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Hatanaka R, Hane M, Hayakawa K, Morishita S, Ohno S, Yamaguchi Y, Wu D, Kitajima K, Sato C. Identification of a buried β-strand as a novel disease-related motif in the human polysialyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105564. [PMID: 38103644 PMCID: PMC10828065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The polysialyltransferases ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4 and their product, polysialic acid (polySia), are known to be related to cancers and mental disorders. ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4 have conserved amino acid (AA) sequence motifs essential for the synthesis of the polySia structures on the neural cell adhesion molecule. To search for a new motif in the polysialyltransferases, we adopted the in silico Individual Meta Random Forest program that can predict disease-related AA substitutions. The Individual Meta Random Forest program predicted a new eight-amino-acids sequence motif consisting of highly pathogenic AA residues, thus designated as the pathogenic (P) motif. A series of alanine point mutation experiments in the pathogenic motif (P motif) showed that most P motif mutants lost the polysialylation activity without changing the proper enzyme expression levels or localization in the Golgi. In addition, we evaluated the enzyme stability of the P motif mutants using newly established calculations of mutation energy, demonstrating that the subtle change of the conformational energy regulates the activity. In the AlphaFold2 model, we found that the P motif was a buried β-strand underneath the known surface motifs unique to ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4. Taken together, the P motif is a novel buried β-strand that regulates the full activity of polysialyltransferases from the inside of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hatanaka
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaito Hayakawa
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayo Morishita
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiho Ohno
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Integrated Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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2
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Klarić TS, Gudelj I, Santpere G, Novokmet M, Vučković F, Ma S, Doll HM, Risgaard R, Bathla S, Karger A, Nairn AC, Luria V, Bečeheli I, Sherwood CC, Ely JJ, Hof PR, Sousa AM, Josić D, Lauc G, Sestan N. Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2615. [PMID: 38055821 PMCID: PMC10699788 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparative "omics" studies have revealed unique aspects of human neurobiology, yet an evolutionary perspective of the brain N-glycome is lacking. We performed multiregional characterization of rat, macaque, chimpanzee, and human brain N-glycomes using chromatography and mass spectrometry and then integrated these data with complementary glycotranscriptomic data. We found that, in primates, the brain N-glycome has diverged more rapidly than the underlying transcriptomic framework, providing a means for rapidly generating additional interspecies diversity. Our data suggest that brain N-glycome evolution in hominids has been characterized by an overall increase in complexity coupled with a shift toward increased usage of α(2-6)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. Moreover, interspecies differences in the cell type expression pattern of key glycogenes were identified, including some human-specific differences, which may underpin this evolutionary divergence. Last, by comparing the prenatal and adult human brain N-glycomes, we uncovered region-specific neurodevelopmental pathways that lead to distinct spatial N-glycosylation profiles in the mature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Klarić
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah M. Doll
- Waisman Center and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Risgaard
- Waisman Center and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shveta Bathla
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amir Karger
- IT Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor Luria
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John J. Ely
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- MAEBIOS, Alamogordo, NM, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - André M. M. Sousa
- Waisman Center and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Djuro Josić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Comparative Medicine, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, and Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Baeza-Kallee N, Bergès R, Hein V, Cabaret S, Garcia J, Gros A, Tabouret E, Tchoghandjian A, Colin C, Figarella-Branger D. Deciphering the Action of Neuraminidase in Glioblastoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11645. [PMID: 37511403 PMCID: PMC10380381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) contains cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to treatment. GBM CSC expresses glycolipids recognized by the A2B5 antibody. A2B5, induced by the enzyme ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyl transferase 3 (ST8Sia3), plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, clonogenicity and tumorigenesis of GBM CSC. Our aim was to characterize the resulting effects of neuraminidase that removes A2B5 in order to target GBM CSC. To this end, we set up a GBM organotypic slice model; quantified A2B5 expression by flow cytometry in U87-MG, U87-ST8Sia3 and GBM CSC lines, treated or not by neuraminidase; performed RNAseq and DNA methylation profiling; and analyzed the ganglioside expression by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in these cell lines, treated or not with neuraminidase. Results demonstrated that neuraminidase decreased A2B5 expression, tumor size and regrowth after surgical removal in the organotypic slice model but did not induce a distinct transcriptomic or epigenetic signature in GBM CSC lines. RNAseq analysis revealed that OLIG2, CHI3L1, TIMP3, TNFAIP2, and TNFAIP6 transcripts were significantly overexpressed in U87-ST8Sia3 compared to U87-MG. RT-qPCR confirmed these results and demonstrated that neuraminidase decreased gene expression in GBM CSC lines. Moreover, neuraminidase drastically reduced ganglioside expression in GBM CSC lines. Neuraminidase, by its pleiotropic action, is an attractive local treatment against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphaël Bergès
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Victoria Hein
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, InstitutAgro, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jeremy Garcia
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Abigaëlle Gros
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Tabouret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Carole Colin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
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4
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Klarić TS, Gudelj I, Santpere G, Sousa AMM, Novokmet M, Vučković F, Ma S, Bečeheli I, Sherwood CC, Ely JJ, Hof PR, Josić D, Lauc G, Sestan N. Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523525. [PMID: 36711977 PMCID: PMC9882074 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Comparative "omics" studies have revealed unique aspects of human neurobiology, yet an evolutionary perspective of the brain N-glycome is lacking. Here, we performed multi-regional characterization of rat, macaque, chimpanzee, and human brain N-glycomes using chromatography and mass spectrometry, then integrated these data with complementary glycotranscriptomic data. We found that in primates the brain N-glycome has evolved more rapidly than the underlying transcriptomic framework, providing a mechanism for generating additional diversity. We show that brain N-glycome evolution in hominids has been characterized by an increase in complexity and α(2-6)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid along with human-specific cell-type expression of key glycogenes. Finally, by comparing the prenatal and adult human brain N-glycome, we identify region-specific neurodevelopmental pathways that lead to distinct spatial N-glycosylation profiles in the mature brain. One-Sentence Summary Evolution of the human brain N-glycome has been marked by an increase in complexity and a shift in sialic acid linkage.
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5
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Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside Microdomains on Cellular and Intracellular Membranes Regulate Neuronal Cell Fate Determination. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:281-304. [PMID: 36255679 PMCID: PMC9772537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with essential but enigmatic functions in brain activities and neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance. Our group has pioneered research on the importance of gangliosides for growth factor receptor signaling and epigenetic regulation of NSC activity and differentiation. The primary localization of gangliosides is on cell-surface microdomains and the drastic dose and composition changes during neural differentiation strongly suggest that they are not only important as biomarkers, but also are involved in modulating NSC fate determination. Ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) revealed reduction of postnatal NSC pools with severe behavioral deficits. Exogenous administration of GD3 significantly restored the NSC pools and enhanced the stemness of NSCs with multipotency and self-renewal. Since morphological changes during neurogenesis require a huge amount of energy, mitochondrial functions are vital for neurogenesis. We discovered that a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), as a novel GD3-binding protein, and GD3 regulates mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, we discovered that GM1 ganglioside promotes neuronal differentiation by an epigenetic regulatory mechanism. Nuclear GM1 binds with acetylated histones on the promoters of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT; GM2 synthase) as well as on the NeuroD1 genes in differentiated neurons. In addition, epigenetic activation of the GalNAcT gene was detected as accompanied by an apparent induction of neuronal differentiation in NSCs responding to an exogenous supplement of GM1. GM1 is indeed localized in the nucleus where it can interact with transcriptionally active histones. Interestingly, GM1 could induce epigenetic activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, with recruitment of nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1, also known as NR4A2), a dopaminergic neuron-associated transcription factor, to the TH promoter region. In this way, GM1 epigenetically regulates dopaminergic neuron specific gene expression. GM1 interacts with active chromatin via acetylated histones to recruit transcription factors at the nuclear periphery, resulting in changes in gene expression for neuronal differentiation. The significance is that multifunctional gangliosides modulate lipid microdomains to regulate functions of important molecules on multiple sites: the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, and nuclear membrane. Versatile gangliosides could regulate functional neurons as well as sustain NSC functions via modulating protein and gene activities on ganglioside microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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6
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Comprehensive Analysis of Oligo/Polysialylglycoconjugates in Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105569. [PMID: 35628382 PMCID: PMC9147586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, cell-surface sialylation is altered, including a change in oligo/polysialic acid (oligo/polySia) structures. Since they are unique and rarely expressed in normal cells, oligo/polySia structures may serve as promising novel biomarkers and targets for therapies. For the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, a precise understanding of the oligo/polySia structures in cancer cells is necessary. In this study, flow cytometric analysis and gene expression datasets were obtained from sixteen different cancer cell lines. These datasets demonstrated the ability to predict glycan structures and their sialylation status. Our results also revealed that sialylation patterns are unique to each cancer cell line. Thus, we can suggest promising combinations of antibody and cancer cell for glycan prediction. However, the precise prediction of minor glycans need to be further explored.
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7
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A2B5 Expression in Central Nervous System and Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094670. [PMID: 35563061 PMCID: PMC9103745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A2B5 IgM recognizes c-series gangliosides with three sialic acids. The aim of this review was to focus on A2B5 expression in the central nervous system and gliomas. In brain development, A2B5+ cells are recorded in areas containing multipotent neural stem cells (NSC). In adults, A2B5+ cells persist in neurogenic areas and in white matter where it identifies oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) but also cells with NSC properties. Although the expression of A2B5 has been widely studied in culture, where it characterizes bipotential glial progenitor cells, its expression in vivo is less characterized mainly because of technical issues. A new interest was given to the NSCs and OPCs since the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSC) in gliomas. Among other cell surface molecules, A2B5 has been identified as an accurate marker to identify glioma CSCs. We and others have shown that all types of gliomas express A2B5, and that only A2B5+ cells, and not A2B5- cells, can generate a tumor after orthotopic implantation in immunocompromised animals. Moreover, A2B5 epitope expression is positively correlated with stemness and tumor growth. This review highlights that A2B5 is an attractive target to tackle glioma CSCs, and a better characterization of its expression in the developing and adult CNS will benefit to a better understanding of gliomagenesis.
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Klarić TS, Lauc G. The dynamic brain N-glycome. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:443-471. [PMID: 35334027 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of carbohydrates to other macromolecules, such as proteins or lipids, is an important regulatory mechanism termed glycosylation. One subtype of protein glycosylation is asparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) which plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the vertebrate brain. To better understand the role of N-glycans in neurobiology, it's imperative we analyse not only the functional roles of individual structures, but also the collective impact of large-scale changes in the brain N-glycome. The systematic study of the brain N-glycome is still in its infancy and data are relatively scarce. Nevertheless, the prevailing view has been that the neuroglycome is inherently restricted with limited capacity for variation. The development of improved methods for N-glycomics analysis of brain tissue has facilitated comprehensive characterisation of the complete brain N-glycome under various experimental conditions on a larger scale. Consequently, accumulating data suggest that it's more dynamic than previously recognised and that, within a general framework, it has a given capacity to change in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Here, we provide an overview of the many factors that can alter the brain N-glycome, including neurodevelopment, ageing, diet, stress, neuroinflammation, injury, and disease. Given this emerging evidence, we propose that the neuroglycome has a hitherto underappreciated plasticity and we discuss the therapeutic implications of this regarding the possible reversal of pathological changes via interventions. We also briefly review the merits and limitations of N-glycomics as an analytical method before reflecting on some of the outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Araki E, Hane M, Hatanaka R, Kimura R, Tsuda K, Konishi M, Komura N, Ando H, Kitajima K, Sato C. Analysis of biochemical features of ST8 α-N-acetyl-neuraminide α2,8-sialyltransferase (St8sia) 5 isoforms. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:291-302. [PMID: 34982351 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are important components of the membrane and are involved in many biological activities. St8sia5 is an α2,8-sialyltransferase involved in ganglioside synthesis, and has three isoforms. In this study, we analyzed the features of three isoforms, St8sia5-S, -M, and -L that had not been analyzed, and found that only St8sia5-L was localized in the Golgi, while the majority of St8sia5-M and -S were localized in the ER. The localization of Golgi of St8sia5 depended on the stem region. In addition, the incorporation of exogenous GD3 was upregulated only in St8sia5-L expressing cells. Taken together, the localization of St8sia5 is important for the activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erino Araki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rina Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Tsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Miku Konishi
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Glyco-BioMedical Research Center (iGMED), Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Mindler K, Ostertag E, Stehle T. The polyfunctional polysialic acid: A structural view. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108376. [PMID: 34273862 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia), a homopolymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues, modifies a small number of proteins and has central functions in vertebrate signalling. Here, we review the regulatory functions of polySia in signalling processes and the immune system of adult humans, as well as functions based on their chemical properties. The main focus will be on the structure-function relationship of polySia with its interaction partners in humans. Recent studies have indicated that the degree of polymerisation is an important parameter that can guide the regulatory effect of polySia in addition to its binding to target proteins. Therefore, the structures of polySia in solution and bound to interaction partners are compared in order to identify the key factors that define binding specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Mindler
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Ostertag
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Lin CY, Lai HL, Chen HM, Siew JJ, Hsiao CT, Chang HC, Liao KS, Tsai SC, Wu CY, Kitajima K, Sato C, Khoo KH, Chern Y. Functional roles of ST8SIA3-mediated sialylation of striatal dopamine D 2 and adenosine A 2A receptors. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:209. [PMID: 31455764 PMCID: PMC6712005 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are typically added to the end of glycoconjugates by sialyltransferases. Among the six ST8 α-N-acetyl-neuraminide α-2,8-sialyltransferases (ST8SIA) existing in adult brains, ST8SIA2 is a schizophrenia-associated gene. However, the in vivo substrates and physiological functions of most sialyltransferases are currently unknown. The ST8SIA3 is enriched in the striatum. Here, we showed that ablation of St8sia3 in mice (St8sia3-KO) led to fewer disialylated and trisialylated terminal glycotopes in the striatum of St8sia3-KO mice. Moreover, the apparent sizes of several striatum-enriched G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (including the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and dopamine D1/D2 receptors (D1R and D2R)) were smaller in St8sia3-KO mice than in WT mice. A sialidase treatment removed the differences in the sizes of these molecules between St8sia3-KO and WT mice, confirming the involvement of sialylation. Expression of ST8SIA3 in the striatum of St8sia3-KO mice using adeno-associated viruses normalized the sizes of these proteins, demonstrating a direct role of ST8SIA3. The lack of ST8SIA3-mediated sialylation altered the distribution of these proteins in lipid rafts and the interaction between D2R and A2AR. Locomotor activity assays revealed altered pharmacological responses of St8sia3-KO mice to drugs targeting these receptors and verified that a greater population of D2R formed heteromers with A2AR in the striatum of St8sia3-KO mice. Since the A2AR-D2R heteromer is an important drug target for several basal ganglia diseases (such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease), the present study not only reveals a crucial role for ST8SIA3 in striatal functions but also provides a new drug target for basal ganglia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lin Lai
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jing Siew
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,0000 0001 0425 5914grid.260770.4Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chien Chang
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Tsai
- grid.36020.37Department of Research and Development, National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei and Tainan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-860 Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-860 Japan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- 0000 0001 2287 1366grid.28665.3fInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Acute stress-induced change in polysialic acid levels mediated by sialidase in mouse brain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9950. [PMID: 31289315 PMCID: PMC6616613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important environmental factor influencing human behaviour and causing several mental disorders. Alterations in the structure of polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) due to genetic alterations in ST8SIA2, which encodes a polySia-synthesizing enzyme, are related to certain mental disorders. However, whether stress as an environmental factor leads to changes in polySia structure is unknown. Here we studied the effects of acute stress on polySia expression and found reductions in both the quantity and quality of polySia in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, even with short-term exposure to acute stress. The use of inhibitors for sialidase, microglia and astrocytes revealed that these declines were due to a transient action of sialidase from microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, respectively. These data suggest that sialidase dynamically regulates polySia expression in a brain region-specific manner.
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13
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Yang C, Zhang P, Fang W, Chen Y, Zhang N, Qiao Z, Troy FA, Wang B. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying How Sialyllactose Intervention Promotes Intestinal Maturity by Upregulating GDNF Through a CREB-Dependent Pathway in Neonatal Piglets. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7994-8007. [PMID: 31161424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated milk oligosaccharides (SMOs) have a multifunctional health benefit, yet the molecular details underlying their potential role in modulating intestinal maturation remains unknown. To test the hypothesis that sialyllactose (SL) may mediate intestinal maturation and function through controlling neuronal function, studies were carried out where the diet of postnatal piglets was supplemented with a mixture of 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose from postnatal day 3 to 38. Gene transcription pathways regulating enteric nervous system function, polysialic acid (polySia) synthesis, and cell proliferation were quantified. Our new findings show that SL intervention: (1) upregulated the level of gene and protein expression of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the ileum; (2) upregulated phosphorylation of the cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), the downstream target of GDNF signaling pathway; (3) promoted cell proliferation based on an increase in the number and density of Ki-67 positive cells in the crypts; (4) increased the crypt width in the ileum by 10%, while gene markers for the functional cells were not affected; (5) upregulated mRNA expression level of ST8Sia IV, a key polysialyltransferase responsible for synthesis of polySia-NCAM; (6) reduced the incidence and severity of diarrhea. These results show that SL promotes intestinal maturation in neonatal piglets by upregulating GDNF, synthesis of polySia and CREB-interactive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Yang
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China.,School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Panwang Zhang
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Wang Fang
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Nai Zhang
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Zhiliang Qiao
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Frederic A Troy
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Bing Wang
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China. .,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Animal & Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga 2678, Australia.
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14
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Zhang X, Nie H, Whited J, Wang D, Li Y, Sun XL. Recent approaches for directly profiling cell surface sialoform. Glycobiology 2019; 28:910-924. [PMID: 29800278 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) are nine-carbon monosaccharides existing at the terminal location of glycan structures on the cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates. The expression levels and linkages of SAs on cells and tissues, collectively known as sialoform, present the hallmark of the cells and tissues of different systems and conditions. Accordingly, detecting or profiling cell surface sialoforms is very critical for understanding the function of cell surface glycans and glycoconjugates and even the molecular mechanisms of their underlying biological processes. Further, it may provide therapeutic and diagnostic applications for different diseases. In the past decades, several kinds of SA-specific binding molecules have been developed for detecting and profiling specific sialoforms of cells and tissues; the experimental materials have expanded from frozen tissue to living cells; and the analytical technologies have advanced from histochemistry to fluorescent imaging, flow cytometry and microarrays. This review summarizes the recent bioaffinity approaches for directly detecting and profiling specific SAs or sialylglycans, and their modifications of different cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Joshua Whited
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is involved in many biological activities and commonly occurs as a monosialyl residue at the nonreducing terminal end of glycoconjugates. The loss of activity of UDP-GlcNAc2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase, which is a key enzyme in Sia biosynthesis, is lethal to the embryo, which clearly indicates the importance of Sia in embryogenesis. Occasionally, oligo/polymeric Sia structures such as disialic acid (diSia), oligosialic acid (oligoSia), and polysialic acid (polySia) occur in glycoconjugates. In particular, polySia, a well-known epitope that commonly occurs in neuroinvasive bacteria and vertebrate brains, is one of the most well-known and biologically/neurologically important glycotopes in vertebrates. The biological effects of polySia, especially on neural cell-adhesion molecules, have been well studied, and in-depth knowledge regarding polySia has been accumulated. In addition, the importance of diSia and oligoSia epitopes has been reported. In this chapter, the recent advances in the study of diSia, oligoSia, and polySia residues in glycoproteins in neurology, and their history, definition, occurrence, analytical methods, biosynthesis, and biological functions evaluated by phenotypes of gene-targeted mice, biochemical features, and related diseases are described.
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16
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Mental disorders and an acidic glycan-from the perspective of polysialic acid (PSA/polySia) and the synthesizing enzyme, ST8SIA2. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:353-373. [PMID: 30058042 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, are challenging to manage, worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders is essential and required. Studies investigating such molecular mechanisms are well performed and important findings are accumulating apace. Based on the fact that these disorders are due in part to the accumulation of genetic and environmental risk factors, consideration of multi-molecular and/or multi-system dependent phenomena might be important. Acidic glycans are an attractive family of molecules for understanding these disorders, because impairment of the fine-tuned glycan system affects a large number of molecules that are deeply involved in normal brain function. One of the candidates of this important family of glycan epitopes in the brain is polysialic acid (PSA/polySia). PSA is a well-known molecule because of its role as an oncodevelopmental antigen and is also widely used as a marker of adult neurogenesis. Recently, several reports have suggested that PSA and PSA-related genes are associated with multiple mental disorders. The relationships among PSA, PSA-related genes, and mental disorders are reviewed here.
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17
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Mori A, Hane M, Niimi Y, Kitajima K, Sato C. Different properties of polysialic acids synthesized by the polysialyltransferases ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4. Glycobiology 2018; 27:834-846. [PMID: 28810663 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is mainly found as a modification of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in whole embryonic brains, as well as restricted areas of adult vertebrate brains, including the hippocampus. PolySia shows not only repulsive effects on NCAM-involved cell-cell interactions due to its bulky and hydrated properties, but also attractive effects on the interaction with neurologically active molecules, which exerts a reservoir function. Two different polysialyltransferases, ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4, are involved in the synthesis of polySia chains; however, to date, the differences of the properties between polySia chains synthesized by these two enzymes remain unknown. In this study, to clarify this point, we first prepared polySia-NCAMs from HEK293 cells stably expressing ST8SIA4 and ST8SIA2, or ST8SIA2 (SNP-7), a mutant ST8SIA2 derived from a schizophrenia patient. The conventional sensitive chemical and immunological characterizations showed that the quantity and quality (structural features) of polySia are not so much different between ST8SIA4- and ST8SIA2-synthesized ones, apart from those of ST8SIA2 (SNP-7). Then, we assessed the homophilic and heterophilic interactions mediated by polySia-NCAM by adopting a surface plasmon resonance measurement as an in vitro analytical method. Our novel findings are as follows: (i) the ST8SIA2- and ST8SIA4-synthesized polySia-NCAMs exhibited different attractive and repulsive effects than each other; (ii) both polySia- and oligoSia-NCAMs synthesized by ST8SIA2 were able to bind polySia-NCAMs; (iii) the polySia-NCAM synthesized by a ST8SIA2 (SNP-7) showed markedly altered attractive and repulsive properties. Collectively, polySia-NCAM is suggested to simultaneously possess both attractive and repulsive properties that are highly regulated by the two polysialyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Niimi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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18
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Itokazu Y, Wang J, Yu RK. Gangliosides in Nerve Cell Specification. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:241-263. [PMID: 29747816 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is generated from progenitor cells that are recognized as neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are defined as undifferentiated neural cells that are characterized by the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Throughout neural development, NSCs undergo proliferation, migration, and cellular differentiation, and dynamic changes are observed in the composition of carbohydrate-rich molecules, including gangliosides. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids with essential and multifaceted functions in brain development and NSC maintenance, which reflects the complexity of brain development. Our group has pioneered research on the importance of gangliosides for growth factor receptor signaling and epigenetic regulation of ganglioside biosynthesis in NSCs. We found that GD3 is the predominant ganglioside species in NSCs (>80%) and modulates NSC proliferation by interacting with epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In postnatal brain, GD3 is required for long-term maintenance of NSCs. Deficiency in GD3 leads to developmental and behavioral deficits, such as depression. The synthesis of GD3 is switched to the synthesis of complex, brain-type gangliosides, namely, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, resulting in terminal differentiation and loss of "stemness" of NSCs. In this process, GM1 is augmented by a novel GM1-modulated epigenetic gene regulation mechanism of glycosyltransferases at a later differentiation stage. Consequently, our research suggests that stage-specific gangliosides play specific roles in maintaining NSC activities and in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
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19
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Yamaguchi S, Yoshimura A, Yasuda Y, Mori A, Tanaka H, Takahashi T, Kitajima K, Sato C. Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of a Disialic Acid-Containing Dextran Polymer as an Inhibitor for the Interaction between Siglec 7 and Its Ligand. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1194-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yu Yasuda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Airi Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy; 601 Matano-chou Totsuka-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 245-0066 Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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20
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Volkers G, Worrall LJ, Kwan DH, Yu CC, Baumann L, Lameignere E, Wasney GA, Scott NE, Wakarchuk W, Foster LJ, Withers SG, Strynadka NCJ. Structure of human ST8SiaIII sialyltransferase provides insight into cell-surface polysialylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:627-35. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Hane M, Matsuoka S, Ono S, Miyata S, Kitajima K, Sato C. Protective effects of polysialic acid on proteolytic cleavage of FGF2 and proBDNF/BDNF. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1112-24. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Sumida M, Hane M, Yabe U, Shimoda Y, Pearce OMT, Kiso M, Miyagi T, Sawada M, Varki A, Kitajima K, Sato C. Rapid Trimming of Cell Surface Polysialic Acid (PolySia) by Exovesicular Sialidase Triggers Release of Preexisting Surface Neurotrophin. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13202-14. [PMID: 25750127 PMCID: PMC4505574 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As acidic glycocalyx on primary mouse microglial cells and a mouse microglial cell line Ra2, expression of polysialic acid (polySia/PSA), a polymer of the sialic acid Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid), was demonstrated. PolySia is known to modulate cell adhesion, migration, and localization of neurotrophins mainly on neural cells. PolySia on Ra2 cells disappeared very rapidly after an inflammatory stimulus. Results of knockdown and inhibitor studies indicated that rapid surface clearance of polySia was achieved by secretion of endogenous sialidase Neu1 as an exovesicular component. Neu1-mediated polySia turnover was accompanied by the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor normally retained by polySia molecules. Introduction of a single oxygen atom change into polySia by exogenous feeding of the non-neural sialic acid Neu5Gc (N-glycolylneuraminic acid) caused resistance to Neu1-induced polySia turnover and also inhibited the associated release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate the importance of rapid turnover of the polySia glycocalyx by exovesicular sialidases in neurotrophin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sumida
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Uichiro Yabe
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimoda
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomiokamachi, Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
| | - Oliver M T Pearce
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558, Sendai, Japan, and
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Functions, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Ken Kitajima
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan,
| | - Chihiro Sato
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan,
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23
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Garénaux E, Kanagawa M, Tsuchiyama T, Hori K, Kanazawa T, Goshima A, Chiba M, Yasue H, Ikeda A, Yamaguchi Y, Sato C, Kitajima K. Discovery, primary, and crystal structures and capacitation-related properties of a prostate-derived heparin-binding protein WGA16 from boar sperm. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5484-501. [PMID: 25568322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm acquire fertility through a functional maturation process called capacitation, where sperm membrane molecules are drastically remodeled. In this study, we found that a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-reactive protein on lipid rafts, named WGA16, is removed from the sperm surface on capacitation. WGA16 is a prostate-derived seminal plasma protein that has never been reported and is deposited on the sperm surface in the male reproductive tract. Based on protein and cDNA sequences for purified WGA16, it is a homologue of human zymogen granule protein 16 (ZG16) belonging to the Jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family in crystal and primary structures. A glycan array shows that WGA16 binds heparin through a basic patch containing Lys-53/Lys-73 residues but not the conventional lectin domain of the JRL family. WGA16 is glycosylated, contrary to other ZG16 members, and comparative mass spectrometry clearly shows its unique N-glycosylation profile among seminal plasma proteins. It has exposed GlcNAc and GalNAc residues without additional Gal residues. The GlcNAc/GalNAc residues can work as binding ligands for a sperm surface galactosyltransferase, which actually galactosylates WGA16 in situ in the presence of UDP-Gal. Interestingly, surface removal of WGA16 is experimentally induced by either UDP-Gal or heparin. In the crystal structure, N-glycosylated sites and a potential heparin-binding site face opposite sides. This geography of two functional sites suggest that WGA16 is deposited on the sperm surface through interaction between its N-glycans and the surface galactosyltransferase, whereas its heparin-binding domain may be involved in binding to sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the female tract, enabling removal of WGA16 from the sperm surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Garénaux
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kanagawa
- the RIKEN Structural Glycobiology Team, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hori
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeru Kanazawa
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ami Goshima
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- the Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan, and
| | - Hiroshi Yasue
- the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- the RIKEN Structural Glycobiology Team, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Sato
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- From the Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan,
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Abstract
The sialic acids N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) differ by a single oxygen atom and are widely found at the terminal position of glycans on vertebrate cell surfaces. In animals capable of synthesizing Neu5Gc, most tissues and cell types express both sialic acids, in proportions that vary between species. However, it has long been noted that Neu5Gc is consistently expressed at trace to absent levels in the brains of all vertebrates studied to date. Although several reports have claimed to find low levels of Neu5Gc-containing glycans in neural tissue, no study definitively excludes the possibility of contamination with glycans from non-neural cell types. This distribution of a molecule - prominently but variably expressed in extraneural tissues but very low or absent in the brain - is, to our knowledge, unique. The evolutionarily conserved brain-specific suppression of Neu5Gc may indicate that its presence is toxic to this organ; however, no studies to date have directly addressed this very interesting question. Here we provide a historical background to this issue and discuss potential mechanisms causing the suppression of Neu5Gc expression in brain tissue, as well as mechanisms by which Neu5Gc may exert the presumed toxicity. Finally, we discuss future approaches towards understanding the mechanisms and implications of this unusual finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0687, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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Gerardy-Schahn R, Delannoy P, von Itzstein M. Advanced Technologies in Sialic Acid and Sialoglycoconjugate Analysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 367:75-103. [PMID: 26017094 PMCID: PMC7122537 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the structural diversity of sialic acid (Sia) is rapidly expanding, understanding of its biological significance has lagged behind. Advanced technologies to detect and probe diverse structures of Sia are absolutely necessary not only to understand further biological significance but also to pursue medicinal and industrial applications. Here we describe analytical methods for detection of Sia that have recently been developed or improved, with a special focus on 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn), O-sulfated Sia (SiaS), and di-, oligo-, and polysialic acid (diSia/oligoSia/polySia) in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Much more attention has been paid to these Sia and sialoglycoconjugates during the last decade, in terms of regulation of the immune system, neural development and function, tumorigenesis, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Lille University of Science and Technology, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
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26
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Oliver-De La Cruz J, Carrión-Navarro J, García-Romero N, Gutiérrez-Martín A, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Escobedo-Lucea C, Perona R, Belda-Iniesta C, Ayuso-Sacido A. SOX2+ cell population from normal human brain white matter is able to generate mature oligodendrocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99253. [PMID: 24901457 PMCID: PMC4047120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of neurodegenerative diseases progress with a loss of myelin, which makes them candidate diseases for the development of cell-replacement therapies based on mobilisation or isolation of the endogenous neural/glial progenitor cells, in vitro expansion, and further implantation. Cells expressing A2B5 or PDGFRA/CNP have been isolated within the pool of glial progenitor cells in the subcortical white matter of the normal adult human brain, all of which demonstrate glial progenitor features. However, the heterogeneity and differentiation potential of this pool of cells is not yet well established. METHODS We used diffusion tensor images, histopathology, and immunostaining analysis to demonstrate normal cytoarchitecture and the absence of abnormalities in human temporal lobe samples from patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. These samples were used to isolate and enrich glial progenitor cells in vitro, and later to detect such cells in vivo. RESULTS We have identified a subpopulation of SOX2+ cells, most of them co-localising with OLIG2, in the white matter of the normal adult human brain in vivo. These cells can be isolated and enriched in vitro, where they proliferate and generate immature (O4+) and mature (MBP+) oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser extent, astrocytes (GFAP+). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the existence of a new glial progenitor cell subpopulation that expresses SOX2 in the white matter of the normal adult human brain. These cells might be of use for tissue regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carmen Escobedo-Lucea
- Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal Belda-Iniesta
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Watzlawik JO, Wootla B, Painter MM, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M. Cellular targets and mechanistic strategies of remyelination-promoting IgMs as part of the naturally occurring autoantibody repertoire. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:1017-29. [PMID: 24053345 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2013.835601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins with germline sequences occur in invertebrates and vertebrates and are named naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs). NAbs may target foreign antigens, self- or altered self-components and are part of the normal immunoglobulin repertoire. Accumulating evidence indicates that naturally occurring antibodies can act as systemic surveillance molecules, which tag, damaged or stressed cells, invading pathogens and toxic cellular debris for elimination by the immune system. In addition to acting as detecting molecules, certain types of NAbs actively signal in different cell types with a broad range of responses from induction of apoptosis in cancer cells to stimulation of remyelination in glial cells. This review emphasizes functions and characteristics of NAbs with focus on remyelination-promoting mouse and human antibodies. Human remyelination-promoting NAbs are potential therapeutics to combat a wide spectrum of disease processes including demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. We will highlight the identified glycosphingolipid (SL) antigens of polyreactive remyelination-promoting antibodies and their proposed mechanism(s) of action. The nature of the identified antigens suggests a lipid raft-based mechanism for remyelination-promoting antibodies with SLs as most essential raft components. However, accumulating evidence also suggests involvement of other antigens in stimulation of remyelination, which will be discussed in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens O Watzlawik
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First Street, S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Halder S, Cotmore S, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Chen X, Trollope AJ, North SJ, Haslam SM, Dell A, Tattersall P, McKenna R, Agbandje-McKenna M. Profiling of glycan receptors for minute virus of mice in permissive cell lines towards understanding the mechanism of cell recognition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86909. [PMID: 24475195 PMCID: PMC3903596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of sialic acids by two strains of minute virus of mice (MVM), MVMp (prototype) and MVMi (immunosuppressive), is an essential requirement for successful infection. To understand the potential for recognition of different modifications of sialic acid by MVM, three types of capsids, virus-like particles, wild type empty (no DNA) capsids, and DNA packaged virions, were screened on a sialylated glycan microarray (SGM). Both viruses demonstrated a preference for binding to 9-O-methylated sialic acid derivatives, while MVMp showed additional binding to 9-O-acetylated and 9-O-lactoylated sialic acid derivatives, indicating recognition differences. The glycans recognized contained a type-2 Galβ1-4GlcNAc motif (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc or 3′SIA-LN) and were biantennary complex-type N-glycans with the exception of one. To correlate the recognition of the 3′SIA-LN glycan motif as well as the biantennary structures to their natural expression in cell lines permissive for MVMp, MVMi, or both strains, the N- and O-glycans, and polar glycolipids present in three cell lines used for in vitro studies, A9 fibroblasts, EL4 T lymphocytes, and the SV40 transformed NB324K cells, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The cells showed an abundance of the sialylated glycan motifs recognized by the viruses in the SGM and previous glycan microarrays supporting their role in cellular recognition by MVM. Significantly, the NB324K showed fucosylation at the non-reducing end of their biantennary glycans, suggesting that recognition of these cells is possibly mediated by the Lewis X motif as in 3′SIA-LeX identified in a previous glycan microarray screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan Cotmore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David F. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alana J. Trollope
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. North
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Tattersall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nagae M, Ikeda A, Hane M, Hanashima S, Kitajima K, Sato C, Yamaguchi Y. Crystal structure of anti-polysialic acid antibody single chain Fv fragment complexed with octasialic acid: insight into the binding preference for polysialic acid. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33784-33796. [PMID: 24100042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid is a linear homopolymer of α2-8-linked sialic acids attached mainly onto glycoproteins. Cell surface polysialic acid plays roles in cell adhesion and differentiation events in a manner that is often dependent on the degree of polymerization (DP). Anti-oligo/polysialic acid antibodies have DP-dependent antigenic specificity, and such antibodies are widely utilized in biological studies for detecting and distinguishing between different oligo/polysialic acids. A murine monoclonal antibody mAb735 has a unique preference for longer polymers of polysialic acid (DP >10), yet the mechanism of recognition at the atomic level remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of mAb735 single chain variable fragment (scFv735) in complex with octasialic acid at 1.8 Å resolution. In the asymmetric unit, two scFv735 molecules associate with one octasialic acid. In both complexes of the unit, all the complementarity-determining regions except for L3 interact with three consecutive sialic acid residues out of the eight. A striking feature of the complex is that 11 ordered water molecules bridge the gap between antibody and ligand, whereas the direct antibody-ligand interaction is less extensive. The dihedral angles of the trisialic acid unit directly interacting with scFv735 are not uniform, indicating that mAb735 does not strictly favor the previously proposed helical conformation. Importantly, both reducing and nonreducing ends of the bound ligand are completely exposed to solvent. We suggest that mAb735 gains its apparent high affinity for a longer polysialic acid chain by recognizing every three sialic acid units in a paired manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198.
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NMR study into the mechanism of recognition of the degree of polymerization by oligo/polysialic acid antibodies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6069-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rinflerch AR, Burgos VL, Ielpi M, Quintana MO, Hidalgo AM, Loresi M, Argibay PF. Inhibition of brain ST8SiaIII sialyltransferase leads to impairment of procedural memory in mice. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:397-404. [PMID: 23932970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several glycoproteins in mammalian brains contain α2,8-linked disialic acid residues. We previously showed a constant expression of disialic acid (DiSia) in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortex, and a gradual decrease of expression in the cerebellum from neonatal to senile mice. Previous publications indicate that neurite extension of neuroblastoma-derived Neuro2A cells is inhibited in the presence of DiSia antibody. Based on this, we treated Neuro2A cell cultures with RNA interference for ST8SiaIII mRNA, the enzyme responsible for DiSia formation. We observed that neurite extension was inhibited by this treatment. Taking this evidence into consideration and the relationship of the cerebellum with learning and memory, we studied the role of DiSia expression in a learning task. Through delivery of pST8SiaIII into the brains of C57BL/6 neonatal mice, we inhibited the expression of ST8SiaIII. ST8SiaIII mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. In this work, we showed that pST8SiaIII-treated mice presented a significantly reduced level of ST8SiaIII mRNA in the cerebellum (p<0.01) in comparison to control mice at 8 days after treatment. It is also noted that these levels returned to baseline values in the adulthood. Then, we evaluated behavioural performance in the T-Maze, a learning task that estimates procedural memory. At all ages, pST8SiaIII-treated mice showed a lower performance in the test session, being most evident at older ages (p<0.001). Taken all together, we conclude that gene expression of ST8SiaIII is necessary for some cognitive tasks at early postnatal ages, since reduced levels impaired procedural memory in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R Rinflerch
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental - Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Potosí 4240 8th floor, C1199ACL, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wootla B, Denic A, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M. Need for a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches to CNS injury. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:409-20. [PMID: 22449213 DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible damage to the nervous system can result from many causes including trauma, disruption of blood supply, pathogen infection or neurodegenerative disease. Common features following CNS injury include a disruption of axons, neuron death and injury, local B-cell and microglial activation, and the synthesis of pathogenic autoantibodies. CNS injury results in a pervasive inhibitory microenvironment that hinders regeneration. Current approaches to eliminate the inhibitory environment have met with limited success. These results argue for a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches to CNS injury. Targeting CNS cells (neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) themselves may drive CNS repair. For example, our group and others have demonstrated that autoreactive antibodies can participate in aspects of CNS regeneration, including remyelination. We have developed recombinant autoreactive natural human IgM antibodies with the therapeutic potential for CNS repair in several neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Takahashi K, Mitoma J, Hosono M, Shiozaki K, Sato C, Yamaguchi K, Kitajima K, Higashi H, Nitta K, Shima H, Miyagi T. Sialidase NEU4 hydrolyzes polysialic acids of neural cell adhesion molecules and negatively regulates neurite formation by hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14816-26. [PMID: 22393058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.324186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of levels of polysialic acid (polySia), a sialic acid polymer, predominantly associated with the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), influences neural functions, including synaptic plasticity, neurite growth, and cell migration. Biosynthesis of polySia depends on two polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV in vertebrate. However, the enzyme involved in degradation of polySia in its physiological turnover remains uncertain. In the present study, we identified and characterized a murine sialidase NEU4 that catalytically degrades polySia. Murine NEU4, dominantly expressed in the brain, was found to efficiently hydrolyze oligoSia and polySia chains as substrates in sialidase in vitro assays, and also NCAM-Fc chimera as well as endogenous NCAM in tissue homogenates of postnatal mouse brain as assessed by immunoblotting with anti-polySia antibodies. Degradation of polySia by NEU4 was also evident in neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells that were co-transfected with Neu4 and ST8SiaIV genes. Furthermore, in mouse embryonic hippocampal primary neurons, the endogenously expressed NEU4 was found to decrease during the neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, GFP- or FLAG-tagged NEU4 was partially co-localized with polySia in neurites and significantly suppressed their outgrowth, whereas silencing of NEU4 showed the acceleration together with an increase in polySia expression. These results suggest that NEU4 is involved in regulation of neuronal function by polySia degradation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
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Wang X, Mitra N, Cruz P, Deng L, Varki N, Angata T, Green ED, Mullikin J, Hayakawa T, Varki A. Evolution of siglec-11 and siglec-16 genes in hominins. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 29:2073-86. [PMID: 22383531 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a human-specific gene conversion of SIGLEC11 by an adjacent paralogous pseudogene (SIGLEC16P), generating a uniquely human form of the Siglec-11 protein, which is expressed in the human brain. Here, we show that Siglec-11 is expressed exclusively in microglia in all human brains studied-a finding of potential relevance to brain evolution, as microglia modulate neuronal survival, and Siglec-11 recruits SHP-1, a tyrosine phosphatase that modulates microglial biology. Following the recent finding of a functional SIGLEC16 allele in human populations, further analysis of the human SIGLEC11 and SIGLEC16/P sequences revealed an unusual series of gene conversion events between two loci. Two tandem and likely simultaneous gene conversions occurred from SIGLEC16P to SIGLEC11 with a potentially deleterious intervening short segment happening to be excluded. One of the conversion events also changed the 5' untranslated sequence, altering predicted transcription factor binding sites. Both of the gene conversions have been dated to ~1-1.2 Ma, after the emergence of the genus Homo, but prior to the emergence of the common ancestor of Denisovans and modern humans about 800,000 years ago, thus suggesting involvement in later stages of hominin brain evolution. In keeping with this, recombinant soluble Siglec-11 binds ligands in the human brain. We also address a second-round more recent gene conversion from SIGLEC11 to SIGLEC16, with the latter showing an allele frequency of ~0.1-0.3 in a worldwide population study. Initial pseudogenization of SIGLEC16 was estimated to occur at least 3 Ma, which thus preceded the gene conversion of SIGLEC11 by SIGLEC16P. As gene conversion usually disrupts the converted gene, the fact that ORFs of hSIGLEC11 and hSIGLEC16 have been maintained after an unusual series of very complex gene conversion events suggests that these events may have been subject to hominin-specific selection forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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36
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Janas T, Janas T. Membrane oligo- and polysialic acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2923-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rinflerch AR, Burgos VL, Hidalgo AM, Loresi M, Argibay PF. Differential expression of disialic acids in the cerebellum of senile mice. Glycobiology 2011; 22:411-6. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Takashima
- The Noguchi institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuji
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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