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Régy M, Dugravot A, Sabia S, Helmer C, Tzourio C, Hanseeuw B, Singh-Manoux A, Dumurgier J. The role of dementia in the association between APOE4 and all-cause mortality: pooled analyses of two population-based cohort studies. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e422-e430. [PMID: 38824957 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) plays a role in neurodegeneration and in cardiovascular disease, but findings on its association with mortality are inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between APOE4 and mortality, and the role of dementia in this association. METHODS In this pooled analysis, data on White participants aged 45-90 years who underwent APOE genotyping were drawn from two population-based cohorts: the Whitehall II study (UK), which began in 1985 and is ongoing, and the Three-City study (France), initiated in 1999 and ended in 2012. In the Three-City study, vital status was ascertained through linkage to the national registry of death Institut National de la Statistique des Études économiques, and dementia was ascertained via a neuropsychological evaluation and validation of diagnoses by an independent committee of neurologists and geriatricians. In the Whitehall II study, vital status was ascertained through linkage to the UK national mortality register, and dementia cases were ascertained by linkage to three national registers. Participants with prevalent dementia at baseline and participants missing an APOE genotype were excluded from analyses. Cox regression proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of APOE4 with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. The role of dementia in the association between APOE4 status and mortality was examined by excluding participants who developed dementia during follow-up from the analyses. An illness-death model was then used to examine the role of incident dementia in these associations. FINDINGS 14 091 participants (8492 from the Three-City study and 5599 from the Whitehall II study; 6668 [47%] of participants were women and 7423 [53%] were men), with a median follow-up of 15·4 years (IQR 10·6-21·2), were included in the analyses. Of these participants, APOE4 carriers (3264 [23%] of the cohort carried at least one ε4 allele) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with non-carriers, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1·16 (95% CI 1·07-1·26) for heterozygotes and 1·59 (1·24-2·06) for homozygotes. Compared with APOE3 homozygotes, higher cardiovascular mortality was observed in APOE4 carriers, with a HR of 1·23 (1·01-1·50) for heterozygotes, and no association was found between APOE4 and cancer mortality. Excluding cases of incident dementia over the follow-up resulted in attenuated associations with mortality in homozygotes but not in heterozygotes. The illness-death model indicated that the higher mortality risk in APOE4 carriers was not solely attributable to dementia. INTERPRETATION We found a robust association between APOE4 and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but not cancer mortality. Dementia explained a significant proportion of the association with all-cause mortality for APOE4 homozygotes, while non-dementia factors, such as cardiovascular disease mortality, are likely to play a role in shaping mortality outcomes in APOE4 heterozygotes. FUNDING National Institutes of Health. TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Régy
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Aline Dugravot
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France; Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France; Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
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Kim H, Devanand DP, Carlson S, Goldberg TE. Apolipoprotein E Genotype e2: Neuroprotection and Its Limits. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919712. [PMID: 35912085 PMCID: PMC9329577 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively, qualitatively, and critically synthesized several features of APOE-e2, a known APOE protective variant, including its associations with longevity, cognition, and neuroimaging, and neuropathology, all in humans. If e2’s protective effects—and their limits—could be elucidated, it could offer therapeutic windows for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention or amelioration. Literature examining e2 within the years 1994–2021 were considered for this review. Studies on human subjects were selectively reviewed and were excluded if observation of e2 was not specified. Effects of e2 were compared with e3 and e4, separately and as a combined non-e2 group. Our examination of existing literature indicated that the most robust protective role of e2 is in longevity and AD neuropathologies, but e2’s effect on cognition and other AD imaging markers (brain structure, function, and metabolism) were inconsistent, thus inconclusive. Notably, e2 was associated with greater risk of non-AD proteinopathies and a disadvantageous cerebrovascular profile. We identified multiple methodological shortcomings of the literature on brain function and cognition that could have contributed to inconsistent and potentially misleading findings. We make careful interpretations of existing findings and provide directions for research strategies that could effectively examine the independent and unbiased effect of e2 on AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Carlson
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Terry E. Goldberg,
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Reducing PDK1/Akt Activity: An Effective Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111735. [PMID: 35681431 PMCID: PMC9179555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease that leads to memory loss and cognitive function damage due to intracerebral neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein deposition. The phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK1)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway plays a significant role in neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and neurotransmission via the axon–dendrite axis. The phosphorylation of PDK1 and Akt rises in the brain, resulting in phosphorylation of the TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) at its cytoplasmic tail (the C-terminal end), changing its internalization as well as its trafficking. The current review aimed to explain the mechanisms of the PDK1/Akt/TACE signaling axis that exerts its modulatory effect on AD physiopathology. We provide an overview of the neuropathological features, genetics, Aβ aggregation, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and aging in the AD brain. Additionally, we summarized the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PDK1/Akt pathway-related features and its molecular mechanism that is dependent on TACE in the pathogenesis of AD. This study reviewed the relationship between the PDK1/Akt signaling pathway and AD, and discussed the role of PDK1/Akt in resisting neuronal toxicity by suppressing TACE expression in the cell membrane. This work also provides a perspective for developing new therapeutics targeting PDK1/Akt and TACE for the treatment of AD.
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Associations between race, APOE genotype, cognition, and mortality among urban middle-aged white and African American adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19849. [PMID: 34615909 PMCID: PMC8494809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between cognition and mortality and how these relationships vary by race and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, in a longitudinal study of 2346 middle-aged White and African American adults (30–64 years at baseline) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span cohort study. Baseline cognition spanned global mental status, and several domains obtained using principal components analysis (PCA; PCA1: verbal memory/fluency; PCA2: attention/working memory; PCA3: executive function/visuo-spatial abilities). Cox regression models evaluated associations between cognition and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-mortality. Interactions between cognition and APOE2 as well as APOE4 allelic dose were tested, and race was a key effect modifier. Higher APOE4 dose was associated with increased CVD-mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per allele = 1.37; 95% CI 1.01–1.86, p = 0.041); APOE2 dosage’s association with CVD-mortality was non-significant (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.35–1.03, p = 0.065). Higher PCA3 was associated with lower all-cause (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.87–0.99, p = 0.030) and CVD (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.95, p = 0.001) mortality risks, the latter association being more pronounced among Whites. PCA2 interacted synergistically with APOE2 dosage, reducing risks for all-cause mortality (PCA2 × APOE2: − 0.33 ± 0.13, p = 0.010) and CVD mortality (PCA2 × APOE2: − 0.73 ± 0.31, p = 0.019). In conclusion, greater executive function/visuo-spatial abilities were associated with reduced CVD-specific mortality, particularly among Whites. Greater “attention/working memory” coupled with higher APOE2 dosage was linked with reduced all-cause and CVD mortality risks.
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Rasmussen KL, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, APOE genotype, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 105 949 individuals from a white general population cohort. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:2813-2824. [PMID: 31236578 PMCID: PMC6735871 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine whether plasma apoE levels and APOE genotype are associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods and results Using a prospective cohort design with 105 949 white individuals from the general population, we tested the association between plasma apoE at study enrolment and death during follow-up, and whether this was independent of APOE genotype. We confirmed the well-known association between APOE genotypes and mortality. For all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, high levels of apoE were associated with increased risk, while for dementia-associated mortality low levels were associated with increased risk. For the highest vs. the fifth septile of plasma apoE, hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.28) for all-cause mortality, 1.28 (1.13–1.44) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.18 (1.05–1.32) for cancer mortality. Conversely, for the lowest vs. the fifth septile the HR was 1.44 (1.01–2.05) for dementia-associated mortality. Results were similar in analyses restricted to APOE ɛ33 carriers. Examining genetically determined plasma apoE, a 1 mg/dL increase conferred risk ratios of 0.97 (0.92–1.03) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.01 (0.95–1.06) for cancer mortality, while a 1 mg/dL decrease conferred a risk ratio of 1.70 (1.36–2.12) for dementia-associated mortality. Conclusion High plasma levels of apoE were associated with increased all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, however of a non-causal nature, while low levels were causally associated with increased dementia-associated mortality. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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McFall GP, Bäckman L, Dixon RA. Nuances in Alzheimer's Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:302-315. [PMID: 30873923 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190315094452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health). METHODS Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes. RESULTS Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females. CONCLUSION Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Roger A Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Choi CK, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Nam HS, Park KS, Ryu SY, Choi SW, Kim HY, Shin MH. The Association between the Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and All-cause Mortality in the Korean Population. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e269. [PMID: 31625294 PMCID: PMC6801224 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Although the effects of the gene differ by ethnic group, few studies have examined Asians. Therefore, the association between APOE polymorphism and mortality in Koreans was evaluated in this study. METHODS This study population included participants from the Dong-gu and Namwon Studies. APOE genotypes were categorized as E2 (E2/E2 and E2/E3), E3 (E3/E3), and E4 (E3/E4 and E4/E4). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed using the E3 allele as a reference. RESULTS In the model adjusting for study site, age, gender, and lifestyle, the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for those with the E4 allele was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.20), while that for those with the E2 allele was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74-0.96). After adjusting for blood lipids to evaluate their mediating effects, the HRs of mortality for those with E4 and E2 alleles were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97-1.20) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92), respectively. These associations were more evident in younger groups, with HRs of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.52-0.92) for the E2 allele and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03-1.53) for the E4 allele. CONCLUSION In two large population-based cohort studies, the E2 allele was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with the E3 allele, whereas the E4 genotype was not associated with mortality in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sun Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hae Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Park
- Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Mokpo Jung-Ang Hospital, Mokpo, Korea
| | - So Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
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8
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Wolters FJ, Yang Q, Biggs ML, Jakobsdottir J, Li S, Evans DS, Bis JC, Harris TB, Vasan RS, Zilhao NR, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA, Launer L, Psaty BM, Tranah GJ, Kulminski AM, Gudnason V, Seshadri S. The impact of APOE genotype on survival: Results of 38,537 participants from six population-based cohorts (E2-CHARGE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219668. [PMID: 31356640 PMCID: PMC6663005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E is a glycoprotein best known as a mediator and regulator of lipid transport and uptake. The APOE-ε4 allele has long been associated with increased risks of Alzheimer's disease and mortality, but the effect of the less prevalent APOE-ε2 allele on diseases in the elderly and survival remains elusive. METHODS We aggregated data of 38,537 individuals of European ancestry (mean age 65.5 years; 55.6% women) from six population-based cohort studies (Rotterdam Study, AGES-Reykjavik Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Health-ABC Study, and the family-based Framingham Heart Study and Long Life Family Study) to determine the association of APOE, and in particular APOE-ε2, with survival in the population. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.7 years, 17,021 individuals died. Compared with homozygous APOE-ε3 carriers, APOE-ε2 carriers were at lower risk of death (hazard ratio,95% confidence interval: 0.94,0.90-0.99; P = 1.1*10-2), whereas APOE-ε4 carriers were at increased risk of death (HR 1.17,1.12-1.21; P = 2.8*10-16). APOE was associated with mortality risk in a dose-dependent manner, with risk estimates lowest for homozygous APOE-ε2 (HR 0.89,0.74-1.08), and highest for homozygous APOE-ε4 (HR 1.52,1.37-1.70). After censoring for dementia, effect estimates remained similar for APOE-ε2 (HR 0.95,0.90-1.01), but attenuated for APOE-ε4 (HR 1.07,1.01-1.12). Results were broadly similar across cohorts, and did not differ by age or sex. APOE genotype was associated with baseline lipid fractions (e.g. mean difference(95%CI) in LDL(mg/dL) for ε2 versus ε33: -17.1(-18.1-16.0), and ε4 versus ε33: +5.7(4.8;6.5)), but the association between APOE and mortality was unaltered after adjustment for baseline LDL or cardiovascular disease. Given the European ancestry of the study population, results may not apply to other ethnicities. CONCLUSION Compared with APOE-ε3, APOE-ε2 is associated with prolonged survival, whereas mortality risk is increased for APOE-ε4 carriers. Further collaborative efforts are needed to unravel the role of APOE and in particular APOE-ε2 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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9
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Mengel-From J, Rønne ME, Carlsen AL, Skogstrand K, Larsen LA, Tan Q, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Heegaard NHH. Circulating, Cell-Free Micro-RNA Profiles Reflect Discordant Development of Dementia in Monozygotic Twins. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:591-601. [PMID: 29660943 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to examine if circulating micro-RNA and cytokine levels associate with dementia diagnosis and cognitive scores. To test our hypothesis, we use plasma donated from 48 monozygotic twin pairs in 1997 and 46 micro-RNAs and 10 cytokines were quantified using microfluidic RT-qPCR and multiplex solid-phase immunoassays, respectively. Micro-RNA and cytokine profiling were examined for associations with dementia diagnoses in a longitudinal registry study or with cognitive scores at baseline. Thirty-six micro-RNAs and all cytokines were detected consistently. Micro-RNA profiles associate with diagnoses and cognitive scores at statistically significant levels while cytokine only showed trends pointing at chronic inflammation in twins having or developing dementia. The most notable findings were decreased miR-106a and miR-210, and increased miR-106b expression in twins with a dementia diagnosis. This pioneering evaluation of micro-RNA and cytokine and dementia diagnosis suggests micro-RNA targets in vasculogenesis, lipoprotein transport, and amyloid precursor protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette E Rønne
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anting L Carlsen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth A Larsen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels H H Heegaard
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Sebastiani P, Gurinovich A, Nygaard M, Sasaki T, Sweigart B, Bae H, Andersen SL, Villa F, Atzmon G, Christensen K, Arai Y, Barzilai N, Puca A, Christiansen L, Hirose N, Perls TT. APOE Alleles and Extreme Human Longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:44-51. [PMID: 30060062 PMCID: PMC6298189 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assembled a collection of 28,297 participants from seven studies of longevity and healthy aging comprising New England Centenarian, Long Life Family, Longevity Gene Population, Southern Italian Centenarian, Japanese Centenarian, the Danish Longevity, and the Health and Retirement Studies to investigate the association between the APOE alleles ε2ε3 and ε4 and extreme human longevity and age at death. By using three different genetic models and two definitions of extreme longevity based on either a threshold model or age at death, we show that ε4 is associated with a substantially decreased odds for extreme longevity, and increased risk for death that persists even beyond ages reached by less than 1% of the population. We also show that carrying the ε2ε2 or ε2ε3 genotype is associated with significantly increased odds to reach extreme longevity, with decreased risk for death compared with carrying the genotype ε3ε3 but with only a modest reduction in risk for death beyond an age reached by less than 1% of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Villa
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annibale Puca
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Circulating microRNAs disclose biology of normal cognitive function in healthy elderly people - a discovery twin study. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1378-1387. [PMID: 29720677 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobiology is regulated by miRNA. Here circulating plasma miRNAs were assayed on a 754 miRNA OpenArray platform using 90 monozygotic elderly twins (73-95 year of age) and associated with mini mental state examination (MMSE) and a five-component cognitive score (CCS) in an explorative study. Both ordinary individual and twin-pair analyses were performed with level of cognitive scores. Candidate miRNAs were further associated with cognitive decline over 10 years using up to six repeated assessments. A total of 278 miRNAs were expressed in plasma from at least ten participants and 23 miRNAs were nominally associated (i.e., at an uncorrected p < 0.05) with CCS or MMSE in the paired analyses. Generally, elderly individuals with poor cognitive function had increase miRNA expression compared with equivalent individuals who performed better on the cognitive scale. Three miRNAs, miR-151a-3p, miR-212-3p and miR-1274b were associated with CCS both in the paired and the individual analysis. Four miRNAs found to be associated with CCS in cross-sectional analysis were also found to show an association in longitudinal analysis such that increase miRNA expression was associated with steeper cognitive decline. We propose a shared biological path underlies dementia and normative cognitive aging.
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12
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Davy PMC, Allsopp RC, Donlon TA, Morris BJ, Willcox DC, Willcox BJ. FOXO3 and Exceptional Longevity: Insights From Hydra to Humans. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 127:193-212. [PMID: 29433738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifactorial process with significant plasticity. While several biological pathways appear to influence aging, few genes have been identified that are both evolutionarily conserved and have a strong impact on aging and age-related phenotypes. The FoxO3 gene (FOXO3), and its homologs in model organisms, appears especially important, forming a key gene in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-signaling pathway, and influencing life span across diverse species. We highlight some of the key findings that are associated with FoxO3 protein, its gene and homologs in relation to lifespan in different species, and the insights these findings might provide about the molecular, cellular, and physiological processes that modulate aging and longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M C Davy
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; Ohana Genetics, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Brian J Morris
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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13
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Rajan KB, Barnes LL, Wilson RS, McAninch EA, Weuve J, Sighoko D, Evans DA. Racial Differences in the Association Between Apolipoprotein E Risk Alleles and Overall and Total Cardiovascular Mortality Over 18 Years. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2425-2430. [PMID: 28898389 PMCID: PMC6201232 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the difference in the association between apolipoprotein (APO)E allele and overall and cardiovascular mortality between African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs). DESIGN Longitudinal, cohort study of 18 years. SETTING Biracial urban US population sample. PARTICIPANTS 4,917, 68% AA and 32% EA. MEASUREMENTS APOE genotype and mortality based on National Death Index. RESULTS A higher proportion of AAs than of EAs had an APOE ε2 allele (ε2ε2/ε2ε3/ε2ε4; 22% vs 13%) and an APOE ε4 allele (ε3ε4/ε4ε4; 33% vs 24%). After adjusting for known risk factors, the risk of mortality was 19% less with the APOE ε2 allele (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.87), and the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 35% less (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58-0.76) than with the ε3ε3 allele. The risk of mortality was 10% greater with the APOE ε4 allele (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16), and the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 20% greater (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29) than with the ε3ε3 allele. No difference in the association between APOE allele and mortality was observed between AAs and EAs. CONCLUSION The APOE ε4 allele increased the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality, whereas the APOE ε2 allele decreased the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. There was no racial difference in the association between these alleles and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar B. Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dominique Sighoko
- Breast Cancer Task Force, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Mortzfeld BM, Bosch TCG. Eco-Aging: stem cells and microbes are controlled by aging antagonist FoxO. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 38:181-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Rodríguez-Girondo M, Deelen J, Slagboom EP, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ. Survival analysis with delayed entry in selected families with application to human longevity. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:933-954. [PMID: 27177884 DOI: 10.1177/0962280216648356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of aging research, family-based sampling study designs are commonly used to study the lifespans of long-lived family members. However, the specific sampling procedure should be carefully taken into account in order to avoid biases. This work is motivated by the Leiden Longevity Study, a family-based cohort of long-lived siblings. Families were invited to participate in the study if at least two siblings were 'long-lived', where 'long-lived' meant being older than 89 years for men or older than 91 years for women. As a result, more than 400 families were included in the study and followed for around 10 years. For estimation of marker-specific survival probabilities and correlations among life times of family members, delayed entry due to outcome-dependent sampling mechanisms has to be taken into account. We consider shared frailty models to model left-truncated correlated survival data. The treatment of left truncation in shared frailty models is still an open issue and the literature on this topic is scarce. We show that the current approaches provide, in general, biased estimates and we propose a new method to tackle this selection problem by applying a correction on the likelihood estimation by means of inverse probability weighting at the family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- 2 Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- 2 Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,3 Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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McFall GP, Sapkota S, McDermott KL, Dixon RA. Risk-reducing Apolipoprotein E and Clusterin genotypes protect against the consequences of poor vascular health on executive function performance and change in nondemented older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:91-100. [PMID: 27143425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined independent and cumulative effects of 2 Alzheimer's-related genetic polymorphisms, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and Clusterin (CLU), in relation to the deleterious effects of poor vascular health (pulse pressure [PP]) on executive function (EF) performance and change in nondemented older adults. Using a sample (n = 593; age range = 53-95 years) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study, we applied latent growth modeling to test the effect of PP, as moderated by APOE and CLU, on an EF latent variable. EF was affected by higher levels of PP but differentially less so for carriers of low-risk alleles (APOE ɛ2+; CLU TT) than for moderate- or high-risk alleles (APOE ɛ2-; CLU C+). The cumulative genetic risk of APOE plus CLU provided similar moderation of PP level effects on EF. Future research may focus on how APOE and CLU might provide different but complementary contributions to predicting EF level and change. Vascular health risk in synergistic association with risk-related polymorphisms can elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive trajectories in nondemented aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shraddha Sapkota
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kirstie L McDermott
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roger A Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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17
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Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Bowman K, Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Wood AR, Freathy RM, Murray A, Weedon MN, Xue L, Lunetta K, Murabito JM, Harries LW, Robine JM, Brayne C, Kuchel GA, Ferrucci L, Frayling TM, Melzer D. Human longevity is influenced by many genetic variants: evidence from 75,000 UK Biobank participants. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:547-60. [PMID: 27015805 PMCID: PMC4833145 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Variation in human lifespan is 20 to 30% heritable in twins but few genetic variants have been identified. We undertook a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using age at death of parents of middle-aged UK Biobank participants of European decent (n=75,244 with father's and/or mother's data, excluding early deaths). Genetic risk scores for 19 phenotypes (n=777 proven variants) were also tested. In GWAS, a nicotine receptor locus(CHRNA3, previously associated with increased smoking and lung cancer) was associated with fathers' survival. Less common variants requiring further confirmation were also identified. Offspring of longer lived parents had more protective alleles for coronary artery disease, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, type-1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and Alzheimer's disease. In candidate analyses, variants in the TOMM40/APOE locus were associated with longevity, but FOXO variants were not. Associations between extreme longevity (mother >=98 years, fathers >=95 years, n=1,339) and disease alleles were similar, with an additional association with HDL cholesterol (p=5.7x10-3). These results support a multiple protective factors model influencing lifespan and longevity (top 1% survival) in humans, with prominent roles for cardiovascular-related pathways. Several of these genetically influenced risks, including blood pressure and tobacco exposure, are potentially modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Janice L. Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kirsty Bowman
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katherine S. Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus A. Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Luting Xue
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lorna W. Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Robine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1198), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes études (EPHE), 75014 Paris, France
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - George A. Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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18
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Garatachea N, Marín PJ, Santos-Lozano A, Sanchis-Gomar F, Emanuele E, Lucia A. The ApoE gene is related with exceptional longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:3-13. [PMID: 25385258 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the association of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene with exceptional longevity (EL) (i.e., reaching 100+ years) by identifying possible unequal distribution of alleles/genotypes in the common variants ε2, ε3, and ε4 among centenarians and younger population. The association of ApoE with EL was analyzed in a total of 2776 centenarians (cases) and 11,941 younger controls (from 13 case-control studies) using the chi-squared test with the Yates correction. We conducted combined and separate analyses for all ethnic groups studied in the literature (Caucasian and Asian). The main result for all ethnic groups combined was that the likelihood of reaching EL was negatively associated with ε4 allele carriage [pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36, 0.50; p<0.001] and with ε4/ε4 (OR=0.18; 95% CI 0.08, 0.39; p<0.001), ε3/ε4 (OR=0.44; 95% CI 0.37, 0.53; p<0.001) and ε2/ε4 genotypes (OR=0.48; 95% CI 0.31, 0.74; p<0.001). In contrast, the ε2/ε3 genotype was positively associated with EL (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.06, 1.72; p=0.017). When compared with the ε3 allele, the ε2 allele was not associated with increased odds of EL (OR=1.08; 95% CI 0.77, 1.50, p=0.660). The present meta-analysis confirms that, besides its previously documented influence on Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease risk, the ApoE gene is associated with the likelihood of reaching EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
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19
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McFall GP, Wiebe SA, Vergote D, Westaway D, Jhamandas J, Bäckman L, Dixon RA. ApoE and pulse pressure interactively influence level and change in the aging of episodic memory: Protective effects among ε2 carriers. Neuropsychology 2014; 29:388-401. [PMID: 25436424 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested independent and interactive effects of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and pulse pressure (PP) concurrently and longitudinally across 9 years (3 waves) of episodic (EM) and semantic memory (SM) data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study. METHOD We assembled a sample of older adults (n = 570, baseline M age = 71, age range = 53-95) and used latent growth modeling to test 4 research goals. RESULTS First, the best fitting memory model was 2 single latent variables for EM and SM, each exhibiting configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance. This model was analyzed as a parallel process model. Second, baseline level of PP predicted EM performance at centering age (75) and rate of 9-year EM change. Third, we observed no main effects of ApoE on EM or SM. Fourth, EM was affected by higher PP but differentially less so for carriers of the ApoE ε2 allele than the ε3 or ε4 alleles. CONCLUSIONS PP is confirmed as a risk factor for concurrent and changing cognitive health in aging, but the effects operate differently across risk and protective allelic distribution of the ApoE gene.
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20
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Corella D, Ordovás JM. Aging and cardiovascular diseases: the role of gene-diet interactions. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:53-73. [PMID: 25159268 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study of longevity, increasing importance is being placed on the concept of healthy aging rather than considering the total number of years lived. Although the concept of healthy lifespan needs to be defined better, we know that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main age-related diseases. Thus, controlling risk factors will contribute to reducing their incidence, leading to healthy lifespan. CVDs are complex diseases influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Numerous gene variants that are associated with a greater or lesser risk of the different types of CVD and of intermediate phenotypes (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes) have been successfully identified. However, despite the close link between aging and CVD, studies analyzing the genes related to human longevity have not obtained consistent results and there has been little coincidence in the genes identified in both fields. The APOE gene stands out as an exception, given that it has been identified as being relevant in CVD and longevity. This review analyzes the genomic and epigenomic factors that may contribute to this, ranging from identifying longevity genes in model organisms to the importance of gene-diet interactions (outstanding among which is the case of the TCF7L2 gene).
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21
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Garatachea N, Emanuele E, Calero M, Fuku N, Arai Y, Abe Y, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Yvert T, Verde Z, Zea MA, Venturini L, Santiago C, Santos-Lozano A, Rodríguez-Romo G, Ricevuti G, Hirose N, Rábano A, Lucia A. ApoE gene and exceptional longevity: Insights from three independent cohorts. Exp Gerontol 2014; 53:16-23. [PMID: 24534555 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ApoE gene is associated with the risk of Alzheimer or cardiovascular disease but its influence on exceptional longevity (EL) is uncertain. Our primary purpose was to determine, using a case-control design, if the ApoE gene is associated with EL. We compared ApoE allele/genotype frequencies among the following cohorts: cases (centenarians, most with 1+ major disease condition; n=163, 100-111years) and healthy controls (n=1039, 20-85years) from Spain; disease-free cases (centenarians; n=79, 100-104years) and healthy controls (n=597, age 27-81years) from Italy; and cases (centenarians and semi-supercentenarians, most with 1+ major disease condition; n=729, 100-116years) and healthy controls (n=498, 23-59years) from Japan. Our main findings were twofold. First, the ε4-allele was negatively associated with EL in the three cohorts, with the following odds ratio (OR) values (adjusted by sex) having been found: 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.94), P=0.030 (Spain); 0.41 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.99), P=0.05 (Italy); and 0.35 (95%CI: 0.26, 0.57), P<0.001 (Japan). Second, although no association was found in the Spanish cohort (OR=1.42 (95%CI: 0.89, 2.26), P=0.145), the ε2-allele was positively associated with EL in the Italian (OR=2.14 (95%CI: 1.18, 3.45), P=0.01) and Japanese subjects (OR=1.81 (95%CI: 1.25, 2.63), P=0.002). Notwithstanding the limitations of case-control designs, our data suggest that the ApoE might be a candidate to influence EL. The ε4-allele appears to decrease the likelihood of reaching EL among individuals of different ethnic/geographic origins. An additional, novel finding of our study was that the ε2-allele might favor EL, at least in the Italian and Japanese cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (i+12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enzo Emanuele
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel Calero
- Fundación CIEN, Fundación Reina Sofía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain; UFIEC, Fundación CIEN-Fundación Reina Sofía, and CIBERNED - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Yvert
- European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoraida Verde
- European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ascensión Zea
- Fundación CIEN, Fundación Reina Sofía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Venturini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Catalina Santiago
- European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (i+12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Fundación CIEN, Fundación Reina Sofía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Research Institute (i+12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Bendjilali N, Hsueh WC, He Q, Willcox DC, Nievergelt CM, Donlon TA, Kwok PY, Suzuki M, Willcox BJ. Who are the Okinawans? Ancestry, genome diversity, and implications for the genetic study of human longevity from a geographically isolated population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1474-84. [PMID: 24444611 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies of longevity from decreased haplotype diversity and long-range linkage disequilibrium. This permits smaller sample sizes without loss of power, among other utilities. Little is known about the genome of the Okinawans, a potential population isolate, recognized for longevity. Therefore, we assessed genetic diversity, structure, and admixture in Okinawans, and compared this with Caucasians, Chinese, Japanese, and Africans from HapMap II, genotyped on the same Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array. Principal component analysis, haplotype coverage, and linkage disequilibrium decay revealed a distinct Okinawan genome-more homogeneity, less haplotype diversity, and longer range linkage disequilibrium. Population structure and admixture analyses utilizing 52 global reference populations from the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel demonstrated that Okinawans clustered almost exclusively with East Asians. Sibling relative risk (λs) analysis revealed that siblings of Okinawan centenarians have 3.11 times (females) and 3.77 times (males) more likelihood of centenarianism. These findings suggest that Okinawans are genetically distinct and share several characteristics of a population isolate, which are prone to develop extreme phenotypes (eg, longevity) from genetic drift, natural selection, and population bottlenecks. These data support further exploration of genetic influence on longevity in the Okinawans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Qimei He
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Timothy A Donlon
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Ohana Genetics, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Human Genetics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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23
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Mengel-From J, Thinggaard M, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, McGue M, Christensen K, Christiansen L. CLU genetic variants and cognitive decline among elderly and oldest old. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79105. [PMID: 24244428 PMCID: PMC3828341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLU gene is one of the prime genetic candidates associated with Alzheimers disease. In the present study CLU genotypes and haplotypes were associated with baseline cognition and the rate of cognitive decline in two cohorts, the Danish 1905 birth cohort (93 years of age in 1998) and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish twins (LSADT) (73-83 year old twins in 1997). Both Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a cognitive composite score was attained up to six times for up to 10 years and analysed using random effects models and vital status. The rs11136000 T allele was associated with better baseline cognitive performance both in the LSADT (effect on intercept: 0.41 95% CI [-0.04; 0.87]) and the 1905 birth cohort (effect on intercept: 0.28 95% CI [0.01; 0.55]), although it did not reach significance in the LSADT cohort. However, the rs11136000 T allele was significantly associated with a steeper decline (effect on slope: -0.06 95% CI [-0.11; -0.01]) in the LSADT cohort, but not in the 1905 birth cohort. Haplotype analyses revealed that carriers of the common rs11136000, rs1532278 and rs9331888 TTC haplotype (36%) in the CLU gene performed cognitively better than non-carriers in the 1905 birth cohort (effect on intercept: 0.50 95% CI [0.12; 0.91]) and carriers of a rare TCC haplotype (1%) performed worse on the cognitive composite score (effect on intercept: -1.51 95% CI [-2.92; -0.06]). The association between the TTC haplotype and better cognitive composite score was higher among those surviving past the age of 98 (p = 0.014), and among these the TTC haplotype was borderline associated with a steep decline (effect on slope: -0.13 95% CI [-0.27; 0.00]). In summery CLU genetic variants associate with cognition in two cohorts, but the genetic effect of CLU seems to regress toward the mean when aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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24
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Bunce D, Bielak AAM, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Batterham PJ, Easteal S. APOE genotype and cognitive change in young, middle-aged, and older adults living in the community. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:379-86. [PMID: 23902936 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele was associated with cognitive benefits in young adulthood and whether it reversed to confer cognitive deficits in later life ("antagonistic pleiotropy") in the absence of dementia-related neuropathology. We also tested whether the ε2 allele was associated with disadvantages in early adulthood but offered protection against cognitive decline in early old age. Eight-year cognitive change was assessed in 2,013 cognitively normal community-dwelling adults aged 20-24, 40-44, or 60-64 years at baseline. Although cognitive decline was associated with age, multilevel models contrasting the ε2 and ε4 alleles provided no evidence that the APOE genotype was related to cognitive change in any of the age groups. The findings suggest that in the absence of clinically salient dementia pathology, APOE ε2 and ε4 alleles do not exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy in relation to cognition between the ages of 20 and 72 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bunce
- Institute of Psychological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK.
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