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Das A, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST. Harnessing the potential of monocytes/macrophages to regenerate tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:839-854. [PMID: 38742656 PMCID: PMC11218695 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free tissue-engineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to treat cardiovascular disease, but timely endothelialization is essential for ensuring patency and proper functioning post-implantation. Recent studies from our lab showed that blood cells like monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕ) may contribute directly to cellularization and regeneration of bioengineered arteries in small and large animal models. While MCs and Mϕ are leucocytes that are part of the innate immune response, they share common developmental origins with endothelial cells (ECs) and are known to play crucial roles during vessel formation (angiogenesis) and vessel repair after inflammation/injury. They are highly plastic cells that polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to cytokines and differentiate into other cell types, including EC-like cells, in the presence of appropriate chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the developmental origins of MCs and ECs; the role of MCs and Mϕ in vessel repair/regeneration during inflammation/injury; and the role of chemical signalling and mechanical forces in Mϕ inflammation that mediates vascular graft regeneration. We postulate that comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will better inform the development of strategies to coax MCs/Mϕ into endothelializing the lumen and regenerate the smooth muscle layers of cell-free bioengineered arteries and veins that are designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and perhaps the native vasculature as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 813 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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Liu Y, Long Y, Fang J, Liu G. Advances in the Anti-Atherosclerotic Mechanisms of Epigallocatechin Gallate. Nutrients 2024; 16:2074. [PMID: 38999821 PMCID: PMC11243004 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common clinical sickness and the major pathological basis of ischemic cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). The pathogenesis of AS involves a variety of risk factors, and there is a lack of effective preventive and curative drugs that can completely treat AS. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and changes in dietary habits, the morbidity and mortality rates of AS are on the rise, and the age of onset tends to be younger. The formation of AS is closely related to a variety of factors, and the main factors include lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial damage, inflammation, unstable plaques, etc. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as one of the main components of catechins, has a variety of pharmacological effects, and its role in the prevention of AS and the protection of cardiovascular and cerebral blood vessels has been highly valued. Recent epidemiological investigations and various in vivo and ex vivo experiments have shown that EGCG is capable of resisting atherosclerosis and reducing the morbidity and mortality of AS. In this paper, we reviewed the anti-AS effects of EGCG and its mechanisms in recent years, including the regulation of lipid metabolism, regulation of intestinal flora disorders, improvement of vascular endothelial cell functions, inhibition of inflammatory factors expression, regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are helpful for the prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiling Long
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Huang R, Sun Y, Liu R, Zhu B, Zhang H, Wu H. ZeXieYin formula alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in APOE-/- mice to attenuate vascular inflammation and increase plaque stability. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117969. [PMID: 38437888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zexieyin formula (ZXYF), a traditional Chinese herbal formula recorded in the Huangdi Neijing to have efficacy in relieving spleen dampness and heat accumulation syndrome, which is also the key pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). The efficacy has demonstrated by our previous studies. However, the intrinsic mechanism of ZXYF for treating vascular inflammation and the effect of inflammatory response on plaque are not known. Currently, plaque stabilization is crucial for the prognosis of AS. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study mainly focused on the therapeutic effects of ZXYF on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced vascular inflammation and vulnerable plaques (VP) in mice and explored its underlying mechanism. METHODS AND MATERIALS Male apolipoprotein E knockout (APOE-/-) mice were fed HFD for 8 weeks to establish a VP model. During this period, the mice were also administered ZXYF, while atorvastatin (ATO) was used as a positive control. Aortic plaque area and morphology were detected by oil red staining and HE staining. Aortic plaque collagen content was detected by Masson staining. M1/M2 type macrophages were detected using immunofluorescence (IF). The study analyzed the levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6), MAPK/NF-κB pathway proteins, and NLRP3 inflammasomes (NLRP3, Caspase-1) using Western blot. Additionally, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the aorta were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The plaque instability index was calculated for each group using the vulnerable plaque formula. RESULTS In this study, APOE-/- mice were fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The results of oil-red and HE staining indicated a significant increase in the aortic plaque area of the mice, which exhibited a typical VP phenotype. ZXYF and ATO significantly improved AS plaques and prevented plaque rupture. HFD exacerbated vascular inflammation, stimulated macrophage conversion to M1-type through the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and released pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6. These factors activated NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to cellular death. However, ZXYF could reverse this trend and promote the conversion of macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 type. The anti-inflammatory effect of ATO was not significant. Moreover, HFD promoted the release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 from macrophages, which degraded plaque collagen, and induced a decrease in plaque SMC content, resulting in a thinning of the plaque fibrous cap. In contrast, ZXYF inhibited the decomposition of plaque collagen and increased the content of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMC) by reducing macrophage secretion of MMPs, thereby stabilizing plaques. Although ATO could reverse the decrease in plaque collagen and SMC content, its effect on MMPs was not significant. Finally, we calculated the vulnerability index to assess the overall risk of the plaque vulnerability phenotype. In line with these findings, ZXYF and ATO were able to effectively reverse the increase in the vulnerability index caused by HFD and lower the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that ZXYF could reduce inflammation and increase plaque stability by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, which provided a theoretical basis for clinical application and subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Boran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Leartprapun N, Zeng Z, Hajjarian Z, Bossuyt V, Nadkarni SK. Laser speckle rheological microscopy reveals wideband viscoelastic spectra of biological tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1586. [PMID: 38718128 PMCID: PMC11078189 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Viscoelastic transformation of tissue drives aberrant cellular functions and is an early biomarker of disease pathogenesis. Tissues scale a range of viscoelastic moduli, from biofluids to bone. Moreover, viscoelastic behavior is governed by the frequency at which tissue is probed, yielding distinct viscous and elastic responses modulated over a wide frequency band. Existing tools do not quantify wideband viscoelastic spectra in tissues, leaving a vast knowledge gap. We present wideband laser speckle rheological microscopy (WB-SHEAR) that reveals elastic and viscous response over sub-megahertz frequencies previously not investigated in tissue. WB-SHEAR uses an optical, noncontact approach to quantify wideband viscoelastic spectra in specimens spanning a range of moduli from low-viscosity fibrin to highly elastic bone. Via laser scanning, micromechanical imaging is enabled to access wideband viscoelastic spectra in heterogeneous tumor specimens with high spatial resolution (25 micrometers). The ability to interrogate the viscoelastic landscape of diverse biospecimens could transform our understanding of mechanobiological processes in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zeinab Hajjarian
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seemantini K. Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Miceli G, Basso MG, Pintus C, Pennacchio AR, Cocciola E, Cuffaro M, Profita M, Rizzo G, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathways of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques at Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4351. [PMID: 38673936 PMCID: PMC11050267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of vulnerable carotid plaques is pivotal in understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke secondary to large-artery atherosclerosis. In macroscopic evaluation, vulnerable plaques are characterized by one or more of the following features: microcalcification; neovascularization; lipid-rich necrotic cores (LRNCs); intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH); thin fibrous caps; plaque surface ulceration; huge dimensions, suggesting stenosis; and plaque rupture. Recognizing these macroscopic characteristics is crucial for estimating the risk of cerebrovascular events, also in the case of non-significant (less than 50%) stenosis. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, lipid-related markers like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix components are among the key molecules that are scrutinized for their associative roles in plaque instability. Through their quantification and evaluation, these biomarkers reveal intricate molecular cross-talk governing plaque inflammation, rupture potential, and thrombogenicity. The current evidence demonstrates that plaque vulnerability phenotypes are multiple and heterogeneous and are associated with many highly complex molecular pathways that determine the activation of an immune-mediated cascade that culminates in thromboinflammation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge on molecular biomarkers expressed by symptomatic carotid plaques. It explores the association of these biomarkers with the structural and compositional attributes that characterize vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miceli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberta Pennacchio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Cocciola
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cuffaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Profita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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6
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Zhou G, Liu Y, Wu H, Zhang D, Yang Q, Li Y. Research Progress on Histone Deacetylases Regulating Programmed Cell Death in Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:308-321. [PMID: 37821683 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifying enzyme that is closely related to chromatin structure and gene transcription, and numerous studies have found that HDACs play an important regulatory role in atherosclerosis disease. Apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis as the three typical programmed cell death modalities that can lead to cell loss and are closely related to the developmental process of atherosclerosis. In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that the programmed cell death mediated by HDACs is increasingly important in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. This paper first gives a brief overview of HDACs, the mechanism of programmed cell death, and their role in atherosclerosis, and then further elaborates on the role and mechanism of HDACs in regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and programmed necrosis in atherosclerosis, respectively, to provide new effective measures and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China.
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yiling Road 183, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Qingzhuo Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, 443003, China
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7
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Velpuri P, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Role of sirtuins in attenuating plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:51-62. [PMID: 36952068 PMCID: PMC10034899 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the development of intimal plaque, thrombosis, and stenosis of the vessel lumen causing decreased blood flow and hypoxia precipitating angina. Chronic inflammation in the stable plaque renders it unstable and rupture of unstable plaques results in the formation of emboli leading to hypoxia/ischemia to the organs by occluding the terminal branches and precipitate myocardial infarction and stroke. Such delibitating events could be controlled by the strategies that prevent plaque development or plaque stabilization. Despite the use of statins to stabilize plaques, there is a need for novel targets due to continuously increasing cases of cardiovascular events. Sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of signaling proteins, are involved in sustaining genome integrity, DNA damage response and repair, modulating oxidative stress, aging, inflammation, and energy metabolism. SIRTs play a critical role in modulating inflammation and involves in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The role of SIRTs in relation to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is scarcely discussed in the literature. Since SIRTs regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging, they may also regulate plaque progression and vulnerability as these molecular mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of plaque development, progression, and vulnerability. This review critically discusses the role of SIRTs in plaque progression and vulnerability and the possibility of targeting SIRTs to attenuate plaque rupture, focusing on the highlights in genomics, molecular pathways, and cell types involved in the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathosh Velpuri
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.
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Chen H, Teng D, Xu B, Wang C, Wang H, Jia W, Gong L, Dong H, Zhong L, Yang J. The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Reduces Atherosclerosis by Enhancing Macrophage Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:999-1009. [PMID: 37126209 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that SGLT2 suppresses atherosclerosis (AS). Recent studies indicate that autophagy widely participates in atherogenesis. This study aimed to assess the effect of canagliflozin (CAN) on atherogenesis via autophagy. Macrophages and ApoE - / - mice were used in this study. In macrophages, the results showed that CAN promoted LC3II expression and autophagosome formation. Furthermore, the cholesterol efflux assay demonstrated that CAN enhanced cholesterol efflux from macrophages via autophagy, resulting in lower lipid droplet concentrations in macrophages. The western blot revealed that CAN regulated autophagy via the AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 signaling pathway. CAN resulted in increased macrophage autophagy in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE - / - mice, confirming that CAN could inhibit the progression of AS via promoting macrophage autophagy. The current study found that CAN reduced the production of atherosclerotic lesions, which adds to our understanding of how SGLT2 inhibitors function to delay the progression of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da Teng
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
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9
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Zeng M, Zhang X, Lv N, Wang L, Suo Y, Gan J, Yang L, Yu B, Jiang X, Zeng W. Sodium Danshensu stabilizes atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques by targeting IKKβ mediated inflammation in macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115153. [PMID: 37437377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cause of acute cardiovascular events with high mortality is the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque followed by thrombosis. Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has shown potential in inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages and preventing early plaque formation in atherosclerotic mice. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanism of action of SDSS are still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in inhibiting inflammation in macrophages and stabilizing vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis (AS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of SDSS in stabilizing vulnerable plaques was demonstrated using various techniques such as ultrasound, Oil Red O staining, HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and lipid analysis in ApoE-/- mice. Subsequently, IKKβ was identified as a potential target of SDSS through protein microarray, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Additionally, ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were employed to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, IKKβ, and NF-κB pathway-related targets, thereby confirming the mechanism of SDSS in treating AS both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the impact of SDSS was observed in the presence of an IKKβ-specific inhibitor. RESULTS Initially, the administration of SDSS led to a decrease in the formation and area of aortic plaque, while also stabilizing vulnerable plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, it was identified that IKKβ serves as the primary binding target of SDSS. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SDSS effectively inhibits the NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ. Lastly, the combined use of the IKKβ-specific inhibitor IMD-0354 further enhanced the beneficial effects of SDSS. CONCLUSIONS SDSS stabilized vulnerable plaques and suppressed inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through its targeting of IKKβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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10
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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11
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Leartprapun N, Zeng Z, Hajjarian Z, Bossuyt V, Nadkarni SK. Speckle rheological spectroscopy reveals wideband viscoelastic spectra of biological tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544037. [PMID: 37333220 PMCID: PMC10274797 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical transformation of tissue is not merely a symptom but a decisive driver in pathological processes. Comprising intricate network of cells, fibrillar proteins, and interstitial fluid, tissues exhibit distinct solid-(elastic) and liquid-like (viscous) behaviours that span a wide band of frequencies. Yet, characterization of wideband viscoelastic behaviour in whole tissue has not been investigated, leaving a vast knowledge gap in the higher frequency range that is linked to fundamental intracellular processes and microstructural dynamics. Here, we present wideband Speckle rHEologicAl spectRoScopy (SHEARS) to address this need. We demonstrate, for the first time, analysis of frequency-dependent elastic and viscous moduli up to the sub-MHz regime in biomimetic scaffolds and tissue specimens of blood clots, breast tumours, and bone. By capturing previously inaccessible viscoelastic behaviour across the wide frequency spectrum, our approach provides distinct and comprehensive mechanical signatures of tissues that may provide new mechanobiological insights and inform novel disease prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Zeinab Hajjarian
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Seemantini K. Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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12
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Chen H, Zhang L, Mi S, Wang H, Wang C, Jia W, Gong L, Dong H, Xu B, Jing Y, Ge P, Pei Z, Zhong L, Yang J. FURIN suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage autophagy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22933. [PMID: 37093709 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201762rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
FURIN, a member of the mammalian proprotein convertases (PCs) family, can promote the proteolytic maturation of proproteins. It has been shown that FURIN plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Current evidence indicates that autophagy widely participates in atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore whether FURIN could affect atherogenesis via autophagy. The effect of FURIN on autophagy was studied using aortic tissues from aortic dissection patients who had BENTALL surgery, as well as macrophages and ApoE-/- mice. In atherosclerotic plaques of aortic tissues from patients, FURIN expression and autophagy were elevated. In macrophages, FURIN-shRNA and FURIN-overexpression lentivirus were used to intervene in FURIN expression. The results showed that FURIN overexpression accelerated LC3 formation in macrophages during the autophagosome formation phase. Furthermore, FURIN-induced autophagy resulted in lower lipid droplet concentrations in macrophages. The western blot revealed that FURIN regulated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway. In vivo, FURIN overexpression resulted in increased macrophage LC3 formation in ApoE-/- mice atherosclerotic plaques, confirming that FURIN could inhibit the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy. The present study demonstrated that FURIN suppressed the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway, which attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation. Based on this data, current findings add to our understanding of the complexity of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Shaohua Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- The 2nd Medical Colloge, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Peipei Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Zhigang Pei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
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14
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M1/M2 re-polarization of kaempferol biomimetic NPs in anti-inflammatory therapy of atherosclerosis. J Control Release 2023; 353:1068-1083. [PMID: 36549391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of death worldwide, involves chronic macrophage inflammation from its initiation to the emergence of complications. Targeting plaque inflammation by re-polarizing pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 could therefore provide a promising strategy to treat AS, but currently available anti-inflammatory drugs limit clinical outcomes. In this study, we found that kaempferol (KPF) is capable of potential anti-inflammation as a novel drug candidate, which has been scarcely reported. Building upon these findings, we fabricated a macrophage-biomimetic KPF delivery platform, abbreviated as KPF@MM-NPs to potentiate therapeutic payloads, wherein the designed ROS-responsive Dextran-g-PBMEO NPs with π-π stacking were coated with macrophage membrane (MM) for effective target and accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Therapy of KPF@MM-NPs afforded significant decrease in proliferating macrophage inflammation while went with the reduction of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and re-polarization M1 to M2 phenotype, inducing excellent anti-AS responses in ApoE-/- mice after i.p. delivery. The mechanism of KPF@MM-NPs was further investigated and found it related to block the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways. Together with as well demonstrated biosafety profiles, this proof-of-concept opens an instructive door for the study of KPF-mediated nanodrugs in treatment of AS based on biomimetic NPs.
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15
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Burger F, Baptista D, Roth A, Brandt KJ, Miteva K. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Peli1 Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132014. [PMID: 35805095 PMCID: PMC9265341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the main cause of death and morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitination plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including control of vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function and atherosclerotic plaque stability. Peli1 a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase has emerged as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, however, its role in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Methods: Apoe−/− mice and Peli1-deficient Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice were subject to high cholesterol diet. Post sacrifice, serum was collected, and atherosclerotic plaque size and parameters of atherosclerotic plaque stability were evaluated. Immunoprofiling and foam cell quantification were performed. Results: Peli1 deficiency does not affect atherosclerosis lesion burden and cholesterol levels, but promotes VSMCs foam cells formation, necrotic core expansion, collagen, and fibrous cap reduction. Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice exhibit a storm of inflammatory cytokines, expansion of Th1, Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells, a decrease in regulatory T and B cells and induction of pro-atherogenic serum level of IgG2a and IgE. Conclusions: In the present study, we uncover a crucial role for Peli1 in atherosclerosis as an important regulator of inflammation and VSMCs phenotypic modulation and subsequently atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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16
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Liu Q, Pan J, Bao L, Xu C, Qi Y, Jiang B, Wang D, Zhu X, Li X, Zhang H, Bai H, Yang Q, Ma J, Wiemer EAC, Ben J, Chen Q. Major Vault Protein Prevents Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization by Suppressing Macrophage ASK1-JNK Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:580-596. [PMID: 35387478 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque instability by inflammation and degradation of extracellular matrix. However, the regulatory mechanisms driving these macrophage-associated processes are not well understood. Here, we aimed to identify the plaque destabilization-associated cytokines and signaling pathways in macrophages. METHODS The atherosclerotic models of myeloid-specific MVP (major vault protein) knockout mice and control mice were generated. Atherosclerotic instability, macrophage inflammatory signaling, and active cytokines released by macrophages were examined in vivo and in vitro by using cellular and molecular biological approaches. RESULTS MVP deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated murine plaque instability by increasing production of both MMP (matrix metallopeptidase)-9 and proinflammatory cytokines in artery wall. Mechanistically, expression of MMP-9 was mediated via ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1)-MKK-4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4)-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signaling in macrophages. MVP and its α-helical domain could bind with ASK1 and inhibit its dimerization and phosphorylation. A 62 amino acid peptide (MVP-[686-747]) in the α-helical domain of MVP showed a crucial role in preventing macrophage MMP-9 production and plaque instability. CONCLUSIONS MVP may act as an inhibitor for ASK1-JNK signaling-mediated MMP-9 production in macrophages and, thereby, attenuate unstable plaque formation. Our findings suggest that suppression of macrophage ASK1-JNK signaling may be a useful strategy antagonizing atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Junlu Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Linrui Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Junqing Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Erik A C Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.C.W.)
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Q.L., J.P., L.B., C.X., Y.Q., B.J., D.W., X.Z., X.L., H.Z., H.B., Q.Y., J.M., J.B., Q.C.)
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17
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Tissue-engineered collagenous fibrous cap models to systematically elucidate atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5434. [PMID: 35361847 PMCID: PMC8971478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant amount of vascular thrombotic events are associated with rupture of the fibrous cap that overlie atherosclerotic plaques. Cap rupture is however difficult to predict due to the heterogenous composition of the plaque, unknown material properties, and the stochastic nature of the event. Here, we aim to create tissue engineered human fibrous cap models with a variable but controllable collagen composition, suitable for mechanical testing, to scrutinize the reciprocal relationships between composition and mechanical properties. Myofibroblasts were cultured in 1 × 1.5 cm-sized fibrin-based constrained gels for 21 days according to established (dynamic) culture protocols (i.e. static, intermittent or continuous loading) to vary collagen composition (e.g. amount, type and organization). At day 7, a soft 2 mm ∅ fibrin inclusion was introduced in the centre of each tissue to mimic the soft lipid core, simulating the heterogeneity of a plaque. Results demonstrate reproducible collagenous tissues, that mimic the bulk mechanical properties of human caps and vary in collagen composition due to the presence of a successfully integrated soft inclusion and the culture protocol applied. The models can be deployed to assess tissue mechanics, evolution and failure of fibrous caps or complex heterogeneous tissues in general.
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18
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NR1D1 Deletion Induces Rupture-Prone Vulnerable Plaques by Regulating Macrophage Pyroptosis via the NF- κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5217572. [PMID: 34956438 PMCID: PMC8702349 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5217572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable plaque rupture is the main trigger of most acute cardiovascular events. But the underlying mechanisms responsible for the transition from stable to vulnerable plaque remain largely unknown. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), also known as REV-ERB α, is a nuclear receptor that has shown the protective role in cardiovascular system. However, the effect of NR1D1 on vulnerable plaque rupture and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. By generating the rupture-prone vulnerable plaque model in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice and NR1D1−/−ApoE−/− mice, we demonstrated that NR1D1 deficiency significantly augmented plaque vulnerability/rupture, with higher incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage (78.26% vs. 47.82%, P = 0.0325) and spontaneous plaque rupture with intraluminal thrombus formation (65.21% vs. 39.13%, P = 0.1392). In vivo experiments indicated that NR1D1 exerted a protective role in the vasculature. Mechanically, NR1D1 deficiency aggravates macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Compared with the ApoE−/− mice, NR1D1−/−ApoE−/− mice exhibited a significantly higher expression level of pyroptosis-related genes in macrophages within the plaque. Further investigation based on mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) confirmed that NR1D1 exerted a protective effect by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis in a NLRP3-inflammasome-dependent manner. Besides, pharmacological activation of NR1D1 by SR9009, a specific NR1D1 agonist, prevented plaque vulnerability/rupture. In general, our findings provide further evidences that NR1D1 plays a protective role in the vasculature, regulates inflammation and oxidative stress, and stabilizes rupture-prone vulnerable plaques.
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19
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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20
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Gifani M, Eddins DJ, Kosuge H, Zhang Y, Paluri SLA, Larson T, Leeper N, Herzenberg LA, Gambhir SS, McConnell MV, Ghosn EEB, Smith BR. Ultra-selective carbon nanotubes for photoacoustic imaging of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101005. [PMID: 34733130 PMCID: PMC8559995 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques often leads to myocardial infarction and stroke, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A diagnostic method that detects high-risk atherosclerotic plaques at early stages could prevent these sequelae. The abundance of immune cells in the arterial wall, especially inflammatory Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages, is indicative of plaque inflammation, and may be associated with plaque vulnerability. Hence, we sought to develop a new method that specifically targets these immune cells to offer clinically-relevant diagnostic information about cardiovascular disease. We combine ultra-selective nanoparticle targeting of Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages with clinically-viable photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in order to precisely and specifically image inflamed plaques ex vivo in a mouse model that mimics human vulnerable plaques histopathologically. Within the plaques, high-dimensional single-cell flow cytometry (13-parameter) showed that our nanoparticles were almost-exclusively taken up by the Ly-6Chi monocytes and foamy macrophages that heavily infiltrate plaques. PAI identified inflamed atherosclerotic plaques that display ~6-fold greater signal compared to controls (P<0.001) six hours after intravenous injection of ultra-selective carbon nanotubes, with in vivo corroboration via optical imaging. Our highly selective strategy may provide a targeted, non-invasive imaging strategy to accurately identify and diagnose inflamed atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Devon J. Eddins
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sesha L. A. Paluri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy Larson
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas Leeper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael V. McConnell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eliver E. B. Ghosn
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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21
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu S, Sha X, Song X, Dai Y, Zhao M, Cai L, Xu K, Li J. Theranostic nanoplatform to target macrophages enables the inhibition of atherosclerosis progression and fluorescence imaging of plaque in ApoE(-/-) mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:222. [PMID: 34320994 PMCID: PMC8317354 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can cause acute malignant heart and cerebrovascular events, such as acute coronary heart disease, stroke and so on, which seriously threaten the safety of human life and property. Therefore, the early diagnosis and inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progress still be a vital task. Results In this study, we presented the development of composite mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Ru(bpy)3@SiO2-mSiO2, CMSN)-based nanomedicines (NMs) (Ru(bpy)3@SiO2-mSiO2@SRT1720@AntiCD36, CMSN@SRT@Anti) for accurate diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). In vitro cell experiments showed that both RAW264.7 and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells could significantly uptake CMSN@SRT@Anti. Conversely, little fluorescence signal could be observed in CMSN@SRT group, showing the excellent targeting ability of CMSN@SRT@Anti to Class II scavenger receptor, CD36 on macrophage. Additionally, such fluorescence signal was significantly stronger in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which might benefit from the upregulated expression of CD36 on macrophages after ox-LDL treatment. For another, compared with free SRT1720, CMSN@SRT@Anti had a better and more significant effect on the inhibition of macrophage foaming process, which indicated that drug-carrying mesoporous silicon with targeting ability could enhance the efficacy of SRT1720. Animal experimental results showed that after the abdominal injection of CMSN@SRT@Anti, the aortic lesions of ApoE-/-mice could be observed with obvious and persistent fluorescence signals. After 4 weeks post-treatment, the serum total cholesterol, aortic plaque status and area were significantly improved in the mouse, and the effect was better than that in the free SRT1720 group or the CMSN@SRT group. Conclusions The designed CMSN@SRT@Anti with excellent biocompatibility, high-performance and superior atherosclerosis-targeting ability has great potential for accurate identification and targeted therapy of atherosclerotic diseases. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00962-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Xuan Sha
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Xiaoxi Song
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Lulu Cai
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China. .,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China. .,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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22
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Chang TT, Yang HY, Chen C, Chen JW. CCL4 Inhibition in Atherosclerosis: Effects on Plaque Stability, Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness, and Macrophages Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186567. [PMID: 32911750 PMCID: PMC7555143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an arterial inflammatory disease. The circulating level of the C-C chemokine ligand (CCL4) is increased in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to investigate whether CCL4 inhibition could retard the progression of atherosclerosis. In ApoE knockout mice, CCL4 antibody treatment reduced circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and improved lipid profiles accompanied with upregulation of the liver X receptor. CCL4 inhibition reduced the atheroma areas and modified the progression of atheroma plaques, which consisted of a thicker fibrous cap with a reduced macrophage content and lower matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expressions, suggesting the stabilization of atheroma plaques. Human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and macrophages were stimulated with TNF-α or oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The induced expression of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were attenuated by the CCL4 antibody or CCL4 si-RNA. CCL4 inhibition reduced the adhesiveness of HCAECs, which is an early sign of atherogenesis. CCL4 blockade reduced the activity of metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in stimulated macrophages. The effects of CCL4 inhibition on down-regulating adhesion and inflammation proteins were obtained through the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. The direct inhibition of CCL4 stabilized atheroma and reduced endothelial and macrophage activation. CCL4 may be a novel therapeutic target for modulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Ying Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28757730; Fax: +886-2-28711601
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23
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Wang P, Chen Z, Xing D. Multi-parameter characterization of atherosclerotic plaques based on optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic and viscoelasticity imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13761-13774. [PMID: 32403844 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is the critical step in prevention of acute coronary events. Fibrous cap thickness, lipid core size, and inflammation extent are three key parameters for assessing plaque vulnerability. Here, we report on multimodality imaging of mice aortic plaques using a system that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging (PAVEI). The thickness of fibrous cap is accurately evaluated by OCT, and PAI helps to determine the distribution and size of lipid core. The mechanical properties of plaques are closely related to the plaque compositions and the content and distribution of macrophages, while PAVEI can characterize the plaque viscoelasticity through the phase delay of photoacoustic signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the OCT-PAI-PAVEI system can comprehensively characterize the three traits of atherosclerotic plaques, thereby identifying high-risk lesions.
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24
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Wissing TB, van Haaften EE, Koch SE, Ippel BD, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CVC, Smits AIPM. Hemodynamic loads distinctively impact the secretory profile of biomaterial-activated macrophages - implications for in situ vascular tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:132-147. [PMID: 31709425 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are increasingly used for in situ vascular tissue engineering, wherein resorbable fibrous scaffolds are implanted as temporary carriers to locally initiate vascular regeneration. Upon implantation, macrophages infiltrate and start degrading the scaffold, while simultaneously driving a healing cascade via the secretion of paracrine factors that direct the behavior of tissue-producing cells. This balance between neotissue formation and scaffold degradation must be maintained at all times to ensure graft functionality. However, the grafts are continuously exposed to hemodynamic loads, which can influence macrophage response in a hitherto unknown manner and thereby tilt this delicate balance. Here we aimed to unravel the effects of physiological levels of shear stress and cyclic stretch on biomaterial-activated macrophages, in terms of polarization, scaffold degradation and paracrine signaling to tissue-producing cells (i.e. (myo)fibroblasts). Human THP-1-derived macrophages were seeded in electrospun polycaprolactone bis-urea scaffolds and exposed to shear stress (∼1 Pa), cyclic stretch (∼1.04), or a combination thereof for 8 days. The results showed that macrophage polarization distinctly depended on the specific loading regime applied. In particular, hemodynamic loading decreased macrophage degradative activity, especially in conditions of cyclic stretch. Macrophage activation was enhanced upon exposure to shear stress, as evidenced from the upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exposure to the supernatant of these dynamically cultured macrophages was found to amplify the expression of tissue formation- and remodeling-related genes in (myo)fibroblasts statically cultured in comparable electrospun scaffolds. These results emphasize the importance of macrophage mechano-responsiveness in biomaterial-driven vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar B Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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25
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Feng Y, Liu J, Fan T, Zhang W, Yin X, E Y, Tan W, Huo Y. Vertebral Artery Stenoses Contribute to the Development of Diffuse Plaques in the Basilar Artery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:168. [PMID: 32211395 PMCID: PMC7068210 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebral artery (VA) stenosis is relevant to a high early risk of recurrent stroke and basilar artery (BA) is the most common intracranial site of atherosclerotic lesions. It is important to show predictive risk factors for transient ischemic attack (TIA) or posterior infarctions. The aim of the study is to investigate morphometry and hemodynamics in intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries of health and diseased patients to enhance the risk assessment. Based on the geometrical model reconstructed from CTA images in 343 patients, a transient three-dimensional computational model was used to determine the hemodynamics. Patients were classified in symmetric, asymmetric, hypoplastic, and stenotic groups while patients in the stenotic group were divided into unilateral, bilateral, bifurcation, and tandem stenotic sub-groups. Patients in bilateral, bifurcation, and tandem stenotic sub-groups had significantly lower basilar artery diameters than other groups. Patients in the stenotic group had significantly higher surface area ratio (SAR) of high time-averaged wall shear stress gradient (TAWSSG) and higher incidence of TIAs or posterior infarctions than other groups while patients in the tandem stenotic sub-group had the highest values (SAR-TAWSSG of 57 ± 22% and TIAs or posterior infarction incidence of 54%). The high SAR-TAWSSG is predisposed to induce TIAs or posterior infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Feng
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yajun E
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenchang Tan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Jin Z, Li J, Pi J, Chu Q, Wei W, Du Z, Qing L, Zhao X, Wu W. Geniposide alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110015. [PMID: 32187958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess geniposide's effects in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aorta histological changes were evaluated by intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) and H&E staining. Lipid accumulation in the aortic was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out for detecting differentially expressed genes in rabbit high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. The levels of the cytokines CRP, IL-1β and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of iNOS and Arg-1 were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression levels of NR4A1, CD14, FOS, IL1A, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Geniposide markedly reduced the degree of atherosclerotic lesions in aorta tissues. RNA-seq and qPCR demonstrated that NR4A1, CD14, FOS and IL1A mRNA amounts were overtly increased in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Moreover, geniposide reduced iNOS (M1 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts as well as IL-1β secretion, which were enhanced in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Besides, Arg-1 (M2 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts were significantly increased after geniposide treatment, as well as IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that geniposide could inhibit the progression of and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting M2 polarization through the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Junlong Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jianbin Pi
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qingmin Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weichao Wei
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lijin Qing
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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27
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Caravaca AS, Centa M, Gallina AL, Tarnawski L, Olofsson PS. Neural reflex control of vascular inflammation. Bioelectron Med 2020; 6:3. [PMID: 32232111 PMCID: PMC7065709 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that underlies myocardial infarction and stroke. Efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and hypertension has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease. However, atherosclerosis still confers a considerable risk of adverse cardiovascular events. In the current mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammation is pivotal both in disease development and progression. Recent clinical data provided support for this notion and treatment targeting inflammation is currently being explored. Interestingly, neural reflexes regulate cytokine production and inflammation. Hence, new technology utilizing implantable devices to deliver electrical impulses to activate neural circuits are currently being investigated in treatment of inflammation. Hopefully, it may become possible to target vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease using bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we discuss neural control of inflammation and the potential implications of new therapeutic strategies to treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Centa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - A. L. Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. S. Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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28
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Adams S, Wuescher LM, Worth R, Yildirim-Ayan E. Mechano-Immunomodulation: Mechanoresponsive Changes in Macrophage Activity and Polarization. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:2213-2231. [PMID: 31218484 PMCID: PMC7043232 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biomaterial- and scaffold-based immunomodulation strategies were implemented in tissue regeneration efforts for manipulating macrophage polarization (a.k.a. phenotype or lineage commitment, or differentiation). Yet, most of our understanding of macrophage phenotype commitment and phagocytic capacity is limited to how physical cues (extracellular matrix stiffness, roughness, and topography) and soluble chemical cues (cytokines and chemokines released from the scaffold) influence macrophage polarization. In the context of immune response-tissue interaction, the mechanical cues experienced by the residing cells within the tissue also play a critical role in macrophage polarization and inflammatory response. However, there is no compiled study discussing the effect of the dynamic mechanical environment around the tissues on macrophage polarization and the innate immune response. The aim of this comprehensive review paper is 2-fold; (a) to highlight the importance of mechanical cues on macrophage lineage commitment and function and (b) to summarize the important studies dedicated to understand how macrophage polarization changes with different mechanical loading modalities. For the first time, this review paper compiles and compartmentalizes the studies investigating the role of dynamic mechanical loading with various modalities, amplitude, and frequency on macrophage differentiation. A deeper understanding of macrophage phenotype in mechanically dominant tissues (i.e. musculoskeletal tissues, lung tissues, and cardiovascular tissues) provides mechanistic insights into the design of mechano-immunomodulatory tissue scaffold for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adams
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Randall Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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29
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Ding S, Lin N, Sheng X, Zhao Y, Su Y, Xu L, Tong R, Yan Y, Fu Y, He J, Gao Y, Yuan A, Ye L, Reiter RJ, Pu J. Melatonin stabilizes rupture-prone vulnerable plaques via regulating macrophage polarization in a nuclear circadian receptor RORα-dependent manner. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12581. [PMID: 31009101 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable plaques is the main trigger of acute cardio-cerebral vascular events, but mechanisms responsible for transforming a stable atherosclerotic into a vulnerable plaque remain largely unknown. Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone secreted by the pineal gland, plays pleiotropic roles in the cardiovascular system; however, the effect of melatonin on vulnerable plaque rupture and its underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we generated a rupture-prone vulnerable carotid plaque model induced by endogenous renovascular hypertension combined with low shear stress in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg/d by oral administration for 9 weeks) significantly prevented vulnerable plaque rupture, with lower incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage (42.9% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.014) and of spontaneous plaque rupture with intraluminal thrombus formation (38.1% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.029). Mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin ameliorated intraplaque inflammation by suppressing the differentiation of intraplaque macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and circadian nuclear receptor retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) mediated melatonin-exerted vasoprotection against vulnerable plaque instability and intraplaque macrophage polarization. Further analysis in human monocyte-derived macrophages confirmed the role of melatonin in regulating macrophage polarization by regulating the AMPKα-STATs pathway in a RORα-dependent manner. In summary, our data provided the first evidence that melatonin-RORα axis acts as a novel endogenous protective signaling pathway in the vasculature, regulates intraplaque inflammation, and stabilizes rupture-prone vulnerable plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xincheng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ancai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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111In-DANBIRT In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerosis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:6508724. [PMID: 30538613 PMCID: PMC6257909 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6508724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related morbidity and mortality remain a global concern. Atherosclerotic disease follows a slow and silent progression, and the transition from early-stage lesions to vulnerable plaques remains difficult to diagnose. Inflammation is a key component of the development of atherosclerotic plaque and consequent life-threatening complications. This study assessed 111In-DANBIRT as an in vivo, noninvasive SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting an inflammatory marker, Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1), in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods. Selective binding of 111In-DANBIRT was assessed using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to filtered air and ozone (1 ppm) by inhalation for 4 hours to induce a circulating leukocytosis and neutrophilia in peripheral blood. After 24 hours, whole blood was collected and incubated with radiolabeled DANBIRT (68Ga-DANBIRT and 111In-DANBIRT). Isolated cell component smeared slides using cytospin technique were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging was performed 3 hours after administration at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks of HFD diet, followed by tissue harvesting for biodistribution, serum lipid analysis, and histology. 3D autoradiography was performed in both groups 24 hours after administration of 111In-DANBIRT. Results. Increased specific uptake of radiolabeled DANBIRT by neutrophils in the ozone-exposed group was evidenced by the acute immune response due to 4-hour ozone exposure. Molecular imaging performed at 3 hours using SPECT/CT imaging evidenced an exponential longitudinal increase in 111In-DANBIRT uptake in atherosclerosis lesions in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Such results were consistent with increased immune response to vascular injury in cardiovascular and also immune tissues, correlated by 24 hours after administration of 3D autoradiography. Histologic analysis confirmed atherosclerotic disease progression with an increased vascular lesion area in HFD-fed mice compared to normal-diet-fed mice. Conclusion. 111In-DANBIRT is a promising molecular imaging probe to assess inflammation in evolving atheroma and atherosclerotic plaque.
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Jiang W, Agrawal DK, Boosani CS. Cell‑specific histone modifications in atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1215-1224. [PMID: 29901135 PMCID: PMC6072136 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are the key epigenetic mechanisms that have been identified to regulate gene expression in many human diseases. However, in the early developmental stages, such as in utero and the postnatal stages, histone modifications are essential for gene regulation and cell growth. Atherosclerosis represents a classical example of the involvement of different cell types, and their cumulative effects in the development of atheroma and the progression of the disease. Post translational modifications on proteins either induces their functional activity or renders them inactive. Post translational modifications such as methylation or acetylation on histones have been well characterized, and their role in enhancing or inhibiting specific gene expression was clearly elucidated. In the present review article, the critical roles of different histone modifications that occur in atherosclerosis have been summarized. Different histone proteins have been identified to serve a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Specifically, histone methylation and histone acetylation in monocytes, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and in endothelial cells during the progression of atherosclerosis, have been well reported. In recent years, different target molecules and genes that regulate histone modifications have been examined for their effects in the treatment of atherosclerosis in animal models and in clinical trials. An increasing body of evidence suggests that these epigenetic changes resulting from DNA methylation and non-coding RNA may also be associated with histone modifications, thereby indicating that novel therapeutic strategies can be developed by targeting these post translational modifications, which may in turn aid in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Jiang
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Welsh C, Welsh P, Mark PB, Celis-Morales CA, Lewsey J, Gray SR, Lyall DM, Iliodromiti S, Gill JMR, Pell J, Jhund PS, Sattar N. Association of Total and Differential Leukocyte Counts With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the UK Biobank. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1415-1423. [PMID: 29699973 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated white blood cell count is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate whether specific leukocyte subpopulations, which may more closely indicate a specific inflammatory pathway, are specifically associated with CVD. APPROACH AND RESULTS Participants (478 259) from UK Biobank with data for white blood cell count were included. Death because of CVD (n=1377) and non-CVD causes (n=8987) occurred during median follow-up time of 7.0 years (interquartile range, 6.3-7.6). In Cox models, deciles of leukocyte counts (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) were examined using the fifth decile as the referent group. Models were stratified by sex and adjusted for a range of classical risk factors. A sensitivity analysis excluded participants with baseline comorbidites and the first 2 years of follow-up. Men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.08) and women (HR, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-3.35) in the highest decile of neutrophil count were at higher risk of CVD mortality and nonfatal CVD (men HR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.42 and women HR, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.38). In the sensitivity analysis, the power to investigate CVD mortality was limited, but for both sexes combined, the linear HRs for a 1×109/L cell count increase in white blood cell count and neutrophils, respectively, was 1.05 (1.03-1.07) and 1.07 (1.04-1.11). CONCLUSIONS Among circulating leukocyte subpopulations, neutrophil count in men was most consistently associated with fatal and nonfatal CVD. Further studies of interventions that lower circulating neutrophils, such as canakinumab, are required to investigate causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Welsh
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Paul Welsh
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Patrick B Mark
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Carlos A Celis-Morales
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - James Lewsey
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (J.L., D.M.L., J.P.), University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Stuart R Gray
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (J.L., D.M.L., J.P.), University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Stamatina Iliodromiti
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Jason M R Gill
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Jill Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (J.L., D.M.L., J.P.), University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (P.W., C.W., P.B.M., C.A.C.-M., S.R.G., S.I., J.M.R.G., P.S.J., N.S.)
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Simon F, Oberhuber A, Floros N, Düppers P, Schelzig H, Duran M. Pathophysiology of chronic limb ischemia. GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018; 23:13-18. [PMID: 29950791 PMCID: PMC5997105 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-018-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ischemia of the lower extremities is an everyday problem in vascular surgery clinics. In Germany, approximately 3% of all hospitalizations are due to peripheral artery disease (PAD), with critical limb ischemia (CLI) in particular showing a rapid increase. The consequences of chronic undersupply range from reduced walking distance to loss of limbs. At the beginning there are stress factors, such as hyperlipidemia (LDL), free radicals, arterial hypertension, infections or subclinical inflammation that interfere with endothelial homeostasis and cause endothelial dysfunction with increased permeability. Cells of the immune system are attracted and migrate into the vascular wall, where they lead to the degradation of matrix components and destabilization of the plaque. By changing the phenotype of smooth muscle cells and macrophages towards osteoclast-like cells, bone-like hardening of the vessel wall takes place. Above a vessel wall thickness of approximately 100 µm, hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1α) is intensified by the lack of oxygen, which leads to an increase in growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This promotes angiogenesis, but it is not sufficient to compensate for a stenosed artery. Arteriogenesis refers to the growth of existing collateral vessels. The driving forces are the pressure gradient before and after the stenosis and the shear forces acting on the vessel walls. In the case of progressive stenosis, the compensatory capacities can be overtaxed and a manifest hypoxia in the tissue with regression of the obtained vascular structures and tissue atrophy occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Simon
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Network for Fundamental Research in Vascular Medicine (Netzwerk Gefäßmedizinische Grundlagenforschung, NGG), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A. Oberhuber
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N. Floros
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P. Düppers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Schelzig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Duran
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:4-9. [PMID: 31646271 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide a current perspective on the most recent discoveries in this field, with particular focus on hyperglycemia- induced pathology in the cardiovascular system. We also provide perspective on the clinical importance of molecular targeting of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus therapies to treat hyperglycemia, inflammation, thrombosis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
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Zhang B, Ma Y, Xiang C. SIRT2 decreases atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice by modulating macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1238-1242. [PMID: 29145149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has demonstrated that the M1 macrophage phenotype is central to atherosclerotic lesion development. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase, is involved in modulating macrophage polarization. However, the role of SIRT2 in atherosclerotic progression remains unknown. Female LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice were randomly divided into four groups for treatment with saline, empty lentivirus, lentivirus-SIRT2, or shRNA-SIRT2 for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the mice were fed an atherogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for another 8 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaques were assessed in the aortic sinus by morphometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. Aortic levels of macrophage polarization markers were analysed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. We found that lentivirus-SIRT2-treated LDLr-/- mice had decreased plaque areas in the aortic sinus and developed a more stable plaque phenotype, as shown by decreased macrophage infiltration and apoptosis. In addition, treatment with lentivirus-SIRT2 significantly reduced the expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and increased the levels of ARG-1 (arginase-1) in atheromas. These findings suggest that SIRT2 inhibited atherosclerotic plaque progression and enhanced plaque stability in LDLr-/- mice by inhibiting macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- BuChun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, PR China.
| | - YanFeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - ChuHan Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, PR China
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Nagasaka R, Koike T, Tsukada N, Tamura S, Shiomi M. The Coronary Artery Running Pattern is One of the Causes of Individual Differences in the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in WHHLMI Rabbits, an Animal Model for Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:393-404. [PMID: 29093277 PMCID: PMC5945552 DOI: 10.5551/jat.41749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between the coronary artery running pattern and development of coronary lesions was re-examined herein using WHHLMI rabbits, an animal model of spontaneous coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS The coronary artery running pattern was analyzed using an X-ray computed tomography (CT) apparatus after perfusion. Pathological sections were prepared (Victoria blue-HE staining) at 100 µm intervals from the origin of the left circumflex artery (LCX). The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated based on cross-sectional narrowing (lesion area/inner area of the internal elastic lamina). RESULTS In the CT analysis, the angle of the main curvature of the LCX negatively correlated with the percentage of sections with lesions and cross-sectional narrowing. The percentage of sections with lesions was significantly higher in acute angle-type LCX than in obtuse angle-type LCX. Cross-sectional narrowing was also significantly greater in acute angle-type LCX than in obtuse angle-type LCX. The percentage of fibrous lesions was high at the proximal region of LCX, whereas that of lipid-rich lesions was high at the curvature. In 24 months age group, the percentage of sections with calcification in acute angle-type LCX was about twice that in obtuse angle-type LCX. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences were observed in the angle of the main curvature of the LCX, which affected the occurrence and extension of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nagasaka
- Division of Comparative Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonari Koike
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Norie Tsukada
- Division of Comparative Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shohei Tamura
- Division of Comparative Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masashi Shiomi
- Division of Comparative Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.,Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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The Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Animal Models: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6705363. [PMID: 29138752 PMCID: PMC5613364 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6705363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a common inflammatory disease. Stem cell and endothelial progenitor cell treatments can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a mobilisation agent, mobilising stem cells from the bone marrow to circulation in the blood. G-CSF may constitute a treatment of atherosclerosis. We have conducted meta-analysis to evaluate the current evidence for the effect of G-CSF on the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and to provide reference for preclinical experiments and future human clinical trials of atherosclerosis treatment. Methods We searched several databases and conducted a meta-analysis across seven articles using a random-effect model. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager Version 5.2 and Stata 12.0. Results We found that G-CSF therapy was associated with reduced atherosclerotic lesion area (weighted mean difference (WMD): 7.29%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.06-12.52%; P = 0.006). No significant differences in total serum cholesterol (P = 0.54) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.95) were noted in G-CSF treatment groups compared with controls. Multivariable metaregression analysis revealed that the animal type (rabbit, P = 0.022) and frequency of G-CSF administration (>20, P = 0.007) impacted the atherosclerotic lesion area changes. Conclusion The meta-analysis suggested that G-CSF treatment might inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models.
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Chen S, Ma P, Zhao Y, Li B, Jiang S, Xiong H, Wang Z, Wang H, Jin X, Liu C. Biological function and mechanism of MALAT-1 in renal cell carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis: role of the MALAT-1-Livin protein interaction. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:577-585. [PMID: 27655020 PMCID: PMC10717353 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a critical role in cancer development and progression. LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) is a kidney cancer-associated onco-lncRNA involved in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the pathological role of lncRNA MALAT-1 in RCC proliferation and metastasis remains poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the biological role and mechanism of MALAT-1 in RCC proliferation and metastasis. The experiments were performed in human tissues, renal carcinoma cell lines, and nude mice. The expression of lncRNA MALAT-1, Livin mRNA, and the Livin protein was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or a Western blot. The interaction between MALAT-1 and Livin was evaluated by RNA pull-down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). Cell viability and apoptosis in RCC cell lines were detected using CCK-8 and TUNEL assays. LncRNA MALAT-1 and the Livin protein were highly expressed in RCC tissues, as well as in RCC 786-O and Caki-1 cell lines. MALAT-1 interference contributed to an increase in cell apoptosis and a reduction in the cell viability of 786-O and Caki-1 cells. The increase in apoptosis by si-MALAT-1 was reversed by overexpression of Livin. The RIP results showed that MALAT-1 promoted the expression of the Livin protein in 786-O and Caki-1 cells by enhancing the stability of the protein. Furthermore, the volume of si-MALAT-1-786-O cell xenograft was significantly suppressed. These data indicate that lncRNA MALAT-1-mediated promotion of RCC proliferation and metastasis may be due to the upregulation of the expression of Livin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoan Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Lu, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Accounting Institute, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Jiang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbo Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677# Olympic Sports Centre Middle Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Lu, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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Chao Y, Zhu L, Qu X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Kong X, Gu Y, Pu J, Wu W, Ye P, Luo J, Yang H, Chen S. Inhibition of angiotension II type 1 receptor reduced human endothelial inflammation induced by low shear stress. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:94-104. [PMID: 28843962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low shear stress (LSS)-induced endothelial inflammation is the basis for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism underlying LSS-induced inflammation is not well understood. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, participates in atherosclerotic plaque progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AT1R in LSS-induced endothelial activation. Using immunohistochemistry, we noted significant increases in AT1R, vascular endothelial adhesion cell-1 (VCAM1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression in the inner curvature of the aortic arch in C57BL/6 mice compared to the descending aorta in these mice. Moreover, western blotting revealed that these LSS-induced increases in AT1R, ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression were time dependent. However, the expression of these proteins was significantly abolished by treatment with the AT1R antagonist Losartan (1μM) or AT1R small interfering RNA (siRNA). AT1R inhibition significantly suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) upregulation, which also resulted in decreases in ICAM1 and VCAM1 protein expression. These findings demonstrate that LSS induces endothelial inflammation via AT1R/ERK signaling and that Losartan has beneficial effects on endothelial inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Losartan/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Shear Strength/drug effects
- Stress, Mechanical
- Vasculitis/pathology
- Vasculitis/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinliang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangquan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangqin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Noninvasive detection of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in atherosclerotic lesions using technetium-99m-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography in vivo. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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NaoXinTong Inhibits the Advanced Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:203-11. [PMID: 26485209 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Buchang NaoXinTong (NXT), a Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat patients with coronary heart disease in China. However, the underlying mechanisms need more elucidations. In this study, we investigated if NXT can inhibit the progression of the established lesions while stabilizing plaques. Apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice in 3 groups received following treatment: group 1 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks; group 2 was prefed HFD for 12 weeks followed by HFD containing NXT for additional 6 weeks; group 3 was prefed HFD for 8 weeks followed by HFD containing NXT for additional 10 weeks. After treatment, serum and aorta samples were collected and determined lipid profiles, lesions, collagen content, mineralization, and macrophage accumulation in aortic root, respectively. NXT had slight effect on serum lipid profiles but significantly reduced progression of the advanced lesions. In aortic wall, NXT increased smooth muscle cell/collagen content in lesion cap while reducing buried fibrous caps, mineralization, and macrophage accumulation within lesions, which suggests that NXT can stabilize plaques. In addition, NXT increased expression of smooth muscle 22α mRNA while inhibiting expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA in aortas. Our study demonstrates that NXT can reduce advanced atherosclerosis and enhance the plaque stability in apoE(-/-) mice.
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Wang Y, Qiu J, Luo S, Xie X, Zheng Y, Zhang K, Ye Z, Liu W, Gregersen H, Wang G. High shear stress induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through angiogenesis. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:257-67. [PMID: 27482467 PMCID: PMC4966293 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic strokes. Inhibition of thrombosis is one of the important tasks developing biomedical materials such as intravascular stents and vascular grafts. Shear stress (SS) influences the formation and development of atherosclerosis. The current review focuses on the vulnerable plaques observed in the high shear stress (HSS) regions, which localizes at the proximal region of the plaque intruding into the lumen. The vascular outward remodelling occurs in the HSS region for vascular compensation and that angiogenesis is a critical factor for HSS which induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation. These results greatly challenge the established belief that low shear stress is important for expansive remodelling, which provides a new perspective for preventing the transition of stable plaques to high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Shisui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Taiji Group Co, Ltd, Chongqing, 401147, China
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Sakellarios AI, Raber L, Bourantas CV, Exarchos TP, Athanasiou LS, Pelosi G, Koskinas KC, Parodi O, Naka KK, Michalis LK, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Windecker S, Fotiadis DI. Prediction of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development in an In Vivo Coronary Arterial Segment Based on a Multilevel Modeling Approach. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:1721-1730. [PMID: 28113248 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2619489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore major mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque growth, presenting a proof-of-concept numerical model. METHODS To this aim, a human reconstructed left circumflex coronary artery is utilized for a multilevel modeling approach. More specifically, the first level consists of the modeling of blood flow and endothelial shear stress (ESS) computation. The second level includes the modeling of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein and monocytes transport through the endothelial membrane to vessel wall. The third level comprises of the modeling of LDL oxidation, macrophages differentiation, and foam cells formation. All modeling levels integrate experimental findings to describe the major mechanisms that occur in the arterial physiology. In order to validate the proposed approach, we utilize a patient specific scenario by comparing the baseline computational results with the changes in arterial wall thickness, lumen diameter, and plaque components using follow-up data. RESULTS The results of this model show that ESS and LDL concentration have a good correlation with the changes in plaque area [R2 = 0.365 (P = 0.029, adjusted R2 = 0.307) and R2 = 0.368 (P = 0.015, adjusted R2 = 0.342), respectively], whereas the introduction of the variables of oxidized LDL, macrophages, and foam cells as independent predictors improves the accuracy in predicting regions potential for atherosclerotic plaque development [R2 = 0.847 (P = 0.009, adjusted R2 = 0.738)]. CONCLUSION Advanced computational models can be used to increase the accuracy to predict regions which are prone to plaque development. SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is one of leading causes of death worldwide. For this purpose computational models have to be implemented to predict disease progression.
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Navickas R, Gal D, Laucevičius A, Taparauskaitė A, Zdanytė M, Holvoet P. Identifying circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:322-37. [PMID: 27357636 PMCID: PMC4996262 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to identify microRNAs (miRs) with high potential to be used as biomarkers in plasma and/or serum to clinically diagnose, or provide accurate prognosis for survival in, patients with atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A systematic search of published original research yielded a total of 72 studies. After review of the risk of bias of the published studies, according to Cochrane Collaboration and the QUADUAS Group standards, 19 studies were selected. Overall 52 different miRs were reported. In particular, miR-133a/b (5 studies), miR-208a/b (6 studies), and miR-499 (7 studies) were well studied and found to be significant diagnostic and/or prognostic markers across different cardiovascular disease progression stages. miR-1 and miR-145b are potential biomarkers of ACS; miR-1 with higher sensitivity for all acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and miR-145 for STEMI and worse outcome of AMI. But when miRs were studied across different ACS study populations, patients had varying degrees of coronary stenosis, which was identified as an important confounder that limited the ability to quantitatively pool the study results. The identified miRs were found to regulate endothelial function and angiogenesis (miR-1, miR-133), vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation (miR-133, miR-145), communication between vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell to stabilize plaques (miR-145), apoptosis (miR-1, miR-133, miR-499), cardiac myocyte differentiation (miR-1, miR-133, miR-145, miR-208, miR-499), and to repress cardiac hypertrophy (miR-133). Their role in these processes may be explained by regulation of shared RNA targets such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (or p21), ETS proto-oncogene 1, fascin actin-bundling protein 1, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor LIM and SH3 protein 1, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and transgelin 2. These mechanistic data further support the clinical relevance of the identified miRs. miR-1, miR-133a/b, miR-145, miR-208a/b, and miR-499(a) in plasma and/or serum show some potential for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, biased selection of miRs in most studies and unexplained contrasting results are major limitations of current miR research. Inconsistencies need to be addressed in order to definitively identify clinically useful miRs. Therefore, this paper presents important aspects to improve future miR research, including unbiased selection of miRs, standardization/normalization of reference miRs, adjustment for patient comorbidities and medication, and robust protocols of data-sharing plans that could prevent selective publication and selective reporting of miR research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Navickas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diane Gal
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Paul Holvoet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li Y, Fuchimoto D, Sudo M, Haruta H, Lin QF, Takayama T, Morita S, Nochi T, Suzuki S, Sembon S, Nakai M, Kojima M, Iwamoto M, Hashimoto M, Yoda S, Kunimoto S, Hiro T, Matsumoto T, Mitsumata M, Sugitani M, Saito S, Hirayama A, Onishi A. Development of Human-Like Advanced Coronary Plaques in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Pigs and Justification for Statin Treatment Before Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaques. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002779. [PMID: 27091180 PMCID: PMC4843535 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clinical trials have proved that statin can be used prophylactically against cardiovascular events, the direct effects of statin on plaque development are not well understood. We generated low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) pigs to study the effects of early statin administration on development of atherosclerotic plaques, especially advanced plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS LDLR(-/-) pigs were generated by targeted deletion of exon 4 of the LDLR gene. Given a standard chow diet, LDLR(-/-) pigs showed atherosclerotic lesions starting at 6 months of age. When 3-month-old LDLR(-/-) pigs were fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat (HCHF) diet for 4 months (HCHF group), human-like advanced coronary plaques developed. We also fed 3-month-old LDLR(-/-) pigs an HCHF diet with pitavastatin for 4 months (Statin Prophylaxis Group). Although serum cholesterol concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups, intravascular ultrasound revealed 52% reduced plaque volume in statin-treated pigs. Pathological examination revealed most lesions (87%) in the statin prophylaxis group were early-stage lesions, versus 45% in the HCHF diet group (P<0.01). Thin-cap fibroatheroma characterized 40% of the plaques in the HCHF diet group versus 8% in the statin prophylaxis group (P<0.01), intraplaque hemorrhage characterized 11% versus 1% (P<0.01), and calcification characterized 22% versus 1% (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results of our large animal experiment support statin prophylaxis before the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Early statin treatment appears to retard development of coronary artery atherosclerosis and ensure lesion stability. In addition, the LDLR(-/-) pigs we developed represent a large animal model of human-like advanced coronary plaque suitable for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Fuchimoto
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Sudo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Haruta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing-Fei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadateru Takayama
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Morita
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunichi Suzuki
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sembon
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakai
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misaki Kojima
- Animal Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Shunichi Yoda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Mitsumata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Kai F, Laklai H, Weaver VM. Force Matters: Biomechanical Regulation of Cell Invasion and Migration in Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:486-497. [PMID: 27056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, cancer, and various chronic fibrotic conditions are characterized by an increase in the migratory behavior of resident cells and the enhanced invasion of assorted exogenous cells across a stiffened extracellular matrix (ECM). This stiffened scaffold aberrantly engages cellular mechanosignaling networks in cells, which promotes the assembly of invadosomes and lamellae for cell invasion and migration. Accordingly, deciphering the conserved molecular mechanisms whereby matrix stiffness fosters invadosome and lamella formation could identify therapeutic targets to treat fibrotic conditions, and reducing ECM stiffness could ameliorate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuiBoon Kai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanane Laklai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Xiao H, Liu H, Hou C, Liu Y, Yu Q. Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate in Preventing the Development of Diet-induced Atherosclerosis by Blocking the HMGB1 Expression in ApoE-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:299-304. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Guo L, Wang L, Li H, Yang X, Yang B, Li M, Huang J, Gu D. Down regulation of GALNT3 contributes to endothelial cell injury via activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:94-100. [PMID: 26714046 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The GALNT3 gene encodes polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 3 (GalNAc-T3), a member of the GalNAc-Ts family that transfers the N-acetylgalactosamine to the hydroxyl group of serine and threonine residue in the first step of O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Emerging evidences have linked GalNAc-Ts family to coronary artery disease (CAD). However the effect of GALNT3 in CAD is unknown. The present study investigated the function and mechanisms of GALNT3 gene in endothelial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS The GALNT3 mRNA level was decreased by 48.2% in CAD patients (n = 58), compared with that of controls (n = 120). Expression of GALNT3 was also decreased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with CAD sera and subjected to hypoxia in vitro. Knockdown of GALNT3 promoted apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14). Conversely, overexpression of GALNT3 significantly inhibited HUVECs apoptosis and down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 genes, in addition, overexpression of GALNT3 attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14. Finally, the ratio of cytosolic p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK expression was significantly increased with GALNT3 knockdown and lower with GALNT3 overexpression, while the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 blocked the effects of GALNT3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Expression of GALNT3 was reduced in CAD patients, and down regulation of GALNT3 contributed to endothelial injury by promoting apoptosis and up-regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 genes via p38 MAPK activation. GALNT3 may be a potential target for future therapeutic intervention for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Papafaklis MI, Mavrogiannis MC, Michalis LK. Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy: a potential mitigator of the adverse effects of local haemodynamic shear stress in high-risk coronary regions? EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 11:e1218-e1220. [PMID: 26865439 DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i11a242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Millon A, Sigovan M, Boussel L, Mathevet JL, Louzier V, Paquet C, Geloen A, Provost N, Majd Z, Patsouris D, Serusclat A, Canet-Soulas E. Low WSS Induces Intimal Thickening, while Large WSS Variation and Inflammation Induce Medial Thinning, in an Animal Model of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141880. [PMID: 26575029 PMCID: PMC4648591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerotic plaque development in the arterial wall is the result of complex interaction between the wall's endothelial layer and blood hemodynamics. However, the interaction between hemodynamic parameters and inflammation in plaque evolution is not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between wall shear stress (WSS) and vessel wall inflammation during atherosclerotic plaque development in a minipig model of carotid stenosis. METHODS A surgical procedure was performed to create left common carotid artery stenosis by placement of a perivascular cuff in minipigs under atherogenic diet. Animals were followed up on 3T MRI, 1 week after surgery and 3, 6, and 8 months after initiation of the diet. Computational fluid dynamics simulation estimated WSS distribution for the first imaging point. Vascular geometries were co-registered for direct comparison of plaque development and features (Gadolinium- and USPIO-Contrast Enhanced MRI, for permeability and inflammation respectively) with the initial WSS. Histological analysis was performed and sections were matched to MR images, based on spatial landmarks. RESULTS Vessel wall thickening, permeability and inflammation were observed distally from the stenosis. They were eccentric and facing regions of normal wall thickness. Histological analysis confirmed eccentric plaque formation with lipid infiltration, intimal thickening and medial degradation. High phagocytic activity in the stenosis region was co-localized with high WSS, corresponding to intense medial degradation observed on histology samples. CONCLUSION Lower WSS promotes atherosclerotic plaque development distal to an induced stenosis. Vascular and perivascular inflammation locations were predominant in the high WSS stenosis segment, where medial thinning was the major consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Millon
- Lyon-1 University, CREATIS Laboratory, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Loic Boussel
- Lyon-1 University, CREATIS Laboratory, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Geloen
- Lyon-1 University, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - David Patsouris
- Lyon-1 University, CARMEN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
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