1
|
Dhamayanti AS, Rahmad R, Rachmawati S, Waranugraha Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Nordic walking for chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction. PM R 2024. [PMID: 39215750 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nordic walking (NW) has been reported to be beneficial in various chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine whether NW improves function in patients with heart failure (HF) with low left ventricular ejection fraction more than conventional cardiac rehabilitation or usual care. METHODS Systematic literature searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were conducted. According to patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) principles, a stepwise selection process was completed to identify eligible studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled effects were determined using a random effect analysis model for the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 282 participants from four RCTs were included. The improvement of peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) was greater in the NW group than in the control group (mean difference [MD] = 2.18 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-3.01; p < .01). The improvement of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance was also greater in the NW group than in the control group (MD = 16.51 meters; 95% CI = 3.23-29.80; p = .01). CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the benefits of NW training in patients with chronic HF, particularly those with systolic dysfunction. Specifically, NW walking was associated with increased peak VO2 and 6MWT improvement compared to conventional cardiac rehabilitation or usual care. These results suggest that NW may be a useful component of cardiac rehabilitation. However, additional larger studies with a wider range of patients are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Syavitri Dhamayanti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rahmad Rahmad
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Samiah Rachmawati
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Waranugraha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hauser C, Lona G, Köchli S, Streese L, Infanger D, Faude O, Hanssen H. Subcutaneous advanced glycation end products, cardiovascular risk factors and vascular health during childhood development in a Swiss population. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1371618. [PMID: 39100277 PMCID: PMC11294521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1371618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Skin-derived advanced glycation end products (sAGEs) have been associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality in adults. We hypothesize that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index (BMI) and vascular health are associated with development of sAGEs during childhood. Methods In our prospective cohort study, 1171 children aged 6-8 years were screened for sAGEs, BMI, retinal arteriolar diameters (CRAE) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), using standardized procedures. To determine CRF a 20 m shuttle run was performed. After four 4 years, all parameters were assessed in 675 children using the same protocols. Results Higher initial CRF levels were significantly associated with lower sAGEs (β [95 CI] -0.02 [-0.03 to -0.002] au, p = 0.022) levels at follow-up, although they showed a greater change from baseline to follow-up (β [95 CI] 0.02 [0.002 to 0.03] au, p = 0.027). Moreover, individuals with higher sAGEs at baseline showed narrower CRAE (β [95% CI] -5.42 [-8.76 to -2.08] μm, p = 0.001) at follow-up and showed a greater change in CRAE (β [95% CI] -3.99 [-7.03 to -0.96] μm, p = 0.010) from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion Exercise and higher CRF may help mitigate the formation of AGEs during childhood, thereby reducing the risk for development of CV disease associated with AGEs-induced damage. Preventive strategies may need to target CRF early in life to achieve improvement of CV risk factors and may counteract the development of CV disease later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Fang R, Huang L, Zhou L, Liu H, Cai M, Sha’aban A, Yu C, Akkaif MA. Acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Complementary Approach for Cardiovascular Health. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3459-3473. [PMID: 39050695 PMCID: PMC11268752 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s476319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly prevalent in clinical settings. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the gradual acceleration of the pace of life, and the deterioration of the living environment in recent years, the incidence of CVDs is increasing annually. The prevalence of CVDs among individuals aged 50 and above is notably elevated, posing a significant risk to patients' well-being and lives. At this juncture, numerous clinical treatment choices are available for managing CVDs, with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy standing out as a practical, safe, and reliable option. Over the recent years, there has been growing acknowledgement among both medical professionals and patients. With the expanding integration of TCM in the treatment of various clinical conditions, the use of TCM in managing CVDs has gained significant attention within the medical community, potentially emerging as an efficacious approach for addressing cardiovascular diseases. This article conducts a comprehensive review of the TCM approach, particularly acupuncture, as a supplementary treatment for CVDs, highlighting its ability to effectively lower blood pressure, decrease coronary artery events, mitigate arrhythmias, and enhance cardiac function when used alongside conventional medication. The review underscores the promise of acupuncture in enhancing cardiovascular health, although variations in research methodologies necessitate standardized applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Fang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingpu Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abubakar Sha’aban
- Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chunxiang Yu
- Rehabilitation Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
- Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
KalaBarathi S, Akshaya D, Kavitha M, Jagadeeswari J. Assessing Exercise Habits of Cardiovascular Risks in Middle-Aged Adults: A Descriptive Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S2003-S2005. [PMID: 39346267 PMCID: PMC11426883 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_583_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of death among adults in our country. These illnesses primarily affect metropolitan populations, particularly in major cities. To prevent these diseases, efforts have focused on identifying and controlling cardiovascular risk factors such sedentary lifestyle. Aim The study aimed to assess the exercise habits of cardiovascular risks middle-aged adults. Materials and Methods The research approach used in this study was quantitative approach with descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Totally 60 cardiovascular patients were recruited from Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Thandalam, Chennai. Data were gathered by using structured questionnaires and risk score calculator. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The above Table 1 shows that 59 (98.33%) had moderate level of physical activity and 1 (1.67%) had high level of physical activity among middle-aged adults. The mean and standard deviation of physical activity among middle-aged adults was 62.26 ± 5.92. The median was 62.0 with minimum score of 38.0 and maximum score of 73.0. The demographic variable age (χ 2 = 6.610, P = 0.037) had statistically significant association with level of physical activity among middle-aged adults at P < 0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with level of physical activity among middle-aged adults. Conclusion Physical activity promotion and support should be a global priority because of the health benefits it provides for adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S KalaBarathi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Akshaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Jagadeeswari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chhabra B, Nazlıgül MD, Szabo A. Exercise addiction in team sports: A systematic literature review. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38760321 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
While regular exercise should be part of the contemporary lifestyle, many people overindulge in it to the point of losing control over their behavior. This condition is known as exercise addiction (EA). Although addiction is an individual phenomenon, and most of the over 1,000 published studies on EA look at individual exercisers, there are studies on team sports athletes, too. Theoretically, these athletes should not manifest exercise addiction, but some studies are projecting the contrary. Therefore, in this literature review, we analyze EA in team athletes. Based on four databases (PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), we located 22 articles conforming to inclusion criteria. These studies suggest a high risk of exercise addiction among team sports participants. While the figures are lower than for individual exercisers, they are in discord with the concept of addiction as a dysfunction, and the lack of a single case of exercise addiction reported (to date) in team sports athletes in the academic literature. In agreement with a recent position paper, we conclude that there are substantial conceptual and measurement errors in exercise addiction research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Chhabra
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kotewitsch M, Heimer M, Schmitz B, Mooren FC. Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:311-338. [PMID: 37925072 PMCID: PMC11116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced immune surveillance, reduced inflammation, and improved overall health. While strong evidence exists that physical exercise affects the specific expression and activity of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also involved in immune system regulation, heterogeneity in individual study designs and analyzed exercise protocols exists, and a condensed list of functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs with known targets in the immune system is missing from the literature. A systematic review and qualitative analysis was used to identify and categorize ncRNAs participating in immune modulation by physical exercise. Two combined approaches were used: (a) a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise immunology", (b) and a database search for microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRTarBase and DIANA-Tarbase v8) aligned with known target genes in the immune system based on the Reactome database, combined with a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise". Literature searches were based on PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus; and miRNA databases were filtered for targets validated by in vitro experimental data. Studies were eligible if they reported on exercise-based interventions in healthy humans. After duplicate removal, 95 studies were included reporting on 164 miRNAs, which were used for the qualitative synthesis. Six studies reporting on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or circular RNAs were also identified. Results were analyzed using ordering tables that included exercise modality (endurance/resistance exercise), acute or chronic interventions, as well as the consistency in reported change between studies. Evaluation criteria were defined as "validated" with 100% of ≥3 independent studies showing identical direction of regulation, "plausible" (≥80%), or "suggestive" (≥70%). For resistance exercise, upregulation of miR-206 was validated while downregulation of miR-133a appeared plausible. For endurance exercise, 15 miRNAs were categorized as validated, with 12 miRNAs being consistently elevated and 3 miRNAs being downregulated, most of them after acute exercise training. In conclusion, our approach provides evidence that miRNAs play a major role in exercise-induced effects on the innate and adaptive immune system by targeting different pathways affecting immune cell distribution, function, and trafficking as well as production of (anti-)inflammatory cytokines. miRNAs miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338 emerged as key players in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of exercise predominantly after acute bouts of endurance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kotewitsch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Melina Heimer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany.
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tardif CB, Mathieu ME, Caru M, Al-Simaani A, Girard-Bock C, Cloutier A, Stickland MK, Nuyt AM, Luu TM. HAPI Fit: An Exercise Intervention to Improve Peak Aerobic Capacity in Young Adults Born Very Preterm. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:44-52. [PMID: 37707478 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals born preterm have reduced aerobic capacity, which could be related to impaired organ development. Their capacity to improve aerobic capacity with exercise training could therefore be limited, but this remains unknown. We aimed to test an exercise intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in adults born preterm. METHODS Twenty-one very preterm and 37 full-term individuals aged 18-33 yr took part in a 14-wk supervised exercise intervention of cardiovascular, resistance, and flexibility training (two group and one individual sessions per week). Adherence and compliance to intervention were recorded. Primary outcome was change in peak oxygen consumption (peak V̇O 2 ) measured before and after the intervention. Within- and between-group differences were estimated using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Of 219 eligible individuals, 58 were enrolled and 14 participants dropped out over the course of the intervention. Among the 44 who completed the intervention, mean adherence was 82% and 66% for group and individual sessions, respectively. Compliance with training requirement varied between 71% and 100%. There was no difference in adherence between the preterm and full-term groups. Because only one preterm male met the adherence criteria, subsequent analyses were done exclusively on females. Both the term and preterm groups achieved higher peak V̇O 2 after the intervention [term = +4.2 (SD 4.3) mL·min -1 ·kg -1 , P < 0.01; preterm = +4.7 (2.9) mL·min -1 ·kg -1 , P < 0.01]. There was no between-group difference in the response to the intervention ( P = 0.729). CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and adherence to an exercise intervention are challenging. Results could indicate improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in young women born preterm after current exercise program. Adaptation of this intervention is needed for wider uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Al-Simaani
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | - Camille Girard-Bock
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | - Anik Cloutier
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CANADA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rimbach R, Pontzer H. Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23564. [PMID: 37839049 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15 adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center during a period of low activity in winter when the animals were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period of high activity when individuals were free-ranging in large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in ring-tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both species were more active and had a lower body mass in summer. Ring-tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in HDL-cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in activity were not associated with changes in markers of metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was associated with lower activity in both species, and decreased glucose in ring-tailed lemurs, but was otherwise unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring-tailed lemurs, adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or TEE in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Zhang X, Zhao L, Long J, Feng Z, Su J, Gao F, Liu J. Mitochondria as a sensor, a central hub and a biological clock in psychological stress-accelerated aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102145. [PMID: 38030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The theory that oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial free radicals leads to aging has brought mitochondria into the forefront of aging research. Psychological stress that encompasses many different experiences and exposures across the lifespan has been identified as a catalyst for accelerated aging. Mitochondria, known for their dynamic nature and adaptability, function as a highly sensitive stress sensor and central hub in the process of accelerated aging. In this review, we explore how mitochondria as sensors respond to psychological stress and contribute to the molecular processes in accelerated aging by viewing mitochondria as hormonal, mechanosensitive and immune suborganelles. This understanding of the key role played by mitochondria and their close association with accelerated aging helps us to distinguish normal aging from accelerated aging, correct misconceptions in aging studies, and develop strategies such as exercise and mitochondria-targeted nutrients and drugs for slowing down accelerated aging, and also hold promise for prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang C, Li Q, Wang X, Yu Z, Ping X, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zheng L. Cardiac Timeless Trans-Organically Regulated by miR-276 in Adipose Tissue Modulates Cardiac Function. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad064. [PMID: 38058384 PMCID: PMC10696634 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconnection between cardiac function and circadian rhythms is of great importance. While the role of the biological clock gene Timeless (Tim) in circadian rhythm has been extensively studied, its impact on cardiac function remains largely been unexplored. Previous research has provided experimental evidence for the regulation of the heart by adipose tissue and the targeting of miR-276a/b on Timeless. However, the extent to which adipose tissue regulates cardiac Timeless genes trans-organically through miR-276a/b, and subsequently affects cardiac function, remains uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential trans-organ modulation of the Timeless gene in the heart by adipose tissue through miR-276a/b. We found that cardiac-specific Timeless knockdown and overexpression resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and a significant decrease in Heart period (HP), diastolic intervals (DI), systolic intervals (SI), diastolic diameter (DD), and systolic diameter (SD). miR-276b systemic knockdown resulted in a significant increase in DI, arrhythmia index (AI), and fractional shortening (FS) significantly increased and SI, DD and SD significantly decreased. Adipose tissue-specific miR-276a/b knockdown and miR-276a overexpression resulted in a significant increase in HR and a significant decrease in DI and SI, which were improved by exercise intervention. This study presents a novel finding that highlights the significance of the heart circadian clock gene Timeless in heart function. Additionally, it demonstrates that adipose tissue exerts trans-organ modulation on the expression of the heart Timeless gene via miR-276a/b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - yi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vietheer A, Kiserud T, Ebbing C, Rajkumar H, Ariansen Haaland Ø, Lie RT, Romero R, Kessler J. Maternal physical activity affects yolk sac size and growth in early pregnancy, but girls and boys use different strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20246. [PMID: 37985885 PMCID: PMC10661167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated the impact of actigraphy-measured maternal physical activity on yolk sac size during early development. The yolk sac, a transient extraembryonic organ, plays a crucial role in embryonic development and is involved in metabolism, nutrition, growth, and hematopoiesis. Prospectively collected data from 190 healthy women indicated that their total daily physical activity, including both light and moderate-vigorous activity, was associated with yolk sac growth dynamics depending on embryonic sex and gestational age. Higher preconception maternal physical activity was linked to a larger yolk sac at 7 weeks (95% CI [0.02-0.13 mm]) and a smaller yolk sac at 10 weeks' gestation (95% CI [- 0.18 to - 0.00]) in male embryos; in female embryos, the yolk sac size was increased at 10 weeks' gestation (95% CI [0.06-0.26]) and was, on average, 24% larger than that in male embryos (95% CI [0.12-0.38]). Considering the pattern of other maternal effects on yolk sac size-e.g., body composition and sleep duration-we suggest that physiological yolk sac adaptations occur in short, sex-specific time windows and can be influenced by various maternal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vietheer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway.
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torvid Kiserud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Ebbing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hemamaalini Rajkumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jörg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal-Research Western Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun L, Yuan Y, Li Y, Rao X. Effect of liraglutide on atherosclerosis in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: A double‑blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 37153886 PMCID: PMC10160922 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis development in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). To the best of our knowledge, however, little conclusive evidence from clinical trials has been presented. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liraglutide on atherosclerosis progression in patients with IGT. The present study was a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 39 of patients aged 20-75 years who were overweight or obese (BMI, 27-40 kg/m2) and presented IGT were randomized to receive liraglutide (n=17) or lifestyle interventions (n=22) for 6 months. Serum glucose and insulin (INS) levels, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed at the start and end of each treatment. Side effects were also recorded. Liraglutide treatment was found to significantly improve glycaemia, including glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and postprandial glucose as well as INS levels (all P<0.001). Liraglutide also significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels (all P<0.001). Furthermore, serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, as well as CIMT, were decreased following liraglutide treatment compared with those in the lifestyle intervention group (all P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the risk of vasculopathy in the liraglutide group was lower than that in the lifestyle intervention group (log-rank test; P=0.041). The monitoring of drug-associated side effects indicated that the dose of liraglutide (0.6 to 1.2 mg/QD via subcutaneous injection) was safe and well-tolerated. The present study suggested that liraglutide may slow atherosclerosis development and improve inflammatory status as well as intimal function in patients with IGT with few side effects. The trial was registered through the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR; trial registration no. ChiCTR2200063693; retrospectively registered) on Sep 14, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengyang People's Hospital in Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengyang People's Hospital in Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengyang People's Hospital in Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopang Rao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengyang People's Hospital in Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Xiaopang Rao, Department of Endocrinology, Chengyang People's Hospital in Qingdao, 600 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lew LA, Ethier TS, Pyke KE. The impact of exercise training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women: a systematic review. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1388-1421. [PMID: 36288824 DOI: 10.1113/ep090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize all published literature examining the impact of various exercise training interventions on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. What advances does it highlight? There was a moderate effect of training on macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function and just under two-thirds of studies demonstrated a significant increase in at least one measure of endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Factors including exercise intensity and duration, vessel type, clinical status, hormone therapy, and menopausal status may influence the effects of training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. ABSTRACT Women experience a rapid decline in endothelial function during menopause. Therefore, it is important to explore interventions, such as exercise training, that may prevent endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize all published literature examining the impact of various exercise training interventions on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science) were used to systematically select studies related to exercise training, endothelial function and postmenopausal women. The major initial and secondary update systematic searches yielded 502 unique articles that were screened for eligibility. Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review. Two-thirds of all studies demonstrated a group-level increase in at least one measure of endothelial function with training. Most studies investigating biomarkers of endothelial function showed improvement in at least one measured biomarker post-training. There was a moderate effect of training on both macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function in observational and randomized intervention studies. Variability in study designs, training protocols and participant characteristics make it difficult to directly compare studies. Factors including exercise intensity and duration, vessel type, clinical status, hormone therapy, and menopausal status may contribute to the inconsistent effects of training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Future research is needed in this population to understand the mechanisms driving inter-study and inter-individual differences in training-induced changes in endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Lew
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarrah S Ethier
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyra E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Santos-Jaén JM, León-Gómez A, Valls Martínez MDC, Gimeno-Arias F. The Effect of Public Healthcare Expenditure on the Reduction in Mortality Rates Caused by Unhealthy Habits among the Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2253. [PMID: 36360592 PMCID: PMC9690828 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The health systems of developed countries aim to reduce the mortality rates of their populations. To this end, they must fight against the unhealthy habits of citizens, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sedentarism, since these result in a large number of deaths each year. Our research aims to analyze whether an increase in health resources influences the number of deaths caused by the unhealthy habits of the population. To achieve this objective, a sample containing key indicators of the Spanish health system was analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results show how increasing public health spending and, thus, the resources allocated to healthcare can curb the adverse effects of the population's unhealthy habits. These results have important implications for theory and practice, demonstrating the need for adequate investment in the healthcare system to reduce mortality among the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana León-Gómez
- Department of Finance and Accounting, University of Malaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Valls Martínez
- Mediterranean Research Center on Economics and Sustainable Development, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Economics and Business Department, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suvorava T, Metry S, Pick S, Kojda G. Alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and their relevance to blood pressure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Chen H, Chen C, Spanos M, Li G, Lu R, Bei Y, Xiao J. Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:306. [PMID: 36050310 PMCID: PMC9437103 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle as well as an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models as well as observational and interventional cohort studies with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and health. First, this review summarizes the beneficial impact of exercise on multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. We then discuss in detail the signaling pathways mediating exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health. The exercise-regulated signaling cascades have been shown to confer myocardial protection and drive systemic adaptations. The signaling molecules that are necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy have the potential to attenuate myocardial injury and reverse cardiac remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs and their associated signaling pathways are also discussed in detail for their roles and mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address the exercise-mediated signaling pathways and molecules that can serve as potential therapeutic targets ranging from pharmacological approaches to gene therapies in CVD. We also discuss multiple factors that influence exercise's effect and highlight the importance and need for further investigations regarding the exercise-regulated molecules as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVD as well as the cross talk between the heart and other tissues or organs during exercise. We conclude that a deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health will undoubtedly contribute to the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yihua Bei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown DE, Sharma S, Jablonski JA, Weltman A. Neural network methods for diagnosing patient conditions from cardiopulmonary exercise testing data. BioData Min 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 35964102 PMCID: PMC9375280 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-022-00299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a reliable and reproducible approach to measuring fitness in patients and diagnosing their health problems. However, the data from CPET consist of multiple time series that require training to interpret. Part of this training teaches the use of flow charts or nested decision trees to interpret the CPET results. This paper investigates the use of two machine learning techniques using neural networks to predict patient health conditions with CPET data in contrast to flow charts. The data for this investigation comes from a small sample of patients with known health problems and who had CPET results. The small size of the sample data also allows us to investigate the use and performance of deep learning neural networks on health care problems with limited amounts of labeled training and testing data. METHODS This paper compares the current standard for interpreting and classifying CPET data, flowcharts, to neural network techniques, autoencoders and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The study also investigated the performance of principal component analysis (PCA) with logistic regression to provide an additional baseline of comparison to the neural network techniques. RESULTS The patients in the sample had two primary diagnoses: heart failure and metabolic syndrome. All model-based testing was done with 5-fold cross-validation and metrics of precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy. As a baseline for comparison to our models, the highest performing flow chart method achieved an accuracy of 77%. Both PCA regression and CNN achieved an average accuracy of 90% and outperformed the flow chart methods on all metrics. The autoencoder with logistic regression performed the best on each of the metrics and had an average accuracy of 94%. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that machine learning and neural network techniques, in particular, can provide higher levels of accuracy with CPET data than traditional flowchart methods. Further, the CNN performed well with a small data set showing that these techniques can be designed to perform well on small data problems that are often found in health care and the life sciences. Further testing with larger data sets is needed to continue evaluating the use of machine learning to interpret CPET data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Brown
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Suchetha Sharma
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - James A. Jablonski
- Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adams JA, Lopez JR, Nadkarni V, Zolkipli‐Cunningham Z, Ischiropoulos H, Sackner MA. The effects of a motorized passive simulated jogging device on descent of the arterial pulse waveform dicrotic notch: A single arm placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15418. [PMID: 35924333 PMCID: PMC9350470 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (WBPA, pGz), is a bed that moves the body headward to forward, adds pulses to the circulation inducing descent of the dicrotic notch (DN) on the pulse waveform with an increase in a/b ratio (a = the height of the pulse waveform and b = the height of the secondary wave). Since the WBPA is large, heavy, and non-portable, we engineered a portable device (Jogging Device, JD). JD simulates passive jogging and introduces pulsations to the circulation. We hypothesized that JD would increase the a/b ratio during and after its use. In Study A, a single-arm placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in24 adults (53.8 ± 14.4 years) using JD or control (CONT) for 30 min. Blood pressure (BPs and BPd) and photoplethysmograph pulse (a/b) were measured at baseline (BL), during 30 min of JD or CONT, and 5 and 60 min after. In Study B (n = 20, 52.2 ± 7 years), a single-arm observational trial of 7 consecutive days of JD on BP and a/b, measured at BL, and after 7 days of JD and 48 and 72 hr after its discontinuation. In Study A, BPs, and BPd decreased during JD by 13% and 16%, respectively, while in CONT both increased by 2% and 2.5%, respectively. The a/b increased by 2-fold and remained greater than 2-fold at all-time points, with no change in a/b during CONT. In Study B, BPs and BPd decreased by 9% and remained below BL, at 72 hr after discontinuation of JD. DN descent also occurred after 7 days of JD with a/b increase of 80% and remained elevated by 60% for at least 72 h. JD improves acute and longer-term vascular hemodynamics with an increase in a/b, consistent with increased effects of nitric oxide (NO). JD may have significant clinical and public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division NeonatologyMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of ResearchMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli‐Cunningham
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (MMFP), Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine (CMEM), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marvin A. Sackner
- Department of ResearchMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qiu X, Zhou J, Xu Y, Liao L, Yang H, Xiang Y, Zhou Z, Sun Q, Chen M, Zhang J, Wu W, Zhu L, You B, He L, Luo Y, Li Z, Li C, Bai Y. Prophylactic exercise-derived circulating exosomal miR-125a-5p promotes endogenous revascularization after hindlimb ischemia by targeting endothelin converting enzyme 1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:881526. [PMID: 35935623 PMCID: PMC9354753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic exercise improves clinical outcomes in patients experiencing severe ischemic diseases. Previous studies have shown that exercise could alter the amount or content of circulating exosomes. However, little is known about the role of precursory exercise-derived circulating exosomes (Exe-Exo) in ischemic diseases. We therefore aimed to explore the function and mechanism of Exe-Exo in endogenous revascularization and perfusion recovery in peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results We first determined that 4 weeks of precursory treadmill exercise improved perfusion recovery on days 7, 14 and 21 after unilateral femoral artery ligation (FAL) but had no effect immediately after ligation. Then, local muscle delivery of Exe-Exo promotes arteriogenesis, angiogenesis and perfusion recovery, which could be abolished by GW4869, a well-recognized pharmacological agent inhibiting exosome release. This suggests that Exe-Exo mediated exercise-induced revascularization. In vitro, Exe-Exo enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, we identified miR-125a-5p as a novel exerkine through exosomal miRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR validation. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p abrogated the beneficial effects of Exe-Exo both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, these exercise-afforded benefits were attributed to the exosomal miR-125a-5p downregulation of ECE1 expression and the subsequent activation of the AKT/eNOS downstream signaling pathway. Specifically, skeletal muscle may be a major tissue source of exercise-induced exosomal miR-125a-5p via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Conclusions Endogenous circulating exosomal miR-125a-5p promotes exercise-induced revascularization via targeting ECE1 and activating AKT/eNOS downstream signaling pathway. Identify exosomal miR-125a-5p as a novel exerkine, and highlight its potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jipeng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanying Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longsheng Liao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfang He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanchang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanchang Li,
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Yongping Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weisstaub G, Gonzalez Bravo MA, García-Hermoso A, Salazar G, López-Gil JF. Cross-sectional association between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk in Chilean schoolchildren: the fat but fit paradox. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1085-1094. [PMID: 35958004 PMCID: PMC9360814 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the "fat but fit" paradox, revealing that greater levels of physical fitness may diminish the harmful consequences of excess weight on cardiometabolic risk. Despite the above, specific information about the "fat but fit" paradox in prepuberal population is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cardiometabolic risk across (individual and combined) physical fitness and excess weight status and whether the "fat but fit" paradox is met in the sample of schoolchildren analyzed. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 452 children (59.1% girls), aged 7-9 years from Santiago (Chile). Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by the 6-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Excess weight (overweight and obesity) was computed through body mass index (z-score). Cardiometabolic risk was established by summing the z-score of the serum glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, insulin and waist-to-height ratio. RESULTS Schoolchildren with high physical fitness (individual or combined) showed the lowest cardiometabolic risk mean scores (P for trend <0.001 for all physical fitness groups). Conversely, schoolchildren with low physical fitness (individual or combined) showed the highest cardiometabolic risk mean scores (P for trend <0.001 for all categories). Additionally, schoolchildren without excess weight and with high individual or combined physical fitness status exhibits lower cardiometabolic risk mean scores compared to schoolchildren with excess weight and low physical fitness status (individual or combined) (P for trend <0.001 for all physical fitness groups). A lower odd of having high cardiometabolic risk was found in schoolchildren without excess weight and with both high physical fitness (both cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness) [odds ratio (OR) =0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04 to 0.16] in comparison to those with excess weight and low physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that improvements in both fatness and aerobic fitness could be associated with lower cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Weisstaub
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gabriela Salazar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Boer JJ, Feleus A, Hesselink A, Siemonsma P, Verhoef J, Schmitt M. Using storytelling methodology to identify barriers and facilitators of sustained physical activity in patients with a chronic disease: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057236. [PMID: 35351725 PMCID: PMC8961147 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify implicit and more profound barriers and facilitators and involving context elements to accomplish sustained physical activity (PA) in patients with a chronic disease. Understanding these barriers and facilitators may help develop future strategies to be used by healthcare professionals in primary care to support patients with a chronic disease to reach sustained PA. DESIGN AND METHODS The qualitative, narrative research method storytelling was applied. Perspectives of both patients with a chronic disease (n=12) and involved healthcare professionals (n=11) were collected. Stories were audiotaped and retrieved from the transcriptions. Analysis involved a cyclic process of constant comparison. Main themes were arranged in the theoretical framework of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model. PARTICIPANTS Patients were adults with a chronic disease or at high risk of developing a chronic disease who participated in a PA promoting programme. Eligible healthcare professionals were those involved in these PA promoting programmes in primary care, such as physiotherapists, nurse practitioners or sports consultants. RESULTS From 176 stories, 62 relevant and unique stories were selected for further analysis. Eleven main themes were identified and afterwards linked to the COM-B model. Trust in one's own capabilities and in the healthcare professional were relevant themes. Also, health literacy and coping with temporary interruption were important capabilities. Important motivators were customised PA, increasing awareness, meaningful activities, exercising in a group and success experiences. Aversion to sports was seen as a barrier. Interprofessional collaboration and prerequisites can be a facilitator or a barrier. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into deeper motivations, barriers and facilitators of sustained PA from both the patients' and healthcare professionals' perspective. Comparing these perspectives revealed different views and beliefs on some themes. Attention for temporary interruptions, aversion to sports and health literacy were identified to be important for sustained PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jacoba de Boer
- Department of Physiotherapy and Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Feleus
- Department of Physiotherapy and Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlette Hesselink
- Department of Physical Therapy & Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Siemonsma
- Department of Physical Therapy & Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John Verhoef
- Department of Physical Therapy & Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schmitt
- Department of Physiotherapy and Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The impact of different forms of exercise on endothelial progenitor cells in healthy populations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1589-1625. [PMID: 35305142 PMCID: PMC9197818 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular healing and neovascularisation, while exercise is an effective means to mobilise EPCs into the circulation. OBJECTIVES to systematically examine the acute and chronic effects of different forms of exercise on circulating EPCs in healthy populations. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed. RESULTS thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria including 747 participants aged 19 to 76 years. All included trials used flow cytometry for identification of circulating EPCs. Eight and five different EPC phenotypes were identified in the acute and chronic trials, respectively. In the acute trials, moderate intensity continuous (MICON), maximal, prolonged endurance, resistance and high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise protocols were utilised. Prolonged endurance and resistance exercise had the most profound effect on circulating EPCs followed by maximal exercise. In the chronic trials, MICON exercise, HIIT, HIIT compared to MICON and MICON compared to exergame (exercise modality based on an interactive video game) were identified. MICON exercise had a positive effect on circulating EPCs in older sedentary individuals which was accompanied by improvements in endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Long-stage HIIT (4 min bouts) appears to be an effective means and superior than MICON exercise in mobilising circulating EPCs. In conclusion, both in acute and chronic trials the degree of exercise-induced EPC mobilisation depends upon the exercise regime applied. In future, more research is warranted to examine the dose-response relationship of different exercise forms on circulating EPCs using standardised methodology and EPC phenotype.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pérez Regalado S, León J, Feriche B. Therapeutic approach for digestive system cancers and potential implications of exercise under hypoxia condition: what little is known? a narrative review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1107-1121. [PMID: 35157120 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, like other chronic pathologies, is associated with the presence of hypoxic regions due to the uncontrolled cell growth. Under this pathological hypoxic condition, various molecular signaling pathways are activated to ensure cell survival, such as those that govern angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, among others. These molecular processes are very similar to the physiological response caused by exposure to altitude (natural hypobaric systemic hypoxia), the use of artificial hypoxia devices (systemic normobaric simulated hypoxia) or the delivery of vascular occlusion to the extremities (also called local hypoxia by the blood flow restriction technique). "Tumor hypoxia" has gained further clinical importance due to its crucial role in both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. However, the ability to manipulate this pathway through physical exercise and systemic hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways could offer an important range of therapeutic opportunities that should be further investigated. METHODS This review is focused on the potential implications of systemic hypoxia combined with exercise in digestive system neoplasms prognosis. Articles included in the review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. FINDINGS The findings of this review suggest that exercise performed under systemic hypoxic conditions could have a positive impact in prognosis and quality of life of the population with digestive system cancers. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to consider this paradigm as a new potential intervention in digestive oncological population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive System, San Cecilio Hospital, Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Association of blood pressure, obesity and physical activity with arterial stiffness in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:502-512. [PMID: 33824443 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Central pulse wave velocity (cPWV) is a biomarker for cardiovascular (CV) risk and a predictor for CV events in adulthood. Alterations of arterial stiffness have also been associated with CV risk in childhood. The study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the association of blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cPWV in children. Literature search was through the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Twenty-two articles were included in the systematic review and eight articles in the meta-analysis. Higher systolic and diastolic BP were associated with higher cPWV (pooled estimated effect size (ES) 0.02 (95% CI: 0.012-0.027; P < 0.001), and ES 0.02 (95% CI: 0.011-0.029; P < 0.001); respectively). Higher BMI correlated with higher cPWV (ES 0.025 (95% CI: 0.013-0.038; P < 0.001)). CRF was inversely associated with cPWV (ES -0.033 (95% CI: -0.055 to -0.011; P = 0.002)). In children, higher BP and BMI are already related to increased cPWV, and enhanced CRF may be a preventive strategy to counteract development of CV disease later in life. IMPACT: This meta-analysis suggests that elevated blood pressure and body mass index in childhood correlate with increased central pulse wave velocity. Children with higher cardiorespiratory fitness appear to have favorably lower arterial stiffening. Elevated blood pressure and altered arterial stiffness originate early in life and childhood risk stratification as well as timely initiation of exercise treatment may help counteract development of manifest cardiovascular disease later in life.
Collapse
|
25
|
Adachi T, Iritani N, Kamiya K, Iwatsu K, Kamisaka K, Iida Y, Yamada S. Prognostic Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure (from a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study). Am J Cardiol 2022; 164:79-85. [PMID: 34848049 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are inconsistent in recent reports on heart failure (HF). Generally, participants in previous trials were relatively young and had HF with reduced ejection fraction. Herein, we examined the effects of CR on HF prognosis using a nationwide cohort study. This multicenter prospective cohort study included hospitalized patients with acute HF or worsening chronic HF. Patients who underwent CR once or more times weekly for 6 months after discharge were included in the CR group. The main study end point was a composite of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization during a 2-year follow-up period. We performed propensity score matching to compare the survival rates between the CR and non-CR groups. Of the 2,876 enrolled patients, 313 underwent CR for 6 months. After propensity score matching using confounding factors, 626 patients (313 pairs) were included in the survival analysis (median age: 74 years). CR was associated with a reduced risk of composite outcomes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48 to 0.91; p = 0.011), all-cause mortality (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.95; p = 0.032), and HF rehospitalization (HR 0.66; 95% CI 47 to 0.92; p = 0.012). Subgroup analysis showed similar CR effects in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (<40%). In the landmark analysis, CR did not reduce the aforementioned end points beyond 6 months after discharge (log-rank test: composite outcomes, p = 0.943; all-cause mortality, p = 0.258; HF rehospitalization, p = 0.831). CR is a standard treatment for HF regardless of HF type; however, further challenges may affect the long-term prognostic effects of CR.
Collapse
|
26
|
Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Gagno G, Pierri A, Padoan L, Fluca AL, Carriere C, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G. The Role of Exercise-Induced Molecular Processes and Vitamin D in Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 12:794641. [PMID: 35087418 PMCID: PMC8787056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) still affects millions of people worldwide despite great advances in therapeutic approaches in the cardiovascular field. Remarkably, unlike pathological hypertrophy, exercise leads to beneficial cardiac hypertrophy characterized by normal or enhanced contractile function. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves cardiorespiratory fitness and, as a consequence, ameliorates the quality of life of patients with HF. Particularly, multiple studies demonstrated the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among patients with HF due to the various processes in the myocardium triggered by exercise. Exercise stimulates IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway activation involved in muscle growth in both the myocardium and skeletal muscle by regulating protein synthesis and catabolism. Also, physical activity stimulates the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition, emerging data pointed out the anti-inflammatory effects of exercises as well. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for clinicians to accurately evaluate the patient’s condition by performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test and/or a 6-min walking test. Portable devices with the possibility to measure exercise capacity proved to be very useful in this setting as well. The aim of this review is to gather together the molecular processes triggered by the exercise and available therapies in HF settings that could ameliorate heart performance, with a special focus on strategies such as exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carriere
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang T, Jian X, Liu J, Zheng L, Li FQ, Meng D, Wang T, Zhang S, Liu Y, Guan Z, Feng J. Exercise and/or Cold Exposure Alters the Gene Expression Profile in the Fat Body and Changes the Heart Function in Drosophila. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:790414. [PMID: 35418948 PMCID: PMC8995477 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.790414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The major reason of human morbidity and mortality is obesity and related diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with low total adipose tissue content and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies have shown that exercise and cold expose may induce browning. In this study, we verified (1) whether exercise and/or cold exposure can improve the expression level of ucp4c, serca, ampkα, camkII, sirt1, octβ3r, and hamlet; (2) if these interventions can save cardiac dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Drosophila. w1118 (wild-type) virgin female flies collected within 8 h after eclosion were divided into eight groups: the normal feed control group (NFD-C), the normal feed exercise group (NFD-E), the normal feed cold exposure group (NFD-CA), the normal feed exercise/cold exposure group (NFD-EC), the HFD control group (HFD-C), the HFD exercise group (HFD-E), the HFD cold exposure group (HFD-CA), and the HFD exercise/cold exposure group (HFD-EC). After exercise and/or cold exposure for 7 days, the mRNA expression levels of ucp4c, serca, ampkα, camk II, sirt1, octβ3r, and hamlet were tested by qRT-PCR, and m-mode was used to assess cardiac function. In addition, we assessed the triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, motor ability, fat mass (by Oil Red O [ORO] staining), and morphological features. The results of TAG, ORO staining, and morphological features all indicate that after interventions, body size of Drosophila was smaller compared with the control group, irrespective of the feeding patterns. The mRNA expression levels of ucp4c, serca, octβ3r, hamlet, ampkα, camkII, and sirt1 were changed to varying degrees under different intervention states (exercise and/or cold exposure). Cold exposure and exercise/cold exposure partly improved cardiac function and the normal fruit flies' cardiac function and exercise ability. However, after exercise intervention, exercise ability and heart function were improved in both HFD and normal-fat diet (NFD) fruit flies. In conclusion, different intervention states (exercise and/or cold exposure) can change the mRNA expression levels of ucp4c, serca, octβ3r, hamlet, ampkα, camkII, and sirt1. Exercise is the most effective way to restore HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li D, Wang P, Wei W, Wang C, Zhong Y, Lv L, Wang J. Serum MicroRNA Expression Patterns in Subjects After the 5-km Exercise Are Strongly Associated With Cardiovascular Adaptation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755656. [PMID: 34912238 PMCID: PMC8667031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported dysregulated during exercise. However, the changes of specific serum miRNAs during the 5-km run test with intensity of 51–52% maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and their association with traditional cardiovascular-related indicators remain well-characterized. Levels of miR-1, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181, and miR-210 were detected in 120 young subjects before and after the exercise training by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Besides, the levels of cardiac troponin I (cTNI), myoglobin (Myo), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and the correlation between levels of serum miRNAs and biochemical parameters was also analyzed. Compared with resting state, the serum levels of miR-1, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181, and miR-210 were significantly increased after exercise training. Serum levels of miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-210 after exercise training were positively correlated with Myo, CK-MB, and LDH, respectively, while miR-1, miR-146a, miR-181, and miR-155 were positively correlated with the levels of IL-6. Additionally, all the five miRNAs were negatively correlated with IMA levels. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of miR-146a, AST, LDH, and IL-6 in serum were risk factors, while low IMA contents were a protective factor for cardiovascular adaptation during exercise. In conclusion, the dynamic changes of miRNAs under the condition of the 5-km continuous running contribute to the adaptive regulation of the cardiovascular function of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Health Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang X, Gao F. Exercise improves vascular health: Role of mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:347-359. [PMID: 34748911 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mitochondria constantly integrate signals from environment and respond accordingly to match vascular function to metabolic requirements of the organ tissues, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to vascular aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, stenosis, and hypertension. As an effective lifestyle intervention, exercise induces extensive mitochondrial adaptations through vascular mechanical stress and the increased production and release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, among which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role. PGC-1α coordinates mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool and promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in vasculature. The mitochondrial adaptations to exercise improve bioenergetics, balance redox status, protect endothelial cells against detrimental insults, increase vascular plasticity, and ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction, thus benefiting vascular health. This review highlights recent findings of mitochondria as a central hub integrating exercise-afforded vascular benefits and its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise will not only shed light on the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection, but may also provide new clues to mitochondria-oriented precise exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang R, Lv J, Yu C, Guo Y, Pei P, Huang N, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Du H, Tao R, Chen J, Chen Z, Clarke R, Huang T, Li L. Modification effect of ideal cardiovascular health metrics on genetic association with incident heart failure in the China Kadoorie Biobank and the UK Biobank. BMC Med 2021; 19:259. [PMID: 34674714 PMCID: PMC8532287 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and cardiovascular factors contribute to the risk of developing heart failure (HF), but whether idea cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) offset the genetic association with incident HF remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic association with incident HF as well as the modification effect of ICVHMs on such genetic association in Chinese and British populations. METHODS An ICVHMs based on smoking, drinking, physical activity, diets, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for HF were constructed in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 96,014 participants and UK Biobank (UKB) of 335,782 participants which were free from HF and severe chronic diseases at baseline. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 11.38 and 8.73 years, 1451 and 3169 incident HF events were documented in CKB and UKB, respectively. HF risk increased monotonically with the increase of PRS per standard deviation (CKB: hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07, 1.32; UKB: 1.07; 1.03, 1.11; P for trend < 0.001). Each point increase in ICVHMs was associated with 15% and 20% lower risk of incident HF in CKB (0.85; 0.81, 0.90) and UKB (0.80; 0.77, 0.82), respectively. Compared with unfavorable ICVHMs, favorable ICVHMs was associated with a lower HF risk, with 0.71 (0.44, 1.15), 0.41 (0.22, 0.77), and 0.48 (0.30, 0.77) in the low, intermediate, and high genetic risk in CKB and 0.34 (0.26, 0.44), 0.32 (0.25, 0.41), and 0.37 (0.28, 0.47) in UKB (P for multiplicative interaction > 0.05). Participants with low genetic risk and favorable ICVHMs, as compared with high genetic risk and unfavorable ICVHMs, had 56~72% lower risk of HF (CKB 0.44; 0.28, 0.70; UKB 0.28; 0.22, 0.37). No additive interaction between PRS and ICVHMs was observed (relative excess risk due to interaction was 0.05 [-0.22, 0.33] in CKB and 0.04 [-0.14, 0.22] in UKB). CONCLUSIONS In CKB and UKB, genetic risk and ICVHMs were independently associated with the risk of incident HF, which suggested that adherence to favorable cardiovascular health status was associated with a lower HF risk among participants with all gradients of genetic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao J, Pan X, Li G, Chatterjee E, Xiao J. Physical Exercise Protects Against Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:604-620. [PMID: 34533746 PMCID: PMC8447895 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that endothelial cells play critical roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis, regulating vascular tone, inhibiting inflammatory response, suppressing lipid leakage, and preventing thrombosis. The damage or injury of endothelial cells induced by physical, chemical, and biological risk factors is a leading contributor to the development of mortal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of endothelial injury remains to be elucidated. Notably, no drugs effectively targeting and mending injured vascular endothelial cells have been approved for clinical practice. There is an urgent need to understand pathways important for repairing injured vasculature that can be targeted with novel therapies. Exercise training-induced protection to endothelial injury has been well documented in clinical trials, and the underlying mechanism has been explored in animal models. This review mainly summarizes the protective effects of exercise on vascular endothelium and the recently identified potential therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Flores-Ramírez AG, Tovar-Villegas VI, Maharaj A, Garay-Sevilla ME, Figueroa A. Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Vascular Function in Individuals with Obesity across the Lifespan. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092991. [PMID: 34578869 PMCID: PMC8466140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with obesity are at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases that once were considered health conditions of adults. Obesity is commonly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension that contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, precedes vascular abnormalities including atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Thus, early detection and treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors are necessary to prevent deleterious vascular consequences of obesity at an early age. Non-pharmacological interventions including L-Citrulline (L-Cit) supplementation and aerobic training stimulate endothelial NO mediated vasodilation, leading to improvements in organ perfusion, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and metabolic health (glucose control and lipid profile). Few studies suggest that the combination of L-Cit supplementation and exercise training can be an effective strategy to counteract the adverse effects of obesity on vascular function in older adults. Therefore, this review examined the efficacy of L-Cit supplementation and aerobic training interventions on vascular and metabolic parameters in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaisa Genoveva Flores-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Verónica Ivette Tovar-Villegas
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahn JA, Min D. Association between self-reported physical activity and indicators of cardiovascular risk in community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in Korea: A cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27074. [PMID: 34449507 PMCID: PMC8389870 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension has increased with the rise in the elderly population, and high blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is an important strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to explore the association between physical activity and cardiovascular risk indicators in community-dwelling older adults with hypertension.This study is a secondary data analysis of a prospective longitudinal study using data from the Elderly Cohort Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea between 2002 and 2013. Participants included 10,588 older adults (≥60 years) with hypertension. Data assessing self-reported physical activity and directly measured blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and total cholesterol levels throughout the 12-year study were extracted from the original database and analyzed. Participants were categorized into 4 groups based on the reported changes in physical activity over time: Group I (Maintaining No Physical Activity Group), II (Changing from No Physical Activity to Physical Activity Group), III (Changing from Physical Activity to No Physical Activity Group), and IV (Maintaining Physical Activity Group). Cox proportional hazard model was used to confirm the risk of cardiovascular indicators over time in each group.Participants' mean age was 64.2 years in the initial year of 2002. The number of participants in Groups I, II, III, and IV was 4032, 2697, 1919, and 1940, respectively. Group IV showed a significant decline in risk for uncontrolled hypertension compared to Group I (hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [0.800-0.948]). Group II showed a significant decrease in risk for uncontrolled diabetes compared to Group I (hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [0.888-0.999]).The findings indicated that physical activity is a significant factor associated with indicators of cardiovascular risk in older people with high blood pressure. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of older adults' physical activity and encourage them to perform and maintain it steadily for better long-term cardio-metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ah Ahn
- College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deulle Min
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Coronary artery z score values in adolescent elite male soccer players. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:381-385. [PMID: 33228821 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120004011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increased training loads at very early ages in European elite youth soccer, there is an interest to analyse coronary artery remodelling due to high-intensity exercise. DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective echocardiographic study in 259 adolescent elite male soccer players and 48 matched controls. RESULTS The mean age was 12.7 ± 0.63 years in soccer players and 12.6 ± 0.7 years in controls (p > 0.05). Soccer players had significant greater indexed left ventricular mass (93 ± 13 g/m2 versus 79 ± 12 g/m2, p = 0.001). Both coronary arteries origin could be identified in every participant. In soccer players, the mean diameter of the left main coronary artery was 3.67 mm (SD ± 0.59) and 2.61 mm (SD ± 0.48) for right main coronary artery. Controls showed smaller mean luminal diameter (left main coronary artery, p = 0.01; right main coronary artery, p = 0.025). In soccer players, a total of 91% (n = 196) and in controls a total of 94% (n = 45) showed left main coronary artery z scores within the normal range: -2.0 to 2.0. In right main coronary artery, a pattern of z score values distribution was comparable (soccer players 94%, n = 202 vs. controls 84%, n = 40). A subgroup of soccer players had supernormal z score values (>2.0 to 2.5) for left main coronary artery (9%, n = 19, p = 0.01) and right main coronary artery (6%, n = 10, p = 0.025), respectively. CONCLUSION Elite soccer training in early adolescence may be a stimulus strong enough to develop increased coronary arteries diameters. In soccer players, a coronary artery z score >2.0-2.5 might reflect a physiologic response induced by multiannual high-intensity training.
Collapse
|
35
|
Pontzer H. Hotter and sicker: External energy expenditure and the tangled evolutionary roots of anthropogenic climate change and chronic disease. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23579. [PMID: 33629785 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dual crises of climate change and chronic, or non-communicable, disease (NCD) have emerged worldwide as the global economy has industrialized over the past two centuries. AIMS In this synthesis I examine humans' dependence on external (non-metabolic) energy expenditure (e.g., fire, fossil fuels) as a common, root cause in these modern crises. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using fossil, archeological, and historical evidence I show that the human lineage has been dependent on external energy sources since the control of fire in the Paleolithic. This reliance has grown with the development of agriculture, the use of wind- and water-power, and the most recently with industrialization and the transition to fossil fuels. To place industrialization in context I develop a Rule of 50, whereby individuals in industrialized economies consume roughly 50-times more external energy and manufacture roughly 50-times more material than do hunter-gatherers. RESULTS Industrialization and mechanization, powered by fossil fuels, have promoted centralization and processing in food production, reduced physical activity, and increased air pollution (including greenhouse gas emissions). These developments have led in turn to NCD and climate change. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Climate change and NCD are connected both to one another and to our species' deep evolutionary dependence on external energy. Transitioning to carbon-free energy is essential to reduce the existential risks of climate change, but will likely have only modest effects on NCD. With the impending exhaustion of oil, coal, and natural gas reserves, developing replacements for fossil fuels is also critical to maintaining our species' external energy portfolio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Leite-Almeida L, Morato M, Cosme D, Afonso J, Areias JC, Guerra A, Caldas Afonso A, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T, Correia-Costa L. Impact of physical activity on redox status and nitric oxide bioavailability in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:116-124. [PMID: 33309779 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status might contribute to variations induced by physical activity (PA) in redox status biomarkers. We investigated the influence of PA on redox status and nitric oxide (NO) production/metabolism biomarkers in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years (163 nonoverweight, 150 overweight/obese) followed since birth in a cohort study (Generation XXI, Porto, Portugal). Plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were assessed, as well as their association with variables of reported PA quantification (categories of PA frequency (>1x/week and ≤1x/week)and continuous PA index (obtained by the sum of points)) in a questionnaire with increasing ranks from sedentary to vigorous activity levels. U-NOx was significantly higher in children who presented higher PA index scores and higher PA frequency. Separately by BMI classes, U-NOx was significantly higher only in nonoverweight children who practiced PA more frequently (p = 0.037). In overweight/obese children, but not in nonoverweight, P-TAS was higher among children with higher PA frequency (p = 0.007). Homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower in more active overweight/obese children, but no differences were observed in nonoverweight children. In the fully adjusted multivariate linear regression models for P-TAS, in the overweight/obese group, children with higher PA frequency presented higher P-TAS. In the U-NOx models, U-NOx significantly increased with PA index, only in nonoverweight children. Our results provide additional evidence in support of a protective effect of physical activity, in nonoverweight by increasing NO bioavailability and in overweight/obese children by enhancing systemic antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of engaging in regular physical exercise, particularly among overweight/obese children, in which a positive association between oxidant status and cardiometabolic risk markers has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leite-Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences & LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Areias
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hoffmann J, Richardson G, Haendeler J, Altschmied J, Andrés V, Spyridopoulos I. Telomerase as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1047-1061. [PMID: 33504179 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Shortened telomeres have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, most importantly coronary artery disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Loss-of-function mutations and deletions in telomerase both accelerate telomere shortening but do not necessarily lead to a clinical phenotype associated with atherosclerosis, questioning the causal role of telomere length in cardiac pathology. The differential extranuclear functions of the 2 main components of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component, offer important clues about the complex relationship between telomere length and cardiovascular pathology. In this review, we critically discuss relevant preclinical models, genetic disorders, and clinical studies to elucidate the impact of telomerase in cardiovascular disease and its potential role as a therapeutic target. We suggest that the antioxidative function of mitochondrial telomerase reverse transcriptase might be atheroprotective, making it a potential target for clinical trials. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (J.H.)
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (G.R.)
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf and Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (J.H., J.A.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf and Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (J.H., J.A.).,IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (J.A.)
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.A.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain (V.A.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (I.S.).,Freeman Hospital, Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital Trust, United Kingdom (I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020291. [PMID: 33466830 PMCID: PMC7831005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a subclinical marker associated with cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, long-term exercise has been demonstrated to reduce arterial stiffness, providing a decrease in cardiovascular risk. However, the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the acute effect of exercise interventions on arterial stiffness in healthy adults. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from their inception to 30 June 2020. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the acute effect of exercise on arterial stiffness using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect size estimates and their corresponding 95% CI. Pulse wave velocity was measured as an arterial stiffness index. The 30 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that pulse wave velocity was not modified immediately after exercise (0 min post) (ES: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.26), but subsequently decreased 30 min after exercise (ES: −0.27; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.12). Thereafter, pulse wave velocity increased to its initial value 24 h after exercise (ES: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.21, 0.07). Our results show that, although there is a significant reduction in pulse wave velocity 30 min after exercise, the levels of arterial stiffness return to their basal levels after 24 h. These findings could imply that, in order to achieve improvements in pulse wave velocity, exercise should be performed on a daily basis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kamiya K, Sato Y, Takahashi T, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Kotooka N, Ikegame T, Takura T, Yamamoto T, Nagayama M, Goto Y, Makita S, Isobe M. Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006798. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF). However, CR efficacy in patients with HF who are elderly, frail, or have HF with preserved ejection fraction remains unclear. We examined whether participation in multidisciplinary outpatient CR is associated with long-term survival and rehospitalization in patients with HF, with subgroup analysis by age, sex, comorbidities, frailty, and HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Methods:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in patients hospitalized for acute HF at 15 hospitals in Japan, 2007 to 2016. The primary outcome (composite of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization after discharge) and secondary outcomes (all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization) were analyzed in outpatient CR program participants versus nonparticipants.
Results:
Of the 3277 patients, 26% (862) participated in outpatient CR. After propensity matching for potential confounders, 1592 patients were included (n=796 pairs), of which 511 had composite outcomes (223 [14%] all-cause deaths and 392 [25%] HF rehospitalizations, median 2.4-year follow-up). Hazard ratios associated with CR participation were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65–0.92) for composite outcome, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51–0.87) for all-cause mortality, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99) for HF-related rehospitalization. CR participation was also associated with numerically lower rates of composite outcome in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction or frail patients.
Conclusions:
Outpatient CR participation was associated with substantial prognostic benefit in a large HF cohort regardless of age, sex, comorbidities, frailty, and HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences (K.K.), Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (T. Takahashi)
| | | | - Norihiko Kotooka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Japan (N.K.)
| | - Toshimi Ikegame
- Department of Nursing (T.I.), Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takura
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (T. Takura)
| | - Takanobu Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (T.Y.)
| | - Masatoshi Nagayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N.), Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Goto
- Yoka Municipal Hospital, Hyogo, Japan (Y.G.)
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan (S.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xiao Y, Sun Y, Ma X, Wang C, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang G, Li Z, Tian W, Zhao Z, Jing Q, Zhou J, Jing Z. MicroRNA-22 Inhibits the Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell by Targeting p38MAPKα in Vascular Remodeling of Aortic Dissection. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1051-1062. [PMID: 33294292 PMCID: PMC7691156 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA 22 (miR-22) was found in diverse cardiovascular diseases to have a role in regulating multiple cellular processes. However, the regulatory role of miR-22 in aortic dissection (AD) was still unclear. The miR-22 expression in human aorta was explored. A series of mimic, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids were delivered into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to explore the effects of miR-22 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38MAPKα) in controlling VSMC apoptosis in vitro. In addition, a mouse AD model was established, and histopathologic analyses were performed to evaluate the regulatory effects of miR-22. Reduced miR-22 and increased apoptosis of VSMCs was seen in human AD aorta. Downregulation of miR-22 increased the apoptosis of VSMCs in vitro. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that p38MAPKα was a target of miR-22. Inhibiting p38MAPKα expression could reverse the apoptosis of VSMCs induced by miR-22 downregulation. Knockdown of miR-22 in the AD mouse model significantly promoted the development of AD. Our data underscore the importance of vascular remodeling and VSMC function in AD. miR-22 may represent a new therapeutic approach for AD by regulating the apoptosis of VSMCs through the MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Institution of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Jing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zaiping Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Das S, Shah R, Dimmeler S, Freedman JE, Holley C, Lee JM, Moore K, Musunuru K, Wang DZ, Xiao J, Yin KJ. Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge, Tools and Technologies for Investigation, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e000062. [PMID: 32812806 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery that much of the non-protein-coding genome is transcribed and plays a diverse functional role in fundamental cellular processes has led to an explosion in the development of tools and technologies to investigate the role of these noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular health. Furthermore, identifying noncoding RNAs for targeted therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease is an emerging area of research. The purpose of this statement is to review existing literature, offer guidance on tools and technologies currently available to study noncoding RNAs, and identify areas of unmet need. METHODS The writing group used systematic literature reviews (including MEDLINE, Web of Science through 2018), expert opinion/statements, analyses of databases and computational tools/algorithms, and review of current clinical trials to provide a broad consensus on the current state of the art in noncoding RNA in cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Significant progress has been made since the initial studies focusing on the role of miRNAs (microRNAs) in cardiovascular development and disease. Notably, recent progress on understanding the role of novel types of noncoding small RNAs such as snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs), tRNA (transfer RNA) fragments, and Y-RNAs in cellular processes has revealed a noncanonical function for many of these molecules. Similarly, the identification of long noncoding RNAs that appear to play an important role in cardiovascular disease processes, coupled with the development of tools to characterize their interacting partners, has led to significant mechanistic insight. Finally, recent work has characterized the unique role of extracellular RNAs in mediating intercellular communication and their potential role as biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The rapid expansion of tools and pipelines for isolating, measuring, and annotating these entities suggests that caution in interpreting results is warranted until these methodologies are rigorously validated. Most investigators have focused on investigating the functional role of single RNA entities, but studies suggest complex interaction between different RNA molecules. The use of network approaches and advanced computational tools to understand the interaction of different noncoding RNA species to mediate a particular phenotype may be required to fully comprehend the function of noncoding RNAs in mediating disease phenotypes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- American Heart Association
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/chemistry
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/chemistry
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/chemistry
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- United States
Collapse
|
42
|
Niederseer D, Ledl-Kurkowski E, Kvita K, Funk P, Niebauer J. SAFETY AND EFFECTS OF CRATAEGUS EXTRACT WS 1442 AND NORDIC WALKING ON LIPID PROFILE AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: A RANDOMIZED, PARTIALLY BLINDED PILOT STUDY IN OVERWEIGHT VOLUNTEERS. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 58:604-614. [PMID: 32595244 PMCID: PMC7314302 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and physical inactivity adversely affect endothelial function and are risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Both Crataegus extract WS 1442 and physical exercise exert beneficial effects on endothelial function. We investigated whether WS 1442 and Nordic walking (NW) had comparable effects on endothelial function and lipid profile in overweight subjects. In this partially blinded pilot study, overweight, otherwise healthy volunteers aged 45-75 years were randomized into four groups as follows: WS 1442 2x450 mg/day (WS-standard), WS 1442 2x900 mg/day (WS-double), exercise 2x30 minutes/week (NW-low), and exercise 4x45 minutes/week (NW-high) for 12 weeks. Safety was assessed based on adverse events. Endothelial function testing (EndoPAT®), assessment of endothelial progenitor cells, lipid profiles, and treadmill testing were performed. Sixty subjects participated in the study. At baseline, subjects in WS-standard/-double groups had higher lipid levels and greater impairment of endothelial function. Subjects with impaired endothelial function showed improvement regardless of the type of intervention. Subjects in WS-standard and WS-double groups showed a trend towards modest decrease in triglycerides and modest increase in HDL-cholesterol; most changes were within the normal limits. In NW-low/-high groups, values also remained within the normal range. Exercise capacity improved in both NW groups. WS-double showed no additional benefits over WS-standard. All adverse events were unrelated or improbably related to treatment. In conclusion, WS 1442 and exercise training were safe and showed beneficial effects on endothelial function and lipid profile in overweight but otherwise healthy volunteers; exercise capacity improved only by Nordic walking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eveline Ledl-Kurkowski
- 1University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Sports Medicine of the State of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; 2Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klara Kvita
- 1University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Sports Medicine of the State of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; 2Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petra Funk
- 1University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Sports Medicine of the State of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; 2Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Josef Niebauer
- 1University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Sports Medicine of the State of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; 2Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Cash RE, Bower JK, Focht BC, Paskett ED. Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease by weight status among U.S adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232893. [PMID: 32384119 PMCID: PMC7209349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine whether the association between physical activity and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk varies among normal weight, overweight, and obese adults in a nationally-representative sample of the United States. METHODS Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. A subset of 22,476 participants aged 30-64 years was included with no CVD history. Physical activity level was self-reported and stratified into sedentary (0 min/week), inactive (1-149 mins/week), or active (≥150 mins/week) of moderate or vigorous activities. Framingham risk scores were classified as low/intermediate (<20%) or high 10-year CVD risk (≥20%). RESULTS The average age of the population was 45.9 years, 52.3% were female, 33.6% were overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9kg/m2), and 35.7% were obese (BMI≥30kg/m2). Individuals who were overweight and obese had a higher 10-year CVD risk compared to those with normal weight (9.5 vs. 10.1 vs. 6.3%, P<0.001). The association of physical activity and high 10-year CVD risk differed by weight status. Among overweight and obese adults, individuals engaged in any physical activity had lower odds ofhigh 10-year CVD risk compared to sedentary individuals (overweight: OR active = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36-0.64; OR inactive = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45-0.86; obese: OR active = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.37-0.68; OR inactive = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.89). Among normal weight adults, individuals who were physically active had lower odds of high 10-year CVD risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.28-0.87). When compared the joint effects of physical activity level and weight status, physical activity was associated with a larger magnitude of reduced odds of 10-year CVD risk than weight status. CONCLUSION Participation in any level of physical activity is associated with a lower 10-year CVD risk for overweight and obese adults. Future studies are needed to identify effective modes and doses of exercise that offer optimal CVD benefits for populations with different weight statuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Division of Population Sciences, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Rebecca E. Cash
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julie K. Bower
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Focht
- Division of Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- Division of Population Sciences, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Modulating Gut Microbiota to Improve Severity? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1881-1898. [PMID: 32044317 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, through the gut-liver axis. To date, clinical guidelines recommend a weight loss goal of 7%-10% to improve features of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. Because this target is not easily achieved by all patients, alternative therapeutic options are currently being evaluated. This review focuses on therapeutics that aim to modulate the gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis. We discuss how probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic, fecal microbiota transfer, polyphenols, specific diets, and exercise interventions have been found to modify gut microbiota signatures; improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease outcomes; and detail, when available, the different mechanisms by which these beneficial outcomes might occur. Apart from probiotics that have already been tested in human randomized controlled trials, most of these potential therapeutics have been studied in animals. Their efficacy still warrants confirmation in humans using appropriate design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS U1269, Nutriomics Research Unit, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS U1269, Nutriomics Research Unit, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile de France, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xiao Y, Zhu Q, Liu X, Jiang M, Hao H, Zhu H, Cowan PJ, He X, Liu Q, Zhou S, Liu Z. High-fat diet selectively decreases bone marrow lin - /CD117 + cell population in aging mice through increased ROS production. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:884-892. [PMID: 32337800 DOI: 10.1002/term.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) stem cells (BMSCs) are an important source for cell therapy. The outcome of cell therapy could be ultimately associated with the number and function of donor BMSCs. The present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the population of BMSCs and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging mice. Forty-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD for 3 months with regular diet as control. Experiments were repeated when ROS production was reduced in mice treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or using mice overexpressing antioxidant enzyme network (AON) of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD3, and glutathione peroxidase. BM and blood cells were analyzed with flowcytometry for lineage negative (lin- ) and Sca-1+ , or lin- /CD117+ , or lin- /CD133+ cells. Lin- /CD117+ cell population was significantly decreased with increased intracellular ROS and apoptosis and decreased proliferation in BM, not in blood, in HFD-treated mice without change for Sca-1+ or CD133+ cell populations in BM or blood. NAC treatment or AON overexpression effectively prevented HFD-induced intracellular ROS production and reduction of BM lin- /CD117+ population. These data suggested that long-term HFD selectively decreased BM lin- /CD117+ cell population in aging mice through increased ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Meng Jiang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lai YJ, Yen YF, Chen LJ, Ku PW, Chen CC, Lin YK. Association of exercise with all-cause mortality in older Taipei residents. Age Ageing 2020; 49:382-388. [PMID: 31971585 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human life expectancy has increased rapidly in recent decades. Regular exercise can promote health, but the effect of exercise on mortality is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of exercise with mortality in the older people. METHODS We used data from annual health check-ups of the older citizens of Taipei in 2006. Participants were interviewed by trained nurses using a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics and lifestyle behaviours. Overnight fasting blood was collected for measuring blood glucose, liver and renal function and lipid profiles. Exercise frequency was categorised into no exercise, 1-2 times in a week and more than 3-5 times in a week. All-cause mortality was ascertained from the National Registration of Death. All participants were followed up until death or December 312012, whichever came first. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to investigate the association between exercise and all-cause mortality. RESULTS In total, 42,047 older people were analysed; 22,838 (54.32%) were male and with a mean (SD) age of 74.58 (6.32) years. Kaplan-Meier curves of all-cause mortality stratified by exercise frequency demonstrated significant findings (Log-rank P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older people with higher exercise levels had a significantly decreased risk of mortality (moderate exercise HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68-0.81, high exercise HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.59-0.70) after adjusting for potential confounders, with a significant trend (P for trend<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Older people with increased exercise levels had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Yen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cheng CK, Luo J, Lau CW, Chen Z, Tian XY, Huang Y. Pharmacological basis and new insights of resveratrol action in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1258-1277. [PMID: 31347157 PMCID: PMC7056472 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) belongs to the family of natural phytoalexins. Resveratrol first came to our attention in 1992, following reports of the cardioprotective effects of red wine. Thereafter, resveratrol was shown to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and angio-regulatory effects against atherosclerosis, ischaemia, and cardiomyopathy. This article critically reviews the current findings on the molecular basis of resveratrol-mediated cardiovascular benefits, summarizing the broad effects of resveratrol on longevity regulation, energy metabolism, stress resistance, exercise mimetics, circadian clock, and microbiota composition. In addition, this article also provides an update, both preclinically and clinically, on resveratrol-induced cardiovascular protection and discusses the adverse and inconsistent effects of resveratrol reported in both preclinical and clinical studies. Although resveratrol has been claimed as a master anti-aging agent against several age-associated diseases, further detailed mechanistic investigation is still required to thoroughly unravel the therapeutic value of resveratrol against cardiovascular diseases at different stages of disease development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Jiang‐Yun Luo
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Zhen‐Yu Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Low Dose Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study Examining Effects on Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index Between Intensities. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:83-91. [PMID: 32006255 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of resistance exercise on vascular function are unclear. AIM To investigate the acute haemodynamic (blood pressure and augmentation index) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) response to two types of resistance exercises of equal workload-a set of unilateral 35% of one repetition maximum (1RM) quadriceps extension and a set of unilateral 70% 1RM quadriceps extension. METHODS Twenty two young healthy males completed both exercises on separate days. Heart rate, central and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx75), and RPE were measured using applanation tonometry before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5 min after exercise and 15 min after exercise. RESULTS AIx75 was significantly lower 5 min after exercising at 35% of 1RM than 70% of 1RM. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 5 min post exercise for both intensities. There was no significant difference in RPE between conditions or time points. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that changes in blood pressure and augmentation index vary depending on the intensity of resistance exercise regardless of the volume of exercise carried out. Changes in AIx75 in response to resistance exercise may be independent of changes in BP.
Collapse
|
49
|
Larina VN, Akhmatova FD, Arakelov SE, Mokhov AE, Doronina IM, Denisova NN. [Modern strategies for cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 60:111-118. [PMID: 32375623 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.3.n546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern cardiac rehabilitation represents a structured, multicomponent program, which includes physical activity, education of the patient, modification of the health behavior, and psychological and social support. In EU countries, only 44.8% of patients with ischemic heart disease receive a recommendation to participate in any form of rehabilitation, and only 36.5% of all patients presently have an access to any rehabilitation program. Systematic analysis of programs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and for rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous coronary intervention showed that complex programs can still reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and frequency of recurrent MI and stroke. These programs include key components of cardiac rehabilitation, reduction of six or more risk factors, and effective control by drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V N Larina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - F D Akhmatova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brandao CFC, Nonino CB, de Carvalho FG, Nicoletti CF, Noronha NY, San Martin R, de Freitas EC, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Marchini JS. The effects of short-term combined exercise training on telomere length in obese women: a prospective, interventional study. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 31950310 PMCID: PMC6965549 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-0235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Telomere length is inversely associated with the senescence and aging process. Parallelly, obesity can promote telomere shortening. Evidence suggests that physical activity may promote telomere elongation. Objective This study’s objective is to evaluate the effects of combined exercise training on telomere length in obese women. Design and Methods Twenty pre-menopausal women (BMI 30–40 kg/m2, 20–40 years) submitted to combined training (strength and aerobic exercises), but only 13 finished the protocol. Each exercise session lasted 55 min/day, three times a week, throughout 8 weeks. Anthropometric data, body composition, physical performance (Vo2max), and 8-h fasting blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of training. Leukocyte DNA was extracted for telomere length by RT-qPCR reaction, using the 2−ΔΔCt methodology. Results After the training intervention, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in telomere length (respectively before and after, 1.03 ± 0.04 to 1.07 ± 0.04 T/S ratio), fat-free mass (46 ± 7 to 48 ± 5 kg), Vo2max (35 ± 3 to 38 ± 3 ml/kg/min), and waist circumference (96 ± 8 to 90 ± 6 cm). In addition, an inverse correlation between waist circumference and telomere length was found, before (r = − 0.536, p = 0.017) and after (r = − 0.655, p = 0.015) exercise training. Conclusion Combined exercise promoted leukocyte telomere elongation in obese women. Besides, the data suggested that greater waist circumference may predict shorter telomere length. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT03119350. Retrospectively registered on 18 April 2017
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernanda Cunha Brandao
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Giolo de Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Yumi Noronha
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rocio San Martin
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|