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Wang Y, Zhou J, He W, Fu R, Shi L, Dang NK, Liu B, Xu H, Cheng X, Bedford MT. SART3 reads methylarginine-marked glycine- and arginine-rich motifs. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114459. [PMID: 38985674 PMCID: PMC11370311 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycine- and arginine-rich (GAR) motifs, commonly found in RNA-binding and -processing proteins, can be symmetrically (SDMA) or asymmetrically (ADMA) dimethylated at the arginine residue by protein arginine methyltransferases. Arginine-methylated protein motifs are usually read by Tudor domain-containing proteins. Here, using a GFP-Trap, we identify a non-Tudor domain protein, squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (SART3), as a reader for SDMA-marked GAR motifs. Structural analysis and mutagenesis of SART3 show that aromatic residues lining a groove between two adjacent aromatic-rich half-a-tetratricopeptide (HAT) repeat domains are essential for SART3 to recognize and bind to SDMA-marked GAR motif peptides, as well as for the interaction between SART3 and the GAR-motif-containing proteins fibrillarin and coilin. Further, we show that the loss of this reader ability affects RNA splicing. Overall, our findings broaden the range of potential SDMA readers to include HAT domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jujun Zhou
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rongjie Fu
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leilei Shi
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ngoc Khoi Dang
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Hoang PM, Torre D, Jaynes P, Ho J, Mohammed K, Alvstad E, Lam WY, Khanchandani V, Lee JM, Toh CMC, Lee RX, Anbuselvan A, Lee S, Sebra RP, Martin J Walsh, Marazzi I, Kappei D, Guccione E, Jeyasekharan AD. A PRMT5-ZNF326 axis mediates innate immune activation upon replication stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9589. [PMID: 38838142 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
DNA replication stress (RS) is a widespread phenomenon in carcinogenesis, causing genomic instability and extensive chromatin alterations. DNA damage leads to activation of innate immune signaling, but little is known about transcriptional regulators mediating such signaling upon RS. Using a chemical screen, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a key mediator of RS-dependent induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This response is also associated with reactivation of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identify proteins with PRMT5-dependent symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) modification induced upon RS. Among these, we show that PRMT5 targets and modulates the activity of ZNF326, a zinc finger protein essential for ISG response. Our data demonstrate a role for PRMT5-mediated SDMA in the context of RS-induced transcriptional induction, affecting physiological homeostasis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Mai Hoang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denis Torre
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Ho
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Mohammed
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erik Alvstad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wan Yee Lam
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vartika Khanchandani
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Min Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Min Clarissa Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xue Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akshaya Anbuselvan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Robert P Sebra
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Bhandari K, Ding WQ. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Molecular Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3958. [PMID: 38612768 PMCID: PMC11011826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease with a low 5-year overall survival rate. It is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The lack of robust therapeutics, absence of effective biomarkers for early detection, and aggressive nature of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate of PDAC. Notably, the outcomes of recent immunotherapy and targeted therapy against PDAC remain unsatisfactory, indicating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One of the newly described molecular features of PDAC is the altered expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are a group of enzymes known to methylate arginine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins, thereby mediating cellular homeostasis in biological systems. Some of the PRMT enzymes are known to be overexpressed in PDAC that promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance via regulating gene transcription, cellular metabolic processes, RNA metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs are currently under clinical trials and can potentially become a new generation of anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PRMTs in PDAC, focusing on their pathological roles and their potential as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB401A, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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4
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Garcia EL, Steiner RE, Raimer AC, Herring LE, Matera AG, Spring AM. Dysregulation of innate immune signaling in animal models of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571739. [PMID: 38168196 PMCID: PMC10760185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disease caused by hypomorphic loss of function in the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. SMA presents across broad spectrum of disease severity. Unfortunately, vertebrate models of intermediate SMA have been difficult to generate and are thus unable to address key aspects of disease etiology. To address these issues, we developed a Drosophila model system that recapitulates the full range of SMA severity, allowing studies of pre-onset biology as well as late-stage disease processes. Results Here, we carried out transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of mild and intermediate Drosophila models of SMA to elucidate molecules and pathways that contribute to the disease. Using this approach, we elaborated a role for the SMN complex in the regulation of innate immune signaling. We find that mutation or tissue-specific depletion of SMN induces hyperactivation of the Immune Deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways, leading to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and ectopic formation of melanotic masses in the absence of an external challenge. Furthermore, knockdown of downstream targets of these signaling pathways reduced melanotic mass formation caused by SMN loss. Importantly, we identify SMN as a negative regulator of an ubiquitylation complex that includes Traf6, Bendless and Diap2, and plays a pivotal role in several signaling networks. Conclusions In alignment with recent research on other neurodegenerative diseases, these findings suggest that hyperactivation of innate immunity contributes to SMA pathology. This work not only provides compelling evidence that hyperactive innate immune signaling is a primary effect of SMN depletion, but it also suggests that the SMN complex plays a regulatory role in this process in vivo. In summary, immune dysfunction in SMA is a consequence of reduced SMN levels and is driven by cellular and molecular mechanisms that are conserved between insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Garcia
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Steiner
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Amanda C. Raimer
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - A. Gregory Matera
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ashlyn M. Spring
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro NC, USA
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5
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Esser LM, Li Q, Jüdt M, Kähne T, Stork B, Grimmler M, Wesselborg S, Peter C. The Impact of p70S6 Kinase-Dependent Phosphorylation of Gemin2 in UsnRNP Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15552. [PMID: 37958537 PMCID: PMC10649565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival motor neuron (SMN) complex is a multi-megadalton complex involved in post-transcriptional gene expression in eukaryotes via promotion of the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs). The functional center of the complex is formed from the SMN/Gemin2 subunit. By binding the pentameric ring made up of the Sm proteins SmD1/D2/E/F/G and allowing for their transfer to a uridine-rich short nuclear RNA (UsnRNA), the Gemin2 protein in particular is crucial for the selectivity of the Sm core assembly. It is well established that post-translational modifications control UsnRNP biogenesis. In our work presented here, we emphasize the crucial role of Gemin2, showing that the phospho-status of Gemin2 influences the capacity of the SMN complex to condense in Cajal bodies (CBs) in vivo. Additionally, we define Gemin2 as a novel and particular binding partner and phosphorylation substrate of the mTOR pathway kinase ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p70S6K). Experiments using size exclusion chromatography further demonstrated that the Gemin2 protein functions as a connecting element between the 6S complex and the SMN complex. As a result, p70S6K knockdown lowered the number of CBs, which in turn inhibited in vivo UsnRNP synthesis. In summary, these findings reveal a unique regulatory mechanism of UsnRNP biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Marie Esser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qiaoping Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jüdt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Grimmler
- Institute for Biomolecular Research, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH, University of Applied Sciences, 65510 Idstein, Germany
- DiaServe Laboratories GmbH, 82393 Iffeldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wesselborg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Zheng K, Chen S, Ren Z, Wang Y. Protein arginine methylation in viral infection and antiviral immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5292-5318. [PMID: 37928266 PMCID: PMC10620831 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.89498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)-mediated arginine methylation is an important post-transcriptional modification that regulates various cellular processes including epigenetic gene regulation, genome stability maintenance, RNA metabolism, and stress-responsive signal transduction. The varying substrates and biological functions of arginine methylation in cancer and neurological diseases have been extensively discussed, providing a rationale for targeting PRMTs in clinical applications. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated an interplay between arginine methylation and viral infections. PRMTs have been found to methylate and regulate several host cell proteins and different functional types of viral proteins, such as viral capsids, mRNA exporters, transcription factors, and latency regulators. This modulation affects their activity, subcellular localization, protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions, ultimately impacting their roles in various virus-associated processes. In this review, we discuss the classification, structure, and regulation of PRMTs and their pleiotropic biological functions through the methylation of histones and non-histones. Additionally, we summarize the broad spectrum of PRMT substrates and explore their intricate effects on various viral infection processes and antiviral innate immunity. Thus, comprehending the regulation of arginine methylation provides a critical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases and uncovering opportunities for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Innovative Technology Research on Natural Products and Cosmetics Raw Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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7
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Angelopoulou E, Pyrgelis ES, Ahire C, Suman P, Mishra A, Piperi C. Functional Implications of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 37759656 PMCID: PMC10525691 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
During the aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases will be continuously growing. Although each disorder is characterized by disease-specific protein accumulations, several common pathophysiological mechanisms encompassing both genetic and environmental factors have been detected. Among them, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which catalyze the methylation of arginine of various substrates, have been revealed to regulate several cellular mechanisms, including neuronal cell survival and excitability, axonal transport, synaptic maturation, and myelination. Emerging evidence highlights their critical involvement in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS) spectrum, Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Underlying mechanisms include the regulation of gene transcription and RNA splicing, as well as their implication in various signaling pathways related to oxidative stress responses, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, vacuole degeneration, abnormal protein accumulation and neurotransmission. The targeting of PRMTs is a therapeutic approach initially developed against various forms of cancer but currently presents a novel potential strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence on the role of PRMTs in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, enlightening their pathogenesis and stimulating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (E.-S.P.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (E.-S.P.)
| | - Chetana Ahire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Prachi Suman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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8
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Abe Y, Sano T, Tanaka N. The Role of PRMT5 in Immuno-Oncology. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030678. [PMID: 36980950 PMCID: PMC10048035 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has caused a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutic strategy. However, this therapy only benefits a subset of patients. The difference in responses to ICIs is believed to be dependent on cancer type and its tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is favorable for cancer progression and metastasis and can also help cancer cells to evade immune attacks. To improve the response to ICIs, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of how the TME is maintained. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) di-methylates arginine residues in its substrates and has essential roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and the fidelity of mRNA splicing. Through these functions, PRMT5 can support cancer cell immune evasion. PRMT5 is necessary for regulatory T cell (Treg) functions and promotes cancer stemness and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Specific factors in the TME can help recruit Tregs, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells into tumors. In addition, PRMT5 suppresses antigen presentation and the production of interferon and chemokines, which are necessary to recruit T cells into tumors. Overall, PRMT5 supports an immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, PRMT5 inhibition would help recover the immune cycle and enable the immune system-mediated elimination of cancer cells.
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9
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Esser LM, Schmitz K, Hillebrand F, Erkelenz S, Schaal H, Stork B, Grimmler M, Wesselborg S, Peter C. Phosphorylation of pICln by the autophagy activating kinase ULK1 regulates snRNP biogenesis and splice activity of the cell. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2100-2109. [PMID: 36968021 PMCID: PMC10034211 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spliceosome, responsible for all mature protein-coding transcripts of eukaryotic intron-containing genes, consists of small uridine-rich nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs). The assembly of UsnRNPs depends, on one hand, on the arginine methylation of Sm proteins catalyzed by the PRMT5 complex. On the other hand, it depends on the phosphorylation of the PRMT5 subunit pICln by the Uncoordinated Like Kinase 1 (ULK1). In consequence, phosphorylation of pICln affects the stability of the UsnRNP assembly intermediate, the so-called 6 S complex. The detailed mechanisms of phosphorylation-dependent integrity and subsequent UsnRNP assembly of the 6 S complex in vivo have not yet been analyzed. By using a phospho-specific antibody against ULK1-dependent phosphorylation sites of pICln, we visualize the intracellular distribution of phosphorylated pICln. Furthermore, we detect the colocaliphosphor-pICln1 with phospho-pICln by size-exclusion chromatography and immunofluorescence techniques. We also show that phosphorylated pICln is predominantly present in the 6 S complex. The addition of ULK1 to in vitro produced 6 S complex, as well as the reconstitution of ULK1 in ULK1-deficient cells, increases the efficiency of snRNP biogenesis. Accordingly, inhibition of ULK1 and the associated decreased pICln phosphorylation lead to accumulation of the 6 S complex and reduction in the spliceosomal activity of the cell.
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10
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Li Z, He Z, Wang J, Kong G. RNA splicing factors in normal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies: novel therapeutic targets and strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:149-163. [PMID: 36822179 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing, a crucial transesterification-based process by which noncoding regions are removed from premature RNA to create mature mRNA, regulates various cellular functions, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Clinical and functional studies over the past 10 y have confirmed that mutations in RNA splicing factors are among the most recurrent genetic abnormalities in hematologic neoplasms, including myeloid malignancies, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and clonal hematopoiesis. These findings indicate an important role for splicing factor mutations in the development of clonal hematopoietic disorders. Mutations in core or accessory components of the RNA spliceosome complex alter splicing sites in a manner of change of function. These changes can result in the dysregulation of cancer-associated gene expression and the generation of novel mRNA transcripts, some of which are not only critical to disease development but may be also serving as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, multiple studies have revealed that hematopoietic cells bearing mutations in splicing factors depend on the expression of the residual wild-type allele for survival, and these cells are more sensitive to reduced expression of wild-type splicing factors or chemical perturbations of the splicing machinery. These findings suggest a promising possibility for developing novel therapeutic opportunities in tumor cells based on mutations in splicing factors. Here, we combine current knowledge of the mechanistic and functional effects of frequently mutated splicing factors in normal hematopoiesis and the effects of their mutations in hematologic malignancies. Moreover, we discuss the development of potential therapeutic opportunities based on these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zhongzheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Guangyao Kong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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11
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Barraza SJ, Bhattacharyya A, Trotta CR, Woll MG. Targeting strategies for modulating pre-mRNA splicing with small molecules: Recent advances. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103431. [PMID: 36356786 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The concept of using small molecules to therapeutically modulate pre-mRNA splicing was validated with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Evrysdi® (risdiplam) in 2020. Since then, efforts have continued unabated toward the discovery of new splicing-modulating drugs. However, the drug development world has evolved in the 10 years since risdiplam precursors were first identified in high-throughput screening (HTS). Now, new mechanistic insights into RNA-processing pathways and regulatory networks afford increasingly feasible targeted approaches. In this review, organized into classes of biological target, we compile and summarize small molecules discovered, devised, and developed since 2020 to alter pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Barraza
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | - Matthew G Woll
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
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12
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Erazo T, Evans CM, Zakheim D, Chu EL, Refermat AY, Asgari Z, Yang X, Da Silva Ferreira M, Mehta S, Russo MV, Knezevic A, Zhang XP, Chen Z, Fennell M, Garippa R, Seshan V, de Stanchina E, Barbash O, Batlevi CL, Leslie CS, Melnick AM, Younes A, Kharas MG. TP53 mutations and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI-2 drive resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5676. [PMID: 36167829 PMCID: PMC9515221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify drivers of sensitivity and resistance to Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. We identify TP53 and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI2 (MSI2) as the top-ranked sensitizer and driver of resistance to specific PRMT5i, GSK-591, respectively. TP53 deletion and TP53R248W mutation are biomarkers of resistance to GSK-591. PRMT5 expression correlates with MSI2 expression in lymphoma patients. MSI2 depletion and pharmacological inhibition using Ro 08-2750 (Ro) both synergize with GSK-591 to reduce cell growth. Ro reduces MSI2 binding to its global targets and dual treatment of Ro and PRMT5 inhibitors result in synergistic gene expression changes including cell cycle, P53 and MYC signatures. Dual MSI2 and PRMT5 inhibition further blocks c-MYC and BCL-2 translation. BCL-2 depletion or inhibition with venetoclax synergizes with a PRMT5 inhibitor by inducing reduced cell growth and apoptosis. Thus, we propose a therapeutic strategy in lymphoma that combines PRMT5 with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Erazo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Zakheim
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eren L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Yunsi Refermat
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Da Silva Ferreira
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Vincenzo Russo
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Myles Fennell
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Connie Lee Batlevi
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Zhang L, Abendroth F, Vázquez O. A Chemical Biology Perspective to Therapeutic Regulation of RNA Splicing in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1293-1307. [PMID: 35639849 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of RNA splicing machinery has emerged as a drug modality. Here, we illustrate the potential of this novel paradigm to correct aberrant splicing events focused on the recent therapeutic advances in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA is an incurable neuromuscular disorder and at present the primary genetic cause of early infant death. This Review summarizes the exciting journey from the first reported SMA cases to the currently approved splicing-switching treatments, i.e., antisense oligonucleotides and small-molecule modifiers. We emphasize both chemical structures and molecular bases for recognition. We briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these treatments and include the remaining challenges and future directions. Finally, we also predict that these success stories will contribute to further therapies for human diseases by RNA-splicing control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 14, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Sette C, Paronetto MP. Somatic Mutations in Core Spliceosome Components Promote Tumorigenesis and Generate an Exploitable Vulnerability in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071827. [PMID: 35406598 PMCID: PMC8997811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High throughput exome sequencing approaches have disclosed recurrent cancer-associated mutations in spliceosomal components, which drive aberrant pre-mRNA processing events and support the tumor phenotype. At the same time, mutations in spliceosome genes and aberrant splicing regulation establish a selective vulnerability of cancer cells to splicing-targeting approaches, which could be exploited therapeutically. It is conceivable that a better understanding of the mechanisms and roles of abnormal splicing in tumor metabolism will facilitate the development of a novel generation of tumor-targeting drugs. In this review, we describe recent advances in the elucidation of the biological impact and biochemical effects of somatic mutations in core spliceosome components on splicing choices and their associated targetable vulnerabilities. Abstract Alternative pre-mRNA processing enables the production of distinct mRNA and protein isoforms from a single gene, thus greatly expanding the coding potential of eukaryotic genomes and fine-tuning gene expression programs. Splicing is carried out by the spliceosome, a complex molecular machinery which assembles step-wise on mRNA precursors in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In the last decade, exome sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of point mutations in genes encoding splicing factors as a recurrent hallmark of human cancers, with higher incidence in hematological malignancies. These mutations lead to production of splicing factors that reduce the fidelity of the splicing process and yield splicing variants that are often advantageous for cancer cells. However, at the same time, these mutations increase the sensitivity of transformed cells to splicing inhibitors, thus offering a therapeutic opportunity for novel targeted strategies. Herein, we review the recent literature documenting cancer-associated mutations in components of the early spliceosome complex and discuss novel therapeutic strategies based on small-molecule spliceosome inhibitors that exhibit strong anti-tumor effects, particularly against cancer cells harboring mutations in spliceosomal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Dansu DK, Liang J, Selcen I, Zheng H, Moore DF, Casaccia P. PRMT5 Interacting Partners and Substrates in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:820226. [PMID: 35370564 PMCID: PMC8968030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.820226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5 is an enzyme expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and responsible for the symmetric methylation of arginine residues on histone tails. Previous work from our laboratory identified PRMT5 as critical for myelination, due to its transcriptional regulation of genes involved in survival and early stages of differentiation. However, besides its nuclear localization, PRMT5 is found at high levels in the cytoplasm of several cell types, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and yet, its interacting partners in this lineage, remain elusive. By using mass spectrometry on protein eluates from extracts generated from primary oligodendrocyte lineage cells and immunoprecipitated with PRMT5 antibodies, we identified 1196 proteins as PRMT5 interacting partners. These proteins were related to molecular functions such as RNA binding, ribosomal structure, cadherin and actin binding, nucleotide and protein binding, and GTP and GTPase activity. We then investigated PRMT5 substrates using iTRAQ-based proteomics on cytosolic and nuclear protein extracts from CRISPR-PRMT5 knockdown immortalized oligodendrocyte progenitors compared to CRISPR-EGFP controls. This analysis identified a similar number of peptides in the two subcellular fractions and a total number of 57 proteins with statistically decreased symmetric methylation of arginine residues in the CRISPR-PRMT5 knockdown compared to control. Several PRMT5 substrates were in common with cancer cell lines and related to RNA processing, splicing and transcription. In addition, we detected ten oligodendrocyte lineage specific substrates, corresponding to proteins with high expression levels in neural tissue. They included: PRC2C, a proline-rich protein involved in methyl-RNA binding, HNRPD an RNA binding protein involved in regulation of RNA stability, nuclear proteins involved in transcription and other proteins related to migration and actin cytoskeleton. Together, these results highlight a cell-specific role of PRMT5 in OPC in regulating several other cellular processes, besides RNA splicing and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ipek Selcen
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert-Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Dirk F. Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Patrizia Casaccia,
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16
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Maron MI, Casill AD, Gupta V, Roth JS, Sidoli S, Query CC, Gamble MJ, Shechter D. Type I and II PRMTs inversely regulate post-transcriptional intron detention through Sm and CHTOP methylation. eLife 2022; 11:e72867. [PMID: 34984976 PMCID: PMC8765754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are required for the regulation of RNA processing factors. Type I PRMT enzymes catalyze mono- and asymmetric dimethylation; Type II enzymes catalyze mono- and symmetric dimethylation. To understand the specific mechanisms of PRMT activity in splicing regulation, we inhibited Type I and II PRMTs and probed their transcriptomic consequences. Using the newly developed Splicing Kinetics and Transcript Elongation Rates by Sequencing (SKaTER-seq) method, analysis of co-transcriptional splicing demonstrated that PRMT inhibition resulted in altered splicing rates. Surprisingly, co-transcriptional splicing kinetics did not correlate with final changes in splicing of polyadenylated RNA. This was particularly true for retained introns (RI). By using actinomycin D to inhibit ongoing transcription, we determined that PRMTs post-transcriptionally regulate RI. Subsequent proteomic analysis of both PRMT-inhibited chromatin and chromatin-associated polyadenylated RNA identified altered binding of many proteins, including the Type I substrate, CHTOP, and the Type II substrate, SmB. Targeted mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in SmD3, SmB, and SmD1 recapitulated splicing changes seen with Type II PRMT inhibition, without disrupting snRNP assembly. Similarly, mutagenesis of all methylarginine sites in CHTOP recapitulated the splicing changes seen with Type I PRMT inhibition. Examination of subcellular fractions further revealed that RI were enriched in the nucleoplasm and chromatin. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, through Sm and CHTOP arginine methylation, PRMTs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of nuclear, detained introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim I Maron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Alyssa D Casill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Varun Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Jacob S Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Charles C Query
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Matthew J Gamble
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
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17
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Brehmer D, Beke L, Wu T, Millar HJ, Moy C, Sun W, Mannens G, Pande V, Boeckx A, van Heerde E, Nys T, Gustin EM, Verbist B, Zhou L, Fan Y, Bhargava V, Safabakhsh P, Vinken P, Verhulst T, Gilbert A, Rai S, Graubert TA, Pastore F, Fiore D, Gu J, Johnson A, Philippar U, Morschhäuser B, Walker D, De Lange D, Keersmaekers V, Viellevoye M, Diels G, Schepens W, Thuring JW, Meerpoel L, Packman K, Lorenzi MV, Laquerre S. Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-64619178, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PRMT5 with Potent Antitumor Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2317-2328. [PMID: 34583982 PMCID: PMC9398174 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) methylates a variety of proteins involved in splicing, multiple signal transduction pathways, epigenetic control of gene expression, and mechanisms leading to protein expression required for cellular proliferation. Dysregulation of PRMT5 is associated with clinical features of several cancers, including lymphomas, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Here, we describe the characterization of JNJ-64619178, a novel, selective, and potent PRMT5 inhibitor, currently in clinical trials for patients with advanced solid tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. JNJ-64619178 demonstrated a prolonged inhibition of PRMT5 and potent antiproliferative activity in subsets of cancer cell lines derived from various histologies, including lung, breast, pancreatic, and hematological malignancies. In primary acute myelogenous leukemia samples, the presence of splicing factor mutations correlated with a higher ex vivo sensitivity to JNJ-64619178. Furthermore, the potent and unique mechanism of inhibition of JNJ-64619178, combined with highly optimized pharmacological properties, led to efficient tumor growth inhibition and regression in several xenograft models in vivo, with once-daily or intermittent oral-dosing schedules. An increase in splicing burden was observed upon JNJ-64619178 treatment. Overall, these observations support the continued clinical evaluation of JNJ-64619178 in patients with aberrant PRMT5 activity-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Brehmer
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lijs Beke
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tongfei Wu
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Christopher Moy
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Weimei Sun
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Geert Mannens
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Boeckx
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Nys
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Bie Verbist
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Longen Zhou
- Janssen Research and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Janssen Research and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Vipul Bhargava
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Petra Vinken
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tinne Verhulst
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angelique Gilbert
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Sumit Rai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy A. Graubert
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Danilo Fiore
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Junchen Gu
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Johnson
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - David Walker
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Gaston Diels
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Schepens
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kathryn Packman
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sylvie Laquerre
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: Sylvie Laquerre, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477. Phone: 215-628-5840; E-mail:
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18
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PRMT5: An Emerging Target for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205136. [PMID: 34680285 PMCID: PMC8534199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The burden of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) increases with rising incidence, yet 5-year overall survival remains poor at 17%. Routine comprehensive genomic profiling of PDAC only finds 2.5% of patients who may benefit and receive matched targeted therapy. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an anti-cancer target has gained significant interest in recent years and high levels of PRMT5 protein are associated with worse survival outcomes across multiple cancer types. Inhibition of PRMT5 in pre-clinical models can lead to cancer growth inhibition. However, PRMT5 is involved in multiple cellular processes, thus determining its mechanism of action is challenging. While past reviews on PRMT5 have focused on its role in diverse cellular processes and past research studies have focused mainly on haematological malignancies and glioblastoma, this review provides an overview of the possible biological mechanisms of action of PRMT5 inhibition and its potential as a treatment in pancreatic cancer. Abstract The overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor and its incidence is rising. Targetable mutations in PDAC are rare, thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression is associated with worse survival and inhibition of PRMT5 results in decreased cancer growth across multiple cancers, including PDAC. Emerging evidence also suggests that altered RNA processing is a driver in PDAC tumorigenesis and creates a partial dependency on this process. PRMT5 inhibition induces altered splicing and this vulnerability can be exploited as a novel therapeutic approach. Three possible biological pathways underpinning the action of PRMT5 inhibitors are discussed; c-Myc regulation appears central to its action in the PDAC setting. Whilst homozygous MTAP deletion and symmetrical dimethylation levels are associated with increased sensitivity to PRMT5 inhibition, neither measure robustly predicts its growth inhibitory response. The immunomodulatory effect of PRMT5 inhibitors on the tumour microenvironment will also be discussed, based on emerging evidence that PDAC stroma has a significant bearing on disease behaviour and response to therapy. Lastly, with the above caveats in mind, current knowledge gaps and the implications and rationales for PRMT5 inhibitor development in PDAC will be explored.
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19
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Chiu SC, Huang YRJ, Wei TYW, Chen JMM, Kuo YC, Huang YTJ, Liao YTA, Yu CTR. The PRMT5/HURP axis retards Golgi repositioning by stabilizing acetyl-tubulin and Golgi apparatus during cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1033-1043. [PMID: 34541678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) translocates to the cell leading end during directional migration, thereby determining cell polarity and transporting essential factors to the migration apparatus. The study provides mechanistic insights into how GA repositioning (GR) is regulated. We show that the methyltransferase PRMT5 methylates the microtubule regulator HURP at R122. The HURP methylation mimicking mutant 122F impairs GR and cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that HURP 122F or endogenous methylated HURP, that is, HURP m122, interacts with acetyl-tubulin. Overexpression of HURP 122F stabilizes the bundling pattern of acetyl-tubulin by decreasing the sensitivity of the latter to a microtubule disrupting agent nocodazole. HURP 122F also rigidifies GA via desensitizing the organelle to several GA disrupting chemicals. Similarly, the acetyl-tubulin mimicking mutant 40Q or tubulin acetyltransferase αTAT1 can rigidify GA, impair GR, and retard cell migration. Reversal of HURP 122F-induced GA rigidification, by knocking down GA assembly factors such as GRASP65 or GM130, attenuates 122F-triggered GR and cell migration. Remarkably, PRMT5 is found downregulated and the level of HURP m122 is decreased during the early hours of wound healing-based cell migration, collectively implying that the PRMT5-HURP-acetyl-tubulin axis plays the role of brake, preventing GR and cell migration before cells reach empty space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Jenny Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Amber Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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20
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Veepaschit J, Viswanathan A, Bordonné R, Grimm C, Fischer U. Identification and structural analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe SMN complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7207-7223. [PMID: 33754639 PMCID: PMC8287938 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The macromolecular SMN complex facilitates the formation of Sm-class ribonucleoproteins involved in mRNA processing (UsnRNPs). While biochemical studies have revealed key activities of the SMN complex, its structural investigation is lagging behind. Here we report on the identification and structural determination of the SMN complex from the lower eukaryote Schizosaccharomyces pombe, consisting of SMN, Gemin2, 6, 7, 8 and Sm proteins. The core of the SMN complex is formed by several copies of SMN tethered through its C-terminal alpha-helices arranged with alternating polarity. This creates a central platform onto which Gemin8 binds and recruits Gemins 6 and 7. The N-terminal parts of the SMN molecules extrude via flexible linkers from the core and enable binding of Gemin2 and Sm proteins. Our data identify the SMN complex as a multivalent hub where Sm proteins are collected in its periphery to allow their joining with UsnRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotishman Veepaschit
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Aravindan Viswanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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21
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Protein arginine methylation: from enigmatic functions to therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:509-530. [PMID: 33742187 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets. PRMTs regulate transcription, splicing, RNA biology, the DNA damage response and cell metabolism; these fundamental processes are altered in many diseases. Mechanistically understanding how these enzymes fuel and sustain cancer cells, especially in specific metabolic contexts or in the presence of certain mutations, has provided the rationale for targeting them in oncology. Ongoing inhibitor development, facilitated by structural biology, has generated tool compounds for the majority of PRMTs and enabled clinical programmes for the most advanced oncology targets, PRMT1 and PRMT5. In-depth mechanistic investigations using genetic and chemical tools continue to delineate the roles of PRMTs in regulating immune cells and cancer cells, and cardiovascular and neuronal function, and determine which pathways involving PRMTs could be synergistically targeted in combination therapies for cancer. This research is enhancing our knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation, will guide future clinical development and could identify new clinical indications.
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22
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Schmitz K, Cox J, Esser LM, Voss M, Sander K, Löffler A, Hillebrand F, Erkelenz S, Schaal H, Kähne T, Klinker S, Zhang T, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D, Seggewiß S, Schlütermann D, Stork B, Grimmler M, Wesselborg S, Peter C. An essential role of the autophagy activating kinase ULK1 in snRNP biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6437-6455. [PMID: 34096600 PMCID: PMC8216288 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of small uridine-rich nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs) depends on the methylation of Sm proteins catalyzed by the methylosome and the subsequent action of the SMN complex, which assembles the heptameric Sm protein ring onto small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). In this sophisticated process, the methylosome subunit pICln (chloride conductance regulatory protein) is attributed to an exceptional key position as an 'assembly chaperone' by building up a stable precursor Sm protein ring structure. Here, we show that-apart from its autophagic role-the Ser/Thr kinase ULK1 (Uncoordinated [unc-51] Like Kinase 1) functions as a novel key regulator in UsnRNP biogenesis by phosphorylation of the C-terminus of pICln. As a consequence, phosphorylated pICln is no longer capable to hold up the precursor Sm ring structure. Consequently, inhibition of ULK1 results in a reduction of efficient UsnRNP core assembly. Thus ULK1, depending on its complex formation, exerts different functions in autophagy or snRNP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmitz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Cox
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Marie Esser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Sander
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antje Löffler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Hillebrand
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Erkelenz
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Insitute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klinker
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Seggewiß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Schlütermann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Grimmler
- Hochschule Fresenius, Idstein, Germany
- DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Alte Strasse 9, 65558 Holzheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wesselborg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Schilling M, Prusty AB, Boysen B, Oppermann FS, Riedel YL, Husedzinovic A, Rasouli H, König A, Ramanathan P, Reymann J, Erfle H, Daub H, Fischer U, Gruss OJ. TOR signaling regulates liquid phase separation of the SMN complex governing snRNP biogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109277. [PMID: 34161763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the SMN complex in promoting the assembly of pre-mRNA processing UsnRNPs correlates with condensation of the complex in nuclear Cajal bodies. While mechanistic details of its activity have been elucidated, the molecular basis for condensation remains unclear. High SMN complex phosphorylation suggests extensive regulation. Here, we report on systematic siRNA-based screening for modulators of the capacity of SMN to condense in Cajal bodies and identify mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 as key regulators. Proteomic analysis reveals TOR-dependent phosphorylations in SMN complex subunits. Using stably expressed or optogenetically controlled phospho mutants, we demonstrate that serine 49 and 63 phosphorylation of human SMN controls the capacity of the complex to condense in Cajal bodies via liquid-liquid phase separation. Our findings link SMN complex condensation and UsnRNP biogenesis to cellular energy levels and suggest modulation of TOR signaling as a rational concept for therapy of the SMN-linked neuromuscular disorder spinal muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schilling
- Institut für Genetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Archana B Prusty
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Björn Boysen
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yannick L Riedel
- Institut für Genetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alma Husedzinovic
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Homa Rasouli
- Evotec SE, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika König
- Institut für Genetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pradhipa Ramanathan
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Reymann
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant Centre, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant Centre, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Daub
- Evotec SE, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Institut für Genetik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Cai C, Gu S, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Yuan B, Shen L, Yang B, Feng X. PRMT5 Enables Robust STAT3 Activation via Arginine Symmetric Dimethylation of SMAD7. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003047. [PMID: 34026434 PMCID: PMC8132155 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of protein substrates at the arginine residues. Emerging evidence reveals that PRMT5 is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and cancer development. However, the exact role of PRMT5 in human lung cancer cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely elusive. Here, it is shown that PRMT5 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the Smad7-STAT3 axis. Depletion or inhibition of PRMT5 dramatically dampens STAT3 activation and thus suppresses the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, depletion of Smad7 blocks PRMT5-mediated STAT3 activation. Mechanistically, PRMT5 binds to and methylates Smad7 on Arg-57, enhances Smad7 binding to IL-6 co-receptor gp130, and consequently ensures robust STAT3 activation. The findings position PRMT5 as a critical regulator of STAT3 activation, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Cai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - HanChenxi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Bo Yuan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Bing Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xin‐Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009China
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25
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Gill AL, Premasiri AS, Vieira FG. Hypothesis and Theory: Roles of Arginine Methylation in C9orf72-Mediated ALS and FTD. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:633668. [PMID: 33833668 PMCID: PMC8021787 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.633668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion (G4C2n) mutations in the gene C9ORF72 account for approximately 30% of familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as approximately 7% of sporadic cases of ALS. G4C2n mutations are known to result in the production of five species of dipeptide repeat proteins (DRPs) through non-canonical translation processes. Arginine-enriched dipeptide repeat proteins, glycine-arginine (polyGR), and proline-arginine (polyPR) have been demonstrated to be cytotoxic and deleterious in multiple experimental systems. Recently, we and others have implicated methylation of polyGR/polyPR arginine residues in disease processes related to G4C2n mutation-mediated neurodegeneration. We previously reported that inhibition of asymmetric dimethylation (ADMe) of arginine residues is protective in cell-based models of polyGR/polyPR cytotoxicity. These results are consistent with the idea that PRMT-mediated arginine methylation in the context of polyGR/polyPR exposure is harmful. However, it remains unclear why. Here we discuss the influence of arginine methylation on diverse cellular processes including liquid-liquid phase separation, chromatin remodeling, transcription, RNA processing, and RNA-binding protein localization, and we consider how methylation of polyGR/polyPR may disrupt processes essential for normal cellular function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gill
- ALS Therapy Development Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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26
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Wong NHM, So CWE. Novel therapeutic strategies for MLL-rearranged leukemias. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194584. [PMID: 32534041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MLL rearrangement is one of the key drivers and generally regarded as an independent poor prognostic marker in acute leukemias. The standard of care for MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias has remained largely unchanged for the past 50 years despite unsatisfying clinical outcomes, so there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that a vast number of epigenetic regulators are directly or indirectly involved in MLL-r leukemia, and they are responsible for supporting the aberrant gene expression program mediated by MLL-fusions. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications can be reversed by pharmacologic targeting of the responsible epigenetic regulators. This leads to significant interest in developing epigenetic therapies for MLL-r leukemia. Intriguingly, many of the epigenetic enzymes also involve in DNA damage response (DDR), which can be potential targets for synthetic lethality-induced therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the recent advances in the development of epigenetic and DDR therapeutics by targeting epigenetic regulators or protein complexes that mediate MLL-r leukemia gene expression program and key players in DDR that safeguard essential genome integrity. The rationale and molecular mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects will also be discussed with a focus on how these treatments can disrupt MLL-fusion mediated transcriptional programs and impair DDR, which may help overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nok-Hei Mickey Wong
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Team, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Team, King's College London, London, UK.
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27
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Bucholc K, Aik WS, Yang XC, Wang K, Zhou ZH, Dadlez M, Marzluff WF, Tong L, Dominski Z. Composition and processing activity of a semi-recombinant holo U7 snRNP. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1508-1530. [PMID: 31819999 PMCID: PMC7026596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs are cleaved at the 3' end by U7 snRNP consisting of two core components: a ∼60-nucleotide U7 snRNA and a ring of seven proteins, with Lsm10 and Lsm11 replacing the spliceosomal SmD1 and SmD2. Lsm11 interacts with FLASH and together they recruit the endonuclease CPSF73 and other polyadenylation factors, forming catalytically active holo U7 snRNP. Here, we assembled core U7 snRNP bound to FLASH from recombinant components and analyzed its appearance by electron microscopy and ability to support histone pre-mRNA processing in the presence of polyadenylation factors from nuclear extracts. We demonstrate that semi-recombinant holo U7 snRNP reconstituted in this manner has the same composition and functional properties as endogenous U7 snRNP, and accurately cleaves histone pre-mRNAs in a reconstituted in vitro processing reaction. We also demonstrate that the U7-specific Sm ring assembles efficiently in vitro on a spliceosomal Sm site but the engineered U7 snRNP is functionally impaired. This approach offers a unique opportunity to study the importance of various regions in the Sm proteins and U7 snRNA in 3' end processing of histone pre-mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bucholc
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wei Shen Aik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiao-Cui Yang
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaituo Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - William F Marzluff
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zbigniew Dominski
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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28
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Liu Z, Ramachandran J, Vokes SA, Gray RS. Regulation of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in Prmt5 mutant mice modeling infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041251. [PMID: 31848143 PMCID: PMC6955203 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common type of musculoskeletal defect affecting children worldwide, and is classified by age of onset, location and degree of spine curvature. Although rare, IS with onset during infancy is the more severe and rapidly progressive form of the disease, associated with increased mortality due to significant respiratory compromise. The pathophysiology of IS, in particular for infantile IS, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the role of PRMT5 in the infantile IS phenotype in mouse. Conditional genetic ablation of PRMT5 in osteochondral progenitors results in impaired terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and asymmetric defects of endochondral bone formation in the perinatal spine. Analysis of these several markers of endochondral ossification revealed increased type X collagen (COLX) and Ihh expression, coupled with a dramatic reduction in Mmp13 and RUNX2 expression, in the vertebral growth plate and in regions of the intervertebral disc in the Prmt5 conditional mutant mice. We also demonstrate that PRMT5 has a continuous role in the intervertebral disc and vertebral growth plate in adult mice. Altogether, our results establish PRMT5 as a critical promoter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral bone formation during spine development and homeostasis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of Prmt5 in osteochondral progenitors impairs terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, leading to defects in endochondral bone formation and models infantile idiopathic scoliosis in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Janani Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 2500 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 2500 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78723, USA .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, 200 W 24th Street, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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29
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Chen TH, Chen JA. Multifaceted roles of microRNAs: From motor neuron generation in embryos to degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy. eLife 2019; 8:50848. [PMID: 31738166 PMCID: PMC6861003 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two crucial questions in neuroscience are how neurons establish individual identity in the developing nervous system and why only specific neuron subtypes are vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system, spinal motor neurons serve as one of the best-characterized cell types for addressing these two questions. In this review, we dissect these questions by evaluating the emerging role of regulatory microRNAs in motor neuron generation in developing embryos and their potential contributions to neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Given recent promising results from novel microRNA-based medicines, we discuss the potential applications of microRNAs for clinical assessments of SMA disease progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Heng Chen
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-An Chen
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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31
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Zhu J, Zhang D, Liu X, Yu G, Cai X, Xu C, Rong F, Ouyang G, Wang J, Xiao W. Zebrafish prmt5 arginine methyltransferase is essential for germ cell development. Development 2019; 146:dev.179572. [PMID: 31533925 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5), a type II arginine methyltransferase, symmetrically dimethylates arginine in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Prmt5 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, cellular differentiation, germ cell development and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which prmt5 influences cellular processes have remained unclear. Here, prmt5 loss in zebrafish led to the expression of an infertile male phenotype due to a reduction in germ cell number, an increase in germ cell apoptosis and the failure of gonads to differentiate into normal testes or ovaries. Moreover, arginine methylation of the germ cell-specific proteins Zili and Vasa, as well as histones H3 (H3R8me2s) and H4 (H4R3me2s), was reduced in the gonads of prmt5-null zebrafish. This resulted in the downregulation of several Piwi pathway proteins, including Zili, and Vasa. In addition, various genes related to meiosis, gonad development and sexual differentiation were dysregulated in the gonads of prmt5-null zebrafish. Our results revealed a novel mechanism associated with prmt5, i.e. prmt5 apparently controls germ cell development in vertebrates by catalyzing arginine methylation of the germline-specific proteins Zili and Vasa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjing Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,The Key of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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32
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Desterro J, Bak-Gordon P, Carmo-Fonseca M. Targeting mRNA processing as an anticancer strategy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:112-129. [PMID: 31554928 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in the past decade have highlighted the potential of mRNA as a therapeutic target for cancer. Specifically, RNA sequencing revealed that, in addition to gene mutations, alterations in mRNA can contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Indeed, precursor mRNA processing, which includes the removal of introns by splicing and the formation of 3' ends by cleavage and polyadenylation, is frequently altered in tumours. These alterations result in numerous cancer-specific mRNAs that generate altered levels of normal proteins or proteins with new functions, leading to the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes. Abnormally spliced and polyadenylated mRNAs are also associated with resistance to cancer treatment and, unexpectedly, certain cancers are highly sensitive to the pharmacological inhibition of splicing. This Review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of how splicing and polyadenylation are altered in cancer and highlights how this knowledge has been translated for drug discovery, resulting in the production of small molecules and oligonucleotides that modulate the spliceosome and are in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Desterro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Serviço de Hematologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bak-Gordon
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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33
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Fong JY, Pignata L, Goy PA, Kawabata KC, Lee SCW, Koh CM, Musiani D, Massignani E, Kotini AG, Penson A, Wun CM, Shen Y, Schwarz M, Low DH, Rialdi A, Ki M, Wollmann H, Mzoughi S, Gay F, Thompson C, Hart T, Barbash O, Luciani GM, Szewczyk MM, Wouters BJ, Delwel R, Papapetrou EP, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Arrowsmith CH, Minden MD, Jin J, Melnick A, Bonaldi T, Abdel-Wahab O, Guccione E. Therapeutic Targeting of RNA Splicing Catalysis through Inhibition of Protein Arginine Methylation. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:194-209.e9. [PMID: 31408619 PMCID: PMC7194031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mutations in genes encoding RNA splicing factors (SFs) commonly occur in leukemias, as well as in a variety of solid tumors, and confer dependence on wild-type splicing. These observations have led to clinical efforts to directly inhibit the spliceosome in patients with refractory leukemias. Here, we identify that inhibiting symmetric or asymmetric dimethylation of arginine, mediated by PRMT5 and type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), respectively, reduces splicing fidelity and results in preferential killing of SF-mutant leukemias over wild-type counterparts. These data identify genetic subsets of cancer most likely to respond to PRMT inhibition, synergistic effects of combined PRMT5 and type I PRMT inhibition, and a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic efficacy of PRMT inhibition in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Catalysis
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacokinetics
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- RNA Splicing/drug effects
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- THP-1 Cells
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Luca Pignata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Pierre-Alexis Goy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Stanley Chun-Wei Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cheryl M Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Daniele Musiani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Massignani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Andriana G Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cheng Mun Wun
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Hp Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Alexander Rialdi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Ki
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Florence Gay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | - Timothy Hart
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Genna M Luciani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bas J Wouters
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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34
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The regulation, functions and clinical relevance of arginine methylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:642-657. [PMID: 31350521 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction cascades, the DNA damage response and liquid-liquid phase separation. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of experimental tools and the identification of clinically relevant PRMT inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the regulation of PRMTs, their various cellular roles and the clinical relevance of PRMT inhibitors for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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35
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Suresh L, Kanade SR. Curcumin ameliorates PRMT5-MEP50 arginine methyltransferase expression by decreasing the Sp1 and NF-YA transcription factors in the A549 and MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 455:73-90. [PMID: 30392062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its catalytic partner methylosome protein MEP50 (WDR77) catalyse the mono- and symmetric di-methylation of selective arginines in various histones and non-histone target proteins. It has emerged as a crucial epigenetic regulator in cell proliferation and differentiation; which also reported to be overexpressed in many forms of cancers in humans. In this study, we aimed to assess the modulations in the expression of this enzyme upon exposure to the well-studied natural compound from the spice turmeric, curcumin. We exposed the lung and breast cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) to curcumin (2 and 20 μM) and observed a highly significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50. The level of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) in multiple proteins, and more specifically, the H4R3me2s mark (which predominates in GC-rich motifs in nucleosomal DNA) was also diminished significantly. We also found that curcumin significantly reduced the level and enrichment of the transcription factors Sp1 and NF-YA which shares their binding sites within the GC-rich region of the PRMT5 proximal promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of both PKC-p38-ERK-cFos and AKT-mTOR signalling was observed in reducing the Sp1 and NF-YA expression by curcumin. Therefore, we propose curcumin decreased the expression of PRMT5 in these cells by affecting at least these two transcription factors. Altogether, we report a new molecular target of curcumin and further elucidation of this proposed mechanism through which curcumin affects the PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase expression might be explored for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Telangana, 500046, India.
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36
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Chaytow H, Huang YT, Gillingwater TH, Faller KME. The role of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) in protein homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3877-3894. [PMID: 29872871 PMCID: PMC6182345 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein was identified as the direct cause of the childhood inherited neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy, significant efforts have been made to reveal the molecular functions of this ubiquitously expressed protein. Resulting research demonstrated that SMN plays important roles in multiple fundamental cellular homeostatic pathways, including a well-characterised role in the assembly of the spliceosome and biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins. More recent studies have shown that SMN is also involved in other housekeeping processes, including mRNA trafficking and local translation, cytoskeletal dynamics, endocytosis and autophagy. Moreover, SMN has been shown to influence mitochondria and bioenergetic pathways as well as regulate function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this review, we summarise these diverse functions of SMN, confirming its key role in maintenance of the homeostatic environment of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Chaytow
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kiterie M E Faller
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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37
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Iyer CC, Corlett KM, Massoni-Laporte A, Duque SI, Madabusi N, Tisdale S, McGovern VL, Le TT, Zaworski PG, Arnold WD, Pellizzoni L, Burghes AHM. Mild SMN missense alleles are only functional in the presence of SMN2 in mammals. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3404-3416. [PMID: 29982416 PMCID: PMC6140769 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of full-length SMN (FL-SMN). In SMA patients with one or two copies of the Survival Motor Neuron 2 (SMN2) gene there are a number of SMN missense mutations that result in milder-than-predicted SMA phenotypes. These mild SMN missense mutation alleles are often assumed to have partial function. However, it is important to consider the contribution of FL-SMN as these missense alleles never occur in the absence of SMN2. We propose that these patients contain a partially functional oligomeric SMN complex consisting of FL-SMN from SMN2 and mutant SMN protein produced from the missense allele. Here we show that mild SMN missense mutations SMND44V, SMNT74I or SMNQ282A alone do not rescue mice lacking wild-type FL-SMN. Thus, missense mutations are not functional in the absence of FL-SMN. In contrast, when the same mild SMN missense mutations are expressed in a mouse containing two SMN2 copies, functional SMN complexes are formed with the small amount of wild-type FL-SMN produced by SMN2 and the SMA phenotype is completely rescued. This contrasts with SMN missense alleles when studied in C. elegans, Drosophila and zebrafish. Here we demonstrate that the heteromeric SMN complex formed with FL-SMN is functional and sufficient to rescue small nuclear ribonucleoprotein assembly, motor neuron function and rescue the SMA mice. We conclude that mild SMN missense alleles are not partially functional but rather they are completely non-functional in the absence of wild-type SMN in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra C Iyer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Corlett
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aurélie Massoni-Laporte
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandra I Duque
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Narasimhan Madabusi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Tisdale
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicki L McGovern
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thanh T Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur H M Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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38
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Bonday ZQ, Cortez GS, Grogan MJ, Antonysamy S, Weichert K, Bocchinfuso WP, Li F, Kennedy S, Li B, Mader MM, Arrowsmith CH, Brown PJ, Eram MS, Szewczyk MM, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Vedadi M, Guccione E, Campbell RM. LLY-283, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Arginine Methyltransferase 5, PRMT5, with Antitumor Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:612-617. [PMID: 30034588 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of symmetric dimethylarginine in a number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Although the cellular functions of PRMT5 have not been fully unraveled, it has been implicated in a number of cellular processes like RNA processing, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. PRMT5 is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues and its expression has been shown to be elevated in several cancers including breast cancer, gastric cancer, glioblastoma, and lymphoma. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel and selective PRMT5 inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo activity. Compound 1 (also called LLY-283) inhibited PRMT5 enzymatic activity in vitro and in cells with IC50 of 22 ± 3 and 25 ± 1 nM, respectively, while its diastereomer, compound 2 (also called LLY-284), was much less active. Compound 1 also showed antitumor activity in mouse xenografts when dosed orally and can serve as an excellent probe molecule for understanding the biological function of PRMT5 in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Q. Bonday
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Guillermo S. Cortez
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael J. Grogan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Stephen Antonysamy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Ken Weichert
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Wayne P. Bocchinfuso
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Steven Kennedy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Binghui Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Mary M. Mader
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, MaRS South Tower, Suite 707, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mohammad S. Eram
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | | | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Robert M. Campbell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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39
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Thompson LW, Morrison KD, Shirran SL, Groen EJN, Gillingwater TH, Botting CH, Sleeman JE. Neurochondrin interacts with the SMN protein suggesting a novel mechanism for spinal muscular atrophy pathology. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.211482. [PMID: 29507115 PMCID: PMC5963842 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.211482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition caused by a reduction in the amount of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN has been implicated in transport of mRNA in neural cells for local translation. We previously identified microtubule-dependent mobile vesicles rich in SMN and SNRPB, a member of the Sm family of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-associated proteins, in neural cells. By comparing the interactomes of SNRPB and SNRPN, a neural-specific Sm protein, we now show that the essential neural protein neurochondrin (NCDN) interacts with Sm proteins and SMN in the context of mobile vesicles in neurites. NCDN has roles in protein localisation in neural cells and in maintenance of cell polarity. NCDN is required for the correct localisation of SMN, suggesting they may both be required for formation and transport of trafficking vesicles. NCDN may have potential as a therapeutic target for SMA together with, or in place of the targeting of SMN expression. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: The essential neural protein neurochondrin interacts with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) protein SMN in cell lines and in mice. This might be relevant to the molecular pathology of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Thompson
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, BSRC Complex, North Haugh St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Kim D Morrison
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, BSRC Complex, North Haugh St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, BSRC Complex, North Haugh St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ewout J N Groen
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Catherine H Botting
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, BSRC Complex, North Haugh St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Judith E Sleeman
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, BSRC Complex, North Haugh St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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40
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Paknia E, Chari A, Stark H, Fischer U. The Ribosome Cooperates with the Assembly Chaperone pICln to Initiate Formation of snRNPs. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3103-3112. [PMID: 27653676 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of macromolecular complexes within the crowded environment of cells often requires aid from assembly chaperones. PRMT5 and SMN complexes mediate this task for the assembly of the common core of pre-mRNA processing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). Core formation is initiated by the PRMT5-complex subunit pICln, which pre-arranges the core proteins into spatial positions occupied in the assembled snRNP. The SMN complex then accepts these pICln-bound proteins and unites them with small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Here, we have analyzed how newly synthesized snRNP proteins are channeled into the assembly pathway to evade mis-assembly. We show that they initially remain bound to the ribosome near the polypeptide exit tunnel and dissociate upon association with pICln. Coincident with its release activity, pICln ensures the formation of cognate heterooligomers and their chaperoned guidance into the assembly pathway. Our study identifies the ribosomal quality control hub as a site where chaperone-mediated assembly of macromolecular complexes can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Paknia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department for Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ashwin Chari
- Department for Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Holger Stark
- Department for Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
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Vhuiyan MI, Pak ML, Park MA, Thomas D, Lakowski TM, Chalfant CE, Frankel A. PRMT2 interacts with splicing factors and regulates the alternative splicing of BCL-X. J Biochem 2017; 162:17-25. [PMID: 28057797 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) functions in JAK-STAT and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways, serves as a nuclear receptor-dependent transcriptional co-activator, and represses NF-κB and E2F1 transcription factor activities to promote apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that PRMT2 interacts with PRMT1 and increases its activity. Here, we reveal associations using proteomics between the PRMT2 SH3 domain and splicing factors including Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa protein (SAM68), a PRMT1 substrate and trans-acting factor that mediates BCL-X alternative splicing. We determined that PRMT2 interacts with SAM68 in cells and regulates its subcellular localization via the SH3 domain of PRMT2, prompting us to investigate the potential role of PRMT2 in BCL-X alternative splicing. We found that the expression of the full-length, wildtype form of PRMT2 promotes an increase in the BCL-X(L)/BCL-X(s) ratio in TNF-α or LPS stimulated cells. These results indicate that active PRMT2 may play a role during inflammation in alternative splicing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mynol I Vhuiyan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Magnolia L Pak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Margaret A Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Dylan Thomas
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ted M Lakowski
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23224, USA.,The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Dominguez CE, Cunningham D, Chandler DS. SMN regulation in SMA and in response to stress: new paradigms and therapeutic possibilities. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1173-1191. [PMID: 28852871 PMCID: PMC6201753 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein cause the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA is a pediatric disease characterized by spinal motor neuron degeneration. SMA exhibits several levels of severity ranging from early antenatal fatality to only mild muscular weakness, and disease prognosis is related directly to the amount of functional SMN protein that a patient is able to express. Current therapies are being developed to increase the production of functional SMN protein; however, understanding the effect that natural stresses have on the production and function of SMN is of critical importance to ensuring that these therapies will have the greatest possible effect for patients. Research has shown that SMN, both on the mRNA and protein level, is highly affected by cellular stress. In this review we will summarize the research that highlights the roles of SMN in the disease process and the response of SMN to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Dominguez
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - David Cunningham
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Dawn S Chandler
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Kong GM, Yu M, Gu Z, Chen Z, Xu RM, O'Bryant D, Wang Z. Selective small-chemical inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 with anti-lung cancer activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181601. [PMID: 28806746 PMCID: PMC5555576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) plays critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. By screening a library of small chemical compounds, we identified eight compounds that selectively inhibit the PRMT5 enzymatic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 6 μM. Molecular docking simulation and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that identified compounds target the substrate-binding site in PRMT5. Treatment of lung cancer cells with identified inhibitors led to inhibition of the symmetrical arginine methylation of SmD3 and histones and the cellular proliferation. Oral administration of the inhibitor demonstrated antitumor activity in a lung tumor xenograft model. Thus, identified PRMT5-specific small-molecule inhibitors would help elucidate the biological roles of PRMT5 and serve as lead compounds for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Mei Kong
- Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongping Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Deon O'Bryant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhong J, Chen YJ, Chen L, Shen YY, Zhang QH, Yang J, Cao RX, Zu XY, Wen GB. PRMT2β, a C-terminal splice variant of PRMT2, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1303-1311. [PMID: 28677794 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported several alternative splicing variants of arginine N-methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2), which lose different exons in the C-terminals of the wild-type PRMT2 gene. Particularly, due to frame-shifting, PRMT2β encodes a novel amino acid sequence at the C-terminus of the protein, the function of which is not understood. In the present study, we determined the role of PRMT2β in breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and its effect on the Akt signaling pathway. Stable breast cancer MCF7 cell line with lentivirus-mediated PRMT2β overexpression was obtained after selection by puromycin for 2 weeks. The effect of lentivirus-mediated PRMT2β overexpression on breast cancer cellular oncogenic properties was evaluated by MTT, colony formation, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays in MCF7 cells. Luciferase activity assay and western blot analysis were performed to characterize the effects of PRMT2β on cyclin D1 promoter activities and the Akt signaling pathway. Tissue microarray was performed to investigate the association of PRMT2β with breast cancer progression. Lentivirus-mediated PRMT2β overexpression suppressed the cell proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer MCF7 cells. PRMT2β overexpression induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of MCF7 cells. Furthermore, PRMT2β was revealed to suppress the transcription activity of the cyclin D1 promoter, and PRMT2β was also found to inhibit cyclin D1 expression via the suppression of Akt/GSK-3β signaling in breast cancer cells. Clinically, it was revealed that PRMT2β expression was negatively correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (p=0.033) in breast tumors. Our results revealed that PRMT2β, a novel splice variant of PRMT2, plays potential antitumor effect by suppressing cyclin D1 expression and inhibiting Akt signaling activity. This also opens a new avenue for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Xian Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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45
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Prusty AB, Meduri R, Prusty BK, Vanselow J, Schlosser A, Fischer U. Impaired spliceosomal UsnRNP assembly leads to Sm mRNA down-regulation and Sm protein degradation. J Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28637748 PMCID: PMC5551706 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular spliceosomal UsnRNP assembly is assisted by the PRMT5 and SMN complexes. Prusty et al. demonstrate that perturbations in the assembly machinery of UsnRNPs trigger complex cellular responses, using ribosomes, exosome-mediated RNA degradation, and autophagy to prevent Sm protein aggregation. Specialized assembly factors facilitate the formation of many macromolecular complexes in vivo. The formation of Sm core structures of spliceosomal U-rich small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (UsnRNPs) requires assembly factors united in protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and survival motor neuron (SMN) complexes. We demonstrate that perturbations of this assembly machinery trigger complex cellular responses that prevent aggregation of unassembled Sm proteins. Inactivation of the SMN complex results in the initial tailback of Sm proteins on the PRMT5 complex, followed by down-regulation of their encoding mRNAs. In contrast, reduction of pICln, a PRMT5 complex subunit, leads to the retention of newly synthesized Sm proteins on ribosomes and their subsequent lysosomal degradation. Overexpression of Sm proteins under these conditions results in a surplus of Sm proteins over pICln, promoting their aggregation. Our studies identify an elaborate safeguarding system that prevents individual Sm proteins from aggregating, contributing to cellular UsnRNP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajyalakshmi Meduri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bhupesh Kumar Prusty
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany .,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Huang S, Balgi A, Pan Y, Li M, Zhang X, Du L, Zhou M, Roberge M, Li X. Identification of Methylosome Components as Negative Regulators of Plant Immunity Using Chemical Genetics. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1620-1633. [PMID: 27756575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. To identify components required for NLR-mediated immunity, we designed and carried out a chemical genetics screen to search for small molecules that can alter immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. From 13 600 compounds, we identified Ro 8-4304 that was able to specifically suppress the severe autoimmune phenotypes of chs3-2D (chilling sensitive 3, 2D), including the arrested growth morphology and heightened PR (Pathogenesis Related) gene expression. Further, six Ro 8-4304 insensitive mutants were uncovered from the Ro 8-4304-insensitive mutant (rim) screen using a mutagenized chs3-2D population. Positional cloning revealed that rim1 encodes an allele of AtICln (I, currents; Cl, chloride; n, nucleotide). Genetic and biochemical analysis demonstrated that AtICln is in the same protein complex with the methylosome components small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3b (SmD3b) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which are required for the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) involved in mRNA splicing. Double mutant analysis revealed that SmD3b is also involved in the sensitivity to Ro 8-4304, and the prmt5-1 chs3-2D double mutant is lethal. Loss of AtICln, SmD3b, or PRMT5 function results in enhanced disease resistance against the virulent oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2, suggesting that mRNA splicing plays a previously unknown negative role in plant immunity. The successful implementation of a high-throughput chemical genetic screen and the identification of a small-molecule compound affecting plant immunity indicate that chemical genetics is a powerful tool to study whole-organism plant defense pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aruna Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yaping Pan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lilin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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47
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Norrie JL, Li Q, Co S, Huang BL, Ding D, Uy JC, Ji Z, Mackem S, Bedford MT, Galli A, Ji H, Vokes SA. PRMT5 is essential for the maintenance of chondrogenic progenitor cells in the limb bud. Development 2016; 143:4608-4619. [PMID: 27827819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, undifferentiated progenitor cells balance the generation of additional progenitor cells with differentiation. Within the developing limb, cartilage cells differentiate from mesodermal progenitors in an ordered process that results in the specification of the correct number of appropriately sized skeletal elements. The internal pathways by which these cells maintain an undifferentiated state while preserving their capacity to differentiate is unknown. Here, we report that the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 has a crucial role in maintaining progenitor cells. Mouse embryonic buds lacking PRMT5 have severely truncated bones with wispy digits lacking joints. This novel phenotype is caused by widespread cell death that includes mesodermal progenitor cells that have begun to precociously differentiate into cartilage cells. We propose that PRMT5 maintains progenitor cells through its regulation of Bmp4 Intriguingly, adult and embryonic stem cells also require PRMT5 for maintaining pluripotency, suggesting that similar mechanisms might regulate lineage-restricted progenitor cells during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Norrie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Swanie Co
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bau-Lin Huang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jann C Uy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan Mackem
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1C (P.O. Box 389), Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E3638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Francisco-Velilla R, Fernandez-Chamorro J, Ramajo J, Martinez-Salas E. The RNA-binding protein Gemin5 binds directly to the ribosome and regulates global translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8335-51. [PMID: 27507887 PMCID: PMC5041490 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in all organisms. The protein Gemin5 harbors two functional domains. The N-terminal domain binds to snRNAs targeting them for snRNPs assembly, while the C-terminal domain binds to IRES elements through a non-canonical RNA-binding site. Here we report a comprehensive view of the Gemin5 interactome; most partners copurified with the N-terminal domain via RNA bridges. Notably, Gemin5 sediments with the subcellular ribosome fraction, and His-Gemin5 binds to ribosome particles via its N-terminal domain. The interaction with the ribosome was lost in F381A and Y474A Gemin5 mutants, but not in W14A and Y15A. Moreover, the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 bind directly with Gemin5, and conversely, Gemin5 mutants impairing the binding to the ribosome are defective in the interaction with L3 and L4. The overall polysome profile was affected by Gemin5 depletion or overexpression, concomitant to an increase or a decrease, respectively, of global protein synthesis. Gemin5, and G5-Nter as well, were detected on the polysome fractions. These results reveal the ribosome-binding capacity of the N-ter moiety, enabling Gemin5 to control global protein synthesis. Our study uncovers a crosstalk between this protein and the ribosome, and provides support for the view that Gemin5 may control translation elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Ramajo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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49
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Saint-Marc B, Elie C, Manens L, Tack K, Benderitter M, Gueguen Y, Ibanez C. Chronic uranium contamination alters spinal motor neuron integrity via modulation of SMN1 expression and microglia recruitment. Toxicol Lett 2016; 254:37-44. [PMID: 27153795 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Consequences of uranium contamination have been extensively studied in brain as cognitive function impairments were observed in rodents. Locomotor disturbances have also been described in contaminated animals. Epidemiological studies have revealed increased risk of motor neuron diseases in veterans potentially exposed to uranium during their military duties. To our knowledge, biological response of spinal cord to uranium contamination has not been studied even though it has a crucial role in locomotion. Four groups of rats were contaminated with increasing concentrations of uranium in their drinking water compared to a control group to study cellular mechanisms involved in locomotor disorders. Nissl staining of spinal cord sections revealed the presence of chromatolytic neurons in the ventral horn. This observation was correlated with a decreased number of motor neurons in the highly contaminated group and a decrease of SMN1 protein expression (Survival of Motor Neuron 1). While contamination impairs motor neuron integrity, an increasing number of microglial cells indicates the trigger of a neuroinflammation process. Potential overexpression of a microglial recruitment chemokine, MCP-1 (Monocyte Chimioattractant Protein 1), by motor neurons themselves could mediate this process. Studies on spinal cord appear to be relevant for risk assessment of population exposed via contaminated food and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Saint-Marc
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Line Manens
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Yann Gueguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Chrystelle Ibanez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire, Pôle Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP17, 92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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50
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Recruitment of the NineTeen Complex to the activated spliceosome requires AtPRMT5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5447-52. [PMID: 27114555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522458113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is involved in a multitude of biological processes in eukaryotes. Symmetric arginine dimethylation mediated by PRMT5 modulates constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing of diverse genes to regulate normal growth and development in multiple species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. A genetic screen for suppressors of an Arabidopsis symmetric arginine dimethyltransferase mutant, atprmt5, identified two gain-of-function alleles of pre-mRNA processing factor 8 gene (prp8-8 and prp8-9), the highly conserved core component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and the spliceosome. These two atprmt5 prp8 double mutants showed suppression of the developmental and splicing alterations of atprmt5 mutants. In atprmt5 mutants, the NineTeen complex failed to be assembled into the U5 snRNP to form an activated spliceosome; this phenotype was restored in the atprmt5 prp8-8 double mutants. We also found that loss of symmetric arginine dimethylation of Sm proteins prevents recruitment of the NineTeen complex and initiation of spliceosome activation. Together, our findings demonstrate that symmetric arginine dimethylation has important functions in spliceosome assembly and activation, and uncover a key molecular mechanism for arginine methylation in pre-mRNA splicing that impacts diverse developmental processes.
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