1
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Gelens F, Äijälä J, Roberts L, Komatsu M, Uran C, Jensen MA, Miller KJ, Ince RAA, Garagnani M, Vinck M, Canales-Johnson A. Distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy are synergistic. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3941. [PMID: 38729937 PMCID: PMC11087548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A relevant question concerning inter-areal communication in the cortex is whether these interactions are synergistic. Synergy refers to the complementary effect of multiple brain signals conveying more information than the sum of each isolated signal. Redundancy, on the other hand, refers to the common information shared between brain signals. Here, we dissociated cortical interactions encoding complementary information (synergy) from those sharing common information (redundancy) during prediction error (PE) processing. We analyzed auditory and frontal electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in five common awake marmosets performing two distinct auditory oddball tasks and investigated to what extent event-related potentials (ERP) and broadband (BB) dynamics encoded synergistic and redundant information about PE processing. The information conveyed by ERPs and BB signals was synergistic even at lower stages of the hierarchy in the auditory cortex and between auditory and frontal regions. Using a brain-constrained neural network, we simulated the synergy and redundancy observed in the experimental results and demonstrated that the emergence of synergy between auditory and frontal regions requires the presence of strong, long-distance, feedback, and feedforward connections. These results indicate that distributed representations of PE signals across the cortical hierarchy can be highly synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gelens
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juho Äijälä
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Laboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robin A A Ince
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, UK
| | - Max Garagnani
- Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
- Brain Language Lab, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andres Canales-Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK.
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Hallett M. Medial-lateral organization of primary auditory cortex and the question of sound localization. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1893-1896. [PMID: 37357573 PMCID: PMC10749981 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Pandya made many important contributions to the understanding of the anatomy of the cortical auditory pathways beginning with his publication in 1969. This review focuses on the observation in that article on the transcallosal connections of the primary auditory cortex. The medial part of the cortex has such connections, but the lateral part does not. Pandya and colleagues speculated that this might have something to do with spatial localization of sound. Review of the subsequent literature shows that the primary auditory cortex anatomy is complex, but the original observation is likely correct. However, the physiological speculation was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hallett
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda
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3
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Grijseels DM, Prendergast BJ, Gorman JC, Miller CT. The neurobiology of vocal communication in marmosets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1528:13-28. [PMID: 37615212 PMCID: PMC10592205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly popular animal model for studying the neural basis of social behavior, cognition, and communication is the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Interest in this New World primate across neuroscience is now being driven by their proclivity for prosociality across their repertoire, high volubility, and rapid development, as well as their amenability to naturalistic testing paradigms and freely moving neural recording and imaging technologies. The complement of these characteristics set marmosets up to be a powerful model of the primate social brain in the years to come. Here, we focus on vocal communication because it is the area that has both made the most progress and illustrates the prodigious potential of this species. We review the current state of the field with a focus on the various brain areas and networks involved in vocal perception and production, comparing the findings from marmosets to other animals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori M Grijseels
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brendan J Prendergast
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julia C Gorman
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cory T Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Neuronal figure-ground responses in primate primary auditory cortex. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109242. [PMID: 34133935 PMCID: PMC8220257 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Figure-ground segregation, the brain’s ability to group related features into stable perceptual entities, is crucial for auditory perception in noisy environments. The neuronal mechanisms for this process are poorly understood in the auditory system. Here, we report figure-ground modulation of multi-unit activity (MUA) in the primary and non-primary auditory cortex of rhesus macaques. Across both regions, MUA increases upon presentation of auditory figures, which consist of coherent chord sequences. We show increased activity even in the absence of any perceptual decision, suggesting that neural mechanisms for perceptual grouping are, to some extent, independent of behavioral demands. Furthermore, we demonstrate differences in figure encoding between more anterior and more posterior regions; perceptual saliency is represented in anterior cortical fields only. Our results suggest an encoding of auditory figures from the earliest cortical stages by a rate code. Neuronal figure-ground modulation in primary auditory cortex A rate code is used to signal the presence of auditory figures Anteriorly located recording sites encode perceptual saliency Figure-ground modulation is present without perceptual detection
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5
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Rushmore RJ, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Rosene DL, Yeterian EH, Makris N. MRI-based Parcellation and Morphometry of the Individual Rhesus Monkey Brain: the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), a translational system referencing a standardized ontology. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1589-1621. [PMID: 32960419 PMCID: PMC8608281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain have shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in humans. A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and human studies of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for an association to be made between the detailed structural and physiological analysis of the non-human primate and that of the human brain. To further this end, we present a novel parcellation method and system for the rhesus monkey brain, referred to as the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), which is based on the human Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) and grounded in an ontological and taxonomic framework. Consistent anatomical features were used to delimit and parcellate brain regions in the macaque, which were then categorized according to functional systems. This system of parcellation will be expanded with advances in technology and, like the HOA, will provide a framework upon which the results from other experimental studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), physiology, connectivity, graph theory) can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward H Yeterian
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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6
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Abstract
There are functional and anatomical distinctions between the neural systems involved in the recognition of sounds in the environment and those involved in the sensorimotor guidance of sound production and the spatial processing of sound. Evidence for the separation of these processes has historically come from disparate literatures on the perception and production of speech, music and other sounds. More recent evidence indicates that there are computational distinctions between the rostral and caudal primate auditory cortex that may underlie functional differences in auditory processing. These functional differences may originate from differences in the response times and temporal profiles of neurons in the rostral and caudal auditory cortex, suggesting that computational accounts of primate auditory pathways should focus on the implications of these temporal response differences.
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7
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Abstract
Human speech perception is a paradigm example of the complexity of human linguistic processing; however, it is also the dominant way of expressing vocal identity and is critically important for social interactions. Here, I review the ways that the speech, the talker, and the social nature of speech interact and how this may be computed in the human brain, using models and approaches from nonhuman primate studies. I explore the extent to which domain-general approaches may be able to account for some of these neural findings. Finally, I address the importance of extending these findings into a better understanding of the social use of speech in conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Direct electrophysiological mapping of human pitch-related processing in auditory cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116076. [PMID: 31401239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work sought correlates of pitch perception, defined by neural activity above the lower limit of pitch (LLP), in auditory cortical neural ensembles, and examined their topographical distribution. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in eight patients undergoing invasive recordings for pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Stimuli consisted of bursts of broadband noise followed by regular interval noise (RIN). RIN was presented at rates below and above the LLP to distinguish responses related to the regularity of the stimulus and the presence of pitch itself. LFPs were recorded from human cortical homologues of auditory core, belt, and parabelt regions using multicontact depth electrodes implanted in Heschl's gyrus (HG) and Planum Temporale (PT), and subdural grid electrodes implanted over lateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). Evoked responses corresponding to the temporal regularity of the stimulus were assessed using autocorrelation of the evoked responses, and occurred for stimuli below and above the LLP. Induced responses throughout the high gamma range (60-200 Hz) were present for pitch values above the LLP, with onset latencies of approximately 70 ms. Mapping of the induced responses onto a common brain space demonstrated variability in the topographical distribution of high gamma responses across subjects. Induced responses were present throughout the length of HG and on PT, which is consistent with previous functional neuroimaging studies. Moreover, in each subject, a region within lateral STG showed robust induced responses at pitch-evoking stimulus rates. This work suggests a distributed representation of pitch processing in neural ensembles in human homologues of core and non-core auditory cortex.
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9
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Grisendi T, Reynaud O, Clarke S, Da Costa S. Processing pathways for emotional vocalizations. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2487-2504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Márton CD, Fukushima M, Camalier CR, Schultz SR, Averbeck BB. Signature Patterns for Top-Down and Bottom-Up Information Processing via Cross-Frequency Coupling in Macaque Auditory Cortex. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0467-18.2019. [PMID: 31088914 PMCID: PMC6520641 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0467-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding is a theoretical framework that provides a functional interpretation of top-down and bottom-up interactions in sensory processing. The theory suggests there are differences in message passing up versus down the cortical hierarchy. These differences result from the linear feedforward of prediction errors, and the nonlinear feedback of predictions. This implies that cross-frequency interactions should predominate top-down. But it remains unknown whether these differences are expressed in cross-frequency interactions in the brain. Here we examined bidirectional cross-frequency coupling across four sectors of the auditory hierarchy in the macaque. We computed two measures of cross-frequency coupling, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and amplitude-amplitude coupling (AAC). Our findings revealed distinct patterns for bottom-up and top-down information processing among cross-frequency interactions. Both top-down and bottom-up interactions made prominent use of low frequencies: low-to-low-frequency (theta, alpha, beta) and low-frequency-to-high- gamma couplings were predominant top-down, while low-frequency-to-low-gamma couplings were predominant bottom-up. These patterns were largely preserved across coupling types (PAC and AAC) and across stimulus types (natural and synthetic auditory stimuli), suggesting that they are a general feature of information processing in auditory cortex. Our findings suggest the modulatory effect of low frequencies on gamma-rhythms in distant regions is important for bidirectional information transfer. The finding of low-frequency-to-low-gamma interactions in the bottom-up direction suggest that nonlinearities may also play a role in feedforward message passing. Altogether, the patterns of cross-frequency interaction we observed across the auditory hierarchy are largely consistent with the predictive coding framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Márton
- Centre for Neurotechnology, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Makoto Fukushima
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
- Consumer Neuroscience, The Nielsen Company, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Corrie R Camalier
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Simon R Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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11
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Schneider F, Dheerendra P, Balezeau F, Ortiz-Rios M, Kikuchi Y, Petkov CI, Thiele A, Griffiths TD. Auditory figure-ground analysis in rostral belt and parabelt of the macaque monkey. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17948. [PMID: 30560879 PMCID: PMC6298974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Segregating the key features of the natural world within crowded visual or sound scenes is a critical aspect of everyday perception. The neurobiological bases for auditory figure-ground segregation are poorly understood. We demonstrate that macaques perceive an acoustic figure-ground stimulus with comparable performance to humans using a neural system that involves high-level auditory cortex, localised to the rostral belt and parabelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Pradeep Dheerendra
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Fabien Balezeau
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ortiz-Rios
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Yukiko Kikuchi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thiele
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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12
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Chronometry on Spike-LFP Responses Reveals the Functional Neural Circuitry of Early Auditory Cortex Underlying Sound Processing and Discrimination. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0420-17. [PMID: 29971252 PMCID: PMC6028825 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0420-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals and humans rapidly detect specific features of sounds, but the time courses of the underlying neural response for different stimulus categories is largely unknown. Furthermore, the intricate functional organization of auditory information processing pathways is poorly understood. Here, we computed neuronal response latencies from simultaneously recorded spike trains and local field potentials (LFPs) along the first two stages of cortical sound processing, primary auditory cortex (A1) and lateral belt (LB), of awake, behaving macaques. Two types of response latencies were measured for spike trains as well as LFPs: (1) onset latency, time-locked to onset of external auditory stimuli; and (2) selection latency, time taken from stimulus onset to a selective response to a specific stimulus category. Trial-by-trial LFP onset latencies predominantly reflecting synaptic input arrival typically preceded spike onset latencies, assumed to be representative of neuronal output indicating that both areas may receive input environmental signals and relay the information to the next stage. In A1, simple sounds, such as pure tones (PTs), yielded shorter spike onset latencies compared to complex sounds, such as monkey vocalizations ("Coos"). This trend was reversed in LB, indicating a hierarchical functional organization of auditory cortex in the macaque. LFP selection latencies in A1 were always shorter than those in LB for both PT and Coo reflecting the serial arrival of stimulus-specific information in these areas. Thus, chronometry on spike-LFP signals revealed some of the effective neural circuitry underlying complex sound discrimination.
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13
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Reveley C, Gruslys A, Ye FQ, Glen D, Samaha J, E Russ B, Saad Z, K Seth A, Leopold DA, Saleem KS. Three-Dimensional Digital Template Atlas of the Macaque Brain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4463-4477. [PMID: 27566980 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new 3D template atlas of the anatomical subdivisions of the macaque brain, which is based on and aligned to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data set and histological sections of the Saleem and Logothetis atlas. We describe the creation and validation of the atlas that, when registered with macaque structural or functional MRI scans, provides a straightforward means to estimate the boundaries between architectonic areas, either in a 3D volume with different planes of sections, or on an inflated brain surface (cortical flat map). As such, this new template atlas is intended for use as a reference standard for macaque brain research. Atlases and templates are available as both volumes and surfaces in standard NIFTI and GIFTI formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reveley
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Sackler Center for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Audrunas Gruslys
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Frank Q Ye
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Samaha
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Sackler Center for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Brian E Russ
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health (NIMH/NIH), MD 20892, USA
| | - Ziad Saad
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anil K Seth
- School of Engineering and Informatics, Sackler Center for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - David A Leopold
- Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health (NIMH/NIH), MD 20892, USA
| | - Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health (NIMH/NIH), MD 20892, USA
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14
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Scott BH, Saleem KS, Kikuchi Y, Fukushima M, Mishkin M, Saunders RC. Thalamic connections of the core auditory cortex and rostral supratemporal plane in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3488-3513. [PMID: 28685822 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the primate auditory cortex, information flows serially in the mediolateral dimension from core, to belt, to parabelt. In the caudorostral dimension, stepwise serial projections convey information through the primary, rostral, and rostrotemporal (AI, R, and RT) core areas on the supratemporal plane, continuing to the rostrotemporal polar area (RTp) and adjacent auditory-related areas of the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STGr) and temporal pole. In addition to this cascade of corticocortical connections, the auditory cortex receives parallel thalamocortical projections from the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). Previous studies have examined the projections from MGN to auditory cortex, but most have focused on the caudal core areas AI and R. In this study, we investigated the full extent of connections between MGN and AI, R, RT, RTp, and STGr using retrograde and anterograde anatomical tracers. Both AI and R received nearly 90% of their thalamic inputs from the ventral subdivision of the MGN (MGv; the primary/lemniscal auditory pathway). By contrast, RT received only ∼45% from MGv, and an equal share from the dorsal subdivision (MGd). Area RTp received ∼25% of its inputs from MGv, but received additional inputs from multisensory areas outside the MGN (30% in RTp vs. 1-5% in core areas). The MGN input to RTp distinguished this rostral extension of auditory cortex from the adjacent auditory-related cortex of the STGr, which received 80% of its thalamic input from multisensory nuclei (primarily medial pulvinar). Anterograde tracers identified complementary descending connections by which highly processed auditory information may modulate thalamocortical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Scott
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukiko Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Makoto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mortimer Mishkin
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Schomers MR, Garagnani M, Pulvermüller F. Neurocomputational Consequences of Evolutionary Connectivity Changes in Perisylvian Language Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3045-3055. [PMID: 28193685 PMCID: PMC5354338 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2693-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain sets itself apart from that of its primate relatives by specific neuroanatomical features, especially the strong linkage of left perisylvian language areas (frontal and temporal cortex) by way of the arcuate fasciculus (AF). AF connectivity has been shown to correlate with verbal working memory-a specifically human trait providing the foundation for language abilities-but a mechanistic explanation of any related causal link between anatomical structure and cognitive function is still missing. Here, we provide a possible explanation and link, by using neurocomputational simulations in neuroanatomically structured models of the perisylvian language cortex. We compare networks mimicking key features of cortical connectivity in monkeys and humans, specifically the presence of relatively stronger higher-order "jumping links" between nonadjacent perisylvian cortical areas in the latter, and demonstrate that the emergence of working memory for syllables and word forms is a functional consequence of this structural evolutionary change. We also show that a mere increase of learning time is not sufficient, but that this specific structural feature, which entails higher connectivity degree of relevant areas and shorter sensorimotor path length, is crucial. These results offer a better understanding of specifically human anatomical features underlying the language faculty and their evolutionary selection advantage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Why do humans have superior language abilities compared to primates? Recently, a uniquely human neuroanatomical feature has been demonstrated in the strength of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), a fiber pathway interlinking the left-hemispheric language areas. Although AF anatomy has been related to linguistic skills, an explanation of how this fiber bundle may support language abilities is still missing. We use neuroanatomically structured computational models to investigate the consequences of evolutionary changes in language area connectivity and demonstrate that the human-specific higher connectivity degree and comparatively shorter sensorimotor path length implicated by the AF entail emergence of verbal working memory, a prerequisite for language learning. These results offer a better understanding of specifically human anatomical features for language and their evolutionary selection advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte R Schomers
- Brain Language Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Garagnani
- Brain Language Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Robotics and Neural Systems, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, and
- Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Brain Language Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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Fukushima M, Doyle AM, Mullarkey MP, Mishkin M, Averbeck BB. Distributed acoustic cues for caller identity in macaque vocalization. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150432. [PMID: 27019727 PMCID: PMC4806230 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Individual primates can be identified by the sound of their voice. Macaques have demonstrated an ability to discern conspecific identity from a harmonically structured 'coo' call. Voice recognition presumably requires the integrated perception of multiple acoustic features. However, it is unclear how this is achieved, given considerable variability across utterances. Specifically, the extent to which information about caller identity is distributed across multiple features remains elusive. We examined these issues by recording and analysing a large sample of calls from eight macaques. Single acoustic features, including fundamental frequency, duration and Weiner entropy, were informative but unreliable for the statistical classification of caller identity. A combination of multiple features, however, allowed for highly accurate caller identification. A regularized classifier that learned to identify callers from the modulation power spectrum of calls found that specific regions of spectral-temporal modulation were informative for caller identification. These ranges are related to acoustic features such as the call's fundamental frequency and FM sweep direction. We further found that the low-frequency spectrotemporal modulation component contained an indexical cue of the caller body size. Thus, cues for caller identity are distributed across identifiable spectrotemporal components corresponding to laryngeal and supralaryngeal components of vocalizations, and the integration of those cues can enable highly reliable caller identification. Our results demonstrate a clear acoustic basis by which individual macaque vocalizations can be recognized.
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