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Tang B, Xie X, Lu J, Huang W, Yang J, Tian J, Lei L. Designing biomaterials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2024; 39:102278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
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Karthik S, Mohan S, Magesh I, Bharathy A, Kolipaka R, Ganesamoorthi S, Sathiya K, Shanmugavadivu A, Gurunathan R, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan nanocarriers for non-coding RNA therapeutics: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130361. [PMID: 38395284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based therapies entail delivering ncRNAs to cells to regulate gene expression and produce proteins that combat infections, cancer, neurological diseases, and bone abnormalities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of these ncRNAs has been limited due to the difficulties in delivering them to specific cellular targets within the body. Chitosan (CS), a biocompatible cationic polymer, interacts with negatively charged RNA molecules to form stable complexes. It is a promising biomaterial to develop nanocarriers for ncRNA delivery, overcoming several disadvantages of traditional delivery systems. CS-based nanocarriers can protect ncRNAs from degradation and target-specific delivery by surface modifications and intracellular release profiles over an extended period. This review briefly summarizes the recent developments in CS nanocarriers' synthesis and design considerations and their applications in ncRNA therapeutics for treating various diseases. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of CS-based nanocarriers for ncRNA therapeutics and potential strategies for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sahithya Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Induja Magesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Bharathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rushil Kolipaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinidhi Ganesamoorthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sathiya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghav Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Li M, Wang R, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Lu J, Li R, Li X, Shi S. COVID-19 cooling: Nanostrategies targeting cytokine storm for controlling severe and critical symptoms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:738-811. [PMID: 37990647 DOI: 10.1002/med.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to wreak havoc worldwide, the "Cytokine Storm" (CS, also known as the inflammatory storm) or Cytokine Release Syndrome has reemerged in the public consciousness. CS is a significant contributor to the deterioration of infected individuals. Therefore, CS control is of great significance for the treatment of critically ill patients and the reduction of mortality rates. With the occurrence of variants, concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum have grown. We should make an effort to modernize treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by mutations. Thus, in addition to the requirement for additional clinical data to monitor the long-term effects of vaccines and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we can use CS as an entry point and therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of the disease in patients. To effectively combat the mutation, new technologies for neutralizing or controlling CS must be developed. In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely applied in the biomedical field, opening up a plethora of opportunities for CS. Here, we put forward the view of cytokine storm as a therapeutic target can be used to treat critically ill patients by expounding the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and CS and the mechanisms associated with CS. We pay special attention to the representative strategies of nanomaterials in current neutral and CS research, as well as their potential chemical design and principles. We hope that the nanostrategies described in this review provide attractive treatment options for severe and critical COVID-19 caused by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Li
- Health Management Centre, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dong L, Li Y, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. A review of chitosan in gene therapy: Developments and challenges. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121562. [PMID: 37985064 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy, as a revolutionary treatment, has been gaining more and more attention. The key to gene therapy is the selection of suitable vectors for protection of exogenous nucleic acid molecules and enabling their specific release in target cells. While viral vectors have been widely used in researches, non-viral vectors are receiving more attention due to its advantages. Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as non-viral organic gene carrier because of its good biocompatibility and its ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes and evaluates the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, along with factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and the current main research development directions. Additionally, it provides an outlook on its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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He S, Song W, Cui S, Li J, Jiang Y, Chen X, Peng L. Modulation of miR-146b by N6-methyladenosine modification remodels tumor-associated macrophages and enhances anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1731-1746. [PMID: 37402945 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-146b (miR-146b) alleviates experimental colitis in mice by mediating macrophage polarization and the release of inflammatory factors. Our goals were to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of miR-146b in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We used murine models of CRC to evaluate whether miR-146b influenced the progression of tumors independent of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RNA immunoprecipitation, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA immunoprecipitation and in vitro pri-miRNA processing assays were conducted to examine whether m6A mediates the maturation of pri-miR-146b/miR-146b. In a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further defined the molecular mechanisms of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)/miR-146b-mediated antitumor immunity and its efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. RESULTS We found that miR-146b deletion supported tumor progression by increasing the number of alternatively activated (M2) TAMs. Mechanistically, the m6A-related "writer" protein METTL3 and "reader" protein HNRNPA2B1 controlled miR-146b maturation by regulating the m6A modification region of pri-miR-146b. Furthermore, miR-146b deletion promoted the polarization of M2-TAMs by enhancing phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, and this effect was mediated by the class IA PI3K catalytic subunit p110β, which reduced T cell infiltration, aggravated immunosuppression and ultimately promoted tumor progression. METTL3 knockdown or miR-146b deletion induced programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) production via the p110β/PI3K/AKT pathway in TAMs and consequently augmented the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The maturation of pri-miR-146b is m6A-dependent, and miR-146b deletion-mediated TAM differentiation promotes the development of CRC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which induces upregulation of PD-L1 expression, inhibits T cell infiltration into the TME and enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The findings reveal that targeting miR-146b can serve as an adjuvant to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Song
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shudan Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou City, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
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Nag S, Mitra O, Tripathi G, Samanta S, Bhattacharya B, Chandane P, Mohanto S, Sundararajan V, Malik S, Rustagi S, Adhikari S, Mohanty A, León‐Figueroa DA, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Barboza JJ, Sah R. Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1121. [PMID: 38156400 PMCID: PMC10755504 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that are stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self-antigens, which can cause systemic or site-specific organ damage. An array of complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the progression of AD, thus providing significant insight into the regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that have been identified as essential contributors to the post-transcriptional regulation of host genome expression and as crucial regulators of a myriad of biological processes such as immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central and peripheral tolerance, and immune cell development. AIMS This article tends to deliberate and conceptualize the brief pathogenesis and pertinent epigenetic regulatory mechanism as well as miRNA networks majorly affecting five different ADs namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) thereby providing novel miRNA-based theranostic interventions. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Pertaining to the differential expression of miRNA attributed in target tissues and cellular bodies of innate and adaptive immunity, a paradigm of scientific expeditions suggests an optimistic correlation between immunogenic dysfunction and miRNA alterations. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is not astonishing that dysregulations in miRNA expression patterns are now recognized in a wide spectrum of disorders, establishing themselves as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Owing to its theranostic potencies, miRNA targets have been widely utilized in the development of biosensors and other therapeutic molecules originating from the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Oishi Mitra
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Souvik Samanta
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Bikramjit Bhattacharya
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Department of Applied MicrobiologyVellore Institute of Technology (VIT)Tamil NaduIndia
| | - Priti Chandane
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of PharmaceuticsYenepoya Pharmacy College & Research CentreYenepoya (Deemed to be University)MangaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of BiotechnologyAmity University JharkhandRanchiJharkhandIndia
- University Centre for Research and DevelopmentUniversity of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, GharuanMohaliPunjab
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhandIndia
| | | | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of MedicineUniversidad Científica del SurLimaPeru
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury School of MedicineLebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyInstitute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyDr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
- Department of Public Health DentistryDr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneMaharashtraIndia
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Liu S, Xia Y, Ji F. Advances in macrophage-targeting nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:785-794. [PMID: 37986666 PMCID: PMC10764192 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully elucidated. However, it has been considered that inflammatory macrophages may be involved in the imbalance of the intestinal mucosal immunity to regulate several signaling pathways, leading to IBD progression. The ratio of M1 to M2 subtypes of activated macrophages tends to increase in the inflamed intestinal section. There are challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD, such as unsatisfactory specificity of imaging findings, low drug accumulation in the intestinal lesions, unstable therapeutic efficacy, and drug-related systemic toxicity. Recently developed nanoparticles may provide a new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Nanoparticles targeted to macrophages can be used as contrast agents to improve the imaging quality or used as a drug delivery vector to increase the therapeutic efficiency of IBD. This article reviews the research progress on macrophage-targeting nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD to provide a reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Wang C, Cheng H, Yan F, Zhang H, Zhang J, Li C, Zhao M, Shi D, Xiong H. MicroRNA-146b protects kidney injury during urinary tract infections by modulating macrophage polarization. mBio 2023; 14:e0209423. [PMID: 37909731 PMCID: PMC10870822 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02094-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can lead to severe kidney injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological process of kidney injury are still incompletely understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) deficiency aggravates kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. In a mouse kidney infection model utilizing urosepsis isolate CFT073, we found that miR-146b expression significantly increased in the early stages of UPEC infection. Also, miR-146b-deficient mice displayed exacerbated inflammation in the kidney injury with severe M1 macrophage infiltration. Additionally, the results showed that miR-146b targeted interferon regulatory factor 5-regulated M1 macrophage polarization during UTIs. The results suggested that miR-146b contributed significantly to the control of kidney damage during UTIs, highlighting that miR-146b might be used as a novel therapeutic target for treating kidney injury during UTIs. IMPORTANCE Kidney injury during acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is an important public health problem. However, how kidney injury develops during UPEC infection is still unclear. Although antibiotic therapy is currently an effective treatment for UTI, it cannot avoid kidney injury. MicroRNAs have gained extensive attention as essential molecules capable of regulating the autoimmune response. Among these, microRNA-146b (miR-146b) is involved in regulating inflammatory responses. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-146b played an essential role in the development of kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC. The results showed that miR-146b may suppress M1 macrophage polarization and alleviate acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the miR-146b activator, agomir, in order to upregulate miR-146b, was effective in treating kidney damage by inhibiting the activation of M1 macrophages. In conclusion, our findings elucidated the mechanisms by which miR-146b alleviated kidney injury induced by UTIs, shed new light on the relationship between microRNA and bacterial infection, and provided a novel therapeutic target for treating this common bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Dai L, Deng H. Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 37875976 PMCID: PMC10594787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Lei P, Yu H, Ma J, Du J, Fang Y, Yang Q, Zhang K, Luo L, Jin L, Wu W, Sun D. Cell membrane nanomaterials composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins for drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126000. [PMID: 37532186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious chronic intestinal disorder with an increasing global incidence. However, current treatment strategies, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and probiotics, have limitations in terms of safety, stability, and effectiveness. The emergence of targeted nanoparticles has revolutionized IBD treatment by enhancing the biological properties of drugs and promoting efficiency and safety. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, cell membrane nanomaterials (CMNs) consist primarily of biological macromolecules, including phospholipids, proteins, and sugars. CMNs include red blood cell membranes, macrophage membranes, and leukocyte membranes, which possess abundant glycoprotein receptors and ligands on their surfaces, allowing for the formation of cell-to-cell connections with other biological macromolecules. Consequently, they exhibit superior cell affinity, evade immune responses, and target inflammation effectively, making them ideal material for targeted delivery of IBD therapies. This review explores various CMNs delivery systems for IBD treatment. However, due to the complexity and harsh nature of the intestinal microenvironment, the lack of flexibility or loss of selectivity poses challenges in designing single CMNs delivery strategies. Therefore, we propose a hierarchically programmed delivery modality that combines CMNs with pH, charge, ROS and ligand-modified responsive nanoparticles. This approach significantly improves delivery efficiency and points the way for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiao Du
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Luo
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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11
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He S, Li J, Yao Z, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Chen X, Peng L. Insulin alleviates murine colitis through microbiome alterations and bile acid metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:498. [PMID: 37491256 PMCID: PMC10369930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the context of bowel inflammation. However, the role of the interaction between insulin and the microbiota in gut health is unclear. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin in bowel inflammation and the relationship between insulin and the gut microbiota. METHODS We used acute and chronic murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to evaluate whether insulin influences the progression of colitis. Colonic tissues, the host metabolome and the gut microbiome were analyzed to investigate the relationship among insulin treatment, the microbiome, and disease. Experiments involving antibiotic (Abx) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the association among the gut microbiota, insulin and IBD. In a series of experiments, we further defined the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin. RESULTS We found that low-dose insulin treatment alleviated intestinal inflammation but did not cause death. These effects were dependent on the gut microbiota, as confirmed by experiments involving Abx treatment and FMT. Using untargeted metabolomic profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing, we discovered that the level of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) was notably increased and the LCA levels were significantly associated with the abundance of Blautia, Enterorhadus and Rumi-NK4A214_group. Furthermore, LCA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by activating a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5), which inhibited the polarization of classically activated (M1) macrophages. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that insulin alters the gut microbiota and affects LCA production, ultimately delaying the progression of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zeeshan M, Ain QU, Weigmann B, Story D, Smith BR, Ali H. Dual pH and microbial-sensitive galactosylated polymeric nanocargoes for multi-level targeting to combat ulcerative colitis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100831. [PMID: 37588990 PMCID: PMC10425895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation, ulcers and irritation of the mucosal lining. Oral drug delivery in UC encounters challenges because of multifaceted barriers. Dexamethasone-loaded galactosylated-PLGA/Eudragit S100/pullulan nanocargoes (Dexa-GP/ES/Pu NCs) have been developed with a dual stimuli-sensitive coating responsive to both colonic pH and microbiota, and an underneath galactosylated-PLGA core (GP). The galactose ligand of the GP preferentially binds to the macrophage galactose type-lectin-C (MGL-2) surface receptor. Therefore, both stimuli and ligand-mediated targeting facilitate nanocargoes to deliver Dexa specifically to the colon with enhanced macrophage uptake. Modified emulsion method coupled with a solvent evaporation coating technique was employed to prepare Dexa-GP/ES/Pu NCs. The nanocargoes were tested using in vitro, ex vivo techniques and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced UC model. Prepared nanocargoes had desired physicochemical properties, drug release, cell uptake and cellular viability. Investigations using a DSS-colitis model showed high localization and mitigation of colitis with downregulation of NF-ĸB and COX-2, and restoration of clinical, histopathological, biochemical indices, antioxidant balance, microbial alterations, FTIR spectra, and epithelial junctions' integrity. Thus, Dexa-GP/ES/Pu NCs found to be biocompatible nanocargoes capable of delivering drugs to the inflamed colon with unique targeting properties for prolonged duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahira Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Darren Story
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - Bryan R. Smith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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13
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Karayianni M, Sentoukas T, Skandalis A, Pippa N, Pispas S. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Technological Aspects, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1849. [PMID: 37514036 PMCID: PMC10383118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is an abundant carbohydrate found mainly in the shells of various marine and terrestrial (micro)organisms. Chitosan has been extensively used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, chitosan NPs have been employed in gene and vaccine delivery, as well as advanced cancer therapy, and they can also serve as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in the field of chitosan-based NPs intended as nucleic acid delivery vehicles and gene therapy vectors. Special attention is given to the technological aspects of chitosan complexes for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayianni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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14
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Ruivinho C, Gama-Carvalho M. Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Genet 2023; 14:1216890. [PMID: 37415603 PMCID: PMC10322155 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1216890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurring outbreaks caused by emerging RNA viruses have fostered an increased interest in the research of the mechanisms that regulate viral life cycles and the pathological outcomes associated with infections. Although interactions at the protein level are well-studied, interactions mediated by RNA molecules are less explored. RNA viruses can encode small non-coding RNAs molecules (sncRNAs), including viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs), that play important roles in modulating host immune responses and viral replication by targeting viral or host transcripts. Starting from the analysis of public databases compiling the known repertoire of viral ncRNA molecules and the evolution of publications and research interests on this topic in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide an updated view on the current knowledge on viral sncRNAs, with a focus on v-miRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the potential of these molecules as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for viral infections and the development of antiviral therapies targeting v-miRNAs. This review emphasizes the importance of continued research efforts to characterize sncRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, identifies the most relevant pitfalls in the study of these molecules, and highlights the paradigm changes that have occurred in the last few years regarding their biogenesis, prevalence and functional relevance in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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15
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Zhang M, Li X, Zhang Q, Yang J, Liu G. Roles of macrophages on ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103617. [PMID: 37006260 PMCID: PMC10062481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer is the most serious complication of ulcerative colitis. Long-term chronic inflammation increases the incidence of CAC in UC patients. Compared with sporadic colorectal cancer, CAC means multiple lesions, worse pathological type and worse prognosis. Macrophage is a kind of innate immune cell, which play an important role both in inflammatory response and tumor immunity. Macrophages are polarized into two phenotypes under different conditions: M1 and M2. In UC, enhanced macrophage infiltration produces a large number of inflammatory cytokines, which promote tumorigenesis of UC. M1 polarization has an anti-tumor effect after CAC formation, whereas M2 polarization promotes tumor growth. M2 polarization plays a tumor-promoting role. Some drugs have been shown to that prevent and treat CAC effectively by targeting macrophages.
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16
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Papadimitriou MA, Panoutsopoulou K, Pilala KM, Scorilas A, Avgeris M. Epi-miRNAs: Modern mediators of methylation status in human cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1735. [PMID: 35580998 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the fundamental macromolecules, DNA/RNA, and proteins, is remarkably abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and functionally significant in cellular homeostasis and normal tissue/organism development. Disrupted methylation imprinting is strongly linked to loss of the physiological equilibrium and numerous human pathologies, and most importantly to carcinogenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer progression. Mounting recent evidence has documented the active implication of miRNAs in the orchestration of the multicomponent cellular methylation machineries and the deregulation of methylation profile in the epigenetic, epitranscriptomic, and epiproteomic levels during cancer onset and progression. The elucidation of such regulatory networks between the miRNome and the cellular methylation machineries has led to the emergence of a novel subclass of miRNAs, namely "epi-miRNAs" or "epi-miRs." Herein, we have summarized the existing knowledge on the functional role of epi-miRs in the methylation dynamic landscape of human cancers and their clinical utility in modern cancer diagnostics and tailored therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina-Marina Pilala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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17
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Innocenti T, Bigagli E, Lynch EN, Galli A, Dragoni G. MiRNA-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Are We Still Missing? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:308-323. [PMID: 35749310 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs usually 24-30 nucleotides long that play a central role in epigenetic mechanisms of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Recently, several studies have assessed the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated neoplasia. Particularly, it has been shown that many members of miRNAs family are involved in the pathways of inflammation and fibrogenesis of IBD; therefore, their use as inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers has been postulated. In light of these results, the role of miRNAs in IBD therapy has been proposed and is currently under investigation with many in vitro and in vivo studies, murine models, and a phase 2a trial. The accumulating data have pushed miRNA-based therapy closer to clinical practice, although many open questions remain. With this systematic review, we discuss the current knowledge about the therapeutic effects of miRNAs mimicking and inhibition, and we explore the new potential targets of miRNA family for the treatment of inflammation and fibrosis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Innocenti
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Nicola Lynch
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dragoni
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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miRNA Molecules-Late Breaking Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032233. [PMID: 36768556 PMCID: PMC9916785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in regulating epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation-related diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which primarily include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of intestinal tissues. Due to the multifactorial etiology of these diseases, the development of innovative treatment strategies that can effectively maintain remission and alleviate disease symptoms is a major challenge. In recent years, evidence for the regulatory role of miRNAs in the pathogenetic mechanisms of various diseases, including IBD, has been accumulating. In light of these findings, miRNAs represent potential innovative candidates for therapeutic application in IBD. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of miRNAs in regulating inflammatory responses, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and developing fibrosis in clinical and experimental IBD. The focus is on the existing literature, indicating potential therapeutic application of miRNAs in both preclinical experimental IBD models and translational data in the context of clinical IBD. To date, a large and diverse data set, which is growing rapidly, supports the potential use of miRNA-based therapies in clinical practice, although many questions remain unanswered.
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19
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Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis via CD44-Mediated Dual Targeting to Inflamed Colitis Tissue and Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102118. [PMID: 36297553 PMCID: PMC9612393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various local anti-inflammatory therapies for ulcerative colitis have been developed, rapid drug elimination from inflamed colitis tissue and off-target side effects reduce their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we synthesized curcumin (Cur)-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated nanoparticles (Cur-HA-PLGA-NPs) that target inflamed colitis tissue via HA-CD44 interaction with resident colonic epithelial cells and subsequently target activated macrophages for ulcerative colitis therapy. The synthesized spherical Cur-HA-PLGA-NPs showed physicochemical properties similar to those of non-HA-conjugated Cur-PLGA-NPs. HA-PLGA-NPs exhibited selective accumulation in inflamed colitis tissue with minimal accumulation in healthy colon tissue. HA functionalization enhanced targeted drug delivery to intestinal macrophages, significantly increasing HA-PLGA-NP cellular uptake. Importantly, the rectal administration of Cur-HA-PLGA-NPs exhibited better therapeutic efficacy than Cur-PLGA-NPs in animal studies. Histological examination revealed that Cur-HA-PLGA-NPs reduced inflammation with less inflammatory cell infiltration and accelerated recovery with re-epithelialization signs. Our results suggest that Cur-HA-PLGA-NPs are a promising delivery platform for treating ulcerative colitis.
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20
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Genedy HH, Delair T, Montembault A. Chitosan Based MicroRNA Nanocarriers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091036. [PMID: 36145257 PMCID: PMC9500875 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectorization of microRNAs has shown to be a smart approach for their potential delivery to treat many diseases (i.e., cancer, osteopathy, vascular, and infectious diseases). However, there are barriers to genetic in vivo delivery regarding stability, targeting, specificity, and internalization. Polymeric nanoparticles can be very promising candidates to overcome these challenges. One of the most suitable polymers for this purpose is chitosan. Chitosan (CS), a biodegradable biocompatible natural polysaccharide, has always been of interest for drug and gene delivery. Being cationic, chitosan can easily form particles with anionic polymers to encapsulate microRNA or even complex readily forming polyplexes. However, fine tuning of chitosan characteristics is necessary for a successful formulation. In this review, we cover all chitosan miRNA formulations investigated in the last 10 years, to the best of our knowledge, so that we can distinguish their differences in terms of materials, formulation processes, and intended applications. The factors that make some optimized systems superior to their predecessors are also discussed to reach the highest potential of chitosan microRNA nanocarriers.
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21
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Liu X, Ren X, Zhou L, Liu K, Deng L, Qing Q, Li J, Zhi F, Li M. Tollip Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1151-1167. [PMID: 35134154 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Regulation of macrophage polarization is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Tollip is an important negative regulator of Toll-like receptor [TLR]-mediated innate immunity with downregulated expression in the colon tissues of patients with IBD. This study aimed to regulate the expression of Tollip to affect macrophage polarization. METHODS A molecular, targeted immunotherapy method was developed by linking mannose-modified trimethyl chitosan [MTC] with Tollip-expressing plasmids via ionic cross-linking, forming MTC-Tollip nanoparticles with a targeting function. MTC-Tollip selectively targeted mouse intestinal macrophages to regulate the polarization of macrophages for mucosal repair. RESULTS Orally administered MTC-Tollip significantly elevated Tollip expression in intestinal tissue. Compared with MTC-negative control [NC]-treated mice in which colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS], the MTC-Tollip nanoparticle-treated mice exhibited decreased body weight loss and colon shortening, lower proinflammatory cytokine expression in colon tissues, and greater mucosal barrier integrity. MTC-Tollip treatment decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression but increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression in colon tissue. Tollip overexpression in mouse peritoneal macrophages inhibited lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and promoted IL-4-induced M2 expression. The progression of peritoneal macrophages extracted from Tollip-/- mice confirmed the effect of Tollip on macrophage polarization. Western blots showed that Tollip overexpression attenuated the upregulation of TLR pathway-associated targets in M1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS MTC nanoparticles can be 'intelligent' carriers in immunotherapy. The modulation of Tollip expression in macrophages may be a novel treatment approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Deng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Deng F, Wu Z, Zou F, Wang S, Wang X. The Hippo–YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Self-Renewal and Regeneration After Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:894737. [PMID: 35927987 PMCID: PMC9343807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.894737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), control stem cell fate and cell proliferation and differentiation and are essential for tissue self-renewal and regeneration. YAP/TAZ are the core components of the Hippo pathway and they coregulate transcription when localized in the nucleus. The intestinal epithelium undergoes well-regulated self-renewal and regeneration programs to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the epithelial barrier. This prevents luminal pathogen attack, and facilitates daily nutrient absorption and immune balance. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the entire digestive tract. Impaired mucosal healing is a prominent biological feature of IBD. Intestinal self-renewal is primarily dependent on functional intestinal stem cells (ISCs), especially Lgr5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells and transient-amplifying (TA) cells in the crypt base. However, intestinal wound healing is a complicated process that is often associated with epithelial cells, and mesenchymal and immune cells in the mucosal microenvironment. Upon intestinal injury, nonproliferative cells rapidly migrate towards the wound bed to reseal the damaged epithelium, which is followed by cell proliferation and differentiation. YAP is generally localized in the nucleus of Lgr5+ CBC cells, where it transcriptionally regulates the expression of the ISC marker Lgr5 and plays an important role in intestinal self-renewal. YAP/TAZ are the primary mechanical sensors of the cellular microenvironment. Their functions include expanding progenitor and stem cell populations, reprogramming differentiated cells into a primitive state, and mediating the regenerative function of reserve stem cells. Thus, YAP/TAZ play extremely crucial roles in epithelial repair after damage. This review provides an overview of the Hippo–YAP/TAZ signaling pathway and the processes of intestinal self-renewal and regeneration. In particular, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in the phases of intestinal self-renewal and regeneration to suggest a potential strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Feihong Deng, ; Xuehong Wang,
| | - Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Feihong Deng, ; Xuehong Wang,
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23
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Wu J, Wu Y, Feng W, Chen Q, Wang D, Liu M, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Role of Microbial Metabolites of Histidine in the Development of Colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101175. [PMID: 35585003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of colon. Clinical studies show that meat-rich diet plays a critical role in the relapse of colitis. However, it is unclear whether the microbial metabolites of histidine, which is an amino acid widely found in meat, have an impact on the health of the intestine. METHODS AND RESULTS Six metabolites of histidine are given to IEC-6 cells. The cell activity measurement shows that imidazole propionate (IMP) is the most detrimental metabolite. Then, IMP is injected to mice by rectal administration, with blood and colon tissues collected for the measurement of colitis related parameters. The results show that treatment with IMP significantly increased NF-κB, iNOS, and IL-6, decreased number of goblet cell, and inhibited expressions of miR-146b. However, overexpression of miR-146b in mice rescues the decline of the physical condition. Additionally, Notch receptor 1 (Notch1) is identified as a target gene of miR-146b. Further analysis shows that miR-146b restored the abundance of goblet cells by regulating Notch1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION IMP is able to induce intestinal inflammation, impairs the intestinal barrier, and affects the proliferation of goblet cells. The underlined mechanism may partially contribute to the dysregulation of miR-146b/Notch1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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25
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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26
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Advances in the colon-targeted chitosan based drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Yang W, Zhao P, Li X, Guo L, Gao W. The potential roles of natural plant polysaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118821. [PMID: 34893238 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term chronic disease, about 20% of IBD patients deteriorate to colorectal cancer. Currently, there is no radical cure for IBD. Natural plant polysaccharides (NPP) have low toxic and side effects, which have immune and prebiotic activities and possesses positive effect on alleviating IBD. In this review, we will focus on the alleviating effect of NPP on IBD in vitro and in vivo from three aspects: regulating intestinal flora imbalance, repairing intestinal barrier injury and improving immunity. The relationship between the chemical structure of natural plant polysaccharides and the therapeutic effect of IBD are highlighted. Finally, the synergistic role of NPP as a carrier of drugs or active molecules to reduce side effects and enhance targeting function are discussed, especially pectic polysaccharides. Broadly, this review provides a valuable reference for NPP to be developed as functional food or health products to alleviate IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
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28
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Xu J, Xu HM, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Peng QZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Wang LS, Yao J, Nie YQ, Li DF. New Insights Into the Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813659. [PMID: 35173618 PMCID: PMC8841592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Environmental factors, genetics, intestinal microbiota, and the immune system are all involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. Lately, accumulating evidence has shown that abnormal epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone markers, and non-coding RNA expression greatly contribute to the development of the entire disease. Epigenetics regulates many functions, such as maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and regulating the immune system of the immune cells. In the present study, we systematically summarized the latest advances in epigenetic modification of IBD and how epigenetics reveals new mechanisms of IBD. Our present review provided new insights into the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover, exploring the patterns of DNA methylation and histone modification through epigenetics can not only be used as biomarkers of IBD but also as a new target for therapeutic intervention in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Quan-zhou Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, China
| | - Cheng-mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
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29
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Ju H, Fu X, Zou L, Li M, Xue Q, Ma H, Meng Y, Zhao L, Qi H, Yu T. Multistage-Responsive Nanocomplexes Attenuate Ulcerative Colitis by Improving the Accumulation and Distribution of Oral Nucleic Acid Drugs in the Colon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2058-2070. [PMID: 34978415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral gene therapy has emerged as a potential optimal treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Nucleic acid drugs possessing versatility can not only inhibit inflammation but realize colon mucosal healing, fulfilling the clinical objective of UC therapy. However, the effective accumulation and distribution of oral nucleic acid drugs in the colon remain a considerable challenge. Furthermore, current delivery systems pay more attention to the accumulation of nucleic acid drugs in the colon, while the distribution of nucleic acid drugs in the colon, which plays a key role in the UC treatment, never catches the attention of researchers. Here, we used miR-320 as a model nucleic acid drug to develop a kind of multistage-responsive nanocomplexes (MSNs) based on polymeric nanocapsules and alginate. MSNs possess the pH responsiveness in the stomach, the enzyme responsiveness in the colonic lumen, and the redox responsiveness in the cytoplasm. In vivo imaging results showed that MSNs reach the colon within 2 h and effectively release miR-320 nanocapsules in the colonic lumen. The nanocapsules can further deliver miR-320 to the submucosal layer and even the muscular layer. Moreover, MSNs decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and AKT, reducing colonic inflammation and enhancing mucosal repair. Therefore, MSNs can successfully alleviate UC by improving the accumulation and distribution of oral nucleic acid drugs in the colon, promoting the clinical translational application of nucleic acid drugs in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hongzhao Qi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Pan Y, Wang D, Liu F. miR-146b suppresses LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization via inhibiting the FGL2-activated NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100069. [PMID: 35749999 PMCID: PMC9234609 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES M1 macrophage polarization and phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are common biological responses. METHOD Herein, IBD mice models were constructed and macrophages were derived. RESULTS It was discovered that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) was downregulated in IBD mice and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Moreover, the inhibitory role of overexpressed miR-146b in reducing the inflammation level and blocking M1 macrophage polarization was confirmed. Further investigation indicated that Fibrinogen Like 2 (FGL2) acted as the target gene of miR-146b, and FGL2 mediated activation of NLRP3, NF-κB-p65, and p38-MAPK. More importantly, it was validated that miR-146b could ameliorate inflammatory phenotype and prevent M1 macrophage polarization via inhibiting FGL2 in vitro, and miR-146b overexpression alleviated the intestinal injury of IBD mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, it is potential to use miR-146b for the amelioration of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Digestive Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China.
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31
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Yang M, Yang C, Zhang Y, Yan X, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Xu Q, Tu K, Zhang M. Orally pH-activated "nano-bomb" carrier combined with berberine by regulating gene silencing and gut microbiota for site-specific treatment of ulcerative colitis. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1053-1067. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that features colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Preclinical studies demonstrated that inhibiting the overexpression of CD98 via small...
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32
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Yao D, Zhou Z, Wang P, Zheng L, Huang Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Li Y. MiR-125-5p/IL-6R axis regulates macrophage inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis through JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2547-2564. [PMID: 34747340 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1995128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of miR-125-5p and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6 R) on ulcerative colitis (UC) cell models and mouse models. The sera derived from UC patients and healthy subjects were collected for expression analysis. UC in vitro models and in vivo model were constructed and used. Expressions of miR-125-5p, IL-6 R, AK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways, and inflammatory factors, histopathology and apoptosis were determined by conducting a series of molecular experiments. The relationship between miR-125-5p and IL-6 R was analyzed by TargetScan7.2 and verified by dual-luciferase assay. The disease activity index (DAI) score, weight change, and colon length of the mice were recorded and analyzed. Decreased expression of miR-125-5p in the sera of UC patients was related to the increased expression of its target gene IL-6 R. In vitro, up-regulation of miR-125-5p decreased IL-6 R expression, contents of inflammatory factors in THP-1 cells and cell apoptosis of NCM460, and inhibited the activation of JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway. However, down-regulation of miR-125-5p produced the opposite effects to its up-regulation. IL-6 R overexpression partially reversed the effects of miR-125-5p up-regulation on UC cell models. In vivo, miR-125-5p overexpression significantly improved the severity of colitis, including DAI score, colon length, tissue damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, in the mice in the UC group. In addition, miR-125-5p up-regulation significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 R in the UC mice, and reduced the expression levels of JAK1, STAT3 and p65 phosphorylation. MiR-125-5p targeting IL-6 R regulates macrophage inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis through JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lu J, Liu D, Tan Y, Li R, Wang X, Deng F. Thalidomide Attenuates Colitis and Is Associated with the Suppression of M1 Macrophage Polarization by Targeting the Transcription Factor IRF5. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3803-3812. [PMID: 34085173 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The TNF-α inhibitor thalidomide is reported to be effective for inducing remission in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) and adults with refractory CD. The mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of thalidomide are unclear. METHODS Histological assessments were firstly performed in thalidomide treated UC patients. Then the effect of thalidomide in vivo was detected in DSS-induced murine colitis. The mechanism involving IRF5, and M1 macrophage polarization was investigated by using plasmid transfection, western blotting, and real-time PCR. Finally, AOM/DSS model was used to detect the role of thalidomide in colitis associated cancer. RESULTS We first found that treatment with thalidomide could ameliorate colon inflammation for 8 weeks and promote mucosal healing in human UC. Moreover, treatment with thalidomide protected mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis, with treated mice presenting with a higher body weight, lower histological score, and lower DAI. Concomitantly, in comparison with control mice, mice treated with thalidomide showed accelerated recovery following colitis after 10 days of thalidomide treatment. Mechanistically, we observed that thalidomide could increase epithelial cell self-renewal capacity and modulate M1/M2 polarization by decreasing M1 markers CD86 and CCR7 and increasing M2 protein signatures CD206 and Arg-1. Thalidomide controls M1 macrophage polarization by targeting the transcription factor IRF5. Finally, by using the classical AOM/DSS model, we found that thalidomide-treated mice presented with a lower incidence and growth of colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC) than negative control mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, thalidomide suppresses M1 polarization in the inflammatory microenvironment, which not only attenuates colonic inflammation to facilitate mucosal healing after DSS-induced injury but also represses the progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Moine L, Canali MM, Porporatto C, Correa SG. Reviewing the biological activity of chitosan in the mucosa: Focus on intestinal immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:324-334. [PMID: 34419549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a polymer derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin with particular characteristics, such as mucoadhesiveness, tolerability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Biomedical uses of chitosan cover a wide spectrum of applications as dietary fiber, immunoadjuvant and regulator of the intestinal microbiota or delivery agent. Chemical modification of chitosan is feasible because its reactive amino and hydroxyl groups can be modified by a diverse array of ligands, functional groups and molecules. This gives rise to numerous derivatives that allow different formulation types influencing their activity. Considering the multiple events resulting from the interaction with mucosal tissues, chitosan is a singular candidate for strategies targeting immune stimulation (i.e., tolerance induction, vaccination). Its role as a prebiotic and probiotic carrier represents an effective option to manage intestinal dysbiosis. In the intestinal scenario where the exposure of the immune system to a wide variety of antigens is permanent, chitosan increases IgA levels and favors a tolerogenic environment, thus becoming a key ally for host homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moine
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Canali
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - C Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Arturo Jauretche 1555, CP: 5900 Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S G Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina.
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35
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Li J, Yu S, Pan X, Zhang M, Lv Z, Pan LL, Sun J. Recombinant CRAMP-producing Lactococcus lactis attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by colonic colonization and inhibiting p38/NF-κB signaling. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5570. [PMID: 34650393 PMCID: PMC8494263 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are generally characterized by persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea caused by chronic inflammation in the intestine. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides with pleiotropic roles in anti-infection, wound healing, and immune modulation. However, the sensitivity to the acidic environment and short half-life of cathelicidins limit their application in IBD treatment. Recombinant cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP)-producing Lactococcus lactis may represent a potential approach for IBD therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to develop recombinant CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 and explore the role and mechanism of recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 expressing CRAMP in colitis. Design We constructed two strains of CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 with different plasmids pMG36e (L.L-pMU45CR) or pNZ8148 (L.L-pNU45CR), which use a Usp45 secretion signal to drive the secretion of CRAMP. Bacterial suspensions were orally supplemented to mice with a syringe for 4 days after dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. Body weight change, disease active score, colon length, and colonic histology were determined. The expression of tight junction (ZO-1, ZO-2, and Occludin) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) in colon was performed by qPCR. The expression of p-ERK, p-p38, and p-p65 was determined by Western blot analysis. Results Both CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 strains protected against colitis, as shown by reduced weight loss and disease activity score, improved colon shortening, and histopathological injury. In addition, CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 restored gut barrier by upregulating ZO-1, ZO-2, and occludin. Moreover, CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 regulated the colonic cytokines profile with reduced IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production, and increased IL-10 production. By further analysis, we found that CRAMP-producing L. lactis NZ9000 reduced the expression of p-p38 and p-p65. Conclusions Together, our data suggested that CRAMP-secreting L. lactis NZ9000 attenuated dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by colonic colonization and inhibiting p38/NF-κB signaling. Orally administered recombinant CRAMP-secreting L. lactis NZ9000 represents a potential strategy for colitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwu Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Li J, Pan X, Ren Z, Li B, Liu H, Wu C, Dong X, de Vos P, Pan LL, Sun J. Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) promotes dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting the SOCS3 promoter via histone H3R8 asymmetric dimethylation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:141-158. [PMID: 34599829 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is emerging evidence for a critical role for epigenetic modifiers in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) is responsible for the methylation of arginine residues on histones and targets transcription factors involved in many cellular processes, including gene transcription, mRNA splicing, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. In this study, the role and underlying mechanisms of PRMT2 in colitis were studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis model was used to study PRMT2 in colitis. Lentivirus-induced PRMT2 silencing or overexpression in vivo was applied to address the role of PRMT2 in colitis. Detailed western blot and expression analysis were done to understand epigenetic changes induced by PRMT2 in colitis. KEY RESULTS PRMT2 is highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease patients, in inflamed murine colon and in TNF-α stimulated murine gut epithelial cells. PRMT2 overexpression aggravates, while knockdown alleviates DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that PRMT2 is a pivotal mediator of colitis in mice. Mechanistically, PRMT2 mediates colitis by increasing repressive histone mark H3R8 asymmetric methylation (H3R8me2a) at the promoter region of the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 promoter (SOCS3). Resultant inhibition of SOCS3 expression and inhibition of SOCS3-mediated degradation of TNF receptor associated factor 5 (TRAF5) via ubiquitination led to elevated TRAF5 expression and TRAF5-mediated downstream NF-κB/MAPK activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study demonstrates that PRMT2 acts as a transcriptional co-activator for proinflammatory genes during colitis. Hence, targeting PRMT2 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Liu P, Gao C, Chen H, Vong CT, Wu X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Opportunities and emerging strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2798-2818. [PMID: 34589398 PMCID: PMC8463263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease with painful clinical manifestations and high risks of cancerization. With no curative therapy for IBD at present, the development of effective therapeutics is highly advocated. Drug delivery systems have been extensively studied to transmit therapeutics to inflamed colon sites through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect caused by the inflammation. However, the drug still could not achieve effective concentration value that merely utilized on EPR effect and display better therapeutic efficacy in the inflamed region because of nontargeted drug release. Substantial researches have shown that some specific receptors and cell adhesion molecules highly expresses on the surface of colonic endothelial and/or immune cells when IBD occurs, ligand-modified drug delivery systems targeting such receptors and cell adhesion molecules can specifically deliver drug into inflamed sites and obtain great curative effects. This review introduces the overexpressed receptors and cell adhesion molecules in inflamed colon sites and retrospects the drug delivery systems functionalized by related ligands. Finally, challenges and future directions in this field are presented to advance the development of the receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery systems for the therapy of IBD.
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Key Words
- ACQ, aggregation-caused quenching
- ADR, adverse drug reaction
- AIE, aggregation-induced emission
- Active target
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAM, cell adhesion molecule
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CRD, cysteine-rich domain
- CS, chondroitin sulfate
- CT, computed tomography
- CTLD, c-type lectin-like domain
- Cell adhesion molecule
- Crohn's disease
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium salt
- Drug delivery
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FNII, fibronectin type II domain
- FR, folate receptor
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- LMWC, low molecular weight chitosan
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAP4K4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4
- MGL, macrophage galactose lectin
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- MR, mannose receptor
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PAMAM, poly(amidoamine)
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
- PepT1, peptide transporter 1
- QDs, quantum dots
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- Receptor-mediated target
- Targeted therapy
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
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Role of MicroRNA in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Evidence and the Development of Preclinical Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092204. [PMID: 34571853 PMCID: PMC8468560 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is implicated in cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, drug resistance, and aging. While most researchers study miRNA's role as a biomarker, for example, to distinguish between various sub-forms or stages of a given disease of interest, research is also ongoing to utilize these small nucleic acids as therapeutics. An example of a common pleiotropic disease that could benefit from miRNA-based therapeutics is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines. Due to complex interactions between multiple factors in the etiology of IBD, development of therapies that effectively maintain remission for this disease is a significant challenge. In this review, we discuss the role of dysregulated miRNA expression in the context of clinical ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)-the two main forms of IBD-and the various preclinical mouse models of IBD utilized to validate the therapeutic potential of targeting these miRNA. Additionally, we highlight advances in the development of genetically engineered animal models that recapitulate clinical miRNA expression and provide powerful preclinical models to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic promise of miRNA in IBD.
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Lin X, Fang Y, Jin X, Zhang M, Shi K. Modulating Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles as a Potential Strategy for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5871-5896. [PMID: 35006894 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are always some components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), that help tumor cells escape the body's immune surveillance. Therefore, this situation can lead to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, resulting in low response rates for cancer therapy. Macrophages play an important role with strong plasticity and functional diversity. Facing different microenvironmental stimulations, macrophages undergo a dynamic change in phenotype and function into two major macrophage subpopulations, namely classical activation/inflammation (M1) and alternative activation/regeneration (M2) type. Through various signaling pathways, macrophages polarize into complex groups, which can perform different immune functions. In this review, we emphasize the use of nanopreparations for macrophage related immunotherapy based on the pathological knowledge of TAMs phenotype. These macrophages targeted nanoparticles re-edit and re-educate macrophages by attenuating M2 macrophages and reducing aggregation to the TME, thereby relieving or alleviating immunosuppression. Among them, we describe in detail the cellular mechanisms and regulators of several major signaling pathways involved in the plasticity and polarization functions of macrophages. The advantages and challenges of those nanotherapeutics for these pathways have been elucidated, providing the basis and insights for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of various diseases centered on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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40
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Tang YH, Liu HC, Song G, Wu TT, Zhao Y, Shi LJ. A case-control study on the association of intestinal flora with ulcerative colitis. AMB Express 2021; 11:106. [PMID: 34264407 PMCID: PMC8282830 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis (UC) was studied in order to provide a basis and method for clinical treatment. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 30 active UC patients and 10 healthy controls. The intestinal flora DNA from each sample was extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out using HiSeq platform to identify the intestinal flora in fecal samples. The richness and diversity of intestinal flora in UC patients were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the intestinal flora-species of UC patients and healthy controls. Synergistetes (P < 0.01) and Firmicutes (P < 0.05), along with probiotics Veillonella (P < 0.01), Ruminococcus and Coprococcus (P < 0.05) in the UC patients were lower than that in the healthy controls significantly. Furthermore, compared with the control group, Tenericutes (P < 0.01) and intestinal pathogenic bacteria, including Bacteroides (P < 0.01), Escherichia and Sutterella (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. The incidence of UC is significantly associated with the changes in intestinal flora. Changes in intestinal flora may lead to a decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora or to the enrichment of a particular intestinal flora.
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Zhou J, Liu J, Gao Y, Shen L, Li S, Chen S. miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707776. [PMID: 34305614 PMCID: PMC8298863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is difficult to cure. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a complex interaction among immunity, heredity, environment and intestinal microflora disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA of 17–25 nucleotides (nts). They target the 3'Untranslated Region of a target gene and inhibit or degrade the target gene according to the extent of complementary bases. As important gene expression regulators, miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of most human genes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including UC. Studies in recent years have illustrated that abnormal expression of miRNA occurs very early in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer, and involves virtually all key UC-related mechanisms, such as immunity and intestinal microbiota dysregulation. Recently, it was discovered that miRNA is highly stable outside the cell in the form of microvesicles, exosomes or apoptotic vesicles, which raises the possibility that miRNA may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for UC. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathway and the function of miRNA, and summarize the usefulness of miRNA for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of UC. Then, we described four types of miRNAs involved in regulating the mechanisms of UC occurrence and development: 1) miRNAs are involved in regulating immune cells; 2) affect the intestinal epithelial cells barrier; 3) regulate the homeostasis between gut microbiota and the host; and 4) participate in the formation of tumor in UC. Altogether, we aim to emphasize the close relationship between miRNA and UC as well as to propose that the field has value for developing potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Shen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center for Health Policy & Drug Affairs Operation Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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42
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Cai X, Wang X, He M, Wang Y, Lan M, Zhao Y, Gao F. Colon-targeted delivery of tacrolimus using pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for murine colitis therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120836. [PMID: 34217824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at constructing an oral nanoparticle delivery system loaded with tacrolimus (FK506) for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. A FK506/HP-β-CD inclusion compound was prepared by grinding to increase drug solubility. To address the side- effects in non-target organs and systemic toxicity of FK506, pH-responsive Eudragit S100 (ES100) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with high affinity to CD44 receptor were adsorbed onto the surface of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles loaded with FK506/HP-β-CD through electrostatic interactions to obtain FK506@ES100/HA/CS/HP-β-CD nanoparticles (FK506@EHCh NPs). Caco-2 cells and Raw 264.7 macrophages were used to confirm the lack of cytotoxicity and good uptake ability of the newly generated nanoparticles. FK506@EHCh NPs significantly suppressed secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages. A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) murine model was established to further confirm the colon targeting and in vivo efficacy of oral IR-775@EHCh NPs. Based on the collective results, we conclude that packaging FK506 into active targeting nanocarriers sensitive to pH facilitates concentration of the drug within the sites of intestinal inflammation and improves the drug levels in target tissues, thus avoiding systemic side-effects and improving efficacy. In view of the promising results obtained in this study, the potential of EHCh nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeted treatment of inflammatory bowel disease warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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43
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Chen X, Zhang H, Yang X, Zhang W, Jiang M, Wen T, Wang J, Guo R, Liu H. Preparation and Application of Quaternized Chitosan- and AgNPs-Base Synergistic Antibacterial Hydrogel for Burn Wound Healing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134037. [PMID: 34279375 PMCID: PMC8271850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is the major reason that people die from burns; however, traditional medical dressings such as gauze cannot restrain bacterial growth and enhance the healing process. Herein, an organic- and inorganic-base hydrogel with antibacterial activities was designed and prepared to treat burn wounds. Oxidized dextran (ODex) and adipic dihydrazide grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-ADH) were prepared, mixed with quaternized chitosan (HACC) and silver nanoparticles to fabricate Ag@ODex/HA-ADH/HACC hydrogel. The hydrogel, composed of nature biomaterials, has a good cytocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the hydrogel has an excellent antibacterial ability and presents fast healing for burn wounds compared with commercial Ag dressings. The Ag@ODex/HA-ADH/HACC hydrogel will be a promising wound dressing to repair burn wounds and will significantly decrease the possibility of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushan Chen
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Wuhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Ting Wen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (T.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (T.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanjiao Liu
- Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518133, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (H.L.)
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Ahamad N, Kar A, Mehta S, Dewani M, Ravichandran V, Bhardwaj P, Sharma S, Banerjee R. Immunomodulatory nanosystems for treating inflammatory diseases. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120875. [PMID: 34010755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disease (ID) is an umbrella term encompassing all illnesses involving chronic inflammation as the central manifestation of pathogenesis. These include, inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatitis, pulmonary disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, arthritis, periodontitis, psoriasis. The IDs create a severe burden on healthcare and significantly impact the global socio-economic balance. Unfortunately, the standard therapies that rely on a combination of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents are palliative and provide only short-term relief. In contrast, the emerging concept of immunomodulatory nanosystems (IMNs) has the potential to address the underlying causes and prevent reoccurrence, thereby, creating new opportunities for treating IDs. The IMNs offer exquisite ability to precisely modulate the immune system for a therapeutic advantage. The nano-sized dimension of IMNs allows them to efficiently infiltrate lymphatic drainage, interact with immune cells, and subsequently to undergo rapid endocytosis by hyperactive immune cells (HICs) at inflamed sites. Thus, IMNs serve to restore dysfunctional or HICs and alleviate the inflammation. We identified that different IMNs exert their immunomodulatory action via either of the seven mechanisms to modulate; cytokine production, cytokine neutralization, cellular infiltration, macrophage polarization, HICs growth inhibition, stimulating T-reg mediated tolerance and modulating oxidative-stress. In this article, we discussed representative examples of IMNs by highlighting their rationalization, design principle, and mechanism of action in context of treating various IDs. Lastly, we highlighted technical challenges in the application of IMNs and explored the future direction of research, which could potentially help to overcome those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Ahamad
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Abhinanda Kar
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sourabh Mehta
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; IITB-Monash Research Academy IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mahima Dewani
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Vasanthan Ravichandran
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Prateek Bhardwaj
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Deng F, Yan J, Lu J, Luo M, Xia P, Liu S, Wang X, Zhi F, Liu D. M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miR-590-3p Attenuates DSS-Induced Mucosal Damage and Promotes Epithelial Repair via the LATS1/YAP/ β-Catenin Signalling Axis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:665-677. [PMID: 33075119 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS M2 phenotype macrophages are involved in the resolution of inflammation and intestinal repair. Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication in the mucosal microenvironment. METHODS M2 macrophages were transfected with or without miR-590-3p. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were isolated and identified. Proliferation and wound healing were tested in vitro and compared between groups. The mechanism involving LATS1, and activation of YAP and β-catenin signalling was investigated by using plasmid transfection, western blotting, immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays. The effect of exosomes in vivo was detected in dextran saline sulphate [DSS]-induced murine colitis. RESULTS First, we demonstrated that M2 macrophages promoted colonic epithelial cell proliferation in an exosome-dependent manner. Epithelial YAP mediated the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes [M2-exos] in epithelial proliferation. Moreover, miR-590-3p, which was significantly enriched in M2-exos, could be transferred from macrophages into epithelial cells, resulting in the enhanced proliferation and wound healing of epithelial cells. Mechanistically, miR-590-3p suppressed the expression of LATS1 by binding to its coding sequence and subsequently activated the YAP/β-catenin-modulated transcription process to improve epithelial cell wound-healing ability. miR-590-3p also inhibited the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and IL-6. More importantly, repression of miR-590-3p in M2-exos resulted in more severe mucosal damage and impaired colon repair of mice compared with those in M2-exo-treated mice after DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSION M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-590-3p reduces inflammatory signals and promotes epithelial regeneration by targeting LATS1 and subsequently activating YAP/β-catenin-regulated transcription, which could offer a new opportunity for clinical therapy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pianpian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology; Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology; Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Talamini L, Matsuura E, De Cola L, Muller S. Immunologically Inert Nanostructures as Selective Therapeutic Tools in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030707. [PMID: 33806746 PMCID: PMC8004653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current therapies based on immunosuppressant or new biologic drugs often show some limitations in term of efficacy and applicability, mainly because of their inadequate targeting and of unwanted adverse reactions they generate. To overcome these inherent problems, in the last decades, innovative nanocarriers have been developed to encapsulate active molecules and offer novel promising strategies to efficiently modulate the immune system. This review provides an overview of how it is possible, exploiting the favorable features of nanocarriers, especially with regard to their immunogenicity, to improve the bioavailability of novel drugs that selectively target immune cells in the context of autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases. A focus is made on nanoparticles that selectively target neutrophils in inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Talamini
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Science et D'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Collaborative Research Center, Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Institut de Science et D'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Du Y, Rong L, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhang N, Wang B. Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:191-209. [PMID: 33682588 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1901079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease with immune abnormalities that can affect the entire digestive tract. A high percentage of patients with IBD are unresponsive to current pharmacological agents, hence the need exists for novel therapeutic approaches. There is compelling evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the remission of IBD patients and that it could open up future treatment options for patients.Areas covered: This paper highlights the crucial role of macrophage polarization in IBD. The authors shed light on the phenotype and function of macrophages and potential drug targets for polarization regulation. Existing approaches for regulating macrophage polarization are discussed and potential solutions for safety concerns are considered. We performed a literature search on the IBD and macrophage polarization mainly published in PubMed January 2010-July 2020.Expert opinion: Evidence indicates that there are fewer M2 macrophages and a high proportion of M1 macrophages in the intestinal tissues of individuals who are non- responsive to treatment. Regulating macrophage polarization is a potential novel targeted option for IBD treatment. Improved mechanistic insights are required to uncover more precise and effective targets for skewing macrophages into a proper phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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48
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Raue R, Frank AC, Syed SN, Brüne B. Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042210. [PMID: 33672261 PMCID: PMC7926641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-microenvironment (TME) is an amalgamation of various factors derived from malignant cells and infiltrating host cells, including cells of the immune system. One of the important factors of the TME is microRNAs (miRs) that regulate target gene expression at a post transcriptional level. MiRs have been found to be dysregulated in tumor as well as in stromal cells and they emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis. In fact, miRs regulate almost all hallmarks of cancer, thus making them attractive tools and targets for novel anti-tumoral treatment strategies. Tumor to stroma cell cross-propagation of miRs to regulate protumoral functions has been a salient feature of the TME. MiRs can either act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs) and both miR mimics as well as miR inhibitors (antimiRs) have been used in preclinical trials to alter cancer and stromal cell phenotypes. Owing to their cascading ability to regulate upstream target genes and their chemical nature, which allows specific pharmacological targeting, miRs are attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we cover a recent update on our understanding of dysregulated miRs in the TME and provide an overview of how these miRs are involved in current cancer-therapeutic approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
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Lu J, Liu D, Tan Y, Deng F, Li R. M1 Macrophage exosomes MiR-21a-5p aggravates inflammatory bowel disease through decreasing E-cadherin and subsequent ILC2 activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3041-3050. [PMID: 33569850 PMCID: PMC7957199 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immune regulation is a key feature of the complex pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis (UC). In particular, macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important components of natural immunity that have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of UC, as well as decreased E-cadherin expression on the colonic mucosa. However, it remains unclear how these components interact with each other. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of UC mediated by macrophage-derived exosomes. We showed for the first time that miR-21a-5p expression is increased in the peritoneal exosomes of mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced enteritis and that miR-21a-5p expression correlates negatively with E-cadherin expression in enterocytes. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-21a-5p was mainly derived from M1 macrophages and demonstrated that KLRG1, a surface inhibitory receptor on ILC2s, participated in excessive ILC2 activation in UC by promoting GATA-3. In conclusion, our results suggest molecular targets and provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of UC and improving its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Digestive Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Digestive Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Digestive Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Digestive Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Digestive Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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Lin S, Liu Q, Wen J, Bai K, Guo Y, Wang J. Mir-124 Attenuates STAT3-Mediated TH17 Differentiation in Colitis-Driven Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570128. [PMID: 33392070 PMCID: PMC7773897 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation often induces regeneration to repair the tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can transform temporary hyperplasia into a fertile ground for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the miR-124 acts as a safeguard to inhibit the pro-inflammatory production and reparative regeneration. Methods The expression levels of miR-124 and IL-17, IFN-γ were detected by qRT-PCR. TH17 or TH1 cells were detected by flow cytometer, respectively. The binding of STAT3 to the promoter region of IL-17 gene was analyzed by Chip assay. miR-124 binding to the 3′UTR of STAT3 gene was detected by reported plasmid construction and luciferase assay. Furthermore, DSS-induced colitis mice model and T cell transfer model were used to confirm the function of miR-124 in vivo. The related gene expression was analyzed by ELISA and western blot experiments. Results The results indicated that miR-124 decrease promotes colon tumorigenesis after Citrobacter rodentium infection and AOM/DSS induced colon cancer murine model. In molecular mechanism, miR-124 targets STAT3 to inhibit TH17 cell polarization and keep TH17 polarization in colonic microenvironment. Conclusions Our study strengthened the important role of miR-124 in the regulation of adaptive immune responses and blocking the development of colitis-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Lin
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunhao Bai
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yandong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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