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Nepal V, Dillon M, Fabrizio MC, Tuckey TD. Physiologically-informed predictions of climate warming effects on native and non-native populations of blue catfish. J Therm Biol 2024; 124:103951. [PMID: 39182420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus has been widely introduced throughout the United States to enhance recreational fisheries. Its success in both its native and non-native range, especially in the context of climate change, will be influenced by its thermal performance. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the responses of wild-captured, subadult blue catfish to temperatures ranging from 7 °C to 38 °C. Blue catfish had relatively low standard metabolic rates, indicating low energetic demands, and hence an ability to survive well even during low-food conditions. Metabolic scope and food consumption rate increased with temperature, with metabolic scope peaking at 29.1 °C, and consumption rate peaking at 32 °C. Body condition remained high up to 32 °C, but decreased drastically thereafter, suggesting limitations in maintaining metabolism through food consumption at temperatures >32 °C; blue catfish cannot survive in such habitats indefinitely. Yet, many fish were able to survive temperatures as high as 38 °C for 5 days, suggesting that acute and occasionally chronic heat waves will not limit this species. Using these results, we also predicted the performance of blue catfish under prevailing conditions and under climate warming at seven locations throughout their current range in the U.S. We found that some blue catfish populations in southern and southeastern areas will likely experience temperatures above the optimal temperature for extended periods due to climate change, thus limiting potential habitat availability for this species. But, many non-native populations, especially those in northern areas such as Idaho, North Dakota, and northern California, may benefit from the expected warmer temperatures during spring and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Nepal
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA.
| | - Maggie Dillon
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Mary C Fabrizio
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Troy D Tuckey
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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2
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Glamuzina B, Vilizzi L, Piria M, Žuljević A, Cetinić AB, Pešić A, Dragičević B, Lipej L, Pećarević M, Bartulović V, Grđan S, Cvitković I, Dobroslavić T, Fortič A, Glamuzina L, Mavrič B, Tomanić J, Despalatović M, Trkov D, Šćepanović MB, Vidović Z, Simonović P, Matić-Skoko S, Tutman P. Global warming scenarios for the Eastern Adriatic Sea indicate a higher risk of invasiveness of non-native marine organisms relative to current climate conditions. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:143-154. [PMID: 38433966 PMCID: PMC10902240 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Globally, marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function, with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected regions. Such invasions are expected to increase due to climate change. We conducted a risk screening of marine organisms (37 fishes, 38 invertebrates, and 9 plants), both extant and 'horizon' (i.e., not present in the area but likely to enter it). Based on expert knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia, Croatia, and Montenegro, screenings were conducted under both current and predicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temperature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in precipitation regime. Our aims were to: (1) identify non-native extant and horizon marine species that may pose threats to native biodiversity and (2) evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected species under current and predicted climate conditions. Of the 84 species screened, there was an increase in those ranked as 'high risk' from 33 (39.3%) under current climate conditions and to 47 (56.0%) under global warming scenarios. For those ranked as 'very high' risk, the increase was from 6 (7.1%) to 21 (25.0%). Amongst the screened species, the already established high-risk species Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus represent a threat to ecosystem services. Given the under-representation of marine species in the current European Union List, the species we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00196-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Glamuzina
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Lorenzo Vilizzi
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Piria
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Žuljević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Bratoš Cetinić
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Ana Pešić
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | | | - Lovrenc Lipej
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Marijana Pećarević
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Bartulović
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Sanja Grđan
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ana Fortič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Luka Glamuzina
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Borut Mavrič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Jovana Tomanić
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | | | - Domen Trkov
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Piran, Slovenia
| | | | - Zoran Vidović
- Teacher Education Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Pero Tutman
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
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Dimitriadis C, Marampouti C, Calò A, Di Franco A, Giakoumi S, Di Franco E, Di Lorenzo M, Gerovasileiou V, Guidetti P, Pey A, Sini M, Sourbès L. Evaluating the long term effectiveness of a Mediterranean marine protected area to tackle the effects of invasive and range expanding herbivorous fish on rocky reefs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106293. [PMID: 38103302 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide evidence, along an 8-year period time-series based on multifaceted data from a Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA), whether protection can tackle invasive and range expanding herbivore fishes, and their effects on the algal resource availability, taking into account the population trends of predatory fishes, fisheries catches of herbivore fishes and sea surface temperature (SST) through time. Our findings pointed out that an ineffective in restoring top-down control process MPA may facilitate, rather than alleviate, the sudden and enduring population burst of invasive and range-expanding herbivorous fishes at tipping points of abrupt change. This subsequently results in the deterioration of rocky reef habitats and the depletion of algal resources, with the tipping points of abrupt change for algal and herbivore fish species not overlapping chronologically. As sea temperature increases, ineffective or recently established MPAs may inadvertently facilitate the proliferation of invasive and range-expanding species, posing a significant challenge to management effectiveness and conservation objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dimitriadis
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece.
| | - C Marampouti
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece
| | - A Calò
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - A Di Franco
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" sede interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Giakoumi
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn" sede interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Di Franco
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - M Di Lorenzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Gerovasileiou
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Ionian University, Zakynthos, Greece; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Thalassocosmos, Gournes, Crete, Greece
| | - P Guidetti
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy; Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Pey
- Thalassa - Marine Research & Environmental Awareness, 17 Rue Gutenberg, 06000, Nice, France
| | - M Sini
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - L Sourbès
- Management Unit of Zakynthos and Ainos National Parks and Protected Areas of the Ionian Islands, Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.), El. Venizelou 1, 29100, Zakynthos, Greece
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Quattrocchi G, Christensen E, Sinerchia M, Marras S, Cucco A, Domenici P, Behrens JW. Aerobic metabolic scope mapping of an invasive fish species with global warming. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad094. [PMID: 38425367 PMCID: PMC10904007 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate change will exacerbate the negative effects associated with the introduction of non-indigenous species in marine ecosystems. Predicting the spread of invasive species in relation to environmental warming is therefore a fundamental task in ecology and conservation. The Baltic Sea is currently threatened by several local stressors and the highest increase in sea surface temperature of the world's large marine ecosystems. These new thermal conditions can further favour the spreading of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a fish of Ponto-Caspian origin, currently well established in the southern and central parts of the Baltic Sea. This study aims to assess the thermal habitat suitability of the round goby in the Baltic Sea considering the past and future conditions. The study combines sightings records with known physiological models of aerobic performance and sea surface temperatures. Physiological models read these temperatures, at sighting times and locations, to determine their effects on the aerobic metabolic scope (AMS) of the fish, a measure of its energetic potential in relation to environmental conditions. The geographical mapping of the AMS was used to describe the changes in habitat suitability during the past 3 decades and for climatic predictions (until 2100) showing that the favourable thermal habitat in the Baltic Sea has increased during the past 32 years and will continue to do so in all the applied climate model predictions. Particularly, the predicted new thermal conditions do not cause any reduction in the AMS of round goby populations, while the wintertime cold ranges are likely expected to preserve substantial areas from invasion. The results of this research can guide future monitoring programs increasing the chance to detect this invader in novel areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Quattrocchi
- National Research Council, Institute for the study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the marine environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Emil Christensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Sinerchia
- National Research Council, Institute for the study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the marine environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Stefano Marras
- National Research Council, Institute for the study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the marine environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Andrea Cucco
- National Research Council, Institute for the study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the marine environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Paolo Domenici
- National Research Council, Institute for the study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the marine environment, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09170, Oristano, Italy
- National Research Council, Istituto di Biofisica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jane W Behrens
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Winkler AC, Bovim L, Macena BCL, Gandra M, Erzini K, Afonso P, Abecasis D. Depth and temperature preferences of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, as revealed by satellite telemetry. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288706. [PMID: 37988346 PMCID: PMC10662727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Argyrosomus regius (commonly referred to as meagre), is one of Europe's largest coastal bony fish species and supports important recreational and commercial fisheries in the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Demand for this species, and more recently for their swim bladders, has led to regional population declines and growing importance as an aquaculture species. Despite intense research in captivity, little is known about the spatial ecology of A. regius's wild population, including basic information such as vertical migrations and depth/temperature preferences. Previous research based on indirect data suggests a seasonal habitat shift from shallow to deeper waters, but this has never been validated through direct high-resolution movement data. In this study, we tagged 13 adult A. regius with pop-up satellite archival tags in the South of Portugal, which successfully returned data from 11 individuals including high-resolution data from six recovered tags (mean, range: 167 days, 28-301 days). We found that adults of this population spend 95.2% of their time between 5 and 75 m depth (mean ± SD, 30.9m ± 18.3m) and do not venture beyond 125 m. Across seasons, A. regius move across water temperatures between 13.3 and 24.8°C with a preferred thermal range between 14 and 18°C where they spent 75.4% of their time. The inferential modelling using this electronic data validated previous hypotheses by showing significant differences between a shallower and warmer summer habitat vs. a deeper and cooler winter habitat. Visual investigation of the diel effects on depth preferences suggests subtle changes in depth use between day and night during the warmer months of the year. We speculate that these patterns are in response to the species' behavioural ecology and physiology, reflecting the seasonal changes in water stratification and presence of prey, as well as on the species reproduction, which results in summer spawning aggregations in shallower areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Claus Winkler
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Lily Bovim
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bruno C. L. Macena
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Horta, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gandra
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Karim Erzini
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), Horta, Portugal
| | - David Abecasis
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Nikolaou A, Tsirintanis K, Rilov G, Katsanevakis S. Invasive Fish and Sea Urchins Drive the Status of Canopy Forming Macroalgae in the Eastern Mediterranean. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:763. [PMID: 37372048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Canopy-forming macroalgae, such as Cystoseira sensu lato, increase the three-dimensional complexity and spatial heterogeneity of rocky reefs, enhancing biodiversity and productivity in coastal areas. Extensive loss of canopy algae has been recorded in recent decades throughout the Mediterranean Sea due to various anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we assessed the biomass of fish assemblages, sea urchin density, and the vertical distribution of macroalgal communities in the Aegean and Levantine Seas. The herbivore fish biomass was significantly higher in the South Aegean and Levantine compared to the North Aegean. Very low sea urchin densities suggest local collapses in the South Aegean and the Levantine. In most sites in the South Aegean and the Levantine, the ecological status of macroalgal communities was low or very low at depths deeper than 2 m, with limited or no canopy algae. In many sites, canopy algae were restricted to a very narrow, shallow zone, where grazing pressure may be limited due to harsh hydrodynamic conditions. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we demonstrated that the presence of canopy algae is negatively correlated with the biomass of the invasive Siganus spp. and sea urchins. The loss of Cystoseira s.l. forests is alarming, and urgent conservation actions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Nikolaou
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | | | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 31080, Israel
- The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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Lattuca ME, Vanella FA, Malanga G, Rubel MD, Manríquez PH, Torres R, Alter K, Marras S, Peck MA, Domenici P, Fernández DA. Ocean acidification and seasonal temperature extremes combine to impair the thermal physiology of a sub-Antarctic fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159284. [PMID: 36209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To predict the potential impacts of climate change on marine organisms, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors constrain the physiology and distribution of species. We evaluated the effects of seasonal changes in seawater temperature and near-future ocean acidification (OA) on organismal and sub-organismal traits associated with the thermal performance of Eleginops maclovinus, a sub-Antarctic notothenioid species with economic importance to sport and artisanal fisheries in southern South America. Juveniles were exposed to mean winter and summer sea surface temperatures (4 and 10 °C) at present-day and near-future pCO2 levels (~500 and 1800 μatm). After a month, the Critical Thermal maximum and minimum (CTmax, CTmin) of fish were measured using the Critical Thermal Methodology and the aerobic scope of fish was measured based on the difference between their maximal and standard rates determined from intermittent flow respirometry. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant capacity were also quantified to estimate the oxidative damage potentially caused to gill and liver tissue. Although CTmax and CTmin were higher in individuals acclimated to summer versus winter temperatures, the increase in CTmax was minimal in juveniles exposed to the near-future compared to present-day pCO2 levels (there was a significant interaction between temperature and pCO2 on CTmax). The reduction in the thermal tolerance range under summer temperatures and near-future OA conditions was associated with a reduction in the aerobic scope observed at the elevated pCO2 level. Moreover, an oxidative stress condition was detected in the gill and liver tissues. Thus, chronic exposure to OA and the current summer temperatures pose limits to the thermal performance of juvenile E. maclovinus at the organismal and sub-organismal levels, making this species vulnerable to projected climate-driven warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina.
| | - Fabián A Vanella
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyB - UBA), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL - CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano D Rubel
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Bernardo Ossandón 877, 1781681 Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Larrondo 1281, 1781421 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), José de Moraleda 16, 5951369 Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Av. El Bosque 01789, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marras
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Domenici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Area di Ricerca San Cataldo, Via G. Moruzzi N°1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina
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8
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Santana-Garcon J, Bennett S, Marbà N, Vergés A, Arthur R, Alcoverro T. Tropicalization shifts herbivore pressure from seagrass to rocky reef communities. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221744. [PMID: 36629100 PMCID: PMC9832549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-driven species redistributions are reshuffling the composition of marine ecosystems. How these changes alter ecosystem functions, however, remains poorly understood. Here we examine how impacts of herbivory change across a gradient of tropicalization in the Mediterranean Sea, which includes a steep climatic gradient and marked changes in plant nutritional quality and fish herbivore composition. We quantified individual feeding rates and behaviour of 755 fishes of the native Sarpa salpa, and non-native Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus. We measured herbivore and benthic assemblage composition across 20 sites along the gradient, spanning 30° of longitude and 8° of latitude. We coupled patterns in behaviour and composition with temperature measurements and nutrient concentrations to assess changes in herbivory under tropicalization. We found a transition in ecological impacts by fish herbivory across the Mediterranean from a predominance of seagrass herbivory in the west to a dominance of macroalgal herbivory in the east. Underlying this shift were changes in both individual feeding behaviour (i.e. food choice) and fish assemblage composition. The shift in feeding selectivity was consistent among temperate and warm-affiliated herbivores. Our findings suggest herbivory can contribute to the increased vulnerability of seaweed communities and reduced vulnerability of seagrass meadows in tropicalized ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Santana-Garcon
- Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Spain,Flourishing Oceans Initiative, The Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott Bennett
- Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Spain,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Núria Marbà
- Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Spain
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohan Arthur
- Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, Karnataka 570 002, India,Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Nature Conservation Foundation, 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park, Mysore, Karnataka 570 002, India,Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain
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9
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McInturf AG, Zillig KW, Cook K, Fukumoto J, Jones A, Patterson E, Cocherell DE, Michel CJ, Caillaud D, Fangue NA. In hot water? Assessing the link between fundamental thermal physiology and predation of juvenile Chinook salmon. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. McInturf
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group University of California Davis California USA
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Oregon State University Newport Oregon USA
| | - Ken W. Zillig
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
- Graduate Group in Ecology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Katherine Cook
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Jacqueline Fukumoto
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Anna Jones
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Emily Patterson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Dennis E. Cocherell
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Cyril J. Michel
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis California USA
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis California USA
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10
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Azzurro E, Smeraldo S, D'Amen M. Spatio-temporal dynamics of exotic fish species in the Mediterranean Sea: Over a century of invasion reconstructed. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6268-6279. [PMID: 36052733 PMCID: PMC9826093 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With over a thousand of introduced species, the Mediterranean is the most heavily invaded marine region in the world. Yet, the spatio-temporal dynamics of this bioinvasion has never been analysed. Examination of a comprehensive dataset of 4015 georeferenced observations, extracted from the scientific literature, allowed (i) reconstructing the invasion and the introduction and post-introduction dynamics of exotic fish species, (ii) calculating introduction and spread rates, and (iii) investigating the time correlates since introduction. Our analysis encompasses 188 fish species that entered the Mediterranean from 1896 to 2020, including 25 Atlantic species that naturally expanded their range through the Strait of Gibraltar. Cumulative occurrences, reported in 264 distribution maps, documented the progressive expansion of the most represented species and the spatio-temporal patterns associated with three introduction routes: the Suez Canal (CAN); other human-mediated vectors (HM) and the Strait of Gibraltar (NRE). The arrival rate of the species introduced through all three routes increased steeply after 1990, without a sign of saturation. Data analysis highlighted some temporal and geographical patterns, such as the effect and eventual weakening of the biogeographical barriers represented by the Strait of Sicily and the North Aegean Sea and the asymmetrical distribution of occurrences along the northern and southern Mediterranean coasts. Finally, there was an exponential increase in the secondary spread rates of CAN and NRE immigrants, as the more recent introductions achieved the fastest geographical expansions. Our findings provide a detailed and spatially explicit summary of a massive invasion that has changed the history of the Mediterranean biota and represent a remarkable example of rapid biotic homogenization in the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Azzurro
- IRBIM CNRInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies – National Research CouncilAnconaItaly
- Zoologica Station Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
| | - Sonia Smeraldo
- IRBIM CNRInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies – National Research CouncilAnconaItaly
- Zoologica Station Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoNaplesItaly
| | - Manuela D'Amen
- IRBIM CNRInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies – National Research CouncilAnconaItaly
- Zoologica Station Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
- The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ‐ ISPRA (PRES‐PSMA)RomeItaly
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11
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Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Lika K, Pavlidis M, Asaad MH, Papandroulakis N. Metabolic scope, performance and tolerance of juvenile European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax upon acclimation to high temperatures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272510. [PMID: 35960751 PMCID: PMC9374223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
European sea bass is a species of great commercial value for fisheries and aquaculture. Rising temperatures may jeopardize the performance and survival of the species across its distribution and farming range, making the investigation of its thermal responses highly relevant. In this article, the metabolic scope, performance, and tolerance of juvenile E. sea bass reared under three high water temperatures (24, 28, 33°C), for a period of three months was evaluated via analysis of selected growth performance and physiological indicators. Effects on molecular, hormonal, and biochemical variables were analyzed along with effects of acclimation temperature on the metabolic rate and Critical Thermal maximum (CTmax). Despite signs of thermal stress at 28°C indicated by high plasma cortisol and lactate levels as well as the upregulation of genes coding for Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), E. sea bass can maintain high performance at that temperature which is encouraging for the species culture in the context of a warming ocean. Critical survivability thresholds appear sharply close to 33°C, where the aerobic capacity declines and the overall performance diminishes. European sea bass demonstrates appreciable capacity to cope with acute thermal stress exhibiting CTmax as high as 40°C for fish acclimated at high temperatures, which may indicate resilience to future heatwaves events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Konstadia Lika
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michail Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mohamed H. Asaad
- Beacon Development, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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12
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Last snail standing? superior thermal resilience of an alien tropical intertidal gastropod over natives in an ocean-warming hotspot. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Anlauf-Dunn K, Kraskura K, Eliason EJ. Intraspecific variability in thermal tolerance: a case study with coastal cutthroat trout. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac029. [PMID: 35693034 PMCID: PMC9178963 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fish physiological performance is directly regulated by their thermal environment. Intraspecific comparisons are essential to ascertain the vulnerability of fish populations to climate change and to identify which populations may be more susceptible to extirpation and which may be more resilient to continued warming. In this study, we sought to evaluate how thermal performance varies in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) across four distinct watersheds in OR, USA. Specifically, we measured oxygen consumption rates in trout from the four watersheds with variable hydrologic and thermal regimes, comparing three ecologically relevant temperature treatments (ambient, annual maximum and novel warm). Coastal cutthroat trout displayed considerable intraspecific variability in physiological performance and thermal tolerance across the four watersheds. Thermal tolerance matched the historical experience: the coastal watersheds experiencing warmer ambient temperatures had higher critical thermal tolerance compared with the interior, cooler Willamette watersheds. Physiological performance varied across all four watersheds and there was evidence of a trade-off between high aerobic performance and broad thermal tolerance. Given the evidence of climate regime shifts across the globe, the uncertainty in both the rate and extent of warming and species responses in the near and long term, a more nuanced approach to the management and conservation of native fish species must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Anlauf-Dunn
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 28655
Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology,
University of California Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology,
University of California Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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14
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Cascarano MC, Stavrakidis-Zachou O, Mladineo I, Thompson KD, Papandroulakis N, Katharios P. Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:1205. [PMID: 34578236 PMCID: PMC8466566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Biology Center of Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - Nikos Papandroulakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.C.); (O.S.-Z.); (N.P.)
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15
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Lin L, Deng W, Huang X, Liu Y, Huang L, Kang B. How fish traits and functional diversity respond to environmental changes and species invasion in the largest river in Southeastern China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11824. [PMID: 34386304 PMCID: PMC8312501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater fish populations are facing multiple stressors, including climate change, species invasion, and anthropogenic interference. Temporal studies of fish functional diversity and community assembly rules based on trait-environment relationships provide insights into fish community structure in riverine ecosystems. Methods Fish samples were collected in 2015 in the Min River, the largest freshwater riverine system in Southeastern China. Fish functional diversity was compared with the background investigation in 1979. Changes in functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional beta diversity were analyzed. Relationships between functional diversity and environmental factors were modeled by random forest regression. Correlations between fish functional traits and environmental factors were detected by fourth-corner combined with RLQ analysis. Results Functional richness was significantly reduced in 2015 compared with 1979. Functional beta diversity in 2015 was significantly higher than that in 1979, with functional nestedness being the driving component. Reduction of functional richness and domination of functional nestedness is associated with species loss. Trait convergence was the dominant mechanism driving the temporal changes of functional diversity. Precipitation, temperature, species invasion, and human population were the most significant factors driving fish functional diversity. Higher precipitation, higher temperature, and presence of invasive species were significantly associated with higher swimming factor and higher relative eye diameter, while the opposite environmental conditions were significantly associated with higher pectoral fin length and eurytopic water flow preference. Conclusions Environmental filtering is the dominant temporal assembly mechanism shaping fish community structure. This work contributes to the understanding of temporal freshwater fish community assembly and the associations between fish functional structure and local environmental conditions, which will be informative for future freshwater fish conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weide Deng
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer Over the Low-Latitude Plateau Region, School of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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16
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McKenzie DJ, Zhang Y, Eliason EJ, Schulte PM, Claireaux G, Blasco FR, Nati JJH, Farrell AP. Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1536-1555. [PMID: 33216368 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates strongly that this is the case, possibly because of universal physiological principles. The second is intraspecific variation that is because of phenotypic plasticity, also a mechanistic phenomenon that buffers individuals' sensitivity to negative impacts of global warming in their lifetime, or to some extent through epigenetic effects over successive generations. Although the evidence for plasticity in tolerance to warming is extensive, more work is required to understand underlying mechanisms and to reveal whether there are general patterns. The third element is intraspecific variation based on heritable genetic differences in tolerance, which underlies local adaptation and may define long-term adaptability of a species in the face of ongoing global change. There is clear evidence of local adaptation and some evidence of heritability of tolerance to warming, but the knowledge base is limited with detailed information for only a few model or emblematic species. There is also strong evidence of structured variation in tolerance of warming within species, which may have ecological and evolutionary significance irrespective of whether it reflects plasticity or adaptation. Although the overwhelming consensus is that having broader intraspecific variation in tolerance should reduce species vulnerability to impacts of global warming, there are no sufficient data on fishes to provide insights into particular mechanisms by which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julie J H Nati
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Thermal responses of two sub-Antarctic notothenioid fishes, the black southern cod Patagonotothen tessellata (Richardson, 1845) and the Magellan plunderfish Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, 1801), from southern South America. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Lefevre S, Wang T, McKenzie DJ. The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238840. [PMID: 33627469 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Warming of aquatic environments as a result of climate change is already having measurable impacts on fishes, manifested as changes in phenology, range shifts and reductions in body size. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these seemingly universal patterns is crucial if we are to reliably predict the fate of fish populations with future warming. This includes an understanding of mechanisms for acute thermal tolerance, as extreme heatwaves may be a major driver of observed effects. The hypothesis of gill oxygen limitation (GOL) is claimed to explain asymptotic fish growth, and why some fish species are decreasing in size with warming; but its underlying assumptions conflict with established knowledge and direct mechanistic evidence is lacking. The hypothesis of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) has stimulated a wave of research into the role of oxygen supply capacity and thermal performance curves for aerobic scope, but results vary greatly between species, indicating that it is unlikely to be a universal mechanism. As thermal performance curves remain important for incorporating physiological tolerance into models, we discuss potentially fruitful alternatives to aerobic scope, notably specific dynamic action and growth rate. We consider the limitations of estimating acute thermal tolerance by a single rapid measure whose mechanism of action is not known. We emphasise the continued importance of experimental physiology, particularly in advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms, but also the challenge of making this knowledge relevant to the more complex reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David J McKenzie
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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19
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Linking multiple aspects of thermal performance to explore the potential for thermal resource partitioning between a native and an invasive crayfish. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102864. [PMID: 33863428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists require standardized, ecologically relevant information on the thermal ecology of aquatic ectotherms to address growing concerns related to changing climates, altered habitats, and introduced species. We measured multiple thermal endpoints to investigate potential for establishment of the invasive Ringed Crayfish (Faxonius neglectus) in thermally heterogeneous habitat of the narrowly distributed endemic Coldwater Crayfish (Faxonius eupunctus). For each species, we examined the relationships between thermal endpoints at the cellular and organismal levels. We then compared results between the two species to gain insight as to the generality of linkages between cellular and organismal-level endpoints, as well as the potential for thermal niche separation between the native and potential invader. At the cellular level, we found no differences in the temperature for maximum activity of electron transport system enzymes (ETSmax) between species. At the organismal level, F. neglectus preferred significantly warmer temperatures than F. eupunctus, but this difference was small (1.3 °C) and likely to have only limited biological significance. The critical thermal maximum (CTM) did not differ between species. For both species, the thermal performance curve for ETS enzyme activity served as a useful framework to link thermal endpoints and estimate the transition from optimal to stressful temperatures - organismal thermal preference and optimal temperature estimates consistently fell below ETSmax whereas CTM estimates fell above ETSmax. Taken together, the strong similarities in thermal endpoint patterns between the two species suggest habitats thermally suitable for the native F. eupunctus will also be thermally available to expanding populations of F. neglectus, thereby increasing the opportunity for negative interactions and population effects if F. neglectus invades one of the few remaining, uninvaded, critical habitats of F. eupunctus.
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20
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Christensen EAF, Norin T, Tabak I, van Deurs M, Behrens JW. Effects of temperature on physiological performance and behavioral thermoregulation in an invasive fish, the round goby. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb237669. [PMID: 33257434 PMCID: PMC7823162 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species exert negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems on a global scale, which may be enhanced in the future by climate change. Knowledge of how invasive species respond physiologically and behaviorally to novel and changing environments can improve our understanding of which traits enable the ecological success of these species, and potentially facilitate mitigation efforts. We examined the effects of acclimation to temperatures ranging from 5 to 28°C on aerobic metabolic rates, upper temperature tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTmax), as well as temperature preference (Tpref) and avoidance (Tavoid) of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), one of the most impactful invasive species in the world. We show that round goby maintained a high aerobic scope from 15 to 28°C; that is, the capacity to increase its aerobic metabolic rate above that of its maintenance metabolism remained high across a broad thermal range. Although CTmax increased relatively little with acclimation temperature compared with other species, Tpref and Tavoid were not affected by acclimation temperature at all, meaning that round goby maintained a large thermal safety margin (CTmax-Tavoid) across acclimation temperatures, indicating a high level of thermal resilience in this species. The unperturbed physiological performance and high thermal resilience were probably facilitated by high levels of phenotypic buffering, which can make species readily adaptable and ecologically competitive in novel and changing environments. We suggest that these physiological and behavioral traits could be common for invasive species, which would only increase their success under continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil A F Christensen
- Section for Marine Living Resources, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Norin
- Section for Marine Living Resources, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Iren Tabak
- Section for Marine Living Resources, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael van Deurs
- Section for Marine Living Resources, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane W Behrens
- Section for Marine Living Resources, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Christensen EAF, Norin T, Tabak I, van Deurs M, Behrens JW. Effects of temperature on physiological performance and behavioral thermoregulation in an invasive fish, the round goby. J Exp Biol 2021. [PMID: 33257434 PMCID: PMC7823162 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237669 10.1242/jeb.237669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species exert negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems on a global scale, which may be enhanced in the future by climate change. Knowledge of how invasive species respond physiologically and behaviorally to novel and changing environments can improve our understanding of which traits enable the ecological success of these species, and potentially facilitate mitigation efforts. We examined the effects of acclimation to temperatures ranging from 5 to 28°C on aerobic metabolic rates, upper temperature tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTmax), as well as temperature preference (T pref) and avoidance (T avoid) of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), one of the most impactful invasive species in the world. We show that round goby maintained a high aerobic scope from 15 to 28°C; that is, the capacity to increase its aerobic metabolic rate above that of its maintenance metabolism remained high across a broad thermal range. Although CTmax increased relatively little with acclimation temperature compared with other species, T pref and T avoid were not affected by acclimation temperature at all, meaning that round goby maintained a large thermal safety margin (CTmax-T avoid) across acclimation temperatures, indicating a high level of thermal resilience in this species. The unperturbed physiological performance and high thermal resilience were probably facilitated by high levels of phenotypic buffering, which can make species readily adaptable and ecologically competitive in novel and changing environments. We suggest that these physiological and behavioral traits could be common for invasive species, which would only increase their success under continued climate change.
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22
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Smit C, Javal M, Lehmann P, Terblanche JS. Metabolic responses to starvation and feeding contribute to the invasiveness of an emerging pest insect. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 128:104162. [PMID: 33189714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rate, and the flexibility thereof, is a complex trait involving several inter-linked variables that can influence animal energetics, behavior, and ultimately, fitness. Metabolic traits respond readily to ambient temperature variation, in some cases increasing relative or absolute energetic costs, while in other cases, depending on the organism's metabolic and behavioral responses to changing conditions, resulting in substantial energy savings. To gain insight into the rapid recent emergence of the indigenous South African longhorn beetle Cacosceles newmannii as a crop pest in sugarcane, a better understanding of its metabolic rate, feeding response, digestion times, and aerobic scope is required, in conjunction with any behavioral responses to food availability or limitation thereof. Here, we therefore experimentally determined metabolic rate, estimated indirectly as CO2 production using flow-through respirometry, in starved, fasted, and fed C. newmannii larvae, at 20 °C and 30 °C. We estimated multiple parameters of metabolic rate (starved, standard, active, and maximum metabolic rates) as well as aerobic scope (AS), specific dynamic action (SDA), and the percentage time active during respirometry trials. Additionally, in individuals that showed cyclic or discontinuous gas exchange patterns, we compared rate, volume, and duration of cycles, and how these were influenced by temperature. Standard and active metabolic rate, and AS and SDA were significantly higher in the larvae measured at 30 °C than those measured at 20 °C. By contrast, starved and maximum metabolic rates and percentage time active were unaffected by temperature. At rest and after digestion was complete, 35% of larvae showed cyclic gas exchange at both temperatures; 5% and 15% showed continuous gas exchange at 20 °C and 30 °C respectively, and 10% and 0% showed discontinuous gas exchange at 20 °C and 30 °C respectively. We propose that the ability of C. newmannii larvae to survive extended periods of resource limitation, combined with a rapid ability to process food upon securing resources, even at cooler conditions that would normally suppress digestion in tropical insects, may have contributed to their ability to feed on diverse low energy resources typical of their host plants, and become pests of, and thrive on, a high energy host plant like sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Smit
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Marion Javal
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Brewster CL, Ortega J, Beaupre SJ. Integrating bioenergetics and conservation biology: thermal sensitivity of digestive performance in Eastern Collared Lizards ( Crotaphytus collaris) may affect population persistence. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa018. [PMID: 32274065 PMCID: PMC7125047 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information on bioenergetics can provide valuable insight into the ecology, life history and population dynamics of organisms. For ectothermic animals, thermal sensitivity of digestion is an important determinant of net assimilated energy budgets. A recent study in the Ozark Mountains indicated that eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) restricted to encroached glades (characterized by woody vegetation encroachment) experience reduced environmental heat loads and have reduced age-specific growth and reproductive rates compared to populations in intact glades. To assess the potential impact of reduced body temperatures on assimilation rates of C. collaris in encroached glades, we conducted feeding trials across four temperature treatments (28, 31, 34 and 37°C). We tested for temperature effects on voluntary feeding rates, passage times, apparent assimilated energy (AE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Passage times decreased and voluntary feeding rates increased significantly with increasing temperature. Consumption explained the majority of variance in AE and ME, followed by the effect of temperature treatments. Using data on voluntary feeding rates, passage times and ME as a function of temperature, we estimated over a 10-fold increase in predicted daily assimilated energy across temperature treatments (28°C = 0.58 kJ/day, 31°C = 1.20 kJ/day, 34°C = 4.30 kJ/day, 37°C = 7.95 kJ/day). Thus, lower heat loads in encroached glades may cause reduced body temperature and result in restricted energy assimilation rates. Our study provides a novel approach to the integration of bioenergetics and conservation and shows the efficacy of using information on digestive performance to investigate underlying mechanisms in a conservation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Brewster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jason Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Steven J Beaupre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Hasenei A, Kerstetter DW, Horodysky AZ, Brill RW. Physiological limits to inshore invasion of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.): insights from the functional characteristics of their visual system and hypoxia tolerance. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Duncan MI, James NC, Potts WM, Bates AE. Different drivers, common mechanism; the distribution of a reef fish is restricted by local-scale oxygen and temperature constraints on aerobic metabolism. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa090. [PMID: 33654546 PMCID: PMC7904075 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of ectothermic marine organisms are limited to temperature ranges and oxygen conditions that support aerobic respiration, quantified within the metabolic index (ϕ) as the ratio of oxygen supply to metabolic oxygen demand. However, the utility of ϕ at local scales and across heterogenous environments is unknown; yet, these scales are often where actionable management decisions are made. Here, we test if ϕ can delimit the entire distribution of marine organisms when calibrated across an appropriate temperature range and at local scales (~10 km) using the endemic reef fish, Chrysoblephus laticeps, which is found in the highly heterogenous temperature and oxygen environment along the South African coastal zone, as a model species. In laboratory experiments, we find a bidirectional (at 12°C) hypoxia tolerance response across the temperature range tested (8 to 24°C), permitting a piecewise calibration of ϕ. We then project this calibrated ϕ model through temperature and oxygen data from a high spatial resolution (11 to 13 km) ocean model for the periods 2005 to 2009 and 2095 to 2099 to quantify various magnitudes of ϕ across space and time paired with complementary C. laticeps occurrence points. Using random forest species distribution models, we quantify a critical ϕ value of 2.78 below which C. laticeps cannot persist and predict current and future distributions of C. laticeps in line with already observed distribution shifts of other South African marine species. Overall, we find that C. laticeps' distribution is limited by increasing temperatures towards its warm edge but by low oxygen availability towards its cool edge, which is captured within ϕ at fine scales and across heterogenous oxygen and temperature combinations. Our results support the application of ϕ for generating local- and regional-scale predictions of climate change effects on organisms that can inform local conservation management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray I Duncan
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 11 Somerset street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
- Corresponding author: Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA.
| | - Nicola C James
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 11 Somerset street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
| | - Warren M Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Rd, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Yeruham E, Shpigel M, Abelson A, Rilov G. Ocean warming and tropical invaders erode the performance of a key herbivore. Ecology 2019; 101:e02925. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Yeruham
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research National Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 8030 Haifa 31080 Israel
- Marine Biology Department Charney School of Marine Science University of Haifa Haifa 3498838 Israel
| | - M. Shpigel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat P.O. Box 469 Eilat 88103 Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station Department of Marine Biology Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences University of Haifa Haifa 3498838 Israel
| | - A. Abelson
- School of Zoology The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - G. Rilov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research National Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 8030 Haifa 31080 Israel
- Marine Biology Department Charney School of Marine Science University of Haifa Haifa 3498838 Israel
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Cacabelos E, Martins GM, Faria J, Prestes ACL, Costa T, Moreu I, Neto AI. Limited effects of marine protected areas on the distribution of invasive species, despite positive effects on diversity in shallow-water marine communities. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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McHenry J, Welch H, Lester SE, Saba V. Projecting marine species range shifts from only temperature can mask climate vulnerability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4208-4221. [PMID: 31487434 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing range shifts in many marine species, with implications for biodiversity and fisheries. Previous research has mainly focused on how species' ranges will respond to changing ocean temperatures, without accounting for other environmental covariates that could affect future distribution patterns. Here, we integrate habitat suitability modeling approaches, a high-resolution global climate model projection, and detailed fishery-independent and -dependent faunal datasets from one of the most extensively monitored marine ecosystems-the U.S. Northeast Shelf. We project the responses of 125 species in this region to climate-driven changes in multiple oceanographic factors (e.g., ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface height) and seabed characteristics (i.e., rugosity and depth). Comparing model outputs based on ocean temperature and seabed characteristics to those that also incorporated salinity and sea surface height (proxies for primary productivity and ocean circulation features), we explored how an emphasis on ocean temperature in projecting species' range shifts can impact assessments of species' climate vulnerability. We found that multifactor habitat suitability models performed better in explaining and predicting species historical distribution patterns than temperature-based models. We also found that multifactor models provided more concerning assessments of species' future distribution patterns than temperature-based models, projecting that species' ranges will largely shift northward and become more contracted and fragmented over time. Our results suggest that using ocean temperature as a primary determinant of range shifts can significantly alter projections, masking species' climate vulnerability, and potentially forestalling proactive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McHenry
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Saba
- NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
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29
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Jia Y, Kennard MJ, Liu Y, Sui X, Chen Y, Li K, Wang G, Chen Y. Understanding invasion success of Pseudorasbora parva in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Insights from life-history and environmental filters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133739. [PMID: 31756834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of fish invasion success is crucial to controlling existing invasions and preventing potential future spread. Despite considerable advances in explaining successful fish invasions, little is known about how non-native fish successfully invade alpine freshwater ecosystems. Here, we explore the role of fish life history and environmental factors in contributing to invasion success of Pseudorasbora parva on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We compared life history trait differences between native populations in lowland China with introduced populations in lowland Europe and the high elevation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse life-history trait variation across elevation gradients. A random forest model was developed to identify the key environmental filters influencing P. parva invasion success. Life history characteristics differed substantially between native and introduced populations. Compared with native Chinese populations, introduced populations in lowland Europe had smaller body size, higher fecundity, smaller oocytes and earlier maturation. Introduced populations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had smaller body size, lower fecundity, smaller oocytes and later maturation compared with native populations. 1-Year-Length and fecundity in all age classes of females significantly increased with increasing elevation. 2-Year-Length and 3-Year-Length of male significantly increased while maximal longevity and length at first maturity were significantly decreased with the elevation gradient. Habitat type, annual mean temperature, elevation, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality, were the 5 most important predictors for the occurrence of the P. parva. Our study indicates that invasive P. parva adopt different life history strategies on the plateau compared with invasive populations at low elevations, highlighting that more studies are required for a better understanding of biological invasion under extreme conditions. Considering the ongoing hydrologic alteration and climate change, our study also highlighted that P. parva may expand their distribution range in the future on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintao Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mark J Kennard
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Sui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kemao Li
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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30
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Christensen EAF, Stieglitz JD, Grosell M, Steffensen JF. Intra-Specific Difference in the Effect of Salinity on Physiological Performance in European Perch ( Perca fluviatilis) and Its Ecological Importance for Fish in Estuaries. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040089. [PMID: 31744192 PMCID: PMC6956070 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Changes in environmental salinity challenge fish homeostasis and may affect physiological performance, such as swimming capacity and metabolism, which are important for foraging, migration, and escaping predators in the wild. The effects of salinity stress on physiological performance are largely species specific, but may also depend on intra-specific differences in physiological capabilities of sub-populations. We measured critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and metabolic rates during swimming and at rest at salinities of 0 and 10 in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a low salinity tolerance population (LSTP) and a high salinity tolerance population (HSTP). Ucrit of LSTP was significantly reduced at a salinity of 10 yet was unaffected by salinity change in HSTP. We did not detect a significant cost of osmoregulation, which should theoretically be apparent from the metabolic rates during swimming and at rest at a salinity of 0 compared to at a salinity of 10 (iso-osmotic). Maximum metabolic rates were also not affected by salinity, indicating a modest tradeoff between respiration and osmoregulation (osmo-respiratory compromise). Intra-specific differences in effects of salinity on physiological performance are important for fish species to maintain ecological compatibility in estuarine environments, yet render these sub-populations vulnerable to fisheries. The findings of the present study are therefore valuable knowledge in conservation and management of estuarine fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil A. F. Christensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Elsinore, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - John D. Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Elsinore, Denmark;
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31
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Steell SC, Van Leeuwen TE, Brownscombe JW, Cooke SJ, Eliason EJ. An appetite for invasion: digestive physiology, thermal performance and food intake in lionfish ( Pterois spp.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209437. [PMID: 31527176 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Species invasions threaten global biodiversity, and physiological characteristics may determine their impact. Specific dynamic action (SDA; the increase in metabolic rate associated with feeding and digestion) is one such characteristic, strongly influencing an animal's energy budget and feeding ecology. We investigated the relationship between SDA, scope for activity, metabolic phenotype, temperature and feeding frequency in lionfish (Pterois spp.), which are invasive to western Atlantic marine ecosystems. Intermittent-flow respirometry was used to determine SDA, scope for activity and metabolic phenotype at 26°C and 32°C. Maximum metabolic rate occurred during digestion, as opposed to exhaustive exercise, as in more athletic species. SDA and its duration (SDAdur) were 30% and 45% lower at 32°C than at 26°C, respectively, and lionfish ate 42% more at 32°C. Despite a 32% decline in scope for activity from 26°C to 32°C, aerobic scope may have increased by 24%, as there was a higher range between standard metabolic rate (SMR) and peak SDA (SDApeak; the maximum postprandial metabolic rate). Individuals with high SMR and low scope for activity phenotypes had a less costly SDA and shorter SDAdur but a higher SDApeak Feeding frequently had a lower and more consistent cost than consuming a single meal, but increased SDApeak These findings demonstrate that: (1) lionfish are robust physiological performers in terms of SDA and possibly aerobic scope at temperatures approaching their thermal maximum, (2) lionfish may consume more prey as oceans warm with climate change, and (3) metabolic phenotype and feeding frequency may be important mediators of feeding ecology in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clay Steell
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Travis E Van Leeuwen
- The Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 80 East White Hills Road, PO Box 5667, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5X1
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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32
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Critical thermal tolerance of invasion: Comparative niche breadth of two invasive lizards. J Therm Biol 2019; 86:102432. [PMID: 31789228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of thermal tolerance in ectotherms is particularly important given the current period of rapid change in the environment and thermal climate. Specifically, introduced species have the potential to evolve different thermal tolerances than native populations due to rapid evolution and novel selection pressures. Our study examined critical thermal tolerance in two introduced lizard species, the European wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in Ohio and Kentucky, and the Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) from Texas through Alabama. We tested the hypotheses that critical thermal maximum, minimum, and breadth varies among introduced populations of P. muralis and H. turcicus, and that critical thermal tolerance broadens when moving away from the introduction site, because dispersal across novel environments may remove dispersers with narrow thermal tolerances. We found that among P. muralis populations, CTmin and thermal breadth were significantly different. Specifically, when moving away from the introduction site, lizards exhibited increased cold tolerance and broader thermal breadth. Variability in thermal parameters were also lowest at the site closest to the introduction point in P. muralis. In contrast, H. turcicus had no significant differences in critical thermal minimum, maximum, or breadth among sites, or with respect to distance from introduction point. However, we did find little variability in thermal maximum, compared to greater variability in overall tolerance and critical thermal minimums. Thus, this study shows that selection on thermal tolerance and dispersal characteristics occur in novel climatic environments. Understanding how thermal tolerance changes over time can aid in predicting establishment and movement of introduced species, with applications for native species during a time of global climatic change.
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Azzurro E, Sbragaglia V, Cerri J, Bariche M, Bolognini L, Ben Souissi J, Busoni G, Coco S, Chryssanthi A, Fanelli E, Ghanem R, Garrabou J, Gianni F, Grati F, Kolitari J, Letterio G, Lipej L, Mazzoldi C, Milone N, Pannacciulli F, Pešić A, Samuel-Rhoads Y, Saponari L, Tomanic J, Eda Topçu N, Vargiu G, Moschella P. Climate change, biological invasions, and the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes: A large-scale survey based on local ecological knowledge. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2779-2792. [PMID: 31111639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and biological invasions are rapidly reshuffling species distribution, restructuring the biological communities of many ecosystems worldwide. Tracking these transformations in the marine environment is crucial, but our understanding of climate change effects and invasive species dynamics is often hampered by the practical challenge of surveying large geographical areas. Here, we focus on the Mediterranean Sea, a hot spot for climate change and biological invasions to investigate recent spatiotemporal changes in fish abundances and distribution. To this end, we accessed the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of small-scale and recreational fishers, reconstructing the dynamics of fish perceived as "new" or increasing in different fishing areas. Over 500 fishers across 95 locations and nine different countries were interviewed, and semiquantitative information on yearly changes in species abundance was collected. Overall, 75 species were mentioned by the respondents, mostly warm-adapted species of both native and exotic origin. Respondents belonging to the same biogeographic sectors described coherent spatial and temporal patterns, and gradients along latitudinal and longitudinal axes were revealed. This information provides a more complete understanding of the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes and it also demonstrates that adequately structured LEK methodology might be applied successfully beyond the local scale, across national borders and jurisdictions. Acknowledging this potential through macroregional coordination could pave the way for future large-scale aggregations of individual observations, increasing our potential for integrated monitoring and conservation planning at the regional or even global level. This might help local communities to better understand, manage, and adapt to the ongoing biotic transformations driven by climate change and biological invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Azzurro
- ISPRA, Livorno, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Pešić
- Institute of Marine Biology Kotor, Kotor, Montenegro
| | | | - Luca Saponari
- Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Vargiu
- Parco Nazionale dell'Asinara e Area Marina Protetta Isola dell'Asinara, Asinara, Italy
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Abstract
It is widely accepted that coral reefs are in decline globally, due to climate change as well as more direct human impacts such as poor water quality and overharvesting [1-3]. Biological invasions are also seen as a major threat [4-6]; however, they may not all be negative. An invasion of Red Sea rabbitfishes is disrupting Mediterranean ecosystems by removing macro-algae - meanwhile, in contrast, the Caribbean is suffering from excess macro-algal growth. We suggest that an invasion of the Caribbean by rabbitfishes may prove beneficial, and that the future of Caribbean coral reefs may depend upon a rabbitfish invasion.
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Madliger CL, Love OP, Hultine KR, Cooke SJ. The conservation physiology toolbox: status and opportunities. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy029. [PMID: 29942517 PMCID: PMC6007632 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
For over a century, physiological tools and techniques have been allowing researchers to characterize how organisms respond to changes in their natural environment and how they interact with human activities or infrastructure. Over time, many of these techniques have become part of the conservation physiology toolbox, which is used to monitor, predict, conserve, and restore plant and animal populations under threat. Here, we provide a summary of the tools that currently comprise the conservation physiology toolbox. By assessing patterns in articles that have been published in 'Conservation Physiology' over the past 5 years that focus on introducing, refining and validating tools, we provide an overview of where researchers are placing emphasis in terms of taxa and physiological sub-disciplines. Although there is certainly diversity across the toolbox, metrics of stress physiology (particularly glucocorticoids) and studies focusing on mammals have garnered the greatest attention, with both comprising the majority of publications (>45%). We also summarize the types of validations that are actively being completed, including those related to logistics (sample collection, storage and processing), interpretation of variation in physiological traits and relevance for conservation science. Finally, we provide recommendations for future tool refinement, with suggestions for: (i) improving our understanding of the applicability of glucocorticoid physiology; (ii) linking multiple physiological and non-physiological tools; (iii) establishing a framework for plant conservation physiology; (iv) assessing links between environmental disturbance, physiology and fitness; (v) appreciating opportunities for validations in under-represented taxa; and (vi) emphasizing tool validation as a core component of research programmes. Overall, we are confident that conservation physiology will continue to increase its applicability to more taxa, develop more non-invasive techniques, delineate where limitations exist, and identify the contexts necessary for interpretation in captivity and the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Madliger
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Domenici P, Steffensen JF, Marras S. The effect of hypoxia on fish schooling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0236. [PMID: 28673914 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-oxygen areas are expanding in the oceans as a result of climate change. Work carried out during the past two decades suggests that, in addition to impairing basic physiological functions, hypoxia can also affect fish behaviour. Given that many fish species are known to school, and that schooling is advantageous for their survival, the effect of hypoxia on schooling behaviour may have important ecological consequences. Here, we review the effects of hypoxia on school structure and dynamics, together with the mechanisms that cause an increase in school volume and that ultimately lead to school disruption. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia generates a number of trade-offs in terms of schooling positions and school structure. Field observations have found that large schools of fish can exacerbate hypoxic conditions, with potential consequences for school structure and size. Therefore, previous models that predict the maximum size attainable by fish schools in relation to oxygen levels are also reviewed. Finally, we suggest that studies on the effect of hypoxia on schooling need to be integrated with those on temperature and ocean acidifications within a framework aimed at increasing our ability to predict the effect of multiple stressors of climate change on fish behaviour.This article is part of the themed issue 'Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Domenici
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Torregrande 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Københavns Universitet, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Stefano Marras
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Torregrande 09170, Oristano, Italy
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37
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Guy-Haim T, Lyons DA, Kotta J, Ojaveer H, Queirós AM, Chatzinikolaou E, Arvanitidis C, Como S, Magni P, Blight AJ, Orav-Kotta H, Somerfield PJ, Crowe TP, Rilov G. Diverse effects of invasive ecosystem engineers on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functions: A global review and meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:906-924. [PMID: 29211336 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive ecosystem engineers (IEE) are potentially one of the most influential types of biological invaders. They are expected to have extensive ecological impacts by altering the physical-chemical structure of ecosystems, thereby changing the rules of existence for a broad range of resident biota. To test the generality of this expectation, we used a global systematic review and meta-analysis to examine IEE effects on the abundance of individual species and communities, biodiversity (using several indices) and ecosystem functions, focusing on marine and estuarine environments. We found that IEE had a significant effect (positive and negative) in most studies testing impacts on individual species, but the overall (cumulative) effect size was small and negative. Many individual studies showed strong IEE effects on community abundance and diversity, but the direction of effects was variable, leading to statistically non-significant overall effects in most categories. In contrast, there was a strong overall effect on most ecosystem functions we examined. IEE negatively affected metabolic functions and primary production, but positively affected nutrient flux, sedimentation and decomposition. We use the results to develop a conceptual model by highlighting pathways whereby IEE impact communities and ecosystem functions, and identify several sources of research bias in the IEE-related invasion literature. Only a few of the studies simultaneously quantified IEE effects on community/diversity and ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how IEE may alter biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships should be a primary focus of future studies of invasion biology. Moreover, the clear effects of IEE on ecosystem functions detected in our study suggest that scientists and environmental managers ought to examine how the effects of IEE might be manifested in the services that marine ecosystems provide to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
- GEOMAR, Marine Ecology, Helmholtz Centre of Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Devin A Lyons
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Henn Ojaveer
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Serena Como
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Andrew J Blight
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Helen Orav-Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Tasman P Crowe
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Hollins J, Thambithurai D, Koeck B, Crespel A, Bailey DM, Cooke SJ, Lindström J, Parsons KJ, Killen SS. A physiological perspective on fisheries-induced evolution. Evol Appl 2018; 11:561-576. [PMID: 29875803 PMCID: PMC5978952 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that intense fishing pressure is not only depleting fish stocks but also causing evolutionary changes to fish populations. In particular, body size and fecundity in wild fish populations may be altered in response to the high and often size‐selective mortality exerted by fisheries. While these effects can have serious consequences for the viability of fish populations, there are also a range of traits not directly related to body size which could also affect susceptibility to capture by fishing gears—and therefore fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE)—but which have to date been ignored. For example, overlooked within the context of FIE is the likelihood that variation in physiological traits could make some individuals within species more vulnerable to capture. Specifically, traits related to energy balance (e.g., metabolic rate), swimming performance (e.g., aerobic scope), neuroendocrinology (e.g., stress responsiveness) and sensory physiology (e.g., visual acuity) are especially likely to influence vulnerability to capture through a variety of mechanisms. Selection on these traits could produce major shifts in the physiological traits within populations in response to fishing pressure that are yet to be considered but which could influence population resource requirements, resilience, species’ distributions and responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Davide Thambithurai
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Amelie Crespel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - David M Bailey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jan Lindström
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Kevin J Parsons
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Renault D, Laparie M, McCauley SJ, Bonte D. Environmental Adaptations, Ecological Filtering, and Dispersal Central to Insect Invasions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:345-368. [PMID: 29029589 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insect invasions, the establishment and spread of nonnative insects in new regions, can have extensive economic and environmental consequences. Increased global connectivity accelerates rates of introductions, while climate change may decrease the barriers to invader species' spread. We follow an individual-level insect- and arachnid-centered perspective to assess how the process of invasion is influenced by phenotypic heterogeneity associated with dispersal and stress resistance, and their coupling, across the multiple steps of the invasion process. We also provide an overview and synthesis on the importance of environmental filters during the entire invasion process for the facilitation or inhibition of invasive insect population spread. Finally, we highlight important research gaps and the relevance and applicability of ongoing natural range expansions in the context of climate change to gain essential mechanistic insights into insect invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Laparie
- URZF, INRA, Forest Zoology Research Unit (0633), 45075 Orléans, France;
| | - Shannon J McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada;
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9090 Ghent, Belgium;
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40
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Gianni F, Bartolini F, Pey A, Laurent M, Martins GM, Airoldi L, Mangialajo L. Threats to large brown algal forests in temperate seas: the overlooked role of native herbivorous fish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6012. [PMID: 28729633 PMCID: PMC5519706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canopy-forming algae are declining globally due to multiple disturbances. This decline has recently been on the increase due to the spread of some tropical herbivorous fishes. This new phenomenon has drawn attention to the effects of fish herbivory in temperate areas, which have been assumed to be negligible compared to that of invertebrates, such as sea urchins. In this study, the impact of a Mediterranean native herbivorous fish (Sarpa salpa, salema) was assessed on the canopy-forming seaweed Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta. Cystoseira amentacea forms belts in the infralittoral fringe of wave-exposed shores, which has so far been considered a refuge from fish herbivory. To test the effects of salema feeding on natural C. amentacea belts, an innovative herbivore deterrent device was conceived. Salema had a significant effect on C. amentacea by decreasing algal size, biomass and fertility, by up to 97%. The results suggest that the contribution of salema feeding to the loss of Cystoseira forests in the Mediterranean may have been overlooked. In addition, the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of salema landings in the Mediterranean Sea suggests that salema abundance may have increased recently. Thus, along with invertebrate herbivory and anthropogenic stressors, fish herbivory may also represent a potential threat to algal forests in temperate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Gianni
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Nice, 06108, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, UMR 7093 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, 06230, France.
| | | | - Alexis Pey
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Nice, 06108, France
| | | | - Gustavo M Martins
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology & Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group (cE3c), University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali BIGEA, University of Bologna, UO CoNISMa, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Nice, 06108, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, UMR 7093 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, 06230, France
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41
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Lagos ME, White CR, Marshall DJ. Do invasive species live faster? Mass‐specific metabolic rate depends on growth form and invasion status. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo E. Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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42
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Evaluating dispersal potential of an invasive fish by the use of aerobic scope and osmoregulation capacity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176038. [PMID: 28423029 PMCID: PMC5397051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can impact marine biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. Once introduced into a new region, secondary dispersal is limited by the physiology of the organism in relation to the ambient environment and by complex interactions between a suite of ecological factors such as presence of predators, competitors, and parasites. Early prediction of dispersal potential and future ‘area of impact’ is challenging, but also a great asset in taking appropriate management actions. Aerobic scope (AS) in fish has been linked to various fitness-related parameters, and may be valuable in determining dispersal potential of aquatic invasive species in novel environments. Round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, one of the most wide-ranging invasive fish species in Europe and North America, currently thrives in brackish and fresh water, but its ability to survive in high salinity waters is unknown to date. We show that AS in round goby is reduced by 30% and blood plasma osmolality increased (indicating reduced capacity for osmoregulation) at salinities approaching oceanic conditions, following slow ramping (5 PSU per week) and subsequent long-term acclimation to salinities ranging between 0 and 30 PSU (8 days at final treatment salinities before blood plasma osmolality measurements, 12–20 additional days before respirometry). Survival was also reduced at the highest salinities yet a significant proportion (61%) of the fish survived at 30 PSU. Reduced physiological performance at the highest salinities may affect growth and competitive ability under oceanic conditions, but to what extent reduced AS and osmoregulatory capacity will slow the current 30 km year-1 rate of advance of the species through the steep salinity gradient from the brackish Baltic Sea and into the oceanic North Sea remains speculative. An unintended natural experiment is in progress to test whether the rate of advance slows down. At the current rate of advance the species will reach the oceanic North Sea by 2018/2019, therefore time for taking preventative action is short.
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McKenzie DJ, Axelsson M, Chabot D, Claireaux G, Cooke SJ, Corner RA, De Boeck G, Domenici P, Guerreiro PM, Hamer B, Jørgensen C, Killen SS, Lefevre S, Marras S, Michaelidis B, Nilsson GE, Peck MA, Perez-Ruzafa A, Rijnsdorp AD, Shiels HA, Steffensen JF, Svendsen JC, Svendsen MBS, Teal LR, van der Meer J, Wang T, Wilson JM, Wilson RW, Metcalfe JD. Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow046. [PMID: 27766156 PMCID: PMC5070530 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The state of the art of research on the environmental physiology of marine fishes is reviewed from the perspective of how it can contribute to conservation of biodiversity and fishery resources. A major constraint to application of physiological knowledge for conservation of marine fishes is the limited knowledge base; international collaboration is needed to study the environmental physiology of a wider range of species. Multifactorial field and laboratory studies on biomarkers hold promise to relate ecophysiology directly to habitat quality and population status. The 'Fry paradigm' could have broad applications for conservation physiology research if it provides a universal mechanism to link physiological function with ecological performance and population dynamics of fishes, through effects of abiotic conditions on aerobic metabolic scope. The available data indicate, however, that the paradigm is not universal, so further research is required on a wide diversity of species. Fish physiologists should interact closely with researchers developing ecological models, in order to investigate how integrating physiological information improves confidence in projecting effects of global change; for example, with mechanistic models that define habitat suitability based upon potential for aerobic scope or outputs of a dynamic energy budget. One major challenge to upscaling from physiology of individuals to the level of species and communities is incorporating intraspecific variation, which could be a crucial component of species' resilience to global change. Understanding what fishes do in the wild is also a challenge, but techniques of biotelemetry and biologging are providing novel information towards effective conservation. Overall, fish physiologists must strive to render research outputs more applicable to management and decision-making. There are various potential avenues for information flow, in the shorter term directly through biomarker studies and in the longer term by collaborating with modellers and fishery biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. McKenzie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Place E. Bataillon cc 093, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis Chabot
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, CanadaG5H 3Z4
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable. CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | | | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Pedro M. Guerreiro
- CCMAR – Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Christian Jørgensen
- Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity,Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical,Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sjannie Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Göran E. Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg 22767, Germany
| | - Angel Perez-Ruzafa
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jon C. Svendsen
- Section for Ecosystem-based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Jægersborg Allé 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Morten B. S. Svendsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Lorna R. Teal
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van der Meer
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QD, UK
| | - Julian D. Metcalfe
- Centre for Environment,Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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Milazzo M, Quattrocchi F, Azzurro E, Palmeri A, Chemello R, Di Franco A, Guidetti P, Sala E, Sciandra M, Badalamenti F, García-Charton JA. Warming-related shifts in the distribution of two competing coastal wrasses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:55-67. [PMID: 27428739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Warming induces organisms to adapt or to move to track thermal optima, driving novel interspecific interactions or altering pre-existing ones. We investigated how rising temperatures can affect the distribution of two antagonist Mediterranean wrasses: the 'warm-water' Thalassoma pavo and the 'cool-water' Coris julis. Using field surveys and an extensive database of depth-related patterns of distribution of wrasses across 346 sites, last-decade and projected patterns of distribution for the middle (2040-2059) and the end of century (2080-2099) were analysed by a multivariate model-based framework. Results show that T. pavo dominates shallow waters at warmest locations, where C. julis locates deeper. The northernmost shallow locations are dominated by C. julis where T. pavo abundance is low. Projections suggest that the W-Mediterranean will become more suitable for T. pavo whilst large sectors of the E-Mediterranean will be unsuitable for C. julis, progressively restricting its distribution range. These shifts might result in fish communities' re-arrangement and novel functional responses throughout the food-web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Federico Quattrocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Azzurro
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Sts. Livorno, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Chemello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE, University of Perpignan, CNRS, Perpignan, France
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UCA, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., USA; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Blanes, Spain
| | - Mariangela Sciandra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Badalamenti
- Laboratorio di Ecologia, CNR-IAMC, Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy
| | - José A García-Charton
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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45
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Azzurro E, Maynou F, Belmaker J, Golani D, Crooks JA. Lag times in Lessepsian fish invasion. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Lefevre S. Are global warming and ocean acidification conspiring against marine ectotherms? A meta-analysis of the respiratory effects of elevated temperature, high CO2 and their interaction. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow009. [PMID: 27382472 PMCID: PMC4922249 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the occurrence of global change, research aimed at estimating the performance of marine ectotherms in a warmer and acidified future has intensified. The concept of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance, which is inspired by the Fry paradigm of a bell-shaped increase-optimum-decrease-type response of aerobic scope to increasing temperature, but also includes proposed negative and synergistic effects of elevated CO2 levels, has been suggested as a unifying framework. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to assess the following: (i) the generality of a bell-shaped relationship between absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and temperature; (ii) to what extent elevated CO2 affects resting oxygen uptake MO2rest and AAS; and (iii) whether there is an interaction between elevated temperature and CO2. The behavioural effects of CO2 are also briefly discussed. In 31 out of 73 data sets (both acutely exposed and acclimated), AAS increased and remained above 90% of the maximum, whereas a clear thermal optimum was observed in the remaining 42 data sets. Carbon dioxide caused a significant rise in MO2rest in only 18 out of 125 data sets, and a decrease in 25, whereas it caused a decrease in AAS in four out of 18 data sets and an increase in two. The analysis did not reveal clear evidence for an overall correlation with temperature, CO2 regime or duration of CO2 treatment. When CO2 had an effect, additive rather than synergistic interactions with temperature were most common and, interestingly, they even interacted antagonistically on MO2rest and AAS. The behavioural effects of CO2 could complicate experimental determination of respiratory performance. Overall, this meta-analysis reveals heterogeneity in the responses to elevated temperature and CO2 that is not in accordance with the idea of a single unifying principle and which cannot be ignored in attempts to model and predict the impacts of global warming and ocean acidification on marine ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences,
University of Oslo, Oslo NO-0316,
Norway
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Killen SS, Adriaenssens B, Marras S, Claireaux G, Cooke SJ. Context dependency of trait repeatability and its relevance for management and conservation of fish populations. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow007. [PMID: 27382470 PMCID: PMC4922260 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Repeatability of behavioural and physiological traits is increasingly a focus for animal researchers, for which fish have become important models. Almost all of this work has been done in the context of evolutionary ecology, with few explicit attempts to apply repeatability and context dependency of trait variation toward understanding conservation-related issues. Here, we review work examining the degree to which repeatability of traits (such as boldness, swimming performance, metabolic rate and stress responsiveness) is context dependent. We review methods for quantifying repeatability (distinguishing between within-context and across-context repeatability) and confounding factors that may be especially problematic when attempting to measure repeatability in wild fish. Environmental factors such temperature, food availability, oxygen availability, hypercapnia, flow regime and pollutants all appear to alter trait repeatability in fishes. This suggests that anthropogenic environmental change could alter evolutionary trajectories by changing which individuals achieve the greatest fitness in a given set of conditions. Gaining a greater understanding of these effects will be crucial for our ability to forecast the effects of gradual environmental change, such as climate change and ocean acidification, the study of which is currently limited by our ability to examine trait changes over relatively short time scales. Also discussed are situations in which recent advances in technologies associated with electronic tags (biotelemetry and biologging) and respirometry will help to facilitate increased quantification of repeatability for physiological and integrative traits, which so far lag behind measures of repeatability of behavioural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Corresponding author: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)141 330 2898.
| | - B Adriaenssens
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - S Marras
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
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Claireaux G, Chabot D. Responses by fishes to environmental hypoxia: integration through Fry's concept of aerobic metabolic scope. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:232-51. [PMID: 26768976 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The problem of understanding the effect of the environment on fish activities and performance, in any generalized way, remains intractable. Solving this issue is, however, a key to addressing contemporary environmental concerns. As suggested 20 years ago by W. H. Neill, the authors returned to the drawing board, using as a background the conceptual scheme initially proposed by F. E. J. Fry. They revisited the effect of ambient oxygen availability upon fish metabolism and clarified the definitions of limiting, critical and incipient lethal oxygen (ILO) levels. The concepts of oxy-conformer and oxy-regulator are revisited, and P. W. Hochachka's idea of scope for survival is explored. Finally, how the cardiovascular system contributes to the capacity of fishes to respond to the reduced oxygen availability is considered. Various hands-on recommendations and software (R scripts) are provided for researchers interested in investigating these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - D Chabot
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4 Canada
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