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Odden MC, Li Y, Jotwani V, Dobrota S, Tan AX, Cummings SR, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Ix JH, Buckwalter MS, Tranah GJ. Joint and Individual Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Cognitive Outcomes in Black and White Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae170. [PMID: 39007867 PMCID: PMC11345514 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction manifests in neurodegenerative diseases and other age-associated disorders. In this study, we examined variation in inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences in Black and White participants from 2 large aging studies to identify variants related to cognitive function. METHODS Participants included self-reported Black and White adults aged ≥70 years in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE; N = 1 319) and Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC; N = 788) studies. Cognitive function was measured by the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) at baseline and over follow-up in LIFE (3.6 years) and Health ABC (10 years). We examined the joint effects of multiple variants across 16 functional mitochondrial regions with cognitive function using a sequence kernel association test. Based on these results, we prioritized meta-analysis of common variants in Black and White participants using mixed effects models. A Bonferroni-adjusted p value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Joint variation in subunits ND1, ND2, and ND5 of Complex I, 12S RNA, and hypervariable region (HVR) were significantly associated with DSST and 3MSE at baseline. In meta-analyses among Black participants, variant m.4216T>C, ND1 was associated with a faster decline in 3MSE, and variant m.462C>T in the HVR was associated with a slower decline in DSST. Variant m.5460G>C, ND2 was associated with slower and m.182C>T in the HVR was associated with faster decline in 3MSE in White participants. CONCLUSIONS Among Black and White adults, oxidative phosphorylation Complex I variants were associated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vasantha Jotwani
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sylvie Dobrota
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Annabel X Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Scherzer
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Phua QH, Ng SY, Soh BS. Mitochondria: A Potential Rejuvenation Tool against Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:503-516. [PMID: 37815912 PMCID: PMC10917551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process encompassing both physical and cognitive decline over time. This intricate process is governed by a multitude of hallmarks and pathways, which collectively contribute to the emergence of numerous age-related diseases. In response to the remarkable increase in human life expectancy, there has been a substantial rise in research focusing on the development of anti-aging therapies and pharmacological interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a critical factor in the aging process, significantly impacts overall cellular health. In this extensive review, we will explore the contemporary landscape of anti-aging strategies, placing particular emphasis on the promising potential of mitotherapy as a ground-breaking approach to counteract the aging process. Moreover, we will investigate the successful application of mitochondrial transplantation in both animal models and clinical trials, emphasizing its translational potential. Finally, we will discuss the inherent challenges and future possibilities of mitotherapy within the realm of aging research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Department of Physiology), Singapore.
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Gladyshev VN, Kritchevsky SB, Clarke SG, Cuervo AM, Fiehn O, de Magalhães JP, Mau T, Maes M, Moritz R, Niedernhofer LJ, Van Schaftingen E, Tranah GJ, Walsh K, Yura Y, Zhang B, Cummings SR. Molecular Damage in Aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1096-1106. [PMID: 36846190 PMCID: PMC9957516 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism generates molecular damage affecting all levels of biological organization. Accumulation of this damage over time is thought to play a central role in the aging process, but damage manifests in diverse molecular forms complicating its assessment. Insufficient attention has been paid to date to the role of molecular damage in aging-related phenotypes, particularly in humans, in part because of the difficulty in measuring its various forms. Recently, omics approaches have been developed that begin to address this challenge, because they are able to assess a sizeable proportion of age-related damage at the level of small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, organelles and cells. This review describes the concept of molecular damage in aging and discusses its diverse aspects from theoretical models to experimental approaches. Measurement of multiple types of damage enables studies of the role of damage in human aging outcomes and lays a foundation for testing interventions to reduce the burden of molecular damage, opening new approaches to slowing aging and reducing its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Brenowitz WD, Kaup AR, Yaffe K. Incident dementia and faster rates of cognitive decline are associated with worse multisensory function summary scores. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1384-1392. [PMID: 32657033 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We created a summary score for multiple sensory (multisensory) impairment and evaluated its association with dementia. METHODS We studied 1794 adults aged 70 to 79 who were dementia-free at enrollment and followed for up to 10 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. The multisensory function score (0 to 12 points) was based on sample quartiles of objectively measured vision, hearing, smell, and touch summed overall. Risk of incident dementia and cognitive decline (measured by two cognitive tests) associated with the score were assessed in regression models adjusting for demographics and health conditions. RESULTS Dementia risk was 2.05 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-2.81) comparing "poor" to "good" multisensory score tertiles and 1.45 times higher comparing the "middle" to "good" tertiles (95% CI 1.09-1.91). Each point worse in the multisensory function score was associated with faster rates of cognitive decline (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Worsening multisensory function, even at mild levels, was associated with accelerated cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allison R Kaup
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The Neurology Center of Southern California, Carlsbad, California, USA.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Abstract
Mitochondria play various important roles in energy production, metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to the initiation and progression of cancers and other diseases. These alterations include mutations and copy number variations. Especially, the mutations in D-loop, MT-ND1, and MT-ND5 affect mitochondrial functions and are widely detected in various cancers. Meanwhile, several other mutations have been correlated with muscular and neuronal diseases, especially MT-TL1 is deeply related. These pieces of evidence indicated mtDNA alterations in diseases show potential as a novel therapeutic target. mtDNA repair enzymes are the target for delaying or stalling the mtDNA damage-induced cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, some mutations reveal a prognosis ability of the drug resistance. Current efforts aim to develop mitochondrial transplantation technique as a direct cure for deregulated mitochondria-associated diseases. This review summarizes the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancers and other pathologies; and discusses the relevance of mitochondria-targeted therapies, along with their contribution as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Ngo Yen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Buford TW, Manini TM, Kairalla JA, McDermott MM, Vaz Fragoso CA, Chen H, Fielding RA, King AC, Newman AB, Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variants Associated With Blood Pressure Among 2 Cohorts of Older Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010009. [PMID: 30371200 PMCID: PMC6222953 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Age‐related changes in blood pressure are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes. Genetic factors are proposed contributors to age‐related increases in blood pressure, but few genetic loci have been identified. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation in blood pressure by sequencing the mitochondrial genome. Methods and Results Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data from 1755 participants from the LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) studies and 788 participants from the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study were evaluated using replication analysis followed by meta‐analysis. Participants were aged ≥69 years, of diverse racial backgrounds, and assessed for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. After meta‐analysis across the LIFE and Health ABC studies, statistically significant associations of mtDNA variants with higher SBP (m.3197T>C, 16S rRNA; P=0.0005) and mean arterial pressure (m.15924A>G, t‐RNA‐thr; P=0.004) were identified in white participants. Among black participants, statistically significant associations with higher SBP (m.93A>G, HVII; m.16183A>C, HVI; both P=0.0001) and mean arterial pressure (m.16172T>C, HVI; m.16183A>C, HVI; m.16189T>C, HVI; m.12705C>T; all P's<0.0004) were observed. Significant pooled effects on SBP were observed across all transfer RNA regions (P=0.0056) in white participants. The individual and aggregate variant results are statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for the number of mtDNA variants and mitochondrial regions examined. Conclusions These results suggest that mtDNA‐encoded variants are associated with variation in SBP and mean arterial pressure among older adults. These results may help identify mitochondrial activities to explain differences in blood pressure in older adults and generate new hypotheses surrounding mtDNA variation and the regulation of blood pressure. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01072500 and NCT00116194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Buford
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Todd M Manini
- 2 Department of Aging and Geriatric Research University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - John A Kairalla
- 3 Department of Biostatistics University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Mary M McDermott
- 4 Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | | | - Haiying Chen
- 7 Department of Biostatistical Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
| | - Roger A Fielding
- 8 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Abby C King
- 9 Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Prevention Research Center Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Anne B Newman
- 10 Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh PA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- 11 California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco San Francisco CA
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7
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Brinkley TE, Berger M, Callahan KE, Fieo RA, Jennings LA, Morris JK, Wilkins HM, Kritchevsky SB. Workshop on Synergies Between Alzheimer's Research and Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics: Current Status and Future Directions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1229-1237. [PMID: 29982466 PMCID: PMC6454460 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the strongest risk factor for physical disability and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. As such, other aging-related risk factors are also shared by these two health conditions. However, clinical geriatrics and gerontology research has included cognition and depression in models of physical disability, with less attention to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. Similarly, AD research generally incorporates limited, if any, measures of physical function and mobility, and therefore often fails to consider the relevance of functional limitations in neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that common pathways lead to physical disability and cognitive impairment, which jointly contribute to the aging phenotype. Collaborations between researchers focusing on the brain or body will be critical to developing, refining, and testing research paradigms emerging from a better understanding of the aging process and the interacting pathways contributing to both physical and cognitive disability. The National Institute of Aging sponsored a workshop to bring together the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center and AD Center programs to explore areas of synergies between the research concerns of the two programs. This article summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and presents key gaps and research priorities at the intersection of AD and clinical aging research identified by the workshop participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina E Brinkley
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Miles Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Robert A Fieo
- Department of Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Lee A Jennings
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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8
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA. Low Heteroplasmy Rates of Pathogenic mtDNA Variants Do Not Predict Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1025-1026. [PMID: 30561522 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurological Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Brenowitz WD, Kaup AR, Lin FR, Yaffe K. Multiple Sensory Impairment Is Associated With Increased Risk of Dementia Among Black and White Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:890-896. [PMID: 30452551 PMCID: PMC6521912 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined impairment in multiple senses (multisensory impairment) and risk of dementia in comparison to having a single or no sensory impairment. METHODS We studied 1,810 black and white nondemented participants from Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study aged 70-79 years at enrollment. Sensory impairment was determined at our study baseline (Year 3-5 of Health ABC) using established cut points for vision (Bailey-Lovie visual acuity and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test), hearing (audiometric testing), smell (12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test), and touch (peripheral nerve function tests). Incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up was based on hospitalization records, dementia medications, or at least 1.5 SD decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score (race-specific). Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, and health conditions evaluated the relationship between risk of dementia and increasing number of sensory impairments. RESULTS Sensory impairments were common: 28% had visual impairment, 35% had hearing loss, 22% had poor smell, 12% had touch insensitivity; 26% had more than two impairments, and 5.6% had more than three sensory impairments. Number of impairments was associated with risk of dementia in a graded fashion (p < .001). Compared to no sensory impairments, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) for one sensory impairment, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.63) for two sensory impairments, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.88, 4.30) for more than three sensory impairments. CONCLUSIONS Multisensory impairment was strongly associated with increased risk of dementia. Although, the nature of this relationship needs further investigation, sensory function assessment in multiple domains may help identify patients at high risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Allison R Kaup
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, California
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Frank R Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, California
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
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10
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Manini TM, Buford TW, Kairalla JA, McDermott MM, Vaz Fragoso CA, Fielding RA, Hsu FC, Johannsen N, Kritchevsky S, Harris TB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, King AC, Pahor M, Santanasto AJ, Tranah GJ. Meta-analysis identifies mitochondrial DNA sequence variants associated with walking speed. GeroScience 2018; 40:497-511. [PMID: 30338417 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in walking speed are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes including disability, comorbidity, and mortality. While genetic factors are putative contributors to variability in walking, few genetic loci have been identified for this trait. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation on walking speed by sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Data were meta-analyzed from 1758 Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study and replication data from 730 Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study participants with baseline walking speed information. Participants were 69+ years old of diverse racial backgrounds (African, European, and other race/ethnic groups) and had a wide range of mean walking speeds [4-6 m (0.78-1.09 m/s) and 400 m (0.83-1.24 m/s)]. Meta-analysis across studies and racial groups showed that m.12705C>T, ND5 variant was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with walking speed at both short and long distances. Replication and meta-analysis also identified statistically significant walking speed associations (p < 0.0001) between the m.5460.G>A, ND2 and m.309C>CT, HV2 variants at short and long distances, respectively. All results remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for 499 mtDNA variants. The m.12705C>T variant can be traced to the beginnings of human global migration and that cells carrying this variant display altered tRNA expression. Significant pooled effects related to stopping during the long-distance walk test were observed across OXPHOS complexes I (p = 0.0017) and III (p = 0.0048). These results suggest that mtDNA-encoded variants are associated with differences in walking speed among older adults, potentially identifying those at risk of developing mobility impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John A Kairalla
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary M McDermott
- General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Vaz Fragoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- The Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Neil Johannsen
- Preventive Medicine Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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11
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Tranah GJ, Maglione JE, Yaffe K, Katzman SM, Manini TM, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB, Harris TB, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA m.13514G>A heteroplasmy is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1319-1326. [PMID: 29984425 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is a mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA molecules in a cell. High levels of heteroplasmy at several mtDNA sites in complex I lead to inherited neurological neurologic diseases and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Here, we test the hypothesis that mtDNA heteroplasmy at these complex I sites is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHODS We examined platelet mtDNA heteroplasmy for associations with depressive symptoms among 137 participants over age 70 from the community-based Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-point version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). Complete mtDNA sequencing was performed and heteroplasmy derived for 5 mtDNA sites associated with neurologic mitochondrial diseases and tested for associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of 5 candidate complex I mtDNA mutations examined for effects on depressive symptoms, increased heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G, ND5, was significantly associated with higher CES-D score (P = .01). A statistically significant interaction between m.13514A > G heteroplasmy and sex was detected (P = .04); in sex-stratified analyses, the impact of m.13514A>G heteroplasmy was stronger in male (P = .003) than in female (P = .98) participants. Men in highest tertile of mtDNA heteroplasmy exhibited significantly higher (P = .0001) mean ± SE CES-D 10 scores, 5.37 ± 0.58, when compared with those in the middle, 2.13 ± 0.52, and lowest tertiles, 2.47 ± 0.58. No associations between the 4 other candidate sites and depressive symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Increased mtDNA heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G is associated with depressive symptoms in older men. Heteroplasmy may represent a novel biological risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne E Maglione
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Tranah GJ, Katzman SM, Lauterjung K, Yaffe K, Manini TM, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB, Harris TB, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G heteroplasmy affects multiple aging phenotypes and risk of mortality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11887. [PMID: 30089816 PMCID: PMC6082898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain many copies of a circular DNA molecule (mtDNA), which has been observed as a mixture of normal and mutated states known as heteroplasmy. Elevated heteroplasmy at a single mtDNA site, m.3243A > G, leads to neurologic, sensory, movement, metabolic, and cardiopulmonary impairments. We measured leukocyte mtDNA m.3243A > G heteroplasmy in 789 elderly men and women from the bi-racial, population-based Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study to identify associations with age-related functioning and mortality. Mutation burden for the m.3243A > G ranged from 0-19% and elevated heteroplasmy was associated with reduced strength, cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular functioning. Risk of all-cause, dementia and stroke mortality was significantly elevated for participants in the highest tertiles of m.3243A > G heteroplasmy. These results indicate that the accumulation of a rare genetic disease mutation, m.3243A > G, manifests as several aging outcomes and that some diseases of aging may be attributed to the accumulation of mtDNA damage.
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Grants
- R01-NR012459 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- R01 HL121023 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01-AG-6-2106 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- R01-HL121023 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P30 AG028740 NIA NIH HHS
- Z01A6000932 Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)
- R03-AG032498 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- R01-AG028050 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- R01 NR012459 NINR NIH HHS
- R03 AG032498 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG028050 NIA NIH HHS
- This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging, Contracts N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, and N01-AG-6-2106; National Institutes of Health grants R01-AG028050, R03-AG032498, R01-NR012459, Z01A6000932, R01-HL121023, and a grant from the Research and Education Leadership Committee of the CPMC Foundation and the L. K. Whittier Foundation.
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | | | - Kevin Lauterjung
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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13
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Infantile-onset deafness in m.7445A>G carriers may be multicausal. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111:192-193. [PMID: 29921456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Response to "infantile-onset deafness in m.7445A>G carriers may be multicausal". Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111:194. [PMID: 29934116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Mitochondria, its DNA and telomeres in ageing and human population. Biogerontology 2018; 19:189-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Petschner P, Gonda X, Baksa D, Eszlari N, Trivaks M, Juhasz G, Bagdy G. Genes Linking Mitochondrial Function, Cognitive Impairment and Depression are Associated with Endophenotypes Serving Precision Medicine. Neuroscience 2018; 370:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Herbst A, Widjaja K, Nguy B, Lushaj EB, Moore TM, Hevener AL, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Wanagat J. Digital PCR Quantitation of Muscle Mitochondrial DNA: Age, Fiber Type, and Mutation-Induced Changes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1327-1333. [PMID: 28460005 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive quantitation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA deletion mutation abundances would help clarify the role of mtDNA instability in aging. To more accurately quantify mtDNA, we applied the emerging technique of digital polymerase chain reaction to individual muscle fibers and muscle homogenates from aged rodents. Individual fiber mtDNA content correlated with fiber type and decreased with age. We adapted a digital polymerase chain reaction deletion assay that was accurate in mixing experiments to a mutation frequency of 0.03% and quantitated an age-induced increase in deletion frequency from rat muscle homogenates. Importantly, the deletion frequency measured in muscle homogenates strongly correlated with electron transport chain-deficient fiber abundance determined by histochemical analyses. These data clarify the temporal accumulation of mtDNA deletions that lead to electron chain-deficient fibers, a process culminating in muscle fiber loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Beatrice Nguy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Entela B Lushaj
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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18
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Li H, Shen L, Hu P, Huang R, Cao Y, Deng J, Yuan W, Liu D, Yang J, Gu H, Bai Y. Aging-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations alter oxidative phosphorylation machinery and cause mitochondrial dysfunctions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2266-2273. [PMID: 28559044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study generated a series of cybrids containing mitochondria of synaptosomes from mice at different ages. The following functional analysis on these cybrids revealed an age-dependent decline of mitochondrial function. To understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, we focused on three cybrids carrying mitochondria derived from synaptosomes of the old mice that exhibited severe respiratory deficiencies. In particular, we started with a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genome by high resolution, high sensitive deep sequencing method. Compared with young control, we detected a significant accumulation of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations. These mutations included six alterations in main control region that has been shown to regulate overall gene-expression, and four alterations in protein coding region, two of which led to significant changes in complex I subunit ND5 and complex III subunit CytB. Interestingly, a reduced mtDNA-encoded protein synthesis was associated with the changes in the main control region. Likewise, mutations in ND5 and CytB were associated with defects in assembly of respiratory complexes. Altogether, the identified age-dependent accumulation of mtDNA mutations in mouse brain likely contributes to the decline in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Luxi Shen
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Peiqing Hu
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Janice Deng
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Weihua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Danhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yidong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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19
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Tyrrell DJ, Bharadwaj MS, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Molina AJA. Blood cell respirometry is associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle bioenergetics: Implications for a minimally invasive biomarker of mitochondrial health. Redox Biol 2016; 10:65-77. [PMID: 27693859 PMCID: PMC5045569 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood based bioenergetic profiling strategies are emerging as potential reporters of systemic mitochondrial function; however, the extent to which these measures reflect the bioenergetic capacity of other tissues is not known. The premise of this work is that highly metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, are susceptible to differences in systemic bioenergetic capacity. Therefore, we tested whether the respiratory capacity of blood cells, monocytes and platelets, are related to contemporaneous respirometric assessments of skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria. 18 female vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) of varying age and metabolic status were examined for this study. Monocyte and platelet maximal capacity correlated with maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of permeabilized skeletal muscle (R=0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.97; R=0.51, 95%CI: 0.05-0.81; respectively), isolated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR; R=0.70, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89; R=0.64, 95%CI: 0.23-0.98; respectively), and isolated cardiac muscle mitochondrial RCR (R=0.55, 95%CI: 0.22-0.86; R=0.58, 95%CI: 0.22-0.85; respectively). These results suggest that blood based bioenergetic profiling may be used to report on the bioenergetic capacity of muscle tissues. Blood cell respirometry represents an attractive alternative to tissue based assessments of mitochondrial function in human studies based on ease of access and the minimal participant burden required by these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tyrrell
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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20
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da Costa JP, Vitorino R, Silva GM, Vogel C, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. A synopsis on aging-Theories, mechanisms and future prospects. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:90-112. [PMID: 27353257 PMCID: PMC5991498 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Answering the question as to why we age is tantamount to answering the question of what is life itself. There are countless theories as to why and how we age, but, until recently, the very definition of aging - senescence - was still uncertain. Here, we summarize the main views of the different models of senescence, with a special emphasis on the biochemical processes that accompany aging. Though inherently complex, aging is characterized by numerous changes that take place at different levels of the biological hierarchy. We therefore explore some of the most relevant changes that take place during aging and, finally, we overview the current status of emergent aging therapies and what the future holds for this field of research. From this multi-dimensional approach, it becomes clear that an integrative approach that couples aging research with systems biology, capable of providing novel insights into how and why we age, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gustavo M Silva
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NY, NY 10003, USA
| | - Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NY, NY 10003, USA
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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21
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Mitophagy plays a central role in mitochondrial ageing. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:381-95. [PMID: 27352213 PMCID: PMC4935730 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ageing have been discussed for decades, and advances in molecular and cell biology of the last three decades have accelerated research in this area. Over this period, it has become clear that mitochondrial function, which plays a major role in many cellular pathways from ATP production to nuclear gene expression and epigenetics alterations, declines with age. The emerging concepts suggest novel mechanisms, involving mtDNA quality, mitochondrial dynamics or mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we discuss the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process, the role of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species production, in nuclear gene expression, the accumulation of mtDNA damage and the importance of mitochondrial dynamics and recycling. Declining mitophagy (mitochondrial quality control) may be an important component of human ageing.
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