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Johnston JD, Roberts EI, Brenman A, Lockard AM, Baker AM. Psychosocial functioning and adjustment to university settings: comparing students with chronic illnesses to healthy peers. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1143-1151. [PMID: 34242549 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1923503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: College students with chronic illnesses are vulnerable to poor adjustment, but it remains unclear how these students differ from healthy peers. This study compares psychosocial adjustment and risky behavior between students with and without chronic illnesses. Participants: Participants (N = 629, 78% Caucasian, 77% Female) were recruited from universities. Methods: Participants completed measures of illness history, anxiety, depression, stressful life events, social support, and risky behavior. Results: College students with chronic illnesses demonstrated significantly greater symptoms of anxiety F(1,620) = 8.742, p < .003, depression F(1,614) = 26.947, p < .001, more stressful life events F(1,476) = 23.671, p < .001, and lower social support F(1,613) = 15.645, p < .001. No differences in risky behaviors between groups emerged F(1,601) = 3.432, p = .064. An indirect effect of health status on risk-taking behavior was observed [b = .677, 95% CI (.351, 1.072)] partially mediated by depression. Conclusion: College students with chronic illnesses demonstrated worse psychosocial outcomes than healthy students, warranting programs to support these students. Depressive symptoms partially mediated risky behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Emma I Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Alison Brenman
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Alison M Lockard
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Anna M Baker
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
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2
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Ibrahim N, Hassler C, Jousselme C, Barry C, Lefèvre H, Falissard B, Bouyer J, Rouquette A. Chronic conditions, subjective wellbeing and risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and young adults. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1163-1171. [PMID: 36602622 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between having a chronic condition (CC) and several types of risky sexual behaviour (RSB) among adolescents and young adults. We used data from a multicentre cross-sectional study carried out on 14,431 adolescents from 137 French schools. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between several types of RSB and CCs among the 2680 participants aged 17 years or over who reported sexual intercourse. Survival analysis was conducted to assess the association between CCs and age at first sexual intercourse across the whole sample. Analyses were conducted separately by gender with and without adjustment for the parents' education level, early menarche and subjective wellbeing (relationship with mother and father, depression, perceived health status and liking school). Among boys, having a CC was associated with a higher risk of RSB in both univariate (OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.10-2.27]) and multivariate analyses (aOR: 1.62 [95% CI: 1.11-2.38]). Among girls, the association between chronic condition and RSB in univariate analysis was non-significant (OR: 1.30 [95% CI: 0.97-1.76]) and disappeared after adjustment on subjective wellbeing (aOR: 1.08 [95% CI: 0.78-1.49]). There was no association between CC and age at first sexual intercourse. Conclusion: There were major gender differences. Boys with a CC were more prone to engage in RSB independent of their subjective wellbeing, whereas in girls, subjective wellbeing seemed to mediate the relationship between CC and RSB. Clinicians should be aware of those gender differences in order to deliver preventive strategies regarding sexuality that target both genders. What is Known: • Young people with chronic conditions have a higher likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviour. • Engaging in such behaviours can be much more costly, as it can weaken their underlying state of health. What is New: • We found major gender differences. Boys were more prone to engage in risky behaviour independent of their subjective wellbeing, whereas in girls, it seemed to play an important role. • By understanding how risky sexual behaviour differs according to gender, clinicians can deliver prevention messages that target both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ibrahim
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France.
- French Research Group in Adolescent Health (GRMSA), Maison de Solenn, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, Paris, France.
| | | | - Catherine Jousselme
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Fondation Vallée, Paris-Saclay University, Gentilly, France
| | - Caroline Barry
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefèvre
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- French Research Group in Adolescent Health (GRMSA), Maison de Solenn, 97 Boulevard de Port Royal, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 97 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean Bouyer
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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3
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ter Haar A, Fieten A, Van den Hof M, Malekzadeh A, Laan E, Oostrom K, Pajkrt D. Sexual Development in Perinatally HIV-Infected Young People: A Systematic Review and Explorative Study. Sex Med 2022; 10:100578. [PMID: 36274460 PMCID: PMC9780776 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to other young people with a chronic health condition, perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) adolescents may have an impacted sexual development. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to compare sexual milestones of PHIV to HIV uninfected peers, through a systematic review (SR) and explorative study. METHODS We performed a systematic search in 4 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus), according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Last search in all databases was performed in May 2021. We included studies that reported on quantitative data of any of the main outcomes and compared PHIV to HIV uninfected control groups. Main outcomes were defined as the occurrence and/or debut age of sexual milestones (falling in love, having been in a romantic relationship, masturbation, kissing, non-genital caressing (feeling or petting, touching), genital caressing (fingering, handjob), giving or receiving oral sex, and penetrative sex (vaginal or anal). We excluded case reports, audits, guidelines, editorials, abstracts, studies that reported on behaviorally infected HIV patients, studies that did not include an HIV uninfected control group and studies that could not be translated to English or Dutch. We used the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) Checklist for quality assessment. We performed qualitative synthesis of the data. In the explorative study, we compared sexual milestones of PHIV and HIV uninfected controls matched for age, sex, ethnicity and educational level, using a subset of questions of a validated questionnaire. RESULTS We included eighteen studies in the SR, describing outcomes of an estimated 1,963 participants. Seventeen studies compared the occurrence and/or debut age of intercourse in PHIV and HIV uninfected controls and 4 studies reported on any of the other sexual milestones. The majority of studies found no difference in occurrence (12 of 16 studies) or debut age (6 of 8 studies) of intercourse in PHIV compared to controls. Two of 4 studies reporting on any of the other milestones found no significant differences between PHIV and HIV uninfected controls. In the explorative study, we included ten PHIV participants and 16 HIV uninfected, matched controls. PHIV tended to report a later debut age of sexual milestones than controls (not significant). STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The SR includes only a small number of studies and few studies report on non-penetrative milestones. The explorative study adds to this review by including non-penetrative milestones and comparing PHIV to HIV-uninfected, well-matched controls. However, the sample size was small. CONCLUSION PHIV seem to engage in sexual activities and achieve sexual milestones at a similar rate as their HIV uninfected peers, with a tendency of a later start in well treated PHIV. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021252103) and funded by AIDSfonds. AIDSfonds had no role in the study design or interpretations of this study. ter Haar AM, Fieten A, Van den Hof M, et al. Sexual Development in Perinatally HIV-Infected Young People: A Systematic Review and Explorative Study. Sex Med 2022;10:100578.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. ter Haar
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding Author: A. M. ter Haar, MSc, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam. Tel: +31 20 56 8668; Fax: +31 (0)20 5669683
| | - A. Fieten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Van den Hof
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Malekzadeh
- Department of Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E.T.M. Laan
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K.J. Oostrom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Pajkrt
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smedbråten K, Grotle M, Jahre H, Richardsen KR, Småstuen MC, Skillgate E, Øiestad BE. Lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain 11 years later: The Trøndelag Health Study. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1910-1922. [PMID: 35851511 PMCID: PMC9545098 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge on the association between lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. This study aimed to investigate whether an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with and without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain duration ≥3 consecutive months the last year) 11 years later. Methods Longitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway including 1824 adolescents (13–19 years old) was analysed. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months). The number of adverse lifestyle behaviours (low physical activity level, sleep problems, insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, smoking, frequent alcohol intoxication [drunkenness] and/or illicit drug use) were summed up to comprise an ordinal variable and analysed with 0 or 1 adverse behaviours as the reference. Multiple logistic regression analyses, stratified by individuals with and without baseline musculoskeletal pain, were conducted. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline, reporting ≥ four adverse lifestyle behaviours increased the odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36, 3.66) 11 years later. Two and three adverse behaviours were not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. In adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours was not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion An accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 11 years later, but not in adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Significance An accumulation of four or more adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. In future health care of adolescents with musculoskeletal pain, lifestyle behaviours should be assessed, with emphasis on accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours. Focusing on an accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours, rather than each individual behaviour, might provide a potential area for future research and interventions targeting musculoskeletal pain in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Smedbråten
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - M. Grotle
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health Oslo University Hospital Norway
| | - H. Jahre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - K. R. Richardsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - M. C. Småstuen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - E. Skillgate
- Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center Sophiahemmet University Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - B. E. Øiestad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
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5
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Gannon T, Phillips B, Saunders D, Berner AM. Knowing to Ask and Feeling Safe to Tell - Understanding the Influences of HCP-Patient Interactions in Cancer Care for LGBTQ+ Children and Young People. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891874. [PMID: 35814480 PMCID: PMC9263369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) people experience healthcare inequalities in cancer care. Previous studies have focused on knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating adults with cancer and how these contribute to inequalities. To date, no research has focused on HCPs treating LGBTQ+ children and adolescents with cancer in the UK. This is important given that this group may be at a critical time for exploring their gender identity and sexual orientation, whilst also facing a cancer diagnosis. We aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of paediatric, teenage and young adult oncology HCPs treating LGBTQ+ patients in the UK. Methods We carried out semi-structured interviews with 8 HCPs in paediatric, teenage and young adult (TYA) oncology from the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Eight questions were asked, which centred around participants' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding management of LGBTQ+ patients in oncology. Interview transcripts were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results We identified 10 themes, including novel themes (how HCPs acquire knowledge and expectations of a 'third party' to be the expert) which may underlie previously observed trends in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs. We highlight other themes and HCP concerns specific to care of LGBTQ+ patients in paediatrics (influence of the parental-carer dynamic, concerns around patient age and development as a barrier to disclosure) which require further research. We found evidence of the interrelatedness of HCP knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the ability of these elements to positively influence each other. We mapped our themes across these elements to form a new suggested framework for improving HCP-patient interactions in LGBTQ+ Cancer Care. We found a need both for individual HCP education and organisational change, with creation of a culture of psychological safety to improve patient care. Conclusion Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of HCPs are closely interdependent when providing care to young LGBTQ+ patients with cancer. The authors suggest that future efforts to improve care of these patients address this complexity by spanning the domains of our suggested framework. Whilst HCP education is essential, change must also occur at an organisational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Gannon
- Paediatric and Teenage and Young Adult Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Tamsin Gannon,
| | - Bob Phillips
- Paediatric and Teenage and Young Adult (TYA) Oncology, Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Saunders
- Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison May Berner
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Gender Identity Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Andersen JA, Morrow JE, Gibbs L, Hernandez NI. Caregiver reports of physician risk counseling for adolescents with special health care needs. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:1581-1586. [PMID: 34742598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has indicated disagreement between physicians, caregivers, and adolescents with special health care needs regarding appropriate risk counseling. OBJECTIVE The study examines caregivers' perceptions of adolescent risk counseling. We hypothesize caregivers of adolescents with special healthcare needs will perceive a lower rate of risk counseling. METHODS Data come from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample included 13,542 adolescents. Analysis completed using logistic regression with odds ratios. RESULTS The results indicate no difference in caregiver perceptions of risk counseling for adolescents with special healthcare needs. Gender, race/ethnicity, and relationship between caregiver and provider influenced perception of receipt of risk counseling, regardless of health status. CONCLUSIONS Although adolescents with special healthcare needs perceive their risk behavior counseling to be lacking in quantity/quality, caregivers perceive such counseling does occur. These results highlight the need for comprehensive risk counseling for groups at risk of known health disparities. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians and providers should be provided with the training and resources needed to be comfortable to engage in risk counseling. Adolescents need the opportunity to see their provider privately, and education to advocate for information risky behaviors. Parents, providers, and adolescents should be included in future risk counseling intervention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Andersen
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Jess E Morrow
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Larry Gibbs
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, USA
| | - Nestor I Hernandez
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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7
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Creo A, Sriram S, Vaughan LE, Weaver AL, Lteif A, Kumar S. Risk of substance use disorders among adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:1143-1149. [PMID: 34561948 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. Previous studies regarding substance use in adolescents and emerging adults with T1D are mostly derived from cross-sectional studies utilizing self-administered questionnaires and are limited by lack of population-based comparison groups. In addition, despite the rising popularity of vaping, little is known about the incidence of vaping in adolescents and emerging adults with T1D. METHODS We explored the incidence and prospective risk of substance use disorders (SUD) and vaping in adolescents and emerging adults with T1D compared to age and gender matched nondiabetic referents residing in Olmsted County, Rochester, MN. RESULTS Risk of incident SUD was higher in those with T1D compared to matched referents with alcohol, marijuana, and smoked tobacco being most common substances. When stratified by gender, these differences remained significant in males, but not females. CONCLUSIONS While further work is needed to delineate the causative relationships between T1D, mental health, and substance abuse, our findings confirm the critical need for substance use screening and mental health support for adolescents and emerging adults with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Creo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Swetha Sriram
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa E Vaughan
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy L Weaver
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aida Lteif
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Chong-Fah-Shen K, Bumbacea R, Bassani C, Beltran CFP, Pham D, Lefevre S, Brandatan E, Vasconcelos MJ, Baldaçara R, Monsell S, Djuric-Filipovic I, Darlenski R, Pouessel G, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Caminati M, Tanno LK. Physician's experience on managing asthma in adolescents: results of the International AMADO (Asthma Management in ADOlescents) survey. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e45. [PMID: 34786375 PMCID: PMC8563100 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide prevalence of asthma seems to be increasing in adolescents, but limited data is available regarding the management of asthma in this age group. Objective Therefore, we conducted an international survey focused on physicians who manage asthma in order to understand how Asthma Management in ADOlescents (AMADO) is currently performed. Methods The AMADO survey is a web-based global survey of physician's attitudes towards the management of asthma in adolescents, circulated for 17 weeks. The survey had an anonymous and voluntary standard. The questionnaire consisted in 27 questions covering the training background of respondents, difficulties in diagnosis, and in management of asthma in adolescents. Results Two hundred forty-four responses were received from 46 countries, from all continents. Most (65%) of participants indicated allergy as being their main specialty. The majority of participants (62%) had more than 5 years of clinical practice, but 62% have no formal training in management of adolescents with asthma. Most of participants (96%) indicated having at least one case of asthma in adolescents per month. 60% of respondents mentioned that the asthmatic adolescents only had the consultation due to the family imposition. All respondents mentioned having difficulties in the management of asthma in adolescents due to patient poor adherence. Overall, 44% of participants have no specific health care resources for adolescents in their departments. Main suggestions from the participants were: optimization of time and personalized communication to these cohort, and standardization of multidisciplinary actions to improve adherence to asthma control treatment. Conclusion Management of asthma in adolescents is still a challenge in clinical practice. The results from this survey helped us to identify the key issues to improve clinical outcomes in the future. This survey is the first step of the international AMADO initiative, which intends to optimize diagnosis and control of asthma and prevent avoidable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxana Bumbacea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Duy Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sebastien Lefevre
- Regional Institute for Allergic and Environmental Diseases - Clinical Immunology, Metz Regional Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Elena Brandatan
- Centre Hospitalier Regional, Department of Pediatrics Pneumology - Allergology, Namur, Belgium
| | - Maria João Vasconcelos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatolgy and Venereology, Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guillaume Pouessel
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Pôle enfant, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille and Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada
- Divsion of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Luciana Kase Tanno
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Montpellier, UMR UA11 INSERM, Montpellier, France
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9
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Lu HJ, Wang XR, Liu YY, Chang L. Disease Prevalence and Fatality, Life History Strategies, and Behavioral Control of the COVID Pandemic. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 8:20-29. [PMID: 34777951 PMCID: PMC8576458 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world by surprise and raised many questions. One of the questions is whether infectious diseases indeed drive fast life history (LH) as the extent research suggests. This paper challenges this assumption and raises a different perspective. We argue that infectious diseases enact either slower or faster LH strategies and the related disease control behavior depending on disease severity. We tested and supported the theorization based on a sample of 662 adult residents drawn from all 32 provinces and administrative regions of mainland China. The findings help to broaden LH perspectives and to better understand unusual social phenomena arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Rui Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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10
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Hunt JA, Randell KA, Mermelstein S, Miller MK, Sherman AK, Philipose S, Masonbrink AR. Sexual Health Behaviors and Pregnancy Risk Among Hospitalized Female Adolescents. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:1129-1136. [PMID: 34518336 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-005810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe sexual health behaviors, contraceptive use, and pregnancy risk among hospitalized female adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospitalized female patients aged 14 to 21 years at 2 academic medical centers to assess sexual health behaviors, contraceptive use, contraceptive counseling receipt, and factors associated with pregnancy complications (eg, diabetes, teratogenic exposure). We calculated the validated Pregnancy Risk Index (PRI) (number per 100 who will become pregnant in the next year). RESULTS Among 177 participants (mean age 16 years, SD 1.5), 75 (43%) were sexually active. At last vaginal sex, 65% reported condom use; 49%, reversible contraception; and 12%, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Past-year contraceptive counseling was reported by 73% of sexually active female participants and was associated with increased use of reversible (P = .001) and dual contraception (P = .03) but not LARC (P = .24). The mean PRI among all participants was 4.75. Nearly three-quarters (73%) had a medical comorbidity or teratogenic exposure. Those with teratogenic medication use had the lowest PRI of 0.32 (P < .05), with 88% using reversible contraception and 31% using LARC. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized female adolescents had a PRI similar to that of adolescents in the general population. However, nearly three-quarters had a medical comorbidity and/or teratogenic exposure, which increased risk for pregnancy complications. Contraceptive counseling was associated with increased reversible and dual contraception use but not LARC use. Efforts to improve comprehensive contraceptive counseling, highlighting LARC, are critically needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alyce Hunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kimberly A Randell
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Sarah Mermelstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Melissa K Miller
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Ashley K Sherman
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shirene Philipose
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Abbey R Masonbrink
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Departments of Pediatrics
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11
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Ardura MI, Coscia LA, Meyers MR. Promoting safe sexual practices and sexual health maintenance in pediatric and young adult solid organ transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13949. [PMID: 33491268 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of Americans make their sexual debut during their adolescent years. Preventing pregnancy and STI during this period is vital to ensuring health and safety. As survival has improved after pediatric SOT, chronically immunosuppressed adolescents seek guidance in their medical home on matters of sexual health. Transplant practitioners often do not feel equipped to fully address these needs. This review serves as an introductory sexual preventive care resource for adolescent and young adult (AYA) SOT recipients. First, we review data on safety, efficacy, and use of contraceptive options currently available for transplant recipients with child-bearing potential. Then, we suggest a personalized sexual health discussion focusing on the diagnosis and prevention of STIs in adolescent and young adult transplant recipients. Finally, we present recommendations for STI screening of asymptomatic patients, use of index of suspicion and diagnostic testing in symptomatic patients, and opportunities to optimize STI prevention strategies. Data compiled from studies of adult SOT recipients, general population studies, and published guidelines are often extrapolated for use, as limited data exist in AYA SOT recipients. This informational dearth underscores the need for future research to better characterize the unique needs of AYA SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I Ardura
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Host Defense, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Coscia
- Transplant Pregnancy Registry International, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa R Meyers
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Alley J, Owen RY, Wawrzynski SE, Lasrich L, Ahmmad Z, Utz R, Adkins DE. Illness, Social Disadvantage, and Sexual Risk Behavior in Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:205-217. [PMID: 32462415 PMCID: PMC7791890 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of illness on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and the transition to adulthood, both directly and through moderation of the impact of social disadvantage. We hypothesized positive effects for social disadvantages and illness on sexual risk behavior, consistent with the development of faster life history strategies among young people facing greater life adversity. Using the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we developed a mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model predicting sexual risk behavior in three comparisons: risky nonmonogamous sex versus safer nonmonogamous sex, versus monogamous sex, and versus being sexually inactive, by social characteristics, illness, interactions thereof, and control covariates. Multiple imputation was used to address a modest amount of missing data. Subjects reporting higher levels of illness had lower odds of having safer nonmonogamous sex (OR = 0.84, p < .001), monogamous sex (OR = 0.82, p < .001), and being sexually inactive (OR = 0.74, p < .001) versus risky nonmonogamous sex, relative to subjects in better health. Illness significantly moderated the sex (OR = 0.88, p < .01), race/ethnicity (e.g., OR = 1.21, p < .001), and childhood SES (OR = 0.94; p < .01) effects for the sexually inactive versus risky nonmonogamous sex comparison. Substantive findings were generally robust across waves and in sensitivity analyses. These findings offer general support for the predictions of life history theory. Illness and various social disadvantages are associated with increased sexual risk behavior in adolescence and the transition to adulthood. Further, analyses indicate that the buffering effects of several protective social statuses against sexual risk-taking are substantially eroded by illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Alley
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Owen
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah E Wawrzynski
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lauren Lasrich
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zobayer Ahmmad
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca Utz
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Consortium for Families and Health Research, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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13
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Ellis BJ, Shakiba N, Adkins DE, Lester BM. Early external-environmental and internal-health predictors of risky sexual and aggressive behavior in adolescence: An integrative approach. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:556-571. [PMID: 32869286 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
External predictive adaptive response (PAR) models assume that developmental exposures to stress carry predictive information about the future state of the environment, and that development of a faster life history (LH) strategy in this context functions to match the individual to this expected harsh state. More recently internal PAR models have proposed that early somatic condition (i.e., physical health) critically regulates development of LH strategies to match expected future somatic condition. Here we test the integrative hypothesis that poor physical health mediates the relation between early adversity and faster LH strategies. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study (birth to age 16; N = 1,388) of mostly African American participants with prenatal substance exposure. Results demonstrated that both external environmental conditions early in life (prenatal substance exposure, socioeconomic adversity, caregiver distress/depression, and adverse family functioning) and internal somatic condition during preadolescence (birthweight/gestational age, physical illness) uniquely predicted the development of faster LH strategies in adolescence (as indicated by more risky sexual and aggressive behavior). Consistent with the integrative hypothesis, the effect of caregiver distress/depression on LH strategy was mostly mediated by worse physical health. Discussion highlights the implications of these findings for theory and research on stress, development, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Ellis
- Departments of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nila Shakiba
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Departments of Sociology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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14
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Al-Yateem N, Subu MA, Al-Shujairi A, Alrimawi I, Ali HM, Hasan K, Dad NP, Brenner M. Coping among adolescents with long-term health conditions: a mixed-methods study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:762-769. [PMID: 32649257 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.13.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with long-term health conditions may be at risk of developing psychological comorbidities and adopting ineffective coping mechanisms if they are not adequately supported at home or school. AIM To understand the strategies adolescents use when dealing with challenging health situations, and gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of their preferred care environment if they have unexpected health crises. DESIGN The study used a concurrent mixed-methods design, with data gathered between January and May 2019. Descriptive and non-parametric tests were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS 'Problem-focused disengagement' was the most-often used coping strategy. The second and third most common strategies were 'problem-focused engagement' and 'emotion-focused engagement'. Finally, girls tended to adopt more negative coping strategies than boys. The analysis revealed that most adolescents preferred home over school as the care environment because these caring agents were close and available, knew how to care for them and had the resources to provide or access care, and listened and understood them. CONCLUSION Adolescents adopted disengagement and negative coping strategies early in their attempts to cope with stressful events before adopting more positive strategies. This is alarming, especially as school health services are not sufficiently supportive of adolescents at times of stress and illness. Adolescents often perceive school providers as unavailable and lacking knowledge about their health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Arwa Al-Shujairi
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Intima Alrimawi
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hend Mohd Ali
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Khadija Hasan
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nawal Peer Dad
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Maria Brenner
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Research, University of Sharjah, UAE
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15
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No evidence for a relationship between MHC heterozygosity and life history strategy in a sample of North American undergraduates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10140. [PMID: 32576939 PMCID: PMC7311407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although allelic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has implications for adaptive immunity, mate choice, and social signalling, how diversity at the MHC influences the calibration of life history strategies remains largely uninvestigated. The current study investigated whether greater MHC heterozygosity was associated with markers of slower life history strategies in a sample of 789 North American undergraduates. Contrary to preregistered predictions and to previously published findings, MHC heterozygosity was not related to any of the psychological life history-relevant variables measured (including short- vs. long-term sexual strategy, temporal discounting, the Arizona life history battery, past and current health, disgust sensitivity, and Big Five personality traits). Further, no meaningful effects emerged when analysing women and men separately. Possible reasons for why the current results are inconsistent with previous work are discussed.
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16
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Fladeboe KM, Scott S, Bradford MC, Ketterl TG, Yi-Frazier JP, Rosenberg AR. Sexual Activity and Substance Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults Receiving Cancer Treatment: A Report from the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 9:594-600. [PMID: 32316824 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Despite health implications, sexual activity and substance use among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving cancer treatment are understudied. Methods: AYAs 12-25 years of age participated in a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a resilience intervention. They were fluent in English and either diagnosed with new cancer (NC) or advanced cancer (AC). At baseline and 6 months, participants self-reported sexual activity and substance use. We describe the percentage of AYAs who endorsed each behavior and a count of total behaviors endorsed by each respondent. We describe frequencies by sex/gender (male/female), age (<18/≥18), and disease status (AC/NC). Results: Participants (N = 92) were majority white/Caucasian (57%), 12-17 years old (73%), and diagnosed with leukemia/lymphoma (62%); 32% had AC. Responses were not associated with the intervention; hence, we summarized data from the whole cohort. At both time points, median behavior endorsed was 2. At baseline and follow-up, 87% and 81% endorsed at least 1 behavior: 13% and 15% were sexually active, 75% and 73% of whom used birth control inconsistently; and 22% and 22% reported drinking alcohol, 31% and 27% using prescription opioids/sedatives, 19% and 22% using other drugs, and 9% and 7% using tobacco. Young adults engaged in most behaviors more frequently than adolescents (e.g., 48% vs. 12% alcohol at baseline); males engaged in sexual activity more frequently than females (e.g., 20% vs. 5% sexually active at baseline); and AYAs with NC engaged in most behaviors more frequently than those with AC (18% vs. 0% sexually active at baseline). Conclusion: AYAs engage in sexual activity and substance use during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Fladeboe
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samantha Scott
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miranda C Bradford
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler G Ketterl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joyce P Yi-Frazier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Bioethics/Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Does in-prison physical and mental health impact recidivism? SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100569. [PMID: 32258357 PMCID: PMC7113431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarceration is definitively linked to poor health, and upon release from prison, many individuals experience difficulty in maintaining good health. Given the complexity of the reentry process, one's health status, both in and out of prison, likely influences additional aspects of reentry, such as abstaining from crime or adhering to parole terms. The purpose of this study is to determine whether in-prison physical and mental health, as well as changes to an individual's health upon release from prison, are related to the likelihood of recidivating. We employ the Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative (SVORI) data, a multi-state sample of formerly incarcerated males who are followed from prison to release into the community and interviewed about a number of post-prison release issues, including health. We use hierarchical logistic and multinomial regressions, where survey waves are nested within people, to assess if in-prison physical and mental health and post-release changes to health are associated with recidivism in two ways: general re-incarceration and re-incarceration due to either a technical violation of parole or a new conviction. With right-censoring due to recidivism or “failure,” our final sample size is 2180 person-periods (i.e., waves) nested within 871 respondents. We find that better physical health, both in-prison and changes in health post-release, is related to a higher likelihood of recidivating. Better mental health, both in-prison and changes to mental health post-release, is related to a decrease in the likelihood of recidivating. Individuals with poor mental health in-prison who make significant improvements after release see the largest reduction in their odds of recidivating. Finally, the combination of better mental health in-prison and increases in mental health post-release is associated with reductions in the likelihood of re-offending for both technical violations and new convictions. In sum, in-prison health continues to influence individuals after prison and is associated with their odds of recidivating, thus contributing to the churning of individuals through the prison system. We examine the relationship between in-prison and change in post-release health and recidivism. Better physical health in-prison and post-release is related to higher recidivism likelihood. Better mental health in-prison and post-release is related to lower recidivism likelihood. This mental health benefit applies to both technical violations and new convictions. A person's health in prison may be related to prison system churning.
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18
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Chang L, Lu HJ, Lansford JE, Bornstein MH, Steinberg L, Chen BB, Skinner AT, Dodge KA, Deater-Deckard K, Bacchini D, Pastorelli C, Alampay LP, Tapanya S, Sorbring E, Oburu P, Al-Hassan SM, Di Giunta L, Malone PS, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S. External environment and internal state in relation to life-history behavioural profiles of adolescents in nine countries. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192097. [PMID: 31847773 PMCID: PMC6939920 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The external environment has traditionally been considered as the primary driver of animal life history (LH). Recent research suggests that animals' internal state is also involved, especially in forming LH behavioural phenotypes. The present study investigated how these two factors interact in formulating LH in humans. Based on a longitudinal sample of 1223 adolescents in nine countries, the results show that harsh and unpredictable environments and adverse internal states in childhood are each uniquely associated with fast LH behavioural profiles consisting of aggression, impulsivity, and risk-taking in adolescence. The external environment and internal state each strengthened the LH association of the other, but overall the external environment was more predictive of LH than was the internal state. These findings suggest that individuals rely on a multitude and consistency of sensory information in more decisively calibrating LH and behavioural strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suha M. Al-Hassan
- Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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19
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Frawley JE, Hebert RS. Seriously Ill Pediatric Patients Who Transition to Adulthood #346. J Palliat Med 2019; 21:257-258. [PMID: 29393773 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Risk-Taking Behaviors in Adolescents With Chronic Cardiac Conditions: A Scoping Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 48:98-105. [PMID: 31369964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Advances in treatment and therapy for children with chronic cardiac conditions have extended their life expectancy. Risk-taking behavior among adolescents requires further exploration. Researchers conducted a scoping review to address a literature gap specific to risk-taking behavior among adolescents with chronic cardiac conditions. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Sources were limited to (1) human subjects, (2) English language or translatable to English, (3) adolescents without age restrictions, (4) all research designs and (5) presence of a chronic cardiac condition. SAMPLE Searches of six electronic databases (CINAHL Plus Full Text, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ProQuest and Grey Literature Report) were conducted to verify the empirical literature between 1975 and 2018. Seventeen sources were included in this review. RESULTS Among the 17 sources, 12 sources examined risk-taking behavior by self-report among adolescents with chronic cardiac conditions. Tobacco, alcohol and/or other drug use and physical inactivity were the most prevalent risk-taking behaviors identified through this review. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this scoping review describe the types of risk-taking behaviors that adolescents with chronic cardiac conditions are engaging in, highlight similarities when compared to other types of chronic conditions, and serve as a foundation for future research among this population. IMPLICATIONS Discussion of risk-taking behaviors should be integrated into each healthcare encounter beginning in early adolescence and continuing through transition to adulthood and adult health care. Qualitative research studies may serve as an effective method by which to explore risk-taking behavior among adolescents with chronic cardiac conditions in greater detail.
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21
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Henry MB, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Lubega K, Snyder SA, LaRussa P, Pfeffer B. Depressive symptoms, sexual activity, and substance use among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:1888-1896. [PMID: 31656472 PMCID: PMC6794506 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents experience high rates of depression, initiation of sexual activity, and substance use. OBJECTIVES To better understand the demographics of adolescents presenting to an adolescent clinic in Uganda, and to elucidate which factors are associated with depressive symptoms, sexual initiation, and substance use. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on intake forms obtained during interviews with adolescents presenting to the Makerere/Mulago Columbia Adolescent Health Clinic (MMCAH) in Kampala, Uganda. RESULTS Depressive symptoms in adolescents were correlated with having a chronic illness (p=.026), and reported poor quality of home life (p<.001). Initiation of sexual activity was also correlated with chronic illness (p=.008) and poor quality of home life (p=.006). Substance use was correlated with maternal death (p=.041), chronic illness (p=.038), and substance use among family members (p<.001) and friends (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Knowing the aforementioned risk factors can help us better understand the needs of adolescents presenting to MMCAH, and allows us to develop targeted interventions aimed at decreasing health risks in Kampala's adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Henry
- Columbia University, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and Child health, Kampala, Uganda
- Mulago Hospital, Makerere/Mulago Columbia Adolescent Health Clinic (MMCAH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizza Lubega
- Mulago Hospital, Makerere/Mulago Columbia Adolescent Health Clinic (MMCAH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sara A Snyder
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
- Long Island University, Department of Clinical Psychology, New York, USA
| | - Philip LaRussa
- Columbia University, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Betsy Pfeffer
- Columbia University, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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22
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Abstract
Contraception and sexual health form a key part of comprehensive health care for all adolescents, including those who suffer from chronic illness. Multiple studies have shown that adolescents with chronic illness have rates of sexual activity equal to or greater than their healthy counterparts. Primary care pediatricians have the most comprehensive view of the health of their medically complex patients and the benefit of a longstanding relationship. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have created a comprehensive guide that provides advice on safe contraceptive options for patients with complex medical conditions. Here we review three cases of adolescents with common chronic medical conditions: von Willebrand disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sickle cell disease. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(2):e78-e85.].
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23
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Qadeer RA, Wong FC, MacKillop J, Ferro MA. A Comparative Study of Substance Use in Young Adolescents With and Without Chronic Health Conditions. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1512026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Withers ALI, Green R. Transition for Adolescents and Young Adults With Asthma. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:301. [PMID: 31396495 PMCID: PMC6664046 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex, heterogenous medical condition which is very common in children and adults. The transition process from pediatric to adult health care services can be a challenge for young people with chronic medical conditions. The significant changes in physical and mental health during this time, as well as the many unique developmental and psychosocial challenges that occur during adolescence can complicate and impede transition if not adequately addressed and managed. The transition period can also be a challenging time for health professionals to assess readiness for transition and manage some of the complications which are particularly common during this time, including poor adherence to therapy, smoking, drug use, and emerging mental health conditions. The natural history, presentation, symptoms, and management of asthma is often significantly different when comparing pediatric and adult practice. In addition, management in infants, toddlers, school aged children, and adolescents differs significantly, offering an additional challenge to pediatric physicians managing asthmatic children and young people. Despite these challenges, if the transition process for young people with asthma is planned and performed in a formalized manner, many of these issues can be addressed, allowing the transition to occur smoothly despite changes that may occur in medical and psychosocial domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Green
- Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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25
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Aujoulat I, Dechêne S, Lahaye M. Non-disease Specific Health Promotion Interventions for Chronically Ill Adolescents in Medical Settings: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:301. [PMID: 30555811 PMCID: PMC6282057 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with chronic conditions are highly likely to encounter physical, social and psychological difficulties that can threaten their overall wellbeing and health. As any other adolescent, they need to be helped to tackle the non-medical determinants of their health. This is the aim of primary prevention and general health promotion interventions. The present paper aims to review any hospital-based intervention that strives to promote general health in chronically ill teenagers. A systematic process of search and screening revealed four articles that presented and evaluated non-disease specific interventions that explicitly aimed to promote the overall health of chronically ill teenagers in clinical settings. Congruently with health promotion principles and values, the interventions described in our selection of articles targeted positive health determinants, in terms of personal skills and attitudes that contribute to psychosocial resiliency. The clinical relevance and feasibility of developing non-disease specific health promotion interventions in clinical settings was confirmed. However, the lack of relevant reported details did not allow us to highlight the key factors and mechanisms associated with successful interventions for health promotion targeted at chronically ill adolescents attending health care settings. Moreover, the design of the included studies varied in quality: number of participants, presence of a post-test and a follow-up, use of validated questionnaires, etc. Well-conducted non-disease specific clinical health promotion interventions still remain an under-investigated area of research, and maybe even of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Aujoulat
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dechêne
- MRCPsych, Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Lahaye
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Gubelmann A, Berchtold A, Barrense-Dias Y, Akre C, Newman CJ, Suris JC. Youth With Chronic Conditions and Risky Behaviors: An Indirect Path. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:785-791. [PMID: 30254008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare risk behaviors between youths living with a chronic condition (CC) and their healthy peers, controlling for condition severity. METHODS Data were drawn from the baseline wave of the GenerationFRee study (students aged 15-24 years in postmandatory education) during the 2014-2015 school year. The sample (N = 5,179) was divided into youths with CC without limitations (N = 536; 10.4%), youths with limitations (N = 114; 2.2%), and a control group (CG; N = 4,529; 87.4%). Groups were compared on internalizing (perceived health status, vision of their future, emotional wellbeing) and externalizing behaviors (substance use, gambling, excessive internet use, disordered eating, violent and antisocial acts) controlling for potential confounders. Statistical analyses were carried out through structural equation modeling. Results are given as unstandardized coefficients. RESULTS Overall, CC youths showed an association with internalizing behaviors (coefficient: .78) but not with externalizing behaviors. In fact, the connection with externalizing behaviors was indirect via the internalizing behaviors (.32). CC Youths reporting psychological issues were more likely to adopt every externalizing behavior. Analyzing separately youths with CC limiting daily life activities and those without limitations, the results did not change substantially. However, the association with internalizing behaviors was much higher for those reporting limitations (2.18 vs. .42). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the link between suffering from a CC and adopting risk behaviors is indirect through internalizing behaviors. Health professionals should address emotional wellbeing and perception of the future rather than focus exclusively on the effects of risk behaviors on specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gubelmann
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Berchtold
- Institute of Social Sciences & NCCR LIVES, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Barrense-Dias
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Akre
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Newman
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joan-Carles Suris
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Leelathipkul L, Ruangkanchanasetr S, Arunakul J. Risk behaviors screening in Thai adolescents with acute and chronic illnesses. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0047/ijamh-2018-0047.xml. [PMID: 30375347 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is considered as a transition period from childhood to adulthood. This transition leads to various types of risk behaviors. Ten percent of adolescents suffer from a chronic illness that can limit their daily activities and which may exhibit higher rates of risk behaviors than those without chronic illnesses. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of risk behaviors in chronically ill adolescents compared to adolescents without chronic illnesses and their associated risk factors. METHODS We enrolled 312 patients aged 10-20 years who visited Ramathibodi Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. There were 161 adolescents with chronic illnesses and 151 without a chronic illness. We used a computer-based program for the Youth Risk Behaviors Survey as well as a confidentiality interview. Statistical analyses included the chi-squared (χ2) and Student's t-tests as appropriate. RESULTS The risk behaviors in chronically ill adolescents were the following: learning problems, 86.3%; excessive screen time, 62.3%; unintentional injuries, 60.2%; depression, 38.5%; low self-esteem, 18.1%; substance abuse, 13% and sexual behavior, 6.2%. Youths with a chronic illness were more likely to report significantly higher risk of excessive screen time (62.3% vs. 48%, p = 0.01), depression (38.5% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.01) and, also low self-esteem (18.1% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.01) compared to those without chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that adolescents with chronic illnesses engage more in health risk behaviors and are prone to mental health and learning problems. These data emphasize the importance of health risk behavior screening and preventive counseling for young patients with chronic illnesses where these risks might worsen their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Leelathipkul
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Ruangkanchanasetr
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Arunakul
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
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Weitzman ER, Magane KM, Wisk LE, Allario J, Harstad E, Levy S. Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Interactive Medications Among Medically Vulnerable Youth. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2017-4026. [PMID: 30228168 PMCID: PMC6317570 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite their medical vulnerability, youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMCs) drink at levels commensurate with healthy youth. However, information about the prevalence of alcohol use among YCMCs who take alcohol-interactive (AI) medications is scant. To address gaps and inform interventions, we quantified simultaneous exposure to alcohol use and AI medications among YCMCs, hypothesizing that AI exposure would be associated with lower alcohol consumption and mediated by perceptions of alcohol-medication interference. METHODS Adolescents with type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, moderate persistent asthma, cystic fibrosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or inflammatory bowel disease completed an electronic survey. We measured the prevalence of exposure to AI medications and the associations with past-year alcohol use as well as binge drinking and total consumption volume in the past 3 months using multivariate regression to estimate the odds of alcohol use given AI medication exposure and perceptions of interference. RESULTS Of 396 youth, 86.4% were on AI medications, of whom, 35.4% reported past-year alcohol use (46.3% among those who were not on AI medications). AI medication use was associated with 43% lower odds of past-year alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio: 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.39-0.85) and lower total consumption (β = -.43; SE = 0.11; P < .001). Perceptions of alcohol-medication interference partially mediated the relationship between AI medication exposure and past-year alcohol use (Sobel test P = .05). CONCLUSIONS Many YCMCs reported using alcohol; however, drinking was less likely among those who were taking AI medications. Perceptions about alcohol-medication interference mediated the association between drinking and AI medication exposure, suggesting the potential salience of interventions that emphasize alcohol-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R. Weitzman
- Divisions of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine and,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lauren E. Wisk
- Divisions of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elizabeth Harstad
- Developmental Medicine, and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon Levy
- Developmental Medicine, and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Barsell DJ, Everhart RS, Miadich SA, Trujillo MA. Examining Health Behaviors, Health Literacy, and Self-efficacy in College Students With Chronic Conditions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1486758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Charlton J, Albanese A, Brodie L. The challenges of type 1 diabetes and new psychoactive substance misuse. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Charlton
- School of Health and Social Care; Edinburgh Napier University; Edinburgh UK
- Metabolic Unit; Western General Hospital; Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Liz Brodie
- School of Health and Social Care; Edinburgh Napier University; Edinburgh UK
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Baldridge S, Symes L. Just between Us: An Integrative Review of Confidential Care for Adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:e45-e58. [PMID: 29249646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Confidential care is recommended for all adolescents to facilitate risk behavior screening and discussion of sensitive topics. Only 40% of adolescents receive confidential care. The purpose of this integrative review is to describe research related to the practice of confidential care for adolescents. Evidence was analyzed to identify strategies to increase confidential care and improve risk behavior screening. METHOD Whittemore and Knafl's integrative literature review process was applied. RESULTS The 26 research articles included in this review included patients', parents', and physicians' perspectives. Confidential care practice is inconsistent. Strategies to improve practice are known. CONCLUSIONS Four key elements should be considered to establish a practice culture of confidential care for adolescents. Strategies for implementing the key elements of confidential care and supporting resources for efficient use of time alone are provided.
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Asnani MR, Barton-Gooden A, Grindley M, Knight-Madden J. Disease Knowledge, Illness Perceptions, and Quality of Life in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease: Is There a Link? Glob Pediatr Health 2017; 4:2333794X17739194. [PMID: 29152543 PMCID: PMC5680938 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x17739194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease knowledge, illness perceptions, and quality of life (QOL) were examined in 150 adolescents (mean age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.9; 49.3% males) with sickle cell disease (SCD). Females had higher knowledge (P = .004), lower QOL (P = .02), and perceived their illness to be more unpredictable (P = .03). Those with more severe disease perceived their illness to be unpredictable with worse outcomes. Those with higher knowledge scores perceived their illness to be chronic, made more sense of their illness, and perceived greater personal and treatment control. Final hierarchical regression model showed that secondary education as compared to primary education level (P < .001) was positively correlated whereas disease severity (P < .001), perceived unpredictability (P = .024), and negative emotions (P < .001) were negatively correlated with QOL. Health practitioners should assess adolescents’ illness perceptions and encouraging continuing schooling and addressing emotional/psychological problems could improve their QOL.
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Kim B, White K. How can health professionals enhance interpersonal communication with adolescents and young adults to improve health care outcomes?: systematic literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2017.1330696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, CNRU, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate White
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, CNRU, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ssewanyana D, Nyongesa MK, van Baar A, Newton CR, Abubakar A. Health risk behavior among chronically ill adolescents: a systematic review of assessment tools. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28725261 PMCID: PMC5512752 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with chronic illnesses engage in health risk behaviors (HRB) which pose challenges for optimizing care and management of their ill health. Frequent monitoring of HRB is recommended, however little is known about which are the most useful tools to detect HRB among chronically ill adolescents. AIMS This systematic review was conducted to address important knowledge gaps on the assessment of HRB among chronically ill adolescents. Its specific aims were to: identify HRB assessment tools, the geographical location of the studies, their means of administration, the psychometric properties of the tools and the commonest forms of HRB assessed among adolescents living with chronic illnesses globally. METHODS We searched in four bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts for empirical studies published until April 2017 on HRB among chronically ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. RESULTS This review indicates a major dearth of research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents especially in low income settings. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and Health Behavior in School-aged Children were the commonest HRB assessment tools. Only 21% of the eligible studies reported psychometric properties of the HRB tools or items. Internal consistency was good and varied from 0.73 to 0.98 whereas test-retest reliability varied from unacceptable (0.58) to good (0.85). Numerous methods of tool administration were also identified. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use and physical inactivity are the commonest forms of HRB assessed. CONCLUSION Evidence on the suitability of the majority of the HRB assessment tools has so far been documented in high income settings where most of them have been developed. The utility of such tools in low resource settings is often hampered by the cultural and contextual variations across regions. The psychometric qualities were good but only reported in a minority of studies from high income settings. This result points to the need for more resources and capacity building for tool adaptation and validation, so as to enhance research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moses Kachama Nyongesa
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- 0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles R. Newton
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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Abstract
The paper utilizes data collected at three time points in a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and a comparison group of perinatally exposed but HIV-uninfected (PHEU) youths in the United States (N = 325). Using growth curve modeling, the paper examines changes in substance use symptoms among PHIV+ and PHEU youths as they transition through adolescence, and assesses the individual and contextual factors associated with the rate of change in substance use symptoms. Findings indicate that substance use symptoms increased over time among PHIV+ youths, but not among PHEU youths. The rate of change in these symptoms was positively associated with an increasing number of negative life events. Study findings underscore the need for early, targeted interventions for PHIV+ youths, and interventions to reduce adversities and their deleterious effects in vulnerable populations.
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Britton L. Unintended Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Contraception Use and Counseling in Women With Cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2017; 21:189-196. [PMID: 28315546 PMCID: PMC5878924 DOI: 10.1188/17.cjon.189-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with past or current cancer diagnoses can benefit from planning pregnancies to optimize maternal health and birth outcomes.
. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review is to identify unmet needs for family planning services among women with cancer by describing the prevalence of contraception counseling, contraception use, unintended pregnancy, and abortion.
. METHODS Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, 16 studies were included.
. FINDINGS Women with cancer experience unintended pregnancy and abortion throughout their care. Not all women reported receiving contraception counseling, and many reported inconsistencies between contraception counseling desired and received. A prominent theme was uncertainty about fertility status. Use of highly effective contraceptive methods was low to moderate in eight patient populations.
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MHC Homozygosity Is Associated with Fast Sexual Strategies in Women. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-016-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hill SE, Boehm GW, Prokosch ML. Vulnerability to Disease as a Predictor of Faster Life History Strategies. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-015-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hogendorf AM, Fendler W, Sieroslawski J, Bobeff K, Wegrewicz K, Malewska KI, Przudzik MW, Szmigiero-Kawko M, Sztangierska B, Mysliwiec M, Szadkowska A, Mlynarski W. Breaking the Taboo: Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4153278. [PMID: 26858959 PMCID: PMC4709623 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4153278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of illicit drug use in a group of Polish adolescents with type 1 diabetes (DM1) in comparison with a national cohort of their healthy peers. METHODS Two hundred and nine adolescents with DM1, aged 15-18 years, were studied in 2013 with an anonymous questionnaire prepared for the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). The control group was a representative sample of 12114 students at the same age who took part in ESPAD in 2011. Metabolic control was regarded as good if self-reported HbA1c was <8% or poor if HbA1c was ≥8%. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use was lower among adolescents with DM1 than in the control group [58 (28%) versus 5524 (46%), p = 10(-5)]. Cannabis preparations were the most frequently used substances [38 (18.3%) versus 3976 (33.1%), p = 10(-5)], followed by tranquilizers, sedatives, and amphetamine. Lifetime and last 12-month use of cannabis were associated with poorer glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%), p < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with DM1 report using illicit drugs to a lesser extent than their healthy peers. The use of cannabis is associated with a poorer metabolic control in teens with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hogendorf
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
- *Anna M. Hogendorf:
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Sieroslawski
- Department of Studies on Alcoholism and Other Dependencies, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bobeff
- Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wegrewicz
- Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila I. Malewska
- Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej W. Przudzik
- Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szmigiero-Kawko
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Sztangierska
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mysliwiec
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Mlynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
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AKRE C, LIGHT A, SHERMAN L, POLVINEN J, RICH M. What young people with spina bifida want to know about sex and are not being told. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:963-9. [PMID: 26331351 PMCID: PMC4715573 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to examine sexual knowledge, concerns and needs of youth with spina bifida (SB) to inform the medical community on ways to better support their sexual health. METHODS As part of the Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment (VIA) - transitions, a prospective cohort study, 309 h of video data were collected from 14 participants (13-28 years old) with SB. Participants were loaned a video camcorder for 8-12 weeks to shoot visual narratives about any aspects of their lives. V/A visual narratives were analysed with grounded theory using NVivo. RESULTS Out of 14 participants, 11 (six women) addressed issues surrounding romantic relationships and sexuality in their video clips. Analysis revealed shared concerns, questions and challenges regarding sexuality gathered under four main themes: romantic relationships, sexuality, fertility and parenthood, and need for more talk on sexuality. CONCLUSIONS Youth with SB reported difficulties in finding answers to questions regarding their sexuality, romantic relationships and fertility. This study revealed a need for help from the medical community to inform and empower youth with SB in the area of sexual health. Through sexual and reproductive health education with patients and parents starting at an early age, medical providers can further encourage healthy emotional and physical development in adolescents transitioning into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina AKRE
- Center on Media and Child Health, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA, phone: +1 (617) 355-4127, fax: +1 (617) 730-0004
| | - Alexis LIGHT
- Washington Hospital Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura SHERMAN
- Wheelock College, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie POLVINEN
- Center on Media and Child Health, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael RICH
- Center on Media and Child Health, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Weitzman ER, Ziemnik RE, Huang Q, Levy S. Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth. Pediatrics 2015; 136. [PMID: 26668849 PMCID: PMC4552090 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use. However, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with knowledge or treatment adherence among chronically ill youth, a medically vulnerable group. METHODS Cross-sectional assessment of consented youth ages 9 to 18 years receiving care for asthma/cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using a self-administered online tool. Prevalence and correlates of risk behaviors and associations with knowledge and treatment adherence were estimated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, controlling for demographics, mental health, and the multiclinic sampling frame. RESULTS Of 403 consented youth (75.8% response), 51.6% were girls, 75.1% were white, and average age was 15.6 years. Of high school youth, 36.5% and 12.7% reported past-year alcohol use and binge drinking, respectively; 20% reported past-year marijuana use. Among high school youth, 53.1% and 37.2% answered correctly that alcohol can interfere with their medications and laboratory tests; youth answering incorrectly were 8.53 and 4.46 times more likely to drink and binge drink, respectively (P values , .001). Thirty-two percent and 8.3% of high school youth reported regularly forgetting or skipping their medications in the past 30 days; compared with past-year non drinking youth, drinkers were 1.79 and 1.61 times as likely to report regularly missing or skipping medications (P values , .05). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and marijuana use are common among youth with chronic medical conditions. Alcohol use is associated with treatment nonadherence. Education and preventive interventions are warranted to ameliorate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R. Weitzman
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosemary E. Ziemnik
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Quian Huang
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chronic conditions and coexisting ADHD-a complicated combination in adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1209-15. [PMID: 25823759 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adolescents with chronic conditions (CCs) take more health risks than peers. However, coexisting ADHD has not sufficiently been considered. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of different CCs on protective factors and health-risk behaviors, taking coexisting ADHD into account. A school-based study among 6895 15- and 17-year-old students was performed in the county of Sörmland, Sweden in 2011 (response rate 80 %). The questionnaire explored background factors, CCs, protective factors, and health-risk behaviors. CCs were reported by 11 %, while 55 % were healthy. Students with CCs more often reported coexisting ADHD than healthy students. In adolescents with neurological conditions, the odds ratio for having ADHD was 7.34 (95 % CI 3.00-17.99) as compared to healthy peers. Few protective factors (<4) and clustered health-risk behaviors (≥4) were more common among students with CCs, especially if ADHD or a combination including ADHD was reported. CONCLUSION CCs and coexisting ADHD are associated with few protective factors and clustered-health risk behaviors. Adolescents with ADHD-in addition to a chronic condition-should be specially acknowledged by health care professionals in order to prevent health risk behaviors. ADHD should be considered when studying these outcomes in adolescents. WHAT IS KNOWN • Youth with chronic conditions (CCs)-especially ADHD-are reported to take more health risks than peers. • In earlier studies of youth with CCs, the presence of coexisting ADHD has not been taken into account. WHAT IS NEW • In this study, we showed that ADHD was more prevalent among adolescents with different types of CCs. • CCs and coexisting ADHD were associated with few protective factors and clustered health-risk behaviors.
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Hofstetter AM, LaRussa P, Rosenthal SL. Vaccination of adolescents with chronic medical conditions: Special considerations and strategies for enhancing uptake. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2571-81. [PMID: 26212313 PMCID: PMC4685675 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1067350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with chronic medical conditions (CMCs), a growing population worldwide, possess a wide array of preventive health care needs. Vaccination is strongly recommended for the vast majority of these adolescents given their increased risk of vaccine preventable infection and associated complications. Not only should they receive routine vaccines, but some also require additional vaccines. Despite these guidelines, evidence suggests that adolescents with CMCs often fail to receive needed vaccines. Many factors contribute to this under-immunization, including lack of knowledge among parents and providers and suboptimal coordination of primary and subspecialty care. This review describes current vaccination recommendations for these adolescents as well as recent data related to infection risk, vaccine efficacy and safety, vaccination coverage, and the unique multilevel factors impacting uptake in this population. It also discusses strategies for improving coverage levels and reducing missed vaccination opportunities, with a particular focus on technology-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Hofstetter
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Philip LaRussa
- Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York, NY USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Susan L Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York, NY USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Columbia University Medical Center; New York, NY USA
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Murphy D, Klosky JL, Reed DR, Termuhlen AM, Shannon SV, Quinn GP. The importance of assessing priorities of reproductive health concerns among adolescent and young adult patients with cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:2529-36. [PMID: 26054052 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visions for the future are a normal developmental process for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with and without cancer, and these visions often include expectations of sexual and romantic relationships. AYA cancer survivors indicate reproductive health is an issue of great importance and more attention is needed in the health care setting throughout the cancer experience, beginning at diagnosis. Various practice guidelines are predominately focused on fertility; are intended to influence survivorship care plans; and do not encompass the broad scope of reproductive health that includes romantic partnering, friendships, body image, sexuality, sexual identity, fertility, contraception, and more. Although interventions to reduce reproductive health-related sequelae from treatment are best approached as an evolving process, practitioners are not certain of the priorities of these various reproductive health content areas. Strategies incongruent with the reproductive health priorities of AYAs will likely thwart adequate follow-up care and foster feelings of isolation from the treatment team. Research is needed to identify these priorities and ensure discussions of diverse content areas. This review explored various domains of reproductive health and emphasized how understanding the priorities of the AYA cancer cohort will guide future models of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Murphy
- Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center, Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach, California
| | - James L Klosky
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Damon R Reed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Sarcoma Department, Tampa, Florida.,H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Adolescent Young Adult Oncology Program, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amanda M Termuhlen
- Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center, Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach, California
| | - Susan V Shannon
- Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center, Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach, California
| | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Wang H, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Adiposity and early adolescent emotional/behavioral problems. J Pediatr 2015; 166:1404-9.e1-2. [PMID: 25805154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether life course adiposity is associated with emotional/behavioral problems in a non-Western developed setting with little social patterning of adiposity. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective, population-representative Chinese birth cohort, "Children of 1997," multivariable partial least squares regression was used to assess the adjusted associations of birth weight z-score, body mass index (BMI) z-scores at ages 3 months, 9 months, 3 years, 7 years, 9 years, and BMI z-score changes with emotional/behavioral problems at ∼ 11 years of age, assessed from the Chinese version of the Revised Parent's Rutter Scales. RESULTS Rutter score was available for 4976 (62.8% follow-up). Birth weight z-score, BMI z-scores at ages 3 months, 9 months, 3 years, 7 years, 9 years, and successive BMI z-scores changes had little association with Rutter score or subscores at ∼ 11 years of age, adjusted for socioeconomic position, although birth weight was negatively associated with specifically hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS In a developed, non-Western setting, we did not find adiposity be a factor in the development of emotional/behavioral problems in early adolescence. Although, we cannot rule out the possibility of residual confounding by genetic or familial factors, our results suggest that the reported associations may be contextually specific rather than biologically based. Whether lower birth weight is associated with hyperactivity in early adolescence needs to be confirmed or refuted in other suitable settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; City University of New York, School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY.
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Wallace D, Eason JM, Lindsey AM. The influence of incarceration and Re-entry on the availability of health care organizations in Arkansas. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2015; 3:3. [PMCID: PMC5151787 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-015-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies show that ex-prisoners often experience more health problems than the general population; unfortunately, these issues follow them upon their release from prison. As such, it is possible re-entry rates signal the need for neighborhood-based health care organizations (HCOs). We ask: are incarceration and re-entry rates associated with the availability of HCOs?. Methods MethodsUsing 2008 Central Business Pattern data, 2008 prison admissions and release data, and 2000 and 2010 census data, we test whether prison admission and release rates impact the availability of HCOs net of neighborhood characteristics in Arkansas using Logit-Poisson hurdle models with county fixed effects. Results We find that the incarceration and re-entry rates – together known as coercive mobility -- are related to whether a neighborhood has one or more HCOs, but not to the number of HCOs in a neighborhood. Conclusion Future public policies should aim to locate health care organizations in areas where there is significant churning of individuals in and out of prison. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40352-015-0016-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wallace
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Room 600, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - John M Eason
- Department of Sociology, Texas A&M University, 311 Academic Building, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Andrea M Lindsey
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Eppes Hall 112 S. Copeland Street Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-1273 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adolescents and young adults with special health care needs (SHCN) are uniquely vulnerable to health risk behaviors including smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use, and sexual risk-taking. Their likelihood of experiencing adverse health outcomes because of these behaviors may be beyond that experienced by their healthier peer group. Pediatric providers are responsible for appropriately counseling these patients about healthy lifestyles. This review provides some background regarding these health risks among adolescents and young adults with SHCN with particular focus on three populations: childhood cancer survivors, congenital heart disease patients, and those with intellectual disability. RECENT FINDINGS Young adults and adolescents with chronic medical conditions are as likely - and perhaps more likely - to engage in health risk behaviors. However, these behaviors are not fully addressed by primary care providers. SUMMARY Pediatric providers are encouraged to ask adolescents and young adults with SHCN about their understanding of, and engagement in, health risk behaviors. A multidisciplinary approach to encourage a healthy lifestyle within this population may have significant health benefits.
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Agarwal R, Patel R, Set K, Zidan M, Sivaswamy L. Safety, Awareness, and Familiarity regarding Epilepsy in Teenage Years (SAFETY): understanding the adolescents' perspective about their disease. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 41:114-8. [PMID: 25461200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the understanding of adolescent patients regarding epilepsy. METHODS The SAFETY (Safety, Awareness, and Familiarity regarding Epilepsy in Teenage Years) questionnaire (content validity index: 0.96, Flesch readability score: 66.6) was administered to 165 cognitively normal adolescents with epilepsy (85 females, mean age: 15.2 ± 1.6 years, range: 13-18 years). The first part of the questionnaire was devised to evaluate knowledge about epilepsy and antiepileptic medications (SAFETY-K: 7 questions). The second part queried lifestyle modifications and safety (SAFETY-S: 10 questions). Female participants answered 5 additional questions related to reproductive health (RH questionnaire). RESULTS The correct response rate for the composite SAFETY questionnaire was 51.5%. The average rates of correct responses for the SAFETY-K and SAFETY-S questions were 47.9% and 53.9%, respectively. On univariate logistic regression analysis, factors which were significant predictors of correct responses included age (odds ratio: 1.8, C.I. = 1.3-2.4), race (Caucasian vs. African-American; odds ratio: 3.9, C.I. = 1.4-10.4), and employment of at least one parent in a professional occupation (odds ratio: 3.3, C.I. = 1.1-10.3). The correct response rate did not correlate with the duration of epilepsy, extent of seizure control, number of antiepileptic medications, parental educational, or (un)employment status. The mean rate of correct responses for the RH questions amongst teenage girls was 17.4%. CONCLUSIONS There is lack of awareness about epilepsy and its associated lifestyle modifications in adolescents with epilepsy seen at our institution. This is especially true in young adolescents, African-American patients, and those whose parents are not employed in professional occupations. Teenage girls with epilepsy appear to have limited knowledge with respect to contraception and childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Agarwal
- Division of Neurology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Riddhiben Patel
- Division of Neurology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Kallol Set
- Division of Neurology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Marwan Zidan
- Department of Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Lalitha Sivaswamy
- Division of Neurology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Rostami Dovom M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Amiri P, Amirshekari G, Farahmand M, Azizi F. Main facilitators of smoking among young males in tehran: tehran lipid and glucose study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e15429. [PMID: 25593726 PMCID: PMC4270672 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Smoking is the most preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases and its alarming trend. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore and determine facilitating factors for smoking in young males, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), from their own perspective. Patients and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted within the framework of the TLGS. Participants were young males with 15 to 25 years of age and various levels of education. The inductive content analysis approach was used to analyze data on the participants’ perceptions with regard to smoking facilitators. Data collection was conducted through discussions by six semi-structured focus groups consisted of five to seven people. All the interviews were transcribed after being recorded and analyzed through constant comparative analysis. Results: Two main categories derived from the analysis of the data: I) personal needs and features; and II) environmental facilitators. The former concept included three subcategories: 1) fulfilling essential needs; 2) search for identity; and 3) lack of life skills. Environmental facilitators were also divided into two subcategories: 1) social patterns; and 2) ease of access. Conclusions: Tendency towards smoking is influenced by different factors. Clarifying these influential factors for smoking from the perspective of young males can be important in designing effective preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432500, E-mail:
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Golshan Amirshekari
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Santos T, Ferreira M, Simões MC, Machado MC, de Matos MG. Chronic condition and risk behaviours in Portuguese adolescents. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:227-36. [PMID: 24576385 PMCID: PMC4825360 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n2p227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Living with a chronic condition (CC) in adolescence has been historically considered protective for risk behaviours. However, research from the last decade suggest that when compared with healthy peers, adolescents living with a chronic condition can engage in risky behaviours in a similar if not higher rate than their counterparts living with out a CC. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the impact of 1) living with a chronic condition (CC), and 2) how the perception of living with a CC affects school participation, and its association with risk/protective behaviours (drunkenness, physical fight, sadness and self-harm). For this purpose 4 groups were identified: adolescents with mostly healthy behaviours, adolescents with mostly risk behaviours, adolescents with mostly risk-internalizing behaviours and adolescents with mostly risk-externalizing behaviours. A large sample was included in this study, composed by 3494 Portuguese adolescents with an average age of 15 years, who participated in the Portuguese Survey of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/WHO (HBSC). Main results show that adolescents living with a CC have more risk-internalizing behaviours when compared to adolescents without CC, who present more healthy behaviors. Furthermore, adolescents that report that having a CC affects school participation show more risky behaviours than those not affected by a CC who present more healthy behaviours. Boys with a CC show more healthy behaviours, and those who feel that the CC affects school participation present more risky behaviours. On the other hand, girls with a CC have more risk-internalizing behaviours and less healthy behaviours It is important to point out that dolescents living with a CC represent a vulnerable group, and may engage in experimental/risky behaviours as likely as their non CC peers. Thus, potential benefits can arise from reinforcing interventions within protective contexts (family/peers/school setting). Health/education professionals, more than considering risk behaviours as dangerous in themselves, should offer adolescents with a CC an opportunity to reflect on their own decisions. Educational programs would benefit from looking at risk behaviors more from an experimentation perspective, focusing on constructive ways to help adolescents with CC to proceed into adulthood in a more appropriate developmental way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana/Universidade de Lisboa (FMH/UL); Centro de Malária e Doenças Tropicais/Instituto de Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (CMDT/IHMT/UNL).
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