thought to play a critical role in motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Detailed information regarding the specific aspects of M1 circuits that become abnormal is lacking. We recorded single units and local field potentials (LFPs) of M1 neurons in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion rats and control rats to assess the impact of dopamine (DA) cell loss during rest and a forelimb reaching task. Our results indicated that M1 neurons can be classified into two groups (putative pyramidal neurons and putative interneurons) and that 6-OHDA could modify the activity of different M1 subpopulations to a large extent. Reduced activation of putative pyramidal neurons during inattentive rest and reaching was observed. In addition, 6-OHDA intoxication was associated with an increase in certain LFP frequencies, especially those in the beta range (broadly defined here as any frequency between 12 and 35 Hz), which become pathologically exaggerated throughout cortico-basal ganglia circuits after dopamine depletion. Furthermore, assessment of different spike-LFP coupling parameters revealed that the putative pyramidal neurons were particularly prone to being phase-locked to ongoing cortical oscillations at 12-35 Hz during reaching. Conversely, putative interneurons were neither hypoactive nor synchronized to ongoing cortical oscillations. These data collectively demonstrate a neuron type-selective alteration in the M1 in hemiparkinsonian rats. These alterations hamper the ability of the M1 to contribute to motor conduction and are likely some of the main contributors to motor impairments in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- School of Nursing, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- The First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medicine University, Jinan, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of International Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengnan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dadian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gong R, Wegscheider M, Mühlberg C, Gast R, Fricke C, Rumpf JJ, Nikulin VV, Knösche TR, Classen J. Spatiotemporal features of β-γ phase-amplitude coupling in Parkinson's disease derived from scalp EEG. Brain 2021; 144:487-503. [PMID: 33257940 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal phase-amplitude coupling between β and broadband-γ activities has been identified in recordings from the cortex or scalp of patients with Parkinson's disease. While enhanced phase-amplitude coupling has been proposed as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the abnormal coupling and its relationship to motor impairments in Parkinson's disease remain unclear. To address these issues, we performed an in-depth analysis of high-density EEG recordings at rest in 19 patients with Parkinson's disease and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. EEG signals were projected onto the individual cortical surfaces using source reconstruction techniques and separated into spatiotemporal components using independent component analysis. Compared to healthy controls, phase-amplitude coupling of Parkinson's disease patients was enhanced in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex, the difference being statistically significant in the hemisphere contralateral to the clinically more affected side. β and γ signals involved in generating abnormal phase-amplitude coupling were not strictly phase-phase coupled, ruling out that phase-amplitude coupling merely reflects the abnormal activity of a single oscillator in a recurrent network. We found important differences for couplings between the β and γ signals from identical components as opposed to those from different components (originating from distinct spatial locations). While both couplings were abnormally enhanced in patients, only the latter were correlated with clinical motor severity as indexed by part III of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Correlations with parkinsonian motor symptoms of such inter-component couplings were found in premotor, primary motor and somatosensory cortex, but not in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, suggesting motor domain specificity. The topography of phase-amplitude coupling demonstrated profound differences in patients compared to controls. These findings suggest, first, that enhanced phase-amplitude coupling in Parkinson's disease patients originates from the coupling between distinct neural networks in several brain regions involved in motor control. Because these regions included the somatosensory cortex, abnormal phase-amplitude coupling is not exclusively tied to the hyperdirect tract connecting cortical regions monosynaptically with the subthalamic nucleus. Second, only the coupling between β and γ signals from different components appears to have pathophysiological significance, suggesting that therapeutic approaches breaking the abnormal lateral coupling between neuronal circuits may be more promising than targeting phase-amplitude coupling per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Gong
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Method and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirko Wegscheider
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Mühlberg
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Gast
- Method and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Fricke
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost-Julian Rumpf
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Research Group Neural Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas R Knösche
- Method and Development Group Brain Networks, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aeed F, Cermak N, Schiller J, Schiller Y. Intrinsic Disruption of the M1 Cortical Network in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1565-1577. [PMID: 33606292 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts motor performance by affecting the basal ganglia system. Yet, despite the critical position of the primary motor cortex in linking basal ganglia computations with motor performance, its contribution to motor disability in PD is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of the primary motor cortex in PD-related motor disability. METHODS Two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetic stimulation of primary motor cortex neurons was done during performance of a dexterous reach-to-grasp motor task in control and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD mice. RESULTS Experimental PD disrupted performance of the reach-to-grasp motor task and especially initiation of the task, which was partially restored by optogenetic activation of the primary motor cortex. Two-photon calcium imaging during task performance revealed experimental-PD affected the primary motor cortex in a cell-type-specific manner. It suppressed activation of output layer 5 pyramidal tract neurons, with greater effects on freeze versus nonfreeze trials. In contrast, it did not attenuate the initial movement-related activation response of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons while diminishing the late inhibitory phase of their response. At the network level, experimental PD disrupted movement-related population dynamics of the layer 5 pyramidal tract network while almost not affecting the dynamics of the layer 2/3 neuronal population. It also disrupted short- and long-term robustness and stability of the pyramidal tract subnetwork, with reduced intertrial temporal accuracy and diminished reproducibility of motor parameter encoding and temporal recruitment of the output pyramidal tract neurons over repeated daily sessions. CONCLUSIONS Experimental PD disrupts both external driving and intrinsic properties of the primary motor cortex. Motor disability in experimental PD results primarily from the inability to generate robust and stable output motor sequences in the parkinsonian primary motor cortex output layer 5 pyramidal tract subnetwork. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Aeed
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nathan Cermak
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jackie Schiller
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Schiller
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Changes in corticomotor pathway excitability after exercise training in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3375-3381. [PMID: 33411200 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered corticospinal excitability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to many of the motor signs. OBJECTIVE We examined whether the recruitment properties of the corticospinal pathway to hand muscles are changed after 8 weeks of specialized upper limbs exercise in PD. METHODS Seven PD subjects were enrolled. Upper limb exercise was achieved by using a specially designed device. The input-output (I-O) curves were obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The conduction of peripheral axons and H reflex was also recorded. UPDRS scale, part-III motor examination was used to assess the motor symptom. Clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained before and after 2-month exercise training. RESULTS After 2-month exercise training, the UPDRS score was significantly improved. Threshold, slope, and V50 (i.e., the stimulus intensity required to obtain a response 50% of the maximum) of the I-O curve were unchanged, whereas the plateau value was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training affects the larger motoneurons, that is those activated at higher TMS stimulation intensity. These motoneurones are related to the large, type II motor units. Clinical improvement after exercise may depend upon restoration of the recruitment of the large motor unit, i.e., those necessary to perform rapid and strong movements, known to be deficient in PD.
Collapse
|
41
|
Primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease: Functional changes and opportunities for neurostimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105159. [PMID: 33152506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement abnormalities of Parkinson's disease (PD) arise from disordered neural activity in multiple interconnected brain structures. The planning and execution of movement requires recruitment of a heterogeneous collection of pyramidal projection neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). The neural representations of movement in M1 single-cell and field potential recordings are directly and indirectly influenced by the midbrain dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in PD. This review examines M1 functional alterations in PD as uncovered by electrophysiological recordings and neurostimulation studies in patients and experimental animal models. Dysfunction of the parkinsonian M1 depends on the severity and/or duration of dopamine-depletion and the species examined, and is expressed as alterations in movement-related firing dynamics; functional reorganisation of local circuits; and changes in field potential beta oscillations. Neurostimulation methods that modulate M1 activity directly (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) or indirectly (subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation) improve motor function in PD patients, showing that targeted neuromodulation of M1 is a realistic therapy. We argue that the therapeutic profile of M1 neurostimulation is likely to be greatly enhanced with alternative technologies that permit cell-type specific control and incorporate feedback from electrophysiological biomarkers measured locally.
Collapse
|
42
|
Baaske MK, Kormann E, Holt AB, Gulberti A, McNamara CG, Pötter-Nerger M, Westphal M, Engel AK, Hamel W, Brown P, Moll CKE, Sharott A. Parkinson's disease uncovers an underlying sensitivity of subthalamic nucleus neurons to beta-frequency cortical input in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105119. [PMID: 32991998 PMCID: PMC7710979 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally sustained beta-frequency synchronisation between the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is currently unclear whether STN neurons have a preference for beta-frequency input (12-35 Hz), rather than cortical input at other frequencies, and how such a preference would arise following dopamine depletion. To address this question, we combined analysis of cortical and STN recordings from awake human PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery with recordings of identified STN neurons in anaesthetised rats. In these patients, we demonstrate that a subset of putative STN neurons is strongly and selectively sensitive to magnitude fluctuations of cortical beta oscillations over time, linearly increasing their phase-locking strength with respect to the full range of instantaneous amplitude in the beta-frequency range. In rats, we probed the frequency response of STN neurons in the cortico-basal-ganglia-network more precisely, by recording spikes evoked by short bursts of cortical stimulation with variable frequency (4-40 Hz) and constant amplitude. In both healthy and dopamine-depleted rats, only beta-frequency stimulation led to a progressive reduction in the variability of spike timing through the stimulation train. This suggests, that the interval of beta-frequency input provides an optimal window for eliciting the next spike with high fidelity. We hypothesize, that abnormal activation of the indirect pathway, via dopamine depletion and/or cortical stimulation, could trigger an underlying sensitivity of the STN microcircuit to beta-frequency input. STN-neurons are selectively entrained to cortical beta oscillations in PD patients. Phase-locking of STN-neurons is linearly dependent on oscillation magnitude. Beta bursts in LFP/EEG are accompanied by transient synchronisation of STN spiking. STN neurons are selectively entrained to cortical beta stimulation in rats. Beta-selectivity of STN neurons is present in control and dopamine-depleted rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Baaske
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eszter Kormann
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Abbey B Holt
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Colin G McNamara
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brown
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maith O, Villagrasa Escudero F, Dinkelbach HÜ, Baladron J, Horn A, Irmen F, Kühn AA, Hamker FH. A computational model‐based analysis of basal ganglia pathway changes in Parkinson’s disease inferred from resting‐state fMRI. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2278-2295. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Maith
- Department of Computer Science Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
| | | | - Helge Ülo Dinkelbach
- Department of Computer Science Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
| | - Javier Baladron
- Department of Computer Science Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology Charité–University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Friederike Irmen
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology Charité–University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea A. Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology Charité–University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Fred H. Hamker
- Department of Computer Science Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
McColgan P, Joubert J, Tabrizi SJ, Rees G. The human motor cortex microcircuit: insights for neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:401-415. [PMID: 32555340 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human motor cortex comprises a microcircuit of five interconnected layers with different cell types. In this Review, we use a layer-specific and cell-specific approach to integrate physiological accounts of this motor cortex microcircuit with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases affecting motor functions. In doing so we can begin to link motor microcircuit pathology to specific disease stages and clinical phenotypes. Based on microcircuit physiology, we can make future predictions of axonal loss and microcircuit dysfunction. With recent advances in high-resolution neuroimaging we can then test these predictions in humans in vivo, providing mechanistic insights into neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter McColgan
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Julie Joubert
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen K, Vincis R, Fontanini A. Disruption of Cortical Dopaminergic Modulation Impairs Preparatory Activity and Delays Licking Initiation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1802-1815. [PMID: 30721984 PMCID: PMC6418393 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of motor cortices is thought to contribute to motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known on the link between cortical dopaminergic loss, abnormalities in motor cortex neural activity and motor deficits. We address the role of dopamine in modulating motor cortical activity by focusing on the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) of mice performing a cued-licking task. We first demonstrate licking deficits and concurrent alterations of spiking activity in ALM of head-fixed mice with unilateral depletion of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., mice injected with 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle). Hemilesioned mice displayed delayed licking initiation, shorter duration of licking bouts, and lateral deviation of tongue protrusions. In parallel with these motor deficits, we observed a reduction in the prevalence of cue responsive neurons and altered preparatory activity. Acute and local blockade of D1 receptors in ALM recapitulated some of the key behavioral and neural deficits observed in hemilesioned mice. Altogether, our data show a direct relationship between cortical D1 receptor modulation, cue-evoked, and preparatory activity in ALM, and licking initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Vincis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Menardy F, Varani AP, Combes A, Léna C, Popa D. Functional Alteration of Cerebello-Cerebral Coupling in an Experimental Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1752-1766. [PMID: 30715237 PMCID: PMC6418382 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons is consistently associated with modified metabolic activity in the cerebellum. Here we examined the functional reorganization taking place in the cerebello-cerebral circuit in a murine model of Parkinson's disease with 6-OHDA lesion of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Cerebellar optogenetic stimulations evoked similar movements in control and lesioned mice, suggesting a normal coupling of cerebellum to the motor effectors after the lesion. In freely moving animals, the firing rate in the primary motor cortex was decreased after the lesion, while cerebellar nuclei neurons showed an increased firing rate. This increase may result from reduced inhibitory Purkinje cells inputs, since a population of slow and irregular Purkinje cells was observed in the cerebellar hemispheres of lesioned animals. Moreover, cerebellar stimulations generated smaller electrocortical responses in the motor cortex of lesioned animals suggesting a weaker cerebello-cerebral coupling. Overall these results indicate the presence of functional changes in the cerebello-cerebral circuit, but their ability to correct cortical dysfunction may be limited due to functional uncoupling between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Menardy
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Pablo Varani
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Combes
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Clément Léna
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Popa
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bologna M, Paparella G, Fasano A, Hallett M, Berardelli A. Evolving concepts on bradykinesia. Brain 2020; 143:727-750. [PMID: 31834375 PMCID: PMC8205506 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinesia is one of the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonisms. The various clinical aspects related to bradykinesia and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bradykinesia are, however, still unclear. In this article, we review clinical and experimental studies on bradykinesia performed in patients with Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism. We also review studies on animal experiments dealing with pathophysiological aspects of the parkinsonian state. In Parkinson's disease, bradykinesia is characterized by slowness, the reduced amplitude of movement, and sequence effect. These features are also present in atypical parkinsonisms, but the sequence effect is not common. Levodopa therapy improves bradykinesia, but treatment variably affects the bradykinesia features and does not significantly modify the sequence effect. Findings from animal and patients demonstrate the role of the basal ganglia and other interconnected structures, such as the primary motor cortex and cerebellum, as well as the contribution of abnormal sensorimotor processing. Bradykinesia should be interpreted as arising from network dysfunction. A better understanding of bradykinesia pathophysiology will serve as the new starting point for clinical and experimental purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Darbin O, Hatanaka N, Takara S, Kaneko N, Chiken S, Naritoku D, Martino A, Nambu A. Parkinsonism Differently Affects the Single Neuronal Activity in the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas in Monkeys: An Investigation in Linear and Nonlinear Domains. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050010. [PMID: 32019380 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The changes in neuronal firing activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) were compared in monkeys rendered parkinsonian by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The neuronal dynamic was characterized using mathematical tools defined in different frameworks (rate, oscillations or complex patterns). Then, and for each cortical area, multivariate and discriminate analyses were further performed on these features to identify those important to differentiate between the normal and the pathological neuronal activity. Our results show a different order in the importance of the features to discriminate the pathological state in each cortical area which suggests that the M1 and the SMA exhibit dissimilarities in their neuronal alterations induced by parkinsonism. Our findings highlight the need for multiple mathematical frameworks to best characterize the pathological neuronal activity related to parkinsonism. Future translational studies are warranted to investigate the causal relationships between cortical region-specificities, dominant pathological hallmarks and symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Darbin
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hatanaka
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Sayuki Takara
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kaneko
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Satomi Chiken
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Dean Naritoku
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Anthony Martino
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abecassis ZA, Berceau BL, Win PH, García D, Xenias HS, Cui Q, Pamukcu A, Cherian S, Hernández VM, Chon U, Lim BK, Kim Y, Justice NJ, Awatramani R, Hooks BM, Gerfen CR, Boca SM, Chan CS. Npas1 +-Nkx2.1 + Neurons Are an Integral Part of the Cortico-pallido-cortical Loop. J Neurosci 2020; 40:743-768. [PMID: 31811030 PMCID: PMC6975296 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1199-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the basal ganglia circuit, the external globus pallidus (GPe) is critically involved in motor control. Aside from Foxp2+ neurons and ChAT+ neurons that have been established as unique neuron types, there is little consensus on the classification of GPe neurons. Properties of the remaining neuron types are poorly defined. In this study, we leverage new mouse lines, viral tools, and molecular markers to better define GPe neuron subtypes. We found that Sox6 represents a novel, defining marker for GPe neuron subtypes. Lhx6+ neurons that lack the expression of Sox6 were devoid of both parvalbumin and Npas1. This result confirms previous assertions of the existence of a unique Lhx6+ population. Neurons that arise from the Dbx1+ lineage were similarly abundant in the GPe and displayed a heterogeneous makeup. Importantly, tracing experiments revealed that Npas1+-Nkx2.1+ neurons represent the principal noncholinergic, cortically-projecting neurons. In other words, they form the pallido-cortical arm of the cortico-pallido-cortical loop. Our data further show that pyramidal-tract neurons in the cortex collateralized within the GPe, forming a closed-loop system between the two brain structures. Overall, our findings reconcile some of the discrepancies that arose from differences in techniques or the reliance on preexisting tools. Although spatial distribution and electrophysiological properties of GPe neurons reaffirm the diversification of GPe subtypes, statistical analyses strongly support the notion that these neuron subtypes can be categorized under the two principal neuron classes: PV+ neurons and Npas1+ neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The poor understanding of the neuronal composition in the external globus pallidus (GPe) undermines our ability to interrogate its precise behavioral and disease involvements. In this study, 12 different genetic crosses were used, hundreds of neurons were electrophysiologically characterized, and >100,000 neurons were histologically- and/or anatomically-profiled. Our current study further establishes the segregation of GPe neuron classes and illustrates the complexity of GPe neurons in adult mice. Our results support the idea that Npas1+-Nkx2.1+ neurons are a distinct GPe neuron subclass. By providing a detailed analysis of the organization of the cortico-pallidal-cortical projection, our findings establish the cellular and circuit substrates that can be important for motor function and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Abecassis
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brianna L Berceau
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phyo H Win
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniela García
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harry S Xenias
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arin Pamukcu
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suraj Cherian
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vivian M Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J Justice
- Center for Metabolic and degenerative disease, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Raj Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Simina M Boca
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hyland BI, Seeger-Armbruster S, Smither RA, Parr-Brownlie LC. Altered Recruitment of Motor Cortex Neuronal Activity During the Grasping Phase of Skilled Reaching in a Chronic Rat Model of Unilateral Parkinsonism. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9660-9672. [PMID: 31641050 PMCID: PMC6880456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0720-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease causes prominent difficulties in the generation and execution of voluntary limb movements, including regulation of distal muscles and coordination of proximal and distal movement components to achieve accurate grasping. Difficulties with manual dexterity have a major impact on activities of daily living. We used extracellular single neuron recordings to investigate the neural underpinnings of parkinsonian movement deficits in the motor cortex of chronic unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion male rats performing a skilled reach-to-grasp task the. Both normal movements and parkinsonian deficits in this task have striking homology to human performance. In lesioned animals there were several differences in the activity of cortical neurons during reaches by the affected limb compared with control rats. These included an increase in proportions of neurons showing rate decreases, along with increased amplitude of their average rate-decrease response at specific times during the reach, suggesting a shift in the balance of net excitation and inhibition of cortical neurons; a significant increase in the duration of rate-increase responses, which could result from reduced coupling of cortical activity to specific movement components; and changes in the timing and incidence of neurons with pure rate-increase or biphasic responses, particularly at the end of reach when grasping would normally be occurring. The changes in cortical activity may account for the deficits that occur in skilled distal motor control following dopamine depletion, and highlight the need for treatment strategies targeted toward modulating cortical mechanisms for fine distal motor control in patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show for the first time in a chronic lesion rat model of Parkinson's disease movement deficits that there are specific changes in motor cortex neuron activity associated with the grasping phase of a skilled motor task. Such changes provide a possible mechanism underpinning the problems with manual dexterity seen in Parkinson's patients and highlight the need for treatment strategies targeted toward distal motor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roseanna A Smither
- Department of Physiology and
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and the Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence
| | - Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and the Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence
| |
Collapse
|