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Phillips JS, Robinson JL, Cousins KAQ, Wolk DA, Lee EB, McMillan CT, Trojanowski JQ, Grossman M, Irwin DJ. Polypathologic Associations with Gray Matter Atrophy in Neurodegenerative Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0808232023. [PMID: 38050082 PMCID: PMC10860605 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0808-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed pathologies are common in neurodegenerative disease; however, antemortem imaging rarely captures copathologic effects on brain atrophy due to a lack of validated biomarkers for non-Alzheimer's pathologies. We leveraged a dataset comprising antemortem MRI and postmortem histopathology to assess polypathologic associations with atrophy in a clinically heterogeneous sample of 125 human dementia patients (41 female, 84 male) with T1-weighted MRI ≤ 5 years before death and postmortem ordinal ratings of amyloid-[Formula: see text], tau, TDP-43, and [Formula: see text]-synuclein. Regional volumes were related to pathology using linear mixed-effects models; approximately 25% of data were held out for testing. We contrasted a polypathologic model comprising independent factors for each proteinopathy with two alternatives: a model that attributed atrophy entirely to the protein(s) associated with the patient's primary diagnosis and a protein-agnostic model based on the sum of ordinal scores for all pathology types. Model fits were evaluated using log-likelihood and correlations between observed and fitted volume scores. Additionally, we performed exploratory analyses relating atrophy to gliosis, neuronal loss, and angiopathy. The polypathologic model provided superior fits in the training and testing datasets. Tau, TDP-43, and [Formula: see text]-synuclein burden were inversely associated with regional volumes, but amyloid-[Formula: see text] was not. Gliosis and neuronal loss explained residual variance in and mediated the effects of tau, TDP-43, and [Formula: see text]-synuclein on atrophy. Regional brain atrophy reflects not only the primary molecular pathology but also co-occurring proteinopathies; inflammatory immune responses may independently contribute to degeneration. Our findings underscore the importance of antemortem biomarkers for detecting mixed pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Phillips
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - John L Robinson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Katheryn A Q Cousins
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David A Wolk
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Edward B Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Murray Grossman
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David J Irwin
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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2
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Burke SL, Grudzien A, Li T, Abril M, Yin W, Tyrell TA, Barnes CP, Hanson K, DeKosky ST. Examining the relationship between anxiety and regional brain volumes in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center uniform, imaging, and biomarker datasets. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100201. [PMID: 38312309 PMCID: PMC10837066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety has been associated with a greater risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in participants with anxiety, but results have been inconsistent. We sought to determine the association between anxiety and regional brain volumes, and the moderation effect of APOE ε4. Using data from participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set, with complete imaging (MRI) and biomarker data (n = 1533), multiple linear regression estimated the adjusted effect of anxiety on 30 structural MRI regions. The moderation effect of APOE ε4 on the relation between structural MRI regions and anxiety was assessed as was the moderation effect of cognitive status. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. After controlling for intracranial volume, age, sex, years of education, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and cognitive status, seven MRI regions demonstrated lower volumes among participants with anxiety: total cerebrum gray matter volume, right hippocampus volume, hippocampal volume (total), right and left frontal lobe cortical gray matter volume, and right and total temporal lobe cortical gray matter volume. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions, with corresponding ventricular enlargement. Future research should investigate if anxiety-related changes to brain morphology contribute to greater AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L. Burke
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St. AHC5 585, Miami 33199, FL, USA
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Adrienne Grudzien
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Marlou Abril
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Wupeng Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Tahirah A. Tyrell
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Christopher P. Barnes
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100212, 2405 SW Archer Road, Gainesville 32608, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Hanson
- Information Services, Division of Research Operations & Services, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100212, 2405 SW Archer Road, Gainesville 32608, FL, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Florida, USA
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Heckner MK, Cieslik EC, Paas Oliveros LK, Eickhoff SB, Patil KR, Langner R. Predicting executive functioning from brain networks: modality specificity and age effects. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10997-11009. [PMID: 37782935 PMCID: PMC10646699 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with structural and functional network changes in the brain, which have been linked to deterioration in executive functioning (EF), while their neural implementation at the individual level remains unclear. As the biomarker potential of individual resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns has been questioned, we investigated to what degree individual EF abilities can be predicted from the gray-matter volume (GMV), regional homogeneity, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and RSFC within EF-related, perceptuo-motor, and whole-brain networks in young and old adults. We examined whether the differences in out-of-sample prediction accuracy were modality-specific and depended on age or task-demand levels. Both uni- and multivariate analysis frameworks revealed overall low prediction accuracies and moderate-to-weak brain-behavior associations (R2 < 0.07, r < 0.28), further challenging the idea of finding meaningful markers for individual EF performance with the metrics used. Regional GMV, well linked to overall atrophy, carried the strongest information about individual EF differences in older adults, whereas fALFF, measuring functional variability, did so for younger adults. Our study calls for future research analyzing more global properties of the brain, different task-states and applying adaptive behavioral testing to result in sensitive predictors for young and older adults, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa K Heckner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lya K Paas Oliveros
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Cappon D, Fox R, den Boer T, Yu W, LaGanke N, Cattaneo G, Perellón-Alfonso R, Bartrés-Faz D, Manor B, Pascual-Leone A. Tele-supervised home-based transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) for Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1168673. [PMID: 37333833 PMCID: PMC10272342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1168673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over 55 million people worldwide are currently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and live with debilitating episodic memory deficits. Current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy. Recently, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has shown memory improvement in AD by normalizing high-frequency neuronal activity. Here we investigate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects on episodic memory of an innovative protocol where tACS is administered within the homes of older adults with AD with the help of a study companion (HB-tACS). Methods Eight participants diagnosed with AD underwent multiple consecutive sessions of high-definition HB-tACS (40 Hz, 20-min) targeting the left angular gyrus (AG), a key node of the memory network. The Acute Phase comprised 14-weeks of HB-tACS with at least five sessions per week. Three participants underwent resting state electroencephalography (EEG) before and after the 14-week Acute Phase. Subsequently, participants completed a 2-3-month Hiatus Phase not receiving HB-tACS. Finally, in the Taper phase, participants received 2-3 sessions per week over 3-months. Primary outcomes were safety, as determined by the reporting of side effects and adverse events, and feasibility, as determined by adherence and compliance with the study protocol. Primary clinical outcomes were memory and global cognition, measured with the Memory Index Score (MIS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. Secondary outcome was EEG theta/gamma ratio. Results reported as mean ± SD. Results All participants completed the study, with an average of 97 HB-tACS sessions completed by each participant; reporting mild side effects during 25% of sessions, moderate during 5%, and severe during 1%. Acute Phase adherence was 98 ± 6.8% and Taper phase was 125 ± 22.3% (rates over 100% indicates participants completed more than the minimum of 2/week). After the Acute Phase, all participants showed memory improvement, MIS of 7.25 ± 3.77, sustained during Hiatus 7.00 ± 4.90 and Taper 4.63 ± 2.39 Phases compared to baseline. For the three participants that underwent EEG, a decreased theta/gamma ratio in AG was observed. Conversely, participants did not show improvement in the MoCA, 1.13 ± 3.80 after the Acute Phase, and there was a modest decrease during the Hiatus -0.64 ± 3.28 and Taper -2.56 ± 5.03 Phases. Conclusion This pilot study shows that the home-based, remotely-supervised, study companion administered, multi-channel tACS protocol for older adults with AD was feasible and safe. Further, targeting the left AG, memory in this sample was improved. These are preliminary results that warrant larger more definite trials to further elucidate tolerability and efficacy of the HB-tACS intervention. NCT04783350. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04783350?term=NCT04783350&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT04783350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cappon
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Fox
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tim den Boer
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wanting Yu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole LaGanke
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruben Perellón-Alfonso
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Jockwitz C, Krämer C, Stumme J, Dellani P, Moebus S, Bittner N, Caspers S. Characterization of the angular gyrus in an older adult population: a multimodal multilevel approach. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:83-102. [PMID: 35904594 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The angular gyrus (AG) has been associated with multiple cognitive functions, such as language, spatial and memory functions. Since the AG is thought to be a cross-modal hub region suffering from significant age-related structural atrophy, it may also play a key role in age-related cognitive decline. However, the exact relation between structural atrophy of the AG and cognitive decline in older adults is not fully understood, which may be related to two aspects: First, the AG is cytoarchitectonically divided into two areas, PGa and PGp, potentially sub-serving different cognitive functions. Second, the older adult population is characterized by high between-subjects variability which requires targeting individual phenomena during the aging process. We therefore performed a multimodal (gray matter volume [GMV], resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC] and structural connectivity [SC]) characterization of AG subdivisions PGa and PGp in a large older adult population, together with relations to age, cognition and lifestyle on the group level. Afterwards, we switched the perspective to the individual, which is especially important when it comes to the assessment of individual patients. The AG can be considered a heterogeneous structure in of the older brain: we found the different AG parts to be associated with different patterns of whole-brain GMV associations as well as their associations with RSFC, and SC patterns. Similarly, differential effects of age, cognition and lifestyle on the GMV of AG subdivisions were observed. This suggests each region to be structurally and functionally differentially involved in the older adult's brain network architecture, which was supported by differential molecular and genetic patterns, derived from the EBRAINS multilevel atlas framework. Importantly, individual profiles deviated considerably from the global conclusion drawn from the group study. Hence, general observations within the older adult population need to be carefully considered, when addressing individual conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo Dellani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Urban Public Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Bittner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dong H, Guo L, Yang H, Zhu W, Liu F, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Xue K, Li Q, Liang M, Zhang N, Qin W. Association between gray matter atrophy, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1129051. [PMID: 37091519 PMCID: PMC10117777 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1129051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia in the elderly. Cerebral atrophy and hypoperfusion are two important pathophysiological characteristics. However, it is still unknown about the area-specific causal pathways between regional gray matter atrophy, cerebral hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in AD patients. Method Forty-two qualified AD patients and 49 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. First, we explored voxel-wise inter-group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) -derived cerebral blood flow (CBF). Then we explored the voxel-wise associations between GMV and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, GMV and CBF, and CBF and MMSE to identify brain targets contributing to cognitive impairment in AD patients. Finally, a mediation analysis was applied to test the causal pathways among atrophied GMV, hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment in AD. Results Voxel-wise permutation test identified that the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) had both decreased GMV and CBF in the AD. Moreover, the GMV of this region was positively correlated with MMSE and its CBF, and CBF of this region was also positively correlated with MMSE in AD (p < 0.05, corrected). Finally, mediation analysis revealed that gray matter atrophy of left MTG drives cognitive impairment of AD via the mediation of CBF (proportion of mediation = 55.82%, β = 0.242, 95% confidence interval by bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap: 0.082 to 0.530). Conclusion Our findings indicated suggested that left MTG is an important hub linking gray matter atrophy, hypoperfusion, and cognitive impairment for AD, and might be a potential treatment target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Dong
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailei Yang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Technical College for the Deaf, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Zhang,
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Wen Qin,
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Lim EC, Choi US, Choi KY, Lee JJ, Sung YW, Ogawa S, Kim BC, Lee KH, Gim J. DeepParcellation: A novel deep learning method for robust brain magnetic resonance imaging parcellation in older East Asians. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1027857. [PMID: 36570529 PMCID: PMC9783623 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1027857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate parcellation of cortical regions is crucial for distinguishing morphometric changes in aged brains, particularly in degenerative brain diseases. Normal aging and neurodegeneration precipitate brain structural changes, leading to distinct tissue contrast and shape in people aged >60 years. Manual parcellation by trained radiologists can yield a highly accurate outline of the brain; however, analyzing large datasets is laborious and expensive. Alternatively, newly-developed computational models can quickly and accurately conduct brain parcellation, although thus far only for the brains of Caucasian individuals. To develop a computational model for the brain parcellation of older East Asians, we trained magnetic resonance images of dimensions 256 × 256 × 256 on 5,035 brains of older East Asians (Gwangju Alzheimer's and Related Dementia) and 2,535 brains of Caucasians. The novel N-way strategy combining three memory reduction techniques inception blocks, dilated convolutions, and attention gates was adopted for our model to overcome the intrinsic memory requirement problem. Our method proved to be compatible with the commonly used parcellation model for Caucasians and showed higher similarity and robust reliability in older aged and East Asian groups. In addition, several brain regions showing the superiority of the parcellation suggest that DeepParcellation has a great potential for applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheon Lim
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Uk-Su Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, South Korea,Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yul-Wan Sung
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiji Ogawa
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Byeong Chae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea,*Correspondence: Kun Ho Lee,
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Jungsoo Gim,
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Yu J, Fischer NL. Asymmetric generalizability of multimodal brain-behavior associations across age-groups. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5593-5604. [PMID: 35906870 PMCID: PMC9704787 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning methods have increasingly been used to map out brain-behavior associations (BBA), and to predict out-of-scanner behavior of unseen subjects. Given the brain changes that occur in the context of aging, the accuracy of these predictions is likely to depend on how similar the training and testing data sets are in terms of age. To this end, we examined how well BBAs derived from an age-group generalize to other age-groups. We partitioned the CAM-CAN data set (N = 550) into the young, middle, and old age-groups, then used the young and old age-groups to construct prediction models for 11 behavioral outcomes using multimodal neuroimaging features (i.e., structural and resting-state functional connectivity, and gray matter volume/cortical thickness). These models were then applied to all three age-groups to predict their behavioral scores. When the young-derived models were used, a graded pattern of age-generalization was generally observed across most behavioral outcomes-predictions are the most accurate in the young subjects in the testing data set, followed by the middle and then old-aged subjects. Conversely, when the old-derived models were used, the disparity in the predictive accuracy across age-groups was mostly negligible. These findings hold across different imaging modalities. These results suggest the asymmetric age-generalization of BBAs-old-derived BBAs generalized well to all age-groups, however young-derived BBAs generalized poorly beyond their own age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- Psychology, School of Social SciencesNational Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Nastassja L. Fischer
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE)Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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Gorshkova OP. Age-Related Changes in the Indices of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Differences between multimodal brain-age and chronological-age are linked to telomere shortening. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 115:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Jung NY, Shin JH, Kim HJ, Jang H, Moon SH, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Cho SH, Kim KW, Kim JP, Jung YH, Kim ST, Kim EJ, Na DL, Vogel JW, Lee S, Seong JK, Seo SW. Distinctive Mediating Effects of Subcortical Structure Changes on the Relationships Between Amyloid or Vascular Changes and Cognitive Decline. Front Neurol 2021; 12:762251. [PMID: 34950100 PMCID: PMC8688398 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.762251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the mediation effects of subcortical volume change in the relationship of amyloid beta (Aβ) and lacune with cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We prospectively recruited 101 patients with MCI who were followed up with neuropsychological tests, MRI, or Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET for 3 years. The mediation effect of subcortical structure on the association of PiB or lacunes with cognitive function was analyzed using mixed effects models. Results: Volume changes in the amygdala and hippocampus partially mediated the effect of PiB changes on memory function (direct effect = -0.168/-0.175, indirect effect = -0.081/-0.077 for amygdala/hippocampus) and completely mediated the effect of PiB changes on clinical dementia rating scale sum of the box (CDR-SOB) (indirect effect = 0.082/0.116 for amygdala/hippocampus). Volume changes in the thalamus completely mediated the effect of lacune on memory, frontal executive functions, and CDR-SOB (indirect effect = -0.037, -0.056, and 0.047, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings provide a better understanding of the distinct role of subcortical structures in the mediation of the relationships of amyloid or vascular changes with a decline in specific cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Jung
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montrèal, QC, Canada
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Graduate School, Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Sarant JZ, Harris DC, Busby PA, Fowler C, Fripp J, Masters CL, Maruff P. No Influence of Age-Related Hearing Loss on Brain Amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:359-367. [PMID: 34806606 PMCID: PMC8842788 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing loss is independently associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in older adults and has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for dementia. The mechanism for this association is unknown, and there has been limited exploration of potential casual pathology. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether there was an association between degree of audiometrically measured hearing loss (HL) and brain amyloid-β (Aβ) in a pre-clinical sample. METHODS Participants of the Australian Imaging and Biomarker Longitudinal Study (AIBL; n = 143) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and objective measurement of hearing thresholds within 5 years of imaging, as well as cognitive assessment within 2 years of imaging in this observational cohort study. RESULTS With one exception, study participants who had cognitive assessments within 2 years of their PET imaging (n = 113) were classified as having normal cognition. There was no association between cognitive scores and degree of hearing loss, or between cognitive scores and Aβ load. No association between HL and Aβ load was found once age was controlled for. As previously reported, positive Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carrier status increased the risk of being Aβ positive (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Degree of HL was not associated with positive Aβ status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jurgen Fripp
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Wales RM, Leung HC. The Effects of Amyloid and Tau on Functional Network Connectivity in Older Populations. Brain Connect 2021; 11:599-612. [PMID: 33813858 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimaging studies suggest that aged brains show altered connectivity within and across functional networks. Similar changes in functional network integrity are also linked to the accumulation of pathological proteins in the brain, such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles seen in Alzheimer's disease. However, less is known about the specific impacts of amyloid and tau on functional network connectivity in cognitively normal older adults who harbor these proteins. Methods: We briefly summarize recent neuroimaging studies of aging and then thoroughly review positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies measuring the relationship between amyloid-tau pathology and functional connectivity in cognitively normal older individuals. Results: The literature overall suggests that amyloid-positive older individuals show minor cognitive dysfunction and aberrant default mode network connectivity compared with amyloid-negative individuals. Tau, however, is more closely associated with network hypoconnectivity and poorer cognition. Those with substantial amyloid and tau experience even greater cognitive decline compared with those with primarily amyloid or tau, suggesting a potential interaction. Multimodal neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults with pathological protein deposits show amyloid-related hyperconnectivity and tau-related hypoconnectivity in multiple functional networks, including the default mode and frontoparietal networks. Discussion: We propose an updated model considering the effects of amyloid and tau on functional connectivity in older individuals. Large, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with multiple levels of analysis are required to obtain a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between pathological protein accumulation and functional connectivity changes, as amyloid- and tau-induced connectivity alterations may have critical and time-varying effects on neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Impact statement Amyloid and tau accumulation have been linked with altered functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults. This review synthesized recent functional imaging literatures in a discussion of how amyloid and tau can interactively affect functional connectivity in nonlinear ways, which can explain previous conflicting findings. Changes in connectivity strength may depend on the accumulation of both amyloid and tau, and their integrative effects seem to have critical consequences on cognition. Elucidating the effects of these pathological proteins on brain functioning is paramount to understand the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and the aging process overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Michael Wales
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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15
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Mackin RS, Insel PS, Landau S, Bickford D, Morin R, Rhodes E, Tosun D, Rosen HJ, Butters M, Aisen P, Raman R, Saykin A, Toga A, Jack C, Koeppe R, Weiner MW, Nelson C. Late-Life Depression Is Associated With Reduced Cortical Amyloid Burden: Findings From the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Depression Project. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:757-765. [PMID: 32980132 PMCID: PMC10165941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the role of cortical amyloid deposition as a factor contributing to memory dysfunction and increased risk of dementia associated with late-life depression (LLD). METHODS A total of 119 older adult participants with a current diagnosis of major depression (LLD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Depression Project study and 119 nondepressed (ND) cognitively unimpaired participants matched on age, sex, and APOE genotype were obtained from the ADNI database. RESULTS Thirty-three percent of LLD participants met ADNI criteria for mild cognitive impairment. Compared with ND individuals, the LLD group exhibited less global amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation (p = .05). The proportion of amyloid positivity in the LLD group was 19.3% compared with 31.1% for the ND participants (p = .02). Among LLD participants, global Aβ was not associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes, lifetime length of depression, length of lifetime selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use, or lifetime length of untreated depression (p > .21 for all). Global Aβ was associated with worse memory performance (p = .05). Similar results were found in secondary analyses restricting comparisons to the cognitively unimpaired LLD participants as well as when comparing the LLD group with an ND group that included participants with mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectation, the LLD group showed less Aβ deposition than the ND group and Aβ deposition was not associated with depression history characteristics. Aβ was associated with memory, but this relationship did not differ between LLD and ND. Our results suggest that memory deficits and accelerated cognitive decline reported in previous studies of LLD are not due to greater cortical Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David Bickford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ruth Morin
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Emma Rhodes
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Howie J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Meryl Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Aisen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, San Diego, California; Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, California
| | - Rema Raman
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, San Diego, California; Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arthur Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Robert Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Craig Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
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16
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Gellersen HM, Guell X, Sami S. Differential vulnerability of the cerebellum in healthy ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102605. [PMID: 33735787 PMCID: PMC7974323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings challenge the prior notion that the cerebellum remains unaffected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, it is unclear whether AD exacerbates age-related cerebellar grey matter decline or engages distinct structural and functional territories. We performed a meta-analysis of cerebellar grey matter loss in normal ageing and AD. We mapped voxels with structural decline onto established brain networks, functional parcellations, and along gradients that govern the functional organisation of the cerebellum. Importantly, these gradients track continuous changes in cerebellar specialisation providing a more nuanced measure of the functional profile of regions vulnerable to ageing and AD. Gradient 1 progresses from motor to cognitive territories; Gradient 2 isolates attentional processing; Gradient 3 captures lateralisation differences in cognitive functions. We identified bilateral and right-lateralised posterior cerebellar atrophy in ageing and AD, respectively. Age- and AD-related structural decline only showed partial spatial overlap in right lobule VI/Crus I. Despite the seemingly distinct patterns of AD- and age-related atrophy, the functional profiles of these regions were similar. Both participate in the same macroscale networks (default mode, frontoparietal, attention), support executive functions and language processing, and did not exhibit a difference in relative positions along Gradients 1 or 2. However, Gradient 3 values were significantly different in ageing vs. AD, suggesting that the roles of left and right atrophied cerebellar regions exhibit subtle functional differences despite their membership in similar macroscale networks. These findings provide an unprecedented characterisation of structural and functional differences and similarities in cerebellar grey matter loss between normal ageing and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Gellersen
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xavier Guell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | - Saber Sami
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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17
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Wagatsuma K, Miwa K, Sakata M, Ishibashi K, Ishii K. [Cross-validation of Quantitative Analytical Software Using 18F-florbetapir PET Imaging]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2021; 77:32-40. [PMID: 33473077 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2021_jsrt_77.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-florbetapir is an amyloid β (Aβ) -targeted 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) serves as a tool with which to differentially diagnose. The present study aimed to cross-validate and compare SUVR derived from Amygo neuro and MIMneuro software. METHODS We injected 40 individuals with 18F-florbetapir and then acquired PET images from 50 to 60 minutes later. All images were separately normalized to the standard 18F-florbetapir PET template using Amygo neuro and MIMneuro. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were automatically placed on six target regions each in Amygo neuro and MIMneuro. The composite SUVR (cSUVR) and regional SUVR (rSUVR) were calculated from mean values measured in VOI. A cSUVR of>1.10 was defined as representing Aβ positivity. Correlation coefficients were calculated in the two types of software. RESULTS A cSUVR>1.10 was determined by Amygo neuro and MIMneuro in 15 of the 40 individuals. The rSUVR in the posterior cingulate, parietal lobe, precuneus, and temporal lobe significantly differed between Amygo neuro and MIMneuro, whereas the cSUVR did not. The SUVR calculated by the two types of software closely correlated to each other (R=0.89-0.96, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cSUVR was not different between Amygo neuro and MIMneuro. We suggest that Amygo neuro is comparable to MIMneuro in quantitative analysis using SUVR for 18F-florbetapir imaging, thus facilitating the use of standardized quantitative approaches to amyloid PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Wagatsuma
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Kenta Miwa
- School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Muneyuki Sakata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Kenji Ishibashi
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
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18
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Salvadores N, Gerónimo-Olvera C, Court FA. Axonal Degeneration in AD: The Contribution of Aβ and Tau. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581767. [PMID: 33192476 PMCID: PMC7593241 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, affecting around 35 million people worldwide. Despite enormous efforts dedicated to AD research over decades, there is still no cure for the disease. Misfolding and accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins in the brain constitute a defining signature of AD neuropathology, and mounting evidence has documented a link between aggregation of these proteins and neuronal dysfunction. In this context, progressive axonal degeneration has been associated with early stages of AD and linked to Aβ and tau accumulation. As the axonal degeneration mechanism has been starting to be unveiled, it constitutes a promising target for neuroprotection in AD. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of axonal destruction in neurodegenerative conditions is therefore critical for the development of new therapies aimed to prevent axonal loss before irreversible neuronal death occurs in AD. Here, we review current evidence of the involvement of Aβ and tau pathologies in the activation of signaling cascades that can promote axonal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Salvadores
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gerónimo-Olvera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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19
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Lim YY, Baker JE, Bruns L, Mills A, Fowler C, Fripp J, Rainey-Smith SR, Ames D, Masters CL, Maruff P. Association of deficits in short-term learning and Aβ and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal adults. Neurology 2020; 95:e2577-e2585. [PMID: 32887774 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which deficits in learning over 6 days are associated with β-amyloid-positive (Aβ+) and hippocampal volume in cognitively normal (CN) adults. METHODS Eighty CN older adults who had undergone PET neuroimaging to determine Aβ status (n = 42 Aβ- and 38 Aβ+), MRI to determine hippocampal and ventricular volume, and repeated assessment of memory were recruited from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. Participants completed the Online Repeatable Cognitive Assessment-Language Learning Test (ORCA-LLT), which required they learn associations between 50 Chinese characters and their English language equivalents over 6 days. ORCA-LLT assessments were supervised on the first day and were completed remotely online for all remaining days. RESULTS Learning curves in the Aβ+ CN participants were significantly worse than those in matched Aβ- CN participants, with the magnitude of this difference very large (d [95% confidence interval (CI)] 2.22 [1.64-2.75], p < 0.001), and greater than differences between these groups for memory decline since their enrollment in AIBL (d [95% CI] 0.52 [0.07-0.96], p = 0.021), or memory impairment at their most recent visit. In Aβ+ CN adults, slower rates of learning were associated with smaller hippocampal and larger ventricular volumes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in CN participants, Aβ+ is associated more strongly with a deficit in learning than any aspect of memory dysfunction. Slower rates of learning in Aβ+ CN participants were associated with hippocampal volume loss. Considered together, these data suggest that the primary cognitive consequence of Aβ+ is a failure to benefit from experience when exposed to novel stimuli, even over very short periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ying Lim
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jenalle E Baker
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loren Bruns
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Mills
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., J.E.B., A.M., C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), Parkville; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (Y.Y.L., A.M.), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton; School of Computing and Information Systems (L.B.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (S.R.R.-S.), School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University; Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital) (S.R.R.-S.), Perth; National Ageing Research Institute (D.A.), Parkville, Victoria; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry (D.A.), The University of Melbourne, St. George's Hospital, Kew; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Le TM, Chao H, Levy I, Li CSR. Age-Related Changes in the Neural Processes of Reward-Directed Action and Inhibition of Action. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1121. [PMID: 32587547 PMCID: PMC7298110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with structural and functional brain changes which may impact the regulation of motivated behaviors, including both action and inhibition of action. As behavioral regulation is often exercised in response to reward, it remains unclear how aging may influence reward-directed action and inhibition of action differently. Here we addressed this issue with the functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 72 participants (aged 21-74) performing a reward go/no-go (GNG) task with approximately 2/3 go and 1/3 no-go trials. The go and no-go success trials were rewarded with a dollar or a nickel, and the incorrect responses were penalized. An additional block of the GNG task without reward/punishment served as the control to account for age-related slowing in processing speed. The results showed a prolonged response time (RT) in rewarded (vs. control) go trials with increasing age. Whole-brain multiple regressions of rewarded (vs. control) go trials against age and RT both revealed an age-related reduced activity of the anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, activity from these regions mediated the relationship between age and go performance. During rewarded (vs. control) no-go trials, age was associated with increased accuracy rate but decreased activation in the medial superior frontal and postcentral gyri. As these regions also exhibited age-related activity reduction during rewarded go, the finding suggests aging effects on common brain substrates that regulate both action and action inhibition. Taken together, age shows a broad negative modulation on neural activations but differential effects on performance during rewarded action and inhibition of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Herta Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ifat Levy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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21
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Moore EE, Gifford KA, Khan OA, Liu D, Pechman KR, Acosta LMY, Bell SP, Turchan M, Landman BA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hohman TJ, Jefferson AL. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and axonal injury relate to atrophy in structural brain regions specific to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:883-895. [PMID: 32378327 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patterns of atrophy can distinguish normal cognition from Alzheimer's disease (AD), but neuropathological drivers of this pattern are unknown. This study examined associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroaxonal injury with two AD imaging signatures. METHODS Signatures were calculated using published guidelines. Linear regressions related each biomarker to both signatures, adjusting for demographic factors. Bootstrapped analyses tested if associations were stronger with one signature versus the other. RESULTS Increased phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total tau, and neurofilament light (P-values <.045) related to smaller signatures (indicating greater atrophy). Diagnosis and sex modified associations between p-tau and neurogranin (P-values<.05) and signatures, such that associations were stronger among participants with mild cognitive impairment and female participants. The strength of associations did not differ between signatures. DISCUSSION Increased evidence of neurodegeneration, axonopathy, and tau phosphorylation relate to greater AD-related atrophy. Tau phosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction may be more prominent in AD-affected regions in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Moore
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Omair A Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly R Pechman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lealani Mae Y Acosta
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan P Bell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maxim Turchan
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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22
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San Lee J, Yoo S, Park S, Kim HJ, Park KC, Seong JK, Suh MK, Lee J, Jang H, Kim KW, Kim Y, Cho SH, Kim SJ, Kim JP, Jung YH, Kim EJ, Suh YL, Lockhart SN, Seeley WW, Na DL, Seo SW. Differences in neuroimaging features of early- versus late-onset nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 86:92-101. [PMID: 31784276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated distinct neuroimaging features measured by cortical thickness and subcortical structural shape abnormality in early-onset (EO, onset age <65 years) and late-onset (LO, onset age ≥65 years) nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) patients. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural shape analyses were performed using a surface-based method from 38 patients with nfvPPA and 76 cognitively normal individuals. To minimize the effects of physiological aging, we used W-scores in comparisons between the groups. The EO-nfvPPA group exhibited more extensive cortical thickness reductions predominantly in the left perisylvian, lateral and medial prefrontal, temporal, posterior cingulate, and precuneus regions than the LO-nfvPPA group. The EO-nfvPPA group also exhibited significantly greater subcortical structural shape abnormality than the LO-nfvPPA group, mainly in the left striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. Our findings suggested that there were differences in neuroimaging features between these groups by the age of symptom onset, which might be explained by underlying heterogeneous neuropathological differences or the age-related brain reserve hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sole Yoo
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Key-Chung Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyung Suh
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Medical School & Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hee Jung
- Department of Neurology, Myungji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Nosheny RL, Insel PS, Mattsson N, Tosun D, Buckley S, Truran D, Schuff N, Aisen PS, Weiner MW. Associations among amyloid status, age, and longitudinal regional brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:110-119. [PMID: 31437719 PMCID: PMC7198229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare regional brain atrophy patterns in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with and without brain accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) to elucidate contributions of Aβ, age, and other variables to atrophy rates. In 80 CU participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we determined effects of Aβ and age on longitudinal, regional atrophy rates, while accounting for confounding variables including sex, APOE ε4 genotype, white matter lesions, and cerebrospinal fluid total and phosphorylated tau levels. We not only found overlapping patterns of atrophy in Aβ+ versus Aβ- participants but also identified regions where atrophy pattern differed between the 2 groups. Higher Aβ load was associated with increased longitudinal atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, even when accounting for age and other variables. Age was associated with atrophy in insula, fusiform gyrus, and isthmus cingulate, even when accounting for Aβ. We found age by Aβ interactions in the postcentral gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results elucidate the separate and related effects of age, Aβ, and other important variables on longitudinal brain atrophy rates in CU older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA.
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Buckley
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Truran
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Schuff
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
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24
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Biomarker-Based Signature of Alzheimer's Disease in Pre-MCI Individuals. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090213. [PMID: 31450744 PMCID: PMC6769621 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology begins decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is recognized as a clinicobiological entity, being detectable in vivo independently of the clinical stage by means of pathophysiological biomarkers. Accordingly, neuropathological studies that were carried out on healthy elderly subjects, with or without subjective experience of cognitive decline, reported evidence of AD pathology in a high proportion of cases. At present, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents the only clinically diagnosed pre-dementia stage. Several attempts have been carried out to detect AD as early as possible, when subtle cognitive alterations, still not fulfilling MCI criteria, appear. Importantly, pre-MCI individuals showing the positivity of pathophysiological AD biomarkers show a risk of progression similar to MCI patients. In view of successful treatment with disease modifying agents, in a clinical setting, a timely diagnosis is mandatory. In clinical routine, biomarkers assessment should be taken into consideration whenever a subject with subtle cognitive deficits (pre-MCI), who is aware of his/her decline, requests to know the cause of such disturbances. In this review, we report the available neuropsychological and biomarkers data that characterize the pre-MCI patients, thus proposing pre-MCI as the first clinical manifestation of AD.
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25
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Wang Y, Necus J, Rodriguez LP, Taylor PN, Mota B. Human cortical folding across regions within individual brains follows universal scaling law. Commun Biol 2019; 2:191. [PMID: 31123715 PMCID: PMC6527703 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cortical regions vary systematically in their morphology. Here we investigate if the scaling law of cortical morphology, which was previously demonstrated across both human subjects and mammalian species, still holds within a single cortex across different brain regions. By topologically correcting for regional curvature, we could analyse how different morphological parameters co-vary within single cortices. We show in over 1500 healthy individuals that, despite their morphological diversity, regions of the same cortex obey the same universal scaling law, and age morphologically at similar rates. In Alzheimer's disease, we observe a premature ageing in the morphological parameters that was nevertheless consistent with the scaling law. The premature ageing effect was most dramatic in the temporal lobe. Thus, while morphology can vary substantially across cortical regions, subjects, and species, it always does so in accordance with a common scaling law, suggesting that the underlying processes driving cortical gyrification are universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Joe Necus
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Peter Neal Taylor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Bruno Mota
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Brazil
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26
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Casaletto KB, Elahi FM, Staffaroni AM, Walters S, Contreras WR, Wolf A, Dubal D, Miller B, Yaffe K, Kramer JH. Cognitive aging is not created equally: differentiating unique cognitive phenotypes in "normal" adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:13-19. [PMID: 30772736 PMCID: PMC6486874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is a public health problem but highly diverse and difficult to predict. We captured nonoverlapping cognitive phenotypes in high-functioning adults and identified baseline factors differentiating trajectories. Three hundred fourteen functionally normal adults (M = 69 y) completed 2+ visits. Participants with sample-based longitudinal slopes in memory or processing speed less than -1 SD were classified as "declining" on that measure; 29 and 50 individuals had slopes less than -1 SD on processing speed or memory, respectively; 2.5% met criteria for both, who were excluded. At baseline, speed decliners demonstrated greater age, inflammation, and cognitive complaints compared with speed-stable adults; memory decliners were more likely to be male and had lower depressive symptoms, gray matter volumes, and white matter hyperintensities compared with memory-stable adults. Baseline speed, TNFα, and cognitive complaints accurately classified 96.3% of future speed decliners; baseline memory, sex, precuneal volume, and white matter hyperintensities accurately classified 88.5% of future memory decliners. There are discrete cognitive aging phenotypes reflecting nonoverlapping vulnerabilities in high-functioning adults. Early markers can predict cognition even within the "normal" spectrum and underscore therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Walters
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dena Dubal
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Whitwell JL, Martin P, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, Senjem ML, Schwarz CG, Weigand SD, Spychalla AJ, Drubach DA, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Josephs KA. The role of age on tau PET uptake and gray matter atrophy in atypical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:675-685. [PMID: 30853465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the role of age on neurodegeneration and protein deposition in atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Regional tau and β-amyloid positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratios and gray matter volumes were calculated in a cohort of 42 participants with atypical AD. The relationship between regional metrics and age was modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical linear model. RESULTS Age was strongly associated with tau uptake across all cortical regions, particularly parietal, with greater uptake in younger participants. Younger age was associated with smaller parietal and lateral temporal volumes. Regional β-amyloid differed little by age. Age showed a stronger association with tau than volume and β-amyloid in all cortical regions. Age was not associated with cognitive performance. DISCUSSION Age is an important determinant of severity of cortical tau uptake in atypical AD, with young participants more likely to show widespread and severe cortical tau uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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Liu S, Li L, Liu Z, Guo X. Long-Term Tai Chi Experience Promotes Emotional Stability and Slows Gray Matter Atrophy for Elders. Front Psychol 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30761046 PMCID: PMC6364563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain adverse structural changes, especially the atrophy of gray matter, are inevitable in aging. Fortunately, the human brain is plastic throughout its entire life. The current cross-section study aimed to investigate whether long-term Tai Chi exercise could slow gray matter atrophy and explore the possible links among gray matter volume (GMV), long-term Tai Chi experience and emotional stability in a sequential risk-taking task by using voxel-based morphometry. Elders with long-term Tai Chi experience and controls, who were matched to Tai Chi group in age, gender, physical activity level, participated in the study. A T1-weighted multiplanar reconstruction sequence was acquired for each participant. Behaviorally, the Tai Chi group showed higher meditation level, stronger emotional stability and less risk-taking tendency in the sequential risk-taking compared to the control group. Moreover, the results revealed that the GMV of the thalamus and hippocampus were larger in the Tai Chi group compared with the control group. Notably, the GMV of the thalamus was positively correlated with both meditation level and emotional stability. The current study suggested the protective role of long-term Tai Chi exercise at slowing gray matter atrophy, improving the emotional stability and achieving successful aging for elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Carey D, Nolan H, Kenny RA, Meaney J. Cortical covariance networks in ageing: Cross-sectional data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Neuropsychologia 2019; 122:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Martikainen IK, Kemppainen N, Johansson J, Teuho J, Helin S, Liu Y, Helisalmi S, Soininen H, Parkkola R, Ngandu T, Kivipelto M, Rinne JO. Brain β-Amyloid and Atrophy in Individuals at Increased Risk of Cognitive Decline. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 40:80-85. [PMID: 30545837 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between brain β-amyloid and regional atrophy is still incompletely understood in elderly individuals at risk of dementia. Here, we studied the associations between brain β-amyloid load and regional GM and WM volumes in older adults who were clinically evaluated as being at increased risk of cognitive decline based on cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty subjects (63-81 years of age) were recruited as part of a larger study, the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability. Neuroimaging consisted of PET using 11C Pittsburgh compound-B and T1-weighted 3D MR imaging for the measurement of brain β-amyloid and GM and WM volumes, respectively. All subjects underwent clinical, genetic, and neuropsychological evaluations for the assessment of cognitive function and the identification of cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Sixteen subjects were visually evaluated as showing cortical β-amyloid (positive for β-amyloid). In the voxel-by-voxel analyses, no significant differences were found in GM and WM volumes between the samples positive and negative for β-amyloid. However, in the sample positive for β-amyloid, increases in 11C Pittsburgh compound-B uptake were associated with reductions in GM volume in the left prefrontal (P = .02) and right temporal lobes (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a significant association between increases in brain β-amyloid and reductions in regional GM volume in individuals at increased risk of cognitive decline. This evidence is consistent with a model in which increases in β-amyloid incite neurodegeneration in memory systems before cognitive impairment manifests.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Martikainen
- From the Department of Radiology (I.K.M.), Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Kemppainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre (N.K., J.J., J.T., S. Helin, J.O.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Johansson
- Turku PET Centre (N.K., J.J., J.T., S. Helin, J.O.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre (N.K., J.J., J.T., S. Helin, J.O.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Helin
- Turku PET Centre (N.K., J.J., J.T., S. Helin, J.O.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neurology (Y.L., S. Helisalmi, H.S., M.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter (Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Helisalmi
- Department of Neurology (Y.L., S. Helisalmi, H.S., M.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Soininen
- Department of Neurology (Y.L., S. Helisalmi, H.S., M.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter (Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Parkkola
- Department of Radiology (R.P.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - T Ngandu
- Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., M.K.), Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kivipelto
- Department of Neurology (Y.L., S. Helisalmi, H.S., M.K.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter (Y.L., H.S., M.K.), Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions (T.N., M.K.), Public Health Promotion Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics (T.N., M.K.), Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J O Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre (N.K., J.J., J.T., S. Helin, J.O.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fan LY, Tzen KY, Chen YF, Chen TF, Lai YM, Yen RF, Huang YY, Shiue CY, Yang SY, Chiu MJ. The Relation Between Brain Amyloid Deposition, Cortical Atrophy, and Plasma Biomarkers in Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:175. [PMID: 29967578 PMCID: PMC6015901 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the role of brain amyloid deposition in the clinical manifestation or brain atrophy remains unresolved. We aimed to explore the relation between brain amyloid deposition, cortical thickness, and plasma biomarkers. Methods: We used 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography to assay brain amyloid deposition, magnetic resonance imaging to estimate cortical thickness, and an immunomagnetic reduction assay to measure plasma biomarkers. We recruited 39 controls, 25 subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 16 subjects with AD. PiB positivity (PiB+) was defined by the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the mean cortical SUVR from six predefined regions (1.0511 in this study). Results: All plasma biomarkers showed significant between-group differences. The plasma Aβ40 level was positively correlated with the mean cortical thickness of both the PiB+ and PiB- subjects. The plasma Aβ40 level of the subjects who were PiB+ was negatively correlated with brain amyloid deposition. In addition, the plasma tau level was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in both the PiB+ and PiB- subjects. Moreover, cortical thickness was negatively correlated with brain amyloid deposition in the PiB+ subjects. In addition, the cut-off point of plasma tau for differentiating between controls and AD was higher in the PiB- group than in the PiB+ group (37.5 versus 25.6 pg/ml, respectively). Lastly, ApoE4 increased the PiB+ rate in the aMCI and control groups. Conclusion: The contributions of brain amyloid deposition to cortical atrophy are spatially distinct. Plasma Aβ40 might be a protective indicator of less brain amyloid deposition and cortical atrophy. It takes more tau pathology to reach the same level of cognitive decline in subjects without brain amyloid deposition, and ApoE4 plays an early role in amyloid pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Fan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Tzen
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Lai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Fang Yen
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yao Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyng-Yann Shiue
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Razlighi QR, Oh H, Habeck C, O'Shea D, Gazes E, Eich T, Parker DB, Lee S, Stern Y. Dynamic Patterns of Brain Structure-Behavior Correlation Across the Lifespan. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3586-3599. [PMID: 27436131 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the brain/behavior correlation is one of the premises of cognitive neuroscience, there is still no consensus about the relationship between brain measures and cognitive function, and only little is known about the effect of age on this relationship. We investigated the age-associated variations on the spatial patterns of cortical thickness correlates of four cognitive domains. We showed that the spatial distribution of the cortical thickness correlates of each cognitive domain is distinctive and depicts varying age-association differences across the adult lifespan. Specifically, the present study provides evidence that distinct cognitive domains are associated with unique structural patterns in three adulthood periods: Early, middle, and late adulthood. These findings suggest a dynamic interaction between multiple neural substrates supporting each cognitive domain across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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33
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Bilgel M, Koscik RL, An Y, Prince JL, Resnick SM, Johnson SC, Jedynak BM. Temporal Order of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cognitive Marker Changes in BLSA and WRAP Longitudinal Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:1335-1347. [PMID: 28731452 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the temporal trajectories of currently used neuropsychological tests is critical to identifying earliest changing measures on the path to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used the Progression Score (PS) method to characterize the temporal trajectories of measures of verbal memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, language, and mental status using data spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and AD from 1,661 participants with a total of 7,839 visits (age at last visit 77.6 SD 9.2) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and 1510 participants with a total of 3,473 visits (age at last visit 59.5 SD 7.4) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP). This method aligns individuals in time based on the similarity of their longitudinal measurements to reveal temporal trajectories. As a validation of our methodology, we explored the associations between the individualized cognitive progression scores (Cog-PS) computed by our method and clinical diagnosis. Digit span tests were the first to show declines in both data sets, and were detected mainly among cognitively normal individuals. These were followed by tests of verbal memory, which were in turn followed by Trail Making Tests, Boston Naming Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Differences in Cog-PS across the clinical diagnosis and APOEɛ4 groups were statistically significant, highlighting the potential use of Cog-PS as individualized indicators of disease progression. Identifying cognitive measures that are changing in preclinical AD can lead to the development of novel cognitive tests that are finely tuned to detecting earliest changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca L Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, USA, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, USA, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruno M Jedynak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Faye C, McGowan JC, Denny CA, David DJ. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Implications for the Aged Population. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:234-270. [PMID: 28820053 PMCID: PMC5843978 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170818095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a common reaction to an environmental adversity, but a dysregulation of the stress response can lead to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders. Yet, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders; those with enhanced stress resilience mechanisms have the ability to adapt successfully to stress without developing persistent psychopathology. Notably, the potential to enhance stress resilience in at-risk populations may prevent the onset of stress-induced psychiatric disorders. This novel idea has prompted a number of studies probing the mechanisms of stress resilience and how it can be manipulated. METHODS Here, we review the neurobiological factors underlying stress resilience, with particular focus on the serotoninergic (5-HT), glutamatergic, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) in rodents and in humans. Finally, we discuss stress resiliency in the context of aging, as the likelihood of mood disorders increases in older adults. RESULTS Interestingly, increased resiliency has been shown to slow aging and improved overall health and quality of life. Research in the neurobiology of stress resilience, particularly throughout the aging process, is a nascent, yet, burgeoning field. CONCLUSION Overall, we consider the possible methods that may be used to induce resilient phenotypes, prophylactically in at-risk populations, such as in military personnel or in older MDD patients. Research in the mechanisms of stress resilience may not only elucidate novel targets for antidepressant treatments, but also provide novel insight about how to prevent these debilitating disorders from developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Faye
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Josephine C. McGowan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A. Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis J. David
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Study of the Influence of Age in 18F-FDG PET Images Using a Data-Driven Approach and Its Evaluation in Alzheimer's Disease. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:3786083. [PMID: 29581708 PMCID: PMC5822896 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3786083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives 18F-FDG PET scan is one of the most frequently used neural imaging scans. However, the influence of age has proven to be the greatest interfering factor for many clinical dementia diagnoses when analyzing 18F-FDG PET images, since radiologists encounter difficulties when deciding whether the abnormalities in specific regions correlate with normal aging, disease, or both. In the present paper, the authors aimed to define specific brain regions and determine an age-correction mathematical model. Methods A data-driven approach was used based on 255 healthy subjects. Results The inferior frontal gyrus, the left medial part and the left medial orbital part of superior frontal gyrus, the right insula, the left anterior cingulate, the left median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and bilateral superior temporal gyri were found to have a strong negative correlation with age. For evaluation, an age-correction model was applied to 262 healthy subjects and 50 AD subjects selected from the ADNI database, and partial correlations between SUVR mean and three clinical results were carried out before and after age correction. Conclusion All correlation coefficients were significantly improved after the age correction. The proposed model was effective in the age correction of both healthy and AD subjects.
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Oh H, Razlighi QR, Stern Y. Multiple pathways of reserve simultaneously present in cognitively normal older adults. Neurology 2017; 90:e197-e205. [PMID: 29273689 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine neural correlates of intellectual activity underlying multiple pathways imparting reserve by testing that higher intellectual activity is associated with lower brain amyloid pathology, greater gray matter (GM) volume, and differential task-evoked brain activation levels as a function of amyloid positivity status among clinically intact older adults. METHODS Eighty-two cognitively normal older adults and 46 healthy young participants underwent fMRI during task switching. All older participants completed 18F-florbetaben-PET and an individual's amyloid positivity status was determined. To assess GM volume, T1-weighted high-resolution structural images were processed using voxel-based morphometry. As lifestyle factors, intellectual activity was estimated by a composite score of vocabulary, reading ability, and years of education. RESULTS Across all older participants, intellectual activity was associated with lower amyloid deposition in lateral and medial frontoparietal and temporal lobes but higher amyloid deposition in superior frontal and parietal cortices, larger GM volume across widespread brain regions, and reduced brain activation during task switching. These patterns of associations, however, differed by amyloid positivity status. While the patterns of associations remained similar among amyloid-negative older adults, among amyloid-positive older adults, intellectual activity was associated with increased amyloid deposition in frontoparietal cortices and increased activation during task. CONCLUSIONS Intellectual activity simultaneously exerts both neuroprotective and compensatory effects via multiple neural pathways that promote optimal brain aging and help maintain normal cognition during amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwamee Oh
- From the Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- From the Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Yaakov Stern
- From the Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Total Brain and Hippocampal Volumes and Cognition in Older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 31:94-100. [PMID: 28538087 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of hippocampal volume by magnetic resonance imaging have clinical and cognitive correlations and can assist in early Alzheimer disease diagnosis. However, little is known about the relationship between global or regional brain volumes and cognitive test performance in American Indians. MATERIALS AND METHODS American Indian participants (N=698; median age, 72 y) recruited for the Cerebrovascular Disease and its Consequences in American Indians study, an ancillary study of the Strong Heart Study cohort, were enrolled. Linear regression models assessed the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging brain volumes (total brain and hippocampi) and cognitive measures of verbal learning and recall, processing speed, verbal fluency, and global cognition. RESULTS After controlling for demographic and clinical factors, all volumetric measurements were positively associated with processing speed. Total brain volume was also positively associated with verbal learning, but not with verbal recall. Conversely, left hippocampal volume was associated with both verbal learning and recall. The relationship between hippocampal volume and recall performance was more pronounced among those with lower scores on a global cognitive measure. Controlling for APOE ε4 did not substantively affect the associations. CONCLUSIONS These results support further investigation into the relationship between structural Alzheimer disease biomarkers, cognition, genetics, and vascular risk factors in aging American Indians.
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Vogel JW, Varga Doležalová M, La Joie R, Marks SM, Schwimmer HD, Landau SM, Jagust WJ. Subjective cognitive decline and β-amyloid burden predict cognitive change in healthy elderly. Neurology 2017; 89:2002-2009. [PMID: 28986416 PMCID: PMC5679415 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess in a longitudinal study whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and brain β-amyloid (Aβ) contribute unique information to cognitive decline. METHODS One hundred thirty-six healthy elderly from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study were followed up for a mean of 4 years. SCD and affective measures were generated from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with factor analysis on data from a larger set of 347 healthy, nondepressed (GDS <11) elderly individuals. Cognition was summarized with previously validated factor scores. Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET scans were acquired to determine the presence (PiB+) or absence (PiB-) of Aβ pathology. Mixed models were used to assess the independent and interactive effects of SCD, affective features, PiB status, and time on cognition, with adjustment for demographic variables. RESULTS SCD score demonstrated good construct validity compared to an existing measure of subjective memory and was partially explained by several lower-order measurements. Mixed models revealed that SCD interacted with PiB status to predict change in episodic memory and global cognition over time, with adjustment for affective features. PiB+ individuals with more severe SCD demonstrated the steepest cognitive decline. Worse SCD predicted faster decline in working memory independently of PiB status. No such effects were seen for affective scores when adjusted for SCD. CONCLUSIONS PiB+ individuals with SCD are at greatest risk of cognitive decline. Evidence for amyloid alone is not sufficient to indicate risk of rapid cognitive decline in healthy elderly. Effects of GDS on cognitive decline in nondepressed cohorts may be driven by SCD rather than subsyndromal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Vogel
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Monika Varga Doležalová
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Renaud La Joie
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Shawn M Marks
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Henry D Schwimmer
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Susan M Landau
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - William J Jagust
- From Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (J.W.V., M.V.D., R.L.J., S.M.M., H.D.S., S.M.L., W.J.J.), University of California, Berkeley; and Memory and Aging Center (R.L.J.), University of California, San Francisco
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40
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Tentolouris-Piperas V, Ryan NS, Thomas DL, Kinnunen KM. Brain imaging evidence of early involvement of subcortical regions in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1655:23-32. [PMID: 27847196 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent brain imaging studies have found changes in subcortical regions in presymptomatic autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). These regions are also affected in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD), but whether such changes are seen in early-stage disease is still uncertain. In this review, we discuss imaging studies published in the past 12 years that have found evidence of subcortical involvement in early-stage ADAD and/or sAD. Several papers have reported amyloid deposition in the striatum of presymptomatic ADAD mutation carriers, prior to amyloid deposition elsewhere. Altered caudate volume has also been implicated in early-stage ADAD, but findings have been variable. Less is known about subcortical involvement in sAD: the thalamus and striatum have been found to be atrophied in symptomatic patients, but their involvement in the preclinical phase remains unclear, in part due to the difficulties of studying this stage in sporadic disease. Longitudinal imaging studies comparing ADAD mutation carriers with individuals at high-risk for sAD may be needed to elucidate the significance of subcortical involvement in different AD clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - David L Thomas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kirsi M Kinnunen
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Araque Caballero MÁ, Klöppel S, Dichgans M, Ewers M. Spatial Patterns of Longitudinal Gray Matter Change as Predictors of Concurrent Cognitive Decline in Amyloid Positive Healthy Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:343-358. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Araque Caballero
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Freiburg Brain Imaging, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
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Knopman DS, Jack CR, Lundt ES, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Mielke MM, Machulda MM, Roberts RO, Boeve BF, Jones DT, Petersen RC. Evolution of neurodegeneration-imaging biomarkers from clinically normal to dementia in the Alzheimer disease spectrum. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:32-42. [PMID: 27460147 PMCID: PMC5018437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of antemortem biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) enables monitoring the evolution of neurodegenerative processes in real time. Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) was used to select participants in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and the Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center with elevated β-amyloid, designated as "A+," and hippocampal volume and (18)fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography were used to characterize participants as having evidence of neurodegeneration ("N+") at the baseline evaluation. There were 145 clinically normal (CN) A+ individuals, 62 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were A+ and 20 with A+ AD dementia. Over a period of 1-6 years, MCI A+N+ individuals showed declines in medial temporal, lateral temporal, lateral parietal, and to a lesser extent, medial parietal regions for both FDG standardized uptake value ratio and gray matter volume that exceeded declines seen in the CN A+N+ group. The AD dementia group showed declines in the same regions on FDG standardized uptake value ratio and gray matter volume with rates that exceeded that in MCI A+N+. Expansion of regional involvement and faster rate of neurodegeneration characterizes progression in the AD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily S Lundt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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43
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Malek-Ahmadi M, Perez SE, Chen K, Mufson EJ. Neuritic and Diffuse Plaque Associations with Memory in Non-Cognitively Impaired Elderly. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:1641-52. [PMID: 27540968 PMCID: PMC6314669 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathology among cognitively normal individuals has been well documented. It has been proposed that these individuals may represent a pre-clinical AD population. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative association between the presence of both amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with ante-mortem cognitive performance, a relationship which is likely influenced by a number of factors including age and APOE ɛ4 carrier status. The present study determined whether the presence of neuritic plaques (NPs) and diffuse plaques (DPs) are associated with performance in a number of cognitive domains after accounting for APOE ɛ4 carrier status and neurofibrillary tangle presence in a cohort of 123 older participants from the Rush Religious Order Study who died with a premortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI). After adjusting for age at death, education, gender, Braak stage, and APOE ɛ4 carrier status, the presence of NPs was associated with lower performance in the cognitive domains of Global Cognition (p = 0.002), Episodic Memory (p = 0.03), Semantic Memory (p = 0.009), and Visuospatial performance (p = 0.006), while DPs showed no association with any cognitive domain examined. These results suggest that decreases in cognition in elderly NCI individuals are associated with an increase in NPs and not DPs when age at death, education, gender, APOE ɛ4 status, and Braak stage are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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44
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Daulatzai MA. Cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism: Key pathophysiological modulators promote neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:943-972. [PMID: 27350397 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, depression, and traumatic brain injury synergistically promote diverse pathological mechanisms including cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism. These risk factors trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress that in turn decrease nitric oxide and enhance endothelin, Amyloid-β deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and oxidative-nitrosative stress trigger several pathological feedforward and feedback loops. These upstream factors persist in the brain for decades, upregulating amyloid and tau, before the cognitive decline. These cascades lead to neuronal Ca2+ increase, neurodegeneration, cognitive/memory decline, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, strategies are available to attenuate cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism and ameliorate cognitive decline. AD is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly. There is significant evidence that pathways involving inflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) play a key pathophysiological role in promoting cognitive dysfunction. Aging and several comorbid conditions mentioned above promote diverse pathologies. These include inflammation, ONS, hypoperfusion, and hypometabolism in the brain. In AD, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism precede decades before the cognitive decline. These comorbid disease conditions may share and synergistically activate these pathophysiological pathways. Inflammation upregulates cerebrovascular pathology through proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide (NO). Inflammation-triggered ONS promotes long-term damage involving fatty acids, proteins, DNA, and mitochondria; these amplify and perpetuate several feedforward and feedback pathological loops. The latter includes dysfunctional energy metabolism (compromised mitochondrial ATP production), amyloid-β generation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood-brain-barrier disruption. These lead to decreased cerebral blood flow and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion- that would modulate metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In essence, hypoperfusion deprives the brain from its two paramount trophic substances, viz., oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the brain suffers from synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration/loss, leading to both gray and white matter atrophy, cognitive dysfunction, and AD. This Review underscores the importance of treating the above-mentioned comorbid disease conditions to attenuate inflammation and ONS and ameliorate decreased cerebral blood flow and hypometabolism. Additionally, several strategies are described here to control chronic hypoperfusion of the brain and enhance cognition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak Adam Daulatzai
- Sleep Disorders Group, EEE Dept/MSE, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Wang HF, Wan Y, Hao XK, Cao L, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Tan MS, Tan L, Zhang DQ, Tan L, Yu JT. Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) Genotypes Mediate Alzheimer’s Disease Risk by Altering Neuronal Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:179-90. [PMID: 27003210 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Hao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
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46
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Huang CC, Liu ME, Kao HW, Chou KH, Yang AC, Wang YH, Chen TR, Tsai SJ, Lin CP. Effect of Alzheimer's Disease Risk Variant rs3824968 at SORL1 on Regional Gray Matter Volume and Age-Related Interaction in Adult Lifespan. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23362. [PMID: 26996954 PMCID: PMC4800313 DOI: 10.1038/srep23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin receptor 1 (SORL1) is involved in cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and plays an essential role in amyloid-beta peptide generation in Alzheimer disease (AD). The major A allele in a SORL1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs3824968, is associated with an increased AD risk. However, the role of SORL1 rs3824968 in the normal ageing process has rarely been examined in relation to brain structural morphology. This study investigated the association between SORL1 rs3824968 and grey matter (GM) volume in a nondemented Chinese population of 318 adults within a wide age range (21-92 years). Through voxel-based morphometry, we found that participants carrying SORL1 allele A exhibited significantly smaller GM volumes in the right posterior cingulate, left middle occipital, medial frontal, and superior temporal gyri. Considerable interaction between age and SORL1 suggested a detrimental and accelerated ageing effect of allele A on putamen. These findings provide evidence that SORL1 rs3824968 modulates regional GM volume and is associated with brain trajectory during the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Kao
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Ru Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Oh H, Steffener J, Razlighi QR, Habeck C, Liu D, Gazes Y, Janicki S, Stern Y. Aβ-related hyperactivation in frontoparietal control regions in cognitively normal elderly. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3247-3254. [PMID: 26382734 PMCID: PMC4788982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, has been associated with functional alterations in cognitively normal elderly, most often in the context of episodic memory with a particular emphasis on the medial temporal lobes. The topography of Aβ deposition, however, highly overlaps with frontoparietal control (FPC) regions implicated in cognitive control/working memory. To examine Aβ-related functional alternations in the FPC regions during a working memory task, we imaged 42 young and 57 cognitively normal elderly using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a letter Sternberg task with varying load. Based on (18)F-florbetaben-positron emission tomography scan, we determined older subjects' amyloid positivity (Aβ+) status. Within brain regions commonly recruited by all subject groups during the delay period, age and Aβ deposition were independently associated with load-dependent frontoparietal hyperactivation, whereas additional compensatory Aβ-related hyperactivity was found beyond the FPC regions. The present results suggest that Aβ-related hyperactivation is not specific to the episodic memory system but occurs in the PFC regions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwamee Oh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jason Steffener
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Janicki
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Deo G, Kumar IR, Srinivasan T, Kushwah KK. Changes in electrophotonic imaging parameters associated with long term meditators and naive meditators in older adults practicing meditation. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Deo G, Kumar IR, Srinivasan TM, Kushwah KK. Cumulative effect of short-term and long-term meditation practice in men and women on psychophysiological parameters of electrophotonic imaging: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 13:73-82. [PMID: 26540228 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anapanasati is one of the meditation techniques discussed in Buddhism. In this meditation, one focuses one's attention on bodily sensations caused by incoming and outgoing breath. This study aims to track the cumulative effect of long-term meditators (LTM) and short-term meditators (STM) using electrophotonic imaging (EPI). METHODS To execute the current study, 432 subjects (264 men and 168 women with mean age of 34.36±6.83) were recruited from two meditation centers. LTM had practiced for more than 60 months (mean of months 111±47.20, hoursperday 1.71±1.20). STM had practiced meditation from 6 months to less than 60 months (mean of months 37.17±19.44, hoursperday 2.14±4.99). A cross-sectional research design was applied and data was collected using EPI. Scatter plot and Fisher discriminant model were also used for statistical presentation of values and interdependency of variables with length of practice between groups. RESULTS In both LTM and STM, lower values of stress (activation coefficient) were found in woman meditators as compared to men. In both groups, highly significant gender-related differences were observed in integral area parameter, which measures the overall health of an individual. Integral entropy (index of disorderliness of subtle energy in the body) was fluctuating in both groups in both directions for both genders. It was increasing in LTM group and decreasing in STM group with increasing length of practice. CONCLUSIONS Women of LTM and STM demonstrated lesser stress than men. Both groups showed cumulative health-related improvement. Moreover, in gender-related analysis woman meditators exhibited more positive improvement in EPI parameters than men.
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50
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Tijms BM, Kate MT, Wink AM, Visser PJ, Ecay M, Clerigue M, Estanga A, Garcia Sebastian M, Izagirre A, Villanua J, Martinez Lage P, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Sanz Arigita E, Barkhof F. Gray matter network disruptions and amyloid beta in cognitively normal adults. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:154-160. [PMID: 26559882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter networks are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unclear when these disruptions start during the development of AD. Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) is among the earliest changes in AD. We studied, in cognitively healthy adults, the relationship between Aβ42 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and single-subject cortical gray matter network measures. Single-subject gray matter networks were extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans in a sample of cognitively healthy adults (N = 185; age range 39-79, mini-mental state examination >25, N = 12 showed abnormal Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL). Degree, clustering coefficient, and path length were computed at whole brain level and for 90 anatomical areas. Associations between continuous Aβ42 CSF levels and single-subject cortical gray matter network measures were tested. Smoothing splines were used to determine whether a linear or nonlinear relationship gave a better fit to the data. Lower Aβ42 CSF levels were linearly associated at whole brain level with lower connectivity density, and nonlinearly with lower clustering values and higher path length values, which is indicative of a less-efficient network organization. These relationships were specific to medial temporal areas, precuneus, and the middle frontal gyrus (all p < 0.05). These results suggest that mostly within the normal spectrum of amyloid, lower Aβ42 levels can be related to gray matter networks disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian Ecay
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Estanga
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Izagirre
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- Department of Neurology, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia Unit, Osatek SA, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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