1
|
Sok CL, Rossjohn J, Gully BS. The Evolving Portrait of γδ TCR Recognition Determinants. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:543-552. [PMID: 39159405 PMCID: PMC11335310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
In αβ T cells, immunosurveillance is enabled by the αβ TCR, which corecognizes peptide, lipid, or small-molecule Ags presented by MHC- and MHC class I-like Ag-presenting molecules, respectively. Although αβ TCRs vary in their Ag recognition modes, in general they corecognize the presented Ag and the Ag-presenting molecule and do so in an invariable "end-to-end" manner. Quite distinctly, γδ T cells, by way of their γδ TCR, can recognize ligands that extend beyond the confines of MHC- and MHC class I-like restrictions. From structural studies, it is now becoming apparent that γδ TCR recognition modes can break the corecognition paradigm and deviate markedly from the end-to-end docking mechanisms of αβ TCR counterparts. This brief review highlights the emerging portrait of how γδ TCRs can recognize diverse epitopes of their Ags in a manner reminiscent to how Abs recognize Ags.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Humans
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhon Ling Sok
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Benjamin S. Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Honan AM, Jacobsen GE, Drum H, Vazquez EN, Quintero MA, Deshpande AR, Sussman DA, Kerman DH, Damas OM, Proksell S, Van der Jeught K, Abreu MT, Chen Z. Stromal-Like Cells Are Found in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlate With Immune Activation State. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024:01720094-990000000-00266. [PMID: 38829958 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have identified a critical role of stromal-immune cell interactions in immunity and immune tolerance. Transcriptomic profiling has implicated stromal cells in immune-mediated disorders including the 2 common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Stromal-immune interactions may edify inflammatory state and the development of IBD-related complications such as fibrosis, yet the lack of protein markers has hampered studying stromal-immune perturbation. METHODS In this study, we designed a 40-color spectral flow cytometry assay to characterize hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in intestinal biopsies and matched blood samples from patients with CD or UC. RESULTS We identified circulating stromal-like cells that are significantly more abundant in IBD blood samples than in healthy controls. Those cells expressed podoplanin (PDPN), a commonly used marker for fibroblasts, and they were associated with activated and memory T and B cells and altered natural killer cell, monocyte, and macrophage populations. PDPN + cells in the blood correlated with PDPN + cells in the colon. Principal component analysis distinctly separated healthy blood samples from IBD blood samples, with stromal-like cells and B-cell subtypes dominating the IBD signature; Pearson correlation detected an association between PDPN + stromal-like cells and B-cell populations in IBD blood and gut biopsies. DISCUSSION These observations suggest that PDPN + cells in the blood may serve as a biomarker of IBD. Understanding the relationship between stromal cells and immune cells in the intestine and the blood may provide a window into disease pathogenesis and insight into therapeutic targets for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Honan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gillian E Jacobsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah Drum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Emily N Vazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria A Quintero
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Amar R Deshpande
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Sussman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David H Kerman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Oriana M Damas
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Siobhan Proksell
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arehart CH, Sterrett JD, Garris RL, Quispe-Pilco RE, Gignoux CR, Evans LM, Stanislawski MA. Poly-omic risk scores predict inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0067723. [PMID: 38095449 PMCID: PMC10805030 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00677-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by complex etiology and a disrupted colonic ecosystem. We provide a framework for the analysis of multi-omic data, which we apply to study the gut ecosystem in IBD. Specifically, we train and validate models using data on the metagenome, metatranscriptome, virome, and metabolome from the Human Microbiome Project 2 IBD multi-omic database, with 1,785 repeated samples from 130 individuals (103 cases and 27 controls). After splitting the participants into training and testing groups, we used mixed-effects least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to select features for each omic. These features, with demographic covariates, were used to generate separate single-omic prediction scores. All four single-omic scores were then combined into a final regression to assess the relative importance of the individual omics and the predictive benefits when considered together. We identified several species, pathways, and metabolites known to be associated with IBD risk, and we explored the connections between data sets. Individually, metabolomic and viromic scores were more predictive than metagenomics or metatranscriptomics, and when all four scores were combined, we predicted disease diagnosis with a Nagelkerke's R2 of 0.46 and an area under the curve of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.98). Our work supports that some single-omic models for complex traits are more predictive than others, that incorporating multiple omic data sets may improve prediction, and that each omic data type provides a combination of unique and redundant information. This modeling framework can be extended to other complex traits and multi-omic data sets.IMPORTANCEComplex traits are characterized by many biological and environmental factors, such that multi-omic data sets are well-positioned to help us understand their underlying etiologies. We applied a prediction framework across multiple omics (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and viromics) from the gut ecosystem to predict inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosis. The predicted scores from our models highlighted key features and allowed us to compare the relative utility of each omic data set in single-omic versus multi-omic models. Our results emphasized the importance of metabolomics and viromics over metagenomics and metatranscriptomics for predicting IBD status. The greater predictive capability of metabolomics and viromics is likely because these omics serve as markers of lifestyle factors such as diet. This study provides a modeling framework for multi-omic data, and our results show the utility of combining multiple omic data types to disentangle complex disease etiologies and biological signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Arehart
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology PhD Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - John D. Sterrett
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology PhD Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rosanna L. Garris
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology PhD Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth E. Quispe-Pilco
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology PhD Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher R. Gignoux
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke M. Evans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Maggie A. Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Devan J, Nosi V, Spagnuolo J, Chancellor A, Beshirova A, Loureiro JP, Vacchini A, Hendrik Niess J, Calogero R, Mori L, De Libero G, Hruz P. Surface protein and functional analyses identify CD4+CD39+ TCR αβ+ and activated TCR Vδ1+ cells with distinct pro-inflammatory functions in Crohn's disease lesions. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:79-93. [PMID: 37586415 PMCID: PMC10776239 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Extensive screening studies have revealed the accumulation of immune cell subsets with unique plasticity and immunoregulatory properties in patients with CD. We performed phenotypic and functional studies on inflamed and non-inflamed bioptic tissue to investigate the presence of distinct T cells in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients. We analysed hundreds of surface molecules expressed on cells isolated from the intestinal tissue of CD patients using anti-CD45 mAbs-based barcoding. A gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that proteins that regulate the activation of T cells were the most enriched group. We, therefore, designed T-cell focused multicolour flow-cytometry panels and performed clustering analysis which revealed an accumulation of activated TEM CD4+CD39+ T cells producing IL-17 and IL-21 and increased frequency of terminally differentiated TCR Vδ1+ cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ in inflamed tissue of CD patients. The different functional capacities of CD4+ and TCR Vδ1+ cells in CD lesions indicate their non-overlapping contribution to inflammation. The abnormally high number of terminally differentiated TCR Vδ1+ cells suggests that they are continuously activated in inflamed tissue, making them a potential target for novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Devan
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Nosi
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Julian Spagnuolo
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chancellor
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aisha Beshirova
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Pedro Loureiro
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Vacchini
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Mori
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yomogida K, Trsan T, Sudan R, Rodrigues PF, Ulezko Antonova A, Ingle H, Luccia BD, Collins PL, Cella M, Gilfillan S, Baldridge MT, Oltz EM, Colonna M. The transcription factor Aiolos restrains the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:77-87. [PMID: 38049581 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) exhibit prompt innate-like responses to microenvironmental cues and require strict control of effector functions. Here we showed that Aiolos, an Ikaros zinc-finger family member encoded by Ikzf3, acted as a regulator of IEL activation. Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs had elevated expression of NK receptors, cytotoxic enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Ikzf3-/- and Ikzf3+/+ IELs showed an amplified effector machinery in Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs compared to Ikzf3+/+ counterparts. Ikzf3-/- CD8αα+ IELs had increased responsiveness to interleukin-15, which explained a substantial part, but not all, of the observed phenotypes. Aiolos binding sites were close to those for the transcription factors STAT5 and RUNX, which promote interleukin-15 signaling and cytolytic programs, and Ikzf3 deficiency partially increased chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation in these regions. Ikzf3 deficiency in mice enhanced susceptibility to colitis, underscoring the relevance of Aiolos in regulating the effector function in IELs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yomogida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick F Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karmele EP, Moldoveanu AL, Kaymak I, Jugder BE, Ursin RL, Bednar KJ, Corridoni D, Ort T. Single cell RNA-sequencing profiling to improve the translation between human IBD and in vivo models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291990. [PMID: 38179052 PMCID: PMC10766350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for two conditions (Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of pre-clinical animal models has been invaluable for the understanding of potential disease mechanisms. However, despite promising results of numerous therapeutics in mouse colitis models, many of these therapies did not show clinical benefits in patients with IBD. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has recently revolutionized our understanding of complex interactions between the immune system, stromal cells, and epithelial cells by mapping novel cell subpopulations and their remodeling during disease. This technology has not been widely applied to pre-clinical models of IBD. ScRNA-seq profiling of murine models may provide an opportunity to increase the translatability into the clinic, and to choose the most appropriate model to test hypotheses and novel therapeutics. In this review, we have summarized some of the key findings at the single cell transcriptomic level in IBD, how specific signatures have been functionally validated in vivo, and highlighted the similarities and differences between scRNA-seq findings in human IBD and experimental mouse models. In each section of this review, we highlight the importance of utilizing this technology to find the most suitable or translational models of IBD based on the cellular therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Karmele
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ana Laura Moldoveanu
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Ursin
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Kyle J. Bednar
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang B, Rutkowski N, Elisseeff J. The foreign body response: emerging cell types and considerations for targeted therapeutics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7730-7747. [PMID: 37904536 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) remains a clinical challenge in the field of biomaterials due to its ability to elicit a chronic and sustained immune response. Modulating the immune response to materials is a modern paradigm in tissue engineering to enhance repair while limiting fibrous encapsulation and implant isolation. Though the classical mediators of the FBR are well-characterized, recent studies highlight that our understanding of the cell types that shape the FBR may be incomplete. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of T cells, stromal-immune cell interactions, and senescent cells in the biomaterial response, particularly to synthetic materials. We emphasize future studies that will deepen the field's understanding of these cell types in the FBR, with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets that will improve implant integration. Finally, we briefly review several considerations that may influence our understanding of the FBR in humans, including rodent models, aging, gut microbiota, and sex differences. A better understanding of the heterogeneous host cell response during the FBR can enable the design and development of immunomodulatory materials that favor healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Yang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Natalie Rutkowski
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng S, Zhou F, Wang F, Jiang Y, Tang J, Hu X, Luo L, Jin Y, Huang L, Sun D, Xiao G, Feng J, Li X. C5a enhances Vδ1 T cells recruitment via the CCL2-CCR2 axis in IgA nephropathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111065. [PMID: 37862725 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal immune-associated γδ T cells have been implicated in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, the involvement of Vδ1 T cells, the major γδ T cells subtype, in renal damage and the mechanism underlying their migration from peripheral blood to kidney in IgAN remain unclear. METHODS Clinical data from IgAN patients and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed. Phenotypes and chemokine receptors of γδ T cell were compared between IgAN patients and HC. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the infiltration of γδ T cell subsets and the expression of chemokine in renal tissues. In vitro, C5a was used to stimulate the human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) and chemotaxis experiment was used to examine Vδ1 T cells migration. Correlation between Vδ1 T cells and related clinical indicators were analyzed. RESULTS IgAN patients exhibited decreased Vδ1 T cell in blood but increased levels in kidneys compared to HC. Increased CCR2-expressing Vδ1 T cells and serum level of CCL2 were observed in IgAN patients. CCL2 co-localized with CCR2 in HMCs of IgAN. In vitro, C5a enhanced Vδ1 T cells recruitment by HMCs through CCL2-CCR2 axis. Importantly, circulating Vδ1 T cell levels showed a negatively correlated with both the urinary protein creatinine ratio (UACR) and 24-hour urine protein (UP). Moreover, kidney infiltration of Vδ1 cells positively correlated with UACR, UP, mesangial hyperplasia and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in IgAN. CONCLUSIONS C5a-induced production of CCL2 by HMCs facilitates Vδ1 T cells recruitment via the CCL2-CCR2 axis, contributing to renal damage in IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglinzi Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiale Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingyu Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danni Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China..
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carlson SL, Mathew L, Savage M, Kok K, Lindsay JO, Munro CA, McCarthy NE. Mucosal Immunity to Gut Fungi in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1105. [PMID: 37998910 PMCID: PMC10672531 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a diverse microbial community composed of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that plays a major role in human health and disease. Dysregulation of these gut organisms in a genetically susceptible host is fundamental to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While bacterial dysbiosis has been a predominant focus of research for many years, there is growing recognition that fungal interactions with the host immune system are an important driver of gut inflammation. Candida albicans is likely the most studied fungus in the context of IBD, being a near universal gut commensal in humans and also a major barrier-invasive pathogen. There is emerging evidence that intra-strain variation in C. albicans virulence factors exerts a critical influence on IBD pathophysiology. In this review, we describe the immunological impacts of variations in C. lbicans colonisation, morphology, genetics, and proteomics in IBD, as well as the clinical and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Carlson
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Liya Mathew
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Michael Savage
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Klaartje Kok
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - James O. Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Carol A. Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Neil E. McCarthy
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Catalán-Serra I, Ricanek P, Grimstad T. "Out of the box" new therapeutic strategies for Crohn´s disease: moving beyond biologics. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2023; 115:614-634. [PMID: 35748460 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.9010/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New treatment options beyond immunosuppression have emerged in recent years for patients with Crohn´s disease (CD), a chronic systemic condition affecting primarily the gut with great impact in the quality of life. The cause of CD is largely unknown, and a curative treatment is not yet available. In addition, despite the growing therapeutic armamentarium in recent years almost half of the patients don´t achieve a sustained response over time. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the current state of promising new "out of the box" possibilities to control chronic inflammation beyond current pharmacological treatments, including: exclusive enteral nutrition, specific diets, cell therapies using T regs, hyperbaric oxygen, fecal microbiota transplantation, phage therapy, helminths, cannabis and vagal nerve stimulation. The exploration of original and novel therapeutic modalities is key to address their potential as main or complementary treatments in selected CD populations in order to increase efficacy, minimize side effects and improve quality of life of patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tourkochristou E, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Unveiling the biological role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:110-125. [PMID: 36683721 PMCID: PMC9850947 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that has a high epidemiological prevalence worldwide. The increasing disease burden worldwide, lack of response to current biologic therapeutics, and treatment-related immunogenicity have led to major concerns regarding the clinical management of IBD patients and treatment efficacy. Understanding disease pathogenesis and disease-related molecular mechanisms is the most important goal in developing new and effective therapeutics. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators form a class of oral small molecule drugs currently in clinical development for IBD have shown promising effects on disease improvement. S1P is a sphingosine-derived phospholipid that acts by binding to its receptor S1PR and is involved in the regulation of several biological processes including cell survival, differentiation, migration, proliferation, immune response, and lymphocyte trafficking. T lymphocytes play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. In inflamed IBD tissue, an imbalance between T helper (Th) and regulatory T lymphocytes and Th cytokine levels was found. The S1P/S1PR signaling axis and metabolism have been linked to inflammatory responses in IBD. S1P modulators targeting S1PRs and S1P metabolism have been developed and shown to regulate inflammatory responses by affecting lymphocyte trafficking, lymphocyte number, lymphocyte activity, cytokine production, and contributing to gut barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen H, Wu X, Sun R, Lu H, Lin R, Gao X, Li G, Feng Z, Zhu R, Yao Y, Feng B, Liu Z. Dysregulation of CD177 + neutrophils on intraepithelial lymphocytes exacerbates gut inflammation via decreasing microbiota-derived DMF. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172668. [PMID: 36729914 PMCID: PMC9897772 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils synergize with intestinal resident intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) to serve as the first-line defense and maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby neutrophils regulate IELs to inhibit intestinal inflammation are still not completely understood. Here, we found that depletion of neutrophils (especially CD177+ subset) caused expansion of colitogenic TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs, increased intestinal inflammation, and dysbiosis after dextran sulfate sodium exposure or Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. scRNA-seq analysis revealed a pyroptosis-related gene signature and hyperresponsiveness to microbiota in TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs from colitic Cd177-/- mice. Microbiota-derived fumarate and its derivative dimethyl fumarate (DMF), as well as fumarate-producing microbiotas, decreased in the feces of colitic Cd177-/- mice. Elimination of dysbiosis by antibiotics treatment or co-housing procedure and DMF supplementation restrained TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IEL activation. Consistently, DMF significantly alleviated intestinal mucosal inflammation in mice through restricting gasdermin D (GSDMD)-induced pyroptosis of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs. Therefore, our data reveal that neutrophils inhibit intestinal inflammation by promoting microbiota-derived DMF to regulate TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IEL activation in a GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis-dependent manner, and that DMF may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Division of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China,CONTACT Zhanju Liu Center for IBD Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Røyset ES, Sahlin Pettersen HP, Xu W, Larbi A, Sandvik AK, Steigen SE, Catalan‐Serra I, Bakke I. Deep learning-based image analysis reveals significant differences in the number and distribution of mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 9:18-31. [PMID: 36416283 PMCID: PMC9732684 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colon mucosae of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) display differences in the number and distribution of immune cells that are difficult to assess by eye. Deep learning-based analysis on whole slide images (WSIs) allows extraction of complex quantitative data that can be used to uncover different inflammatory patterns. We aimed to explore the distribution of CD3 and γδ T cells in colon mucosal compartments in histologically inactive and active inflammatory bowel disease. By deep learning-based segmentation and cell detection on WSIs from a well-defined cohort of CD (n = 37), UC (n = 58), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 33), we quantified CD3 and γδ T cells within and beneath the epithelium and in lamina propria in proximal and distal colon mucosa, defined by the Nancy histological index. We found that inactive CD had significantly fewer intraepithelial γδ T cells than inactive UC, but higher total number of CD3 cells in all compartments than UC and HCs. Disease activity was associated with a massive loss of intraepithelial γδ T cells in UC, but not in CD. The total intraepithelial number of CD3 cells remained constant regardless of disease activity in both CD and UC. There were more mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells in proximal versus distal colon. Oral corticosteroids had an impact on γδ T cell numbers, while age, gender, and disease duration did not. Relative abundance of γδ T cells in mucosa and blood did not correlate. This study reveals significant differences in the total number of CD3 and γδ T cells in particularly the epithelial area between CD, UC, and HCs, and demonstrates useful application of deep segmentation to quantify cells in mucosal compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Synnøve Røyset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Pathology, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Henrik P Sahlin Pettersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Pathology, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science Technology and Research, BiopolisSingapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science Technology and Research, BiopolisSingapore
| | - Arne K Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR)NTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Sonja E Steigen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Ignacio Catalan‐Serra
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR)NTNUTrondheimNorway,Department of Medicine, GastroenterologyLevanger Hospital, Nord‐Trøndelag Hospital TrustLevangerNorway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH)NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ortiz-López N, Fuenzalida C, Dufeu MS, Pinto-León A, Escobar A, Poniachik J, Roblero JP, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Beltrán CJ. The immune response as a therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954869. [PMID: 36300120 PMCID: PMC9589255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder considered a liver-damaging manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence has increased in the last decades due to modern-day lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity, making it a relevant public health problem worldwide. The clinical progression of NAFLD is associated with advanced forms of liver injury such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As such, diverse pharmacological strategies have been implemented over the last few years, principally focused on metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD progression. However, a variable response rate has been observed in NAFLD patients, which is explained by the interindividual heterogeneity of susceptibility to liver damage. In this scenario, it is necessary to search for different therapeutic approaches. It is worth noting that chronic low-grade inflammation constitutes a central mechanism in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, associated with abnormal composition of the intestinal microbiota, increased lymphocyte activation in the intestine and immune effector mechanisms in liver. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the role of the immune response in NAFLD development. We have focused mainly on the impact of altered gut-liver-microbiota axis communication on immune cell activation in the intestinal mucosa and the role of subsequent lymphocyte homing to the liver in NAFLD development. We further discuss novel clinical trials that addressed the control of the liver and intestinal immune response to complement current NAFLD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Dufeu
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Araceli Pinto-León
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Poniachik
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll J. Beltrán
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lei X, Ketelut-Carneiro N, Shmuel-Galia L, Xu W, Wilson R, Vierbuchen T, Chen Y, Reboldi A, Kang J, Edelblum KL, Ward D, Fitzgerald KA. Epithelial HNF4A shapes the intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment via direct regulation of immune signaling molecules. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212563. [PMID: 35792863 PMCID: PMC9263552 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4A) is a highly conserved nuclear receptor that has been associated with ulcerative colitis. In mice, HNF4A is indispensable for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of HNF4A in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is required for the proper development and composition of the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartment. HNF4A directly regulates expression of immune signaling molecules including butyrophilin-like (Btnl) 1, Btnl6, H2-T3, and Clec2e that control IEC-IEL crosstalk. HNF4A selectively enhances the expansion of natural IELs that are TCRγδ+ or TCRαβ+CD8αα+ to shape the composition of IEL compartment. In the small intestine, HNF4A cooperates with its paralog HNF4G, to drive expression of immune signaling molecules. Moreover, the HNF4A-BTNL regulatory axis is conserved in human IECs. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of HNF4A as a conserved transcription factor controlling IEC-IEL crosstalk and suggest that HNF4A maintains intestinal homeostasis through regulation of the IEL compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiu Lei
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Natalia Ketelut-Carneiro
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Ruth Wilson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Tim Vierbuchen
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Doyle Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhat J, Placek K, Faissner S. Contemplating Dichotomous Nature of Gamma Delta T Cells for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894580. [PMID: 35669772 PMCID: PMC9163397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional T cells, distinguished from αβ T cells in a number of functional properties. Being small in number compared to αβ T cells, γδ T cells have surprised us with their pleiotropic roles in various diseases. γδ T cells are ambiguous in nature as they can produce a number of cytokines depending on the (micro) environmental cues and engage different immune response mechanisms, mainly due to their epigenetic plasticity. Depending on the disease condition, γδ T cells contribute to beneficial or detrimental response. In this review, we thus discuss the dichotomous nature of γδ T cells in cancer, neuroimmunology and infectious diseases. We shed light on the importance of equal consideration for systems immunology and personalized approaches, as exemplified by changes in metabolic requirements. While providing the status of immunotherapy, we will assess the metabolic (and other) considerations for better outcome of γδ T cell-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Bhat
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu X, Gu B, Yang H. The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:379-392. [PMID: 35583374 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bacteria can damage these intestinal mucosal barriers. Here, we mainly review the mechanisms of pathogen damage to biological barriers. Most γδ T cells are located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, with the ability to migrate and engage in crosstalk with microorganisms. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδ T cells to monitor the invasion of pathogens. Pathogen invasion alters the migration pattern of γδ T cells. γδ T cells accelerate pathogen clearance and limit opportunistic invasion of commensal bacteria. By discussing these interactions among γδ T cells, commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, we suggest that γδ T cells may link the interactions between commensal bacteria and pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeiser R, Warnatz K, Rosshart S, Sagar, Tanriver Y. GVHD, IBD and primary immunodeficiencies: The gut as a target of immunopathology resulting from impaired immunity. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1406-1418. [PMID: 35339113 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest immunological organ in the body and has a central function of regulating local immune responses, as the intestinal epithelial barrier is a location where the immune system interacts with the gut microbiome including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Impaired immunity in the intestinal tract can lead to immunopathology, which manifests in different diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A disturbed communication between epithelial cells, immune cells and microbiome will shape pathogenic immune responses to antigens, which need to be counterbalanced by tolerogenic mechanisms and repair mechanisms. Here, we review how impaired intestinal immune function leads to immunopathology with a specific focus on innate immune cells, the role of the microbiome and the resulting clinical manifestations including intestinal GVHD, IBD and enteropathy in primary immunodeficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosshart
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Department of Medicine IV (Nephrology and Primary Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo H, Cao G, Luo C, Tan D, Vong CT, Xu Y, Wang S, Lu H, Wang Y, Jing W. Emerging Pharmacotherapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
21
|
Chia AYT, Ang GWX, Chan ASY, Chan W, Chong TKY, Leung YY. Managing Psoriatic Arthritis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and/or Uveitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737256. [PMID: 34604268 PMCID: PMC8481670 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that presents with psoriasis (PsO), peripheral and axial arthropathy. The heterogeneity of disease presentation leads to the term "psoriatic disease (PsD)" which is thought to better encompass the range of clinical manifestations. PsA is associated with several comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and other extra-articular manifestations including uveitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While novel therapeutics are being developed following advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, the diverse combinations of PsA with its various comorbidities still pose a clinical challenge in managing patients with PsA. This article reviews our current understanding of the pathogenesis of PsA and how various pathways in the pathogenesis lead to the two comorbid extra-articular manifestations - uveitis and IBD. We also review current evidence of treatment strategies in managing patients with PsA with comorbidities of uveitis and/or IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Yu Ting Chia
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gladys Wei Xin Ang
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anita Sook Yee Chan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center and Singapore Eye Research Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Webber Chan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Ying Leung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gryglewski A, Richter P, Szczepanik M. Changes in γδT Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Exacerbations. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:18. [PMID: 34287711 PMCID: PMC8295081 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of γδT cells in ulcerative colitis (UC) is well confirmed in experimental animals and demonstrated in many clinical observations. Recent investigations have indicated that UC is associated with several forms of immune imbalance, such as an imbalance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells. However, little is known about the cellular aspect of clinical colitis exacerbations. We observed 140 patients with histologically confirmed UC over the course of 8 years. We investigated the percentage of γδT and αβT cells in peripheral blood of patients and also the expression of various surface markers (CD25, CD54, CD62L). Patients were assembled into stable colitis and exacerbated colitis groups. The percentage of γδT and αβT cells was evaluated by Ortho Cytorone Absolute flow cytometer. In patients with exacerbated colitis we observed a decrease of γδT cells in peripheral blood and an increased ratio of αβT/γδT. Additionally, we found that exacerbation results in a significant increase of percentage of γδTCD25, γδTCD54 and γδTCD62L lymphocytes in peripheral blood when compared to patients with stable colitis. Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis results in a decreased percentage of γδT cells in peripheral blood with increase of CD25, CD54 and CD62L expressing γδT cells. This may represent the effect of cell activation and migration, similar to that observed after the surgical trauma. We hope that this observation may help to predict exacerbations in colitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Gryglewski
- Department of Anatomy and Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterology, Oncology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Richter
- Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterology, Oncology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lefferts AR, Regner EH, Stahly A, O'Rourke B, Gerich ME, Fennimore BP, Scott FI, Freeman AE, Jones K, Kuhn KA. Circulating mature granzyme B+ T cells distinguish Crohn's disease-associated axial spondyloarthritis from axial spondyloarthritis and Crohn's disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:147. [PMID: 34022940 PMCID: PMC8140495 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has strong connections with intestinal inflammation as occurs in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the immunologic mechanisms that distinguish axSpA, CD, and those with features of both diseases (CD-axSpA) are unknown. This study aimed to address this question by initial unbiased single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) on a pilot cohort followed by validating findings using flow cytometry and ELISA in a larger cohort. METHODS Two individuals each with CD, axSpA, CD-axSpA, and healthy controls (HC) were recruited for a pilot discovery scRNAseq cohort, and the validation cohort consisted of 18 axSpA, 24 CD, 13 CD-axSpA, and 17 HC that was evaluated by flow cytometry on PBMCs and ELISAs for plasma cytokines. RESULTS Uniquely, PBMCs from subjects with CD-axSpA demonstrated a significant increase in granzyme B+ T cells of both CD4+ and CD8+ lineages by both scRNAseq and flow cytometry. T cell maturation was also greater in those with CD-axSpA, particularly the CD4+ granzyme B+ population. Pathway analysis suggested increased interferon response genes in all immune cell populations within CD-axSpA. Although IFN-γ was elevated in the plasma of a subset of subjects with CD-axSpA, IL-6 was also significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the presence of a chronic interferonopathy in subjects with CD-axSpA characterized by interferon signaling by pathway analysis and an expansion of mature, cytotoxic T cells. These data indicate fundamental immunological differences between CD-axSpA and both of the putative "parent" conditions, suggesting that it is a distinct disease with unique natural history and treatment needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Lefferts
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emilie H Regner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Present Address: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew Stahly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Becky O'Rourke
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark E Gerich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Blair P Fennimore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank I Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alison E Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Present Address: Cascade Gastroenterology, Bend, OR, USA
| | - Ken Jones
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Present Address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Penrose HM, Iftikhar R, Collins ME, Toraih E, Ruiz E, Ungerleider N, Nakhoul H, Flemington EF, Kandil E, Shah SB, Savkovic SD. Ulcerative colitis immune cell landscapes and differentially expressed gene signatures determine novel regulators and predict clinical response to biologic therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9010. [PMID: 33907256 PMCID: PMC8079702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous pathobiology underlying Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is not fully understood. Using publicly available transcriptomes from adult UC patients, we identified the immune cell landscape, molecular pathways, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across patient cohorts and their association with treatment outcomes. The global immune cell landscape of UC tissue included increased neutrophils, T CD4 memory activated cells, active dendritic cells (DC), and M0 macrophages, as well as reduced trends in T CD8, Tregs, B memory, resting DC, and M2 macrophages. Pathway analysis of DEGs across UC cohorts demonstrated activated bacterial, inflammatory, growth, and cellular signaling. We identified a specific transcriptional signature of one hundred DEGs (UC100) that distinctly separated UC inflamed from uninflamed transcriptomes. Several UC100 DEGs, with unidentified roles in UC, were validated in primary tissue. Additionally, non-responders to anti-TNFα and anti-α4β7 therapy displayed distinct profiles of immune cells and pathways pertaining to inflammation, growth, and metabolism. We identified twenty resistant DEGs in UC non-responders to both therapies of which four had significant predictive power to treatment outcome. We demonstrated the global immune landscape and pathways in UC tissue, highlighting a unique UC signature across cohorts and a UC resistant signature with predictive performance to biologic therapy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rida Iftikhar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Morgan E Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nathan Ungerleider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hani Nakhoul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Erik F Flemington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shamita B Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA
| | - Suzana D Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tong X, Zheng Y, Li Y, Xiong Y, Chen D. Soluble ligands as drug targets for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107859. [PMID: 33895184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by persistent inflammation in a hereditarily susceptible host. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, patients with IBD frequently suffer from extra-intestinal complications such as fibrosis, stenosis or cancer. Mounting evidence supports the targeting of cytokines for effective treatment of IBD. Cytokines can be included in a newly proposed classification "soluble ligands" that has become the third major target of human protein therapeutic drugs after enzymes and receptors. Soluble ligands have potential significance for research and development of anti-IBD drugs. Compared with traditional drug targets for IBD treatment, such as receptors, at least three factors contribute to the increasing importance of soluble ligands as drug targets. Firstly, cytokines are the main soluble ligands and targeting of them has demonstrated efficacy in patients with IBD. Secondly, soluble ligands are more accessible than receptors, which are embedded in the cell membrane and have complex tertiary membrane structures. Lastly, certain potential target proteins that are present in membrane-bound forms can become soluble following cleavage, providing further opportunities for intervention in the treatment of IBD. In this review, 49 drugs targeting 25 distinct ligands have been evaluated, including consideration of the characteristics of the ligands and drugs in respect of IBD treatment. In addition to approved drugs targeting soluble ligands, we have also assessed drugs that are in preclinical research and drugs inhibiting ligand-receptor binding. Some new types of targetable soluble ligands/proteins, such as epoxide hydrolase and p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, are also introduced. Targeting soluble ligands not only opens a new field of anti-IBD drug development, but the circulating soluble ligands also provide diagnostic insights for early prediction of treatment response. In conclusion, soluble ligands serve as the third-largest protein target class in medicine, with much potential for the drugs targeting them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Tong
- Compartive Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Compartive Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Compartive Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Compartive Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rampal R, Wari N, Singh AK, Das U, Bopanna S, Gupta V, Nayak B, Velapandian T, Kedia S, Kumar D, Awasthi A, Ahuja V. Retinoic Acid Is Elevated in the Mucosa of Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis and Displays a Proinflammatory Role by Augmenting IL-17 and IFNγ Production. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:74-83. [PMID: 32469071 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in promoting Foxp3+ Treg generation while reciprocally inhibiting Th1/Th17 generation. Our previous research highlighted that in the face of inflammatory conditions, RA plays a contrary role where it aggravates intestinal inflammation by promoting interferon (IFN) γ and interleukin (IL)-17 differentiation in vitro. METHODS In this study we translated our in vitro results into a clinical setting where we estimated mucosal and serum RA levels along with the immunophenotypic profile (IL-17, IFNγ, Foxp3, IL-10) in adaptive (CD4, CD8) and innate-like T cells (mucosal associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells) in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission or with active inflammation. RESULTS This is the first study to estimate RA levels in the human gut and shows that patients with active disease had increased mucosal RA levels as compared with patients in remission (4.0 vs 2.5 ng/mL; P < 0.01) and control patients (3.4 vs 0.8 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). This effect was accompanied by significantly elevated IL-17 and IFNγ in tissue CD4+, CD8+, mucosal associated invariant T+ cells, and γδ + T cells. Moreover, the raised RA levels in patients with active disease showed a positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IFNγ) and a negative correlation with IL-10. We also found that RA negatively correlated with IL-9, thereby reinstating our previous finding that RA inhibits Th9 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm our previous in vitro results that in the presence of inflammation, RA plays a crucial role in maintaining gut inflammation by upregulating proinflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rampal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nahidul Wari
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ujjwalkumar Das
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sawan Bopanna
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - T Velapandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Heath Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suzuki T, Hayman L, Kilbey A, Edwards J, Coffelt SB. Gut γδ T cells as guardians, disruptors, and instigators of cancer. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:198-217. [PMID: 32840001 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with nearly 2 million cases per year. Immune cells and inflammation are a critical component of colorectal cancer progression, and they are used as reliable prognostic indicators of patient outcome. With the growing appreciation for immunology in colorectal cancer, interest is growing on the role γδ T cells have to play, as they represent one of the most prominent immune cell populations in gut tissue. This group of cells consists of both resident populations-γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IELs)-and transient populations that each has unique functions. The homeostatic role of these γδ T cell subsets is to maintain barrier integrity and prevent microorganisms from breaching the mucosal layer, which is accomplished through crosstalk with enterocytes and other immune cells. Recent years have seen a surge in discoveries regarding the regulation of γδ IELs in the intestine and the colon with particular new insights into the butyrophilin family. In this review, we discuss the development, specialities, and functions of γδ T cell subsets during cancer progression. We discuss how these cells may be used to predict patient outcome, as well as how to exploit their behavior for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liam Hayman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vandereyken M, James OJ, Swamy M. Mechanisms of activation of innate-like intraepithelial T lymphocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:721-731. [PMID: 32415229 PMCID: PMC7434593 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IEL) contain subsets of innate-like T cells that evoke innate and adaptive immune responses to provide rapid protection at epithelial barrier sites. In the intestine, T-IEL express variable T cell antigen receptors (TCR), with unknown antigen specificities. Intriguingly, they also express multiple inhibitory receptors, many of which are normally found on exhausted or antigen-experienced T cells. This pattern suggests that T-IEL are antigen-experienced, yet it is not clear where, and in what context, T-IEL encounter TCR ligands. We review recent evidence indicating TCR antigens for intestinal innate-like T-IEL are found on thymic or intestinal epithelium, driving agonist selection of T-IEL. We explore the contributions of the TCR and various co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors in activating T-IEL effector functions. The balance between inhibitory and activating signals may be key to keeping these highly cytotoxic, rapidly activated cells in check, and key to harnessing their immune surveillance potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Vandereyken
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Olivia J James
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mahima Swamy
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Giuffrida P, Di Sabatino A. Targeting T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105040. [PMID: 32585338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells play a pivotal role in the immune response underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. On this basis, over the past 25 years several drugs have assessed to target T cells in IBD patients. Amongst anti-CD3 antibodies, visilizumab and foralumab did not show clinical efficacy in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients, respectively, whereas otelixizumab has been tested in vitro only. The anti-CD4 BF-5 and cM-T412, and the anti-CD25 basiliximab and daclizumab were not effective in CD and UC patients, respectively. The anti-NKG2D antibody NNC0142-0002 showed clinical benefit in CD patients, in particular in biologic naïve ones, in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. The anti-CD40L M90 and the GSK1349571A blocking calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels, which are involved in the T cell activation and proliferation, were tested only in ex vivo/in vitro experiments. Apart from ustekinumab, all the other drugs targeting T cell-derived cytokines failed. The reinduction of lamina propria T cell apoptosis is a mechanism to modulate T cell survival exploited by cyclosporin A, azathioprine and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, such as infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab. In this article, we review the drugs targeting T cells via surface receptors, via T cell-derived cytokines, via CRAC channels or by inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen H, Chen C, Yuan X, Xu W, Yang MQ, Li Q, Shen Z, Yin L. Identification of Immune Cell Landscape and Construction of a Novel Diagnostic Nomogram for Crohn's Disease. Front Genet 2020; 11:423. [PMID: 32425988 PMCID: PMC7212409 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) has an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The etiology of CD remains unclear and there is no gold standard for diagnosis. The dysregulated immune response and different infiltration status of immune cells are critical for CD pathogenesis; therefore, it is important to provide an overview of immune-cell alterations in CD and explore a novel method for auxiliary diagnosis. Here we analyzed microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and an extended version of Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORTx) was utilized to estimate the fraction of 22 types of immune cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified, and we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to identify differentially regulated pathways in CD. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was conducted to filter features, and a diagnostic nomogram based on logistic regression was built and validated in an independent validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, we found a proportion of 17 immune-cell types to be significantly altered between CD and healthy controls and a total of 150 DEGs were identified, which were mostly related to the immune response. Among the 15 hub genes based on the PPI network, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and interleukin-1B (IL-1B) showed the highest degree of interaction. Additionally, GSEA and GSVA identified five significantly enriched pathways, among which the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway was critical in the CD development. Furthermore, six variables comprising of CXCL8, IL-1B, M1 macrophages, regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and plasma cells were identified by LASSO regression and incorporated into a logistic regression model. The nomogram displayed a good prediction, with a 0.915 area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and a C-index of 0.915 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.875–0.955]. Similar results were found in the validation cohort, with an AUC of 0.884 and a 0.884 C-index (95% CI: 0.843–0.924). These results provide novel in silico insight into cellular and molecular characteristics of CD and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yuan
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Qing Yang
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a progressive and destructive course and is increasing in incidence worldwide. Several factors have been implicated in the cause of Crohn's disease, including a dysregulated immune system, an altered microbiota, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, but the cause of the disease remains unknown. The onset of the disease at a young age in most cases necessitates prompt but long-term treatment to prevent disease flares and disease progression with intestinal complications. Thus, earlier, more aggressive treatment with biologic therapies or novel small molecules could profoundly change the natural history of the disease and decrease complications and the need for hospitalization and surgery. Although less invasive biomarkers are in development, diagnosis still relies on endoscopy and histological assessment of biopsy specimens. Crohn's disease is a complex disease, and treatment should be personalized to address the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. In the future, disease management might rely on severity scores that incorporate prognostic factors, bowel damage assessment and non-invasive close monitoring of disease activity to reduce the severity of complications.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tyler CJ, Guzman M, Lundborg LR, Yeasmin S, Perez-Jeldres T, Yarur A, Behm B, Dulai PS, Patel D, Bamias G, Rivera-Nieves J. Inherent Immune Cell Variation Within Colonic Segments Presents Challenges for Clinical Trial Design. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1364-1377. [PMID: 32239151 PMCID: PMC7533898 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal biopsy sampling during IBD trials represents a valuable adjunct strategy for understanding drug responses at the tissue level. Given the length and distinctive embryonic origins of the proximal and distal colon, we investigated whether inherent regional differences of immune cell composition could introduce confounders when sampling different disease stages, or pre/post drug administration. Here, we capitalise on novel mass cytometry technology to perform deep immunophenotyping of distinct healthy colonic segments, using the limited numbers of biopsies that can be harvested from patients. METHODS Biopsies [2.8 mm] were collected from the caecum, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum of normal volunteers. Intestinal leukocytes were isolated, stained with a panel of 37 antibodies, and mass cytometry data acquired. RESULTS Site-specific patterns of leukocyte localisation were observed. The proximal colon featured increased CD8+ T cells [particularly resident memory], monocytes, and CD19+ B cells. Conversely, the distal colon and rectum tissues exhibited enrichment for CD4+ T cells and antibody-secreting cells. The transverse colon displayed increased abundance of both γδ T cells and NK cells. Subsets of leukocyte lineages also displayed gradients of expression along the colon length. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an inherent regional immune cell variation within colonic segments, indicating that regional mucosal signatures must be considered when assessing disease stages or the prospective effects of trial drugs on leukocyte subsets. Precise protocols for intestinal sampling must be implemented to allow for the proper interpretation of potential differences observed within leukocyte lineages present in the colonic lamina propria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tyler
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Guzman
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luke R Lundborg
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shaila Yeasmin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Perez-Jeldres
- Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Yarur
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian Behm
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VI, USA
| | | | - Derek Patel
- San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Jesús Rivera-Nieves, MD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Bldg. BRF-II Rm. 4A32, San Diego, CA 92093-0063. Tel.: 858.534.5495; fax: 858.246.1788;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
DeSUMOylase SENP7-Mediated Epithelial Signaling Triggers Intestinal Inflammation via Expansion of Gamma-Delta T Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3522-3538.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
34
|
Lo Presti E, Di Mitri R, Mocciaro F, Di Stefano AB, Scibetta N, Unti E, Cicero G, Pecoraro G, Conte E, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Characterization of γδ T Cells in Intestinal Mucosa From Patients With Early-Onset or Long-Standing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Correlation With Clinical Status. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:873-883. [PMID: 30689780 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the human gut with no clear aetiology. Traditionally, dysregulated adaptive immune responses play an important role even though accumulating evidence suggests a role also for innate immunity. Because of the well-known plasticity of γδ T cells, we investigated their percentage occurrence, phenotypic features and effector functions in the intestinal mucosa of early-onset and long-standing IBD patients, as compared to healthy subjects. METHODS Fresh biopsies from 30 Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients were obtained and digested, and cells were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found a reduced frequency of Vδ1 T cells in tissue from early and late IBD patients (2.24% and 1.95%, respectively, vs 5.44% in healthy tissue) but an increased frequency of Vδ2 T cells in the gut of late IBD patients (3.19% in late patients vs 1.5% in early patients and 1.65% in healthy tissue). The infiltrating Vδ2 T cells had predominant effector memory and terminally differentiated phenotypes and produced elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-17 [IL-17]. The frequency of tissue Vδ2 T cells correlated with the extent of the inflammatory response and the severity of IBD. CONCLUSION Our study shows that tissue Vδ1 T cells are decreased in IBD patients while Vδ2 T cells are increased in the gut of IBD patients and contribute to TNF-α production. Moreover, we identify an as yet unappreciated role of Vδ2 T cells in IL-17 production in the gut of long-standing IBD patients, suggesting that they also participate in the chronic inflammatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Mitri
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Mocciaro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzia Scibetta
- Anatomo-pathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elettra Unti
- Anatomo-pathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Pecoraro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Conte
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jung J, Surh CD, Lee YJ. Microbial Colonization at Early Life Promotes the Development of Diet-Induced CD8αβ Intraepithelial T Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:313-320. [PMID: 30841027 PMCID: PMC6530640 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) develop through the continuous interaction with intestinal antigens such as commensal microbiome and diet. However, their respective roles and mutual interactions in the development of IELs are largely unknown. Here, we showed that dietary antigens regulate the development of the majority of CD8αβ IELs in the small intestine and the absence of commensal microbiota particularly during the weaning period, delay the development of IELs. When we tested specific dietary components, such as wheat or combined corn, soybean and yeast, they were dependent on commensal bacteria for the timely development of diet-induced CD8αβ IELs. In addition, supplementation of intestinal antigens later in life was inefficient for the full induction of CD8αβ IELs. Overall, our findings suggest that early exposure to commensal bacteria is important for the proper development of dietary antigen-dependent immune repertoire in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Jung
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA 92037,
USA
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Catalan-Serra I, Andreu-Ballester JC, Bruland T, Sandvik AK. Gammadelta T Cells: Unconventional T Cells Involved in IBD Pathogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1977-1979. [PMID: 29752622 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Catalan-Serra
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway. .,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang Y, Xu C, Wu D, Wang Z, Wu P, Li L, Huang J, Qiu F. γδ T Cells: Crosstalk Between Microbiota, Chronic Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1483. [PMID: 29997627 PMCID: PMC6028700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and chronic inflammation contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. γδ T cells represent a major innate immune cell population in the intestinal epithelium that is involved in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, inflammation regulation, and carcinogenesis. The important contributions of γδ T cells are (i) to perform a protective role in the context of barrier damage and pathogenic microorganism translocation; (ii) to exert either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects at different inflammatory stages; and (iii) to boost the crosstalk between immune cells and tumor microenvironment, inducing a cascade of suppressive immune responses. Understanding the crucial role of γδ T cells would enable us to manipulate these cells during the CRC sequence and improve the efficacy of tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunben Yang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunjing Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming Qiu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Catalan-Serra I, Brenna Ø. Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2597-2611. [PMID: 29624476 PMCID: PMC6314405 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1461297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling inflammatory process that affects young individuals, with growing incidence. The etiopathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors triggers an inadequate immune response against the commensal intestinal flora in IBD patients. Thus, a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis is central to the development of new therapeutic options. Current pharmacological treatments used in clinical practice like thiopurines or anti-TNF are effective but can produce significant side effects and their efficacy may diminish over time. In fact, up to one third of the patients do not have a satisfactory response to these therapies. Consequently, the search for new therapeutic strategies targeting alternative immunological pathways has intensified. Several new oral and parenteral substances are in the pipeline for IBD. In this review we discuss novel therapies targeting alternative pro-inflammatory pathways like IL-12/23 axis, IL-6 pathway or Janus Kinase inhibitors; as well as others modulating anti-inflammatory signalling pathways like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). We also highlight new emerging therapies targeting the adhesion and migration of leukocytes into the inflamed intestinal mucosa by blocking selectively different subunits of α4β7 integrins or binding alternative adhesion molecules like MAdCAM-1. Drugs reducing the circulating lymphocytes by sequestering them in secondary lymphoid organs (sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators) are also discussed. Finally, the latest advances in cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells or engineered T regs are reviewed. In addition, we provide an update on the current status in clinical trials of these new immune-regulating therapies that open a new era in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Catalan-Serra
- a Department of Medicine , Gastroenterology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust , Levanger , Norway.,b Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.,c Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Øystein Brenna
- a Department of Medicine , Gastroenterology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust , Levanger , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:391-412. [PMID: 29730580 PMCID: PMC7106078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed. TLRs are first described PRRs that revolutionized the biology of host-pathogen interaction and immune response The discovery of different TLRs in humans proved milestone in the field of innate immunity and inflammation The pattern of expression of all the TLRs expressed by human immune cells An association of various TLR SNPs with different inflammatory diseases Currently available drugs or vaccines based on TLRs and their future in drug targeting along with the role in reproduction, and regeneration
Collapse
|
40
|
Hu MD, Edelblum KL. Sentinels at the frontline: the role of intraepithelial lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:321-334. [PMID: 29242771 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Intestinal mucosal immunity is tightly regulated to ensure effective host defense against invasive microorganisms while limiting the potential for aberrant damage. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an imbalance between effector and regulatory T cell populations results in an uncontrolled inflammatory response to commensal bacteria. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are perfectly positioned within the intestinal epithelium to provide the first line of mucosal defense against luminal microbes or rapidly respond to epithelial injury. This review will highlight how IELs promote protective intestinal immunity and discuss the evidence indicating that altered IEL responses contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Recent findings Although the role of IELs in mucosal homeostasis has been largely underappreciated, many of the same factors that contribute to the dysregulation of host defense in IBD also adversely affect IELs. For example, IL-23 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response can enhance IEL lytic activity toward enterocytes. Microbial dysbiosis or defective microbial recognition results in the loss of regulatory IELs, further amplifying these pro-inflammatory effects. Migration of T cells into or within the intraepithelial compartment has a profound effect on their differentiation or effector function demonstrating that IELs are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the local intestinal microenvironment. Summary Enhanced mechanistic insight into the regulation of IEL survival, differentiation and effector function may provide useful tools to modulate IEL surveillance or enhance IEL regulatory function. Elucidation of these processes may result in the development of novel therapeutics to reduce intestinal inflammation and reinforce the mucosal barrier in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine D Hu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| |
Collapse
|