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Liang Y. Life course socioeconomic status, chronic pain, and the mediating role of allostatic load: findings from the midlife in the United States. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365105. [PMID: 38562255 PMCID: PMC10982432 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to chronic pain (CP); however, the mechanisms by which SES over the life course influences downstream CP outcomes remain unclear. Methods This study utilizes data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, a prospective sample of community-dwelling individuals (N=781), to investigate the chain of risk additive model of SES in relation to CP. Additionally, the study examines the mediating role of allostatic load (AL) in the relationship between life course SES and CP. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to capture the multidimensionality of life course SES and path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects on CP. AL was computed by quartile-based summation and by latent class analysis. Results Results indicated lower SES in MIDUS 2 was associated with greater high-interference CP odds in MIDUS 3 (OR=1.069, 95% CI=1.006-1.136, P < 0.05) and no association was found between distal SES and levels of CP interference. Similarly, no significant relationship was observed between SES and the number of CP locations. Additionally, no additive effects of SES were found, and AL did not present mediation effects on the association between life course SES and CP. Discussion The present study emphasizes the importance of directly proximal effects of SES on CP, underscoring the need for equitable distribution of health resources and the implementation of policies focused on diminishing socioeconomic inequalities. Further research is needed to examine alternative pathways by which proximal SES impact CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liang
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Apsley AT, Lee SA, Bhat AC, Rush J, Almeida DM, Cole SW, Shalev I. Affective reactivity to daily stressors and immune cell gene expression in the MIDUS study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:80-88. [PMID: 37797778 PMCID: PMC10841912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective reactivity to stress is a person-level measurement of how well an individual copes with daily stressors. A common method of measuring affective reactivity entails the estimation of within-person differences of either positive or negative affect on days with and without stressors present. Individuals more reactive to common stressors, as evidenced by affective reactivity measurements, have been shown to have increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. While affective reactivity has previously been associated with inflammatory markers, the upstream mechanistic links underlying these associations are unknown. Using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher study (N = 195; 52% female; 84% white), we quantified daily stress processes over 10 days and determined individuals' positive and negative affective reactivities to stressors. We then examined affective reactivity association with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression of the immune-related conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Results indicated that individuals with a greater decrease in positive affect to daily stressors exhibited heightened PBMC JUNB expression after Bonferroni corrections (p-adjusted < 0.05). JUNB encodes a protein that acts as a transcription factor which regulates many aspects of the immune response, including inflammation and cell proliferation. Due to its critical role in the activation of macrophages and maintenance of CD4+ T-cells during inflammation, JUNB may serve as a potential upstream mechanistic target for future studies of the connection between affective reactivity and inflammatory processes. Overall, our findings provide evidence that affective reactivity to stress is associated with levels of immune cell gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner T Apsley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sun Ah Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Aarti C Bhat
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Jonathan Rush
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Steven W Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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3
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Jiang Y, Knauft KM, Richardson CME, Chung T, Wu B, Zilioli S. Age and Sex Differences in the Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors, and Physical Health in the MIDUS Study. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:942-950. [PMID: 37369129 PMCID: PMC10578394 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is robustly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Affective reactivity to daily stressors has been proposed to be a mediator for this association. However, few longitudinal studies have empirically tested the indirect effect of SES on health through affective reactivity to daily stressors. PURPOSE This study aimed to test the indirect effect of SES on physical health via affective reactivity to daily stressors over a 10-year period and to explore age and sex differences in such indirect effect. METHODS Data were drawn from a subsample of 1,522 middle-aged and older adults (34-83 years of age, 57.2% female, 83.5% White) from the Midlife in the United States study. SES (i.e., education, household income, indicators of financial distress) was assessed in 2004-2006. Affective reactivity to daily stressors was computed using data collected during the 8-day daily stress assessment in 2004-2009. Self-reported physical health conditions were assessed in 2004-2006 and 2013-2014. RESULTS There was a significant indirect effect of lower SES on more physical health conditions via elevated negative affective reactivity to daily stressors among women but not men. The indirect effect of SES on physical health conditions via negative affective reactivity to daily stressors was consistent across the middle and older adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that negative affective reactivity to daily stressors might be a key intermediate process contributing to persistent SES disparities in physical health, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy Chung
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Surachman A, Tucker-Seeley R, Almeida DM. The association between material-psychological-behavioral framework of financial hardship and markers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher cohort. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1845. [PMID: 37735377 PMCID: PMC10514981 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of financial hardship have been suggested to supplement traditional indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) to elucidate household economic well-being. This study formally tested the construct validity of financial hardship and examined its association with markers of inflammation. METHODS This study utilized data from the Midlife Development in the United States Refresher Study (MIDUS-R; Age = 23-76, 53.7% female, 71% white). Participants were divided into exploratory factor analysis (EFA; completed SAQs only; N = 2,243) and confirmatory factor analysis sample (CFA; completed SAQs and biomarker assessment; N = 863). Analysis was divided into three steps. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to examine if the three-domain factor (material, psychological, and behavioral) is the best fitting model for financial hardship measures. Second, we conducted CFA to test the hypothesized three-factor measurement model of financial hardship. Third, we tested the association between domains and the general latent factor of financial hardship and inflammation (interleukin 6/IL6, c-reactive protein/CRP, and fibrinogen). RESULTS Results from EFA supported the three-domain model of financial hardship. The hypothesized three-domain measurement model fits well in a different sample within MIDUS-R. In the models adjusted for age and sex, higher material hardship was associated with elevated IL6, CRP, and fibrinogen, while higher behavioral hardship was associated with higher CRP. The association between the material domain and IL6 remained significant after adding body mass index, education, and race as additional covariates. The second-order financial hardship measurement model was associated with IL6, CRP, and fibrinogen, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, and race. CONCLUSION Explicating the socioeconomic environment to include indicators of financial hardship can help researchers better understand the pathway between SES and the inflammation process, which may help elucidate pathways between SES and age-related chronic diseases associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Surachman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
| | | | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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5
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Lee S, Koffer R, Drewelies J. Adults Older Than Age 55 Engage in Less Diverse Activities Than Those 18 Years Ago. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1511-1520. [PMID: 36932984 PMCID: PMC10461533 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life-span perspectives have long acknowledged that individual functioning is shaped by historical and sociocultural contexts. Secular increases favoring recent cohorts are widely documented. However, little is known about secular trends in day-to-day activities and whether historical changes have occurred in younger and older adults alike. METHODS We compared data from 2 independent cohort samples of the daily diary portion of the Midlife in the United States Study obtained 18 years apart (1995/1996 cohort: n = 1,499 vs 2013/2014 cohort: n = 782) and identified case-matched cohorts (n = 757 per cohort) based on age, gender, education, and race. An activity diversity score was calculated based on 7 common daily activities, using Shannon's entropy method. We additionally examined the roles of age and other sociodemographic and health characteristics in cohort differences in activity diversity. RESULTS Results revealed that the 2013/2014 cohort experienced lower daily activity diversity than the 1995/1996 cohort. Age was positively associated with activity diversity in the 1995/1996 cohort, whereas age was negatively associated with activity diversity in the 2013/2014 cohort. These associations were significant for those who were older than age 55. Cohorts also differed in the types of most dominant activities and average time spent on those activities. DISCUSSION Findings show changes in the lifestyles and daily activities of U.S. adults across 2 decades. Contrasting to the common belief that today's adults may be healthier and more active, they seem engaging in less diverse daily activities, which can be a risk for future health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Koffer
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Mistry SK, Ali AM, Yadav UN, Huda MN, Khanam F, Kundu S, Khan JR, Hossain MB, Anwar A, Ghimire S. Change in prevalence over time and factors associated with depression among Bangladeshi older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:230-242. [PMID: 36584687 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic seriously affected both physical and mental health conditions. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of depression among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and explore the correlates of depression in pooled data. METHODS This study followed a repeated cross-sectional design and was conducted through telephone interviews on two successive occasions during the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020 and September 2021) among 2077 (1032 in 2020-survey and 1045 in 2021-survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Depression was measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with depression in pooled data. RESULTS A significant increase in the prevalence of depression was noted in the 2021 survey compared to the 2020 survey (47.2% versus 40.3%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.75). Depression was significantly higher among participants without a partner (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.45-2.53), with a monthly family income of <5000 BDT (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI 1.82-3.86) or 5000-10 000 BDT (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.65), living alone (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.40-3.61), feeling isolated (aOR 3.15, 95% CI 2.49-3.98), with poor memory/concentration (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.58-2.57), with non-communicable chronic conditions (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.69), overwhelmed by COVID-19 (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18-2.00), having difficulty earning (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15-1.92) or obtaining food (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17-2.09) during COVID-19 pandemic, communicating less frequently (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70) and needing extra care (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.75-2.96) during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers and public health practitioners should provide immediate mental health support initiatives for this vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Policymakers should also invest in creating safe places to practise mindful eating, exercise, or other refuelling activities as a means of preventing and managing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj K Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Uday N Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, Australia
| | - Fouzia Khanam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jahidur R Khan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Afsana Anwar
- Health and Nutrition, Social Assistance and Rehabilitation for the Physically Vulnerable (SARPV), Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Centre, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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7
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Hipwell AE, Fu H, Tung I, Stiller A, Keenan K. Preconception stress exposure from childhood to adolescence and birth outcomes: The impact of stress type, severity and consistency. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 4:1007788. [PMID: 36713849 PMCID: PMC9876597 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.1007788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of prenatal stress on offspring health are well established, but there remains little understanding of the influence of stress prior to conception despite known effects on biological systems that are important for a healthy pregnancy. Furthermore, operational definitions of stress vary considerably, and exposure is often characterized via summed, ordinal scales of events. We hypothesized that type, severity, and consistency of preconception stress would be associated with birthweight and gestational age (GA) at birth. Data were drawn from a subsample of participants in the 21-year longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS, N = 2,450) that has followed women annually since childhood. Prior work in the PGS derived three domains of stress exposure between ages 7-17 years related to subsistence (e.g., resource strain, overcrowding), safety (e.g., community violence, inter-adult aggression), and caregiving (e.g., separation, maternal depression). We tested the effects of dimensions of preconception stress on birthweight and GA among offspring of 490 PGS participants who delivered at age 18 or older (n = 490; 76% Black, 20% White, 4% Multiracial). Our hypotheses were partially supported with results varying by stress type and severity and by infant sex. Severity of preconception exposure to subsistence stress was prospectively associated with lower offspring birthweight (B = -146.94, SE = 69.07, 95% CI = -282.66, -11.22). The association between severity of caregiving stress in childhood and adolescence and GA at birth was moderated by infant sex (B = 0.85, SE = .41, 95% CI = 0.04, 1.66), suggesting greater vulnerability to this type of stress for male compared to female infants. Exposure to safety stressors did not predict birth outcomes. Infants of Black compared with White mothers had lower birthweight in all models regardless of preconception stress type, severity or consistency. However, we observed no moderating effects of race on preconception stress-birth outcome associations. Demonstrating specificity of associations between preconception stress exposure and prenatal health has the potential to inform preventive interventions targeting profiles of exposure to optimize birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Haoyi Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Stiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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8
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Ng MH, Lua VY, Majeed NM, Hartanto A. Does trait self-esteem serve as a protective factor in maintaining daily affective well-being? Multilevel analyses of daily diary studies in the US and Singapore. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Wardecker BM, Surachman A, Matsick JL, Almeida DM. Daily Stressor Exposure and Daily Well-Being Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults in the United States: Results from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:536-550. [PMID: 34536005 PMCID: PMC9242545 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily stress plays a significant role in mental and physical health. Negative mood (e.g., hopelessness) and physical symptoms (e.g., headaches) are responses often associated with daily stressors. It is theorized that some people or populations are more vulnerable or reactive to daily stressors. We propose sexual orientation as one factor that is associated with daily stress exposure and reactivity. PURPOSE To understand whether sexual minorities (SMs) differ from heterosexuals in their exposure and reactivity to general, non-sexual minority-specific stressors (e.g., arguments/disagreements, job concerns). METHODS We used daily diary data (n = 3,323 heterosexuals [52% identified as female and 85% identified as White]; n = 98 SMs [50% identified as female and 93% identified as White]) from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Participants completed eight consecutive evening daily diary interviews (n days = 24,773; mean days completed = 7.24) and reported daily stress exposure and daily well-being. We used multilevel modeling as an approach to examine whether sexual orientation interacted with daily stressors to predict daily negative affect and physical health. RESULTS SMs tended to experience more daily stressors compared to heterosexuals; specifically, SMs reported at least one stressor on nearly half (48%) of the study days they completed, and heterosexuals reported at least one stressor on about two-fifths (41%) of the study days they completed. SMs also tended to experience more negative mood when they experienced a daily stressor compared to heterosexuals when they experienced a daily stressor. CONCLUSION We emphasize the importance of SMs' exposure and reactivity to general daily stressors and the implications of our results for the day-to-day lives and health of SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney M Wardecker
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Agus Surachman
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jes L Matsick
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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10
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Newman DB, Epel ES, Coccia M, Puterman E, Prather AA. Asymmetrical Effects of Sleep and Emotions in Daily Life. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:307-317. [PMID: 36043202 PMCID: PMC9383029 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an important process that can influence and be influenced by daily events and emotions. We examined the bidirectional relationships between sleep, daily events, and emotions with a daily diary method completed by 181 mothers (M age = 41.91, SD = 5.06). They answered morning and evening questionnaires for 1 week at three different points in time separated by nine months each, 21 days in total. Measures of sleep quality and emotional experiences each morning were assessed, and they reported on their best and worst experience of the day, peak emotional responses to these events, and affect in the evening. Sleep behavior, including total sleep time and sleep efficiency, was objectively quantified using wrist actigraphy. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that longer sleep duration and better subjective quality predicted greater positive emotions and lower negative emotions upon waking, and lower levels of peak perceived stressfulness, but not peak positivity ratings. Daily experiences did not predict sleep duration. Conversely, negative affect in the evening and greater peak perceived stressfulness during the day predicted worse sleep quality that night, whereas positive affect and positive events were not related to sleep. Although correlational, these findings suggest that good sleep can improve waking affect and help mitigate the impact of stressful experiences but does not amplify responses to the positive events of the day. In turn, daily perceived stress reactivity impairs sleep quality. These novel findings show stronger bidirectional relationships between sleep with daily stress, than sleep with daily positivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00112-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Newman
- University of California, 3333 California St., San Francisco, CA 94118 USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- University of California, 3333 California St., San Francisco, CA 94118 USA
| | - Michael Coccia
- University of California, 3333 California St., San Francisco, CA 94118 USA
| | - Eli Puterman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aric A. Prather
- University of California, 3333 California St., San Francisco, CA 94118 USA
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11
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Yan W, Zhang L, Li W, You X, Kong F. Associations of family subjective socioeconomic status with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in emerging adulthood: A daily diary study. Soc Sci Med 2022; 298:114867. [PMID: 35276625 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence based on retrospective measures has shown that family subjective socioeconomic status (FSSS) was connected to well-being, but few studies have examined this relationship using a daily diary design. Here, we examined the link between FSSS and well-being as well as the mediating roles of social support and self-esteem in a total of 220 emerging adults using a 14-day daily diary design. The multilevel regression analysis found that FSSS positively predicted two types of well-being, including hedonic well-being (HWB) and eudaimonic well-being (EWB). Moreover, the multilevel 2-2-1 mediation analysis indicated that social support and self-esteem performed as independent mediators of the associations between FSSS and two types of well-being. The mediating effect of self-esteem also had no significant difference from that of social support. Furthermore, when age, gender, and family objective socioeconomic status were controlled, these findings remained significant. The implications and limitations of the findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linting Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Anderson AR. Enjoying nature, exercise, social interaction, and affect: A daily diary study. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:890-900. [PMID: 33269636 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320977642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pathways linking daily nature enjoyment to affect by testing whether the associations would be fully explained by exercise and social interaction. Participants (N = 782; 55.6% female; age 25-74, Mage = 47.9) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) refresher study completed surveys across 8 days. Multilevel models indicated that enjoying nature with others tended to predict affect at the within-person level, while enjoying nature alone did not. However, enjoying nature alone did predict affect at the between-person level. Lastly, many of these associations remained, even while controlling for exercise and social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen R Anderson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, USA
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13
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Yang Y, Cuffee YL, Aumiller BB, Schmitz K, Almeida DM, Chinchilli VM. Serial Mediation Roles of Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms in the Association Between Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction Among Middle-Aged American Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:822564. [PMID: 35265017 PMCID: PMC8899090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used data from the second wave of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study, MIDUS Biomarkers and MIDUS 3. We applied the serial mediation model to explore the serial mediating effects of perceived stress and depressive symptoms on the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction. A total of 945 participants were included in our study. The total indirect effect of sleep quality on life satisfaction through perceived stress, depressive symptoms and the combination of perceived stress and depressive symptoms accounted for within the overall model was 45.5%. At the intervention level, programs designed to improve the level of life satisfaction among adults should focus on perceived stress and depressive symptoms. The prevention of perceived stress and depression contributes to improving life satisfaction and wellbeing. The serial mediation results should be confirmed by further longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Yanxu Yang
| | - Yendelela L. Cuffee
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Betsy B. Aumiller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kathryn Schmitz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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14
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Alvarez GM, Rudolph MD, Cohen JR, Muscatell KA. Lower Socioeconomic Position Is Associated with Greater Activity in and Integration within an Allostatic-Interoceptive Brain Network in Response to Affective Stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1906-1927. [PMID: 35139207 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequities shape physical health and emotional well-being. As such, recent work has examined the neural mechanisms through which socioeconomic position (SEP) may influence health. However, there remain critical gaps in knowledge regarding the relationships between SEP and brain function. These gaps include a lack of research on: (1) the association between SEP and brain functioning in later life, (2) relationships between SEP and functioning of the whole brain beyond specific regions of interest, and (3) how neural responses to positive affective stimuli differ by SEP. The current study addressed these gaps by examining the association between SEP (i.e., education, income) and neural responses to affective stimuli among 122 mid- to late-life adults. During MRI scanning, participants viewed 30 positive, 30 negative, and 30 neutral images; activation and network connectivity analyses explored associations between SEP and neural responses to these affective stimuli. Analyses revealed that those with lower SEP showed greater neural activity to both positive and negative images in regions within the allostatic-interoceptive network, a system of regions implicated in representing and regulating physiological states of the body and the external environment. There were no positive associations between SEP and neural responses to negative or positive images. In addition, graph-theory network analyses showed that individuals with lower SEP demonstrated greater global efficiency within the allostatic-interoceptive network and executive control network, across all task conditions. The findings suggest that lower SEP is associated with enhanced neural sensitivity to affective cues that may be metabolically costly to maintain over time and suggest a mechanism by which SEP might get "under the skull" to influence mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica R Cohen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
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15
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Quist AJL, Han X, Baird DD, Wise LA, Wegienka G, Woods-Giscombe CL, Vines AI. Life Course Racism and Depressive Symptoms among Young Black Women. J Urban Health 2022; 99:55-66. [PMID: 35031943 PMCID: PMC8760080 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the life course effects of racism on depressive symptoms in young Black women and to identify particularly sensitive periods. Guided by life-course theory and using logistic regression, we analyzed baseline data on racism frequency and stress from racism at two time periods (before age 20 and during the 20s) and follow-up data (at approximate 20-month intervals) on depressive symptoms (using a modified 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D) among 1612 Black women participants aged 23-34 years living in Detroit, MI. Of the 1612 women, 65% reported experiencing some racism at baseline, and 36.5% had high depressive symptoms at follow-up. Those who experienced high frequency of racism before age 20 had an increased risk for high depressive symptoms (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.46) compared to participants in the low racism frequency group. We observed similar associations for high vs. low stress from racism (RR = 1.30, 95% CI : 1.06, 1.54) and high vs. low combination of racism frequency and stress (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.64). These findings did not hold or were weaker when assessing racism during the 20s. Among women who experienced high racism across the two time periods, the risk of high depressive symptoms was higher than those who experienced low racism during both periods (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.86). The slightly stronger associations between racism and depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence than in young adulthood suggest that early life might be a sensitive period for experiencing racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbor J L Quist
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, Women's Health Group, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Anissa Irvin Vines
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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16
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Kim M, Xu M, Yang J, Talley S, Wong JD. Assessing Differential Effects of Somatic Amplification to Positive Affect in Midlife and Late Adulthood-A Regression Mixture Approach. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 95:399-428. [PMID: 34874196 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211066552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide an empirical demonstration of a novel method, regression mixture model, by examining differential effects of somatic amplification to positive affect and identifying the predictors that contribute to the differential effects. Data derived from the second wave of Midlife in the United States. The analytic sample consisted of 1,766 adults aged from 33 to 84 years. Regression mixture models were fitted using Mplus 7.4, and a two-step model-building approach was adopted. Three latent groups were identified consisting of a maladaptive (32.1%), a vulnerable (62.5%), and a resilient (5.4%) group. Six covariates (i.e., age, education level, positive relations with others, purpose in life, depressive symptoms, and physical health) significantly predicted the latent class membership in the regression mixture model. The study demonstrated the regression mixture model to be a flexible and efficient statistical tool in assessing individual differences in response to adversity and identifying resilience factors, which contributes to aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kim
- Department of Educational Studies, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Junyeong Yang
- Department of Educational Studies, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan Talley
- Department of Educational Studies, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jen D Wong
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, 2647Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Kong J, Liu Y, Goldberg J, Almeida DM. Adverse childhood experiences amplify the longitudinal associations of adult daily stress and health. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105337. [PMID: 34562850 PMCID: PMC8612968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The long-term negative impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is now well-recognized; however, little research has explored the link between ACEs and daily stress processes in adulthood. The current study aimed to examine the effect of ACEs in the association between daily stressor exposure and daily negative affect, and whether such associations would predict long-term health and well-being. METHODS Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences 2 (NSDE 2) and the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) studies, multilevel moderated mediation analyses were conducted to account for daily measurements nested within individuals. We tested whether the indirect effect of daily stressor exposure on prospective chronic health conditions and prospective depressive symptoms through daily negative affect would differ by adults' levels of ACEs. RESULTS We found significant positive associations between daily stressor exposure and daily negative affect at both the within- and between-person levels. Between-person daily negative affect was, in turn, associated with more chronic health conditions and higher depressive symptoms ten years later. This indirect effect was stronger for adults with high ACEs compared to those with low ACEs. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that a history of ACEs may exacerbate the negative health effects of daily stress processes over time. Programs focusing on coping with daily stressors and resilience may benefit adults with ACEs and promote their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Kong
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, 2905 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - Jaime Goldberg
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - David M Almeida
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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18
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Kong J, Martire LM, Liu Y, Almeida DM. Effects of Parental Childhood Abuse on Daily Stress Processes in Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:9580-9599. [PMID: 31423882 PMCID: PMC7024669 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519869068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests that exposure to childhood abuse can lead to harmful health effects across a lifetime. To contribute to the literature, the current study examined whether and how a history of parental childhood abuse affects exposure to and severity appraisal of daily stressors in adulthood, as well as emotional reactivity to these stressors. We analyzed 14,912 daily interviews of 2,022 respondents from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences. Multilevel modeling was utilized to analyze nested data, in that each person provided repeated measures of daily experience for eight consecutive study days. Results showed that more frequent experience of maternal childhood abuse was associated with more severe appraisal of daily stressors. In addition, adults with more frequent maternal childhood abuse exhibited greater emotional reactivity to daily stressors. The current study provides evidence that a history of parental childhood abuse may serve as a vulnerability factor in the process of experiencing and responding to stressful events encountered in daily life. Future research should further explore the long-term health effects of daily stress and emotional experience among adults with a history of parental childhood abuse. Interventions for these adults should focus on promoting emotional resilience in the face of daily stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yin Liu
- Utah State University, Logan, USA
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19
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Lee S, Urban-Wojcik EJ, Charles ST, Almeida DM. Rich and Balanced Experiences of Daily Emotions are Associated with Activity Diversity Across Adulthood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:710-720. [PMID: 34343286 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies demonstrate the association between diverse emotions and health. However, we know little about how these emotions are related to activities in daily life. This study examined whether the diversity of daily activities ("activity diversity") is associated with the diversity of both positive and negative daily emotions ("emodiversity") in adulthood. We also examined if these associations differed by age. METHODS Two separate samples of participants from the Midlife in the United States Study II (M2: 2004-2009, n=2,012, Mage=56yrs) and Refresher (MR: 2012-2016, n=779, Mage=47yrs) provided activity and emotion data for eight consecutive days. Using Shannon's entropy, we constructed activity diversity and emodiversity (positive, negative) scores. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics, total activity time, mean positive/negative emotions, and number of days with positive/negative emotion data. RESULTS Greater activity diversity was associated with greater positive emodiversity and greater negative emodiversity in both samples. In the M2 sample, the association between activity diversity and positive emodiversity was stronger among relatively younger adults, such the positive association among those aged 33-44 years was greater than that observed among those aged 68-84 years. Results held after adjusting for time spent in each of the activities or when using different emodiversity metrics (Gini or Simpson coefficients). DISCUSSION Broad and even participation of daily activities may provide more opportunities to experience rich and balanced emotions. Findings suggest that the association between activity diversity and emodiversity exists across adulthood, underscoring the value of including information about daily activities when examining emotional experiences across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
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20
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Surachman A, Jenkins AIC, Santos AR, Almeida DM. Socioeconomic status trajectories across the life course, daily discrimination, and inflammation among Black and white adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105193. [PMID: 33740588 PMCID: PMC8068639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study replicates and expands Surachman et al.'s (2020) findings documenting socioeconomic status (SES) trajectories across the life course in an independent sample of Black (majority recruited from Milwaukee, WI) and white adults in the United States. We extend this work by examining whether SES trajectories and daily discrimination are independently associated with markers of inflammation. METHOD Data were from 215 Black adults (188 recruited from Milwaukee, WI; 27 recruited from across the continental US) and 985 white adults (7 recruited from Milwaukee, WI; 978 recruited from across the continental US) who completed the baseline interview and biomarker assessment during the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study (ages = 34-84). SES life course trajectories were examined using latent class analysis based on objective (e.g., income and education) and subjective (e.g., social status and financial strain) indicators of SES. The association between life course SES trajectories and daily discrimination with markers of inflammation (IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen) were examined using multiple linear regression analyses, controlling for demographic, psychological, behavioral, and health-related covariates. RESULTS Black and white participants showed different patterns of life course SES trajectories. Among Black participants, the trajectories were Objectively Stable Low (45.16%), Downwardly Mobile (18.05%), and Upwardly Mobile (36.79%). Compared to the Upwardly Mobile, the Objectively Stable Low class showed elevated IL-6 after controlling for all covariates. Further, daily discrimination, but not SES trajectories, was significantly associated with CRP and fibrinogen after controlling for demographic, psychological, and behavioral covariates. White participants' experiences of life course SES trajectories were characterized as Objectively Stable Low (7.02%), Subjectively Downward (12.48%), Upwardly Mobile (39.99%), and Stable High (40.51%). Among white participants, SES trajectories, but not daily discrimination, were associated with all markers of inflammation (controlling for age and sex). DISCUSSION Consistent with the fundamental cause theory, multiple independent pathways link SES trajectories across the life course and daily discrimination to racial disparities in IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Surachman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - August I. C. Jenkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R. Santos
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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21
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Mayer SE, Surachman A, Prather AA, Puterman E, Delucchi KL, Irwin MR, Danese A, Almeida DM, Epel ES. The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-10. [PMID: 33766171 PMCID: PMC8647837 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) increases the risk of adult depression. Buffering effects require an understanding of the underlying persistent risk pathways. This study examined whether daily psychological stress processes - how an individual interprets and affectively responds to minor everyday events - mediate the effect of CT on adult depressive symptoms. METHODS Middle-aged women (N = 183) reported CT at baseline and completed daily diaries of threat appraisals and negative evening affect for 7 days at baseline, 9, and 18 months. Depressive symptoms were measured across the 1.5-year period. Mediation was examined using multilevel structural equation modeling. RESULTS Reported CT predicted greater depressive symptoms over the 1.5-year time period (estimate = 0.27, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.15-0.38, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals and negative affect mediated the effect of reported CT on depressive symptoms (estimate = 0.34, s.e. = 0.08, 95% CI 0.22-0.46, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals explained more than half of this effect (estimate = 0.19, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.08-0.30, p = 0.004). Post hoc analyses in individuals who reported at least moderate severity of CT showed that lower threat appraisals buffered depressive symptoms. A similar pattern was found in individuals who reported no/low severity of CT. CONCLUSIONS A reported history of CT acts as a latent vulnerability, exaggerating threat appraisals of everyday events, which trigger greater negative evening affect - processes that have important mental health consequences and may provide malleable intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Agus Surachman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Hossain MB, Yadav UN, Ghimire S, Rahman MA, Irfan NM, Huque R. Exploring depressive symptoms and its associates among Bangladeshi older adults amid COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1487-1497. [PMID: 33661353 PMCID: PMC7930102 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression, one of the most common mental disorders, is up-surging worldwide amid the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially among the older population. This study aims to measure prevalent depressive symptoms and its associates among older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults, aged 60 years and above, through telephone interviews in October 2020. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on participants' socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, pre-existing medical conditions, and COVID-19-related information. Meanwhile, depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Two-in-five participants showed depressive symptoms on the GDS-15 scale. Poor socioeconomic characteristic such as low family income, dependency on the family for living, recipient of financial support during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. Participants with pre-existing medical conditions had 91% higher odds of depressive symptoms. Social isolation, captured in terms of living alone (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.11-4.01), less frequent communication during pandemic (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.07-2.26), perceived loneliness (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.47-3.45), and isolation from others (aOR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.62-3.70) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a sizeable proportion of study participants with depressive symptoms amidst the ongoing pandemic. The findings of the present study call for the urgent need for mental health support package targeting this vulnerable group of population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - A. R. M. Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA
| | - Md. Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh ,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,Center for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA
| | | | - Nafis Md. Irfan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Rumana Huque
- ARK Foundation, Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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van den Broek T. Early-Life Circumstances, Health Behavior Profiles, and Later-Life Health in Great Britain. J Aging Health 2020; 33:317-330. [PMID: 33345690 PMCID: PMC8120632 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320981233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Drawing on UK Household Longitudinal Study data, this study assessed a pathway from early-life disadvantage to suboptimal later-life health via health behavior. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct smoking, nutrition, alcohol, and physical activity health behavior profiles. Mediation analyses were performed to assess indirect effects of early-life disadvantage via health behavior on allostatic load, an objective measure of physiological wear and tear. Results: Four health behavior profiles were identified: (1) broadly healthy and high alcohol consumption, (2) low smoking and alcohol consumption, healthy nutrition, and physically inactive, (3) broadly unhealthy and low alcohol consumption, and (4) broadly moderately unhealthy and high alcohol consumption. Having grown up in a higher socioeconomic position family was associated with lower later-life allostatic load. This was partly attributable to health behavioral differences. Discussion: Growing up under disadvantageous socioeconomic circumstances may initiate a chain of risk by predisposing people to health behavior profiles associated with poorer later-life health.
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Epel ES. The geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101167. [PMID: 32979553 PMCID: PMC7520385 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging, by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2020) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2020), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in dynamic ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, & Center for Health and Community, University of California, 3333 California St, Ste 465, San Francisco, CA, 94122, United States.
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25
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Midlife vulnerability and food insecurity: Findings from low-income adults in the US National Health Interview Survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233029. [PMID: 32658927 PMCID: PMC7357765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food insecurity, limited access to adequate food, in adulthood is associated with poor health outcomes that suggest a pattern of accelerated aging. However, little is known about factors that impact food insecurity in midlife which in turn could help to identify potential pathways of accelerated aging. Methods Low-income adults (n = 17,866; 2014 National Health Interview Survey), ages 18 to 84, completed a 10-item food security module and answered questions regarding health challenges (chronic conditions and functional limitations) and financial worry. We used multinomial logistic regression for complex samples to assess the association of health challenges and financial worry with food insecurity status and determine whether these associations differed by age group, while adjusting for poverty, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family structure, social security, and food assistance. Results Food insecurity rates were highest in late- (37.5%) and early- (36.0%) midlife, relative to younger (33.7%) and older (20.2%) age groups and, furthermore, age moderated the relationship between food insecurity and both risk factors (interaction p-values < .05, for both). The effects of poor health were stronger in midlife relative to younger and older ages. Unlike younger and older adults, however, adults in midlife showed high levels of food insecurity regardless of financial worry. Conclusions Findings suggest that food insecurity in midlife may be more severe than previously thought. Greater efforts are needed to identify those at greatest risk and intervene early to slow premature aging.
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Carr D. Early-Life Influences on Later Life Well-Being: Innovations and Explorations. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:829-831. [PMID: 31111921 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carr
- Department of Sociology, Boston University, Massachusetts
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Surachman A, Daw J, Bray BC, Alexander LM, Coe CL, Almeida DM. Childhood socioeconomic status, comorbidity of chronic kidney disease risk factors, and kidney function among adults in the midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:188. [PMID: 32429854 PMCID: PMC7236129 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of empirical effort that systematically investigates the clustering of comorbidity among known risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and how different types of comorbidity may link differently to kidney function among healthy adult samples. This study modeled the clustering of comorbidity among risk factors, examined the association between the clustering of risk factors and kidney function, and tested whether the clustering of risk factors was associated with childhood SES. Methods The data were from 2118 participants (ages 25–84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Risk factors included obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high total cholesterol levels, poor glucose control, and increased inflammatory activity. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated from serum creatinine, calculated with the CKD-EPI formula. The clustering of comorbidity among risk factors and its association with kidney function and childhood SES were examined using latent class analysis (LCA). Results A five-class model was optimal: (1) Low Risk (class size = 36.40%; low probability of all risk factors), (2) Obese (16.42%; high probability of large BMI and abdominally obese), (3) Obese and Elevated BP (13.37%; high probability of being obese and having elevated BP), (4) Non-Obese but Elevated BP (14.95%; high probability of having elevated BP, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation), and (5) High Risk (18.86%; high probability for all risk factors). Obesity was associated with kidney hyperfiltration, while comorbidity between obesity and hypertension was linked to compromised kidney filtration. As expected, the High Risk class showed the highest probability of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = .12; 95%CI = .09–.17). Finally, higher childhood SES was associated with reduced probability of being in the High Risk rather than Low Risk class (β = − 0.20, SE = 0.07, OR [95%CI] = 0.82 [0.71–0.95]). Conclusion These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of childhood SES on risk factors known to be associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Surachman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/ Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, 405 Biobehavioral Health (BBH) Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Daw
- Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bethany C Bray
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/ Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, 405 Biobehavioral Health (BBH) Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Lunyera J, Stanifer JW, Davenport CA, Mohottige D, Bhavsar NA, Scialla JJ, Pendergast J, Boulware LE, Diamantidis CJ. Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Allostatic Load, and Kidney Health in Black Americans. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:341-348. [PMID: 32075808 PMCID: PMC7057315 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08430719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Low socioeconomic status confers unfavorable health, but the degree and mechanisms by which life course socioeconomic status affects kidney health is unclear. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We examined the association between cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status and CKD in black Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. We used conditional process analysis to evaluate allostatic load as a potential mediator of this relation. Cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was an age-standardized z-score, which has 1-SD units by definition, and derived from self-reported childhood socioeconomic status, education, and income at baseline. Allostatic load encompassed 11 baseline biomarkers subsuming neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic, and immune physiologic systems. CKD outcomes included prevalent CKD at baseline and eGFR decline and incident CKD over follow-up. RESULTS Among 3421 participants at baseline (mean age 55 years [SD 13]; 63% female), cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status ranged from -3.3 to 2.3, and 673 (20%) had prevalent CKD. After multivariable adjustment, lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was associated with greater prevalence of CKD both directly (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04 to 1.33 per 1 SD and OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.83 in lowest versus highest tertile) and via higher allostatic load (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.12 per 1 SD and OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.24 in lowest versus highest tertile). After a median follow-up of 8 years (interquartile range, 7-8 years), mean annual eGFR decline was 1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (SD 2), and 254 out of 2043 (12%) participants developed incident CKD. Lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was only indirectly associated with greater CKD incidence (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07 per 1 SD and OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14 in lowest versus highest tertile) and modestly faster annual eGFR decline, in milliliters per minute (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.02 per 1 SD and OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04 in lowest versus highest tertile), via higher baseline allostatic load. CONCLUSIONS Lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was substantially associated with CKD prevalence but modestly with CKD incidence and eGFR decline via baseline allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lunyera
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine,
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia J Scialla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, and
| | - Jane Pendergast
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
| | | | - Clarissa Jonas Diamantidis
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Association Between Socioeconomic Status Mobility and Inflammation Markers Among White and Black Adults in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:224-233. [PMID: 31592888 PMCID: PMC7007866 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article examines whether multidimensional indicators of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) across the life course can be categorized into latent classes of SES mobility and tests the associations of these categories with inflammation markers among white and black adults. METHODS Data are from 592 non-Hispanic white and 158 non-Hispanic black participants who completed both the baseline survey and biomarkers assessment of the Midlife in the United States Refresher study. Groups of different SES mobility were examined using latent class analysis. RESULTS White and black participants showed different patterns of SES mobility. Among blacks, the latent classes were as follows: 1) objectively always high (24.71%; high objective SES across the life course), 2) subjectively always high (6.48%; high subjective and low objective SES across the life course), 3) downwardly mobile (35.84%; high childhood SES, low adult SES), and 4) always low (32.97%; low childhood SES, education, and adult SES). Among whites, the latent classes were as follows: 1) always high (52.17%; high childhood SES, high education, high adult SES), 2) upwardly mobile (18.14%; low childhood SES, high education, high adult SES), 3) subjectively downward (27.74%; high childhood SES, high education, high objective adult SES, low subjective adult SES), and 4) always low (1.95%; low childhood SES, education, and adult SES). SES mobility was associated with inflammation in white (Wald χ values (3) = 12.89-17.44, p values < .050), but not in black adults (Wald χ values (3) = 2.79-7.22, p values > .050). CONCLUSION The lack of SES mobility differentiation on inflammation is an indication of diminished return for the most affluent class among black participants.
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Madero-Cabib I, Azar A, Pérez-Cruz P. Advantages and disadvantages across the life course and health status in old age among women in Chile. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:1203-1214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Bennett JM, Rohleder N, Sturmberg JP. Biopsychosocial approach to understanding resilience: Stress habituation and where to intervene. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:1339-1346. [PMID: 30338615 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience in the face of adversity is a human experience that leads to better health, both mentally and physically. We briefly review its historical origins rooted in ecological biology and its adoption into health care. Resilience is the common response to adversity or potential traumatic events. Individual differences in emotion regulation and coping skills as well as social capital and one's physical environment influence a person's ability to achieve resilience. PROPOSED MECHANISM One potential biopsychosocial measure of resilience includes stress habituation to repeated stress as demonstrated in the laboratory, possibly providing a tool to observe mastery of resilience training in the clinic. Evidence-based interventions at the individual and small group level (eg, family, classroom) have successfully shown development of resilient behaviours and improved mental and physical health outcomes. However, the role of social context and public policy clearly influence an individual's ability to be resilient. CONCLUSIONS Despite the current limited evidence of the effectiveness of resilience building interventions, clinicians, researchers, and other health care professions have an obligation to become advocates for laws and policies that support the most vulnerable, and least resilient, in our society to attain resilience for their health. This salutary effect will enable them to become socially as well as economically productive members of the community at large. It is not possible to remove stress or adversity from life, but we can influence the development of regulatory flexibility and decrease the sociocultural factors linked to the nonresilient experience, thus mitigating adversity's long-term effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Sturmberg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,International Society for Systems and Complexity Sciences for Health, Newtown, PA, USA
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