1
|
Wang H, Zheng A, Thorley D, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Independent and combined effects of calorie restriction and AICAR on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles from 24-month-old female and male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:614-625. [PMID: 38181403 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of two levels of calorie restriction (CR; eating either 15% or 35% less than ad libitum, AL, food intake for 8 weeks) by 24-month-old female and male rats on glucose uptake (GU) and phosphorylation of key signaling proteins (Akt; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; Akt substrate of 160 kDa, AS160) measured in isolated skeletal muscles that underwent four incubation conditions (without either insulin or AICAR, an AMPK activator; with AICAR alone; with insulin alone; or with insulin and AICAR). Regardless of sex: (1) neither CR group versus the AL group had greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles; (2) phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated muscles was increased in 35% CR versus AL rats; (3) prior AICAR treatment of muscle resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles, regardless of diet; and (4) AICAR caused elevated phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, an indicator of AMPK activation, in all diet groups. There was a sexually dimorphic diet effect on AS160 phosphorylation, with 35% CR exceeding AL for insulin-stimulated muscles in male rats, but not in female rats. Our working hypothesis is that the lack of a CR-effect on GU by insulin-stimulated muscles was related to the extended duration of the ex vivo incubation period (290 min compared to 40-50 min that was previously reported to be effective). The observed efficacy of prior treatment of muscles with AICAR to improve glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated muscles supports the strategy of targeting AMPK with the goal of improving insulin sensitivity in older females and males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Thorley
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao C, Habtewold TD, Naderi E, Liemburg EJ, Bruggeman R, Alizadeh BZ. Association of clinical symptoms and cardiometabolic dysregulations in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 67:e7. [PMID: 38088065 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have a shortened life expectancy related to cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms with cardiometabolic dysregulations in SSD patients. METHODS Overall, 1,119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) study were included. Cognitive function, positive and negative symptoms were assessed at baseline, 3-year, and 6-year. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured at 3-year follow-up. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to test the association between cardiometabolic biomarkers and clinical trajectories and performed mediation analyzes, while adjusting for clinical and demographic confounders. RESULTS Cognitive performance was inversely associated with increased body mass index (mean difference [β], βhigh = -1.24, 95% CI = -2.28 to 0.20, P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (βmild = 2.74, 95% CI = 0.11 to 5.37, P = 0.04). The severity of positive symptoms was associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (βlow = -2.01, 95% CI = -3.21 to -0.82, P = 0.001). Increased diastolic blood pressure (ORhigh-decreased = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.08, P = 0.02; ORhigh-increased = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.08, P = 0.048) and decreased high-density lipoprotein (OR high-increased = 6.25, 95% CI = 1.81 to 21.59, P = 0.004) were associated with more severe negative symptoms. Increased HbA1c (ORmoderate = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.10, P = 0.024; ORhigh = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.14, P = 0.006) was associated with more severe positive symptoms. These associations were not mediated by antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS We showed an association between cardiometabolic dysregulations and clinical and cognitive symptoms in SSD patients. The observed associations underscore the need for early identification of patients at risk of cardiometabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elnaz Naderi
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J Liemburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khakpai F, Naseroleslami M, Moheb-Alian M, Ghanimati E, Abdollah-Pour F, Mousavi-Niri N. Intra-gastrically administration of Stevia and particularly Nano-Stevia reversed the hyperglycemia, anxiety, and memory impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114100. [PMID: 36716984 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders considered chronic hyperglycemia resulting from deficits in insulin secretion or insulin function. This disease usually links with various psychological problems such as anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural and healthy substitute sweetener for sugar and artificial sweeteners. It has become essential for human diets and food manufacturers. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Stevia and Nano-stevia on the regulation of anxiety and memory processes in male diabetic rats. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) test-retest procedure was used to assess anxiety and memory in male diabetic rats. The findings exhibited that induction of diabetes caused a distorted cellular arrangement in the liver tissue of male rats. On the other hand, intra-gastrically administration of Stevia (1 ml/kg) and nano-Stevia (1 ml/kg) indicated a normal appearance in the liver tissue of male diabetic rats. Moreover, induction of diabetes caused the augmentation of blood glucose, reduction in time spent in%open-arm time (%OAT) on the test day, and enhancement of%OAT on the retest day. Therefore, induction of diabetes in rats produced hyperglycemia, anxiogenic effect, and memory impairment and these responses were reversed by drug treatment. Furthermore, intra-gastrically application of Stevia (1 ml/kg) and nano-Stevia (1 ml/kg) reversed the hyperglycemia, anxiogenic effect, and memory impairment in male diabetic rats. Interestingly, Nano-Stevia exhibited the highest significant response rather than Stevia. In conclusion, the results of this research suggested the beneficial properties of Stevia and particularly Nano-Stevia on inducing anti-diabetic effects, anxiolytic behavior, as well as memory improvement in male diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseroleslami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moheb-Alian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Herbal pharmacology research center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanimati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Herbal pharmacology research center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abdollah-Pour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Herbal pharmacology research center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mousavi-Niri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng A, Wang H, Arias EB, Dong G, Zhao J, Cartee GD. Akt substrate of 160 kDa is essential for the calorie restriction-induced increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle of female rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:283-292. [PMID: 36634338 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR; consuming 65% of ad libitum (AL) intake) for 8 weeks on female wildtype (WT) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa knockout (AS160-KO) rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated with 0, 50, 100, or 500 µU/mL insulin. Phosphorylation of key insulin signaling proteins that control ISGU (Akt and AS160) was assessed by immunoblotting (Akt phosphorylation on Threonine-308, pAktThr308 and Serine-473, pAktSer473; AS160 phosphorylation on Serine-588, pAS160Ser588, and Threonine-642, pAS160Thr642). Abundance of proteins that regulate ISGU (GLUT4 glucose transporter protein and hexokinase II) was also determined by immunoblotting. The major results were as follows: (i) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater ISGU with 100 and 500 µU/mL insulin; (ii) CR versus WT-AL rats had greater GLUT4 protein abundance; (iii) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats had greater pAktThr308 with 500 µU/mL insulin; (iv) WT-CR versus WT-AL rats did not differ for pAktSer473, pAS160Ser588, or pAS160Thr642 at any insulin concentration; (v) AS160-KO versus WT rats with each diet had lower ISGU at each insulin concentration, but not lower pAkt on either phosphosite; (vi) AS160-KO versus WT rats had lower muscle GLUT4 abundance regardless of diet; and (vii) AS160-KO-CR versus AS160-KO-AL rats did not differ for ISGU, GLUT4 abundance, pAkt on either phosphosite, or pAS160 on either phosphosite. These novel results demonstrated that AS160 expression, but not greater pAS160 on key phosphosites, was essential for the CR-induced increases in muscle ISGU and GLUT4 abundance of female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gengfu Dong
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ogura J, Yamaguchi H. The Effectiveness of Antidiabetic Drugs in Treating Dementia: A Peek into Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6542. [PMID: 35742986 PMCID: PMC9223777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia dramatically affects the activities of daily living and quality of life; thus, many therapeutic approaches for overcoming dementia have been developed. However, an effective treatment regimen is yet to be developed. As diabetes is a well-known risk factor for dementia, drug repositioning and repurposing of antidiabetic drugs are expected to be effective dementia treatments. Several observational studies have been useful for understanding the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in treating dementia, but it is difficult to conclusively analyze the association between antidiabetic drug treatment and the risk of developing dementia after correcting for potential confounding factors. Mechanism-based approaches may provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs for treating dementia. Since the peripheral circulation and the central nerve system are separated by the blood-brain barrier, it is important to understand the regulation of the central glucose metabolism. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of antidiabetic drugs in relation to treating dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biological properties and potential application of hawthorn and its major functional components: A review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Epstein LH, Jimenez-Knight T, Honan AM, Paluch RA, Bickel WK. Imagine to Remember: An Episodic Future Thinking Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:95-104. [PMID: 35046645 PMCID: PMC8763258 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s342118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication nonadherence is prevalent in diabetic populations, with "forgetting" a commonly cited reason. This issue of forgetfulness is due, in part, to a failure of prospective memory (PM). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been shown to improve PM but has not been used to improve medication adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current study used a multiple baseline design (N = 4) to test the effects of EFT on medication non-adherence for four patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, with comorbid high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Medication adherence was objectively measured over 15 weeks using medication event monitoring systems. RESULTS Results of visual analysis showed medication adherence was reliably improved, confirmed by mixed model analysis of variance (p < 0.001), with significant differences from baseline to treatment (Tau <0.05) for 3 of 4 participants. Improvements in two measures of PM (effect size (ES) = 0.73, 0.80) and delay discounting (ES = 1.20) were observed. CONCLUSION This study provides a feasible way to improve medication adherence in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Leonard H Epstein Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, G56, Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USATel +1 716-829-3400 Email
| | - Tatiana Jimenez-Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Honan
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rocco A Paluch
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mani V, Arfeen M, Sajid S, Almogbel Y. Aqueous Ajwa dates seeds extract improves memory impairment in type-2 diabetes mellitus rats by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2738-2748. [PMID: 35531250 PMCID: PMC9072939 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder prevalent across the globe and is known to cause brain dysfunction, especially memory and cognitive decline. The current study investigates the effect of aqueous Ajwa seeds extract (AASE) on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced memory deficits using a rat model. T2DM was induced by an administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.). AASE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated to T2DM rats for 30 days and the results were compared with the metformin (200 mg/kg). Elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed to assess the memory functions. The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were estimated to assess the anti-diabetic effects of AASE. Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were estimated from brain homogenates to assess cholinergic transmission. Treatment with AASE resulted in the reversal of behavioral deficits. EPM showed, a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) among T2DM rats. High exploration time with a novel object and improvement in discrimination index were observed among treated groups during the NOR test. The Y-Maze test improved the entries and also time spent in the novel arm. Moreover, treatment of AASE reversed hyperglycemic and enhanced plasma insulin levels (200 mg/kg: 3.81 ± 0.08 ng/ml and 400 mg/kg: 4.09 ± 0.10 ng/ml) among T2DM rats (2.81 ± 0.15 ng/ml). Improved ACh levels (200 mg/kg: 186.6 ± 9.51 pg/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 165.5 ± 9.25 pg/mg protein) and reduced AChE levels (200 mg/kg: 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 0.32 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein) were also noted in the brain of AASE treated groups as referred to diabetic group (ACh: 107.1 ± 7.16 pg/mg protein and AChE: 0.51 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein). The above results were found to be comparable with the metformin-treated groups. From the results, it can be concluded that AASE has the potential to improve T2DM associated cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ventoulis I, Arfaras-Melainis A, Parissis J, Polyzogopoulou E. Cognitive Impairment in Acute Heart Failure: Narrative Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120184. [PMID: 34940539 PMCID: PMC8703678 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) represents a common but often veiled comorbidity in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) that deserves more clinical attention. In the AHF setting, it manifests as varying degrees of deficits in one or more cognitive domains across a wide spectrum ranging from mild CI to severe global neurocognitive disorder. On the basis of the significant negative implications of CI on quality of life and its overwhelming association with poor outcomes, there is a compelling need for establishment of detailed consensus guidelines on cognitive screening methods to be systematically implemented in the population of patients with heart failure (HF). Since limited attention has been drawn exclusively on the field of CI in AHF thus far, the present narrative review aims to shed further light on the topic. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CI in AHF remain poorly understood and seem to be multifactorial. Different pathophysiological pathways may come into play, depending on the clinical phenotype of AHF. There is some evidence that cognitive decline closely follows the perturbations incurred across the long-term disease trajectory of HF, both along the time course of stable chronic HF as well as during episodes of HF exacerbation. CI in AHF remains a rather under recognized scientific field that poses many challenges, since there are still many unresolved issues regarding cognitive changes in patients hospitalized with AHF that need to be thoroughly addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
- Correspondence: or (I.V.); (A.A.-M.); Tel.: +30-6973018788 (I.V.); +1-347-920-8875 (A.A.-M.)
| | - Angelos Arfaras-Melainis
- Heart Failure Unit and University Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece; (J.P.); (E.P.)
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: or (I.V.); (A.A.-M.); Tel.: +30-6973018788 (I.V.); +1-347-920-8875 (A.A.-M.)
| | - John Parissis
- Heart Failure Unit and University Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece; (J.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Eftihia Polyzogopoulou
- Heart Failure Unit and University Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece; (J.P.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parsa H, Moradi-Khaligh Z, Rajabi S, Ranjbar K, Komaki A. Swimming training and Plantago psyllium ameliorate cognitive impairment and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:37. [PMID: 34837961 PMCID: PMC10717834 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain malfunction is common in diabetic patients. On the other hand, a growing body of research points to the beneficial effect of medicinal plants and exercise training on insulin sensitivity and brain function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of swimming training and Plantago psyllium (mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 5%) on learning and memory impairment and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 10 healthy and 40 rats with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to five groups: healthy sedentary control group (Con), sedentary diabetic group (D), diabetic group subjected to swimming training (D + Tr), diabetic group receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps), and diabetic group subjected to swimming training and receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps + Tr). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) separately with 15 min intervals. Experimental groups were treated with swimming training and P. psyllium independently and simultaneously for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and food intake were measured and also, glucose tolerance was evaluated by glucose area under the curve (AUCg) using an oral glucose tolerance test. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory were evaluated by shuttle box test and cognitive memory was assessed by novel object recognition (NOR) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in food intake, lipid profile, and AUCg compared to healthy rats. Step-through latency in the PAL acquisition trial (STL-a) and retention test (STL-r) were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in the control group. In the diabetic group without treatment, time spent in the dark compartment increased compared to the control group in the shuttle box test. Discrimination index and distance traveled reduced in diabetic rats. On the other hand, swimming training and P. psyllium alleviated food intake, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Also, the STL-a, STL-r, discrimination index, and distance travelled in the D + Ps + Tr group were significantly more than the diabetic group. Results showed that 12 weeks of swimming training and receiving P. psyllium improved memory deficit in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats possibly through hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. These results suggest that the administration of swimming training and P. psyllium simultaneously might be an effective intervention for the treatment of diabetes-induced behavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Parsa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Moradi-Khaligh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sara Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Stoelzel C, Ezrokhi M, Tsai TH, Cincotta AH. Activation State of the Supramammillary Nucleus Regulates Body Composition and Peripheral Fuel Metabolism. Neuroscience 2021; 466:125-147. [PMID: 33991623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole body fuel metabolism and energy balance are controlled by an interactive brain neuronal circuitry involving multiple brain centers regulating cognition, circadian rhythms, reward, feeding and peripheral biochemical metabolism. The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuMN) comprises an integral node having connections with these metabolically relevant centers, and thus could be a key central coordination center for regulating peripheral energy balance. This study investigated the effect of chronically diminishing or increasing SuMN neuronal activity on body composition and peripheral fuel metabolism. The influence of neuronal activity level at the SuMN area on peripheral metabolism was investigated via chronic (2-4 week) direct SuMN treatment with agents that inhibit neuronal activity (GABAa receptor agonist [Muscimol] and AMPA plus NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists [CNQX plus dAP5, respectively]) in high fat fed animals refractory to the obesogenic effects of high fat diet. Such treatment reduced SuMN neuronal activity and induced metabolic syndrome, and likewise did so in animals fed low fat diet including inducement of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and increased body weight gain and fat mass coupled with both increased food consumption and feed efficiency. Consistent with these results, circadian-timed activation of neuronal activity at the SuMN area with daily local infusion of glutamate receptor agonists, AMPA or NMDA at the natural daily peak of SuMN neuronal activity improved insulin resistance and obesity in high fat diet-induced insulin resistant animals. These studies are the first of their kind to identify the SuMN area as a novel brain locus that regulates peripheral fuel metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhang
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cochar-Soares N, de Carvalho DHT, de Andrade FB, Castro-Costa E, de Oliveira C, Lima-Costa MF, Alexandre TDS. Does undiagnosed diabetes mitigate the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment? Findings from the ELSI-Brazil study. J Diabetes 2020; 12:834-843. [PMID: 32478972 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, most of the evidence has been based on self-reported T2DM, and undiagnosed diabetes has not been considered as a separate category. We aimed to examine the extent to which undiagnosed diabetes modifies the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from 1944 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) conducted from 2015 to 2016. Diabetes was evaluated based on self-reported doctor diagnosis and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Participants were classified as diabetics (D), undiagnosed diabetics (UDD), or nondiabetics (ND). Cognitive function was assessed by word list learning and verbal fluency tests. Three multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the changes in the strength of the associations. RESULTS Participants with diabetes had 49% greater odds of exhibiting impaired memory than nondiabetics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01-2.20). By combining UDD and ND, the association between diabetes and impaired memory was attenuated by 2.0%, losing its statistical significance (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98-2.17). By combining UDD and D, the association was attenuated by 7.4% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01-1.90). No significant association was found between T2DM and impaired verbal fluency. CONCLUSION This study found an association between T2DM and impaired memory but not with impaired verbal fluency. When UDD individuals are considered diabetics, this association is attenuated; when UDD individuals are considered as ND, this association is attenuated to the extent that it loses its statistical significance, affecting thus the clinical interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cochar-Soares
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danilo H T de Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Erico Castro-Costa
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria F Lima-Costa
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago da S Alexandre
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oki K, Arias EB, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. Effects of Acute Exercise Combined With Calorie Restriction Initiated Late-in-Life on Insulin Signaling, Lipids, and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle From Old Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:207-217. [PMID: 30272137 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR: consuming 60-65% of ad libitum [AL] intake) initiated late-in-life with or without acute exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) of skeletal muscle by studying four groups of 26-month-old rats: sedentary-AL, sedentary-CR (8-week duration), 3 hours post-exercise (3hPEX)-AL and 3hPEX-CR. ISGU was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated ± insulin. Muscles were assessed for signaling proteins (immunoblotting) and lipids (mass spectrometry). ISGU from sedentary-CR and 3hPEX-AL exceeded sedentary-AL; 3hPEX-CR exceeded all other groups. Akt (Ser473, Thr308) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; Ser588, Thr642, Ser704) phosphorylation levels tracked with ISGU. Among the 477 lipids detected, 114 were altered by CR (including reductions in 15 of 25 acylcarnitines), and 27 were altered by exercise (including reductions in 18 of 22 lysophosphatidylcholines) with only six lipids overlapping between CR and exercise. ISGU significantly correlated with 23 lipids, including: acylcarnitine 20:1 (r = .683), lysophosphatidylethanolamine19:0 (r = -.662), acylcarnitine 24:0 (r = .611), and plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine 37:5 (r = -.603). Muscle levels of ceramides (a lipid class previously linked to insulin resistance) were not altered by CR and/or exercise nor significantly correlated with ISGU, implicating other mechanisms (which potentially involve other lipids identified in this study) for greater ISGU and Akt and AS160 phosphorylation with these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Edward B Arias
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tyner E, Oropeza M, Figueroa J, Peña ICD. Childhood Hypertension and Effects on Cognitive Functions: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:677-686. [PMID: 31749437 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191017155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension is currently one of the most common health concerns in children, given its effects not only on cardiovascular but also cognitive functions. There is accumulating evidence suggesting neurocognitive dysfunction in hypertensive children that could persist even into adulthood. Identifying the precise mechanism(s) underlying the association between childhood hypertension and cognitive dysfunction is crucial as it could potentially lead to the discovery of "druggable" biological targets facilitating the development of treatments. Here, we discuss some of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying childhood hypertension and cognitive deficits and suggest strategies to address some of the current challenges in the field. The various research studies involving hypertensive adults indicate that long-term hypertension may produce abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity, chronic inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, or hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia, which could lead to alterations in the brain's structure and functions, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. In light of the current literature, we propose that dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis, modifications in endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the gut microbiome may also modulate cognitive functions in hypertensive individuals. Moreover, the above-mentioned pathological states may further intensify the detrimental effects of hypertension on cognitive functions. Thus, treatments that target not only hypertension but also its downstream effects may prove useful in ameliorating hypertension-induced cognitive deficits. Much remains to be clarified about the mechanisms and treatments of hypertension-induced cognitive outcomes in pediatric populations. Addressing the knowledge gaps in this field entails conducting not only clinical research but also rigorous basic and translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tyner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Marie Oropeza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| | - Johnny Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, and Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
| | - Ike C Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, 92350, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Prevents the Memory and Cognitive Deterioration in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1567179. [PMID: 31281225 PMCID: PMC6590589 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1567179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients experience memory and cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underlying this dysfunction in the brain of DM patients are not fully understood, and therefore, no optimized therapeutic strategy has been established so far. The aim of the present study was to assess whether irisin was able to improve memory and cognitive performance in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. A diabetic mouse model was established and behavioral tests were performed. We also set up primary cultures for mechanism studies. Western blots and EMSA were used for molecular studies. Significant impairment of cognition and memory was observed in these DM mice, which could be effectively prevented by irisin cotreatment. We also found upregulated levels of GFAP protein, reduced synaptic protein expression, and increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brains; however, irisin significantly attenuated these cellular responses. Meanwhile, our results demonstrated that irisin inhibited the activation of P38, STAT3, and NFκB proteins of DM mice. Furthermore, our results suggested that irisin might regulate the function of P38, STAT3, and NFκB in hippocampal tissues of DM mice. Collectively, irisin inhibited neuroinflammation in STZ-induced DM mice by inhibiting cytokine release and improving their cognitive function. Our findings revealed the mechanism of irisin's anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pataky MW, Yu CS, Nie Y, Arias EB, Singh M, Mendias CL, Ploutz-Snyder RJ, Cartee GD. Skeletal muscle fiber type-selective effects of acute exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant, high-fat-fed rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E695-E706. [PMID: 30753114 PMCID: PMC6580167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00482.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) by skeletal muscle is enhanced several hours after acute exercise in rats with normal or reduced insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle is composed of multiple fiber types, but exercise's effect on fiber type-specific insulin-stimulated GU in insulin-resistant muscle was previously unknown. Male rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 2 wk) and were either sedentary (SED) or exercised (2-h exercise). Other, low-fat diet-fed (LFD) rats remained SED. Rats were studied immediately postexercise (IPEX) or 3 h postexercise (3hPEX). Epitrochlearis muscles from IPEX rats were incubated in 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose (2-[3H]DG) without insulin. Epitrochlearis muscles from 3hPEX rats were incubated with 2-[3H]DG ± 100 µU/ml insulin. After single fiber isolation, GU and fiber type were determined. Glycogen and lipid droplets (LDs) were assessed histochemically. GLUT4 abundance was determined by immunoblotting. In HFD-SED vs. LFD-SED rats, insulin-stimulated GU was decreased in type IIB, IIX, IIAX, and IIBX fibers. Insulin-independent GU IPEX was increased and glycogen content was decreased in all fiber types (types I, IIA, IIB, IIX, IIAX, and IIBX). Exercise by HFD-fed rats enhanced insulin-stimulated GU in all fiber types except type I. Single fiber analyses enabled discovery of striking fiber type-specific differences in HFD and exercise effects on insulin-stimulated GU. The fiber type-specific differences in insulin-stimulated GU postexercise in insulin-resistant muscle were not attributable to a lack of fiber recruitment, as indirectly evidenced by insulin-independent GU and glycogen IPEX, differences in multiple LD indexes, or altered GLUT4 abundance, implicating fiber type-selective differences in the cellular processes responsible for postexercise enhancement of insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Glycogen/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Sedentary Behavior
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carmen S Yu
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yilin Nie
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Manak Singh
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | | | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bergman I, Johansson K, Lundberg C. Five-year change scores in old age for six neuropsychological tests and normative data for the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test: The influence of physical health. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 41:229-245. [PMID: 30332909 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1527292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive change over time is often conducted in clinical settings, but whether neuropsychological change scores are influenced by physical health has, as far as we know, not been examined previously. METHOD In a sample of 153 older Swedish adults (age range, 72-86 years), we evaluated the influence of common age-related diseases, terminal decline pathology, age, education, and gender, to provide (a) preliminary test-specific regression weights and 90% confidence intervals to assess significant change in performance after five years on tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, reaction time, and selective attention, and (b) normative data for the Useful Field of View test (UFOV) from a single testing occasion. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that test-retest changes were affected by physical health for mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, and reaction time, by age for mental shifting and visual reaction time, by education for visual spatial ability, and by Age × Education for auditory reaction time. Gender did not affect any of the change scores. The overall average of variance explained was 2.5%: up to 8.1% for physical health, 4.4% for age, and 3.6% for education. The UFOV scores were mostly influenced by age, but also by physical health and education. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that considering the influence of health on normative change scores in old age in addition to demographic factors leads to more accurate predictions of whether true change has occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvar Bergman
- a Function Area Aging Health and Functioning , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Traffic Medicine Centre , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kurt Johansson
- b Traffic Medicine Centre , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Theme Aging , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Catarina Lundberg
- a Function Area Aging Health and Functioning , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Traffic Medicine Centre , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oki K, Arias EB, Kanzaki M, Cartee GD. Prior treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR induces subsequently enhanced glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles from 24-month-old rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018. [PMID: 29518344 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation may be part of the exercise-induced process that enhances insulin sensitivity. Independent of exercise, acute prior treatment of skeletal muscles isolated from young rats with a pharmacological AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), causes subsequently improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU). However, efficacy of a single prior AICAR exposure on insulin-stimulated GU in muscles from old animals has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brief, prior exposure to AICAR (3.5 h before GU assessment) leads to subsequently increased GU in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscles from old rats. Epitrochlearis muscles from 24-month-old male rats were isolated and initially incubated ±AICAR (60 min), followed by incubation without AICAR (3 h), then incubation ±insulin (50 min). Muscles were assessed for GU (via 3-O-methyl-[3H]-glucose accumulation) and site-specific phosphorylation of key proteins involved in enhanced GU, including AMPK, Akt, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), via Western blotting. Prior ex vivo AICAR treatment resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles from 24-month-old rats. Prior AICAR treatment also resulted in greater phosphorylation of AMPK (T172) and AS160 (S588, T642, and S704). Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein abundance was unaffected by prior AICAR and/or insulin treatment. These findings demonstrate that skeletal muscles from older rats are susceptible to enhanced insulin-stimulated GU after brief activation of AMPK by prior AICAR. Consistent with earlier research using muscles from young rodents, increased phosphorylation of AS160 is implicated in this effect, which was not attributable to altered GLUT4 glucose transporter protein abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oki
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- b Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- a Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,c Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and The Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zarrinkalam E, Ranjbar K, Salehi I, Kheiripour N, Komaki A. Resistance training and hawthorn extract ameliorate cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:503-510. [PMID: 29091901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that diabetic rats display cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training and natural antioxidants on learning and memory in type 1 diabetic rats. For this purpose, fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (i) Control (Con, n=10), (ii) Diabetic (D, n=10), (iii) Diabetic+Resistance training (DRT, n=10), (iv) Diabetic+natural antioxidants (DHE, n=10), and (v) Diabetic+Resistance training+ natural antioxidants (DRH, n=10). Climbing the ladder for a period of 5days/week for 10 consecutive weeks was considered as the resistance training model in our study. Natural antioxidants (100mg/kg per day) were administered to natural antioxidant groups for a period of 10 weeks. Moreover, spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory function were evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) and shuttle box tests. The results showed that, mean of total escape latency decreased 25% (P<0.0001) in the DRH group compared with the D group in MWM. The percentage of time spent in the target quadrant identically decreased (34%) in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p=0.001). In this regard, time spent in the dark Compartment (TDC) respectively rose 86% and 95% in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p<0.05), and decreased 88% in the DRT and DRH groups compared with the D group in the shuttle box test (p<0.05). Furthermore, we noticed that total antioxidant capacity increase and lipid peroxidation decrease in response to the treatments in the diabetic rats as well. Therefore, the current study indicated that exercise training and natural antioxidants synergistically ameliorated learning and memory deficits in type 1 diabetic rats via reducing oxidative stress. Hence, it may propose a potential role of resistance training and natural antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Association of body mass index-related single nucleotide polymorphisms with psychiatric disease and memory performance in a Japanese population. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017; 29:299-308. [PMID: 27923415 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for psychiatric diseases. Recently, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be related to body mass index (BMI). In this study, we investigated the association of BMI-related SNPs with psychiatric diseases and one of their endophenotypes, memory performance, in a Japanese population. METHODS The subjects were 1624 patients with one of three psychiatric diseases (799 patients with major depressive disorder, 594 with schizophrenia, and 231 with bipolar disorder) and 1189 healthy controls. Memory performance was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised (WMS-R). Genomic DNA was prepared from venous blood and used to genotype 23 BMI-related SNPs using the TaqMan 5'-exonuclease allelic discrimination assay. We then analysed the relationships between the SNPs and psychiatric disease and various subscales of the WMS-R. RESULTS Three SNPs (rs11142387, rs12597579, and rs6548238) showed significant differences in the genotype or allele frequency between patients with any psychiatric diseases and controls. Furthermore, six SNPs (rs11142387, rs12597579, rs2815752, rs2074356, rs4776970, and rs2287019) showed significant differences in at least one subscale of the WMS-R depending on the genotypes of the healthy controls. Interestingly, rs11142387 near the Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) was significantly associated with psychiatric disease and poor memory function. CONCLUSIONS We identified three and six BMI-related SNPs associated with psychiatric disease and memory performance, respectively. In particular, carrying the A allele of rs11142387 near KLF9 was found to be associated with psychiatric disease and poor memory performance, which warrants further investigations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Exercise Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1034-1047. [PMID: 27304505 PMCID: PMC5045036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary aging is the progressive and inevitable process of bodily deterioration during adulthood. In skeletal muscle, primary aging causes defective mitochondrial energetics and reduced muscle mass. Secondary aging refers to additional deleterious structural and functional age-related changes caused by diseases and lifestyle factors. Secondary aging can exacerbate deficits in mitochondrial function and muscle mass, concomitant with the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Exercise opposes deleterious effects of secondary aging by preventing the decline in mitochondrial respiration, mitigating aging-related loss of muscle mass and enhancing insulin sensitivity. This review focuses on mechanisms by which exercise promotes "healthy aging" by inducing modifications in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cartee GD. Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E949-59. [PMID: 26487009 PMCID: PMC4816200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced skeletal muscle and whole body insulin sensitivity can persist for up to 24-48 h after one exercise session. This review focuses on potential mechanisms for greater postexercise and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by muscle in individuals with normal or reduced insulin sensitivity. A model is proposed for the processes underlying this improvement; i.e., triggers initiate events that activate subsequent memory elements, which store information that is relayed to mediators, which translate memory into action by controlling an end effector that directly executes increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Several candidates are potential triggers or memory elements, but none have been conclusively verified. Regarding potential mediators in both normal and insulin-resistant individuals, elevated postexercise ISGU with a physiological insulin dose coincides with greater Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation without improved proximal insulin signaling at steps from insulin receptor binding to Akt activity. Causality remains to be established between greater AS160 phosphorylation and improved ISGU. The end effector for normal individuals is increased GLUT4 translocation, but this remains untested for insulin-resistant individuals postexercise. Following exercise, insulin-resistant individuals can attain ISGU values similar to nonexercising healthy controls, but after a comparable exercise protocol performed by both groups, ISGU for the insulin-resistant group has been consistently reported to be below postexercise values for the healthy group. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the improved postexercise ISGU in individuals with normal or subnormal insulin sensitivity and to explain the disparity between these groups after similar exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moradkhani S, Salehi I, Abdolmaleki S, Komaki A. Effect of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on passive avoidance learning and memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:156-61. [PMID: 26120230 PMCID: PMC4458906 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.157160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants, owing to their different mechanisms such as antioxidants effects, may improve learning and memory impairments in diabetic rats. Calendula officinalis (CO), has a significant antioxidant activity. AIMS To examine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of CO on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: Control, diabetic, control + extract of CO and diabetic control + extract of CO groups with free access to regular rat diet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Diabetes in diabetic rats was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg STZ. After confirmation of diabetes, oral administration of 300 mg/kg CO extract to extract-treated groups have been done. PAL was tested 8 weeks after onset of treatment, and blood glucose and body weight were measured in all groups at the beginning and end of the experiment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The statistical analysis of data was performed by ANOVA followed by least significant difference post-hoc analysis. RESULTS Diabetes decreased learning and memory. Effect of CO extract in retention test (after 24 and 48 h) has been shown a significant decrease in step-through latency and increase in time spent in the dark compartment part. Also the extract partially improved hyperglycemia and reduced body weight. CONCLUSION Taken together, CO extract can improve PAL and memory impairments in STZ-diabetic rats. This improvement may be due to its antioxidant, anticholinergic activities or its power to reduce hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moradkhani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Abdolmaleki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Flos Puerariae Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:873243. [PMID: 26060502 PMCID: PMC4427852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/873243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The effects of Flos Puerariae extract (FPE) on cognitive impairment associated with diabetes were assessed in C57BL/6J mice. Methods. Experimental diabetic mice model was induced by one injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 days consecutively. FPE was orally administrated at the dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. The learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze test. Body weight, blood glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) in serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were also measured. Results. Oral administration of FPE significantly improved cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FPE treatment also maintained body weight and ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. Additionally, decreased MDA level, enhanced CAT, and GSH-Px activities in cerebral cortex or hippocampus, as well as alleviated AChE activity in cerebral cortex, were found in diabetic mice supplemented with FPE. Conclusion. This study suggests that FPE ameliorates memory deficits in experimental diabetic mice, at least partly through the normalization of metabolic abnormalities, ameliorated oxidative stress, and AChE activity in brain.
Collapse
|
25
|
West RK, Ravona-Springer R, Schmeidler J, Leroith D, Koifman K, Guerrero-Berroa E, Preiss R, Hoffman H, Silverman JM, Heymann A, Schnaider-Beeri M. The association of duration of type 2 diabetes with cognitive performance is modulated by long-term glycemic control. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:1055-9. [PMID: 24534521 PMCID: PMC4108577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unclear why duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased cognitive compromise. High hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has also been associated with dementia, and is the primary contributor to T2D complications. Here we investigated whether the association of duration of T2D with cognitive functioning is modulated by HbA1C levels. METHODS This study examined nondemented community-dwelling T2D elderly (N = 897) participating in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study, who were assessed with a broad neuropsychological battery. Subjects were all from the Maccabi Healthcare Services, which has a Diabetes Registry with complete HbA1c measurements since 1998. Partial correlations were performed to examine the modulating effect of HbA1c on the relationship of duration of T2D with five cognitive measures, controlling for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS An interaction of duration of T2D with HbA1c was associated with executive functioning (p = 0.006), semantic categorization (p = 0.019), attention/working memory (p = 0.011), and overall cognition (p = 0.006), such that the associations between duration of T2D and cognitive impairment increased as HbA1c levels increased-but not for episodic memory (p = 0.984). CONCLUSIONS Because duration of T2D was associated with cognition in higher HbA1c levels and overall no associations were found in lower HbA1c levels, our results suggest that individuals with T2D may limit their risk of future cognitive decline by maintaining long-term good glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | | | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Derek Leroith
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Keren Koifman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Rachel Preiss
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Hoffman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang EJ, Kim KW, Lim JY, Paik NJ. Relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment in a community-based elderly cohort: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:40-6. [PMID: 25180377 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults residing in an independent-living facility in Korea. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING Seongnam, Korea. PARTICIPANTS Korean men and women aged 65 and older living in a typical South Korean city (n = 415) were enrolled in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. MEASUREMENTS Dysphagia was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, digit span test, and lexical fluency test. MCI was diagnosed using operational diagnostic criteria and further classified into amnestic and nonamnestic MCI. RESULTS Men with nonanmestic MCI had a greater likelihood of having dysphagia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-12.72) than men without MCI. Men with nonanmestic MCI were almost six times as likely to have dysphagia (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.15-29.27) as men with no neurological disorder after adjusting for age, education level, current smoking and drinking, diabetes mellitus, and apolipoprotein E-4 carrier status. CONCLUSION Men with nonamnestic MCI were more likely to have dysphagia than were their counterparts without MCI, whereas this difference was not found in men with amnestic MCI and women. Assessment of executive functions that interfere with planning of motor activities may be useful in predicting dysphagia and in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for older men.
Collapse
|
27
|
Watts AS, Loskutova N, Burns JM, Johnson DK. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline in early Alzheimer's disease and healthy older adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 35:253-65. [PMID: 23388170 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors (i.e., abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose and insulin dysregulation) that is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia. Recent studies addressing the association of MetS with cognitive performance and risk for dementia report mixed results. An important step in clarifying these conflicting results is determining whether cognition is influenced by the effects of individual MetS components versus the additive effects of multiple components. We assessed the effect of MetS on cognitive performance and decline over two years in 75 cases of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 73 healthy older adult controls in the Brain Aging Project. Using factor analytic techniques, we compared the effect of a combined MetS factor to the effect of individual MetS components on change in attention, verbal memory, and mental status. In healthy controls, a combined MetS factor did not significantly predict cognitive performance, though higher insulin predicted poorer cognitive performance outcomes. In the AD group, higher scores on a combined MetS factor predicted better cognitive outcomes. Our findings suggest that MetS does not have the same association with cognitive decline in healthy older adults and those with early AD. We suggest that individual MetS components should not be evaluated in isolation and that careful methodological approaches are needed to understand the timing and non-linear relationships among these components over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber S Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Gerontology Center, Lifespan Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined correlates of cognitive functioning and possible cognitive impairment among older adults living in Da Nang, Vietnam and surrounding rural areas. METHODS The analytic sample consisted of 489 adults, 55 and older stratified by gender, age, and residence in a rural or urban area. The sample was 46% rural, 44% women, with a mean age of 69.04. Interviews were conducted in individuals' homes by trained interviewers. The dependent variable was a Vietnamese version of the mini mental status examination (MMSE). A multiple linear regression was run with the MMSE continuous scores reflecting cognitive functioning, while a binary logistic regression was conducted with an education-adjusted cut-off score reflecting possible cognitive impairment. Age, gender, education, material hardship, depressive symptoms Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale, war injury, head trauma, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease conditions served as correlates, controlling for marital status and rural/urban residence. RESULTS About 33% of the sample scored below the standard cutoff of 23 on the MMSE. However, only 12.9% of the sample would be considered impaired using the education-adjusted cut-off score. Cognitive functioning and possible cognitive impairment as indicated by MMSE scores were significantly associated with being older, completing fewer years of education, and material hardship. Gender, depressive symptoms, and cerebrovascular disease were associated with cognitive functioning, but not cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION These results show that social characteristics, physical illness, and mental health are associated with cognitive functioning. The study also raises questions about the need for standardization of screening measures on Vietnamese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leggett
- a Human Development and Family Studies, State College , The Pennsylvania State University , PA , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Szémán B, Nagy G, Varga T, Veres-Székely A, Sasvári M, Fitala D, Szollosi A, Katonai R, Kotyuk E, Somogyi A. [Changes in cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:323-9. [PMID: 22348847 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are approximately 1.5 times more likely to experience cognitive decline than individuals without diabetes mellitus. Most of the data suggest that patients with diabetes have reduced performance in numerous domains of cognitive function. In patients with type 1 diabetes, specific and global deficits involving speed of psychomotor efficiency, information processing, mental flexibility, attention, and visual perception seem to be present, while in patients with type 2 diabetes an increase in memory deficits, a reduction in psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe (executive) functions have been found. The complex pathophysiology of changes in the central nervous system in diabetes has not yet been fully elucidated. It is important to consider the patient's age at the onset of diabetes, the glycemic control status, and the presence of diabetic complications. Neurological consequences of diabetes appear parallel to those observed in the aging brain. Neuroimaging studies highlight several structural cerebral changes, cortical and subcortical atrophy, beside increased leukoaraiosis that occurs in association with diabetes. There is supporting evidence from many hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of cognitive decline associated with diabetes. The main hypotheses pointing to the potential, implied mechanisms involve hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, microvascular disease, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and amyloid-β deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szémán
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi u.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mirowsky J. Cognitive decline and the default American lifestyle. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66 Suppl 1:i50-8. [PMID: 21743052 PMCID: PMC3132766 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Upward trends in IQ, education, and mental work suggest that cognitive function among seniors should be rising strongly across cohorts. There is little sign of such improvement in recent decades, and some analyses find poorer function in the newer cohorts. This essay explores possible explanations of the anomaly. METHODS Major long-term trends that might increase cognitive impairment are reviewed, and their implications are considered. RESULTS Physical activity is declining, food is increasingly manufactured, body fat is increasing, diabetes and metabolic syndrome are on the rise, the number of prescription drugs per person is increasing, and the proportion of the population either old or obese is growing. DISCUSSION Technological and economic development may lower the cognitive function needed for survival. They also lower physical activity in daily life. Sedentary work, transportation, and leisure undermine the aerobic and metabolic fitness required for the brain to perform well. Some prescription drugs impair cognitive function, and others do so when taken for many years or in combination with others. The growing fraction of the population that is either old or obese may further lower physical activity norms and requirements and substitute medical intervention for health, accelerating a trend toward cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Mirowsky
- Department of Sociology, Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Min JA, Lee HR, Kim JI, Ju A, Kim DJ, Kaang BK. Impairment of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of alcohol-treated OLETF rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 500:52-6. [PMID: 21683761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and chronic heavy alcohol consumption each have been known to be associated with the impairment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. Although both conditions often coexist clinically and there is accumulated evidence of a relationship between the two, the combined effect on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) has not yet been investigated. We compared the effect of type 2 diabetes itself with that of type 2 diabetes with chronic heavy alcohol consumption on the hippocampal LTP using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model, which resembles the characteristics of human type 2 diabetes. Ten of 16-week-old male OLETF rats were randomized into two treatment groups according to weight: the OLETF-Alcohol (O-A, n=5) and the OLETF-Control (O-C, n=5). The rats in the O-A group were fed Lieber-DeCarli Regular EtOH over a 10-week period and the amount of alcohol consumption was 8.42±2.52g/kg/day. To ensure the effect of poor glycemic control on LTP, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed after a 10-week treatment. The hippocampal LTP was measured by extracellular field excitatory post-synaptic potentials at Shaffer collateral (SC) synapses in the CA1 region. Although the O-A group showed significantly lower fasting and postprandial glucose (P<0.01 and P=0.02, respectively), the hippocampal LTP was more significantly attenuated in the O-A group than the O-C group (P=0.032). The results of this study suggested that chronic heavy alcohol consumption could potentiate the impairment of hippocampal LTP in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or early type 2 diabetes, even though it did not aggravate, but did improve glycemic control. Clinical attention to chronic heavy drinking will be required in preventing cognitive impairment in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Kimm H, Lee P, Shin Y, Park K, Jo J, Lee Y, Kang H, Jee S. Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 52:e117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
McFall GP, Geall BP, Fischer AL, Dolcos S, Dixon RA. Testing covariates of Type 2 diabetes-cognition associations in older adults: moderating or mediating effects? Neuropsychology 2010; 24:547-562. [PMID: 20804243 PMCID: PMC2933082 DOI: 10.1037/a0019246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The general goal of this study was to advance our understanding of Type 2 diabetes (T2D)-cognition relationships in older adults by linking and testing comprehensive sets of potential moderators, potential mediators, and multiple cognitive outcomes. METHOD We identified in the literature 13 health-related (but T2D-distal) potential covariates, representing four informal domains (i.e., biological vitality, personal affect, subjective health, lifestyle activities). Cross-sectional data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (age range = 53-90 years; n = 41 T2D and n = 458 control participants) were used. We first examined whether any of the 13 potential covariates influenced T2D-cognition associations, as measured by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (15 measures). Next, using standard regression-based moderator and mediator analyses, we systematically tested whether the identified covariates would significantly alter observed T2D-cognition relationships. RESULTS Six potential covariates were found to be sensitive to T2D associations with performance on seven cognitive measures. Three factors (systolic blood pressure, gait-balance composite, subjective health) were significant mediators. Each mediated multiple cognitive outcomes, especially measures of neurocognitive speed, executive functioning, and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer a relatively comprehensive perspective of T2D-related cognitive deficits, comorbidities, and modulating influences. The implications for future research reach across several fields of study and application. These include (1) neuropsychological research on neural and biological bases of T2D-related cognitive decline, (2) clinical research on intervention and treatment strategies, and (3) larger-scale longitudinal studies examining the potential multilateral and dynamic relationships among T2D status, related comorbidities, and cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bonnie P. Geall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Sanda Dolcos
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nooyens ACJ, Baan CA, Spijkerman AMW, Verschuren WMM. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline in middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:1964-9. [PMID: 20519662 PMCID: PMC2928345 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes is associated with greater decline in cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Dutch prospective Doetinchem Cohort Study, cognitive functioning was measured twice within a 5-year time interval in 2,613 men and women. Participants were aged 43-70 years at baseline (1995-2002), and no one had a history of stroke. Change in scores on global cognitive function as well as on specific cognitive function domains (memory, speed of cognitive processes, and cognitive flexibility) were compared for respondents with and without type 2 diabetes (verified by the general practitioner or random plasma glucose levels >or=11.1 mmol/l). RESULTS At the 5-year follow-up, the decline in global cognitive function in diabetic patients was 2.6 times greater than that in individuals without diabetes. For individuals aged >or=60 years, patients with incident and prevalent diabetes showed a 2.5 and 3.6 times greater decline, respectively, in cognitive flexibility than individuals without diabetes. For most cognitive domains, the magnitude of cognitive decline in patients with incident diabetes was intermediate between that of individuals without diabetes and that of patients with diabetes at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes showed a greater decline in cognitive function than middle-aged individuals without diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid C J Nooyens
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uranga RM, Bruce-Keller AJ, Morrison CD, Fernandez-Kim SO, Ebenezer PJ, Zhang L, Dasuri K, Keller JN. Intersection between metabolic dysfunction, high fat diet consumption, and brain aging. J Neurochem 2010; 114:344-61. [PMID: 20477933 PMCID: PMC2910139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious neurochemical, structural, and behavioral alterations are a seemingly unavoidable aspect of brain aging. However, the basis for these alterations, as well as the basis for the tremendous variability in regards to the degree to which these aspects are altered in aging individuals, remains to be elucidated. An increasing number of individuals regularly consume a diet high in fat, with high-fat diet consumption known to be sufficient to promote metabolic dysfunction, although the links between high-fat diet consumption and aging are only now beginning to be elucidated. In this review we discuss the potential role for age-related metabolic disturbances serving as an important basis for deleterious perturbations in the aging brain. These data not only have important implications for understanding the basis of brain aging, but also may be important to the development of therapeutic interventions which promote successful brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina M. Uranga
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Philip J. Ebenezer
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wysokiński A, Zboralski K, Orzechowska A, Gałecki P, Florkowski A, Talarowska M. Normalization of the Verbal Fluency Test on the basis of results for healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia, patients with organic lesions of the chronic nervous system and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:438-46. [PMID: 22371783 PMCID: PMC3282524 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Verbal fluency is the ability to form and express words compatible with required criteria. Verbal fluency is necessary for optimal communication and for normal social and occupational functioning. The Verbal Fluency Test is a good indicator of frontal lobe dysfunction, particularly of the left frontal cortex. MATERIAL AND METHODS The aim of the study was to compare verbal fluency in healthy subjects (n = 50), patients with paranoid schizophrenia (n = 36), patients with organic lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) (n = 33), and patients with diabetes (n = 62) - type 1 diabetes (n = 31) and type 2 diabetes (n = 31). RESULTS Healthy subjects and patients with diabetes achieved the highest results in all categories of the Verbal Fluency Test. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia achieved significantly lower results. Sten norms of the Verbal Fluency Test were developed for the general population. Using these norms it was found that subjects with schizophrenia or with organic lesions of the CNS had very poor results more often and very high results less frequently compared to healthy subjects and also to patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This observation is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, in which cognitive functions of the frontal lobe (e.g. verbal fluency) play a major role in the psychopathological picture. We have also demonstrated that in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes verbal fluency is comparable with healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wysokiński
- Corresponding author: Adam Wysokiński, MD, Clinic Of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Unit XIB, J. Babiński Hospital Aleksandrowska, 159 91-229, Lodz, Poland, Phone: +48 42 652-12-89, Fax: +48 42 640-50-52. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schuur M, Henneman P, van Swieten JC, Zillikens MC, de Koning I, Janssens ACJW, Witteman JCM, Aulchenko YS, Frants RR, Oostra BA, van Dijk KW, van Duijn CM. Insulin-resistance and metabolic syndrome are related to executive function in women in a large family-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:561-8. [PMID: 20585974 PMCID: PMC2921069 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While type 2 diabetes is well-known to be associated with poorer cognitive performance, few studies have reported on the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributing factors, such as insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR), low adiponectin-, and high C-reactive protein (CRP)- levels. We studied whether these factors are related to cognitive function and which of the MetS components are independently associated. The study was embedded in an ongoing family-based cohort study in a Dutch population. All participants underwent physical examinations, biomedical measurements, and neuropsychological testing. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between MetS, HOMA-IR, adiponectin levels, CRP, and cognitive test scores. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 1,898 subjects (mean age 48 years, 43% men). People with MetS had significantly higher HOMA-IR scores, lower adiponectin levels, and higher CRP levels. MetS and high HOMA-IR were associated with poorer executive function in women (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009). MetS and HOMA-IR are associated with poorer executive function in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schuur
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit Ee2173, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Diabetes is not only an independent risk factor for lacunar infarction, especially in patients with multiple lacunar infarcts, but the presence of diabetes is also associated with worse functional recovery in these patients.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which can lead to numerous complications. One of these disturbances is cognitive function impairment. A group of 62 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There is a correlation between certain clinical features among diabetic patients and cognitive functions. Negative influence on cognitive functions have a higher level of total cholesterol, a higher level of LDL cholesterol, a lower level of HDL cholesterol concentration in the blood, a higher level of glucose after meals, a higher level of basic insulin dose and insulin dose taken just before the examination, longer duration of the diabetes and a lot of hypoglycemic episodes. There is no influence on cognitive functions from glucose levels before meals, the type of the insulin therapy, or the number of hyperglycemic episodes and value rate of hemoglobin HbA1C.
Collapse
|
41
|
Trajectories of cognitive decline and functional status in the frail older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 48:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Wrighten SA, Piroli GG, Grillo CA, Reagan LP. A look inside the diabetic brain: Contributors to diabetes-induced brain aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1792:444-53. [PMID: 19022375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) complications resulting from diabetes is a problem that is gaining more acceptance and attention. Recent evidence suggests morphological, electrophysiological and cognitive changes, often observed in the hippocampus, in diabetic individuals. Many of the CNS changes observed in diabetic patients and animal models of diabetes are reminiscent of the changes seen in normal aging. The central commonalities between diabetes-induced and age-related CNS changes have led to the theory of advanced brain aging in diabetic patients. This review summarizes the findings of the literature as they relate to the relationship between diabetes and dementia and discusses some of the potential contributors to diabetes-induced CNS impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayna A Wrighten
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang L, Bruce-Keller AJ, Dasuri K, Nguyen AT, Liu Y, Keller JN. Diet-induced metabolic disturbances as modulators of brain homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1792:417-22. [PMID: 18926905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metabolic disturbances occur in response to the consumption of a high fat western diet. Such metabolic disturbances can include the progressive development of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Cumulatively, diet-induced disturbances in metabolism are known to promote increased morbidity and negatively impact life expectancy through a variety of mechanisms. While the impact of metabolic disturbances on the hepatic, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems is well established there remains a noticeable void in understanding the basis by which the central nervous system (CNS) becomes altered in response to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. In particular, it remains to be fully elucidated which established features of diet-induced pathogenesis (observed in non-CNS tissues) are recapitulated in the brain, and identification as to whether the observed changes in the brain are a direct or indirect effect of peripheral metabolic disturbances. This review will focus on each of these key issues and identify some critical experimental questions which remain to be elucidated experimentally, as well as provide an outline of our current understanding for how diet-induced alterations in metabolism may impact the brain during aging and age-related diseases of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lemon JA, Rollo CD, McFarlane NM, Boreham DR. Radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphocytes is modified by a complex dietary supplement: the effect of genotype and gender. Mutagenesis 2008; 23:465-72. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
45
|
Gatto NM, Henderson VW, St John JA, McCleary C, Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults without diabetes. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2008; 15:627-41. [PMID: 18608045 DOI: 10.1080/13825580802036936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have addressed whether the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components are associated with cognitive function in middle-aged and older populations, as well as whether specific areas of cognition are more affected than others. We examined the cross-sectional association between MetS and six areas of cognitive function in healthy cognitively intact adults without diabetes (n = 853, mean age 61 years) randomized in two intervention trials. METHODS The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria were used to identify subjects with MetS. Cognitive function was assessed with a neuropsychological battery. A principal components analysis was used to extract five uncorrelated factors interpreted to represent five areas of cognition, and a measure of global cognition was calculated. RESULTS MetS was weakly but non-significantly associated with lower verbal learning (beta = -.14 [SE(beta) = 0.09], p = .15). As the number of MetS criteria increased, scores on global cognition (p trend = .01), verbal learning (p trend = .06) and semantic memory (p trend = .04) decreased. Hypertension was the only MetS risk factor that was independently correlated with lower verbal learning (beta = -.17 [SE(beta) = 0.08], p = .04), semantic memory (beta = -.26 [SE(beta) = 0.08], p = .001) and global cognition (beta = -.15 [SE(beta) = 0.07], p = .04). CONCLUSION This study adds to the evidence of an association between MetS and lower cognitive function among healthy middle-aged and older adults without CVD and diabetes, as well as confirms the correlation between hypertension and lower cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gatto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Dementia is one of the most important neurological disorders in the elderly. Aging is associated with a large increase in the prevalence and incidence of degenerative (Alzheimer's disease) and vascular dementia, leading to a devastating loss of autonomy. In view of the increasing longevity of populations worldwide, prevention of dementia has turned into a major public health challenge. In the past decade, several vascular risk factors have been found to be associated with vascular dementia but also Alzheimer's disease. Some longitudinal studies, have found significant associations between hypertension, diabetus mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, assessed at middle age, and dementia. Studies assessing the link between hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and dementia have given more conflicting results. Furthermore, some studies have highlighted the possible protective effect of antihypertensive therapy on cognition and some trials are evaluating the effects of statins and treatments for insulin resistance. Vascular risk factors and their treatments are a promising avenue of research for prevention of dementia, and further long-term, placebo-controlled, randomized studies, need to be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Duron
- Broca Hospital, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jarvik L, LaRue A, Blacker D, Gatz M, Kawas C, McArdle JJ, Morris JC, Mortimer JA, Ringman JM, Ercoli L, Freimer N, Gokhman I, Manly JJ, Plassman BL, Rasgon N, Roberts JS, Sunderland T, Swan GE, Wolf PA, Zonderman AB. Children of persons with Alzheimer disease: what does the future hold? Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2008; 22:6-20. [PMID: 18317242 PMCID: PMC3377487 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0b013e31816653ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Children of persons with Alzheimer disease (AD), as a group, face an increased risk of developing AD. Many of them, throughout their adult lives, seek input on how to reduce their chances of one day suffering their parent's fate. We examine the state of knowledge with respect to risk and protective factors for AD and recommend a research agenda with special emphasis on AD offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lissy Jarvik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gold SM, Dziobek I, Sweat V, Tirsi A, Rogers K, Bruehl H, Tsui W, Richardson S, Javier E, Convit A. Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007; 50:711-9. [PMID: 17334649 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment. Most studies investigating this association have evaluated elderly individuals, after many years of diabetes, who generally have poor glycaemic control and significant vascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the early cognitive consequences and associated brain correlates of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS With regard to cognition and brain measures, we compared 23 age-, sex- and education-matched control subjects with 23 mostly middle-aged individuals with relatively well-controlled diabetes of less than 10 years from the time of diagnosis. RESULTS We found deficits in hippocampal-based memory performance and preservation of other cognitive domains. Relative to control subjects, individuals with diabetes had reductions in brain volumes that were restricted to the hippocampus. There was an inverse relationship between glycaemic control and hippocampal volume; in multivariate regression analysis, HbA(1c) was the only significant predictor of hippocampal volume, accounting for 33% of the observed variance. Other variables commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, such as elevated BMI, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, did not independently contribute to the variance in hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the medial temporal lobe may be the first brain site affected by type 2 diabetes and that individuals in poorer metabolic control may be affected to a greater extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, HN-400, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Roriz-Cruz M, Rosset I, Wada T, Sakagami T, Ishine M, De Sá Roriz-Filho J, Cruz TRS, Hosseinkhani M, Rodrigues RP, Sudoh S, Arai H, Wakatsuki Y, Souza AC, Nakagawa M, Kita T, Matsubayashi K. Cognitive impairment and frontal-subcortical geriatric syndrome are associated with metabolic syndrome in a stroke-free population. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 28:1723-36. [PMID: 16962212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (Met.S) consists of a conglomeration of obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dislipidemia. Frontal-subcortical geriatric syndrome (FSCS) is caused by ischemic disruption of the frontal-subcortical network. It is unknown if Met.S is associated with FSCS. METHODS We evaluated 422 community-dwelling elderly (> or =60) in Brazil. FSCS was defined as the presence of at least one frontal release sign (grasping, palmomental, snout, or glabellar) plus coexistence of > or =3 the following criteria: (1) cognitive impairment, (2) late-onset depression, (3) neuromotor dysfunction, and (4) urgency incontinence. All values were adjusted to age and gender. RESULTS Met.S was present in 39.3% of all subjects. Cases without any of the FSCS components represented 37.2% ('successful neuroaging' group). People with 1-3 of the FSCS components ('borderline pathological neuroaging' group) were majority (52.6%), whereas those with 4-5 of these components (FSCS group) were minority (10.2%). Met.S was significantly associated with FSCS (OR=5.9; CI: 1.5-23.4) and cognitive impairment (OR=2.2; CI: 1.1-4.6) among stroke-free subjects. Number of Met.S components explained 30.7% of the variance on the number of FSCS criteria (P<0.001). If Met.S were theoretically removed from this population, prevalence of FSCS would decline by 31.6% and that of cognitive impairment by 21.4%. CONCLUSIONS Met.S was significantly associated with a 5.9 and 2.2 times higher chance of FSCS and cognitive impairment, respectively. Met.S might be a major determinant of 'successful' or 'pathological' neuroaging in western societies.
Collapse
|