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van den Berg N, Rodríguez-Girondo M, van Dijk IK, Slagboom PE, Beekman M. Increasing number of long-lived ancestors marks a decade of healthspan extension and healthier metabolomics profiles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4518. [PMID: 37500622 PMCID: PMC10374564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the lifespan of populations increases but the healthspan is lagging behind. Previous research showed that survival into extreme ages (longevity) clusters in families as illustrated by the increasing lifespan of study participants with each additional long-lived family member. Here we investigate whether the healthspan in such families follows a similar quantitative pattern using three-generational data from two databases, LLS (Netherlands), and SEDD (Sweden). We study healthspan in 2143 families containing index persons with 26 follow-up years and two ancestral generations, comprising 17,539 persons. Our results provide strong evidence that an increasing number of long-lived ancestors associates with up to a decade of healthspan extension. Further evidence indicates that members of long-lived families have a delayed onset of medication use, multimorbidity and, in mid-life, healthier metabolomic profiles than their partners. We conclude that both lifespan and healthspan are quantitatively linked to ancestral longevity, making family data invaluable to identify protective mechanisms of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Scheelevägen 15B, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid K van Dijk
- Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Scheelevägen 15B, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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2
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Kunizheva SS, Volobaev VP, Plotnikova MY, Kupriyanova DA, Kuznetsova IL, Tyazhelova TV, Rogaev EI. Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity. RUSS J GENET+ 2022; 58:1427-1443. [PMID: 36590179 PMCID: PMC9794410 DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process of extinction of the body and the main aspect that determines the life expectancy for individuals who have survived to the post-reproductive period. The process of aging is accompanied by certain physiological, immune, and metabolic changes in the body, as well as the development of age-related diseases. The contribution of genetic factors to human life expectancy is estimated at about 25-30%. Despite the success in identifying genes and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the life extension process in model organisms, the key question remains to what extent these data can be extrapolated to humans, for example, because of the complexity of its biological and sociocultural systems, as well as possible species differences in life expectancy and causes of mortality. New molecular genetic methods have significantly expanded the possibilities for searching for genetic factors of human life expectancy and identifying metabolic pathways of aging, the interaction of genes and transcription factors, the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, and epigenetic modifications. The review presents the latest research and current strategies for studying the genetic basis of human aging and longevity: the study of individual candidate genes in genetic population studies, variations identified by the GWAS method, immunogenetic differences in aging, and genomic studies to identify factors of "healthy aging." Understanding the mechanisms of the interaction between factors affecting the life expectancy and the possibility of their regulation can become the basis for developing comprehensive measures to achieve healthy longevity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1022795422120067.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Kunizheva
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. P. Volobaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - M. Yu. Plotnikova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - D. A. Kupriyanova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - I. L. Kuznetsova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T. V. Tyazhelova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. I. Rogaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 01545 Shrewsbury, MA United States
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3
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Bae H, Gurinovich A, Karagiannis TT, Song Z, Leshchyk A, Li M, Andersen SL, Arbeev K, Yashin A, Zmuda J, An P, Feitosa M, Giuliani C, Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Mengel-From J, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Puca A, Schork NJ, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. A Genome-Wide Association Study of 2304 Extreme Longevity Cases Identifies Novel Longevity Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:116. [PMID: 36613555 PMCID: PMC9820206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human extreme longevity (EL), defined as surviving past the 99th survival percentile, by aggregating data from four centenarian studies. The combined data included 2304 EL cases and 5879 controls. The analysis identified a locus in CDKN2B-AS1 (rs6475609, p = 7.13 × 10-8) that almost reached genome-wide significance and four additional loci that were suggestively significant. Among these, a novel rare variant (rs145265196) on chromosome 11 had much higher longevity allele frequencies in cases of Ashkenazi Jewish and Southern Italian ancestry compared to cases of other European ancestries. We also correlated EL-associated SNPs with serum proteins to link our findings to potential biological mechanisms that may be related to EL and are under genetic regulation. The findings from the proteomic analyses suggested that longevity-promoting alleles of significant genetic variants either provided EL cases with more youthful molecular profiles compared to controls or provided some form of protection from other illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, and disease progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Bae
- Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tanya T. Karagiannis
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anastasia Leshchyk
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stacy L. Andersen
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Aging, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Annibale Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Thomas T. Perls
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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4
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Familial aggregation of the aging process: biological age measured in young adult offspring as a predictor of parental mortality. GeroScience 2022; 45:901-913. [PMID: 36401109 PMCID: PMC9886744 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures of biological age (BA) integrate information across organ systems to quantify "biological aging," i.e., inter-individual differences in aging-related health decline. While longevity and lifespan aggregate in families, reflecting transmission of genes and environments across generations, little is known about intergenerational continuity of biological aging or the extent to which this continuity may be modified by environmental factors. Using data from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (JPS), we tested if differences in offspring BA were related to mortality in their parents. We measured BA using biomarker data collected from 1473 offspring during clinical exams in 2007-2009, at age 32 ± 1.1. Parental mortality was obtained from population registry data for the years 2004-2016. We fitted parametric survival models to investigate the associations between offspring BA and parental all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We explored potential differences in these relationships by socioeconomic position (SEP) and offspring sex. Participants' BAs widely varied (SD = 6.95). Among those measured to be biologically older, parents had increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13), diabetes mortality (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and cancer mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). The association with all-cause mortality was stronger for families with low compared with high SEP (Pinteraction = 0.04) and for daughters as compared to sons (Pinteraction < 0.001). Using a clinical-biomarker-based BA estimate, observable by young adulthood prior to the onset of aging-related diseases, we demonstrate intergenerational continuity of the aging process. Furthermore, variation in this familial aggregation according to household socioeconomic position (SEP) at offspring birth and between families of sons and daughters proposes that the environment alters individuals' aging trajectory set by their parents.
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5
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Gunn S, Wainberg M, Song Z, Andersen S, Boudreau R, Feitosa MF, Tan Q, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Stitziel N, Price N, Perls T, Schork NJ, Sebastiani P. Distribution of 54 polygenic risk scores for common diseases in long lived individuals and their offspring. GeroScience 2022; 44:719-729. [PMID: 35119614 PMCID: PMC9135909 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A surprising and well-replicated result in genetic studies of human longevity is that centenarians appear to carry disease-associated variants in numbers similar to the general population. With the proliferation of large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in recent years, investigators have turned to polygenic scores to leverage GWAS results into a measure of genetic risk that can better predict the risk of disease than individual significant variants alone. We selected 54 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) developed for a variety of outcomes, and we calculated their values in individuals from the New England Centenarian Study (NECS, N = 4886) and the Long Life Family Study (LLFS, N = 4577). We compared the distribution of these PRSs among exceptionally long-lived individuals (ELLI), their offspring, and controls, and we also examined their predictive values, using t-tests and regression models adjusting for sex and principal components reflecting the ancestral background of the individuals (PCs). In our analyses, we controlled for multiple testing using a Bonferroni-adjusted threshold for 54 traits. We found that only 4 of the 54 PRSs differed between ELLIs and controls in both cohorts. ELLIs had significantly lower mean PRSs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) than controls, suggesting a genetic predisposition to extreme longevity may be mediated by reduced susceptibility to these traits. ELLIs also had significantly higher mean PRSs for improved cognitive function and parental extreme longevity. In addition, the PRS for AD was associated with a higher risk of dementia among controls but not ELLIs (p = 0.003, 0.3 in NECS, p = 0.03, 0.9 in LLFS, respectively). ELLIs have a similar burden of genetic disease risk as the general population for most traits but have a significantly lower genetic risk of AD and CAD. The lack of association between AD PRS and dementia among ELLIs suggests that the genetic risk for AD that they do have is somehow counteracted by protective genetic or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Gunn
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Crosstown Building, 801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Michael Wainberg
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Crosstown Building, 801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stacy Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Crosstown Building, 801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, 127 N. Bellefield Avenue Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1010, USA
| | - Qihua Tan
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - May E Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 620 W Lexington St, BaltimoreBaltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 620 W Lexington St, BaltimoreBaltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nathan Stitziel
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1010, USA
| | - Nathan Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - Thomas Perls
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Crosstown Building, 801 Massachusetts Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA. Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:736-743. [PMID: 34929024 PMCID: PMC8974328 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 years). Similar comparisons were made for sons and daughters of longer-lived parents (both parents lived 80 years and more) and shorter-lived parents (both parents lived less than 80 years) within each group of siblings. Although relatives of longer-lived individuals have lower mortality at younger ages compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, this mortality advantage practically disappears by age 100 years. To validate this observation further, we analyzed the survival of 3 408 US centenarians born in 1890-1897 with known information on maternal and paternal life span. We found using the Cox proportional hazards model that both maternal and paternal longevity (life span 80+ years) is not significantly associated with survival after age 100 years. The results are compatible with the predictions of reliability theory of aging suggesting higher initial levels of system redundancy (reserves) in individuals with protective familial/genetic background and hence lower initial mortality. Heterogeneity hypothesis is another possible explanation for the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Gavrilova
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid A Gavrilov
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Teut M, Ortiz M. Integrative Medicine and Ageing. Complement Med Res 2021; 28:383-386. [PMID: 34482303 DOI: 10.1159/000519159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Teut
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Ortiz
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Treaster S, Karasik D, Harris MP. Footprints in the Sand: Deep Taxonomic Comparisons in Vertebrate Genomics to Unveil the Genetic Programs of Human Longevity. Front Genet 2021; 12:678073. [PMID: 34163529 PMCID: PMC8215702 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the modern quality, quantity, and availability of genomic sequencing across species, as well as across the expanse of human populations, we can screen for shared signatures underlying longevity and lifespan. Knowledge of these mechanisms would be medically invaluable in combating aging and age-related diseases. The diversity of longevities across vertebrates is an opportunity to look for patterns of genetic variation that may signal how this life history property is regulated, and ultimately how it can be modulated. Variation in human longevity provides a unique window to look for cases of extreme lifespan within a population, as well as associations across populations for factors that influence capacity to live longer. Current large cohort studies support the use of population level analyses to identify key factors associating with human lifespan. These studies are powerful in concept, but have demonstrated limited ability to resolve signals from background variation. In parallel, the expanding catalog of sequencing and annotation from diverse species, some of which have evolved longevities well past a human lifespan, provides independent cases to look at the genomic signatures of longevity. Recent comparative genomic work has shown promise in finding shared mechanisms associating with longevity among distantly related vertebrate groups. Given the genetic constraints between vertebrates, we posit that a combination of approaches, of parallel meta-analysis of human longevity along with refined analysis of other vertebrate clades having exceptional longevity, will aid in resolving key regulators of enhanced lifespan that have proven to be elusive when analyzed in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Treaster
- Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Effect of longevity genetic variants on the molecular aging rate. GeroScience 2021; 43:1237-1251. [PMID: 33948810 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study of 1320 centenarians from the New England Centenarian Study (median age = 104 years) and 2899 unrelated controls using >9 M genetic variants imputed to the HRC panel of ~65,000 haplotypes. The genetic variants with the most significant associations were correlated to 4131 proteins that were profiled in the serum of a subset of 224 study participants using a SOMAscan array. The genetic associations were replicated in a genome-wide association study of 480 centenarians and ~800 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. The proteomic associations were replicated in a proteomic scan of approximately 1000 Ashkenazi Jewish participants from a third cohort. The analysis replicated a protein signature associated with APOE genotypes and confirmed strong overexpression of BIRC2 (p < 5E-16) and under-expression of APOB in carriers of the APOE2 allele (p < 0.05). The analysis also discovered and replicated associations between longevity variants and slower changes of protein biomarkers of aging, including a novel protein signature of rs2184061 (CDKN2A/CDKN2B in chromosome 9) that suggests a genetic regulation of GDF15. The analyses showed that longevity variants correlate with proteome signatures that could be manipulated to discover healthy-aging targets.
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10
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Garagnani P, Marquis J, Delledonne M, Pirazzini C, Marasco E, Kwiatkowska KM, Iannuzzi V, Bacalini MG, Valsesia A, Carayol J, Raymond F, Ferrarini A, Xumerle L, Collino S, Mari D, Arosio B, Casati M, Ferri E, Monti D, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Luiselli D, Pettener D, Castellani G, Sala C, Passarino G, De Rango F, D'Aquila P, Bertamini L, Martinelli N, Girelli D, Olivieri O, Giuliani C, Descombes P, Franceschi C. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians. eLife 2021; 10:57849. [PMID: 33941312 PMCID: PMC8096429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme longevity is the paradigm of healthy aging as individuals who reached the extreme decades of human life avoided or largely postponed all major age-related diseases. In this study, we sequenced at high coverage (90X) the whole genome of 81 semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians [105+/110+] (mean age: 106.6 ± 1.6) and of 36 healthy unrelated geographically matched controls (mean age 68.0 ± 5.9) recruited in Italy. The results showed that 105+/110+ are characterized by a peculiar genetic background associated with efficient DNA repair mechanisms, as evidenced by both germline data (common and rare variants) and somatic mutations patterns (lower mutation load if compared to younger healthy controls). Results were replicated in a second independent cohort of 333 Italian centenarians and 358 geographically matched controls. The genetics of 105+/110+ identified DNA repair and clonal haematopoiesis as crucial players for healthy aging and for the protection from cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julien Marquis
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Marasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Iannuzzi
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Carayol
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luciano Xumerle
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mari
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department for the Cultural Heritage (DBC), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Bertamini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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11
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Rodríguez-Girondo M, van den Berg N, Hof MH, Beekman M, Slagboom E. Improved selection of participants in genetic longevity studies: family scores revisited. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33407157 PMCID: PMC7789146 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human longevity tends to cluster within families, genetic studies on longevity have had limited success in identifying longevity loci. One of the main causes of this limited success is the selection of participants. Studies generally include sporadically long-lived individuals, i.e. individuals with the longevity phenotype but without a genetic predisposition for longevity. The inclusion of these individuals causes phenotype heterogeneity which results in power reduction and bias. A way to avoid sporadically long-lived individuals and reduce sample heterogeneity is to include family history of longevity as selection criterion using a longevity family score. A main challenge when developing family scores are the large differences in family size, because of real differences in sibship sizes or because of missing data. METHODS We discussed the statistical properties of two existing longevity family scores: the Family Longevity Selection Score (FLoSS) and the Longevity Relatives Count (LRC) score and we evaluated their performance dealing with differential family size. We proposed a new longevity family score, the mLRC score, an extension of the LRC based on random effects modeling, which is robust for family size and missing values. The performance of the new mLRC as selection tool was evaluated in an intensive simulation study and illustrated in a large real dataset, the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). RESULTS Empirical scores such as the FLOSS and LRC cannot properly deal with differential family size and missing data. Our simulation study showed that mLRC is not affected by family size and provides more accurate selections of long-lived families. The analysis of 1105 sibships of the Historical Sample of the Netherlands showed that the selection of long-lived individuals based on the mLRC score predicts excess survival in the validation set better than the selection based on the LRC score . CONCLUSIONS Model-based score systems such as the mLRC score help to reduce heterogeneity in the selection of long-lived families. The power of future studies into the genetics of longevity can likely be improved and their bias reduced, by selecting long-lived cases using the mLRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel H Hof
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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12
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Gutman D, Lidzbarsky G, Milman S, Gao T, Sin-Chan P, Gonzaga‐Jauregui C, Deelen J, Shuldiner AR, Barzilai N, Atzmon G. Similar burden of pathogenic coding variants in exceptionally long-lived individuals and individuals without exceptional longevity. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13216. [PMID: 32860726 PMCID: PMC7576295 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centenarians (exceptionally long‐lived individuals—ELLI) are a unique segment of the population, exhibiting long human lifespan and healthspan, despite generally practicing similar lifestyle habits as their peers. We tested disease‐associated mutation burden in ELLI genomes by determining the burden of pathogenic variants reported in the ClinVar and HGMD databases using data from whole exome sequencing (WES) conducted in a cohort of ELLI, their offspring, and control individuals without antecedents of familial longevity (n = 1879), all descendent from the founder population of Ashkenazi Jews. The burden of pathogenic variants did not differ between the three groups. Additional analyses of variants subtypes and variant effect predictor (VEP) biotype frequencies did not reveal a decrease of pathogenic or loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in ELLI and offspring compared to the control group. Case–control pathogenic variants enrichment analyses conducted in ELLI and controls also did not identify significant differences in any of the variants between the groups and polygenic risk scores failed to provide a predictive model. Interestingly, cancer and Alzheimer's disease‐associated variants were significantly depleted in ELLI compared to controls, suggesting slower accumulation of mutation. That said, polygenic risk score analysis failed to find any predictive variants among the functional variants tested. The high similarity in the burden of pathogenic variation between ELLI and individuals without familial longevity supports the notion that extension of lifespan and healthspan in ELLI is not a consequence of pathogenic variant depletion but rather a result of other genomic, epigenomic, or potentially nongenomic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gutman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | | | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | | | | | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biochemical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
- Genetic, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
- Genetic, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
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13
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Galvin A, Ukraintseva S, Arbeev K, Feitosa M, Christensen K. Physical robustness and resilience among long-lived female siblings: a comparison with sporadic long-livers. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15157-15168. [PMID: 32652515 PMCID: PMC7425496 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived individuals are central in studies of healthy longevity. However, few pro-longevity factors have been identified, presumably because of “phenocopies”, i.e. individuals that live long by chance. Familial longevity cases may include less phenocopies than sporadic cases and provide better insights into longevity mechanisms. Here we examined whether long-lived female siblings have a better ability to avoid diseases at ages 65+ (proxy for “robustness”) and/or survive to extreme ages (proxy for “resilience”) compared to sporadic long-livers. A total of 1,156 long-lived female siblings were selected from three nationwide Danish studies and age-matched with sporadic long-lived female controls. Outcomes included cumulative incidence of common health disorders from age 65 and overall survival. Long-lived female siblings had lower risks of some but not all health conditions, most significantly, depression (OR=0.74; 95%CI=0.62-0.88), and less significantly hypertensive (OR=0.84; 95%CI=0.71-0.99) and cerebrovascular (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.55-0.96) diseases. They also had consistently better survival to extreme ages (HR=0.71; 95%CI= 0.63-0.81) compared to sporadic long-livers. After adjustment for the diseases, the association with mortality changed only marginally suggesting central role of better physiological resilience in familial longevity. Due to their consistently better resilience, familial longevity cases could be more informative than sporadic cases for studying mechanisms of healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Galvin
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
The majority of research to understand the pathogenesis of and contributors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, dementia, and disease progression has focused on studying individuals who have the disease or are at increased risk of having the disease. Yet there may be much to learn from individuals who have a paradoxical decreased risk of AD suggesting underlying protective factors. Centenarians demonstrate exceptional longevity that for a subset of the cohort is associated with an increased health span characterized by the delay or escape of age-related diseases including dementia. Here, I give evidence of the association of exceptional longevity with resistance and resilience to AD and describe how cohorts of centenarians and their offspring may serve as models of neuroprotection from AD. Discoveries of novel genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that are associated with a decreased risk of AD may inform the development of interventions to slow or prevent AD in the general population. Centenarian cohorts may also be instrumental in serving as controls to individuals with AD to identify additional risk factors.
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15
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Nygaard HB, Erson-Omay EZ, Wu X, Kent BA, Bernales CQ, Evans DM, Farrer MJ, Vilariño-Güell C, Strittmatter SM. Whole-Exome Sequencing of an Exceptional Longevity Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1386-1390. [PMID: 29750252 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centenarians represent a unique cohort to study the genetic basis for longevity and factors determining the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The estimated genetic contribution to longevity is highest in centenarians and super-cententenarians, but few genetic variants have been shown to clearly impact this phenotype. While the genetic risk for AD and other dementias is now well understood, the frequency of known dementia risk variants in centenarians is not fully characterized. To address these questions, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 100 individuals of 98-108 years age in search of genes with large effect sizes towards the exceptional aging phenotype. Overall, we were unable to identify a rare protein-altering variant or individual genes with an increased burden of rare variants associated with exceptional longevity. Gene burden analysis revealed three genes of nominal statistical significance associated with extreme aging, including LYST, MDN1, and RBMXL1. Several genes with variants conferring an increased risk for AD and other dementias were identified, including TREM2, EPHA1, ABCA7, PLD3, MAPT, and NOTCH3. Larger centenarian studies will be required to further elucidate the genetic basis for longevity, and factors conferring protection against age-dependent neurodegenerative syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon B Nygaard
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brianne A Kent
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel M Evans
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair (CNNR), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Berg N, Rodríguez‐Girondo M, Mandemakers K, Janssens AAPO, Beekman M, Slagboom PE. Longevity Relatives Count score identifies heritable longevity carriers and suggests case improvement in genetic studies. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13139. [PMID: 32352215 PMCID: PMC7294789 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loci associated with longevity are likely to harbor genes coding for key players of molecular pathways involved in a lifelong decreased mortality and decreased/compressed morbidity. However, identifying such loci is challenging. One of the most plausible reasons is the uncertainty in defining long‐lived cases with the heritable longevity trait among long‐living phenocopies. To avoid phenocopies, family selection scores have been constructed, but these have not yet been adopted as state of the art in longevity research. Here, we aim to identify individuals with the heritable longevity trait by using current insights and a novel family score based on these insights. We use a unique dataset connecting living study participants to their deceased ancestors covering 37,825 persons from 1,326 five‐generational families, living between 1788 and 2019. Our main finding suggests that longevity is transmitted for at least two subsequent generations only when at least 20% of all relatives are long‐lived. This proves the importance of family data to avoid phenocopies in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Berg
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez‐Girondo
- Section of Medical Statistics Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Kees Mandemakers
- International Institute of Social History Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
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17
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Jónás D, Sándor S, Tátrai K, Egyed B, Kubinyi E. A Preliminary Study to Investigate the Genetic Background of Longevity Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data of Two Methuselah Dogs. Front Genet 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32373156 PMCID: PMC7176982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor in many diseases and mortality alike. As the elderly population is expected to increase at an accelerating rate in the future, these phenomena will pose a growing socio-economic burden on societies. To successfully cope with this challenge, a deeper understanding of aging is crucial. In many aspects, the companion dog is an increasingly popular model organism to study aging, with the promise of producing results that are more applicable to humans than the findings that come from the studies of classical model organisms. In this preliminary study we used the whole-genome sequence of two extremely old dogs - age: 22 and 27 years (or 90-135% more, than the average lifespan of dogs) - in order to make the first steps to understand the genetic background of extreme longevity in dogs. We identified more than ∼80 1000 novel SNPs in the two dogs (7500 of which overlapped between them) when compared to three publicly available canine SNP databases, which included SNP information from850 dogs. Most novel mutations (∼52000 SNPs) were identified at non-coding regions, while 4.6% of the remaining SNPs (n∼1600) were at exons, including 670 missense variants - 76 of which overlapped between the two animals - across 472 genes. Based on their gene ontologies, these genes were related - among others - to gene transcription/translation and its regulation, to immune response and the nervous system in general. We also detected 12 loss-of-function mutations, although their actual effect is unclear. Several genetic pathways were also identified, which pathways may be tempting candidates to be investigated in large sample sizes in order to confirm their relevance in extreme longevity in dogs (and possibly, in humans). We hypothesize a possible link between extreme longevity and the regulation of gene transcription/translation, which hypothesis should be further investigated in the future. This phenomenon could define an interesting direction for future research aiming to better understand longevity. The presented preliminary results highlight the utility of the companion dog in the study of the genetic background of longevity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Jónás
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Tátrai
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikö Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Marone S, Bloore K, Sebastiani P, Flynn C, Leonard B, Whitaker K, Mostowy M, Perls TT, Andersen SL. Purpose in Life Among Centenarian Offspring. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:308-315. [PMID: 29522128 PMCID: PMC7179803 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purpose in life (PIL), a feeling of meaning and direction in life, is associated with favorable health outcomes including lower mortality and reduced risk of disease, disability, and cognitive impairment. Since centenarian offspring have been shown to have long health spans we sought to examine whether they have higher PIL than individuals without familial longevity. METHOD We compared PIL scores from the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being in centenarian offspring from the New England Centenarian Study (N = 361, mean age = 82.0 years) with 3 referent groups: spouses, birth cohort-matched referents, and Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, and marital status indicated greater odds of high PIL among centenarian offspring compared with spouse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-3.68, p = .049) and birth cohort referents (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.36-5.14, p = .004). Offspring had an almost 3 times greater odds of having high PIL than HRS participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, 95% CI = 2.17-3.96, p < .0001). DISCUSSION Higher PIL is associated with being an offspring of a long-lived parent and may play a role in the ability to delay age-associated illnesses and functional decline. Increasing purposefulness may be a target for interventions to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marone
- Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Bloore
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Flynn
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Brittany Leonard
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Kelsey Whitaker
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Marilyn Mostowy
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
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19
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Borras C, Ingles M, Mas-Bargues C, Dromant M, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Gimeno-Mallench L, Gambini J, Viña J. Centenarians: An excellent example of resilience for successful ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 186:111199. [PMID: 31899226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centenarians are remarkable not only because of their prolonged life, but also because they compress morbidity until the very last moments of their lives, thus being proposed as a model of successful, extraordinary ageing. From the medical viewpoint, centenarians do not escape the physiological decline or the age-related diseases or syndromes (i.e. frailty), but the rate of such processes is slow enough to be counterbalanced by their increased intrinsic capacity to respond to minor stresses of daily life (i.e. resilience). These new concepts are reviewed in this paper. Allostatic stresses lead to a chronic low-grade inflammation that has led to the proposal of the "inflammaging" theory of ageing and frailty. The biology of centenarians, described in this review, provides us with clues for intervention to promote healthy ageing in the general population. One of the major reasons for this healthy ageing has to do with the genetic signature that is specific for centenarians and certainly different from octogenarians who do not enjoy the extraordinary qualities of centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borras
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Ingles
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Andersen SL, Sweigart B, Sebastiani P, Drury J, Sidlowski S, Perls TT. Reduced Prevalence and Incidence of Cognitive Impairment Among Centenarian Offspring. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:108-113. [PMID: 29931286 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Centenarian offspring have better health and lower mortality in comparison to referent cohorts, however it is unknown whether they have preserved cognition at older ages. Methods This prospective study of 491 centenarian offspring and 270 referent participants without familial longevity (mean baseline age 75.5 years) from the New England Centenarian Study analyzed longitudinal cognitive assessments performed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Logistic regression was used for cognitive impairment at baseline and Cox proportional hazards regression for risk of incident cognitive impairment. Results After adjustment for age, sex, education, stroke, and diabetes, offspring were 46% less likely to have baseline cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.82) and were 27% less likely to become cognitively impaired over a median follow-up of 7.8 years (adjusted hazard ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-0.99). Female gender was also independently associated with lower odds of baseline cognitive impairment and lower risk of incident cognitive impairment. Conclusions Familial longevity may confer exposure to genetic and environmental factors that predispose centenarian offspring to preservation of cognitive function at older ages. Centenarian offspring cohorts may provide an opportunity to study cognitive resilience associated with familial longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Drury
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Sidlowski
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
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21
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Giuliani C, Garagnani P, Franceschi C. Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework. Circ Res 2019; 123:745-772. [PMID: 30355083 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait, and to disentangle its basis has a great theoretical and practical consequences for biomedicine. The genetics of human longevity is still poorly understood despite several investigations that used different strategies and protocols. Here, we argue that such rather disappointing harvest is largely because of the extraordinary complexity of the longevity phenotype in humans. The capability to reach the extreme decades of human lifespan seems to be the result of an intriguing mixture of gene-environment interactions. Accordingly, the genetics of human longevity is here described as a highly context-dependent phenomenon, within a new integrated, ecological, and evolutionary perspective, and is presented as a dynamic process, both historically and individually. The available literature has been scrutinized within this perspective, paying particular attention to factors (sex, individual biography, family, population ancestry, social structure, economic status, and education, among others) that have been relatively neglected. The strength and limitations of the most powerful and used tools, such as genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing, have been discussed, focusing on prominently emerged genes and regions, such as apolipoprotein E, Forkhead box O3, interleukin 6, insulin-like growth factor-1, chromosome 9p21, 5q33.3, and somatic mutations among others. The major results of this approach suggest that (1) the genetics of longevity is highly population specific; (2) small-effect alleles, pleiotropy, and the complex allele timing likely play a major role; (3) genetic risk factors are age specific and need to be integrated in the light of the geroscience perspective; (4) a close relationship between genetics of longevity and genetics of age-related diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases) do exist. Finally, the urgent need of a global approach to the largely unexplored interactions between the 3 genetics of human body, that is, nuclear, mitochondrial, and microbiomes, is stressed. We surmise that the comprehensive approach here presented will help in increasing the above-mentioned harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- From the Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology (C.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.G.).,Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Italy (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) (P.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (P.G.)
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22
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Gurinovich A, Bae H, Farrell JJ, Andersen SL, Monti S, Puca A, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. PopCluster: an algorithm to identify genetic variants with ethnicity-dependent effects. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:3046-3054. [PMID: 30624692 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Over the last decade, more diverse populations have been included in genome-wide association studies. If a genetic variant has a varying effect on a phenotype in different populations, genome-wide association studies applied to a dataset as a whole may not pinpoint such differences. It is especially important to be able to identify population-specific effects of genetic variants in studies that would eventually lead to development of diagnostic tests or drug discovery. RESULTS In this paper, we propose PopCluster: an algorithm to automatically discover subsets of individuals in which the genetic effects of a variant are statistically different. PopCluster provides a simple framework to directly analyze genotype data without prior knowledge of subjects' ethnicities. PopCluster combines logistic regression modeling, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and a recursive bottom-up tree parsing procedure. The evaluation of PopCluster suggests that the algorithm has a stable low false positive rate (∼4%) and high true positive rate (>80%) in simulations with large differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls. Application of PopCluster to data from genetic studies of longevity discovers ethnicity-dependent heterogeneity in the association of rs3764814 (USP42) with the phenotype. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION PopCluster was implemented using the R programming language, PLINK and Eigensoft software, and can be found at the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/gurinovich/PopCluster with instructions on its installation and usage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - John J Farrell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annibale Puca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Berg NVD, Rodríguez-Girondo M, de Craen AJM, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Beekman M, Slagboom PE. Longevity Around the Turn of the 20th Century: Life-Long Sustained Survival Advantage for Parents of Today's Nonagenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1295-1302. [PMID: 29596573 PMCID: PMC6132126 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of longevous families live longer than individuals from similar birth cohorts and delay/escape age-related diseases. Insight into this familial component of longevity can provide important knowledge about mechanisms protecting against age-related diseases. This familial component of longevity was studied in the Leiden Longevity Study which consists of 944 longevous siblings (participants), their parents (N = 842), siblings (N = 2,302), and spouses (N = 809). Family longevity scores were estimated to explore whether human longevity is transmitted preferentially through the maternal or paternal line. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated to investigate whether longevous siblings have a survival advantage compared with longevous singletons and we investigated whether parents of longevous siblings harbor a life-long sustained survival advantage compared with the general Dutch population by estimating lifetime SMRs (L-SMRs). We found that sibships with long-lived mothers and non-long-lived fathers had 0.41 (p = .024) less observed deaths than sibships with long-lived fathers and non-long-lived mothers and 0.48 (p = .008) less observed deaths than sibships with both parents non-long lived. Participants had 18.6 per cent less deaths compared with matched singletons and parents had a life-long sustained survival advantage (L-SMR = 0.510 and 0.688). In conclusion, genetic longevity studies may incorporate the maternal transmission pattern and genes influencing the entire life-course of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Economic, Social, and Demographic History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Deelen J, Evans DS, Arking DE, Tesi N, Nygaard M, Liu X, Wojczynski MK, Biggs ML, van der Spek A, Atzmon G, Ware EB, Sarnowski C, Smith AV, Seppälä I, Cordell HJ, Dose J, Amin N, Arnold AM, Ayers KL, Barzilai N, Becker EJ, Beekman M, Blanché H, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Collerton JC, Cubaynes S, Cummings SR, Davies K, Debrabant B, Deleuze JF, Duncan R, Faul JD, Franceschi C, Galan P, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Huisman M, Hurme MA, Jagger C, Jansen I, Jylhä M, Kähönen M, Karasik D, Kardia SLR, Kingston A, Kirkwood TBL, Launer LJ, Lehtimäki T, Lieb W, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin-Ruiz C, Min J, Nebel A, Newman AB, Nie C, Nohr EA, Orwoll ES, Perls TT, Province MA, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Reinders MJT, Robine JM, Rotter JI, Sebastiani P, Smith J, Sørensen TIA, Taylor KD, Uitterlinden AG, van der Flier W, van der Lee SJ, van Duijn CM, van Heemst D, Vaupel JW, Weir D, Ye K, Zeng Y, Zheng W, Holstege H, Kiel DP, Lunetta KL, Slagboom PE, Murabito JM. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple longevity genes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3669. [PMID: 31413261 PMCID: PMC6694136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human longevity is heritable, but genome-wide association (GWA) studies have had limited success. Here, we perform two meta-analyses of GWA studies of a rigorous longevity phenotype definition including 11,262/3484 cases surviving at or beyond the age corresponding to the 90th/99th survival percentile, respectively, and 25,483 controls whose age at death or at last contact was at or below the age corresponding to the 60th survival percentile. Consistent with previous reports, rs429358 (apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4) is associated with lower odds of surviving to the 90th and 99th percentile age, while rs7412 (ApoE ε2) shows the opposite. Moreover, rs7676745, located near GPR78, associates with lower odds of surviving to the 90th percentile age. Gene-level association analysis reveals a role for tissue-specific expression of multiple genes in longevity. Finally, genetic correlation of the longevity GWA results with that of several disease-related phenotypes points to a shared genetic architecture between health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50866, Cologne, Germany.
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Niccolò Tesi
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | | | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joanna C Collerton
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Sarah Cubaynes
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, Unité Inserm 1198, PSL Research University, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Karen Davies
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, 75010, Paris, France
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Duncan
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Centre of Bioinformatics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB), 40124, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar Galan
- EREN, UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125 Inra/Cnam/Paris 13, Université Paris 13, CRESS, 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko A Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carol Jagger
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Iris Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Jylhä
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, 33104, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, 13010, Israel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Kingston
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Thomas B L Kirkwood
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Junxia Min
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311058, China
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie Robine
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, Unité Inserm 1198, PSL Research University, 34095, Montpellier, France
- CERMES3, UMR CNRS 8211-Unité Inserm 988-EHESS-Université Paris Descartes, 94801, Paris, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol University, BS8 2BN, Bristol, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James W Vaupel
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - David Weir
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development and Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wanlin Zheng
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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25
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Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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26
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Adult Cardiac Stem Cell Aging: A Reversible Stochastic Phenomenon? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5813147. [PMID: 30881594 PMCID: PMC6383393 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is by far the dominant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, whose prevalence dramatically increases with increasing age reaching epidemic proportions. In the elderly, pathologic cellular and molecular changes in cardiac tissue homeostasis and response to injury result in progressive deteriorations in the structure and function of the heart. Although the phenotypes of cardiac aging have been the subject of intense study, the recent discovery that cardiac homeostasis during mammalian lifespan is maintained and regulated by regenerative events associated with endogenous cardiac stem cell (CSC) activation has produced a crucial reconsideration of the biology of the adult and aged mammalian myocardium. The classical notion of the adult heart as a static organ, in terms of cell turnover and renewal, has now been replaced by a dynamic model in which cardiac cells continuously die and are then replaced by CSC progeny differentiation. However, CSCs are not immortal. They undergo cellular senescence characterized by increased ROS production and oxidative stress and loss of telomere/telomerase integrity in response to a variety of physiological and pathological demands with aging. Nevertheless, the old myocardium preserves an endogenous functionally competent CSC cohort which appears to be resistant to the senescent phenotype occurring with aging. The latter envisions the phenomenon of CSC ageing as a result of a stochastic and therefore reversible cell autonomous process. However, CSC aging could be a programmed cell cycle-dependent process, which affects all or most of the endogenous CSC population. The latter would infer that the loss of CSC regenerative capacity with aging is an inevitable phenomenon that cannot be rescued by stimulating their growth, which would only speed their progressive exhaustion. The resolution of these two biological views will be crucial to design and develop effective CSC-based interventions to counteract cardiac aging not only improving health span of the elderly but also extending lifespan by delaying cardiovascular disease-related deaths.
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27
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Timmers PR, Mounier N, Lall K, Fischer K, Ning Z, Feng X, Bretherick AD, Clark DW, Shen X, Esko T, Kutalik Z, Wilson JF, Joshi PK. Genomics of 1 million parent lifespans implicates novel pathways and common diseases and distinguishes survival chances. eLife 2019; 8:39856. [PMID: 30642433 PMCID: PMC6333444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a genome-wide association of 1 million parental lifespans of genotyped subjects and data on mortality risk factors to validate previously unreplicated findings near CDKN2B-AS1, ATXN2/BRAP, FURIN/FES, ZW10, PSORS1C3, and 13q21.31, and identify and replicate novel findings near ABO, ZC3HC1, and IGF2R. We also validate previous findings near 5q33.3/EBF1 and FOXO3, whilst finding contradictory evidence at other loci. Gene set and cell-specific analyses show that expression in foetal brain cells and adult dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is enriched for lifespan variation, as are gene pathways involving lipid proteins and homeostasis, vesicle-mediated transport, and synaptic function. Individual genetic variants that increase dementia, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer - but not other cancers - explain the most variance. Resulting polygenic scores show a mean lifespan difference of around five years of life across the deciles. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rhj Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ninon Mounier
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristi Lall
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zheng Ning
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew D Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David W Clark
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xia Shen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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van den Berg N, Rodríguez-Girondo M, van Dijk IK, Mourits RJ, Mandemakers K, Janssens AAPO, Beekman M, Smith KR, Slagboom PE. Longevity defined as top 10% survivors and beyond is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait. Nat Commun 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30617297 PMCID: PMC6323124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate concerning the survival percentile that best isolates the genetic component in longevity. Here, we use three-generational mortality data from two large datasets, UPDB (US) and LINKS (Netherlands). We study 20,360 unselected families containing index persons, their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, comprising 314,819 individuals. Our analyses provide strong evidence that longevity is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait among survivors up to the top 10% of their birth cohort. We subsequently show a survival advantage, mounting to 31%, for individuals with top 10% surviving first and second-degree relatives in both databases and across generations, even in the presence of non-longevous parents. To guide future genetic studies, we suggest to base case selection on top 10% survivors of their birth cohort with equally long-lived family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid K van Dijk
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick J Mourits
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Mandemakers
- International Institute of Social History, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique A P O Janssens
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Ashapkin VV, Kutueva LI, Vanyushin BF. Epigenetic Clock: Just a Convenient Marker or an Active Driver of Aging? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:175-206. [PMID: 31493228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A global DNA hypomethylation and local changes in the methylation levels of specific DNA loci occur during aging in mammals. Global hypomethylation mainly affects highly methylated repeat sequences, such as transposable elements; it is an essentially stochastic process usually referred to as "epigenetic drift." Specific changes in DNA methylation affect various genome sequences and could be either hypomethylation or hypermethylation, but the prevailing tendencies are hypermethylation of promoter sequences associated with CpG islands and hypomethylation of CpG poor genes. Methylation levels of multiple CpG sites display a strong correlation to age common between individuals of the same species. Collectively, methylation of such CpG sites could be used as "epigenetic clocks" to predict biological age. Furthermore, the discrepancy between epigenetic and chronological ages could be predictive of all-cause mortality and multiple age-associated diseases. Random changes in DNA methylation (epigenetic drift) could also affect the aging phenotype, causing accidental changes in gene expression and increasing the transcriptional noise between cells of the same tissue. Both effects could become detrimental to tissue functioning and cause a gradual decline in organ function during aging. Strong evidence shows that epigenetic systems contribute to lifespan control in various organisms. Similar to other cell systems, the epigenome is prone to gradual degradation due to the genome damage, stressful agents and other aging factors. However, unlike mutations and many other hallmarks of aging, age-related epigenetic changes could be fully or partially reversed to a "young" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila I Kutueva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris F Vanyushin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Sebastiani P, Gurinovich A, Nygaard M, Sasaki T, Sweigart B, Bae H, Andersen SL, Villa F, Atzmon G, Christensen K, Arai Y, Barzilai N, Puca A, Christiansen L, Hirose N, Perls TT. APOE Alleles and Extreme Human Longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:44-51. [PMID: 30060062 PMCID: PMC6298189 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assembled a collection of 28,297 participants from seven studies of longevity and healthy aging comprising New England Centenarian, Long Life Family, Longevity Gene Population, Southern Italian Centenarian, Japanese Centenarian, the Danish Longevity, and the Health and Retirement Studies to investigate the association between the APOE alleles ε2ε3 and ε4 and extreme human longevity and age at death. By using three different genetic models and two definitions of extreme longevity based on either a threshold model or age at death, we show that ε4 is associated with a substantially decreased odds for extreme longevity, and increased risk for death that persists even beyond ages reached by less than 1% of the population. We also show that carrying the ε2ε2 or ε2ε3 genotype is associated with significantly increased odds to reach extreme longevity, with decreased risk for death compared with carrying the genotype ε3ε3 but with only a modest reduction in risk for death beyond an age reached by less than 1% of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Villa
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annibale Puca
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Bae H, Gurinovich A, Malovini A, Atzmon G, Andersen SL, Villa F, Barzilai N, Puca A, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. Effects of FOXO3 Polymorphisms on Survival to Extreme Longevity in Four Centenarian Studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1439-1447. [PMID: 28977569 PMCID: PMC6175020 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies note specific FOXO3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human longevity. However, it is not clear if these SNPs influence mortality risk beyond the oldest 1 percentile of survival. Using data from four longevity studies (total n = 8,266, age range 96-119 years for cases), we tested gene-wide association between 107 SNPs and survival to at least the oldest 1 percentile of survival for the 1900 birth cohort (≥96, white males; ≥100 white females). This analysis replicated 17 previously published variants, several of which are significant expression quantitative trait loci of FOXO3; rs6911407 and rs2253310 have the most significant effect on FOXO3 expressions in brain tissue. We then performed a survival analysis to determine if any of these 107 SNPs impact upon mortality risk beyond the oldest 1 percentile. While none of the 17 published variants was significantly associated with mortality risk beyond this extreme age, an uncommon homozygote genotype of rs9384680 exhibited the strongest association with mortality risk (p = 2.68E-04) in only 11 females, a heretofore unreported association. These analyses replicate the previous association of common variants of FOXO3 with older age but these common variants do not modify risk for mortality at ages beyond the oldest 1 percentile age of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis,Address correspondence to: Harold Bae, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 151 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331. E-mail:
| | | | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Villa
- IRCCS Multimedica, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annibale Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Longer human lives have led to a global burden of late-life disease. However, some older people experience little ill health, a trait that should be extended to the general population. Interventions into lifestyle, including increased exercise and reduction in food intake and obesity, can help to maintain healthspan. Altered gut microbiota, removal of senescent cells, blood factors obtained from young individuals and drugs can all improve late-life health in animals. Application to humans will require better biomarkers of disease risk and responses to interventions, closer alignment of work in animals and humans, and increased use of electronic health records, biobank resources and cohort studies.
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33
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Puca AA, Spinelli C, Accardi G, Villa F, Caruso C. Centenarians as a model to discover genetic and epigenetic signatures of healthy ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Analysis of a huge human pedigree constructed using public genealogy databases indicates that the heritability of longevity is probably lower than previously accepted (0.10 to 0.15 instead of 0.25 to 0.30). This makes the search for “longevity genes” even harder than expected; nevertheless, some significant results emerge and may eventually, after confirmation and extension, provide useful insights.
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35
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Dato S, Soerensen M, De Rango F, Rose G, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Passarino G. The genetic component of human longevity: New insights from the analysis of pathway-based SNP-SNP interactions. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12755. [PMID: 29577582 PMCID: PMC5946073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human longevity studies, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified a large number of genetic variants with small effects, yet not easily replicable in different populations. New insights may come from the combined analysis of different SNPs, especially when grouped by metabolic pathway. We applied this approach to study the joint effect on longevity of SNPs belonging to three candidate pathways, the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signalling (IIS), DNA repair and pro/antioxidant. We analysed data from 1,058 tagging SNPs in 140 genes, collected in 1825 subjects (1,089 unrelated nonagenarians from the Danish 1905 Birth Cohort Study and 736 Danish controls aged 46–55 years) for evaluating synergic interactions by SNPsyn. Synergies were further tested by the multidimensional reduction (MDR) approach, both intra‐ and interpathways. The best combinations (FDR<0.0001) resulted those encompassing IGF1R‐rs12437963 and PTPN1‐rs6067484, TP53‐rs2078486 and ERCC2‐rs50871, TXNRD1‐rs17202060 and TP53‐rs2078486, the latter two supporting a central role of TP53 in mediating the concerted activation of the DNA repair and pro‐antioxidant pathways in human longevity. Results were consistently replicated with both approaches, as well as a significant effect on longevity was found for the GHSR gene, which also interacts with partners belonging to both IIS and DNA repair pathways (PAPPA,PTPN1,PARK7, MRE11A). The combination GHSR‐MREA11, positively associated with longevity by MDR, was further found influencing longitudinal survival in nonagenarian females (p = .026). Results here presented highlight the validity of SNP‐SNP interactions analyses for investigating the genetics of human longevity, confirming previously identified markers but also pointing to novel genes as central nodes of additional networks involved in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal age at birth of last child has been associated with maternal longevity. The aim of this study was to determine whether older women with a history of late maternal age at last childbirth had a longer leukocyte telomere length than those with maternal age at last childbirth of 29 years or less. METHODS A nested case control study was conducted using data from the Long Life Family Study. Three hundred eighty-seven women who gave birth to at least one child and lived to the top fifth percentile of their birth cohort, or died before the top fifth percentile of their birth cohort died, but were at least 70 years old, were studied. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the association between tertiles of telomere length and maternal age at last childbirth, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Age at birth of the last child was significantly associated with leukocyte telomere length. Compared with women who gave birth to their last child before the age of 29, women who were past the age of 33 when they had their last child were two to three times more likely to have leukocyte telomere length in the second and third tertiles than in the first tertile. CONCLUSIONS These findings show an association between longer leukocyte telomere length and a later maternal age at birth of last child, suggesting that extended maternal age at last childbirth may be a marker for longevity.
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37
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Nebbia G, Nussbaum L, Helmkamp A, Andersen S, Perls T, Sebastiani P. Manual and Automated Procedures for Compiling a Very Large Sample of Centenarian Pedigrees. NORTH AMERICAN ACTUARIAL JOURNAL : NAAJ 2018; 22:591-599. [PMID: 31435182 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2018.1462716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A large portion of the baby boomer population will live beyond the age of 90 years and entitlement programs and various insurance products have thusly become interested in longevity risk. Beyond cohort life table predictions, actuaries have little to go on in determining which individuals or portions of populations are at increased risk of living to 90 or 100 or even older. We and others have noted strong familial risk for living beyond the oldest one percentile of survival and we developed an algorithm that uses information about relatives' longevity to compute the chance of an individual surviving to extreme old age. An important step of this work is to compile large samples of pedigrees with and without long lived family members. Here, we describe our process of hand-curation of centenarian pedigrees and software that we have developed for the automated construction of such pedigrees using internet-based resources that can support the manual process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nebbia
- Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Annie Helmkamp
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy Andersen
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Perls
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Sebastiani P, Gurinovich A, Bae H, Andersen S, Malovini A, Atzmon G, Villa F, Kraja AT, Ben-Avraham D, Barzilai N, Puca A, Perls TT. Four Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify New Extreme Longevity Variants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1453-1464. [PMID: 28329165 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for the genetic determinants of extreme human longevity has been challenged by the phenotype's rarity and its nonspecific definition by investigators. To address these issues, we established a consortium of four studies of extreme longevity that contributed 2,070 individuals who survived to the oldest one percentile of survival for the 1900 U.S. birth year cohort. We conducted various analyses to discover longevity-associated variants (LAV) and characterized those LAVs that differentiate survival to extreme age at death (eSAVs) from those LAVs that become more frequent in centenarians because of mortality selection (eg, survival to younger years). The analyses identified new rare variants in chromosomes 4 and 7 associated with extreme survival and with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. The results confirm the importance of studying truly rare survival to discover those combinations of common and rare variants associated with extreme longevity and longer health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | | | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Stacy Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Israel.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Francesco Villa
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Danny Ben-Avraham
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annibale Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
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Tanaka T, Dutta A, Pilling LC, Xue L, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Bandinelli S, Wallace R, Melzer D, Ferrucci L. Genome-wide Association Study of Parental Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1407-1410. [PMID: 27816938 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Having longer lived parents has been shown to be an important predictor of health trajectories and life span. As such, parental life span is an important phenotype that may uncover genes that affect longevity. Methods A genome-wide association study of parental life span in participants of European and African ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study was conducted. Results A genome-wide significant association was observed for rs35715456 (log10BF = 6.3) on chromosome 18 for the dichotomous trait of having at least one long-lived parent versus not having any long-lived parent. This association was not replicated in an independent sample from the InCHIANTI and Framingham Heart Study. The most significant association among single nucleotide polymorphisms in longevity candidate genes (APOE, MINIPP1, FOXO3, EBF1, CAMKIV, and OTOL1) was observed in the EBF1 gene region (rs17056207, p = .0002). Conclusions A promising genetic signal for parental life span was identified but was not replicated in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ambarish Dutta
- Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts.,Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
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40
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Eline Slagboom P, van den Berg N, Deelen J. Phenome and genome based studies into human ageing and longevity: An overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2742-2751. [PMID: 28951210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is an extremely personal process leading across the life course of individuals to large population heterogeneity in the decline of functional capacity, health and lifespan. The extremes of this process are witnessed by the healthy vital 100-year-olds on one end and the 60-year-olds suffering from multiple morbid conditions on the other end of the spectrum. Molecular studies into the basis of this heterogeneity have focused on a range of endpoints and methodological approaches. The phenotype definitions most prominently investigated in these studies are either lifespan-related or biomarker based indices of the biological ageing rate of individuals and their tissues. Unlike for many complex, age-related diseases, consensus on the ultimate set of multi-biomarker ageing or lifespan-related phenotypes for genetic and genomic studies has not been reached yet. Comparable to animal models, hallmarks of age-related disease risk, healthy ageing and longevity include immune and metabolic pathways. Potentially novel genomic regions and pathways have been identified among many (epi)genomic studies into chronological age and studies into human lifespan regulation, with APOE and FOXO3A representing yet the most robust loci. Functional analysis of a handful of genes in cell-based and animal models is ongoing. The way forward in human ageing and longevity studies seems through improvements in the interpretation of the biology of the genome, in application of computational and systems biology, integration with animal models and by harmonization of repeated phenotypic and omics measures in longitudinal and intervention studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Model Systems of Aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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41
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Sebastiani P, Bae H, Gurinovich A, Soerensen M, Puca A, Perls TT. Limitations and risks of meta-analyses of longevity studies. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:139-146. [PMID: 28143747 PMCID: PMC5533653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Searching for genetic determinants of human longevity has been challenged by the rarity of data sets with large numbers of individuals who have reached extreme old age, inconsistent definitions of the phenotype, and the difficulty of defining appropriate controls. Meta-analysis - a statistical method to summarize results from different studies - has become a common tool in genetic epidemiology to accrue large sample sizes for powerful genetic association studies. In conducting a meta-analysis of studies of human longevity however, particular attention must be made to the definition of cases and controls (including their health status) and on the effect of possible confounders such as sex and ethnicity upon the genetic effect to be estimated. We will show examples of how a meta-analysis can inflate the false negative rates of genetic association studies or it can bias estimates of the association between a genetic variant and extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 151 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States.
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9 B, St., 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Annibale Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan (Mi), Italy; University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, 88 E Newton St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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42
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Elahi E, Zhang L, Abid M, Javed MT, Xinru H. Direct and indirect effects of wastewater use and herd environment on the occurrence of animal diseases and animal health in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6819-6832. [PMID: 28092000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater for rearing domestic animals is a common phenomenon in most of the developing countries like Pakistan that face a serious shortage of freshwater resources. However, most of the literature has only focused on the indirect effects of wastewater use on animal health or productivity, and literature on the direct effects of wastewater use is rare. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of wastewater usage on the prevalence of animal diseases and animal health in Pakistan. The study is based on a household-level survey of 360 domestic water buffalo herds collected from 12 districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. We tested the prevalence of the animal's diseases, animal's health, and wastewater-use preference with various econometric tools, such as the Poisson, negative binomial, and logistic regressions. The findings of the study show that the majority of the farmers use wastewater for buffalo bathing due to the shortage of freshwater resources. Results explore the prevalence of diseases such as clinical mastitis, tick infestation, and foot and mouth disease at the farm level significantly associated with buffalo bathing in the wastewater. Moreover, bathing in wastewater pre- and post-milking also plays a role in the occurrence of diseases. Particularly, if the buffalo's access to wastewater for bathing is within 60 min after milking, the probability of the animals being exposed to mastitis is higher. Furthermore, on investigation, a number of factors are found, such as the distance to the water source, power shortage, groundwater availability, and the education of farmers that influence farmers' behavior of letting their animals take a bath in wastewater. Moreover, the use of different preventive measures improves the animal's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Elahi
- College of Economics and Management, Department of Agricultural Economics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Department of Agricultural Economics, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Research Group Climate Change and Security (CLISEC), Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 7, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Integrated Climate System Sciences (SICSS), University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Han Xinru
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
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Zeng Y, Feng Q, Gu D, Vaupel JW. Demographics, phenotypic health characteristics and genetic analysis of centenarians in China. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:86-97. [PMID: 28040447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After a brief introduction to the background, significance and unique features of the centenarian population in China, we describe the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS), which is the world's largest study of centenarians, nonagenarians, octogenarians, and compatible young-old aged 65-79. Based on the CLHLS data and other relevant studies, we summarize demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as self-reported and objectively-tested health indicators of centenarians in China, with an emphasis on gender differences and rural/urban disparities. We then compare five-year-age-specific trajectories of physical and cognitive functions, self-reported health, and life satisfactions from ages 65-69 to 100+, concluding that good psychological resilience and optimism are keys to the exceptional longevity enjoyed by centenarians. We discuss recent findings of novel loci and pathways that are significantly associated with longevity based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the CLHLS centenarian sample, which is 2.7 times as large as prior GWAS of longevity. We also highlight colleagues' and our own studies on longevity candidate genes and gene-environment interaction analyses. Finally, we discuss limitations inherent in our studies of centenarians in China and further research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Medical School of Duke University, United States; Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University, China.
| | - Qiushi Feng
- Department of Sociology & Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danan Gu
- United Nations Population Division, United States
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Rocca B, Husted S. Safety of Antithrombotic Agents in Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Drugs Aging 2016; 33:233-48. [PMID: 26941087 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-016-0359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There are unique challenges in the treatment and prevention of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with antithrombotics in elderly patients: elderly patients usually require multiple drugs due to comorbidities, are highly susceptible to adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions, may have cognitive problems affecting compliance and complications, are especially exposed to the risk of falls and, most importantly, ageing is an independent risk factor for bleeding. Antithrombotic drugs, alone or in association, further and variously amplify age-related bleeding risk. Moreover, age-related changes in primary haemostasis may potentially affect the pharmacodynamics of some antiplatelet drugs. Thus, elderly subjects might be more or less sensitive to standard antiplatelet regimens depending on individual characteristics affecting antiplatelet drug response. Importantly, elderly patients are a rapidly growing population worldwide, have the highest incidence of ACS, but are poorly represented in clinical trials. As a consequence, evidence on antithrombotic drug benefits and risks is limited. Thus, in the real-world setting, older people are often denied antithrombotic drugs because of unjustified concerns, or might be over-treated and exposed to excessive bleeding risk. Personalized antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients is particularly critical, to minimize risks without affecting efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Steen Husted
- Medical Department, Hospital Unit West, Herning/Holstebro and Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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45
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Pedersen JK, Elo IT, Schupf N, Perls TT, Stallard E, Yashin AI, Christensen K. The Survival of Spouses Marrying Into Longevity-Enriched Families. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 72:109-114. [PMID: 27540092 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of longevity-enriched families are an important tool to gain insight into the mechanisms of exceptionally long and healthy lives. In the Long Life Family Study, the spouses of the members of the longevity-enriched families are often used as a control group. These spouses could be expected to have better health than the background population due to shared family environment with the longevity-enriched family members and due to assortative mating. METHODS A Danish cohort study of 5,363 offspring of long-lived siblings, born 1917-1982, and 4,498 "first spouses" of these offspring. For each offspring and spouse, 10 controls were drawn from a 5% random sample of the Danish population matched on birth year and sex. Mortality was assessed for ages 20-69 years during 1968-2013 based on prospectively collected registry data. RESULTS During the 45-year follow-up period, 437 offspring deaths and 502 offspring spouse deaths were observed. Compared with the background population, the hazard ratio for male offspring was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.50) and for female offspring it was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49-0.66). For male spouses, the hazard ratio was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74), whereas for female spouses it was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54-0.76). Sensitivity analyses in restricted samples gave similar results. CONCLUSION The mortality for ages 20-69 years of spouses marrying into longevity-enriched families is substantially lower than the mortality in the background population, although long-lived siblings participation bias may have contributed to the difference. This finding has implications for the use of spouses as controls in healthy aging and longevity studies, as environmental and/or genetic overmatching may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Pedersen
- The Danish Aging Research Center .,Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Irma T Elo
- Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Sergievsky Center.,Taub Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Stallard
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center.,Department of Clinical Genetics and.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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46
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Blodgett JM, Theou O, Howlett SE, Wu FCW, Rockwood K. A frailty index based on laboratory deficits in community-dwelling men predicted their risk of adverse health outcomes. Age Ageing 2016; 45:463-8. [PMID: 27076524 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND abnormal laboratory test results accumulate with age and can be common in people with few clinically detectable health deficits. A frailty index (FI) based entirely on common physiological and laboratory tests (FI-Lab) might offer pragmatic and scientific advantages compared with a clinical FI (FI-Clin). OBJECTIVES to compare the FI-Lab with the FI-Clin and to assess their individual and combined relationships with mortality and other adverse health outcomes. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS secondary analysis of the eight-centre, longitudinal European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) of community-dwelling men aged 40-79 at baseline. Follow-up assessment occurred 4.4 ± 0.3 (mean ± SD) years later. METHODS we constructed a 23-item FI using common laboratory tests, blood pressure and pulse (FI-Lab), compared it with a previously validated 39-item FI using self-report and performance-based measures (FI-Clin) and finally combined both FIs to create a 62-item FI-Combined. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, institutionalisation, doctor visits, medication use, self-reported health, falls and fractures. RESULTS the mean FI-Lab score was 0.28 ± 0.11, the FI-Clin was 0.13 ± 0.11 and FI-Combined was 0.19 ± 0.09. Age-adjusted models demonstrated that each FI was associated with mortality [HR (CI) FI-Lab: 1.04 (1.03-1.06); FI-Clin: 1.05 (1.04-1.06); FI-Combined: 1.07 (1.06-1.09)], institutionalisation, doctor visits, medication use, self-reported health and falls. Combined in a model with FI-Clin, the FI-Lab remained independently associated with mortality, institutionalisation, doctor visits, medication use and self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS the FI-Lab detected an increased risk of adverse health outcomes alone and in combination with a clinical FI; further evaluation of the feasibility of the FI-Lab as a frailty screening tool within hospital care settings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Andrology Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olga Theou
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, Developmental and Regenerative Biomedicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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47
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Sharrow DJ, Anderson JJ. A Twin Protection Effect? Explaining Twin Survival Advantages with a Two-Process Mortality Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154774. [PMID: 27192433 PMCID: PMC4871430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin studies that focus on the correlation in age-at-death between twin pairs have yielded important insights into the heritability and role of genetic factors in determining lifespan, but less attention is paid to the biological and social role of zygosity itself in determining survival across the entire life course. Using data from the Danish Twin Registry and the Human Mortality Database, we show that monozygotic twins have greater cumulative survival proportions at nearly every age compared to dizygotic twins and the Danish general population. We examine this survival advantage by fitting these data with a two-process mortality model that partitions survivorship patterns into extrinsic and intrinsic mortality processes roughly corresponding to acute, environmental and chronic, biological origins. We find intrinsic processes confer a survival advantage at older ages for males, while at younger ages, all monozygotic twins show a health protection effect against extrinsic death akin to a marriage protection effect. While existing research suggests an increasingly important role for genetic factors at very advanced ages, we conclude that the social closeness of monozygotic twins is a plausible driver of the survival advantage at ages <65.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Sharrow
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James J. Anderson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Brodaty H, Woolf C, Andersen S, Barzilai N, Brayne C, Cheung KSL, Corrada MM, Crawford JD, Daly C, Gondo Y, Hagberg B, Hirose N, Holstege H, Kawas C, Kaye J, Kochan NA, Lau BHP, Lucca U, Marcon G, Martin P, Poon LW, Richmond R, Robine JM, Skoog I, Slavin MJ, Szewieczek J, Tettamanti M, Viña J, Perls T, Sachdev PS. ICC-dementia (International Centenarian Consortium - dementia): an international consortium to determine the prevalence and incidence of dementia in centenarians across diverse ethnoracial and sociocultural groups. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:52. [PMID: 27098177 PMCID: PMC4839126 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable variability exists in international prevalence and incidence estimates of dementia. The accuracy of estimates of dementia in the oldest-old and the controversial question of whether dementia incidence and prevalence decline at very old age will be crucial for better understanding the dynamics between survival to extreme old age and the occurrence and risk for various types of dementia and comorbidities. International Centenarian Consortium – Dementia (ICC-Dementia) seeks to harmonise centenarian and near-centenarian studies internationally to describe the cognitive and functional profiles of exceptionally old individuals, and ascertain the trajectories of decline and thereby the age-standardised prevalence and incidence of dementia in this population. The primary goal of the ICC-Dementia is to establish a large and thorough heterogeneous sample that has the power to answer epidemiological questions that small, separate studies cannot. A secondary aim is to examine cohort-specific effects and differential survivorship into very old age. We hope to lay the foundation for further investigation into risk and protective factors for dementia and healthy exceptional brain ageing in centenarians across diverse ethnoracial and sociocultural groups. Methods Studies focusing on individuals aged ≥95 years (approximately the oldest 1 percentile for men, oldest 5th percentile for women), with a minimum sample of 80 individuals, including assessment of cognition and functional status, are invited to participate. There are currently seventeen member or potential member studies from Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Oceania. Initial attempts at harmonising key variables are in progress. Discussion General challenges facing large, international consortia like ICC-Dementia include timely and effective communication among member studies, ethical and practical issues relating to human subject studies and data sharing, and the challenges related to data harmonisation. A specific challenge for ICC-Dementia relates to the concept and definition of’abnormal’ in this exceptional group of individuals who are rarely free of physical, sensory and/or cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudia Woolf
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Psychogeriatric Mental Health and Dementia Service, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Stacy Andersen
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen Siu-Lan Cheung
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - John D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catriona Daly
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Bo Hagberg
- Gerontology Research Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Centre for Supercentenarian Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Centre, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Kawas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Bobo Hi-Po Lau
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ugo Lucca
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marcon
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,AAS 1 Triestina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Leonard W Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robyn Richmond
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Marie Robine
- National Institute on Health and Medical Research, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa J Slavin
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jan Szewieczek
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Perls
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
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No Association between Variation in Longevity Candidate Genes and Aging-related Phenotypes in Oldest-old Danes. Exp Gerontol 2016; 78:57-61. [PMID: 26946122 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored the association between aging-related phenotypes previously reported to predict survival in old age and variation in 77 genes from the DNA repair pathway, 32 genes from the growth hormone 1/ insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin (GH/IGF-1/INS) signalling pathway and 16 additional genes repeatedly considered as candidates for human longevity: APOE, APOA4, APOC3, ACE, CETP, HFE, IL6, IL6R, MTHFR, TGFB1, SIRTs 1, 3, 6; and HSPAs 1A, 1L, 14. Altogether, 1,049 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 1,088 oldest-old (age 92-93 years) Danes and analysed with phenotype data on physical functioning (hand grip strength), cognitive functioning (mini mental state examination and a cognitive composite score), activity of daily living and self-rated health. Five SNPs showed association to one of the phenotypes; however, none of these SNPs were associated with a change in the relevant phenotype over time (7 years of follow-up) and none of the SNPs could be confirmed in a replication sample of 1,281 oldest-old Danes (age 94-100). Hence, our study does not support association between common variation in the investigated longevity candidate genes and aging-related phenotypes consistently shown to predict survival. It is possible that larger sample sizes are needed to robustly reveal associations with small effect sizes.
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Novel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21243. [PMID: 26912274 PMCID: PMC4766491 DOI: 10.1038/srep21243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Only two genome-wide significant loci associated with longevity have been identified so far, probably because of insufficient sample sizes of centenarians, whose genomes may harbor genetic variants associated with health and longevity. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Han Chinese with a sample size 2.7 times the largest previously published GWAS on centenarians. We identified 11 independent loci associated with longevity replicated in Southern-Northern regions of China, including two novel loci (rs2069837-IL6; rs2440012-ANKRD20A9P) with genome-wide significance and the rest with suggestive significance (P < 3.65 × 10(-5)). Eight independent SNPs overlapped across Han Chinese, European and U.S. populations, and APOE and 5q33.3 were replicated as longevity loci. Integrated analysis indicates four pathways (starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism; immune response and inflammation; MAPK; calcium signaling) highly associated with longevity (P ≤ 0.006) in Han Chinese. The association with longevity of three of these four pathways (MAPK; immunity; calcium signaling) is supported by findings in other human cohorts. Our novel finding on the association of starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism pathway with longevity is consistent with the previous results from Drosophilia. This study suggests protective mechanisms including immunity and nutrient metabolism and their interactions with environmental stress play key roles in human longevity.
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