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Hagège A, Puscas T, El Hachmi M, Parodi A, Bacher A, Funalot B, Wahbi K, Jeunemaître X, Damy T, Billon C. The French hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene register: A systematic large gene screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2024; 417:132542. [PMID: 39260623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the optimal approach is debated, systematic genetic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is recommended. AIMS The performance of this approach was tested in GEREMY, a HCM prospective observational French register. METHODS Screening was based on a 12-gene panel, including the Fabry disease (GLA) and the transthyretin (TTR) genes. In case of a negative result and according to the clinical profile, 17-80 gene panels of were used. RESULTS A 748 adult cohort was examined: 68.9 % male, 54.6 ± 18.1 years, 27.5 % with a HCM family history, maximal wall thickness 19.1 ± 4.8 mm. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 296 (39.6 %) patients, localized 1) in sarcomeric genes in 233, most frequently MYBPC3 (150) and MYH7 (42), with 24 identified only by large panels, with multiple variants in 8 patients and 2) in non-sarcomeric genes in 63, identified only with large panels in 26, predominantly TTR (26) and GLA(9), representing 8.8 % and 3.0 % of positive studies, respectively. Performance was 57.1 % before 40 years and 68.6 % in case of FH (vs otherwise 28.7 % and 26.1 % respectively, p < 0.001). In patients with a negative study, 148 had variants of unknown significance and 95 had senile or AL amyloidosis. CONCLUSIONS Systematic genetic screening with a limited panel showed good performance, with diagnosis of Fabry disease (∼1 %) and hereditary TTR amyloidosis (∼3.5 %). Larger targeted panels were conclusive in 35.3 % of patients, of which 12 % had a negative initial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Hagège
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM U 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France, Paris, France.
| | - Tania Puscas
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed El Hachmi
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM U 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Genetics, Paris, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Anne Bacher
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Karim Wahbi
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Genetics, Paris, France; Université de Paris, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaître
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM U 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France, Paris, France; AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Cardiology, Créteil, France
| | - Clarisse Billon
- AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires ou Rares, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM U 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France, Paris, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Blanco-López E, Martínez-Del Río J, López-Calles A, Negreira-Caamaño M, Águila-Gordo D, Soto-Martín P, Soto-Pérez MM, Cubides-Novoa AF, Gonzalez-Barderas M, Sánchez-Pérez I, Piqueras-Flores J. Cardiac amyloidosis and red flags: natural history and its impact in morbimortality. Med Clin (Barc) 2024:S0025-7753(24)00559-1. [PMID: 39419656 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Red flags (RF) are typical cardiac and extracardiac manifestations that may precede the definitive diagnosis of cardiac amiloidosis (CA) by several years, playing a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of the disease. The principal aim of the research was to determine the chronology of onset of RF throughout the natural history of CA as well as its prognostic influence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Observational, retrospective inquiry of consecutive patients with a definitive diagnosis of CA in a terciary hospital centre in Ciudad Real (Spain) between February 2016 and December 2023. We defined 21 RF and 3 adverse clinical events, establishing the date of occurrence of each of them. RESULTS 102 patients (81.6±7.7 years; 84,3% males) with a diagnosis of CA (89.2% TTR; 10,8% AL) were included. The prevalence of RF was very high (8.4±2.3). In the natural history, the first to appear were integumentary, with the most specific cardiological ones being the closest to diagnosis. The 2-year mortality was 49%, with biomarker RFs and the presence of ≥10 RFs being associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS RFs proved highly prevalent among patients with CA and substantially preceded disease diagnosis. RF burden was associated with prognosis in the follow-up of ATTR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Blanco-López
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España.
| | - Jorge Martínez-Del Río
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
| | - Alba López-Calles
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España
| | | | - Daniel Águila-Gordo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
| | - Pablo Soto-Martín
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
| | - Maria Maeve Soto-Pérez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España
| | | | - Maria Gonzalez-Barderas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, España; Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, España
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Pérez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España
| | - Jesús Piqueras-Flores
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, España; Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo, España
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Poledniczek M, Kronberger C, Willixhofer R, Ermolaev N, Cherouny B, Dachs TM, Rettl R, Binder-Rodriguez C, Camuz Ligios L, Gregshammer B, Kammerlander AA, Kastner J, Bergler-Klein J, Duca F, Badr Eslam R. Health-related quality of life is an independent predictor of mortality and hospitalisations in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a prospective cohort study. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:2743-2753. [PMID: 39105960 PMCID: PMC11452430 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is associated with severely impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL). HRQL is an independent predictor of outcome in heart failure (HF), but data on patients with ATTR-CM is scarce. This study therefore aims to evaluate the association of HRQL with outcome in ATTR-CM. METHODS Patients from our prospective ATTR-CM registry were assessed using the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ), the Minnesota living with HF questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). Cox regression analysis was utilised to assess the impact of HRQL on all-cause mortality. RESULTS 167 patients [80 years; interquartile range (IQR): 76-84; 80.8% male] were followed for a median of 27.6 (IQR: 9.7-41.8) months. The primary endpoint of all-cause mortality was met by 43 (25.7%) patients after a median period of 16.2 (IQR: 9.1-28.1) months. In a univariate Cox regression for mortality, a 10-point change in the KCCQ implied a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.815 [95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.725-0.916; p = 0.001], in the EQ-5D VAS of 0.764 (95%-CI: 0.656-0.889; p < 0.001), and 1.163 (95%-CI: 1.114-1.433; p < 0.001) in the MLHFQ. After adjustment for established biomarkers of HF, all-cause mortality was predicted independently by the EQ-5D VAS (HR: 0.8; 95%-CI: 0.649-0.986; p = 0.037; per 10 points) and the MLHFQ (HR: 1.228; 95%-CI: 1.035-1.458; p = 0.019; per 10 points). CONCLUSION HRQL is a predictor of outcome in ATTR-CM. The EQ-5D VAS and the MLHFQ predict survival independent of biomarkers of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christina Kronberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robin Willixhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Nikita Ermolaev
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Cherouny
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Theresa-Marie Dachs
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - René Rettl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christina Binder-Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Luciana Camuz Ligios
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gregshammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Anselm Kammerlander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Kastner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Franz Duca
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Roza Badr Eslam
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Li Y, Sun S, Wu H, Zhao L, Peng W. Safety assessment of Tafamidis: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) events. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:71. [PMID: 39334280 PMCID: PMC11438280 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tafamidis-associated adverse events (AEs) were investigated retrospectively by data mining the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to inform clinical safety. METHODS Data were gathered from the FAERS database, which spans the second quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2023. A total number of 8532 reports of Tafamidis-related adverse events were detected after evaluating 8,432,351 data. Disproportionality analyses were used to quantify the signal and assess the significance of Tafamidis-associated AEs using four algorithms, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN). RESULTS Among the 8532 reports of AEs with Tafamidis as the primary suspected drug, Tafamidis-induced AEs were identified as occurring in 27 system organ classes (SOC). A total of 207 Tafamidis-induced AEs were detected which simultaneously complied with the four algorithms. Our analysis also identified new adverse reactions including Hypoacusis, Deafness, and Essential hypertension. The median onset of adverse reactions associated with Tafamidis was 180 days (interquartile range [IQR] 51-419 days). CONCLUSION Tafamidis is a drug that has shown favorable safety and tolerability results in clinical trials. However, a number of adverse reactions associated with Tafamidis have been identified through analysis of the FAERS database. In clinical applications, it is recommended to closely monitor patients' hearing while using Tafamidis. In addition, it is hoped that further experimental and clinical studies will be conducted in the future to understand the mechanism of occurrence between Tafamidis and adverse reactions such as primary hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and height reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Li
- The First Clinical School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Sun
- The First Clinical School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Garcia-Pavia P, Damy T, Piriou N, Barriales-Villa R, Cappelli F, Bahus C, Munteanu C, Keohane D, Mallaina P, Elliott P. Prevalence and characteristics of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39210606 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recognition of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy is increasing due to advances in cardiac imaging and diagnostic strategies, but questions remain regarding disease frequency and characteristics. We examined the prevalence and characteristics of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in older patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of unascertained aetiology. METHODS AND RESULTS TTRACK was a multicentre, non-interventional, cross-sectional epidemiologic study funded by Pfizer and conducted in 20 hospitals and medical centres in 11 countries (NCT03842163). Eligible patients were aged ≥50 years, had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (maximal end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness ≥15 mm on echocardiogram) without an identified genetic or alternative origin at study enrolment, and underwent 99mTechnetium bone scintigraphy, with or without single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Cardiac-versus-bone uptake on scans was visually scored from 0 to 3 (Perugini scoring). Patients with grades 1-3 underwent monoclonal protein and laboratory testing and transthyretin (TTR) gene sequencing. Of 766 eligible patients, 691 (90.2%) had scintigraphy alone and 75 (9.8%) scintigraphy plus SPECT. Two hundred and eight patients (27.2%) had grade 2 or 3 cardiac uptake on scintigraphy; 144 (18.8%) had grade 2 or 3 cardiac uptake and no evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia and were diagnosed with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, 11 (7.6%) had a pathogenic TTR gene variant and 34 (23.8%), 74 (51.7%), and 35 (24.5%) had New York Heart Association class I, II, and III/IV heart failure (HF) symptoms, respectively. Clinical and laboratory diagnostic characteristics were observed in ≥90% of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. The characteristics most strongly associated with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy on multivariable analysis were carpal tunnel syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 54.3; P < 0.0001) and male sex (OR 7.9; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In the TTRACK study, almost one in five patients ≥50 years of age with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Greater awareness of the frequency and characteristics of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in older patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are needed to help improve early detection of this debilitating but treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology and French National Reference Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, and IMRB, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Piriou
- L'institut Du Thorax and Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Bellofatto IA, Nikolaou PE, Andreadou I, Canepa M, Carbone F, Ghigo A, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P, Maack C, Podesser BK, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K, Vilahur G, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Mechanisms of damage and therapies for cardiac amyloidosis: a role for inflammation? Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02522-2. [PMID: 39167195 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The term cardiac amyloidosis (CA) refers to the accumulation of extracellular amyloid deposits in the heart because of different conditions often affecting multiple organs including brain, kidney and liver. Notably, cardiac involvement significantly impacts prognosis of amyloidosis, with cardiac biomarkers playing a pivotal role in prognostic stratification. Therapeutic management poses a challenge due to limited response to conventional heart failure therapies, necessitating targeted approaches aimed at preventing, halting or reversing amyloid deposition. Mechanisms underlying organ damage in CA are multifactorial, involving proteotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mechanical interference. While the role of inflammation in CA remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests its potential contribution to disease progression as well as its utility as a therapeutic target. This review reports on the cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis, its prognostic role and how to assess it. Current and emerging therapies will be critically discussed underscoring the need for further efforts aiming at elucidating CA pathophysiology. The emerging evidence suggesting the contribution of inflammation to disease progression and its prognostic role will also be reviewed possibly offering insights into novel therapeutic avenues for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Anna Bellofatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Panagiota Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Canepa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.Go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), and Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.Go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.Go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Romero CE, Pereira NM, Morales KDP, Kerges Bueno BV, Luzuriaga GJ, Egypto Rosa VE, Rissato JH, Hotta VT, Fernandes F. Echocardiographic factors associated with thromboembolic events in patients with cardiac amyloidosis without atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 2024:S0914-5087(24)00147-3. [PMID: 39127245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is associated with various complications, and one of them are thromboembolic events (TEEs), which can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Predicting and managing the risk of these TEEs in patients without atrial fibrillation (AF) pose significant challenges, as many occur independently of AF presence. Several predictors, particularly echocardiographic ones, have been linked to an increased risk, but there is no consensus on stratification or preventive treatment. The main objective was to determine the prevalence of TEEs in a cohort of CA patients without AF and identify echocardiographic predictors. METHODS A retrospective, single-center study including confirmed CA patients. A prespecified list of variables was defined, and only patients with at least 70 % of these variables were included. Risk rates were analyzed through binary logistic regression, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 75 patients were included. Baseline characteristics are depicted in Fig. 1. Fifteen TEEs (20 %) were described, with 80 % being ischemic strokes. While diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary systolic arterial pressure (PSAP) were predictors in univariate analysis, the multivariate backward LR model identified interventricular septum diameter (IVSD) as the sole predictor, OR 1.280 (1.061-1.543), p = 0.010. It is also interesting to mention that analyzing the increase of every 3 mm in SIV, the chance of developing ETES was: OR = 2.095 (1.195-3.671), p = 0.010. CONCLUSIONS An IVSD evaluated by echocardiography demonstrated good performance capacity as a factor associated with TEEs in this cohort of patients with AC without AF. For every 3 mm increase in IVSD, the risk of developing TEEs doubles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Espinoza Romero
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natalia Melo Pereira
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin De Paula Morales
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno V Kerges Bueno
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina J Luzuriaga
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor E Egypto Rosa
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique Rissato
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane T Hotta
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Fernandes
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Holcman K, Kostkiewicz M, Szot W, Ćmiel B, Mróz K, Stępień A, Graczyk K, Dziewięcka E, Karabinowska-Małocha A, Sachajko Z, Podolec P, Rubiś P. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in patients with unexplained increased left ventricular wall thickness. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:1693-1703. [PMID: 38856962 PMCID: PMC11401791 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-024-03158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid cardiomyopathy (CA) was previously considered a rare disease; however, rapid advancements in imaging modalities have led to an increased frequency of its diagnosis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the prevalence and clinical phenotype of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) cardiomyopathy in patients exhibiting unexplained increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. From 2020 to 2022, we enrolled 100 consecutive adults with unexplained increased LV wall thickness in the study. The analysis included clinical data, electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography with 3,3-disphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid, genetic testing. Overall, 18% of patients were diagnosed with CA, comprising 5% with light-chain amyloidosis, and 12% with ATTR. To evaluate associations with the ATTR diagnosis, a LOGIT model and multivariate analysis were applied. Notably, age, polyneuropathy, gastropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar spine stenosis, low voltage, ventricular arrhythmia, LV mass, LV ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain (GLS), E/A, E/E', right ventricle (RV) thickness, right atrium area, RV VTI, TAPSE, apical sparing, ground glass appearance of myocardium, thickening of interatrial septum, thickening of valves, and the "5-5-5" sign were found to be significantly associated with ATTR (p < 0.05). The best predictive model for ATTR diagnoses exhibited an area under the curve of 0.99, including LV mass, GLS and RV thickness. This study, conducted at a cardiology referral center, revealed that a very considerable proportion of patients with unexplained increased LV wall thickness may suffer from underlying CA. Moreover, the presence of ATTR should be considered in patients with increased LV mass accompanied by reduced GLS and RV thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Holcman
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kostkiewicz
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ćmiel
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Mróz
- Students Scientific Group of Heart Failure, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stępień
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Graczyk
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Dziewięcka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karabinowska-Małocha
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Sachajko
- Students Scientific Group of Heart Failure, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Rubiś
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Haider L, Schrutka L, Tommasino E, Avanzini N, Hauck S, Nowak N, Hengstenberg C, Bonderman D, Thurnher M. Cerebrovascular Involvement in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4474. [PMID: 39124740 PMCID: PMC11312797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracardiac thrombosis is common in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), and patients are at risk for thromboembolic events. However, silent cerebral infarcts and the extent of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with cardiac amyloidosis are unknown. Methods: Thirty-two consecutively selected ATTR-CM patients were prospectively studied by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and compared with 43 CHA2DS2-VASc-matched controls (Co). Structural clinical standard cMRI sequences and features of cerebral vessel involvement were included and quantified by two board certified neuroradiologists in consensus blinded to clinical status. Group differences were estimated using generalized (logistic) linear regression models adjusting for vascular risk factors based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Results: The median CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4 for ATTR-CM and Co (p = 0.905). There were no differences between groups in the frequency of current or former smokers (p = 0.755), body-mass-index > 30 (p = 0.106), and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.869). The number of territorial infarcts (4 vs. 0, p = 0.018) was higher in ATTR-CM compared to Co, as was the mean number of cerebral microbleeds (1.4 vs. 0.3, p ≤ 0.001) and the number of Virchow-Robin spaces (43.8 vs. 20.6, p ≤ 0.001). Lacunar lesion presence was higher in ATTR-CM (6 vs. 2, p = 0.054). CHA2DS2-VASc score, atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation, and the interaction term of CHA2DS2-VASc score and atrial fibrillation did not affect the probability of a territorial ischemic lesion or lacunar lesion in logistic regression modeling. Conclusions: In patients with ATTR-CM free from clinically apparent neurological symptoms, cMRI revealed unreported significant small cerebral vessel disease and territorial ischemia. Our findings may support low thresholds for anticoagulation and cMRI in patients with ATTR-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Haider
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.H.); (E.T.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Lore Schrutka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.S.); (N.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Emanuele Tommasino
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.H.); (E.T.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicolas Avanzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.S.); (N.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Sven Hauck
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.H.); (E.T.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Nikolaus Nowak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.H.); (E.T.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.S.); (N.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Diana Bonderman
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Majda Thurnher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.H.); (E.T.); (S.H.); (N.N.); (M.T.)
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10
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Navarro-Saez MDC, Feijoo-Massó C, Berenguer Sánchez A, Parra Parente T, Guillamon Toran L, Marcano-Fernández F, Camara-Cabrera J, Bravo Ferrer ZDC, Comet Monte R, Calvet Calvo X. Early Diagnosis of Amyloidosis and Cardiac Involvement through Carpal Tunnel Surgery and Predictive Factors. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4328. [PMID: 39124595 PMCID: PMC11313137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of amyloidosis through the analysis of synovial tissue and transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in patients undergoing surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), detect predictive factors for the presence of amyloid, and assess cardiac involvement degree. Methods: A prospective study with longitudinal cohort follow-up at a teaching hospital. Patients undergoing CTS surgery from 1 January 2019 to 31 May 2021 were included. Samples from synovial and TCL tissues were examined for amyloid presence. Multivariate analysis was used to detect predictive factors of the presence of amyloid. Patients with amyloid underwent echocardiography, laboratory analyses, and scintigraphy. Results: Two hundred and forty-six patients were included. The prevalence of amyloid was 11.4% in TCL and 12.6% in synovial tissues. Age (p = 0.035; OR 1.123), bilateral CTS symptoms (p = 0.022; OR 3.647), and trigger finger (p < 0.001; OR 3.537) were predictors of the presence of amyloid. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) located in the carpus (no scintigraphic cardiac uptake or grade 0), one with light chain amyloidosis, eight with ATTR with cardiac involvement (grades 2-3), and five with ATTR in the carpus and scintigraphic uptake grade 1 (with normal echocardiogram and blood and urine tests). Conclusions: We detected amyloid in 12.6% of unselected consecutive patients who underwent CTS surgery. Biopsy in patients with CTS for amyloid detection, especially in elderly patients with bilateral symptoms and trigger finger, may be useful for the early diagnosis of amyloidosis, primarily due to transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Navarro-Saez
- Acute Geriatric Unit and Infectious Diseases Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Carlos Feijoo-Massó
- Internal Medicine Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Alex Berenguer Sánchez
- Hand Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (A.B.S.); (F.M.-F.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Tamara Parra Parente
- Pathology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Laura Guillamon Toran
- Cardiology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Francesc Marcano-Fernández
- Hand Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (A.B.S.); (F.M.-F.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Jaume Camara-Cabrera
- Hand Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (A.B.S.); (F.M.-F.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Zully del Carmen Bravo Ferrer
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Ricard Comet Monte
- Internal Medicine Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Xavier Calvet Calvo
- Gastroenterology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
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11
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Shetty NS, Pampana A, Patel N, Maurer MS, Goyal P, Li P, Arora G, Arora P. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Transthyretin Amyloidosis in the All of Us Research Program. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:1101-1111. [PMID: 38661598 PMCID: PMC11222048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with incident heart failure and incident amyloidosis and to assess the risk of CTS in pathogenic TTR genetic variant carriers. METHODS This prospective cohort study included multiethnic US adults 18 years of age and older without prevalent heart failure and amyloidosis with available genotypic data from the All of Us Research Program. The primary outcomes were incident heart failure and incident amyloidosis. The association of incident heart failure and incident amyloidosis with CTS was assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox models accounting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, statin use, and smoking status. RESULTS Of the 166,987 individuals included, the median age was 54 (38 to 66) years; 105,279 (63.0%) were female, and 92,780 (55.6%) were non-Hispanic White individuals; CTS was identified in 12,407 (7.4%) individuals. Compared with individuals without CTS, the adjusted hazard ratio for incident heart failure was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.26) in individuals with CTS. The risk of amyloidosis was ∼3-fold higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.71 to 4.77) in individuals with CTS compared with those without CTS. Individuals carrying a pathogenic TTR variant had an approximately 40% higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.65) for development of CTS compared with noncarriers. CONCLUSION Cardiac amyloidosis screening programs may use CTS as a sentinel event and use genetic testing to identify individuals at a higher risk of TTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman S Shetty
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nirav Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Parag Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Peng Li
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Garima Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL.
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12
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Bakalakos A, Monda E, Elliott PM. The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Phenocopies and Mimics of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:754-765. [PMID: 38447917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common myocardial disease defined by increased left ventricular wall thickness unexplained by loading conditions. HCM frequently is caused by pathogenic variants in sarcomeric protein genes, but several other syndromic, metabolic, infiltrative, and neuromuscular diseases can result in HCM phenocopies. This review summarizes the current understanding of these HCM mimics, highlighting their importance across the life course. The central role of a comprehensive, multiparametric diagnostic approach and the potential of precision medicine in tailoring treatment strategies are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Bakalakos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Perry Mark Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Göbel S, Braun AS, Hahad O, von Henning U, Brandt M, Keller K, Gaida MM, Gori T, Schultheiss HP, Escher F, Münzel T, Wenzel P. Etiologies and predictors of mortality in an all-comer population of patients with non-ischemic heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:737-749. [PMID: 38224373 PMCID: PMC11026225 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progress in diagnosis and therapy of heart failure (HF), etiology and risk stratification remain elusive in many patients. METHODS The My Biopsy HF Study (German clinical trials register number: DRKS22178) is a retrospective monocentric study investigating an all-comer population of patients with unexplained HF based on a thorough workup including endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). RESULTS 655 patients (70.9% men, median age 55 [45/66] years) with non-ischemic, non-valvular HF were included in the analyses. 489 patients were diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 52 patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 114 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). After a median follow-up of 4.6 (2.5/6.6) years, 94 deaths were enumerated (HFrEF: 68; HFmrEF: 8; HFpEF: 18), equating to mortality rates of 3.3% and 11.6% for patients with HFrEF, 7.7% and 15.4% for patients with HFmrEF and 5.3% and 11.4% for patients with HFpEF after 1 and 5 years, respectively. In EMB, we detected a variety of putative etiologies of HF, including incidental cardiac amyloidosis (CA, 5.8%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities only CA, age and NYHA functional class III + IV remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (CA: HRperui 3.13, 95% CI 1.5-6.51; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In an all-comer population of patients presenting with HF of unknown etiology, incidental finding of CA stands out to be independently associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that prospective trials would be helpful to test the added value of a systematic and holistic work-up of HF of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Göbel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - A S Braun
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - O Hahad
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - U von Henning
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - K Keller
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - M M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
- TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Gori
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - H P Schultheiss
- Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Escher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Münzel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Aimo A, Panichella G, Garofalo M, Gasparini S, Arzilli C, Castiglione V, Vergaro G, Emdin M, Maffei S. Sex differences in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:321-330. [PMID: 37566193 PMCID: PMC10942898 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a progressive disease characterized by the deposition of abnormal transthyretin protein fibrils in the heart, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that sex differences may play a significant role in various steps of ATTR-CA, including clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, disease progression, and treatment outcomes. ATTR-CA predominantly affects men, whereas women are older at presentation. Women generally present with a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and/or carpal tunnel syndrome. When indexed, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness is equal, or even increased, than men. Women also have smaller LV cavities, more preserved ejection fractions, and apparently a slightly worse right ventricular and diastolic function. Given the under-representation on women in clinical trials, no data regarding sex influence on the treatment response are currently available. Finally, it seems there are no differences in overall prognosis, even if premenopausal women may have a certain level of myocardial protection. Genetic variations, environmental factors, and hormonal changes are considered as potential contributors to observed disparities. Understanding sex differences in ATTR-CA is vital for accurate diagnosis and management. By considering these differences, clinicians can improve diagnostic accuracy, tailor treatments, and optimize outcomes for both sexes with ATTR-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuel Garofalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Gasparini
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Rettl R, Calabretta R, Duca F, Binder C, Kronberger C, Willixhofer R, Poledniczek M, Donà C, Nitsche C, Beitzke D, Loewe C, Auer-Grumbach M, Bonderman D, Kastl S, Hengstenberg C, Badr Eslam R, Kastner J, Bergler-Klein J, Hacker M, Kammerlander A. Reduction in 99mTc-DPD myocardial uptake with therapy of ATTR cardiomyopathy. Amyloid 2024; 31:42-51. [PMID: 37599395 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2247136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Novel ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) therapeutics such as patisiran and inotersen have been shown to benefit neurologic disease course and quality of life in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). We aimed to determine the impact of RNAi therapeutics on myocardial amyloid load using quantitative single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging in patients with ATTRv-related cardiomyopathy (ATTRv-CM). We furthermore compared them with wild-type ATTR-CM (ATTRwt-CM) patients treated with tafamidis.Methods and results: ATTRv-CM patients underwent [99mTc]-radiolabeled diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (99mTc-DPD) scintigraphy and quantitative SPECT/CT imaging before and after 12 months (IQR: 11.0-12.0) of treatment with RNAi therapeutics (patisiran: n = 5, inotersen: n = 4). RNAi treatment significantly reduced quantitative myocardial uptake as measured by standardised uptake value (SUV) retention index (baseline: 5.09 g/mL vs. follow-up: 3.19 g/mL, p = .028) in ATTRv-CM patients without significant improvement in cardiac function. Tafamidis treatment resulted in a significant reduction in SUV retention index (4.96 g/mL vs. 3.27 g/mL, p < .001) in ATTRwt-CM patients (historical control cohort: n = 40) at follow-up [9.0 months (IQR: 7.0-10.0)] without beneficial impact on cardiac function.Conclusions: RNAi therapeutics significantly reduce quantitative myocardial uptake in ATTRv-CM patients, comparable to tafamidis treatment in ATTRwt-CM patients, without impact on cardiac function. Serial 99mTc-DPD SPECT/CT imaging may be a valuable tool to quantify and monitor response to disease-specific therapies in both ATTRv-CM and ATTRwt-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rettl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaella Calabretta
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Duca
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Binder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Kronberger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Willixhofer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolina Donà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Nitsche
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Bonderman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Favoriten Clinic, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kastl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roza Badr Eslam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Kastner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kammerlander
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Merino-Merino AM, Labrador-Gomez J, Sanchez-Corral E, Delgado-Lopez PD, Perez-Rivera JA. Utility of Genetic Testing in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Brief Review. Biomedicines 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 38275387 PMCID: PMC10813439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an increasingly diagnosed condition. Although wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is the most common ATTR-CM, hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) may also occur. Currently, genetic testing for transthyretin pathogenic variants is recommended for patients with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of ATTR-CM. In fact, confirmation of this autosomal dominant pathogenic variant prompts genetic counselling and allows early identification of affected relatives. Additionally, in the presence of an ATTR-CM-associated polyneuropathy, specific drugs targeting transthyretin can be used. In this paper, we review the utility of genetic testing for the detection of pathogenic variants among patients harboring ATTR-CM and its impact on the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Merino-Merino
- Cardiology Department, Universitary Hospital of Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (J.-A.P.-R.)
| | | | - Ester Sanchez-Corral
- Cardiology Department, Universitary Hospital of Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (J.-A.P.-R.)
| | | | - Jose-Angel Perez-Rivera
- Cardiology Department, Universitary Hospital of Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (J.-A.P.-R.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
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17
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Ripoll-Vera T. Wisdom lies in applying critical clinical judgment that delves deeper than mere appearances. Apropos of a case of ventricular hypertrophy. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 76:952-953. [PMID: 37572773 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Ripoll-Vera
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares y Unidad Multidisciplinar de Amiloidosis TTR, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain.
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18
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Ahluwalia N, Roshankar G, Draycott L, Jimenez-Zepeda V, Fine N, Chan D, Han D, Miller RJH. Diagnostic accuracy of bone scintigraphy imaging for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2464-2476. [PMID: 37226006 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone scintigraphy imaging is frequently used to investigate patients with suspected transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM). However, the reported accuracy for interpretation approaches has changed over time. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of visual planar grading, heart-to-contralateral (HCL) ratio, and quantitative analysis of SPECT imaging and evaluate reasons for shifts in reported accuracy. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify studies of the diagnostic accuracy of bone scintigraphy for ATTR-CM from 1990 until February 2023 using PUBMED and EMBASE. Studies were reviewed separately by two authors for inclusion and for risk of bias assessment. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves and operating points were determined with hierarchical modeling. RESULTS Out of a total of 428 identified studies, 119 were reviewed in detail and 23 were included in the final analysis. The studies included a total of 3954 patients, with ATTR-CM diagnosed in 1337 (39.6%) patients and prevalence ranging from 21 to 73%. Visual planar grading and quantitative analysis had higher diagnostic accuracy (.99) than HCL ratio (.96). Quantitative analysis of SPECT imaging had the highest specificity (97%) followed by planar visual grade (96%) and HCL ratio (93%). ATTR-CM prevalence accounted for some of the observed between study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Bone scintigraphy imaging is highly accurate for identifying patients with ATTR-CM, with between study heterogeneity in part explained by differences in disease prevalence. We identified small differences in specificity, which may have important clinical implications when applied to low-risk screening populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanki Ahluwalia
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, GAA08, 3230 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Golnaz Roshankar
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, GAA08, 3230 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Logan Draycott
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, GAA08, 3230 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | | | - Nowell Fine
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, GAA08, 3230 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Denise Chan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donghee Han
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Imaging and Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert J H Miller
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, GAA08, 3230 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.
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19
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Damy T, Bourel G, Slama M, Algalarrondo V, Lairez O, Fournier P, Costa J, Pelcot F, Farrugia A, Zaleski ID, Lilliu H, Rault C, Bartoli M, Fievez S, Granghaud A, Rudant J, Coste A, Cosson CN, Squara PA, Narbeburu M, De Neuville B, Charron P. Incidence and survival of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy from a French nationwide study of in- and out-patient databases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:345. [PMID: 37926810 PMCID: PMC10626733 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise data about ATTR-CM incidence rates at national level are scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the annual incidence and survival of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in France between 2011 and 2019 using real world data. We used the French nationwide exhaustive data (SNDS database) gathering in- and out-patient claims. As there is no specific ICD-10 marker code for ATTR-CM, diagnosis required both amyloidosis (identified by E85. ICD-10 code or a tafamidis meglumine delivery) and a cardiovascular condition (identified by ICD-10 or medical procedure codes related to either heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction disorders or cardiomyopathies), not necessarily reported at the same visit. Patients with probable AL-form of amyloidosis or probable AA-form of amyloidosis were excluded. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2019, 8,950 patients with incident ATTR-CM were identified. Incidence rates increased from 0.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2011 to 3.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2019 (p < 0.001), reaching 2377 new cases in 2019. Sex ratios (M/F) increased from 1.52 in 2011 to 2.23 in 2019. In 2019, median age at diagnosis was 84.0 years (85.5 for women and 83.5 for men). Median survival after diagnosis was 41.9 months (95% CI [39.6, 44.1]). CONCLUSIONS This is the first estimate of nationwide ATTR-CM incidence in France using comprehensive real-world databases. We observed an increased incidence over the study period, consistent with an improvement in ATTR-CM diagnosis in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology Department, APHP Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.
- NSERM Unit U955, Team 8, Paris-Est Creteil University, Créteil, France.
| | | | - Michel Slama
- Competence Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, APHP Bichat Hospital, Cardiology Department, CRMR NNERF, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Competence Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, APHP Bichat Hospital, Cardiology Department, CRMR NNERF, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Costa
- Department of Cardiology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | | | - Agnès Farrugia
- Association Française Contre L'Amylose, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Durand Zaleski
- Paris University, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, AP-HP, Public Health Henri Mondor Hospital & URCEco, Hotel Dieu Hospital, 75004, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Charron
- APHP, Department of Genetics & Department of Cardiology, Referral Center for Hereditary or Rare Cardiac Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) occurs when the insoluble fibrils formed by misfolded precursor proteins deposit in cardiac tissues. The early clinical manifestations of CA are not evident, but it is easy to progress to refractory heart failure with an inferior prognosis. Echocardiography is the most commonly adopted non-invasive modality of imaging to visualize cardiac structures and functions, and the preferred modality in the evaluation of patients with cardiac symptoms and suspected CA, which plays a vital role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and long-term management of CA. The present review summarizes the echocardiographic manifestations of CA, new echocardiographic techniques, and the application of multi-parametric echocardiographic models in CA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenfeng He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Dorbala S, Kijewski MF. Molecular Imaging of Systemic and Cardiac Amyloidosis: Recent Advances and Focus on the Future. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:20S-28S. [PMID: 37918844 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infiltration by amyloid fibrils causes a severe and progressive form of heart failure. Until recently, this was not treatable. Several novel therapies have recently become available, increasing the urgency to make an accurate diagnosis, evaluate risk, and determine treatment response. Molecular imaging with positron-emitting amyloid tracers has a key emerging role in the evaluation and management of cardiac amyloidosis. In this review, we discuss molecular imaging of cardiac amyloidosis using amyloid PET tracers, including recent advances with a focus on the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Dorbala
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- CV Imaging Program, Cardiovascular Division and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie Foley Kijewski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Ye M, Liu X, Gu Z, Sun J, Dong Y, Chen Y, Liu C, Wu Z, Zhu W. A simple ATTR-CM score to identify transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy burden in HFpEF patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14045. [PMID: 37357789 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is often found in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the evidence regarding ATTR-CM and prognosis in HFpEF remains scarce. This study sought to determine whether the ATTR-CM burden was associated with clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients. METHODS We evaluated the associations of baseline ATTR-CM score with adverse outcomes in HFpEF patients from the TOPCAT trial using the Cox proportional hazards model or the competing risk regression model. The discriminatory ability of the ATTR-CM score was assessed using the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS We included 870 HFpEF patients, 18.9% of which had an ATTR-CM score ≥6. Per 1 increment in the ATTR-CM score was significantly associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.27) with an AUC of 0.652 (0.594-0.711), whereas patients with ATTR-CM score ≥6 presented higher risks of the primary outcome (adjusted HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.65-2.95). Similar results were observed toward the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The simple ATTR-CM score identified an 18.9% ATTR-CM burden in HFpEF patients, and a higher ATTR-CM burden might predict adverse outcomes with moderate discriminatory abilities in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Brito D, Albrecht FC, de Arenaza DP, Bart N, Better N, Carvajal-Juarez I, Conceição I, Damy T, Dorbala S, Fidalgo JC, Garcia-Pavia P, Ge J, Gillmore JD, Grzybowski J, Obici L, Piñero D, Rapezzi C, Ueda M, Pinto FJ. World Heart Federation Consensus on Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Glob Heart 2023; 18:59. [PMID: 37901600 PMCID: PMC10607607 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and fatal condition that requires early diagnosis, management, and specific treatment. The availability of new disease-modifying therapies has made successful treatment a reality. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy can be either age-related (wild-type form) or caused by mutations in the TTR gene (genetic, hereditary forms). It is a systemic disease, and while the genetic forms may exhibit a variety of symptoms, a predominant cardiac phenotype is often present. This document aims to provide an overview of ATTR-CM amyloidosis focusing on cardiac involvement, which is the most critical factor for prognosis. It will discuss the available tools for early diagnosis and patient management, given that specific treatments are more effective in the early stages of the disease, and will highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and of specialized amyloidosis centres. To accomplish these goals, the World Heart Federation assembled a panel of 18 expert clinicians specialized in TTR amyloidosis from 13 countries, along with a representative from the Amyloidosis Alliance, a patient advocacy group. This document is based on a review of published literature, expert opinions, registries data, patients' perspectives, treatment options, and ongoing developments, as well as the progress made possible via the existence of centres of excellence. From the patients' perspective, increasing disease awareness is crucial to achieving an early and accurate diagnosis. Patients also seek to receive care at specialized amyloidosis centres and be fully informed about their treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Brito
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabiano Castro Albrecht
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology – Cardiac Amyloidosis Center Dante Pazzanese Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole Bart
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathan Better
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Monash University and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Isabel Conceição
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, CHULN – Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Portugal, Portugal
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CV imaging program, Cardiovascular Division and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Julian D. Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathy, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Fausto J. Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Mohty D, Omer MH, Ahmad O, Alayary I, Alzahrani T, Damy T, Fadel B. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East: insights, projected prevalence and practical applications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1265681. [PMID: 37953763 PMCID: PMC10634293 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1265681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Mohty
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Alayary
- Rare Diseases Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc., Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Department of Cardiology, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Clinical Investigation Center 006, DHU A-TVB INSERM U955 all at CHU Henri Mondor, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Bahaa Fadel
- Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Ando Y, Waddington-Cruz M, Sekijima Y, Koike H, Ueda M, Konishi H, Ishii T, Coelho T. Optimal practices for the management of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: real-world experience from Japan, Brazil, and Portugal. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:323. [PMID: 37828588 PMCID: PMC10571420 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a rare and autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutations in the transthyretin gene. Patients present with diverse symptoms related to sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy, as well as gastrointestinal, ocular, cardiac, renal and orthopedic symptoms, resulting from the deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in multiple organs. The progressive nature of ATTRv amyloidosis necessitates pre- and post-onset monitoring of the disease. This review article is primarily based on a collation of discussions from a medical advisory board meeting in August 2021. In this article, we summarize the best practices in amyloidosis centers in three major endemic countries for ATTRv amyloidosis (Japan, Brazil, and Portugal), where most patients carry the Val30Met mutation in the transthyretin gene and the patients' genetic background was proven to be the same. The discussions highlighted the similarities and differences in the management of asymptomatic gene mutation carriers among the three countries in terms of the use of noninvasive tests and tissue biopsies and timing of starting the investigations. In addition, this article discusses a set of practical tests and examinations for monitoring disease progression applicable to neurologists working in diverse medical settings and generalizable in non-endemic countries and areas. This set of assessments consists of periodic (every 6 to 12 months) evaluations of patients' nutritional status and autonomic, renal, cardiac, ophthalmologic, and neurological functions. Physical examinations and patient-reported outcome assessments should be also scheduled every 6 to 12 months. Programs for monitoring gene mutation carriers and robust referral networks can aid in appropriate patient management in pre- to post-onset stages. For pre- and post-symptom onset testing for ATTRv amyloidosis, various noninvasive techniques are available; however, their applicability differs depending on the medical setting in each country and region, and the optimal option should be selected in view of the clinical settings, medical environment, and available healthcare resources in each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Marcia Waddington-Cruz
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Teresa Coelho
- Andrade's Center for Familial Amyloidosis, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Damy T, Zaroui A, de Tournemire M, Kharoubi M, Gounot R, Galat A, Guendouz S, Funalot B, Itti E, Roulin L, Audard V, Fanen P, Leroy V, Poulot E, Belhadj K, Mallet S, Deep Singh Chadah G, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Gendre T, Chevalier X, Guignard S, Bequignon E, Bartier S, Folliguet T, Lemonier F, Audureau E, Tixier D, Canoui-Poitrine F, Lefaucheur JP, Souvannanorath S, Authier FJ, Maupou S, Hittinger L, Molinier-Frenkel V, David JP, Broussier A, Oghina S, Teiger E. Changes in amyloidosis phenotype over 11 years in a cardiac amyloidosis referral centre cohort in France. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:433-446. [PMID: 37640624 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early cardiac amyloidosis (CA) diagnosis enables patients to access effective treatments for better long-term outcomes, yet it remains under-recognised, misdiagnosed and inadequately managed. AIM To reduce diagnostic delays, we aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and changes over an 11-year period. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of all patients referred to the Henri-Mondor Hospital for suspected CA. RESULTS Overall, 3194 patients were identified and 3022 were included and analysed. Our patients came from varied ethnic backgrounds, and more than half (55.2%) had confirmed CA. Over 11 years, referrals increased 4.4-fold, mostly from cardiologists. Notably, wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) became the predominant diagnosis, with referrals increasing 15-fold from 20 in 2010-2012 to 308 in 2019-2020. The number of amyloid light chain (AL) diagnoses increased, whilst variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) numbers remained relatively stable. Concerning disease severity, AL patients presented more frequently with severe cardiac involvement whereas an increasing number of ATTRwt patients presented with National Amyloid Centre stage I (22.0% in 2013-2014 to 45.9% in 2019-2020). Lastly, among patients diagnosed with ATTRv in 2019-2020, 83.9% had ATTR Val122Ile cardiac phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that increasing cardiologist awareness and referrals have increased CA diagnoses. With improved awareness and non-invasive diagnostic techniques, more patients with ATTRwt with milder disease and more ATTRv Val122Ile mutations are being referred and diagnosed. Although more AL cases are being recognised, patients are diagnosed with severe cardiac involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France.
| | - Amira Zaroui
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Marie de Tournemire
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Romain Gounot
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Arnault Galat
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Soulef Guendouz
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Genetic Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Nuclear Medicine, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Louise Roulin
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Nephrology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Hepatology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Genetic Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Hepatology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Elsa Poulot
- Genetic Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Pathology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Karim Belhadj
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sophie Mallet
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Gagan Deep Singh Chadah
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Violaine Planté-Bordeneuve
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Neurology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Thierry Gendre
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Neurology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Xavier Chevalier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Rheumatology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sandra Guignard
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Rheumatology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Otorhinolaryngologist Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sophie Bartier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Otorhinolaryngologist Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Thierry Folliguet
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - François Lemonier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Denis Tixier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; DMU care, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Florence Canoui-Poitrine
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Neurophysiology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sarah Souvannanorath
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Neurohistomyology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Francois-Jerome Authier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Neurohistomyology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Steven Maupou
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Immunology Department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Department of Geriatrics, AP-HP, Hopitaux Henri-Mondor/Emile-Roux, 94456 Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Amaury Broussier
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; Department of Geriatrics, AP-HP, Hopitaux Henri-Mondor/Emile-Roux, 94456 Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Silvia Oghina
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, all at Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 94010 Creteil, France; Cardiology department, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, 94010 Creteil, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA) Geriatrics, Primary Care and Public Health, 94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, Inserm, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
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27
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Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, Arbustini E, Barriales-Villa R, Basso C, Bezzina CR, Biagini E, Blom NA, de Boer RA, De Winter T, Elliott PM, Flather M, Garcia-Pavia P, Haugaa KH, Ingles J, Jurcut RO, Klaassen S, Limongelli G, Loeys B, Mogensen J, Olivotto I, Pantazis A, Sharma S, Van Tintelen JP, Ware JS, Kaski JP. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3503-3626. [PMID: 37622657 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 407.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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28
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Czepluch F. [Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:823-829. [PMID: 37540258 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure and arrhythmia. This differential diagnosis should particularly be considered in older patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) who are also suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or aortic valve stenosis. ATTR-CM is caused either by a genetic variation or by aging processes. The extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils in the heart causes a restrictive cardiomyopathy, which leads to typical heart failure symptoms as well as cardiac conduction and repolarization disturbances. Extracardiac problems such as a carpal tunnel syndrome can also be indicative for ATTR-CM. The disease can be diagnosed either by a myocardial biopsy or alternatively by a positive bone scintigraphy with the simultaneous exclusion of monoclonal proteins in blood and urine. Besides a symptomatic treatment, the transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer tafamidis is now available, which can significantly delay the disease progress. In the coming years, the approval of further drugs for the treatment of ATTR-CM is to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Czepluch
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
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29
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Moody WE, Turvey-Haigh L, Knight D, Coats CJ, Cooper RM, Schofield R, Robinson S, Harkness A, Oxborough DL, Gillmore JD, Whelan C, Augustine DX, Fontana M, Steeds RP. British Society of Echocardiography guideline for the transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of cardiac amyloidosis. Echo Res Pract 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 37653443 PMCID: PMC10468878 DOI: 10.1186/s44156-023-00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
These guidelines form an update of the BSE guideline protocol for the assessment of restrictive cardiomyopathy (Knight et al. in Echo Res Prac, 2013). Since the original recommendations were conceived in 2013, there has been an exponential rise in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis fuelled by increased clinician awareness, improvements in cardiovascular imaging as well as the availability of new and effective disease modifying therapies. The initial diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis can be challenging and is often not clear-cut on the basis of echocardiography, which for most patients presenting with heart failure symptoms remains the first-line imaging test. The role of a specialist echocardiographer will be to raise the suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis when appropriate, but the formal diagnosis of amyloid sub-type invariably requires further downstream testing. This document seeks to provide a focused review of the literature on echocardiography in cardiac amyloidosis highlighting its important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and screening of at risk individuals, before concluding with a suggested minimum data set, for use as an aide memoire when reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Moody
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Lauren Turvey-Haigh
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Daniel Knight
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert M Cooper
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Allan Harkness
- East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, UK
| | - David L Oxborough
- Sports and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carol Whelan
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel X Augustine
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Department For Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Division of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard P Steeds
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Zhang W, Ding J, Wang W, Wang D, Pan Y, Xu D. Status and Future Directions of Therapeutics and Prognosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:581-597. [PMID: 37457506 PMCID: PMC10348342 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s414821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of aberrant proteins in the heart causes cardiac amyloidosis, an uncommon and complicated illness. It can be classified into two main types: light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR). The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is challenging due to its non-specific clinical presentation and lack of definitive diagnostic tests. Diagnostic accuracy has increased with the advent of modern imaging methods, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Depending on the severity of cardiac amyloidosis, a number of treatments may be attempted and specified according to the subtype of amyloidosis and the presence of complications. However, there are still significant challenges in treating this condition due to its complexity and lack of effective treatments. The prognosis for patients with cardiac amyloidosis is poor. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, there is still a need for more effective treatments to improve outcomes for patients with this condition. Therefore, we aim to review the current and future therapeutics reported in the literature and among ongoing clinical trials recruiting patients with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Electrodiagnosis, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinping Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Tomasoni D, Bonfioli GB, Aimo A, Adamo M, Canepa M, Inciardi RM, Lombardi CM, Nardi M, Pagnesi M, Riccardi M, Vergaro G, Vizzardi E, Emdin M, Metra M. Treating amyloid transthyretin cardiomyopathy: lessons learned from clinical trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1154594. [PMID: 37288260 PMCID: PMC10242061 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing awareness of the disease, new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic opportunities have dramatically changed the management of patients with amyloid transthyretin cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Supportive therapies have shown limited benefits, mostly related to diuretics for the relief from signs and symptoms of congestion in patients presenting heart failure (HF). On the other hand, huge advances in specific (disease-modifying) treatments occurred in the last years. Therapies targeting the amyloidogenic cascade include several pharmacological agents that inhibit hepatic synthesis of TTR, stabilize the tetramer, or disrupt fibrils. Tafamidis, a TTR stabilizer that demonstrated to prolong survival and improve quality of life in the ATTR-ACT trial, is currently the only approved drug for patients with ATTR-CM. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) patisiran and the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inotersen have been approved for the treatment of patients with hereditary ATTR polyneuropathy regardless of the presence of cardiac involvement, with patisiran also showing preliminary benefits on the cardiac phenotype. Ongoing phase III clinical trials are investigating another siRNA, vutrisiran, and a novel ASO formulation, eplontersen, in patients with ATTR-CM. CRISPR-Cas9 represents a promising strategy of genome editing to obtain a highly effective blockade of TTR gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Bonfioli
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Canepa
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS OSpedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo M. Inciardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matilde Nardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Riccardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Mazzarotto F, Argirò A, Zampieri M, Magri C, Giotti I, Boschi B, Frusconi S, Gennarelli M, Buxbaum J, Polimanti R, Olivotto I, Perfetto F, Cappelli F. Investigation on the high recurrence of the ATTRv-causing transthyretin variant Val142Ile in central Italy. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:541-547. [PMID: 36380086 PMCID: PMC10172197 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p.Val142Ile variant in transthyretin (encoded by the TTR gene) is the most common genetic cause of transthyretin-related amyloidosis. This allele is particularly prevalent in communities ofAfrican descent compared with populations of different ancestries, where its frequency is two orders of magnitude lower. For this reason, p.Val142Ile has always been considered an "African" variant, with limited studies performed on individuals of European descent. However, recent reports of higher-than-expected prevalence in European-ancestry populations question the African specificity of this allele. Here we show that the high recurrence of p.Val142Ile in central Italy is due to a founder effect and not to recent admixture from African populations, highlighting how this may be the case in other communities. This suggests a probable underestimate of the global prevalence of p.Val142Ile, and further emphasizes the importance of routine inclusion of TTR in gene panels used for clinical genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (independently of the patient's geographical origin), that transthyretin-related amyloidosis can mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alessia Argirò
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Giotti
- Genetics Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Joel Buxbaum
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Perfetto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Amyloidosis Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Navarro-Saez MDC, Feijoo-Massó C, Bravo Ferrer ZDC, Oliva Morera JC, Balado González AM, Palau-Domínguez A, Guillamon Toran L, Comet Monte R, Fernández-Codina A. Trends in diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis: 3-year analysis of scintigraphic studies: Prevalence of myocardial uptake and its predictor factors. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2023:10.1007/s10554-023-02840-y. [PMID: 37005954 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of myocardial uptake (MU) and to identify predictors of MU in patients undergoing scintigraphy. Retrospective single-center series of technetium-99 m-labelled 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (99mTc-DPD) scans performed from March 2017 to March 2020. All patients undergoing scintigraphy were included, except those with preexisting amyloidosis. The features of MU, patients' characteristics and comorbidities were documented. Multivariate analysis was used to find items predicting MU. A total of 3,629 99mTc-DPD scans (total 11,444) were performed in patients aged > 70. The overall prevalence of MU was 2.7% (82/3,629); 1.2% in 2017-2018, to 2% in 2018-2019, and to 3.7% in 2019-2020. The prevalence of MU in patients without suspected cardiomyopathy was 1.2%; 1.1% in 2017-2018, 1.5% in 2018-2019 and 1% in 2019-2020. There is an increase in the number of requests due to suspected cardiomyopathy from 0.2% in 2017-2018 to 1.4% in 2018-2019 and to 4.8% in 2019-2020. Age, male sex, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, aortic stenosis, and carpal tunnel syndrome were found to be predictors of MU. In patients without heart failure, only age, atrial fibrillation, and carpal tunnel syndrome were predicted MU. The prevalence of MU in scintigraphic studies surged over time due to the incremental referrals under the indication of cardiomyopathy workup. Atrial fibrillation and carpal tunnel syndrome were predictors for MU in patients without heart failure. Identifying patients with MU and no heart failure for extended screening for ATTR can lead to an earlier diagnosis and application of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Navarro-Saez
- Acute Geriatric Unit and Complex Chronic Patient, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Feijoo-Massó
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain, Parc Taulí S/N, 08208.
| | | | - Joan Carles Oliva Morera
- Clinical Trials Unit, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Andrea María Balado González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain, Parc Taulí S/N, 08208
| | - Alba Palau-Domínguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain, Parc Taulí S/N, 08208
| | - Laura Guillamon Toran
- Department of Cardiology, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ricard Comet Monte
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain, Parc Taulí S/N, 08208
| | - Andreu Fernández-Codina
- Divisions of Rheumatology (London and Windsor Campuses) and General Internal Medicine (Windsor Campus), Western University, London, ON, Canada
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34
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Belfeki N, Ghriss N, Monchi M, Moini C. State of the Art of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041045. [PMID: 37189662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is defined by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins in the heart. The most frequent cases of cardiac amyloidosis are caused by transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis. This condition is underdiagnosed, and its incidence has been continuously rising in recent studies because of the aging of the population and the development of noninvasive multimodal diagnostic tools. Amyloid infiltration affects all cardiac tunics and causes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, aortic stenosis, arrythmia, and conductive disorder. Innovative, specific therapeutic approaches have demonstrated an improvement in affected organs and the global survival of patients. This condition is no longer considered rare and incurable. Thus, better knowledge of the disease is mandatory. This review will provide a digest of the clinical signs and symptoms of cardiac amyloidosis, the diagnostic tools used to confirm the diagnosis, and current symptomatic and etiopathogenic management considerations according to guidelines and recommendations.
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Naito T, Nakamura K, Abe Y, Watanabe H, Sakuragi S, Katayama Y, Kihara H, Okizaki A, Kawai Y, Yoshikawa M, Takaishi A, Fujio H, Otsuka H, Ogura S, Ito H, Nomura N, Matsumura Y, Nakashima M, Nikaido K, Ono T, Kawamura K, Arai J, Tobita S, Takahashi S, Tanimoto M. Prevalence of transthyretin amyloidosis among heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction in Japan. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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36
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Kessler L, Fragoso Costa P, Kersting D, Jentzen W, Weber M, Lüdike P, Carpinteiro A, Oubari S, Hagenacker T, Thimm A, Rassaf T, Herrmann K, Papathanasiou M, Rischpler C. Quantitative 99mTc-DPD-SPECT/CT assessment of cardiac amyloidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:101-111. [PMID: 35562639 PMCID: PMC9984322 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is responsible for the majority of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) cases and can be reliably diagnosed with bone scintigraphy and the visual Perugini score. We aimed to implement a quantification method of cardiac amyloid deposits in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis and to compare performance to visual scoring. METHODS AND MATERIALS 136 patients received 99mTc-DPD-bone scintigraphy including SPECT/CT of the thorax in case of suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis. Imaging phantom studies were performed to determine the scaling factor for standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification from SPECT/CT. Myocardial tracer uptake was quantified in a whole heart volume of interest. RESULTS Forty-five patients were diagnosed with CA. A strong relationship between cardiac SUVmax and Perugini score was found (Spearman r 0.75, p < 0.0001). Additionally, tracer uptake in bone decreased with increasing cardiac SUVmax and Perugini score (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis revealed good performance of the SUVmax for the detection of ATTR-CA with AUC of 0.96 ± 0.02 (p < 0.0001) with sensitivity 98.7% and specificity 87.2%. CONCLUSION We demonstrate an accessible and accurate quantitative SPECT approach in CA. Quantitative assessment of the cardiac tracer uptake may improve diagnostic accuracy and risk classification. This method may enable monitoring and assessment of therapy response in patients with ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kessler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Pedro Fragoso Costa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Walter Jentzen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Lüdike
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Tumor Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Oubari
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Tumor Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Thimm
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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37
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Chan JSK, Ciobanu A, Liu Y, Gkouziouta A, Liu T. Editorial: Novel phenotyping and risk stratification strategies for heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1115991. [PMID: 36684557 PMCID: PMC9850157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
- Heart Failure and Structural Heart Disease Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan ✉
| | - Ana Ciobanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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38
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Aimo A, Merlo M, Porcari A, Georgiopoulos G, Pagura L, Vergaro G, Sinagra G, Emdin M, Rapezzi C. Redefining the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis of screening studies. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:2342-2351. [PMID: 35509173 PMCID: PMC10084346 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS An algorithm for non-invasive diagnosis of amyloid transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) and novel disease-modifying therapies have prompted an active search for CA. We examined the prevalence of CA in different settings based on literature data. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic search for screening studies on CA, focusing on the prevalence, sex and age distribution in different clinical settings. The prevalence of CA in different settings was as follows: bone scintigraphy for non-cardiac reasons (n = 5 studies), 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0%-1%); heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (n = 6), 12% (95% CI 6%-20%); heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (n = 2), 10% (95% CI 6%-15%); conduction disorders warranting pacemaker implantation (n = 1), 2% (95% CI 0%-4%); surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 3), 7% (95% CI 5%-10%); hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype (n = 2), 7% (95% CI 5%-9%); severe aortic stenosis (n = 7), 8% (95% CI 5%-13%); autopsy series of 'unselected' elderly individuals (n = 4), 21% (95% CI 7%-39%). The average age of CA patients in the different settings ranged from 74 to 90 years, and the percentage of men from 50% to 100%. Many patients had ATTR-CA, but the average percentage of patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) CA was up to 18%. CONCLUSIONS Searching for CA in specific settings allows to identify a relatively high number of cases who may be eligible for treatment if the diagnosis is unequivocal. ATTR-CA accounts for many cases of CA across the different settings, but AL-CA is not infrequent. Median age at diagnosis falls in the eighth or ninth decades, and many patients diagnosed with CA are women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Linda Pagura
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy
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Rowin EJ, Ruberg FL, Das G, Higgins D, Lipe WC, Bokhari N, Dehn M, Maron BJ, Maron MS. Identification of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Among Patients Previously Diagnosed With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e014938. [PMID: 36448453 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Rowin
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington MA (E.J.R., B.J.M., M.S.M.)
| | - Frederick L Ruberg
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (F.L.R.)
| | - Gaurav Das
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Daniel Higgins
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Willard C Lipe
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Nadia Bokhari
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Monica Dehn
- CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Barry J Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington MA (E.J.R., B.J.M., M.S.M.).,CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA (G.D., D.H., W.C.L., N.B., M.D.)
| | - Martin S Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center at Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington MA (E.J.R., B.J.M., M.S.M.)
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40
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Gonzalez-Lopez E, Escobar-Lopez L, Obici L, Saturi G, Bezard M, Saith SE, AbouEzzeddine OF, Mussinelli R, Gagliardi C, Kharoubi M, Griffin JM, Dispenzieri A, Vilches S, Perlini S, Longhi S, Oghina S, Rivas A, Grogan M, Maurer MS, Damy T, Palladini G, Rapezzi C, Garcia-Pavia P. Prognosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Without Heart Failure Symptoms. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:442-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Debonnaire P, Claeys M, De Smet M, Trenson S, Lycke M, Demeester C, Van Droogenbroeck J, De Vriese AS, Verhoeven K, Vantomme N, Van Meirhaeghe J, Willandt B, Lambert M, de Paepe P, Delanote J, De Geeter F, Tavernier R. Trends in diagnosis, referral, red flag onset, patient profiles and natural outcome of de novo cardiac amyloidosis and their multidisciplinary implications. Acta Cardiol 2022; 77:791-804. [PMID: 34565298 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1976450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Effects of growing disease awareness, diagnostic ameliorations and novel treatment options on CA diagnosis and management are scarcely reported. OBJECTIVE To report trends in diagnosis, referral routes, clinical presentation, early onset diagnostic red flags and outcome in de novo CA subjects. METHODS An unselected cohort of 139 de novo CA patients over an 8-year period in a tertiary referral hospital was recruited. RESULTS Transthyretin (ATTR, 82%, n = 114) was the most common CA form; Light-chain (AL, 15%, n = 21) and secondary (AA, 3%, n = 4) are less prevalent. Increased awareness over time led to a marked ATTR diagnostic surge, steep non-invasive diagnostic approach increment and increased nuclear medicine and external cardiologist referrals (all p < 0.001). A total of 41% (n = 57/139) of patients were referred by non-cardiology specialist disciplines. Specific referral to rule out CA (24-36%) and diagnostic time lag from symptom onset (9 ± 12 to 8 ± 14 months), however, did not improve (all p > 0.050). Multiple early red flag events preceded CA diagnose several years in ATTR: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, 60%, 4.9 ± 4.3 y), heart failure (54%, 2.5 ± 3.5 y), atrial fibrillation (47%, 5.9 ± 6.7 y), bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (43%, 9.5 ± 5.7 y) and spinal stenosis (40%, 7.4 ± 6.5 y). LVH ≥ 12 mm was absent in 11% ATTR (n = 13/114) and 5% AL (n = 1/21) patients. Hypertension was common in both ATTR (n = 70/114, 62%) and AL (n = 10/21, 48%). 56% (n = 78/139) of CA presented with heart failure. Cumulative 1 and 5-year mortality of 10%/66%, 40%/52% and 75%/75% for ATTR, AL, and AA, respectively, remains high. CONCLUSIONS Although CA diagnostic uptake and referral improve, specialist-specific disease and diagnostic red flag ignorance result in non-timely diagnosis and unfavourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Debonnaire
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Mathias Claeys
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Smet
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Michelle Lycke
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demeester
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Droogenbroeck
- Department of Haematology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - An S De Vriese
- Department of Nephrology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Kristof Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Nikolaas Vantomme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Meirhaeghe
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Barbara Willandt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Margareta Lambert
- Department of Geriatry, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Pascale de Paepe
- Departments of Pathology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Joost Delanote
- Departments of Radiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Frank De Geeter
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Rene Tavernier
- Departments of Cardiology, Bruges Amyloidosis Centre, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
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Porcari A, Fontana M, Gillmore JD. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3517-3535. [PMID: 35929637 PMCID: PMC9897687 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure (HF) and mortality worldwide. Advances in non-invasive diagnosis, coupled with the development of effective treatments, have shifted ATTR-CA from a rare and untreatable disease to a relatively prevalent condition that clinicians should consider on a daily basis. Amyloid fibril formation results from age-related failure of homoeostatic mechanisms in wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis (non-hereditary form) or destabilizing mutations in variant ATTR (ATTRv) amyloidosis (hereditary form). Longitudinal large-scale studies in the United States suggest an incidence of cardiac amyloidosis in the contemporary era of 17 per 100 000, which has increased from a previous estimate of 0.5 per 100 000, which was almost certainly due to misdiagnosis and underestimated. The presence and degree of cardiac involvement is the leading cause of mortality both in ATTRwt and ATTRv amyloidosis, and can be identified in up to 15% of patients hospitalized for HF with preserved ejection fraction. Associated features, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, can preceed by several years the development of symptomatic HF and may serve as early disease markers. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance raise suspicion of disease and might offer markers of treatment response at a myocardial level, such as extracellular volume quantification. Radionuclide scintigraphy with 'bone' tracers coupled with biochemical tests may differentiate ATTR from light chain amyloidosis. Therapies able to slow or halt ATTR-CA progression and increase survival are now available. In this evolving scenario, early disease recognition is paramount to derive the greatest benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldostefano Porcari
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK,Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Marianna Fontana
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 2074332764; fax: +44 2044332817; E-mail:
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Tshori S, Livschitz S, Volodarsky I, Goland S, Shimoni S, Fabrikant J, George J. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Scintigraphy Using Planar D-SPECT on Dedicated Cardiac CZT Camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1995-2000. [PMID: 33977371 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone scintigraphy is a main diagnostic tool in suspected ATTR patients. Almost all literature is based on conventional whole body gamma cameras, and there is very sparse data evaluating the use of dedicated cardiac CZT cameras. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of bone scintigraphy in suspected transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) patients on a dedicated cardiac CZT camera. METHODS Seventy-three patients with suspected ATTR-CA underwent planar and SPECT Tc-99 m pyrophosphate scintigraphy using dedicated cardiac CZT camera between May and August 2019. RESULTS Planar D-SPECT image quality was mostly good. Six patients were identified as ATTR-CA positive. Inter-observer agreement based on both Perugini score and on planar D-SPECT H/CL ratio was excellent. CONCLUSIONS ATTR-CA scintigraphy using dedicated cardiac CZT camera was feasible, and yielded planar D-SPECT images with excellent inter-observer agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Tshori
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel.
- Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Shay Livschitz
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel
| | - Igor Volodarsky
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel
| | - Sorel Goland
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Shimoni
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Fabrikant
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel
| | - Jacob George
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Pasternak St., 1, Rehovot, 7661041, Israel.
- The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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44
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Oghina S, Delbarre MA, Poullot E, Belhadj K, Fanen P, Damy T. [Cardiac amyloidosis: State of art in 2022]. Rev Med Interne 2022; 43:537-544. [PMID: 35870985 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The 3 main types of cardiac amyloidosis are linked to two protein precursors: AL amyloidosis secondary to free light chain deposits in the context of monoclonal gammopathy (mainly of undetermined significance or myeloma) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), comprising wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt for wild type) and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv for variant). These diseases are underdiagnosed and highly prevalent in common cardiac phenotypes in recent studies (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, severe aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Myocardial amyloid infiltration affects all cardiac structures and clinically promotes predominantly heart failure, conductive disorders and cardioembolic events. The search for extracardiac signs makes it possible to arouse diagnostic suspicion. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography and cardiac MRI can suspect cardiac amyloidosis. The diagnostic confirmation follows a simple algorithm including a systematic search for monoclonal gammapathy and a disphosphonate scintigraphy. Histological proof is necessary in case of AL or ATTR amyloidosis with concomitant monoclonal gammopathy in order to initiate specific treatment. Due to the late disease onset in ATTRv, genetic testing must be routine in all cases of ATTR. These diseases are no longer perceived as incurable since recent therapeutic innovations. A better knowledge of the disease is more than ever necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oghina
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - M A Delbarre
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - E Poullot
- Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - K Belhadj
- Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Service d'hématologie lymphoïde, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - P Fanen
- Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Service de génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), FHU SENEC, 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - T Damy
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Centre de référence national des amyloses cardiaques et réseau amylose Mondor, Filière Cardiogen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), FHU SENEC, 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94010 Créteil, France
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45
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Rossi M, Varrà GG, Porcari A, Saro R, Pagura L, Lalario A, Dore F, Bussani R, Sinagra G, Merlo M. Re-Definition of the Epidemiology of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071566. [PMID: 35884871 PMCID: PMC9313045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), traditionally considered a rare and incurable disease, has changed drastically over the last ten years, particularly due to the advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic options in the field of transthyretin CA (ATTR-CA). On the one hand, the possibility of employing cardiac scintigraphy with bone tracers to diagnose ATTR-CA without a biopsy has unveiled the real prevalence of the disease; on the other, the emergence of effective treatments, such as tafamidis, has rendered an early and accurate diagnosis critical. Interestingly, the following subgroups of patients have been found to have a higher prevalence of CA: elderly subjects > 75 years, patients with cardiac hypertrophy hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, subjects operated on for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, patients with cardiac hypertrophy not explained by concomitant factors and individuals with aortic valve stenosis. Many studies investigating the prevalence of CA in these particular populations have contributed to rewriting the epidemiology of the disease, increasing the awareness of the medical community for a previously underappreciated condition. In this review, we summarized the latest evidence on the epidemiology of CA according to the different clinical settings typically associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Rossi
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Guerino Giuseppe Varrà
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Riccardo Saro
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Linda Pagura
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Lalario
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Franca Dore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoracic Department, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Merlo
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Dispenzieri A, Coelho T, Conceição I, Waddington-Cruz M, Wixner J, Kristen AV, Rapezzi C, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Gonzalez-Moreno J, Maurer MS, Grogan M, Chapman D, Amass L. Clinical and genetic profile of patients enrolled in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS): 14-year update. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:236. [PMID: 35717381 PMCID: PMC9206752 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a rare, life-threatening disease caused by the accumulation of variant or wild-type (ATTRwt amyloidosis) transthyretin amyloid fibrils in the heart, peripheral nerves, and other tissues and organs. METHODS Established in 2007, the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) is the largest ongoing, global, longitudinal observational study of patients with ATTR amyloidosis, including both inherited and wild-type disease, and asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic TTR mutations. This descriptive analysis examines baseline characteristics of symptomatic patients and asymptomatic gene carriers enrolled in THAOS since its inception in 2007 (data cutoff: August 1, 2021). RESULTS This analysis included 3779 symptomatic patients and 1830 asymptomatic gene carriers. Symptomatic patients were predominantly male (71.4%) and had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of symptom onset of 56.3 (17.8) years. Val30Met was the most common genotype in symptomatic patients in South America (80.9%), Europe (55.4%), and Asia (50.5%), and more patients had early- versus late-onset disease in these regions. The majority of symptomatic patients in North America (58.8%) had ATTRwt amyloidosis. The overall distribution of phenotypes in symptomatic patients was predominantly cardiac (40.7%), predominantly neurologic (40.1%), mixed (16.6%), and no phenotype (2.5%). In asymptomatic gene carriers, mean (SD) age at enrollment was 42.4 (15.7) years, 42.4% were male, and 73.2% carried the Val30Met mutation. CONCLUSIONS This 14-year global overview of THAOS in over 5000 patients represents the largest analysis of ATTR amyloidosis to date and highlights the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT00628745.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino Andrade, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Conceição
- Department of Neurosciences, CHULN, Hospital de Santa Maria, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia Waddington-Cruz
- University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, National Amyloidosis Referral Center, CEPARM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Wixner
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Arnt V Kristen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Respiratory Medicine, Medical University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiological Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Juan Gonzalez-Moreno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Son Llatzer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Bay K, Gustafsson F, Maiborg M, Bagger‐Bahnsen A, Strand AM, Pilgaard T, Poulsen SH. Suspicion, screening, and diagnosis of wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1524-1541. [PMID: 35343098 PMCID: PMC9065854 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt CM) is a more common disease than previously thought. Awareness of ATTRwt CM and its diagnosis has been challenged by its unspecific and widely distributed clinical manifestations and traditionally invasive diagnostic tools. Recent advances in echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), non-invasive diagnosis by bone scintigraphy, and the development of disease-modifying treatments have resulted in an increased interest, reflected in multiple publications especially during the last decade. To get an overview of the scientific knowledge and gaps related to patient entry, suspicion, diagnosis, and systematic screening of ATTRwt CM, we developed a framework to systematically map the available evidence of (i) when to suspect ATTRwt CM in a patient, (ii) how to diagnose the disease, and (iii) which at-risk populations to screen for ATTRwt CM. Articles published between 2010 and August 2021 containing part of or a full diagnostic pathway for ATTRwt CM were included. From these articles, data for patient entry, suspicion, diagnosis, and screening were extracted, as were key study design and results from the original studies referred to. A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five were position statements from academic societies, while one was a clinical guideline. Three articles discussed the importance of primary care providers in terms of patient entry, while the remaining articles had the cardiovascular setting as point of departure. The most frequently mentioned suspicion criteria were ventricular wall thickening (44/50), carpal tunnel syndrome (42/50), and late gadolinium enhancement on CMR (43/50). Diagnostic pathways varied slightly, but most included bone scintigraphy, exclusion of light-chain amyloidosis, and the possibility of doing a biopsy. Systematic screening was mentioned in 16 articles, 10 of which suggested specific at-risk populations for screening. The European Society of Cardiology recommends to screen patients with a wall thickness ≥12 mm and heart failure, aortic stenosis, or red flag symptoms, especially if they are >65 years. The underlying evidence was generally good for diagnosis, while significant gaps were identified for the relevance and mutual ranking of the different suspicion criteria and for systematic screening. Conclusively, patient entry was neglected in the reviewed literature. While multiple red flags were described, high-quality prospective studies designed to evaluate their suitability as suspicion criteria were lacking. An upcoming task lies in defining and evaluating at-risk populations for screening. All are steps needed to promote early detection and diagnosis of ATTRwt CM, a prerequisite for timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bay
- Bay WritingCopenhagenDenmark
- Pfizer DenmarkBallerupDenmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- The Heart CenterCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michael Maiborg
- Odense Amyloidosis Center & Department of CardiologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
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Nativi-Nicolau JN, Karam C, Khella S, Maurer MS. Screening for ATTR amyloidosis in the clinic: overlapping disorders, misdiagnosis, and multiorgan awareness. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:785-793. [PMID: 33609196 PMCID: PMC9033715 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a clinically heterogeneous and fatal disease that results from deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues, causing progressive loss of function. The objective of this review is to increase awareness and diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis by improving recognition of its overlapping conditions, misdiagnosis, and multiorgan presentation. Cardiac manifestations include heart failure, atrial fibrillation, intolerance to previously prescribed antihypertensives, sinus node dysfunction, and atrioventricular block, resulting in the need for permanent pacing. Neurologic manifestations include progressive sensorimotor neuropathy (e.g., pain, weakness) and autonomic dysfunction (e.g., erectile dysfunction, chronic diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension). Non-cardiac red flags often precede the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis and include musculoskeletal manifestations (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar spinal stenosis, spontaneous rupture of the distal tendon biceps, shoulder and knee surgery). Awareness and recognition of the constellation of symptoms, including cardiac, neurologic, and musculoskeletal manifestations, will help with early diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis and faster access to therapies, thereby slowing the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose N Nativi-Nicolau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Chafic Karam
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sami Khella
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Moody WE, Elliott PM. Changing concepts in heart muscle disease: the evolving understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2022; 108:768-773. [PMID: 35459726 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sixty years ago, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was considered a rare lethal disease that affected predominantly young adults and for which there were few treatment options. Today, it is recognised to be a relatively common disorder that presents throughout the life course with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype that can be managed effectively in the majority of individuals. A greater awareness of the condition and less reluctance from healthcare practitioners to make the diagnosis, coupled with improvements in cardiac imaging, including greater use of artificial intelligence and improved yields from screening efforts, have all helped facilitate a more precise and timely diagnosis. This enhanced ability to diagnose HCM early is being paired with innovations in treatment, which means that the majority of patients receiving a contemporary diagnosis of HCM can anticipate a normal life expectancy and expect to maintain a good functional status and quality of life. Indeed, with increasing translation of molecular genetics from bench to bedside associated with a growing number of randomised clinical trials of novel therapies aimed at ameliorating or perhaps even preventing the disease, the next chapter in the story for HCM will provide much excitement and more importantly, offer much anticipated reward for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Moody
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Perry M Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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50
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Rimbas RC, Balinisteanu A, Magda SL, Visoiu SI, Ciobanu AO, Beganu E, Nicula AI, Vinereanu D. New Advanced Imaging Parameters and Biomarkers-A Step Forward in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of TTR Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2360. [PMID: 35566485 PMCID: PMC9101617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative disorder characterized by extracellular myocardial deposits of amyloid fibrils, with poor outcome, leading to heart failure and death, with significant treatment expenditure. In the era of a novel therapeutic arsenal of disease-modifying agents that target a myriad of pathophysiological mechanisms, timely and accurate diagnosis of ATTR-CM is crucial. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies shown to be most beneficial in the early stages of the disease have determined a paradigm shift in the screening, diagnostic algorithm, and risk classification of patients with ATTR-CM. The aim of this review is to explore the utility of novel specific non-invasive imaging parameters and biomarkers from screening to diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of the response to therapy. We will summarize the knowledge of the most recent advances in diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment tailoring parameters for early recognition, prediction of outcome, and better selection of therapeutic candidates in ATTR-CM. Moreover, we will provide input from different potential pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ATTR-CM, on top of the amyloid deposition, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, and myocardial fibrosis, and their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cristina Rimbas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Anca Balinisteanu
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Stefania Lucia Magda
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Simona Ionela Visoiu
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Andrea Olivia Ciobanu
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
| | - Elena Beganu
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
| | - Alina Ioana Nicula
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
- Radiology Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.R.); (A.B.); (A.O.C.); (E.B.); (D.V.)
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.V.); (A.I.N.)
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