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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Changes in cardiovascular arachidonic acid metabolism in experimental models of menopause and implications on postmenopausal cardiac hypertrophy. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106851. [PMID: 38740361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is a normal stage in the human female aging process characterized by the cessation of menstruation and the ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of several different diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are generally less common in females than in age-matched males. However, this female advantage is lost after menopause. Cardiac hypertrophy is a disease characterized by increased cardiac size that develops as a response to chronic overload or stress. Similar to other cardiovascular diseases, the risk of cardiac hypertrophy significantly increases after menopause. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Several studies have shown that surgical or chemical induction of menopause in experimental animals is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, or aggravates cardiac hypertrophy induced by other stressors. Arachidonic acid (AA) released from the myocardial phospholipids is metabolized by cardiac cytochrome P450 (CYP), cyclooxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to produce several eicosanoids. AA-metabolizing enzymes and their respective metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Menopause is associated with changes in the cardiovascular levels of CYP, COX, and LOX enzymes and the levels of their metabolites. It is possible that these changes might play a role in the increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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ElKhatib MAW, Gerges SH, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Cytochrome P450 1B1 is critical in the development of TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS-induced cellular hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:408-421. [PMID: 38701513 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2024-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is preceded by cellular hypertrophy (CeH) which alters expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Inflammation is involved in CeH pathophysiology, but mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the impacts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the development of CeH and the role of CYP1B1. AC16 cells were treated with TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS in the presence and absence of CYP1B1-siRNA or resveratrol. mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP1B1 and hypertrophic markers were determined using PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. CYP1B1 enzyme activity was determined, and AA metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our results show that TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS induce expression of hypertrophic markers, induce CYP1B1 expression, and enantioselectively modulate CYP1B1-mediated AA metabolism in favor of mid-chain HETEs. CYP1B1-siRNA or resveratrol ameliorated these effects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the crucial role of CYP1B1 in TNF-α, IL-6, and LPS-induced CeH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A W ElKhatib
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fadumo A Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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3
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Cheng C, Xu C, Zhou W, Xue L, Wang S, Zhai Q, Dai R. Integrated network pharmacology and serum metabonomics analysis to explore the potential mechanism of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge-Phellodendron chinense Schneid herb pair in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116264. [PMID: 38889577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge-Phellodendron chinense Schneid (AAPC) is one of the most widely accepted herb pairs in Chinese medicine prescription for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanisms underlying the combination of the two herbs for anti-BPH are still not completely clear. To uncover the potential mechanism of the AAPC herb pair in the treatment of BPH, chemical profiling, network pharmacology, serum metabonomics and experimental validation were integrated. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was performed to characterize the chemical profiling of the herb pair extract, and network pharmacology was employed to forecast the potential effective components, core targets and key signaling pathways. Then, western blot and RT-PCR experiments were conducted to verify the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway predicted by network pharmacology. Finally, the serum differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were analyzed by serum non-targeted metabonomics, and these results were jointly analyzed by MetScape. 51 chemical components of the AAPC herb pair extract were identified, including phellodendrine, magnoflorine, berberine, mangiferin, anemarsaponin BIII, etc. In network pharmacology, the predicted core targets of these components include AKT1, TNF, EGFR, PTGS2, PIK3CA, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, Rap1 and MAPK signaling pathways may play a key role in the AAPC herb pair for the treatment of BPH, and the results of animal experiments demonstrated that the herb pair could significantly inhibit the activation and expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-NF-κB/NF-κB in protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, 31 serum differential metabolites and three main metabolic pathways were obtained by serum non-targeted metabonomics. And the crucial metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) was obtained by integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabonomics results. In conclusion, the AAPC herb pair can improve BPH through inhibiting the activation and expression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qirui Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Song H, Ren J, Yang L, Sun H, Yan G, Han Y, Wang X. Elucidation for the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Shen Bai formula in treating myocardial injury based on energy metabolism and serum metabolomic approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117670. [PMID: 38160867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen Bai formula (SBF) is a proven effective traditional Chinese medicine for treating viral myocarditis (VMC) sequelae in clinic, and myocardial injury is the pathological basis of VMC sequelae. However, the pharmacological action and mechanism of SBF have not been systematically elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY In present research, the doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury rat model was used to evaluate the efficacy of SBF, and energy metabolism and metabolomics approaches were applied to elucidate the effects of SBF on myocardial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through energy metabolism measurement system and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS oriented blood metabolomics, directly reflected the therapeutic effect of SBF at a macro level, and identified biomarkers of myocardial injury in microcosmic, revealing its metabolomic mechanism. RESULTS Results showed that SBF significantly improved the electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), extent of myocardial tissue lesion, and ratio of heart and spleen. In addition, the serum levels of AST, CK, LDH, α-HBDH, cTnI, BNP, and MDA decreased, whereas SOD and ATP activity and content increased. Moreover, SBF increased locomotor activity and basic daily metabolism in rats with myocardial injury, restoring their usual level of energy metabolism. A total of 45 potential metabolomic biomarkers were identified. Among them, 44 biomarkers were significantly recalled by SBF, including representative biomarkers arachidonic acid (AA), 12-HETE, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-PGJ2, 15-keto-PGE2, 15(S)-HPETE, 15(S)-HETE, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 9(S)-HODE, which involved AA metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid metabolism. CONCLUSION We successfully replicated a myocardial injury rat model with the intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin, and elucidated the mechanism of SBF in treating myocardial injury. This key mechanism may be achieved by targeting action on COX, Alox, CYP, and 15-PGDH to increase or decrease the level of myocardial injury biomarker, and then emphatically interven in AA metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid metabolism, and participate in regulating purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China.
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Helal SA, Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Enantioselectivity in some physiological and pathophysiological roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:31-45. [PMID: 38358327 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2284110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of chirality has been shown to greatly impact drug activities and effects. Different enantiomers may exhibit different effects in a certain biological condition or disease state. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into a large variety of metabolites with a wide range of activities. Hydroxylation of AA by CYP hydroxylases produces hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which are classified into mid-chain (5, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 15-HETE), subterminal (16-, 17-, 18- and 19-HETE) and terminal (20-HETE) HETEs. Except for 20-HETE, these metabolites exist as a racemic mixture of R and S enantiomers in the physiological system. The two enantiomers could have different degrees of activity or sometimes opposing effects. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the role of mid-chain and subterminal HETEs in different organs, importantly the heart and the kidneys. Moreover, we summarized their effects in some conditions such as neutrophil migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis, with a focus on the reported enantiospecific effects. We also reported some studies using genetically modified models to investigate the roles of HETEs in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Helal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Solati Z, Surendran A, Aukema HM, Ravandi A. Impact of Reperfusion on Plasma Oxylipins in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Metabolites 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 38248822 PMCID: PMC10821107 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs as a result of acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Despite successful reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), a large percentage of myocardial cells die after reperfusion, which is recognized as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). There are rapid changes in plasma lipidome during myocardial reperfusion injury. However, the impact of coronary artery reperfusion on plasma oxylipins is unknown. This study aimed to investigate alterations in the oxylipin profiles of STEMI patients during ischemia and at various reperfusion time points following PPCI. Blood samples were collected from patients presenting with STEMI prior to PPCI (Isch, n = 45) and subsequently 2 h following successful reperfusion by PPCI (R-2 h, n = 42), after 24 h (R-24 h, n = 44), after 48 h (R-48 h, n = 43), and then 30 days post PPCI (R-30 d, n = 29). As controls, blood samples were collected from age- and sex-matched patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease after diagnostic coronary angiography. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using deuterated standards was used to identify and quantify oxylipins. In patients presenting with STEMI prior to reperfusion (Isch group), the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived oxylipins were significantly higher when compared with controls. Their levels were also significantly correlated with the peak levels of creatine kinase (CK) and troponin T(TnT) before reperfusion (CK: r = 0.33, p = 0.046, TnT: r = 0.50, p = 1.00 × 10-3). The total concentrations of oxylipins directly produced by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were also significantly elevated in the Isch group compared with controls. The ratio of epoxides (generated through epoxygenase) to diols (generated by soluble epoxide hydrolysis (sEH)) was significantly lower in the Isch group compared with the controls. Following reperfusion, there was an overall reduction in plasma oxylipins in STEMI patients starting at 24 h post PPCI until 30 days. Univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed that an elevated ratio of epoxides to diols during ischemia is a predictor of smaller infarct size in patients with STEMI. This study revealed a large alteration in plasma oxylipins in patients presenting with STEMI when compared with controls. Total oxylipin levels rapidly reduced post reperfusion with stable levels reached 24 h post reperfusion and maintained for up to 30 days post infarct. Given the shifts in plasma oxylipins following coronary artery reperfusion, further research is needed to delineate their clinical impact in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Solati
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Arun Surendran
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Section of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
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8
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Lau ES, Roshandelpoor A, Zarbafian S, Wang D, Guseh JS, Allen N, Varadarajan V, Nayor M, Shah RV, Lima JAC, Shah SJ, Yu B, Alotaibi M, Cheng S, Jain M, Lewis GD, Ho JE. Eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related inflammatory mediators and exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7557. [PMID: 37985769 PMCID: PMC10662264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here, we examine the association of upstream mediators of inflammation as ascertained by fatty-acid derived eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites with HFpEF status and exercise manifestations of HFpEF. Among 510 participants with chronic dyspnea and preserved LVEF who underwent invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, we find that 70 of 890 eicosanoid and related metabolites are associated with HFpEF status, including 17 named and 53 putative eicosanoids (FDR q-value < 0.1). Prostaglandin (15R-PGF2α, 11ß-dhk-PGF2α) and linoleic acid derivatives (12,13 EpOME) are associated with greater odds of HFpEF, while epoxides (8(9)-EpETE), docosanoids (13,14-DiHDPA), and oxylipins (12-OPDA) are associated with lower odds of HFpEF. Among 70 metabolites, 18 are associated with future development of heart failure in the community. Pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoid and related metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of HFpEF and serve as potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Lau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Athar Roshandelpoor
- CardioVascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 330 Brookline Avenue, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shahrooz Zarbafian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- CardioVascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 330 Brookline Avenue, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James S Guseh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Norrina Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vinithra Varadarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Cardiology Division, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Vanderbilt Clinical and Translational Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vincente Pavilion, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Barupal DK, Fan S, Gao B, Zhu C, Flenniken AM, McKerlie C, Nutter LMJ, Lloyd KCK, Fiehn O. Sexual Dimorphism of the Mouse Plasma Metabolome Is Associated with Phenotypes of 30 Gene Knockout Lines. Metabolites 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37623890 PMCID: PMC10456929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic alterations are observed in many monogenic and complex genetic disorders, the impact of most mammalian genes on cellular metabolism remains unknown. Understanding the effect of mouse gene dysfunction on metabolism can inform the functions of their human orthologues. We investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in 30 unique gene knockout (KO) lines on plasma metabolites, including genes coding for structural proteins (11 of 30), metabolic pathway enzymes (12 of 30) and protein kinases (7 of 30). Steroids, bile acids, oxylipins, primary metabolites, biogenic amines and complex lipids were analyzed with dedicated mass spectrometry platforms, yielding 827 identified metabolites in male and female KO mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Twenty-two percent of 23,698 KO versus WT comparison tests showed significant genotype effects on plasma metabolites. Fifty-six percent of identified metabolites were significantly different between the sexes in WT mice. Many of these metabolites were also found to have sexually dimorphic changes in KO lines. We used plasma metabolites to complement phenotype information exemplified for Dhfr, Idh1, Mfap4, Nek2, Npc2, Phyh and Sra1. The association of plasma metabolites with IMPC phenotypes showed dramatic sexual dimorphism in wildtype mice. We demonstrate how to link metabolomics to genotypes and (disease) phenotypes. Sex must be considered as critical factor in the biological interpretation of gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Medicine & Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lauryl M. J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Lulić AM, Katalinić M. The PNPLA family of enzymes: characterisation and biological role. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:75-89. [PMID: 37357879 PMCID: PMC10291501 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper brings a brief review of the human patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA) family. Even though it consists of only nine members, their physiological roles and mechanisms of their catalytic activity are not fully understood. However, the results of a number of knock-out and gain- or loss-of-function research models suggest that these enzymes have an important role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of organelle membranes, in cell growth, signalling, cell death, and the metabolism of lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, ceramides, and retinyl esters. Research has also revealed a connection between PNPLA family member mutations or irregular catalytic activity and the development of various diseases. Here we summarise important findings published so far and discuss their structure, localisation in the cell, distribution in the tissues, specificity for substrates, and their potential physiological role, especially in view of their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Lulić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Deng X, Luo Y, Guan T, Guo X. Identification of the Genetic Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on IgA Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatics Method. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:367-384. [PMID: 37040729 PMCID: PMC10308545 DOI: 10.1159/000529687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It was initially detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic agents for the management of IgAN and COVID-19 using the bioinformatics and system biology way. METHODS We first downloaded GSE73953 and GSE164805 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we performed the functional enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, gene regulatory networks analysis, and potential drug analysis on these common DEGs. RESULTS We acquired 312 common DEGs from the IgAN and COVID-19 datasets and used various bioinformatics tools and statistical analyses to construct the PPI network to extract hub genes. Besides, we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses to reveal the common correlation between IgAN and COVID-19. Finally, on the basis of common DEGs, we determined the interactions between DEGs-miRNAs, the transcription factor-genes (TFs-genes), protein-drug, and gene-disease networks. CONCLUSION We successfully identified hub genes that may act as biomarkers of COVID-19 and IgAN and also screened out some potential drugs to provide new ideas for COVID-19 and IgAN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Chen X, Zhao T, Du J, Guan X, Yu H, Wang D, Wang C, Meng Q, Yao J, Sun H, Liu K, Wu J. Comparative Inhibitory Effects of Natural Biflavones from Ginkgo against Human CYP1B1 in Recombinant Enzymes and MCF-7 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:397-407. [PMID: 36064115 DOI: 10.1055/a-1936-4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an extrahepatic enzyme overexpressed in many tumors and associated with angiogenesis. Ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sciadopitysin, and amentoflavone, the primary biflavones found in Ginkgo biloba, have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of biflavones on CYP1B1 activities remains unknown. In this study, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) was used to characterize the activities of CYP1 families. The impacts of four ginkgo biflavones on CYP1B1 activity and the cellular protein expression of CYP1B1 were systematically investigated. The results showed that amentoflavone with six hydroxyl substituents exhibited the most potent selective inhibitory effect on CYP1B1 activity with IC50 of 0.054 µM in four biflavones. Sciadopitysin, with three hydroxyl and three methoxy substituents, had the weakest inhibitory activity against CYP1B1. Ginkgetin and isoginkgetin, both with four hydroxyl and two methoxy substituents, showed similar inhibitory intensity towards CYP1B1 with IC50 values of 0.289 and 0.211 µM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that ginkgetin and amentoflavone inhibited CYP1B1 in a non-competitive mode, whereas sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin induced competitive or mixed types of inhibition. Notably, four ginkgo biflavones were also confirmed to suppress the protein expressions of CYP1B1 and AhR in MCF-7. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated more hydrogen bonds formed between amentoflavone and CYP1B1, which might explain the strongest inhibitory action towards CYP1B1. In summary, these findings suggested that biflavones remarkably inhibited both the activity and protein expression of CYP1B1 and the inhibitory activities enhanced with the increasing hydroxyl substitution, providing new insights into the anti-tumor potentials of biflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xintong Guan
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Liaoning Dalian, China
| | - Dalong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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13
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Manson A, Winter T, Aukema HM. Phospholipase A 2 enzymes differently impact PUFA release and oxylipin formation ex vivo in rat hearts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 191:102555. [PMID: 36878084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes cleave cell membrane phospholipids and release polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which can be converted into oxylipins. However, little is known about PLA2 preference for PUFA, and even less is known about how this further impacts oxylipin formation. Therefore, we investigated the role of different PLA2 groups in PUFA release and oxylipin formation in rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rat heart homogenates were incubated without or with varespladib (VAR), methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) or EDTA. Free PUFA and oxylipins were determined by HPLC-MS/MS, and isoform expressions by RT-qPCR. Inhibition of sPLA2 IIA and/or V by VAR reduced the release of ARA and DHA, but only DHA oxylipins were inhibited. MAFP reduced the release of ARA, DHA, ALA, and EPA, and the formation of ARA, LA, DGLA, DHA, ALA, and EPA oxylipins. Interestingly, cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase oxylipins were not inhibited. mRNA expression levels of sPLA2 and iPLA2 isoforms were highest whereas levels of cPLA2 were low, consistent with activity. In conclusion, sPLA2 enzymes lead to the formation of DHA oxylipins, while iPLA2 is likely responsible for the formation of most other oxylipins in healthy rat hearts. Oxylipin formation cannot be implied from PUFA release, thus, both should be evaluated in PLA2 activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Manson
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg MB, Canada.
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14
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Nayeem MA, Geldenhuys WJ, Hanif A. Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:37-131. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Nayeem MA, Hanif A, Geldenhuys WJ, Agba S. Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108213. [PMID: 35597366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the most important physiological roles of CYP450-epoxygenases (CYP450-2C & CYP2J2) is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) which generally involve in vasodilation. Like an increase in coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), an increase in anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases will change the beneficial cardiovascular effects of metabolites or oxylipins into detrimental effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is another crucial enzyme ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and almost all organs and tissues. However, in contrast to CYP450-epoxygenases, sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and others and reverses the beneficial effects of epoxy-fatty acids leading to vasoconstriction, reducing CRH, increase in pro-inflammation, increase in pro-thrombotic and become less cardioprotective. Therefore, polymorphisms in the sEH gene (Ephx2) cause the enzyme to become overactive, making it more vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Besides the sEH, ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2) derived metabolites from AA, ω terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD2, PGF2α; thromboxane: Txs, oxylipins) are involved in vasoconstriction, hypertension, reduction in CRH, pro-inflammation and cardiac toxicity. Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions. In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of death in the US in 2019, and hypertension is one of the most potent causes of CVDs. This review summarizes the articles related to the crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in vascular, including the CRH response in regular salt-diet fed and high salt-diet fed mice with the correlation of heart perfusate/plasma oxylipins. By using A2AAR-/-, A1AR-/-, eNOS-/-, sEH-/- or Ephx2-/-, vascular sEH-overexpressed (Tie2-sEH Tr), vascular CYP2J2-overexpressed (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr), and wild-type (WT) mice. This review article also summarizes the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory oxylipins in cardiovascular function/dysfunction in mice and humans. Therefore, more studies are needed better to understand the crosstalk between the adenosine receptors and eicosanoids to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools by using plasma oxylipins profiles in CVDs, including hypertensive cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Ahmad Hanif
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie Agba
- Graduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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16
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Kornej J, Qadan MA, Alotaibi M, Van Wagoner DR, Watrous JD, Trinquart L, Preis SR, Ko D, Jain M, Benjamin EJ, Cheng S, Lin H. The association between eicosanoids and incident atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20218. [PMID: 36418854 PMCID: PMC9684401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a continuous low-grade activation of the systemic immune response. Whereas downstream inflammatory markers are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), upstream inflammatory effectors including eicosanoids are less studied. To examine the association between eicosanoids and incident AF. We used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the non-targeted measurement of 161 eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites in the Framingham Heart Study. The association of each eicosanoid and incident AF was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for AF risk factors, including age, sex, height, weight, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, current smoking, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction and heart failure. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to adjust for multiple testing. Eicosanoids with FDR < 0.05 were considered significant. In total, 2676 AF-free individuals (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 56% females) were followed for mean 10.8 ± 3.4 years; 351 participants developed incident AF. Six eicosanoids were associated with incident AF after adjusting for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05). A joint score was built from the top eicosanoids weighted by their effect sizes, which was associated with incident AF (HR = 2.72, CI = 1.71-4.31, P = 2.1 × 10-5). In conclusion, six eicosanoids were associated with incident AF after adjusting for clinical risk factors for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. .,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maha A. Qadan
- grid.239578.20000 0001 0675 4725Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - David R. Van Wagoner
- grid.239578.20000 0001 0675 4725Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sarah R. Preis
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Darae Ko
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- grid.512369.aDepartment of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA ,grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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17
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Alvarez MS, Núñez E, Fuertes-Agudo M, Cucarella C, Fernandez-Velasco M, Boscá L, Vázquez J, Rossignol R, Martin-Sanz P, Casado M. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Cyclooxygenase-2 Modulates Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex IV in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13476. [PMID: 36362254 PMCID: PMC9655412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical mechanisms of cell injury and myocardial cell death after myocardial infarction remain unresolved. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in prostanoid synthesis, is expressed in human ischemic myocardium and dilated cardiomyopathy, but it is absent in healthy hearts. To assess the role of COX-2 in cardiovascular physiopathology, we developed transgenic mice that constitutively express functional human COX-2 in cardiomyocytes under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. These animals had no apparent phenotype but were protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hearts, with enhanced functional recovery and diminished cellular necrosis. To further explore the phenotype of this animal model, we carried out a differential proteome analysis of wild-type vs. transgenic cardiomyocytes. The results revealed a tissue-specific proteomic profile dominated by mitochondrial proteins. In particular, an increased expression of respiratory chain complex IV proteins was observed. This correlated with increased catalytic activity, enhanced respiratory capacity, and increased ATP levels in the heart of COX-2 transgenic mice. These data suggest a new link between COX-2 and mitochondria, which might contribute to the protective cardiac effects of COX-2 against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Núñez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Cucarella
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Fernandez-Velasco
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, IDIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, CHU Pellegrin Place Amelie Rab, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paloma Martin-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Zheng C, Zhang G, Xie K, Diao Y, Luo C, Wang Y, Shen Y, Xue Q. Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Validation Identify ACOT7 as a Novel Oncogene and Potential Therapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184522. [PMID: 36139682 PMCID: PMC9497106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) is of great significance in regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and glucose metabolism. The function of ACOT7 in pan-cancer and its capacity as a prognostic indicator in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. We intended to perform a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of ACOT7 and to validate its value in LUAD. Methods: The expression levels, prognostic significance, molecular function, signaling pathways, and immune infiltration pattern of ACOT7 in 33 cancers were explored via systematic bioinformatics analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to construct nomograms to predict patients’ prognoses. Moreover, we conducted in vitro experiments including CCK8, scratch, Transwell, and Matrigel assays to further explore the function of ACOT7 in LUAD. Results: Patients with high ACOT7 expression have notably poorer long-term survival in many cancer types, including LUAD. Further enrichment analyses reveal that ACOT7 is involved in immune cells’ infiltration and is substantially related to the cancer−immune microenvironment. ACOT7 could influence drug sensitivities, including afatinib, gefitinib, ibrutinib, lapatinib, osimertinib, sapitinib, taselisib, and PLX-4720 (all p < 0.01). A nomogram demonstrated a fair predictive value of ACOT7 in LUAD (C-index: 0.613, 95% CI: 0.568−0.658). The proliferation and migration of PC9 cells were significantly repressed when ACOT7 expression was downregulated. Conclusion: As an oncogene, ACOT7 is critical in the tumor microenvironment of pan-cancer and might be a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifei Diao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.X.)
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19
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Cifarelli V, Kuda O, Yang K, Liu X, Gross RW, Pietka TA, Heo GS, Sultan D, Luehmann H, Lesser J, Ross M, Goldberg IJ, Gropler RJ, Liu Y, Abumrad NA. Cardiac immune cell infiltration associates with abnormal lipid metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:948332. [PMID: 36061565 PMCID: PMC9428462 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.948332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs), a major energy substrate for the myocardium. Under excessive FA supply, CD36 can cause cardiac lipid accumulation and inflammation while its deletion reduces heart FA uptake and lipid content and increases glucose utilization. As a result, CD36 was proposed as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated heart disease. However, more recent reports have shown that CD36 deficiency suppresses myocardial flexibility in fuel preference between glucose and FAs, impairing tissue energy balance, while CD36 absence in tissue macrophages reduces efferocytosis and myocardial repair after injury. In line with the latter homeostatic functions, we had previously reported that CD36-/- mice have chronic subclinical inflammation. Lipids are important for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and there is limited information on heart lipid metabolism in CD36 deficiency. Here, we document in the hearts of unchallenged CD36-/- mice abnormalities in the metabolism of triglycerides, plasmalogens, cardiolipins, acylcarnitines, and arachidonic acid, and the altered remodeling of these lipids in response to an overnight fast. The hearts were examined for evidence of inflammation by monitoring the presence of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages using the respective positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, 64Cu-AMD3100 and 68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i. We detected significant immune cell infiltration in unchallenged CD36-/- hearts as compared with controls and immune infiltration was also observed in hearts of mice with cardiomyocyte-specific CD36 deficiency. Together, the data show that the CD36-/- heart is in a non-homeostatic state that could compromise its stress response. Non-invasive immune cell monitoring in humans with partial or total CD36 deficiency could help evaluate the risk of impaired heart remodeling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Cifarelli
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Vincenza Cifarelli,
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xinping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard W. Gross
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Terri A. Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Josie Lesser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Morgan Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert J. Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Yongjian Liu,
| | - Nada A. Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Nada A. Abumrad,
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20
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Shi Z, He Z, Wang DW. CYP450 Epoxygenase Metabolites, Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids, as Novel Anti-Inflammatory Mediators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123873. [PMID: 35744996 PMCID: PMC9230517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and development of a wide range of systemic illnesses. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolized by CYP450 epoxygenase (CYP450) and are subsequently hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are merely biologically active. EETs possess a wide range of established protective effects on many systems of which anti-inflammatory actions have gained great interest. EETs attenuate vascular inflammation and remodeling by inhibiting activation of endothelial cells and reducing cross-talk between inflammatory cells and blood vessels. EETs also process direct and indirect anti-inflammatory properties in the myocardium and therefore alleviate inflammatory cardiomyopathy and cardiac remodeling. Moreover, emerging studies show the substantial roles of EETs in relieving inflammation under other pathophysiological environments, such as diabetes, sepsis, lung injuries, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic diseases, kidney injury, and arthritis. Furthermore, pharmacological manipulations of the AA-CYP450-EETs-sEH pathway have demonstrated a contribution to the alleviation of numerous inflammatory diseases, which highlight a therapeutic potential of drugs targeting this pathway. This review summarizes the progress of AA-CYP450-EETs-sEH pathway in regulation of inflammation under different pathological conditions and discusses the existing challenges and future direction of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Zuowen He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (D.W.W.)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (D.W.W.)
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21
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Al-Shabrawey M, Elmarakby A, Samra Y, Moustafa M, Looney SW, Maddipati KR, Tawfik A. Hyperhomocysteinemia dysregulates plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived eicosanoids. LIFE RESEARCH 2022; 5:14. [PMID: 36341141 PMCID: PMC9632953 DOI: 10.53388/2022-0106-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) contributes to the incidence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our group have previously established crucial roles of eicosanoids and homocysteine in the incidence of vascular injury in diabetic retinopathy and renal injury. Using cystathionine-β-synthase heterozygous mice (cβs+/-) as a model of HHcy, the current study was designed to determine the impact of homocysteine on circulating levels of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Plasma samples were isolated from wild-type (WT) and cβs+/- mice for the assessment of eicosanoids levels using LC/MS. Plasma 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) activity significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. LOX-derived metabolites from both omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were also reduced in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control (P < 0.05). Contrary to LOX metabolites, cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites from omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were significantly elevated in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are epoxides derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by CYP with anti-inflammatory properties and are known to limit vascular injury, however their physiological role is limited by their rapid degradation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to their corresponding diols (DiHETrEs). In cβs+/- mice, a significant decrease in the plasma EETs bioavailability was obvious as evident by the decrease in EETs/ DiHETrEs ratio relative to WT control mice. Cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites were also significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. These data suggest that HHcy impacts eicosanoids metabolism through decreasing LOX and COX metabolic activities while increasing CYP metabolic activity. The increase in AA metabolism by CYP was also associated with increase in sEH activity and decrease in EETs bioavailability. Dysregulation of eicosanoids metabolism could be a contributing factor to the incidence and progression of HHcy-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yara Samra
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen W. Looney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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22
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Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Mapping of Macrophages in the Hub of Chronic Beta-Adrenergic-Stimulation Unravels Hypertrophy-, Proliferation-, and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes as Novel Potential Markers of Early Hypertrophy or Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020221. [PMID: 35203431 PMCID: PMC8869621 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system overdrive with chronic release of catecholamines is the most important neurohormonal mechanism activated to maintain cardiac output in response to heart stress. Beta-adrenergic signaling behaves first as a compensatory pathway improving cardiac contractility and maladaptive remodeling but becomes dysfunctional leading to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling is a complex inflammatory syndrome where macrophages play a determinant role. This study aimed at characterizing the temporal transcriptomic evolution of cardiac macrophages in mice subjected to beta-adrenergic-stimulation using RNA sequencing. Owing to a comprehensive bibliographic analysis and complementary lipidomic experiments, this study deciphers typical gene profiles in early compensated hypertrophy (ECH) versus late dilated remodeling related to HF. We uncover cardiac hypertrophy- and proliferation-related transcription programs typical of ECH or HF macrophages and identify lipid metabolism-associated and Na+ or K+ channel-related genes as markers of ECH and HF macrophages, respectively. In addition, our results substantiate the key time-dependent role of inflammatory, metabolic, and functional gene regulation in macrophages during beta-adrenergic dependent remodeling. This study provides important and novel knowledge to better understand the prevalent key role of resident macrophages in response to chronically activated beta-adrenergic signaling, an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target in failing hearts.
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23
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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Sex differences in eicosanoid formation and metabolism: A possible mediator of sex discrepancies in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108046. [PMID: 34808133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is metabolized by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to produce prostaglandins, leukotrienes, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), along with other eicosanoids. Eicosanoids have important physiological and pathological roles in the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evidence from several experimental and clinical studies indicates differences in eicosanoid levels, as well as in the activity or expression levels of their synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes between males and females. In addition, there is a clear state of gender specificity in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which tend to be more common in men compared to women, and their risk increases significantly in postmenopausal women compared to younger women. This could be largely attributed to sex hormones, as androgens exert detrimental effects on the heart and blood vessels, whereas estrogen exhibits cardioprotective effects. Many of androgen and estrogen effects on the cardiovascular system are mediated by eicosanoids. For example, androgens increase the levels of cardiotoxic eicosanoids like 20-HETE, while estrogens increase the levels of cardioprotective EETs. Thus, sex differences in eicosanoid levels in the cardiovascular system could be an important underlying mechanism for the different effects of sex hormones and the differences in CVD between males and females. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in these differences can help improve the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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24
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Coras R, Pedersen B, Narasimhan R, Brandy A, Mateo L, Prior-Español A, Kavanaugh A, Armando AM, Jain M, Quehenberger O, Martínez-Morillo M, Guma M. Imbalance Between Omega-6- and Omega-3-Derived Bioactive Lipids in Arthritis in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:415-425. [PMID: 32361743 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common rheumatic diseases in older adults. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids derived from omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that serve as activators or suppressors of systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that arthritis symptoms in older adults were related to oxylipin-related perturbations. Arthritis in older adults (ARTIEL) is an observational prospective cohort with 64 patients older than 60 years of age with newly diagnosed arthritis. Patients' blood samples at baseline and 3 months posttreatment were compared with 18 controls. A thorough clinical examination was conducted. Serum oxylipins were determined by mass spectrometry. Data processing and statistical analysis were performed in R. Forty-four patients were diagnosed with EORA and 20 with PMR. At diagnosis, EORA patients had a mean DAS28CRP (Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein) of 5.77 (SD 1.02). One hundred percent of PMR patients reported shoulder pain and 90% reported pelvic pain. Several n-6- and n-3-derived oxylipin species were significantly different between controls and arthritis patients. The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA was significantly downregulated in EORA but not in PMR patients as compared to controls. The top two candidates as biomarkers for differentiating PMR from EORA were 4-HDoHE, a hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 8,15-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (8,15-diHETE). The levels of n-3-derived anti-inflammatory species increased in EORA after treatment. These results suggest that certain oxylipins may be key effectors in arthrtis in older adults and that the imbalance between n-6- and n-3-derived oxylipins might be related to pathobiology in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Coras
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Rekha Narasimhan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Anahy Brandy
- Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateo
- Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Agueda Prior-Español
- Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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25
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Pascale JV, Lucchesi PA, Garcia V. Unraveling the Role of 12- and 20- HETE in Cardiac Pathophysiology: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Pharmacological Inhibitors, and Transgenic Approaches. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:707-717. [PMID: 34016841 PMCID: PMC8523029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators play crucial roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Eicosanoid metabolites generated by lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes produce several classes of molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) family of bioactive lipids. In general, the cardioprotective effects of EETs have been documented across a number of cardiac diseases. In contrast, members of the HETE family have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiac disease, maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The net effect of 12(S)- and 20-HETE depends upon the relative amounts generated, ratio of HETEs:EETs produced, timing of synthesis, as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms activated by each respective metabolite. HETEs are synthesized by and affect multiple cell types within the myocardium. Moreover, cytochrome P450-derived and lipoxygenase- derived metabolites have been shown to directly influence cardiac myocyte growth and the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. The mechanistic data uncovered thus far have employed the use of enzyme inhibitors, HETE antagonists, and the genetic manipulation of lipid-producing enzymes and their respective receptors, all of which influence a complex network of outcomes that complicate data interpretation. This review will summarize and integrate recent findings on the role of 12(S)-/20-HETE in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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26
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Martens MD, Fernando AS, Gordon JW. A new trick for an old dog? Myocardial-specific roles for prostaglandins as mediators of ischemic injury and repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2169-H2184. [PMID: 33861147 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The small lipid-derived paracrine signaling molecules known as prostaglandins have been recognized for their ability to modulate many facets of cardiovascular physiology since their initial discovery more than 85 years ago. Although the role of prostaglandins in the vasculature has gained significant attention across time, a handful of historical studies have also directly implicated the cardiomyocyte in both prostaglandin synthesis and release. Recently, our understanding of how prostaglandin receptor modulation impacts and contributes to myocardial structure and function has gained attention while leaving most other components of myocardial prostaglandin metabolism and signaling unexplored. This mini-review highlights both the key historical studies that underpin modern prostaglandin research in the heart, while concurrently presenting the latest findings related to how prostaglandin metabolism and signaling impact myocardial injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy S Fernando
- The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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27
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Zhang L, Dai Z, Guo R, Wang X, Gong W, Duan J, He Z, Ding R, Zhang X, Nie S, Liang C. Metabolomics reveal dynamic changes in eicosanoid profile in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:463-470. [PMID: 33141433 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play important roles in the cardiovascular system. The metabolic disorders involving some eicosanoids in the pathophysiologic process include myocardial infarction and myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often the first-choice strategy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to current guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic eicosanoid metabolic profile in STEMI patients after PCI. The eicosanoid profiles in plasma of 20 patients at seven times (30 minutes before surgery; 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after surgery; 1 day before discharge; and 28 days after surgery) were studied by using metabolomics. Levels of PGE2, PGD2, and TXA2 were decreased significantly and EETs contents were increased significantly at 6 hours after PCI. EETs were hydrolysed to DHETs within a short time after surgery (12-72 hours). 20-HETE content was significantly increased. In samples taken at the time of discharge and at follow-up after discharge, LTB4 level continued to increase. This work suggests that change in content of some functional eicosanoids may be involved in cardiac injury and repair after PCI in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.2., Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanhui Duan
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.2., Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Circulating Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Adverse Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:2089-2097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Abstract
The recently identified ferroptotic cell death is characterized by excessive accumulation of hydroperoxy-arachidonoyl (C20:4)- or adrenoyl (C22:4)- phosphatidylethanolamine (Hp-PE). The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibits ferroptosis, converting unstable ferroptotic lipid hydroperoxides to nontoxic lipid alcohols in a tissue-specific manner. While placental oxidative stress and lipotoxicity are hallmarks of placental dysfunction, the possible role of ferroptosis in placental dysfunction is largely unknown. We found that spontaneous preterm birth is associated with ferroptosis and that inhibition of GPX4 causes ferroptotic injury in primary human trophoblasts and during mouse pregnancy. Importantly, we uncovered a role for the phospholipase PLA2G6 (PNPLA9, iPLA2beta), known to metabolize Hp-PE to lyso-PE and oxidized fatty acid, in mitigating ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibition in vitro or by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vivo. Together, we identified ferroptosis signaling in the human and mouse placenta, established a role for PLA2G6 in attenuating trophoblastic ferroptosis, and provided mechanistic insights into the ill-defined placental lipotoxicity that may inspire PLA2G6-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Komici K, Faris P, Negri S, Rosti V, García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Berra-Romani R, Cervera R, Guerra G, Moccia F. Systemic lupus erythematosus, endothelial progenitor cells and intracellular Ca2+ signaling: A novel approach for an old disease. J Autoimmun 2020; 112:102486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Feng H, Liu X. Interaction between ACOT7 and LncRNA NMRAL2P via Methylation Regulates Gastric Cancer Progression. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:471-481. [PMID: 32469171 PMCID: PMC7256001 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.6.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) has a very poor prognosis when diagnosed at a late stage. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) is a major isoform of the acyl coenzyme family that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acyl-CoAs into unesterified free fatty acid and coenzyme A. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of ACOT7 in GC and mechanisms related therewith. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screening of systematic biology studies revealed ACOT7 as a key gene in GC, as well as involvement of the long non-coding RNA NMRAL2P in ACOT7 expression. In this study, GC tissues and adjacent tissue samples were obtained from 10 GC patients at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery. GES1 and SGC-7901 cells were collected and treated to silence ACOT7 and overexpress NMRAL2P. The expressions of ACOT7 and NMRAL2P were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Additionally, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were examined. RESULTS ACOT7 was upregulated in gastric tumor tissues and GC cell lines. ACOT7 gene silencing induced a less malignant phenotype and was closely correlated to reduced cell proliferation and migration, altered cell cycle, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, NMRAL2P was downregulated in tumor tissues and GC cell lines. NMRAL2P overexpression induced a more malignant phenotype and significantly inhibited the expression of ACOT7. Importantly, NMRAL2P indirectly methylated ACOT7 by binding to DNMT3b, thereby suppressing ACOT7 expression. CONCLUSION NMRAL2P activation suppresses ACOT7 expression in GC. Thus, ACOT7 could be a promising target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongxiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tongxiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Surgery, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang, China.
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32
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Chetwynd AJ, Zhang W, Thorn JA, Lynch I, Ramautar R. The Nanomaterial Metabolite Corona Determined Using a Quantitative Metabolomics Approach: A Pilot Study. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000295. [PMID: 32240572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are promptly coated with biomolecules in biological systems leading to the formation of the so-called corona. To date, research has predominantly focused on the protein corona and how it affects NM uptake, distribution, and bioactivity by conferring a biological identity to NMs enabling interactions with receptors to mediate cellular responses. Thus, protein corona studies are now integral to nanosafety assessment. However, a larger class of molecules, the metabolites, which are orders of magnitude smaller than proteins (<1000 Da) and regulate metabolic pathways, has been largely overlooked. This hampers the understanding of the bio-nano interface, development of computational predictions of corona formation, and investigations into uptake or toxicity at the cellular level, including identification of molecular initiating events triggering adverse outcome pathways. Here, a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach reveals that pure polar ionogenic metabolite standards differentially adsorb to a range of 6 NMs (SiO2 , 3 TiO2 with different surface chemistries, and naïve and carboxylated polystyrene NMs). The metabolite corona composition is quantitatively compared using protein-free and complete plasma samples, revealing that proteins in samples significantly change the composition of the metabolite corona. This key finding provides the basis to include the metabolite corona in future nanosafety endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chetwynd
- AB Sciex UK Ltd, Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Warrington, Cheshire, WA1 1RX, UK
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Microscale Analytics, Leiden University, Einsterinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - James A Thorn
- AB Sciex UK Ltd, Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Warrington, Cheshire, WA1 1RX, UK
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Biomedical Microscale Analytics, Leiden University, Einsterinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
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Wang X, Gao Y, Tian Y, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang Q, Xie W, Liu K, Qian Q, Wang Q. Integrative serum metabolomics and network analysis on mechanisms exploration of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction on doxorubicin-induced heart failure mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112397. [PMID: 31830550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction (LGZGD) formula, derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of heart failure (HF) in China. However, little is known of the underlying mechanism of LGZGD. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of LGZGD on HF treatment based on an integration of the serum metabolomics and network analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS HF model mice were established by intraperitoneal injecting of doxorubicin. Body weight, echocardiography, biochemical assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments were used to evaluate the efficacy of LGZGD. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed to analyze the serum biomarkers from model group, control group and LGZGD-treatment group. Principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilized to identify differences of metabolic profiles in mice among the three groups. The network of "gene-enzyme-metabolite" was built to investigate the possible mechanism of LGZGD from the systematic perspective. RESULTS 54 metabolites, which showed a significantly restoring trend from HF to normal condition, were regarded as potential biomarkers of LGZGD treatment. The most critical pathway was glycerophospholipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. According to the results of network analysis, 8 biomarkers were regarded as hub metabolites, which meant these metabolites may have a major relationship with the LGZGD therapeutic effects for the HF. 8 enzymes and 29 genes in the network were considered as potential targets of LGZGD treatment. CONCLUSIONS By integrated serum metabolomic and network analysis, we found that LGZGD might retard the pathological process of HF by regulating the disturbed metabolic pathways and the relative enzymes, which may be potential mechanism for LGZGD in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Rizzo G, Laganà AS. The Link between Homocysteine and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: Critical Appraisal and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020219. [PMID: 32024302 PMCID: PMC7072208 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are linked to metabolic and degenerative disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. In the last two decades, the interplay between B vitamins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids gained increasing attention. Expression control on enzymes involved in the pathway of homocysteine by polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proposed. The methylation process seems crucial for the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their distribution within the body. This review summarizes the available data in humans about the link between homocysteine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a special focus on the meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Even if the paucity of available information about the topic does not allow for definitive conclusions, a synergic action between polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins may play a key role in regulating several metabolic pathways. This element could explain a stronger action on homocysteine levels when omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are supplemented simultaneously. To date, a robust rationale of intervention to prevent metabolic diseases is lacking and could be beneficial for individual health and healthcare policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3208-976-687
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Protective effect of piceatannol and bioactive stilbene derivatives against hypoxia-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and structural elucidation as 5-LOX inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:637-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Shu S, Zhang Z, Spicer D, Kulikowicz E, Hu K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Kannan S, Koehler RC, Robertson CL. Administration of a 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Improves Outcome in a Rat Model of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:166-176. [PMID: 31553983 DOI: 10.1159/000500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid pathway metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Inhibition of 20-HETE formation can protect the developing brain from global ischemia. Here, we examined whether treatment with the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N-4-butyl-2-methylphenylformamidine (HET0016) can protect the immature brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male rats at postnatal day 9-10 underwent controlled cortical impact followed by intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or HET0016 (1 mg/kg, 5 min and 3 h post-injury). HET0016 decreased the lesion volume by over 50% at 3 days of recovery, and this effect persisted at 30 days as the brain matured. HET0016 decreased peri-lesion gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) at 1 day and increased reparative cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) expression at 3 days. It also partially preserved microglial ramified processes, consistent with less activation. HET0016 decreased contralateral hindlimb foot faults and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association with an attenuated neuroinflammatory response after contusion of an immature rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn Spicer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Savalan Babapoor-Farrokhran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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37
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Lu L, Zhang Q, Zhu R, Wang W. A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:5115-5124. [PMID: 28950815 PMCID: PMC6340156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170925163427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and it is the end stage of sev-eral cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the management of heart failure for a long time. Only until recently, well-designed clinical trials have been put into practice to study the efficacies of Chinese herbs. Extensive studies have also been carried out to explore the under-lying mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of Chinese herbs. In this study, we will summarize the frequently used Chinese herbs, formulae and patent Chinese drugs in treating patients with heart failure and review published clinical evaluations of Chinese herbs in treating cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which Chinese herbs exert cardio-protective effects will also be reviewed. In the end, we will point out the limitations of current studies and challenges facing modernization of traditional Chi-nese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Lu
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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38
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Chen YL, Fan J, Cao L, Han TL, Zeng M, Xu Y, Ling Z, Yin Y. Unique mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the prevention of cardiac fibrosis: A metabolomic analysis of primary cardiac fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:158-170. [PMID: 30844388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell metabolic pathways are highly conserved among species and change rapidly in response to drug stimulation. Therefore, we explore the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in a primary cell model of cardiac fibrosis established in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts via metabolomics analysis and further clarify the potential protective mechanism of angiotensin-(1-7). METHODS AND RESULTS After exposing cardiac fibroblasts to angiotensin II and/or angiotensin-(1-7), 172 metabolites in these cells were quantified and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were subsequently analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to shortlist biochemically significant metabolites associated with the antifibrotic action of angiotensin-(1-7). Seven significant metabolites were identified: 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, arachidonic acid, aspartic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), glutathione, palmitelaidic acid, and pyroglutamic acid. By metabolic network analysis, we found that these metabolites were involved in six metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, leukotriene metabolism, and the γ-glutamyl cycle. Since these metabolic pathways are related to calcium balance and oxidative stress, we further verified that angiotensin-(1-7) suppressed the abnormal extracellular calcium influx and excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, we found that angiotensin-(1-7) suppressed the abnormal calcium- and ROS-dependent activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ), the increased expression of CaMKIIδ-related proteins (NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), cellular communication network factor 2 (CTGF), and p-ERK1/2), and excessive collagen deposition in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin-(1-7) can ameliorate the angiotensin II-stimulated metabolic perturbations associated with cardiac fibroblast activation. These metabolic changes indicate that modulation of calcium- and ROS-dependent activation of CaMKIIδ mediates the activity of angiotensin-(1-7) against cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, pyroglutamic acid and arachidonic acid may be potential biomarkers for monitoring the antifibrotic action of angiotensin-(1-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mass Spectrometry Centre, China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Foetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Mengying Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
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Paloczi J, Varga ZV, Hasko G, Pacher P. Neuroprotection in Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Endocannabinoid System Modulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:75-108. [PMID: 28497982 PMCID: PMC5984569 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox imbalance may lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and subsequent oxidative tissue damage, which is a critical event in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. It is still not fully elucidated, however, whether oxidative stress is the primary trigger or a consequence in the process of neurodegeneration. Recent Advances: Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the propagation of neuronal injury and consequent inflammatory response, which in concert promote development of pathological alterations characteristic of most common neurodegenerative diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulating recent evidence also suggests that there is an important interplay between the lipid endocannabinoid system [ECS; comprising the main cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoids, and their synthetic and metabolizing enzymes] and various key inflammatory and redox-dependent processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting the ECS to modulate redox state-dependent cell death and to decrease consequent or preceding inflammatory response holds therapeutic potential in a multitude of oxidative stress-related acute or chronic neurodegenerative disorders from stroke and traumatic brain injury to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis, just to name a few, which will be discussed in this overview. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 75-108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Paloczi
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George Hasko
- 2 Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Pal Pacher
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland
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40
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Kärkkäinen O, Tuomainen T, Mutikainen M, Lehtonen M, Ruas JL, Hanhineva K, Tavi P. Heart specific PGC-1α deletion identifies metabolome of cardiac restricted metabolic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 115:107-118. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Heart failure (HF) is associated with drastic changes in metabolism leading to a cardiac energy deficiency well as maladaptive changes in multiple other tissues. It is still unclear which of these changes originates from cardiomyocyte metabolic remodelling or whether they are induced secondarily by systemic factors. Our aim here was to induce cardiac restricted metabolic changes mimicking those seen in HF and to characterize the associated metabolite changes in the heart, circulation, and peripheral tissues.
Methods and results
We generated a cardiac specific PGC-1α knockout mice (KO) to specifically induce metabolic dysregulation typically accompanied by HF and performed a non-targeted LC-MS metabolite profiling analysis of heart, plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle to identify metabolites associated with cardiac specific metabolic remodelling. The KO animals developed a progressive cardiomyopathy with cardiac dilatation leading to fatal HF. At 17 weeks of age, when significant remodelling had occurred but before the onset of HF, isolated PGC-1α deficient cardiomyocytes had suppressed glucose and fatty acid oxidation as well as blunted anaerobic metabolism. KO hearts displayed a distinctive metabolite profile with 92 significantly altered molecular features including metabolite changes in energy metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acids, and oxidative stress signalling. Some of the metabolite changes correlated with the specific parameters of cardiac function. We did not observe any significant alterations in the metabolomes of the other measured tissues or in plasma.
Conclusions
Heart specific PGC-1α KO induces metabolic, functional, and structural abnormalities leading to dilating cardiomyopathy and HF. The metabolic changes were limited to the cardiac tissue indicating that cardiomyocyte metabolic remodelling is not sufficient to evoke the body wide metabolic alterations usually associated with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Mutikainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Solanki M, Pointon A, Jones B, Herbert K. Cytochrome P450 2J2: Potential Role in Drug Metabolism and Cardiotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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42
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Lin HL, Zhang H, Hollenberg PF. Formation of Both Heme and Apoprotein Adducts Contributes to the Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human CYP2J2 by 17 α-Ethynylestradiol. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:813-822. [PMID: 29602797 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE), a major component of many oral contraceptives, affects the activities of a number of the human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Here, we characterized the effect of EE on CYP2J2, a major human P450 isoform that participates in metabolism of arachidonic acid. EE inactivated the hydroxyebastine carboxylation activity of CYP2J2 in a reconstituted system. The loss of activity is time and concentration dependent and requires NADPH. The KI and kinact values for the inactivation were 3.6 μM and 0.08 minute-1, respectively. Inactivation of CYP2J2 by EE was due to formation of a heme adduct as well as an apoprotein adduct. Mass spectral analysis of CYP2J2 partially inactivated by EE showed two distinct protein masses in the deconvoluted spectrum that exhibited a mass difference of approximately 312 Da, which is equivalent to the sum of the mass of EE and one oxygen atom. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a heme adduct with MH+ ion at m/z 875.5, corresponding to alkylation of an iron-depleted prosthetic heme by EE plus one oxygen atom. The reactive intermediate responsible for covalently modifying both the prosthetic heme and apoprotein was characterized by trapping with glutathione (GSH). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed two GSH conjugate isomers with MH+ ions at m/z 620, which were formed by reaction between GSH and EE with the oxygen being added to either the internal or terminal carbon of the ethynyl moiety. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed that three other major metabolites were formed during EE metabolism by CYP2J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Lien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haoming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul F Hollenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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43
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Malley KR, Koroleva O, Miller I, Sanishvili R, Jenkins CM, Gross RW, Korolev S. The structure of iPLA 2β reveals dimeric active sites and suggests mechanisms of regulation and localization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 29472584 PMCID: PMC5823874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) regulates important physiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. It is genetically linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Despite its known enzymatic activity, the mechanisms underlying iPLA2β-induced pathologic phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we present a crystal structure of iPLA2β that significantly revises existing mechanistic models. The catalytic domains form a tight dimer. They are surrounded by ankyrin repeat domains that adopt an outwardly flared orientation, poised to interact with membrane proteins. The closely integrated active sites are positioned for cooperative activation and internal transacylation. The structure and additional solution studies suggest that both catalytic domains can be bound and allosterically inhibited by a single calmodulin. These features suggest mechanisms of iPLA2β cellular localization and activity regulation, providing a basis for inhibitor development. Furthermore, the structure provides a framework to investigate the role of neurodegenerative mutations and the function of iPLA2β in the brain. Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the authors present the structure of dimeric iPLA2β, providing insights into the regulation of its activity and cellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin R Malley
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Miller
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ruslan Sanishvili
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sergey Korolev
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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44
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Asnani A, Zheng B, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen HH, Vohra A, Chi A, Cornella-Taracido I, Wang H, Johns DG, Sosnovik DE, Peterson RT. Highly potent visnagin derivatives inhibit Cyp1 and prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96753. [PMID: 29321375 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin are highly effective chemotherapy agents used to treat many common malignancies. However, their use is limited by cardiotoxicity. We previously identified visnagin as protecting against doxorubicin toxicity in cardiac but not tumor cells. In this study, we sought to develop more potent visnagin analogs in order to use these analogs as tools to clarify the mechanisms of visnagin-mediated cardioprotection. Structure-activity relationship studies were performed in a zebrafish model of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Movement of the 5-carbonyl to the 7 position and addition of short ester side chains led to development of visnagin analogs with 1,000-fold increased potency in zebrafish and 250-fold increased potency in mice. Using proteomics, we discovered that doxorubicin caused robust induction of Cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) that was mitigated by visnagin and its potent analog 23. Treatment with structurally divergent CYP1 inhibitors, as well as knockdown of CYP1A, prevented doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. The identification of potent cardioprotective agents may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Moreover, these studies support the idea that CYP1 is an important contributor to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and suggest that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Asnani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Baohui Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Yan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - You Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Howard H Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anita Vohra
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - An Chi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Huijun Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David E Sosnovik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital.,College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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45
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Kingma JG, Simard D, Rouleau JR, Drolet B, Simard C. The Physiopathology of Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Review of the Potential Contributions of Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E21. [PMID: 29367550 PMCID: PMC5753122 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk plays an essential role in the physiological homeostasis of the heart and other organs, and requires a complex interaction between a host of cellular, molecular, and neural factors. Derangements in these interactions can initiate multi-organ dysfunction. This is the case, for instance, in the heart or kidneys where a pathological alteration in one organ can unfavorably affect function in another distant organ; attention is currently being paid to understanding the physiopathological consequences of kidney dysfunction on cardiac performance that lead to cardiorenal syndrome. Different cardiorenal connectors (renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous system activation, inflammation, uremia, etc.) and non-traditional risk factors potentially contribute to multi-organ failure. Of these, inflammation may be crucial as inflammatory cells contribute to over-production of eicosanoids and lipid second messengers that activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis. Indeed, inflammation biomarkers are often elevated in patients with cardiac or renal dysfunction. Epigenetics, a dynamic process that regulates gene expression and function, is also recognized as an important player in single-organ disease. Principal epigenetic modifications occur at the level of DNA (i.e., methylation) and histone proteins; aberrant DNA methylation is associated with pathogenesis of organ dysfunction through a number of mechanisms (inflammation, nitric oxide bioavailability, endothelin, etc.). Herein, we focus on the potential contribution of inflammation in pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kingma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Denys Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Jacques R Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Benoit Drolet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Chantale Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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46
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Therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acid-derived epoxyeicosanoids in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:177-204. [PMID: 29080699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been attributed to dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), including protection against cardiac arrhythmia, triglyceride-lowering, amelioration of inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review covers recent findings indicating that a variety of these beneficial effects are mediated by "omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids", a class of novel n-3 LC-PUFA-derived lipid mediators, which are generated via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase pathway. CYP enzymes, previously identified as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; AA) epoxygenases, accept eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA), the major fish oil n-3 LC-PUFAs, as efficient alternative substrates. In humans and rodents, dietary EPA/DHA supplementation causes a profound shift of the endogenous CYP-eicosanoid profile from AA- to EPA- and DHA-derived metabolites, increasing, in particular, the plasma and tissue levels of 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP). Based on preclinical studies, these omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids display cardioprotective, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs in diverse disease conditions ranging from cardiac disease, bronchial disorders, and intraocular neovascularization, to allergic intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain. Increasing evidence also suggests that background nutrition as well as genetic and disease state-related factors could limit the response to EPA/DHA-supplementation by reducing the formation and/or enhancing the degradation of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. Recently, metabolically robust synthetic analogs mimicking the biological activities of 17,18-EEQ have been developed. These drug candidates may overcome limitations of dietary EPA/DHA supplementation and provide novel options for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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47
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Jamieson KL, Endo T, Darwesh AM, Samokhvalov V, Seubert JM. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids and heart function. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:47-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Altered Protein Expression of Cardiac CYP2J and Hepatic CYP2C, CYP4A, and CYP4F in a Mouse Model of Type II Diabetes-A Link in the Onset and Development of Cardiovascular Disease? Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9040044. [PMID: 29023376 PMCID: PMC5750650 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in a tissue- and cell-specific manner to generate vasoactive products such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs-cardioprotective) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs-cardiotoxic). Type II diabetes is a well-recognized risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. A mouse model of Type II diabetes (C57BLKS/J-db/db) was used. After sacrifice, livers and hearts were collected, washed, and snap frozen. Total proteins were extracted. Western blots were performed to assess cardiac CYP2J and hepatic CYP2C, CYP4A, and CYP4F protein expression, respectively. Significant decreases in relative protein expression of cardiac CYP2J and hepatic CYP2C were observed in Type II diabetes animals compared to controls (CYP2J: 0.80 ± 0.03 vs. 1.05 ± 0.06, n = 20, p < 0.001); (CYP2C: 1.56 ± 0.17 vs. 2.21 ± 0.19, n = 19, p < 0.01). In contrast, significant increases in relative protein expression of both hepatic CYP4A and CYP4F were noted in Type II diabetes mice compared to controls (CYP4A: 1.06 ± 0.09 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01, n = 19, p < 0.001); (CYP4F: 2.53 ± 0.22 vs. 1.10 ± 0.07, n = 19, p < 0.001). These alterations induced by Type II diabetes in the endogenous pathway (CYP450) of arachidonic acid metabolism may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease by disrupting the fine equilibrium between cardioprotective (CYP2J/CYP2C-generated) and cardiotoxic (CYP4A/CYP4F-generated) metabolites of arachidonic acid.
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49
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Caligiuri SPB, Parikh M, Stamenkovic A, Pierce GN, Aukema HM. Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H903-H918. [PMID: 28801523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and .,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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50
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Míčová P, Klevstig M, Holzerová K, Vecka M, Žurmanová J, Neckář J, Kolář F, Nováková O, Novotný J, Hlaváčková M. Antioxidant tempol suppresses heart cytosolic phospholipase A2α stimulated by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:920-927. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation implicated in the improved cardiac tolerance against acute ischemia–reperfusion injury. Phospholipases A2(PLA2s) play an important role in cardiomyocyte phospholipid metabolism influencing membrane homeostasis. Here we aimed to determine the effect of CIH (7000 m, 8 h/day, 5 weeks) on the expression of cytosolic PLA2(cPLA2α), its phosphorylated form (p-cPLA2α), calcium-independent (iPLA2), and secretory (sPLA2IIA) at protein and mRNA levels, as well as fatty acids (FA) profile in left ventricular myocardium of adult male Wistar rats. Chronic administration of antioxidant tempol was used to verify the ROS involvement in CIH effect on PLA2s expression and phospholipid FA remodeling. While CIH did not affect PLA2s mRNA levels, it increased the total cPLA2α protein in cytosol and membranes (by 191% and 38%, respectively) and p-cPLA2α (by 23%) in membranes. On the contrary, both iPLA2and sPLA2IIA were downregulated by CIH. CIH further decreased phospholipid n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and increased n-3 PUFA proportion. Tempol treatment prevented only CIH-induced cPLA2α up-regulation and its phosphorylation on Ser505. Our results show that CIH diversely affect myocardial PLA2s and suggest that ROS are responsible for the activation of cPLA2α under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Míčová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Holzerová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Žurmanová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Nováková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hlaváčková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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