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Sastre-Garau X, Estrada-Virrueta L, Radvanyi F. HPV DNA Integration at Actionable Cancer-Related Genes Loci in HPV-Associated Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1584. [PMID: 38672666 PMCID: PMC11048798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In HPV-associated carcinomas, some examples of cancer-related genes altered by viral insertion and corresponding to potential therapeutic targets have been described, but no quantitative assessment of these events, including poorly recurrent targets, has been reported to date. To document these occurrences, we built and analyzed a database comprised of 1455 cases, including HPV genotypes and tumor localizations. Host DNA sequences targeted by viral integration were classified as "non-recurrent" (one single reported case; 838 loci), "weakly recurrent" (two reported cases; 82 loci), and highly recurrent (≥3 cases; 43 loci). Whereas the overall rate of cancer-related target genes was 3.3% in the Gencode database, this rate increased to 6.5% in "non-recurrent", 11.4% in "weakly recurrent", and 40.1% in "highly recurrent" genes targeted by integration (p = 4.9 × 10-4). This rate was also significantly higher in tumors associated with high-risk HPV16/18/45 than other genotypes. Among the genes targeted by HPV insertion, 30.2% corresponded to direct or indirect druggable targets, a rate rising to 50% in "highly recurrent" targets. Using data from the literature and the DepMap 23Q4 release database, we found that genes targeted by viral insertion could be new candidates potentially involved in HPV-associated oncogenesis. A more systematic characterization of HPV/host fusion DNA sequences in HPV-associated cancers should provide a better knowledge of HPV-driven carcinogenesis and favor the development of personalize patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40, Avenue de Verdun, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lilia Estrada-Virrueta
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France; (L.E.-V.); (F.R.)
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France; (L.E.-V.); (F.R.)
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2
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Rodriguez I, Rossi NM, Keskus AG, Xie Y, Ahmad T, Bryant A, Lou H, Paredes JG, Milano R, Rao N, Tulsyan S, Boland JF, Luo W, Liu J, O'Hanlon T, Bess J, Mukhina V, Gaykalova D, Yuki Y, Malik L, Billingsley KJ, Blauwendraat C, Carrington M, Yeager M, Mirabello L, Kolmogorov M, Dean M. Insights into the mechanisms and structure of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in cervical cancer using long-read sequencing. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:544-561. [PMID: 38307027 PMCID: PMC10940022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, has few approved targeted therapeutics, and is the most common cause of cancer death in low-resource countries. We characterized 19 cervical and four head and neck cancer cell lines using long-read DNA and RNA sequencing and identified the HPV types, HPV integration sites, chromosomal alterations, and cancer driver mutations. Structural variation analysis revealed telomeric deletions associated with DNA inversions resulting from breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles. BFB is a common mechanism of chromosomal alterations in cancer, and our study applies long-read sequencing to this important chromosomal rearrangement type. Analysis of the inversion sites revealed staggered ends consistent with exonuclease digestion of the DNA after breakage. Some BFB events are complex, involving inter- or intra-chromosomal insertions or rearrangements. None of the BFB breakpoints had telomere sequences added to resolve the dicentric chromosomes, and only one BFB breakpoint showed chromothripsis. Five cell lines have a chromosomal region 11q BFB event, with YAP1-BIRC3-BIRC2 amplification. Indeed, YAP1 amplification is associated with a 10-year-earlier age of diagnosis of cervical cancer and is three times more common in African American women. This suggests that individuals with cervical cancer and YAP1-BIRC3-BIRC2 amplification, especially those of African ancestry, might benefit from targeted therapy. In summary, we uncovered valuable insights into the mechanisms and consequences of BFB cycles in cervical cancer using long-read sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Rossi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ayse G Keskus
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Asher Bryant
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hong Lou
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jesica Godinez Paredes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rose Milano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nina Rao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tim O'Hanlon
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jazmyn Bess
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vera Mukhina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuko Yuki
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mikhail Kolmogorov
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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3
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An X, Wu W, Yang L, Dong J, Liu B, Guo J, Chen J, Guo B, Cao W, Jiang Q. ZBTB7C m6A modification incurred by METTL3 aberration promotes osteosarcoma progression. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00072-5. [PMID: 37121538 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNAs contributes significantly to the epigenetic tumorigenesis, however, its precise role and the key targets in osteosarcoma (OS) are not defined. Here we reported that selective METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3) elevation and the consequential increase of m6A modification causally affect OS progression. The fast-growing OS cells displayed preferential upregulation of METTL3 and increased m6A modification. Conversely, m6A inhibition by 3-deazaadenosine, siRNA-mediated METTL3 knockdown or a METTL3-selective inhibitor by STM2457 effectively inhibits OS cell growth and induced OS cell apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that an oncogenic protein ZBTB7C was likely a critical m6A target that mediated the oncogenic effects. ZBTB7C mRNA contains a typical m6A motif of high confidence and its mRNA and protein were enriched with increased m6A modification in OS samples/cells. In an OS xenograft model, STM2457 or siRNA-mediated METTL3 knockdown effectively lowed ZBTB7C abundance. More importantly, the anti-OS effects of STM2457 were significantly reduced when ZBTB7C was overexpressed by lentivirus. Together, our results demonstrate that the METTL3 aberration and the resultant ZBTB7C m6A modification form an important epigenetic regulatory loop that promotes OS progression, and targeting the METTL3/ZBTB7C axis may provide novel insights into the potential strategies for OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying An
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China..
| | - Baosheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China..
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine. Nanjing, China.; Department of Central Laboratory, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China..
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China..
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4
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Choi WI, Yoon JH, Choi SH, Jeon BN, Kim H, Hur MW. Proto-oncoprotein Zbtb7c and SIRT1 repression: implications in high-fat diet-induced and age-dependent obesity. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:917-932. [PMID: 34017061 PMCID: PMC8178412 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zbtb7c is a proto-oncoprotein that controls the cell cycle and glucose, glutamate, and lipid metabolism. Zbtb7c expression is increased in the liver and white adipose tissues of aging or high-fat diet-fed mice. Knockout or knockdown of Zbtb7c gene expression inhibits the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and decreases adipose tissue mass in aging mice. We found that Zbtb7c was a potent transcriptional repressor of SIRT1 and that SIRT1 was derepressed in various tissues of Zbtb7c-KO mice. Mechanistically, Zbtb7c interacted with p53 and bound to the proximal promoter p53RE1 and p53RE2 to repress the SIRT1 gene, in which p53RE2 was particularly critical. Zbtb7c induced p53 to interact with the corepressor mSin3A-HADC1 complex at p53RE. By repressing the SIRT1 gene, Zbtb7c increased the acetylation of Pgc-1α and Pparγ, which resulted in repression or activation of Pgc-1α or Pparγ target genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our study provides a molecular target that can overexpress SIRT1 protein in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues, which can be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, longevity, etc. Targeting a regulatory DNA sequence linked to the repression of a critical enzyme during metabolic diseases could prove valuable for future therapies. The SIRT1 enzyme is involved in metabolic processes and stress resistance, and its dysregulation is linked to obesity and diabetes development. SIRT1 expression also decreases with aging and stress, but the precise regulation mechanisms are unclear. In experiments on aging mice and mice fed a high-fat diet, Man-Wook Hur at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers demonstrated that SIRT1 expression is repressed by a protein called Zbtb7c, which is highly expressed in fat and liver tissues. Aging mice without the Zbtb7c-encoding gene had less fatty tissue than controls. Zbtb7c represses the SIRT1 gene by interacting with protein p53. A sequence critical to this repression mechanism may provide a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Choi
- Brain Korea FOUR Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, DaeJeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Brain Korea FOUR Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Choi
- Brain Korea FOUR Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bu-Nam Jeon
- Brain Korea FOUR Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, DaeJeon, 34141, Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea FOUR Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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5
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Chen X, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Jiang Z. The prognostic and immunological effects of ZBTB7C across cancers: friend or foe? Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12849-12864. [PMID: 33946045 PMCID: PMC8148469 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important transcription factor, zinc-finger and BTB domain-containing 7B (ZBTB7C) plays an important role in a variety of tumors. However, its relationship with human immunity is unclear. This article aims to study its differential expression and survival across cancers and explore the relationships between its differential expression and the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. In this study, we used R software to process The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and explored the expression pattern and prognostic value of ZBTB7C across cancers. Next, we comprehensively explained the important role of ZBTB7C in several tumor types in terms of tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) and immune cell infiltration. In general, the expression level of ZBTB7C in tumor tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. Highly expressed ZBTB7C was beneficial to the survival of patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), lymphoid neoplasm diffuses large B cell lymphoma (DLBC), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and mesothelioma (MESO). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of ZBTB7C was an independent prognostic factor in COAD and MESO. In COAD, the expression of ZBTB7C was positively correlated with both TMB and MSI. In colorectal cancer (CRC), there was a significant positive correlation between ZBTB7C expression and immune cell infiltration, especially the infiltration of mast cells and B cells. In conclusion, ZBTB7C can be used as a potential therapeutic target across cancers and is related to immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenuo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxiang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Tian R, Zhou P, Li M, Tan J, Cui Z, Xu W, Wei J, Zhu J, Jin Z, Cao C, Fan W, Xie W, Huang Z, Xie H, You Z, Niu G, Wu C, Guo X, Weng X, Tian X, Yu F, Yu Z, Liang J, Hu Z. DeepHPV: a deep learning model to predict human papillomavirus integration sites. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5924410. [PMID: 33059369 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) integrating into human genome is the main cause of cervical carcinogenesis. HPV integration selection preference shows strong dependence on local genomic environment. Due to this theory, it is possible to predict HPV integration sites. However, a published bioinformatic tool is not available to date. Thus, we developed an attention-based deep learning model DeepHPV to predict HPV integration sites by learning environment features automatically. In total, 3608 known HPV integration sites were applied to train the model, and 584 reviewed HPV integration sites were used as the testing dataset. DeepHPV showed an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.6336 and an area under the precision recall (AUPR) of 0.5670. Adding RepeatMasker and TCGA Pan Cancer peaks improved the model performance to 0.8464 and 0.8501 in AUROC and 0.7985 and 0.8106 in AUPR, respectively. Next, we tested these trained models on independent database VISDB and found the model adding TCGA Pan Cancer performed better (AUROC: 0.7175, AUPR: 0.6284) than the model adding RepeatMasker peaks (AUROC: 0.6102, AUPR: 0.5577). Moreover, we introduced attention mechanism in DeepHPV and enriched the transcription factor binding sites including BHLHA15, CHR, COUP-TFII, DMRTA2, E2A, HIC1, INR, NPAS, Nr5a2, RARa, SCL, Snail1, Sox10, Sox3, Sox4, Sox6, STAT6, Tbet, Tbx5, TEAD, Tgif2, ZNF189, ZNF416 near attention intensive sites. Together, DeepHPV is a robust and explainable deep learning model, providing new insights into HPV integration preference and mechanism. Availability: DeepHPV is available as an open-source software and can be downloaded from https://github.com/JiuxingLiang/DeepHPV.git, Contact: huzheng1998@163.com, liangjiuxing@m.scnu.edu.cn, lizheyzy@163.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- Translational Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Ping Zhou
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zifeng Cui
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jingyue Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhuang Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chen Cao
- Central Hospital of Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwen Fan
- College of Medicine at the Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Weiling Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | | | - Zeshan You
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Canbiao Wu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation at the South China Normal University
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology of the Eastern Hospital at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation at the South China Normal University
| | | | - Fubing Yu
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center
| | - Jiuxing Liang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation at the South China Normal University
| | - Zheng Hu
- Gynecological Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Precision Medicine Institute, Sun Yat-sen University
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7
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Chen X, Jiang Z, Pu Y, Jiang X, Xiang L, Jiang Z. Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7C (ZBTB7C) expression as an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer and its relevant molecular mechanisms. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4141-4159. [PMID: 32913494 PMCID: PMC7476137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) predictions are based on an early diagnosis and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, but the outcomes of patients with the same cancer type are difficult to predict. Novel molecular tests for the early diagnosis and stratification of CRC patients must be devised. After our initial bioinformatics screen, we examined zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7C (ZBTB7C). To date, few studies have investigated ZBTB7C in CRC, necessitating further analyses of its expression and regulatory mechanism in CRC. ZBTB7C mRNA and protein expression was detected in CRC and corresponding non-CRC tissues. We evaluated the relationship between clinical prognosis and ZBTB7C protein levels using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to verify the diagnostic performance of ZBTB7C levels in CRC. Several bioinformatics techniques were applied to analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ZBTB7C. Low mRNA and protein levels of ZBTB7C were detected in tumor tissues from CRC patients. The survival curve predicted a poor prognosis for CRC patients exhibiting low ZBTB7C expression (P=0.001). According to the univariate Cox regression analysis, older age, a high TNM stage and low ZBTB7C expression were responsible for poor outcomes in CRC patients. The multivariate analysis further revealed ZBTB7C as an independent prognostic factor for CRC (P=0.015). The area under the curve of ZBTB7C expression for CRC diagnosis was 0.970 (95% confidence interval, 0.9447-0.9946; P < 0.0001). According to in silico analyses, genes coexpressed with ZBTB7C are associated mainly with the Ras and Wnt signaling pathways. Overall, ZBTB7C is downregulated in CRC and represents an early diagnostic marker and independent prognostic factor for CRC. ZBTB7C may be functionally mediated by different pathways or targeting miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenuo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | | | - Yihuan Pu
- Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Lichun Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
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8
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Jeannot E, Harlé A, Holmes A, Sastre-Garau X. Nuclear factor I X is a recurrent target for HPV16 insertions in anal carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:638-644. [PMID: 30264502 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal carcinomas (AC) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences, but little is known about the physical state of the viral genome in carcinoma cells. To define the integration status and gene(s) targeted by viral insertions in AC, tumor DNAs extracted from 35 tumor specimen samples in patients with HPV16-associated invasive carcinoma were analyzed using the detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences-PCR approach. The genomic status at integration sites was assessed using comparative genomic hybridization-array assay and gene expression using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). HPV16 DNA was found integrated in 25/35 (71%) cases and the integration locus could be determined at the molecular level in 19 cases (29 total integration loci). HPV DNA was inserted on different chromosomes, but 5 cases harbored viral sequences at 19p13.2, within the nuclear factor I X (NFIX) locus. Viral DNA mapped between the most distal and the two proximal alternatively expressed exons of this gene in three cases (CA21, CA04, and CA35) and upstream of this gene (663 kb and 2.3 Mb) in the others. CGH arrays showed genomic gains/amplifications at the NFIX region, associated with HPV within the gene and RT-qPCR, revealed NFIX mRNA overexpression. Other genes targeted by integration were IL20RB, RPS6KA2, MSRA1, PIP5K1B, SLX4IP, CECR1, BCAR3, ATF6, CSNK1G1, APBA2, AGK, ILF3, PVT1, TRMT1, RAD51B, FASN, CCDC57, DSG3, and ZNF563. We identified recurrent targeting of NFIX by HPV16 insertion in anal carcinomas, supporting a role for this gene in oncogenesis, as reported for non-HPV tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Jeannot
- Department of Theranostic and Diagnostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Allyson Holmes
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3244, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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9
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Mammas IN, Zafiropoulos A, Sifakis S, Sourvinos G, Spandidos DA. Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Typing in Relation to ras Oncogene mRNA Expression in HPV-Associated Human Squamous Cervical Neoplasia. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 20:257-63. [PMID: 16398408 DOI: 10.1177/172460080502000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the principal etiologic agent for cervical cancer and its precursors. Different HPV types have been associated with different oncogenic potential. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between specific HPV type infection and expression pattern of the ras family oncogenes in different grades of HPV-associated human cervical neoplasia. Methods HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 31 HPV-positive human cervical specimens from patients with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) or squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC). The mRNA expression levels of H-, K- and N-ras oncogenes were examined using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Among patients with SCC, H-, K- and N-ras expression levels were higher in HPV 16/18-associated cases compared to HPV 16/18-unassociated samples (p=0.003, p=0.004 and p=0.0001, respectively). The expression levels for H-, K-and N-ras were significantly higher in SCC patients with multiple HPV infection compared with SCC patients with single HPV infection (p=0.009, p=0.01 and p=0.021, respectively). Among patients with SIL, no statistically significant relationship was found between ras expression and HPV status. Conclusion Our findings indicate the possible role of ras signaling interaction with “high-risk” HPV 16/18 and multiple HPV infection in cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Mammas
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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10
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Zhao JW, Fang F, Guo Y, Zhu TL, Yu YY, Kong FF, Han LF, Chen DS, Li F. HPV16 integration probably contributes to cervical oncogenesis through interrupting tumor suppressor genes and inducing chromosome instability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:180. [PMID: 27884161 PMCID: PMC5123399 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The integration of human papilloma virus (HPV) into host genome is one of the critical steps that lead to the progression of precancerous lesion into cancer. However, the mechanisms and consequences of such integration events are poorly understood. This study aims to explore those questions by studying high risk HPV16 integration in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Specifically, HPV integration status of 13 HPV16-infected patients were investigated by ligation-mediated PCR (DIPS-PCR) followed by DNA sequencing. Results In total, 8 HPV16 integration sites were identified inside or around genes associated with cancer development. In particular, the well-studied tumor suppressor genes SCAI was found to be integrated by HPV16, which would likely disrupt its expression and therefore facilitate the migration of tumor. On top of that, we observed several cases of chromosome translocation events coincide with HPV integration, which suggests the existence of chromosome instability. Additionally, short overlapping sequences were observed between viral derived and host derived fragments in viral-cellular junctions, indicating that integration was mediated by micro homology-mediated DNA repair pathway. Conclusions Overall, our study suggests a model in which HPV16 might contribute to oncogenesis not only by disrupting tumor suppressor genes, but also by inducing chromosome instability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0454-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tai-Lin Zhu
- Abbey College Cambridge, Homerton Gardens, Cambridge, CB2 8EB, UK
| | - Yun-Yun Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fan-Fei Kong
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ling-Fei Han
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK. .,Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, Storey's Way, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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11
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Sastre-Garau X. Human papillomavirus (HPV) insertional mutation as a dynamic & specific tumour biomarker in HPV-associated carcinoma. Indian J Med Res 2015; 142:507-8. [PMID: 26658581 PMCID: PMC4743333 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.171266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Chef du Département de BioPathologie, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 PARIS Cedex 05, France
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12
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Bodelon C, Vinokurova S, Sampson JN, den Boon JA, Walker JL, Horswill MA, Korthauer K, Schiffman M, Sherman ME, Zuna RE, Mitchell J, Zhang X, Boland JF, Chaturvedi AK, Dunn ST, Newton MA, Ahlquist P, Wang SS, Wentzensen N. Chromosomal copy number alterations and HPV integration in cervical precancer and invasive cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 37:188-196. [PMID: 26660085 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Svetlana Vinokurova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis , NN Blokhin Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Johan A den Boon
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joan L Walker
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Mark A Horswill
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keegan Korthauer
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI,USA
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Rosemary E Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Jason Mitchell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Anil K Chaturvedi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - S Terence Dunn
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI,USA
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, and
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, CA,USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
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13
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Du R, Zhou J, Lorenzano S, Liu W, Charoenvimolphan N, Qian B, Xu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang X, Berndt A, Devan WJ, Valant VJ, Wang J, Furie KL, Rosand J, Rost N, Friedlander RM, Paigen B, Weiss ST. Integrative Mouse and Human Studies Implicate ANGPT1 and ZBTB7C as Susceptibility Genes to Ischemic Injury. Stroke 2015; 46:3514-22. [PMID: 26542693 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extent of ischemic injury in response to cerebral ischemia is known to be affected by native vasculature. However, the nonvascular and dynamic vascular responses and their genetic basis are not well understood. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study in 235 mice from 33 inbred strains using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Population structure and genetic relatedness were accounted for using the efficient mixed-model association method. Human orthologs to the genes associated with the significant and suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the mouse strain survey were examined in patients with M1 occlusions admitted with signs and symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS We identified 4 genome-wide significant and suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms to be associated with infarct volume in mice (rs3694965, P=2.17×10(-7); rs31924033, P=5.61×10(-6); rs32249495, P=2.08×10(-7); and rs3677406, P=9.56×10(-6)). rs32249495, which corresponds to angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), was also significant in the recessive model in humans, whereas rs1944577, which corresponds to ZBTB7C, was nominally significant in both the additive and dominant genetic models in humans. ZBTB7C was shown to be upregulated in endothelial cells using both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of ANGPT1 and ZBTB7C are associated with increased infarct size in both mice and humans. ZBTB7C may modulate the ischemic response via neuronal apoptosis and dynamic collateralization and, in addition to ANGPT1, may serve as potential novel targets for treatments of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Du
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.).
| | - Jing Zhou
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Wenming Liu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Nareerat Charoenvimolphan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Baogang Qian
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jun Xu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jian Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Xin Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Annerose Berndt
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - William J Devan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Valerie J Valant
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jinyi Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Karen L Furie
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Natalia Rost
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Beverly Paigen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Scott T Weiss
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
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14
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Zhang R, Shen C, Zhao L, Wang J, McCrae M, Chen X, Lu F. Dysregulation of host cellular genes targeted by human papillomavirus (HPV) integration contributes to HPV-related cervical carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1163-74. [PMID: 26417997 PMCID: PMC5057319 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) viral DNA into the human genome has been postulated as an important etiological event during cervical carcinogenesis. Several recent reports suggested a possible role for such integration‐targeted cellular genes (ITGs) in cervical carcinogenesis. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of HPV integration events was undertaken using data collected from 14 publications, with 499 integration loci on human chromosomes included. It revealed that HPV DNA preferred to integrate into intragenic regions and gene‐dense regions of human chromosomes. Intriguingly, the host cellular genes nearby the integration sites were found to be more transcriptionally active compared with control. Furthermore, analysis of the integration sites in the human genome revealed that there were several integration hotspots although all chromosomes were represented. The ITGs identified were found to be enriched in tumor‐related terms and pathways using gene ontology and KEGG analysis. In line with this, three of six ITGs tested were found aberrantly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. Among them, it was demonstrated for the first time that MPPED2 could induce HeLa cell and SiHa cell G1/S transition block and cell proliferation retardation. Moreover, “knocking out” the integrated HPV fragment in HeLa cell line decreased expression of MYC located ∼500 kb downstream of the integration site, which provided the first experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that integrated HPV fragment influence MYC expression via long distance chromatin interaction. Overall, the results of this comprehensive analysis implicated that dysregulation of ITGs caused by viral integration as possibly having an etiological involvement in cervical carcinogenesis. What's new? Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into the host genome is associated with increased severity of cervical precancer, suggesting that it is an influential event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, whether the genomic sites affected by HPV integration are relevant to cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, analysis of 499 loci showed preferred HPV integration into intragenic and gene‐rich chromosomal sites. Frequently, these sites were located near transcriptionally active regions. In addition, multiple HPV integration “hotspots” were identified, the majority of which contained cancer‐related genes, such as MYC and the potentially novel tumor suppressor MPPED2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congle Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Scheel A, Lin GC, McHugh JB, Komarck CM, Walline HM, Prince ME, Zacharek MA, Carey TE. Human papillomavirus infection and biomarkers in sinonasal inverted papillomas: clinical significance and molecular mechanisms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:701-7. [PMID: 26077310 PMCID: PMC4526407 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) is controversial. Determining the prevalence of HPV infection and its impact on the molecular biology of these tumors is critical to characterizing its role in the pathogenesis of IPs. METHODS A total of 112 paraffin-embedded IPs from 90 patients were studied. A tissue microarray was constructed and stained for p16, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cyclin D1. HPV presence and types were determined using PGMY 09/11 primers and integration using HPV 11 detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (DIPS-PCR). RESULTS HPV was detected in 11 of 90 (12%) patients. HPV 11 was found in 9 samples. HPV 6 and HPV 27 were found in 1 sample each. EGFR staining proportion was higher in HPV-positive IPs vs HPV-negative specimens (56.2% vs 23.6%; p = 0.009). Differences in p16, p53, and cyclin D1 staining were not significant. HPV-positive lesions tend to progress to malignancy (p = 0.064). Three samples were analyzed for integration. Viral integration was found in both malignant tumors but not in the precursor IP. CONCLUSION Degradation of p53 and p16/cyclin D1 dysregulation are not important mechanisms in low-risk HPV-related IP. The low prevalence of HPV in this series indicates it is not a main etiological factor for IPs; however, when present, low-risk HPV may contribute to the biology of IPs through an increase of EGFR expression and a predisposition for malignant progression by integration into the cellular genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Scheel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Giant C. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan B. McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christine M. Komarck
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heather M. Walline
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark E. Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark A. Zacharek
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas E. Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI
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16
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Christiansen IK, Sandve GK, Schmitz M, Dürst M, Hovig E. Transcriptionally active regions are the preferred targets for chromosomal HPV integration in cervical carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119566. [PMID: 25793388 PMCID: PMC4368827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) into the host genome is regarded as a determining event in cervical carcinogenesis. However, the exact mechanism for integration, and the role of integration in stimulating cancer progression, is not fully characterized. Although integration sites are reported to appear randomly distributed over all chromosomes, fragile sites, translocation break points and transcriptionally active regions have all been suggested as being preferred sites for integration. In addition, more recent studies have reported integration events occurring within or surrounding essential cancer-related genes, raising the question whether these may reflect key events in the molecular genesis of HPV induced carcinomas. In a search for possible common denominators of the integration sites, we utilized the chromosomal coordinates of 121 viral-cellular fusion transcripts, and examined for statistical overrepresentation of integration sites with various features of ENCODE chromatin information data, using the Genomic HyperBrowser. We find that integration sites coincide with DNA that is transcriptionally active in mucosal epithelium, as judged by the relationship of integration sites to DNase hypersensitivity and H3K4me3 methylation data. Finding an association between integration and transcription is highly informative with regard to the spatio-temporal characteristics of the integration process. These results suggest that integration is an early event in carcinogenesis, more than a late product of chromosomal instability. If the viral integrations were more likely to occur in destabilized regions of the DNA, a completely random distribution of the integration sites would be expected. As a by-product of integration in actively transcribing DNA, a tendency of integration in or close to genes is likely to be observed. This increases the possibility of viral signals to modulate the expression of these genes, potentially contributing to the progression towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kraus Christiansen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Martina Schmitz
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Groves IJ, Coleman N. Pathogenesis of human papillomavirus-associated mucosal disease. J Pathol 2015; 235:527-38. [PMID: 25604863 DOI: 10.1002/path.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a necessary cause of carcinoma of the cervix and other mucosal epithelia. Key events in high-risk HPV (HRHPV)-associated neoplastic progression include persistent infection, deregulated expression of virus early genes in basal epithelial cells and genomic instability causing secondary host genomic imbalances. There are multiple mechanisms by which deregulated virus early gene expression may be achieved. Integration of virus DNA into host chromosomes is observed in the majority of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), although in ∼15% of cases the virus remains extrachromosomal (episomal). Interestingly, not all integration events provide a growth advantage to basal cervical epithelial cells or lead to increased levels of the virus oncogenes E6 and E7, when compared with episome-containing basal cells. The factors that provide a competitive advantage to some integrants, but not others, are complex and include virus and host contributions. Gene expression from integrated and episomal HRHPV is regulated through host epigenetic mechanisms affecting the virus long control region (LCR), which appear to be of functional importance. New approaches to treating HRHPV-associated mucosal neoplasia include knockout of integrated HRHPV DNA, depletion of virus transcripts and inhibition of virus early gene transcription through targeting or use of epigenetic modifiers. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Groves
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, UK
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18
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Lu X, Lin Q, Lin M, Duan P, Ye L, Chen J, Chen X, Zhang L, Xue X. Multiple-integrations of HPV16 genome and altered transcription of viral oncogenes and cellular genes are associated with the development of cervical cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97588. [PMID: 24992025 PMCID: PMC4081011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive expression of the high-risk HPV E6 and E7 viral oncogenes is the major cause of cervical cancer. To comprehensively explore the composition of HPV16 early transcripts and their genomic annotation, cervical squamous epithelial tissues from 40 HPV16-infected patients were collected for analysis of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts (APOT). We observed different transcription patterns of HPV16 oncogenes in progression of cervical lesions to cervical cancer and identified one novel transcript. Multiple-integration events in the tissues of cervical carcinoma (CxCa) are significantly more often than those of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Moreover, most cellular genes within or near these integration sites are cancer-associated genes. Taken together, this study suggests that the multiple-integrations of HPV genome during persistent viral infection, which thereby alters the expression patterns of viral oncogenes and integration-related cellular genes, play a crucial role in progression of cervical lesions to cervix cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulian Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoai Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Fuda Cancer Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lulu Ye
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangmin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Akagi K, Li J, Broutian TR, Padilla-Nash H, Xiao W, Jiang B, Rocco JW, Teknos TN, Kumar B, Wangsa D, He D, Ried T, Symer DE, Gillison ML. Genome-wide analysis of HPV integration in human cancers reveals recurrent, focal genomic instability. Genome Res 2013; 24:185-99. [PMID: 24201445 PMCID: PMC3912410 DOI: 10.1101/gr.164806.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of human cancers, including the 5% caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Here we report a striking association between HPV integration and adjacent host genomic structural variation in human cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Whole-genome sequencing revealed HPV integrants flanking and bridging extensive host genomic amplifications and rearrangements, including deletions, inversions, and chromosomal translocations. We present a model of “looping” by which HPV integrant-mediated DNA replication and recombination may result in viral–host DNA concatemers, frequently disrupting genes involved in oncogenesis and amplifying HPV oncogenes E6 and E7. Our high-resolution results shed new light on a catastrophic process, distinct from chromothripsis and other mutational processes, by which HPV directly promotes genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Akagi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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20
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Xu B, Chotewutmontri S, Wolf S, Klos U, Schmitz M, Dürst M, Schwarz E. Multiplex Identification of Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA Integration Sites in Cervical Carcinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66693. [PMID: 23824673 PMCID: PMC3688939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), in more than half of the worldwide cases by HPV16. Viral DNA integration into the host genome is a frequent mutation in cervical carcinogenesis. Because integration occurs into different genomic locations, it creates unique viral-cellular DNA junctions in every single case. This singularity complicates the precise identification of HPV integration sites enormously. We report here the development of a novel multiplex strategy for sequence determination of HPV16 DNA integration sites. It includes DNA fragmentation and adapter tagging, PCR enrichment of the HPV16 early region, Illumina next-generation sequencing, data processing, and validation of candidate integration sites by junction-PCR. This strategy was performed with 51 cervical cancer samples (47 primary tumors and 4 cell lines). Altogether 75 HPV16 integration sites (3'-junctions) were identified and assigned to the individual samples. By comparing the DNA junctions with the presence of viral oncogene fusion transcripts, 44 tumors could be classified into four groups: Tumors with one transcriptionally active HPV16 integrate (n = 12), tumors with transcribed and silent DNA junctions (n = 8), tumors carrying episomal HPV16 DNA (n = 10), and tumors with one to six DNA junctions, but without fusion transcripts (n = 14). The 3'-breakpoints of integrated HPV16 DNA show a statistically significant (p<0.05) preferential distribution within the early region segment upstream of the major splice acceptor underscoring the importance of deregulated viral oncogene expression for carcinogenesis. Half of the mapped HPV16 integration sites target cellular genes pointing to a direct influence of HPV integration on host genes (insertional mutagenesis). In summary, the multiplex strategy for HPV16 integration site determination worked very efficiently. It will open new avenues for comprehensive mapping of HPV integration sites and for the possible use of HPV integration sites as individualized biomarkers after cancer treatment of patients for the early diagnosis of residual and recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Wolf
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klos
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmitz
- Department for Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department for Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schwarz
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Oh EK, Kim YW, Kim IW, Liu HB, Lee KH, Chun HJ, Park DC, Oh EJ, Lee AW, Bae SM, Ahn WS. Differential DNA copy number aberrations in the progression of cervical lesions to invasive cervical carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2038-46. [PMID: 23023522 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genomic alterations in addition to human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed for cervical precursor lesions to progress to invasive cancer because only a small percentage of women infected by the virus develop disease. However, the genomic alterations during the progression of cervical lesions have not been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to identify differential genomic alterations among cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Genomic alterations were examined for 15 cases each of CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and SCC by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). The chromosomal regions showing significant differential in DNA copy number aberrations (DCNAs) among CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and SCC were successfully identified by resampling-based t-test. The chromosomal regions of 5q35.3 and 2q14.3 showed significant DCNAs between CIN1 and CIN2, and between CIN2 and CIN3, respectively, while a significant difference in DCNAs between CIN3 and SCC was observed at 1q24.3, 3p14.1, 3p14.2, 5q13.2, 7p15.3, 7q22.1 and 13q32.3. In addition, the status of DCNAs in 1q43, 2p11.2, 6p11.2, 7p21.1, 7p14.3, 10q24.1, 13q22.3, 13q34 and 16p13.3 was conserved throughout the progression of CIN to SCC. The presence of differential and common DCNAs among CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and SCC supports that the CIN progression may include continual clonal selection and evolution. This approach also identified 34 probe sets consistently overexpressed when amplified, suggesting an unbiased identification of candidate genes in SCC during cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea
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22
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Schmitz M, Driesch C, Jansen L, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M. Non-random integration of the HPV genome in cervical cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39632. [PMID: 22761851 PMCID: PMC3384597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV DNA integration into the host genome is a characteristic but not an exclusive step during cervical carcinogenesis. It is still a matter of debate whether viral integration contributes to the transformation process beyond ensuring the constitutive expression of the viral oncogenes. There is mounting evidence for a non-random distribution of integration loci and the direct involvement of cellular cancer-related genes. In this study we addressed this topic by extending the existing data set by an additional 47 HPV16 and HPV18 positive cervical carcinoma. We provide supportive evidence for previously defined integration hotspots and have revealed another cluster of integration sites within the cytogenetic band 3q28. Moreover, in the vicinity of these hotspots numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are located and may be influenced by the integrated HPV DNA. By compiling our data and published reports 9 genes could be identified which were affected by HPV integration at least twice in independent tumors. In some tumors the viral-cellular fusion transcripts were even identical with respect to the viral donor and cellular acceptor sites used. However, the exact integration sites are likely to differ since none of the integration sites analysed thus far have shown more than a few nucleotides of homology between viral and host sequences. Therefore, DNA recombination involving large stretches of homology at the integration site can be ruled out. It is however intriguing that by sequence alignment several regions of the HPV16 genome were found to have highly homologous stretches of up to 50 nucleotides to the aforementioned genes and the integration hotspots. One common region of homologies with cellular sequences is between the viral gene E5 and L2 (nucleotides positions 4100 to 4240). We speculate that this and other regions of homology are involved in the integration process. Our observations suggest that targeted disruption, possibly also of critical cellular genes, by HPV integration remains an issue to be fully resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmitz
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Corina Driesch
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Jansen
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cofre J, Menezes JRL, Pizzatti L, Abdelhay E. Knock-down of Kaiso induces proliferation and blocks granulocytic differentiation in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:28. [PMID: 22709531 PMCID: PMC3461418 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaiso protein has been identified as a new member of the POZ-ZF subfamily of transcription factors that are involved in development and cancer. There is consistent evidence of the role of Kaiso and its involvement in human tumorigenesis but there is no evidence about its role in hematopoietic differentiation or establishment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We used, normal K562 cell line, established from a CML patient in blast crisis, and imatinib-resistant K562 cell line, to investigate the specific distribution of Kaiso and their contribution to the cell differentiation status of the blast crisis of CML (CML-BP). Results We found cytoplasmic expression of Kaiso, in K562 cells and patients, confirmed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blot of cytoplasmic protein fraction. Kaiso was weakly expressed in the imatinib-resistant K562 cell line confirmed by immunofluorescence and western blot. The cytoplasmic expression of Kaiso was not modified when the K562 cells were treated for 16 h with imatinib 0.1 and 1 μM. In our study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was introduced to down regulate the expression of Kaiso and p120ctn in K562 cell line. Kaiso and p120ctn were down regulated individually (siRNA-Kaiso or siRNA-p120ctn) or in combination using a simultaneous co-transfection (siRNA-Kaiso/p120ctn). We next investigated whether knockdown either Kaiso or p120ctn alone or in combination affects the cell differentiation status in K562 cells. After down regulation we analyzed the expression of hematopoietic cell differentiation and proliferation genes: SCF, PU-1, c-MyB, C/EBPα, Gata-2 and maturation markers of hematopoietic cells expressed in the plasma membrane: CD15, CD11b, CD33, CD117. The levels of SCF and c-MyB were increased by 1000% and 65% respectively and PU-1, Gata-2 and C/EBPα were decreased by 66%, 50% and 80% respectively, when Kaiso levels were down regulated by siRNA. The results were similar when both Kaiso and p120ctn were down regulated by siRNA. The increased expression of SCF and decreased expression of GATA-2 could be responsible by the higher cell viability detected in K562 cells double knock-down of both Kaiso and p120ctn. Finally, we studied the effect of knock-down either Kaiso or p120ctn, alone or in combination on CD15, CD11b, CD33 and Cd117 expression. Using siRNA approach a reduction of 35%, 8% and 13% in CD15, CD33 and CD117 levels respectively, were achieved in all transfections, when compared to scrambled knock-down cells. Conclusion These results suggest that both Kaiso and p120ctn, contributes to maintaining the differentiated state of the K562 cells and similar to other cancers, cytoplasmic localization of Kaiso is related to a poor prognosis in CML-BP. By the broad and profound effects on the expression of genes and markers of hematopoietic differentiation produced by Kaiso knock-down, these findings reveal Kaiso as a potential target for selective therapy of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Sala 313b, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Okazaki K, Nakayama N, Nariai Y, Nakayama K, Miyazaki K, Maruyama R, Kato H, Kosugi S, Urano T, Sakashita G. Nuclear localization signal in a cancer-related transcriptional regulator protein NAC1. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1854-62. [PMID: 22665369 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) might have potential oncogenic properties and participate in regulatory networks for pluripotency. Although NAC1 is described as a transcriptional regulator, the nuclear import machinery of NAC1 remains unclear. We found, using a point mutant, that dimer formation was not committed to the nuclear localization of NAC1 and, using deletion mutants, that the amino-terminal half of NAC1 harbored a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS). Wild type, but not mutants of this region, alone was sufficient to drive the importation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the nucleus. Bimax1, a synthetic peptide that blocks the importin α/β pathway, impaired nuclear localization of NAC1 in cells. We also used the binding properties of importin to demonstrate that this region is an NLS. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulator function of NAC1 was dependent on its nuclear localization activity in cells. Taken together, these results show that the region with a bipartite motif constitutes a functional nuclear import sequence in NAC1 that is independent of NAC1 dimer formation. The identification of an NAC1 NLS thus clarifies the mechanism through which NAC1 translocates to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of genes involved in oncogenicity and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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25
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Schmitz M, Driesch C, Beer-Grondke K, Jansen L, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M. Loss of gene function as a consequence of human papillomavirus DNA integration. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E593-602. [PMID: 22262398 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Integration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome into the host chromatin is a characteristic step in cervical carcinogenesis. Integration ensures constitutive expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 which drive carcinogenesis. However, integration has also an impact on host DNA. There is increasing evidence that integration not only occurs in fragile sites and translocation breakpoints but also in transcriptionally active regions. Indeed, a substantial number of integration sites actually disrupt host genes and may thereby affect gene expression. No doubt, even subtle changes in gene expression may influence the cell phenotype but small fold changes are difficult to quantify reliably in biopsy material. We have, therefore, addressed the question whether a complete loss of gene function that is insertional mutagenesis in combination with deletion or epigenetic modification of the second allele is also a phenomenon pertinent to cervical cancer. Out of the ten preselected squamous cell carcinomas analyzed, all viral integration sites were located within the intron sequences of known genes, giving rise to viral-cellular fusion transcripts of sense orientation. Moreover, for two tumors, we provide evidence for complete functional loss of the gene affected by HPV integration. Of particular note is that one of the genes involved is the recently described novel tumor suppressor gene castor zinc finger 1. Although our study provides no functional proof that any of the genes affected by HPV integration are causally involved in the transformation process, an exhaustive systematic look at the role of insertional mutagenesis in cervical cancer appears to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmitz
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
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Jeon BN, Kim MK, Choi WI, Koh DI, Hong SY, Kim KS, Kim M, Yun CO, Yoon J, Choi KY, Lee KR, Nephew KP, Hur MW. KR-POK interacts with p53 and represses its ability to activate transcription of p21WAF1/CDKN1A. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1137-48. [PMID: 22253232 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation by p53 is thought to play a role in its ability to suppress tumorigenesis. However, there remain gaps in understanding about how p53 regulates transcription and how disrupting this function may promote cancer. Here we report a role in these processes for the kidney cancer-related gene KR-POK (ZBTB7C), a POZ domain and Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor that we found to physically interact with p53. Murine embryonic fibroblasts isolated from genetically deficient mice (Kr-pok(-/-) MEFs) exhibited a proliferative defect relative to wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). The zinc finger domain of Kr-pok interacted directly with the DNA binding and oligomerization domains of p53. This interaction was essential for Kr-pok to bind the distal promoter region of the CDKN1A gene, an important p53 target gene encoding the cell-cycle regulator p21WAF1, and to inhibit p53-mediated transcriptional activation of CDKN1A. Kr-pok also interacted with the transcriptional corepressors NCoR and BCoR, acting to repress histone H3 and H4 deacetylation at the proximal promoter region of the CDKN1A gene. Importantly, Kr-pok(-/-) MEFs displayed an enhancement in CDKN1A transactivation by p53 during the DNA damage response, without any parallel changes in transcription of either the p53 or Kr-pok genes themselves. Furthermore, Kr-pok promoted cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and its expression was increased in more than 50% of the malignant human kidney cancer cases analyzed. Together, our findings define KR-POK as a transcriptional repressor with a pro-oncogenic role that relies upon binding to p53 and inhibition of its transactivation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Nam Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Severance Institute of Biomedical Science, Seoul, Korea
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Biparental inheritance of chromosomal abnormalities in male twins with non-syndromic mental retardation. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:e383-8. [PMID: 21426945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a monozygotic twin couple with mental retardation (MR), we identified a maternally inherited inversion and a paternally inherited translocation: 46,XY,inv(10)(p11.2q21.2)mat,t(9;18)(p22;q21.1)pat. The maternally inherited inv(10) was a benign variant without any apparent phenotypical implications. The translocation breakpoint at 9p was within a cluster of interferon α genes and the 18q21 breakpoint truncated ZBTB7C (zinc finger and BTB containing 7C gene). In addition, analyses with array-CGH revealed a 931 kb maternally inherited deletion on chromosome 8q22 as well as an 875 kb maternally inherited duplication on 5p14. The deletion encompasses the RIM2 (Rab3A-interacting molecule 2), FZD6 (Frizzled homolog 6) and BAALC (Brain and Acute Leukemia Gene, Cytoplasmic) genes and the duplication includes the 5' end of the CDH9 (cadherin 9) gene. Exome sequencing did not reveal any additional mutations that could explain the MR phenotype. The protein products of the above mentioned genes are involved in different aspects of brain development and/or maintenance of the neurons which suggest that accumulation of genetic defects segregating from both parents might be the basis of MR in the twins. This hypothesis was further supported by protein interaction analysis.
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Werner J, Decarlo CA, Escott N, Zehbe I, Ulanova M. Expression of integrins and Toll-like receptors in cervical cancer: effect of infectious agents. Innate Immun 2011; 18:55-69. [PMID: 21239458 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910392934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that development of cervical cancer is associated with alterations in the expression of innate immune receptors, i.e. integrins and TLRs, and that these alterations can be induced by infectious agents. We have studied the expression of these proteins in cervical biopsy tissues and cervical cancer-derived cell lines HeLa, CaSki, SiHa, C-33 A, and ME180. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated an increase in integrin αv, β3, β4, and β6 expression in the epithelium during the development of cervical cancer. A clear trend towards higher expression of integrin β6 in cell lines harbouring human papillomavirus (HPV) genetic material, compared to HPV-negative C-33 A, was observed. To investigate whether bacterial infection can alter the expression of TLRs and integrins, we infected HeLa cells by two pathogens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a common bacterium of the female genital tract, Lactobacillus reuteri, as a control. Infection with E. coli or P. aeruginosa, but not with L. reuteri, significantly altered the expression of TLR and integrins, particularly of TLR4 and integrin β6. Considering that both integrin β6 and TLR4 play important roles in tumorigenesis, our data suggest that bacterial infection may trigger cancer development in HPV-infected cervical epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Werner
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Sandgren J, Andersson R, Rada-Iglesias A, Enroth S, Akerstrom G, Dumanski JP, Komorowski J, Westin G, Wadelius C. Integrative epigenomic and genomic analysis of malignant pheochromocytoma. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:484-502. [PMID: 20534969 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.7.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic and genomic changes affect gene expression and contribute to tumor development. The histone modifications trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3) are epigenetic regulators associated to active and silenced genes, respectively and alterations of these modifications have been observed in cancer. Furthermore, genomic aberrations such as DNA copy number changes are common events in tumors. Pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor of the adrenal gland that mostly occurs sporadic with unknown epigenetic/genetic cause. The majority of cases are benign. Here we aimed to combine the genome-wide profiling of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, obtained by the ChIP-chip methodology, and DNA copy number data with global gene expression examination in a malignant pheochromocytoma sample. The integrated analysis of the tumor expression levels, in relation to normal adrenal medulla, indicated that either histone modifications or chromosomal alterations, or both, have great impact on the expression of a substantial fraction of the genes in the investigated sample. Candidate tumor suppressor genes identified with decreased expression, a H3K27me3 mark and/or in regions of deletion were for instance TGIF1, DSC3, TNFRSF10B, RASSF2, HOXA9, PTPRE and CDH11. More genes were found with increased expression, a H3K4me3 mark, and/or in regions of gain. Potential oncogenes detected among those were GNAS, INSM1, DOK5, ETV1, RET, NTRK1, IGF2, and the H3K27 trimethylase gene EZH2. Our approach to associate histone methylations and DNA copy number changes to gene expression revealed apparent impact on global gene transcription, and enabled the identification of candidate tumor genes for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sandgren
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Peter M, Stransky N, Couturier J, Hupé P, Barillot E, de Cremoux P, Cottu P, Radvanyi F, Sastre-Garau X. Frequent genomic structural alterations at HPV insertion sites in cervical carcinoma. J Pathol 2010; 221:320-30. [PMID: 20527025 DOI: 10.1002/path.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether integration of HPV DNA in cervical carcinoma is responsible for structural alterations of the host genome at the insertion site, a series of 34 primary cervical carcinomas and eight cervical cancer-derived cell lines were analysed. DNA copy number profiles were assessed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 250K Sty array. HPV 16, 18 or 45 integration sites were determined using the DIPS-PCR technique. The genome status at integration sites was classified as follows: no change, amplification, transition normal/gain, normal/loss or gain/LOH. A single HPV integration site was found in 34 cases; two sites were found in seven cases; and three sites in one case (51 sites). Comparison between integration sites and DNA copy number profiles showed that the genome status was altered at 17/51 (33%) integration sites, corresponding to 16/42 cases (38%). Alterations detected were amplification in nine cases, transition normal/loss in four cases, normal/gain in three cases, and gain/LOH in one case. A highly significant association was found between genomic rearrangement and integration of HPV DNA (p < 10(-10)). Activation of the replication origin located in viral integrated sequences in a cell line derived from one of the primary cervical carcinomas induced an increase of the amplification level of both viral and cellular DNA sequences flanking the integration locus. This mechanism may be implicated in the triggering of genome amplification at the HPV integration site in cervical carcinoma. Structural alterations of the host genome are frequently observed at the integration site of HPV DNA in cervical cancer and may act in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Peter
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France
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31
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Mougin C, Bourgault-Villada I, Coursaget P. [HPV immunization for the prevention of cervical cancer]. Presse Med 2009; 38:1750-68. [PMID: 19765945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) infect epithelial cells of the skin and mucosae. Mucosal high-risk HPV types (mainly HPV 16 and 18) are involved in the development of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers in young women. HPV infection is usually asymptomatic and clears spontaneously, but 10 - 15 % of high-risk HPV infections are persistent and increase the risk of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Two HPV vaccines have been licensed to provide protection against cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES To report the different aspects of HPV infection in order to improve the understanding of the particular problems of HPV vaccination and to review the most recent findings related to HPV vaccines, particularly regarding the protective efficacy of vaccines and the roles of adjuvants and immune response in protection. METHODS Articles were selected from the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine- National Institute of Health) with the following Keywords "HPV", "Prevention", "HPV vaccines", "Immune response", "Antibody". Abstracts of oral presentations from international meetings were also selected for the more recent findings. a critical analysis of the majority of papers published was undertaken and relevant information summarized. RESULTS Virus-like particle production by expressing the major protein of the HPV capsid was carried out in the early 90's, leading to the recent development of two HPV vaccines. These vaccines are now licensed in many countries and have been demonstrated to be highly immunogenic. In subjects that are non-infected at the time of vaccination, HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing persistent HPV 16 - 18 infections (90 %) and precursors lesions of cervical cancer associated with these two HPV types (close to 100 %). Clinical trials have also confirmed that HPV vaccines are well tolerated by recipients. CONCLUSIONS The present paper is a detailed review published in French on HPV vaccines, their efficacy in the prevention of HPV infections and unresolved questions regarding the use of HPV vaccines. This report also includes biological and immunological information to improve the understanding of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mougin
- UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EA 3181, IFR 133, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Ishibashi M, Nakayama K, Yeasmin S, Katagiri A, Iida K, Nakayama N, Miyazaki K. Expression of a BTB/POZ protein, NAC1, is essential for the proliferation of normal cyclic endometrial glandular cells and is up-regulated by estrogen. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:804-11. [PMID: 19188150 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of NAC1, a member of the BTB/POZ gene family in the human cyclic endometrium. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NAC1 expression in normal cyclic endometrium was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and data on clinical variables were collected by retrospective chart review. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of NAC1 expression in the normal endometrium endometrial carcinoma cell lines (Ishikawa, HHUA; ER+, PR+) and primary cultured normal endometria were tested in a sex steroid induction assay and a NAC1 knockdown assay using siRNA. RESULTS Expression of NAC1 in glandular cells was significantly higher in the early and mid proliferative phases than in the other menstrual phases. Both NAC1 RNA and protein expression were up-regulated by treatment with 10 nmol/L 17beta-Estradiol (E2) in Ishikawa, HHUA and primary cultured normal endometrial cells. The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 significantly attenuated E2-induced NAC1 expression. NAC1 gene knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in Ishikawa, HHUA, and normal endometria, all of which expressed NAC1. Furthermore, NAC1 siRNA significantly abrogated estrogen-driven cellular proliferation in Ishikawa, HHUA, and primary cultured normal endometrial cells, whereas the control siRNA had no effect on cell growth in any of these cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that NAC1 is functionally involved in E2-induced cell growth of the normal endometrial glandular cells. Because NAC1 is thought to have oncogenic potential, the current findings may provide new insight into the mechanism of estrogen induced endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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Dockter J, Schroder A, Eaton B, Wang A, Sikhamsay N, Morales L, Giachetti C. Analytical characterization of the APTIMA® HPV Assay. J Clin Virol 2009; 45 Suppl 1:S39-47. [PMID: 19651368 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(09)70007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sobti RC, Singh N, Hussain S, Suri V, Bharti AC, Das BC. Overexpression of STAT3 in HPV-mediated cervical cancer in a north Indian population. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 330:193-9. [PMID: 19421717 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The constitutively activated STAT family members, particularly STAT3, have been shown to possess transforming properties, and are strongly correlated with tumor development and progression. STAT3 transmits signals from many cytokines and growth factors to target genes in the nucleus through the Jak/Stat signaling pathway. HPV is the main etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer. In the current study, the expression of STAT3 was analyzed in various stages of HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Tissue biopsies from 100 patients with cervical cancer of different stages and normal tissues from patients undergoing hysterectomy were selected for studying the HPV status and STAT3 expression. HPV status of each corresponding biopsy was analyzed by PCR and typing. The mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HPV infection was detected in majority of cases: 75% (9/12) in precancer, 85% (34/40) stage I & II, and 95% (36/38) in stage III & IV of cervical cancer cases by L1 PCR. Further sub typing revealed HPV16 in 100% (9/9) of L1 positives in precancerous & 90% (63/70) in different stages of cancer. Significant level of STAT3 mRNA expression was predominantly found in cervical cancer cases as compared to normal controls (P = 0.001). We also found a significant correlation of STAT3 expression in cases infected with HPV (P = 0.001). Our results indicate a potentially interactive effect between HPV 16/18 and transcriptional activation of STAT3 gene in cervical carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first such study to be reported from India. Further investigations are needed to determine the influence of STAT3 expression on cervical carcinogenesis and its possible interaction with HPV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Mould AW, Duncan R, Serewko-Auret M, Loffler KA, Biondi C, Gartside M, Kay GF, Hayward NK. Global expression profiling of sex cord stromal tumors fromMen1heterozygous mice identifies altered TGF-β signaling, decreased Gata6 and increased Csf1r expression. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1122-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Ishibashi M, Nakayama K, Yeasmin S, Katagiri A, Iida K, Nakayama N, Fukumoto M, Miyazaki K. A BTB/POZ gene, NAC-1, a tumor recurrence-associated gene, as a potential target for Taxol resistance in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3149-55. [PMID: 18483383 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously determined that NAC-1, a transcription factor and member of the BTB/POZ gene family, is associated with recurrent ovarian carcinomas. In the current study, we investigated further the relationship between NAC-1 expression and ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NAC-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinical variables were collected by retrospective chart review. SiRNA system and NAC-1 gene transfection were used to asses NAC-1 function in Taxol resistance in vivo. RESULTS Overexpression of NAC-1 correlated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with advanced stage (stage III/IV) ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum and taxane chemotherapy. Furthermore, overexpression of NAC-1 in primary tumors predicted recurrence within 6 months after primary cytoreductive surgery followed by standard platinum and taxane chemotherapy. NAC-1 expression levels were measured and compared among the human ovarian cancer cell line (KF28), cisplatin-resistant cell line (KFr13) induced from KF28, and paclitaxel-resistant cell lines (KF28TX and KFr13TX) induced by exposing KF28 and KFr13 to dose-escalating paclitaxel. Overexpression of NAC-1 was observed in only the Taxol-resistant KF28TX and KFr13 TX cells but not in KF28 or cisplatin-resistant KFr13 cells. To confirm that NAC-1 expression was related to Taxol resistance, we used two independent but complementary approaches. NAC-1 gene knockdown in both KF28TX and KFr13TX rescued paclitaxel sensitivity. Additionally, engineered expression of NAC-1 in RK3E cells induced paclitaxel resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAC-1 regulates Taxol resistance in ovarian cancer and may provide an effective target for chemotherapeutic intervention in Taxol-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kraus I, Driesch C, Vinokurova S, Hovig E, Schneider A, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Dürst M. The majority of viral-cellular fusion transcripts in cervical carcinomas cotranscribe cellular sequences of known or predicted genes. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2514-22. [PMID: 18381461 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into the host genome is a frequent event in cervical carcinogenesis and is reported to occur at randomly selected chromosomal sites. However, as the databases are being up-dated continuously, the knowledge based on sequenced viral integration sites also expands. In this study, viral-cellular fusion transcripts of a preselected group of 74 cervical carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) biopsies harboring integrated HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, or HPV45 DNA were amplified by 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and sequenced. Consistent with previous reports, integration sites were found to be distributed throughout the genome. However, 23% (17 of 74) of the integration sites were located within the cytogenetic bands 4q13.3, 8q24.21, 13q22.1, and 17q21, in clusters ranging from 86 to 900 kb. Of note is that clusters 8q24.21 and 13q22.1 are within 1.5 Mbp of an adjacent fragile site whereas clusters 4q13.3 and 17q21 are >15 Mbp distant to any known fragile sites. It is tempting to speculate that as yet unknown fragile sites may be identified on the basis of HPV integration hotspots. No correlation between HPV type and specific integration loci was found. Of 74 fusion transcripts, 28 contained cellular sequences, which were homologous to known genes, and 40 samples contained sequences of predicted genes. In 33 fusion transcripts, both viral and cellular sequences were in sense orientation, indicating that the gene itself or upstream sequences were affected by integration. These data suggest that the influence of HPV integration on host gene expression may not be a rare effect and should encourage more detailed analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kraus
- Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Vinokurova S, Wentzensen N, Kraus I, Klaes R, Driesch C, Melsheimer P, Kisseljov F, Dürst M, Schneider A, von Knebel Doeberitz M. Type-dependent integration frequency of human papillomavirus genomes in cervical lesions. Cancer Res 2008; 68:307-13. [PMID: 18172324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genomes is believed to represent a significant event in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer associated with progression from preneoplastic lesions to invasive carcinomas. This hypothesis is based on experimental data suggesting that integration-dependent disruption of HR-HPV E2 gene functions is important to achieve neoplastic transformation and on clinical data gathered by analyzing lesions induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 that revealed integrated viral genome copies in the vast majority of cervical cancer cells. However, a substantial fraction of cervical cancers is associated with other HR-HPV types for which virtually no data concerning their integration status have been reported so far. Here, we compared integration frequencies of the five most common oncogenic HPV types (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, and 45) in a series of 835 cervical samples using a specific mRNA-based PCR assay (Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts). Most precancerous lesions displayed exclusively episomal viral genomes, whereas 62% of the carcinomas had integrated viral genomes. However, the frequency of integrated HR-HPV genomes showed marked differences for individual HR-HPV types. HPV16, 18, and 45 were found substantially more often in the integrated state compared with HPV types 31 and 33. The analysis of the median age of patients with high-grade precancerous lesions and invasive cancers suggests that precancers induced by HPV types 18, 16, and 45 progress to invasive cervical cancer in substantially less time compared with precancers induced by HPV types 31 and 33. These findings suggest that integration of oncogenic HPV genomes in cervical lesions is a consequence rather than the cause of chromosomal instability induced by deregulated HR-HPV E6-E7 oncogene expression. Distinct HR-HPV types apparently provoke chromosomal instability in their host cells to a different extent than is reflected by their integration frequencies in advanced lesions and the time required for CIN 3 lesions to progress to invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vinokurova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Kim MH, Roh HE, Lee MN, Hur MW. New fast BiFC plasmid assay system for in vivo protein-protein interactions. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 20:703-14. [PMID: 17982253 DOI: 10.1159/000110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this age of massive genetic and protein information, a fast and reliable method of studying in vivo protein-protein interactions is necessary. We have developed a novel system that can overcome limitations of existing assay methods. This new method adopts two existing systems for fast analysis of diverse protein-protein interactions. For rapid, large-scale cloning, we adopted the Gateway system and developed novel destination vectors containing YFP N-terminus (YN) or YFP C-terminus (YC) to visualize protein-protein interactions in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Using this system, we investigated molecular interactions among the three POZ-domain regulatory proteins mAPM-1, LRF, KLHL10 that belong to a subgroup of human POZ-domain proteins, and showed that the POZ-domains of mAPM-1, LRF and KLHL10 could form both homodimers and heterodimers. This new method is a highly efficient, sensitive and specific assay method for protein-protein interaction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BK21 Project for Medical Science, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea)
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40
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Davidson B, Berner A, Trope' CG, Wang TL, Shih IM. Expression and clinical role of the bric-a-brac tramtrack broad complex/poxvirus and zinc protein NAC-1 in ovarian carcinoma effusions. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1030-1036. [PMID: 17391728 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified NAC-1, member of the bric-a-brac tramtrack broad complex/poxvirus and zinc domain family, as an overexpressed gene in ovarian serous carcinoma and found more frequent NAC-1 protein expression in recurrent compared to primary tumors. In the present study, we assessed the clinical significance of NAC-1 expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 176 effusions (137 peritoneal, 39 pleural) and 197 corresponding solid tumors (69 primary tumors, 128 solid metastases) were analyzed for NAC-1 expression using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity and extent results were analyzed for possible association with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. Nuclear NAC-1 immunoreactivity was found in carcinoma cells in 98% of (173/176) effusions, 94% (65/69) of primary tumors, and 95% (121/128) of metastases. Staining intensity and extent were significantly higher in effusions compared with matched solid tumors (P = .002 for intensity, P = .003 for extent compared with primary tumors; P < .001 for both intensity and extent compared with metastases). Furthermore, NAC-1 expression intensity was significantly higher in specimens obtained after the administration of chemotherapy (P = .002) and correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in analysis of 62 patients with post-chemotherapy effusions (P = .039). International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (IV versus III) was the only clinical parameter associated with PFS in this group (P = .004). In Cox analysis, only the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage was an independent predictor of shorter PFS (P = .009). In conclusion, NAC-1 expression is higher in ovarian carcinoma cells in effusions compared with their solid tumor counterparts. NAC-1 is up-regulated in tumor cells after chemotherapy, suggesting a role for this protein in tumor progression and in the development of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Pathology Clinic, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, N-0310 Montebello Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aasmund Berner
- Pathology Clinic, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, N-0310 Montebello Oslo, Norway
| | - Claes G Trope'
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, University of Oslo, N-0310 Montebello Oslo, Norway
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Lockwood WW, Coe BP, Williams AC, MacAulay C, Lam WL. Whole genome tiling path array CGH analysis of segmental copy number alterations in cervical cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:436-43. [PMID: 17096350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, with high risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) constituting the major etiological agent. However, only a small percentage of women infected by the virus develop disease, suggesting that additional host genetic alterations are necessary for disease progression. In this study we examined the genomes of a panel of commonly used model cervical cancer cell lines using a recently developed whole genome tiling path array for CGH analysis. Detailed analysis of genomic profiles enabled the detection of many novel aberrations, which may have been missed by conventional cytogenetic methods. In total, 27 minimal regions of recurrent copy number alteration were identified that are potentially involved in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, fine mapping of the 3q gain, which is associated with the progression of precursor lesions to invasive cervical cancer, identified a minimal region of alteration harboring genes distinct from previous candidates. Novel regions of gene amplification, including the coamplification of both the Birc and MMP gene clusters on 11q22, were also evident. Lastly, characterization of genomic structure at sites of HPV integration identified the copy number gain of host cellular sequences between the viral-host genomic boundaries in both SiHa and SW756, suggesting a direct role for HPV integration in the development of genetic abnormalities that initiate cervical cancer. This work represents the highest resolution look at a cervical cancer genome to date and offers definitive characterization of the alteration status of these cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Lockwood
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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42
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Daniel JM. Dancing in and out of the nucleus: p120ctn and the transcription factor Kaiso. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:59-68. [PMID: 17050009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The catenin p120 (hereafter p120(ctn)) was first identified as a Src kinase substrate and subsequently characterized as an Armadillo catenin member of the cell-cell adhesion cadherin-catenin complex. In the past decade, many studies have revealed roles for p120(ctn) in regulating Rho family GTPase activity and E-cadherin stability and turnover, events that occur predominantly at the plasma membrane or in the cytoplasm. However, the recent discovery of the nuclear BTB/POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso as a p120(ctn) binding partner, coupled with the detection of p120(ctn) in the nucleus of some cell lines and tumor tissues, suggested that like the classical beta-catenin, p120(ctn) undergoes nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and regulates gene expression. Indeed, p120(ctn) has a classic nuclear localization signal and does traffic to the nucleus. Moreover, nuclear p120(ctn) regulates Kaiso DNA-binding and transcriptional activity, similar to beta-catenin's modulation of TCF/LEF transcription activity. However unlike beta-catenin, p120(ctn) does not appear to be a transcriptional activator. Hence it remains to be determined whether the sole role of nuclear p120(ctn) is regulation of Kaiso or whether p120(ctn) binds and regulates other transcription factors or nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, LSB-331, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1.
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Kelly KF, Daniel JM. POZ for effect--POZ-ZF transcription factors in cancer and development. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:578-87. [PMID: 16996269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The BTB/POZ-ZF [Broad complex, Tramtrack, Bric à brac (BTB) or poxvirus and zinc finger (POZ)-zinc finger] protein family comprises a diverse group of transcription factors. POZ-ZF proteins have been implicated in many biological processes, including B cell fate determination, DNA damage responses, cell cycle progression and a multitude of developmental events, including gastrulation, limb formation and hematopoietic stem cell fate determination. Consequently, dysfunction of vertebrate POZ-ZF proteins, such as promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC-1), Kaiso, ZBTB7 and Fanconi anemia zinc finger (FAZF), has been linked directly or indirectly to tumorigenesis and developmental disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in the POZ-ZF field and the implications for the design of future studies to elucidate the biological roles of these unique transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Kelly
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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44
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Rolén U, Kobzeva V, Gasparjan N, Ovaa H, Winberg G, Kisseljov F, Masucci MG. Activity profiling of deubiquitinating enzymes in cervical carcinoma biopsies and cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:260-9. [PMID: 16402389 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs) regulate the production and recycling of ubiquitin and are thereby critically involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increasing evidence implicates deregulation of USPs in malignant transformation but there is very little information on the overall and specific activity of USPs in normal and tumor tissues. We have used a chemistry-based functional proteomics approach to profile the activities of individual USPs in biopsies of human papillomavirus (HPV) carrying cervical carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. To assess the contribution of HPV proteins, USP activity was also compared in HPV positive and negative cervical carcinoma cell lines and HPV E6/E7 immortalized human keratinocytes. The activity of the C-terminal hydrolases UCH-L3 and UCH37 was upregulated in the majority of tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. UCH-L1 activity was lower in a significant proportion of the tumors but to a less extent in advanced tumors. In accordance with the relatively low UCH-L1 activity in tumor biopsies, UCH-L1 was detected only in one out of eight cervical carcinoma lines. UCH-L1, UCH-L3, USP7, and USP9X activity was upregulated following HPV E6/E7 immortalization of keratinocytes, suggesting a role of these enzymes in growth transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Rolén
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Beder LB, Gunduz M, Ouchida M, Gunduz E, Sakai A, Fukushima K, Nagatsuka H, Ito S, Honjo N, Nishizaki K, Shimizu K. Identification of a candidate tumor suppressor gene RHOBTB1 located at a novel allelic loss region 10q21 in head and neck cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2005; 132:19-27. [PMID: 16170569 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-005-0033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aims of the study are to narrow-down the hotspot region on 10q21 defined by previous genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and to define candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) concerned with 10q21. MATERIALS AND METHODS LOH analysis was carried out with ten polymorphic microsatellite markers. Expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and mutation analysis by PCR and direct sequencing. RESULTS LOH analysis on 10q21 in 52 HNSCC indicated distinctive and frequent allelic loss at D10S589 (42%). Among flanking genes, we found the RHOBTB1 gene as a candidate TSG, since an intragenic marker demonstrated the highest LOH (44%). Expression analysis revealed down-regulation of RHOBTB1 mRNA in 37% of tumors. Interestingly, all the five tumors that showed decreased expression of RHOBTB1 were accompanied with LOH, supporting the haploinsufficiency and class 2 TSG characteristics of RHOBTB1. No pathogenic mutation of RHOBTB1 was found. Furthermore, another gene within the region, EGR2, was also taken under scope. LOH frequencies around the EGR2 gene were relatively low (23 and 33%). Albeit semi-quantitative expression analysis of EGR2 demonstrated downregulation in 45% of tumor samples, no relation was found between the expression levels and LOH status. CONCLUSION Frequent allelic loss and decreased expression of RHOBTB1 suggested that this gene has a role in tumorigenesis of a subset of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent B Beder
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Smith AEF, Farzaneh F, Ford KG. Single zinc-finger extension: enhancing transcriptional activity and specificity of three-zinc-finger proteins. Biol Chem 2005; 386:95-9. [PMID: 15843152 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to demonstrate that an existing zinc-finger protein can be simply modified to enhance DNA binding and sequence discrimination in both episomal and chromatin contexts using existing zinc-finger DNA recognition code data, and without recourse to phage display and selection strategies, we have examined the consequences of a single zinc-finger extension to a synthetic three-zinc-finger VP16 fusion protein, on transcriptional activation from model target promoters harbouring the zinc-finger binding sequences. We report a nearly 10-fold enhanced transcriptional activation by the four-zinc-finger VP16 fusion protein relative to the progenitor three-finger VP16 protein in transient assays and a greater than five-fold enhancement in stable reporter-gene expression assays. A marked decrease in transcriptional activation was evident for the four-zinc-finger derivative from mutated regulatory regions compared to the progenitor protein, as a result of recognition site-size extension. This discriminatory effect was shown to be protein concentration-dependent. These observations suggest that four-zinc-finger proteins are stable functional motifs that can be a significant improvement over the progenitor three-zinc-finger protein, both in terms of specificity and the ability to target transcriptional function to promoters, and that single zinc-finger extension can therefore have a significant impact on DNA zinc-finger protein interactions. This is a simple route for modifying or enhancing the binding properties of existing synthetic zinc-finger-based transcription factors and may be particularly suited for the modification of endogenous zinc-finger transcription factors for promoter biasing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E F Smith
- Department of Haematological and Molecular Medicine, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Soubry A, van Hengel J, Parthoens E, Colpaert C, Van Marck E, Waltregny D, Reynolds AB, van Roy F. Expression and nuclear location of the transcriptional repressor Kaiso is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2224-33. [PMID: 15781635 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kaiso is a BTB/POZ zinc finger protein originally described as an interaction partner of p120ctn. In cultured cell lines, Kaiso is found almost exclusively in the nucleus, where it generally acts as a transcriptional repressor. Here, we describe the first in situ immunolocalization studies of Kaiso expression in normal and cancerous tissues. Surprisingly, we found striking differences between its behavior in monolayers of different cell lines, three-dimensional cell culture systems, and in vivo. Although nuclear localization was sometimes observed in tissues, Kaiso was more often found in the cytoplasm, and in some cell types it was absent. In general, Kaiso and p120ctn did not colocalize in the nucleus. To examine this phenomenon more carefully, tumor cells exhibiting strong nuclear Kaiso staining in vitro were injected into nude mice and grown as xenografts. The latter showed a progressive translocation of Kaiso towards the cytoplasm over time, and even complete loss of expression, especially in the center of the tumor nodules. When xenografted tumors were returned to cell culture, Kaiso was re-expressed and was once again found in the nucleus. Translocation of Kaiso to the cytoplasm and down-regulation of its levels were also observed under particular experimental conditions in vitro, such as formation of spheroids and acini. These data strongly imply an unexpected influence of the microenvironment on Kaiso expression and localization. As transcriptional repression is a nuclear event, this phenomenon is likely a crucial factor in the regulation of Kaiso function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-Ghent University, Ghent
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Bu X, Avraham HK, Li X, Lim B, Jiang S, Fu Y, Pestell RG, Avraham S. Mayven induces c-Jun expression and cyclin D1 activation in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2005; 24:2398-409. [PMID: 15735724 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mayven is a member of the kelch-related superfamily of proteins, characterized by a series of 'kelch' repeats at their carboxyl terminus and a BTB/POZ domain at their NH2-terminus. Little is known about the role of Mayven in cancer. Here, we report that Mayven expression was abundant and diffuse in primary human epithelial breast tumor cells as compared to normal breast epithelial cells, where Mayven was detected in the normal breast layer of the mammary ducts. Overexpression of Mayven resulted in an induction of c-Jun protein levels, as well as increased AP-1 (activating protein 1) transcriptional activity in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells through its BTB/POZ domain. Furthermore, Mayven activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase in breast cancer cells. Mayven, through its BTB/POZ domain, induced cyclin D1 expression and cyclin D1 promoter activity and promoted cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase. MCF-7 cells transduced with the recombinant retroviral sense Mayven (pMIG-W-Mayven) showed significant induction of c-Jun and cyclin D1 mRNA expression and activities as compared to the retroviral vector alone, while MCF-7 cells transduced by the recombinant retroviral antisense Mayven (pMIG-W-Mayven-AS) demonstrated a significant decrease in c-Jun and cyclin D1 expression and activities. Given the crucial functions of cyclin D1 and AP-1 signaling in oncogenesis, our results strongly suggest that overexpression of Mayven may promote tumor growth through c-Jun and cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Bu
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kurlender L, Borgono C, Michael IP, Obiezu C, Elliott MB, Yousef GM, Diamandis EP. A survey of alternative transcripts of human tissue kallikrein genes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1755:1-14. [PMID: 15878240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is prevalent within the human tissue kallikrein gene locus. Aside from being the most important source of protein diversity in eukaryotes, this process plays a significant role in development, physiology and disease. A better understanding of alternative splicing could lead to the use of gene variants as drug targets, therapeutic agents or diagnostic markers. With the rapidly rising number of alternative kallikrein transcripts, classifying new transcripts and piecing together the significance of existing data are becoming increasingly challenging. In this review, we present a systematic analysis of all currently known kallikrein alternative transcripts. By defining a reference form for each of the 15 kallikrein genes (KLK1 to KLK15), we were able to classify alternative splicing patterns. We identified 82 different kallikrein gene transcript forms, including reference forms. Alternative splicing may lead to the synthesis of 56 different protein forms for KLK1-15. In the kallikrein locus, the majority of alternative splicing events occur within the protein-coding region, and to a lesser extent in the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). The most common alternative splicing event is exon skipping (35%) and the least common events are cryptic exons (3%) and internal exon deletion (3%). Seventy-six percent of kallikrein splice variants that are predicted to encode truncated proteins are the result of frameshifts. Eighty-nine percent of putative proteins encoded by splice variants are predicted to be secreted. Although several reports describe the identification of kallikrein splice variants and their potential clinical utility, this is the first extensive review on this subject. Accumulating evidence suggests that alternative kallikrein forms could be involved in many pathologic conditions or could have practical applications as biomarkers. The organization and analysis of the kallikrein transcripts will facilitate future work in this area and may lead to novel clinical and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurlender
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5
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Sun G, Liu X, Mercado P, Jenkinson SR, Kypriotou M, Feigenbaum L, Galéra P, Bosselut R. The zinc finger protein cKrox directs CD4 lineage differentiation during intrathymic T cell positive selection. Nat Immunol 2005; 6:373-81. [PMID: 15750595 DOI: 10.1038/ni1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic programs directing CD4 or CD8 T cell differentiation in the thymus remain poorly understood. While analyzing gene expression during intrathymic T cell selection, we found that Zfp67, encoding the zinc finger transcription factor cKrox, was upregulated during the differentiation of CD4(+) but not CD8(+) T cells. Expression of a cKrox transgene impaired CD8 T cell development and caused major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted thymocytes to differentiate into CD4(+) T cells with helper properties rather than into cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, as normally found. CD4 lineage differentiation mediated by cKrox required its N-terminal BTB (bric-a-brac, tramtrack, broad complex) domain. These findings identify cKrox as a chief CD4 differentiation factor during positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Sun
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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