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Green A, Fleischman D, Mulcahy R, Kean B. Game changer-talent transfer pathways in sport: a systematic review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1401409. [PMID: 38783867 PMCID: PMC11111864 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1401409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research question Talent transfer, an accelerated sport pathway to expertise, holds considerable appeal for sports organisations. As an emerging area of academic research across a range of sport disciplines, there is opportunity for to advance knowledge and practice. This review aimed to (a) explore how talent transfer has been defined, to develop a synthesised definition; (b) systematically identify the factors that influence talent transfer; and (c) investigate how theory underpins and enhances understanding of talent transfer. Research methods A systematic review was conducted of 12 peer-reviewed journal articles on talent transfer using the PRISMA approach. Results and findings Aiming for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective, the results: introduce a clear, synthesised conceptualisation of talent transfer as an accelerated sport pathway in which a highly trained athlete in one sport (donor sport), transitions to a new sport (recipient sport) with the potential of achieving high-performance success; systematically map influencing factors; and outline considered theories. Factors influencing talent transfer span individual, task-related, and environmental constraints. The review exposes a scarcity of theoretical foundation in current research, suggesting ecological dynamics as a promising approach to advance research and practice. Implications Practical and theoretical implications arise, emphasising the usefulness of a synthesised definition and a multifactorial approach for designing, implementing, evaluating, and researching talent transfer pathways. This benefits sports administrators, managers, and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Green
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - David Fleischman
- School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Rory Mulcahy
- School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Bridie Kean
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Pugliese BJ, Barton BK, Lopez G. Predicting behavioral intentions for unsafe off-highway vehicle use. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 84:404-410. [PMID: 36868669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hundreds of adults are killed or injured each year while operating off-highway vehicles. Four common risk-taking behaviors were identified on off-highway vehicles in the literature and examined intention to engage in such behaviors within the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior. METHOD One hundred and sixty-one adults completed measures of experience on off-highway vehicles and injury exposure followed by a self-report created according to the predictive structure of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Behavioral intentions to engage in the four common injury risk behaviors on off-highway vehicles were predicted. RESULTS Similar to research on other risk behaviors, perceived behavioral control and attitudes emerged as consistently significant predictors. Subjective norms, the number of vehicles operated, and injury exposure showed varying relationships to the four injury risk behaviors. Results are discussed in the context of similar studies, intrapersonal predictors of injury risk behaviors, and with regard to implications for injury prevention efforts.
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Hatami F, Kakavand R. The effect of educational intervention on promoting safe behaviors in textile workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1559-1565. [PMID: 33783317 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1911124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral modification is an inseparable part of a comprehensive accident prevention strategy in a workplace. This study reports a behavior modification approach applied to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational safety training educational intervention on industrial textile workers in Borujerd, Iran. This research is a quasi-experimental Solomon four-group design participatory study conducted as a pre-test and post-test intervention. Totally, 85 workers participated in the study. The study was developed through a participatory approach, exclusively for the present research. In fact, we applied a combination concept of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and the theory of planned behavior in planning and implementing the educational interventions. The results revealed significant improvements among all four groups within 1 and 3 months post intervention. The percentage of unsafe practices declined dramatically when the program was implemented. In conclusion, the appropriately developed educational intervention program led to improved safety practices among workers in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Hatami
- Department of Occupational Health, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Rayhane Kakavand
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Iran
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Guerin RJ, Sleet DA. Using Behavioral Theory to Enhance Occupational Safety and Health: Applications to Health Care Workers. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:269-278. [PMID: 34025319 PMCID: PMC8120621 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619896979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related morbidity and mortality are persistent public health problems across all US industrial sectors, including health care. People employed in health care and social services are at high risk for experiencing injuries and illnesses related to their work. Social and behavioral science theories can be useful tools for designing interventions to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses and can provide a roadmap for investigating the multilevel factors that may hinder or promote worker safety and health. Specifically, individual-level behavioral change theories can be useful in evaluating the proximal, person-related antecedents (such as perceived behavioral control) that influence work safety outcomes. This article (1) provides a brief overview of widely used, individual-level behavior change theories and examples of their application to occupational safety and health (OSH)-related interventions that involve the health care community; (2) introduces an integrated theory of behavior change and its application to promoting the OSH of health care workers; and (3) discusses opportunities for application of individual-level behavior change theory to OSH research and practice activities involving health care workers. The use of behavioral science to consider the role of individual behaviors in promoting health and preventing disease and injury provides a necessary complement to structural approaches to protecting workers in the health care industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Guerin
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David A. Sleet
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Beatson R, Mclennan J. What Applied Social Psychology Theories Might Contribute to Community Bushfire Safety Research After Victoria's “Black Saturday”. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9544.2011.00041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC. Use of Social or Behavioral Theories in Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Research: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1515-1528. [PMID: 31187453 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social or behavioral theories within exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) research may lead to a better understanding of why adherence to the programs is low and inform the development of interventions to improve program adherence. There is a need to determine which theories have been used within the literature and at what level theory was used to further the field. OBJECTIVE To determine which social or behavioral science theories have been incorporated within ERIPP research and assess the level at which the theories were used. The key question guiding the search was "What social or behavioral theories have been used within ERIPP research?" METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed with an appraisal of bias risk using a custom critical appraisal tool. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and PubMed was completed from inception to October 2018. Studies investigating attitudes towards ERIPP participation with the use of a social or behavioral theoretical model or framework were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The electronic search returned 7482 results and two articles were identified though a hand search, which resulted in ten articles meeting inclusion criteria. Four different behavioral or social theoretical models or frameworks were identified including the health action process approach model, health belief model, self-determination theory, and theory of planned behavior. Six studies utilized the theory at a B level meaning a theoretical construct was measured while four utilized the theory at the C level meaning the theory was tested. The mean critical appraisal score was 78%, indicating a majority of the studies were higher quality. CONCLUSION There has been an increase in the use of theory within literature that is specific to ERIPP participation. Additionally, the use of theory has shifted from guiding program design to the measurement of theoretical constructs and testing of the theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gabriel
- College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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Crizzle AM, Dykeman C, Laberge S, MacLeod A, Olsen-Lynch E, Brunet F, Andrews A. A public health approach to mobilizing community partners for injury prevention: A scoping review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210734. [PMID: 30668594 PMCID: PMC6342297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing injuries in adults requires work with diverse stakeholders across many sectors and at multiple levels. At the local level, public health professionals need to effectively bring together, facilitate, and support community partners to initiate evidence-based efforts. However, there has been no formal review of the literature to inform how these professionals can best create action among community partners to address injuries in adults. Thus, this scoping review aims to identify theories, models or frameworks that are applicable to a community-based approach to injury prevention. METHODS Searches of scientific and less formal literature identified 13,756 relevant items published in the English language between 2000 and 2016 in North America, Europe and Australia. After screening and review, 10 publications were included that (1) identified a theory, framework or model related to mobilizing partners; and (2) referred to community-based adult injury prevention. RESULTS Findings show that use of theories, frameworks and models in community-based injury prevention programs is rare and often undocumented. One theory and various conceptual models and frameworks exist for mobilizing partners to jointly prevent injuries; however, there are few evaluations of the processes to create community action. CONCLUSIONS Successful community-based injury prevention must build on what is already understood about creating partnership action. Evaluating local public health professional injury prevention practice based on available theories, models and frameworks will identify successes and challenges to inform process improvements. We propose a logic model to more specifically guide and evaluate how public health can work locally with community partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Crizzle
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathy Dykeman
- Halton Region Health Department, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Laberge
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann MacLeod
- Trent Fleming School of Nursing, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen Olsen-Lynch
- Trent Fleming School of Nursing, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - France Brunet
- Eastern Ontario Health Unit, Cornwall, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Andrews
- Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
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The impact of theory-based educational intervention on improving helmet use behavior among workers of cement factory, Iran. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2019; 94:1. [PMID: 30679877 PMCID: PMC6323090 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-018-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The occurrence of occupational accidents is a serious public health issue in industrial workers and may impose life jeopardizing complications. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a training intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on helmet use of workers in cement factories in Khoy and Urmia, Northwest of Iran. Materials and methods This study was a controlled quasi-experimental investigation (before and after) which was conducted on 170 workers employed in Khoy and Urmia cement factories, Northwest of Iran. Eighty-five eligible subjects from Khoy (as intervention group) and 85 similar samples from Urmia (as control group) were selected and recruited. A valid and reliable four-part questionnaire was used to collect the data including socio demographic information, awareness, the theory constructs, and the behavior. After completing the study questionnaire and needs assessment, a specific educational program was implemented on the intervention group only. The effects of education were compared between the groups before and after intervention. The posttest was applied 1 month after educational intervention. Results The mean age of workers in the intervention and control groups was 34.32 ± 8.19 and 33.62 ± 6.17 years, respectively. Before education, the mean score of awareness and helmet use behavior of intervention group was 6.15 ± 3.4 and 5.35 ± 2.8, but after education, those changed into 13.61 ± 3.10 and 9.15 ± 1.65, and the differences were significant (p < 0.01). In addition, before education, the mean score of attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, and behavioral intention of intervention group was 27 ± 5.17, 37.74 ± 6.92, 29.56 ± 6.17, and 17.65 ± 4.90, respectively. After education, the mean score of those changed into 37.26 ± 4.76, 48.34 ± 5.64, 42 ± 8.07, and 24.79 ± 5.33, respectively, and changes were statistically significant (p < 0.01), while no statistically significant differences were observed in awareness, the behavior, and the theory constructs in the control group after the intervention. Conclusion and recommendations The TPB-based educational approach had a remarkable effect on helmet use of workers. Applying this theory to improve workers’ personal protective behaviors is recommended and emphasized.
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Cherry C, Leong KM, Wallen R, Buttke D. Risk-enhancing behaviors associated with human injuries from bison encounters at Yellowstone National Park, 2000-2015. One Health 2018; 6:1-6. [PMID: 30069498 PMCID: PMC6066602 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellowstone National Park is home to the largest bison population on public land in the United States. Although Yellowstone regulations require visitors to remain at least 23 m from bison, since 1980, bison have injured more visitors to Yellowstone than any other animal. We examined a series of bison-related injuries at Yellowstone to evaluate the circumstances of these injuries and to identify common risk-enhancing behaviors that lead to injury. To do this, we analyzed narrative case incident records from law enforcement regarding bison-human encounters in Yellowstone during 2000-2015. Data regarding demographics, preencounter activities, number of persons involved, type of injury, and acknowledgement of appropriate viewing distance were extracted from the records. Bison encounters resulted in injury to 25 persons (21 visitors and 4 employees). Age range for injured persons was 7-68 years (median: 49 years), and 13 were female. All injuries occurred in areas of high visitor concentration. Mean visitor distance from bison before injury was 3.4 m (range: 0.3-6.1 m). Twenty persons (80%) actively approached bison before their injuries; 5 (20%) failed to retreat when bison approached. Fifteen persons (60%) were injured when in a group of ≥3 persons approaching bison. Twelve persons (48%) sustained injuries while photographing bison. Six persons (24%) acknowledged they were too close to bison. Education alone might not be sufficient to reduce bison-related injuries. Effective injury prevention campaigns for national parks require an understanding of the behaviors and motivations of persons who approach bison. Including behavioral science and behavior change techniques in bison injury prevention campaigns might reduce injuries at Yellowstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Cherry
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Office of Public Health, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
- Wildlife Health Branch, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Kirsten M. Leong
- Wildlife Conservation Branch, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Rick Wallen
- Bison Ecology and Management Team, Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, USA
| | - Danielle Buttke
- Office of Public Health, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
- Wildlife Health Branch, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Ojo TK. Seat belt and child restraint use in a developing country metropolitan city. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 113:325-329. [PMID: 29477798 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seat belt and child restraint use is noted to be poor in developing countries such as Ghana. An unobstructive observational survey guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour was therefore conducted to assess seat belt and child restraint use in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The observational survey was carried out at the entrances of four nursery schools in medium and high class residential areas in the Metropolis to determine seat belt use by drivers and accompanied child being transported/dropped off in school. The results revealed that a total of 1922 vehicles comprising 826(43.0%) cars, 350(18.2%) SUV, 644(33.5%) taxis and 102(5.3%) mini buses with 3844 vehicle occupants comprising 1922 drivers and child apiece were successively observed. The majority of the drivers (53.1%) did not use the seat belt with 13.2% of the children been restrained. The gender of the driver has a relationship with the seat belt use. The vehicle type has a relationship with the child restraint use and the gender of the driver has a significant relationship with child restraint use. The enforcement of the Road Traffic Act 2004 and Road Traffic Regulation 2180 by the officials of Motor Transport and Traffic Department(MTTD) of the Ghana Police Service in collaboration with National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) can establish social norms that may have a greater potential to enhance seat belt and child restraint use in the Metropolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolawole Ojo
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana(1).
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11
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Gielen AC. Wombs and Whippersnappers: Reflections on Health Education Research and Opportunities for the Future. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018; 43:613-620. [PMID: 27827813 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116678215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
My talk will describe two public health problems facing women and children that were the focus of the work my colleagues and I did over my years as a health behavior change researcher. I start by addressing why a focus on women and children is important from a public health perspective and then provide two mini case studies: (1) identifying needs and interventions for women living with HIV and intimate partner violence and (2) disseminating proven interventions to reduce unintentional injuries in children. The conclusions present thoughts on the contributions of health education to these public health concerns and opportunities for the future.
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12
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Hogan CM, Weaver NL, Cioni C, Fry J, Hamilton A, Thompson S. Parental Perceptions, Risks, and Incidence of Pediatric Unintentional Injuries. J Emerg Nurs 2017; 44:267-273. [PMID: 28988836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 9,000 children die annually from various causes of unintentional injury. Of all the pediatric unintentional injuries occurring in the United States, 8.7 million are treated in emergency departments, and 225,000 require hospitalization annually. Health education programs are available to address these injuries. The objective of this research was to examine the distribution of self-reported high priority injury risks in an urban Midwestern pediatric level 1 trauma center and investigate the relationship between parental perceptions and injury-prevention behaviors. Prevalence rates for 3 data sources are compared. METHODS Missouri Information for Community Assessment (MICA) was categorized to mirror variables corresponding with risks of injury presented in the Safe 'n' Sound (SNS) program. Level 1 trauma center data were examined to determine how the variables were distributed compared with MICA data and with the parent-reported levels. RESULTS A total of 429 SNS surveys were compared with ED data and MICA data. For SNS users, car crashes were identified as the highest risk, specifically due to the use of incorrect car seats. The injuries seen most often in the emergency department were falls, and falls were also the most prevalent injury captured by MICA. Controlling for demographics, parental perceptions predicted several risks for injury. DISCUSSION Because parental perceptions are significantly related to risks of injury, prevention programs aiming to decrease injuries could focus on the perceptions. Not only can perceptions be used to tailor health communication materials, these perceptions can be the targets of change. Further work might investigate the extent to which changes in perceptions result in increased adoption of safety practices.
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Hunter K, Keay L, Clapham K, Brown J, Bilston LE, Lyford M, Gilbert C, Ivers RQ. "He's the Number One Thing in My World": Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model to Explore Child Car Seat Use in a Regional Community in New South Wales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101206. [PMID: 28994725 PMCID: PMC5664707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We explored the factors influencing the use of age-appropriate car seats in a community with a high proportion of Aboriginal families in regional New South Wales. We conducted a survey and three focus groups with parents of children aged 3–5 years enrolled at three early learning centres on the Australian south-east coast. Survey data were triangulated with qualitative data from focus groups and analysed using the PRECEDE-PROCEED conceptual framework. Of the 133 eligible families, 97 (73%) parents completed the survey including 31% of parents who reported their children were Aboriginal. Use of age-appropriate car seats was reported by 80 (83%) of the participants, and awareness of the child car seat legislation was high (91/97, 94%). Children aged 2–3 years were less likely reported to be restrained in an age-appropriate car seat than were older children aged 4–5 years (60% versus 95%: χ2 = 19.14, p < 0.001). Focus group participants highlighted how important their child’s safety was to them, spoke of the influence grandparents had on their use of child car seats and voiced mixed views on the value of authorised child car seat fitters. Future programs should include access to affordable car seats and target community members as well as parents with clear, consistent messages highlighting the safety benefits of using age-appropriate car seats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hunter
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Lisa Keay
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Kathleen Clapham
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Julie Brown
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lynne E Bilston
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia.
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Marilyn Lyford
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Celeste Gilbert
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Peterson CL, Evans KD, Axiotis IR. Sonographer Scanning Practices and Musculoskeletal Injury: Evaluation of an Occupational Health Issue Using the Health Belief Model. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317727460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) is a multifactorial occupational health problem affecting sonographers. Potential contributing factors to the development of MSI include the repetitive motion involved in the practice of diagnostic medical sonography, the design of the ultrasound equipment and workstations, patient volume, and sonographer work practices. This descriptive feasibility study evaluated the factors influencing sonographers’ use of self-protective scanning practices and was informed by some isolated constructs of the health belief model. Scanning practices, attitudes, and beliefs about MSI were collected in surveys before and after an educational seminar about MSI. The instrument that was developed can now be used for a larger data collection on this topic. Areas that remain to be addressed by the instrument include barriers to the adoption of self-protective scanning practices and the role self-efficacy in MSI prevention.
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Denehy M, Leavy JE, Jancey J, Nimmo L, Crawford G. This Much Water: a qualitative study using behavioural theory to develop a community service video to prevent child drowning in Western Australia. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017005. [PMID: 28760802 PMCID: PMC5642767 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drowning in children under the age of 5 is a frequently occurring, yet preventable event. This research used behavioural theory to test the suitability and appropriateness of a drowning prevention message in a community service video. DESIGN This qualitative study used content analysis of focus groups. Constructs from the Health Belief Model guided the data analysis. SETTING Community organisations and playgrounds in Perth, Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS Participants were parents or carers of at least one child under 5 years residing in Western Australia. Seven focus groups (n=57) were conducted with eight participants in each group. Most participants were parents (96%), female (95%), aged between 25 and 34 years (63%) and were born in Australia (68%). RESULTS Participants indicated the community service video was credible in communicating the message that young children were susceptible to drowning in shallow water and that various water hazards existed in and around the home. However, a range of external factors, such as the child's age, type of water hazard, presence of siblings and other environmental factors, influenced risk perceptions. Child drowning was seen as a serious issue. Controlling access to water and the role of supervision were understood to be important factors in preventing drowning. CONCLUSIONS The lack of published drowning prevention interventions shaped by behavioural theory limits the understanding of best practice. Using constructs from the Health Belief Model, this research confirmed the perceived seriousness, devastating and unforgettable consequence of drowning; however, findings were mixed regarding cues to action. Future development of drowning prevention media messages should test strategies to increase susceptibility and self-efficacy among the target group and explore the impact of different message senders. The findings provide a valuable understanding of possible messages and their execution for use in media campaigns, as one component of an effective public health intervention to prevent child drowning underpinned by behavioural theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Denehy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Justine E Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren Nimmo
- Royal Life Saving Society Western Australia Inc., Perth, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Register-Mihalik J, Baugh C, Kroshus E, Y Kerr Z, Valovich McLeod TC. A Multifactorial Approach to Sport-Related Concussion Prevention and Education: Application of the Socioecological Framework. J Athl Train 2017; 52:195-205. [PMID: 28387550 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To offer an overview of sport-related concussion (SRC) prevention and education strategies in the context of the socioecological framework (SEF). Athletic trainers (ATs) will understand the many factors that interact to influence SRC prevention and the implications of these interactions for effective SRC education. BACKGROUND Concussion is a complex injury that is challenging to identify and manage, particularly when athletes fail to disclose symptoms to their health care providers. Education is 1 strategy for increasing disclosure. However, limited information addresses how ATs can integrate the many factors that may influence the effectiveness of SRC education into their specific settings. Public health models provide an example through the SEF, which highlights the interplay among various levels of society and sport that can facilitate SRC prevention strategies, including education. DESCRIPTION For ATs to develop appropriate SRC prevention strategies, a framework for application is needed. A growing body of information concerning SRC prevention indicates that knowledge alone is insufficient to change concussion-related behaviors. The SEF allows this information to be considered at levels such as policy and societal, community, interpersonal (relationships), and intrapersonal (athlete). The use of such a framework will facilitate more comprehensive SRC prevention efforts that can be applied in all athletic training practice settings. Clinical Applications: Athletic trainers can use this information as they plan SRC prevention strategies in their specific settings. This approach will aid in addressing the layers of complexity that exist when developing a concussion-management policy and plan.
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Wang Y, Gielen AC, Magder LS, Hager ER, Black MM. A randomised safety promotion intervention trial among low-income families with toddlers. Inj Prev 2017; 24:41-47. [PMID: 28385953 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toddler-aged children are vulnerable to unintentional injuries, especially those in low-income families. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in social cognitive theory (SCT) on the reduction of home safety problems among low-income families with toddlers. METHODS 277 low-income mother-toddler dyads were randomised into a safety promotion intervention (n=91) or an attention-control group (n=186). Mothers in the safety promotion intervention group received an eight-session, group-delivered safety intervention targeting fire prevention, fall prevention, poison control and car seat use, through health education, goal-setting and social support. Data collectors observed participants' homes and completed a nine-item checklist of home safety problems at study enrolment (baseline), 6 and 12 months after baseline. A total score was summed, with high scores indicating more problems. Linear mixed models compared the changes over time in home safety problems between intervention and control groups. RESULTS The intent-to-treat analysis indicated that the safety promotion intervention group significantly reduced safety problems to a greater degree than the attention-control group at the 12-month follow-up (between-group difference in change over time β=-0.54, 95% CI -0.05 to -1.03, p=0.035), with no significant differences at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A safety promotion intervention built on principles of SCT has the potential to promote toddlers' home safety environment. Future studies should examine additional strategies to determine whether better penetration/compliance can produce more clinically important improvement in home safety practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02615158; post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin R Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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McDonald EM, Kennedy-Hendricks A, McGinty EE, Shields WC, Barry CL, Gielen AC. Safe Storage of Opioid Pain Relievers Among Adults Living in Households With Children. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2161. [PMID: 28219969 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe safe storage practices and beliefs among adults who have used a prescription opioid pain reliever (OPR) in the past year; to compare practices and beliefs among those living with younger (<7 years) versus older children (7-17 years). METHODS A survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of adults reporting OPR use in the previous 12 months and who had children <18 years old living with them. We used Health Belief Model-derived items to measure beliefs. Safe storage was defined as locked or latched for younger children and as locked for older children. Regression models examined the association between beliefs and safe storage practices. RESULTS Among 681 adults who completed our survey and reported having children in their home, safe storage was reported by 32.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.4-43.8) of those with only young children, 11.7% (95% CI, 7.2-16.2) among those with only older children, and 29.0% (95% CI, 18.3-39.8) among those with children in both age groups. Among those asked to answer survey questions thinking about only their oldest child, the odds of reporting safe storage decreased by half as perceived barriers increased (0.505; 95% CI, 0.369-0.692), increased twofold as efficacy increased (2.112; 95% CI, 1.390-3.210), and increased (1.728; 95% CI, 1.374-2.174) as worry increased. CONCLUSIONS OPRs are stored unsafely in many households with children. Educational messages should address perceived barriers related to safe storage while emphasizing how it may reduce OPR access among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McDonald
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, .,Department of Health, Behavior and Society
| | - Alene Kennedy-Hendricks
- Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy Research.,Department of Health Policy and Management, and
| | - Emma E McGinty
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy.,Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy Research.,Department of Health Policy and Management, and.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wendy C Shields
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy.,Department of Health Policy and Management, and
| | - Colleen L Barry
- Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy Research.,Department of Health Policy and Management, and.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society
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Guttman N. Reprint of "Persuasive appeals in road safety communication campaigns: Theoretical frameworks and practical implications from the analysis of a decade of road safety campaign materials". ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 97:298-308. [PMID: 27839792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Communication campaigns are employed as an important tool to promote road safety practices. Researchers maintain road safety communication campaigns are more effective when their persuasive appeals, which are central to their communicative strategy, are based on explicit theoretical frameworks. This study's main objectives were to develop a detailed categorization of persuasive appeals used in road safety communication campaigns that differentiate between appeals that appear to be similar but differ conceptually, and to indicate the advantages, limitations and ethical issues associated with each type, drawing on behavior change theories. Materials from over 300 campaigns were obtained from 41 countries, mainly using road safety organizations' websites. Drawing on the literature, five types of main approaches were identified, and the analysis yielded a more detailed categorizations of appeals within these general categories. The analysis points to advantages, limitations, ethical issues and challenges in using different types of appeals. The discussion summarizes challenges in designing persuasive-appeals for road safety communication campaigns.
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20
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Eagle L, Hamann M, Low DR. The role of social marketing, marine turtles and sustainable tourism in reducing plastic pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:324-332. [PMID: 27048689 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental plastic pollution constitutes a significant hazard to marine turtles, human health and well-being. We describe a transdisciplinary approach to draw together findings from diverse disciplines in order to highlight key environmental pollution problems and their consequences, together with social marketing-based strategies to address the problems. The example of plastic pollution and impacts to marine turtles illustrates the severity of the problem. Wildlife tourism and sustainable tourism activity have not focussed on specific behaviours to change and have had minimal impact on subsequent human behaviour regarding environmental issues, indicating the need for new strategies. Social marketing principles offer promise, but there is a need to investigate the utility of various theoretical foundations to aid the design and implementation of interventions. We offer insight towards using sophisticated multi-method research to develop insights into behaviours and segmentation-based strategies, that can aid the identification of barriers to, and enablers of, sustained behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Eagle
- College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - David R Low
- College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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21
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McNamara T. Questioning risk-based fire and life safety education age priorities. Inj Prev 2016; 23:73-74. [PMID: 27260965 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Hulme A, Finch CF. The epistemic basis of distance running injury research: A historical perspective. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:172-175. [PMID: 30356477 PMCID: PMC6188616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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23
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Denehy M, Crawford G, Leavy J, Nimmo L, Jancey J. Formative research to develop theory-based messages for a Western Australian child drowning prevention television campaign: study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010033. [PMID: 27207621 PMCID: PMC4885311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, children under the age of 5 years are at particular risk of drowning. Responding to this need requires the development of evidence-informed drowning prevention strategies. Historically, drowning prevention strategies have included denying access, learning survival skills and providing supervision, as well as education and information which includes the use of mass media. Interventions underpinned by behavioural theory and formative evaluation tend to be more effective, yet few practical examples exist in the drowning and/or injury prevention literature. The Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory will be used to explore participants' perspectives regarding proposed mass media messaging. This paper describes a qualitative protocol to undertake formative research to develop theory-based messages for a child drowning prevention campaign. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The primary data source will be focus group interviews with parents and caregivers of children under 5 years of age in metropolitan and regional Western Australia. Qualitative content analysis will be used to analyse the data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will contribute to the drowning prevention literature to inform the development of future child drowning prevention mass media campaigns. Findings from the study will be disseminated to practitioners, policymakers and researchers via international conferences, peer and non-peer-reviewed journals and evidence summaries. The study was submitted and approved by the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Denehy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Justine Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Nimmo
- Royal Life Saving Society Western Australia Inc., Mount Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Leavy JE, Crawford G, Portsmouth L, Jancey J, Leaversuch F, Nimmo L, Hunt K. Recreational Drowning Prevention Interventions for Adults, 1990-2012: A Review. J Community Health 2016; 40:725-35. [PMID: 25618578 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-9991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drowning is a frequently occurring and preventable public health issue. Internationally, drowning literature has focussed on children under 5 years, however, evidence based interventions to prevent adult drowning are needed to reduce deaths on a global scale. The aim of this paper is to systematically identify and analyse the evidence for drowning interventions with an adult focus. A systematic search was undertaken for peer-reviewed articles which were published in English between 1990 and 2012, focused on adults and described a drowning intervention. After quality appraisal by expert reviewers using a purposively tailored checklist, a final total of six studies were included for review. The six studies were all conducted in high income countries. Four were drowning interventions, two were retrospective analyses. The drowning interventions duration ranged from 10 days to 5 years, the analysis studies from 6 to 21 years. Two of the studies reviewed used behaviour change theory to inform development, and two reported formative evaluation. Prevention strategies included education (n = 3), technology (n = 1) and environmental (n = 1). Positive short term effects and significant behaviour change in life jacket use was reported (n = 2). A mixed effect was observed in the six studies. The complexity of the issues surrounding drowning requires the collection of robust data and evaluation of preventative measures to support the development of targeted and tailored prevention interventions. This review reinforces the need for a genuine and sustained global approach to addressing adult drowning prevention. Drowning is a serious public health issue and should receive the same attention as other public health priorities .
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Leavy
- Western Australian Centre for Health Promotion Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, WA, Australia,
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25
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Fielding-Miller R, Davidson P, Raj A. Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 32:100-3. [PMID: 27129793 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Peter Davidson
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Anita Raj
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
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26
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Atkins L, Hunkeler EM, Jensen CD, Michie S, Lee JK, Doubeni CA, Zauber AG, Levin TR, Quinn VP, Corley DA. Factors influencing variation in physician adenoma detection rates: a theory-based approach for performance improvement. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83:617-26.e2. [PMID: 26366787 PMCID: PMC4762744 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interventions to improve physician adenoma detection rates for colonoscopy have generally not been successful, and there are little data on the factors contributing to variation that may be appropriate targets for intervention. We sought to identify factors that may influence variation in detection rates by using theory-based tools for understanding behavior. METHODS We separately studied gastroenterologists and endoscopy nurses at 3 Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical centers to identify potentially modifiable factors relevant to physician adenoma detection rate variability by using structured group interviews (focus groups) and theory-based tools for understanding behavior and eliciting behavior change: the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation behavior model; the Theoretical Domains Framework; and the Behavior Change Wheel. RESULTS Nine factors potentially associated with adenoma detection rate variability were identified, including 6 related to capability (uncertainty about which types of polyps to remove, style of endoscopy team leadership, compromised ability to focus during an examination due to distractions, examination technique during withdrawal, difficulty detecting certain types of adenomas, and examiner fatigue and pain), 2 related to opportunity (perceived pressure due to the number of examinations expected per shift and social pressure to finish examinations before scheduled breaks or the end of a shift), and 1 related to motivation (valuing a meticulous examination as the top priority). Examples of potential intervention strategies are provided. CONCLUSIONS By using theory-based tools, this study identified several novel and potentially modifiable factors relating to capability, opportunity, and motivation that may contribute to adenoma detection rate variability and be appropriate targets for future intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Atkins
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, England
| | | | | | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Chyke A. Doubeni
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ann G. Zauber
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Virginia P. Quinn
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
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27
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Hulme A, Finch CF. From monocausality to systems thinking: a complementary and alternative conceptual approach for better understanding the development and prevention of sports injury. Inj Epidemiol 2015; 2:31. [PMID: 26691678 PMCID: PMC4673096 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-015-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The science of sports injury control, including both its cause and prevention, has largely been informed by a biomedical and mechanistic model of health. Traditional scientific practice in sports injury research has routinely involved collapsing the broader socioecological landscape down in order to analyse individual-level determinants of injury - whether biomechanical and/or behavioural. This approach has made key gains for sports injury prevention research and should be further encouraged and allowed to evolve naturally. However, the public health, Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, and injury epidemiological literature more broadly, has accepted the value of a socioecological paradigm for better understanding disease and injury processes, and sports injury research will fall further behind unless it does the same. A complementary and alternative conceptual approach towards injury control known as systems thinking that builds on socioecological science, both methodologically and analytically, is readily available and fast developing in other research areas. This review outlines the historical progression of causal concepts in the field of epidemiology over the course of the modern scientific era. From here, causal concepts in injury epidemiology, and models of aetiology as found in the context of sports injury research are presented. The paper finishes by proposing a new research agenda that considers the potential for a systems thinking approach to further enhance sports injury aetiological understanding. A complementary systems paradigm, however, will require that sports injury epidemiologists bring their knowledge and skillsets forwards in an attempt to use, adapt, and even refine existing systems-based approaches. Alongside the natural development of conventional scientific methodologies and analyses in sports injury research, progressing forwards to a systems paradigm is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulme
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sports and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353 Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sports and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353 Australia
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Zamani-Alavijeh F, Narimani N, Montazeri A, Fakhri A, Mansourian M, Shafiee A, Heydarabadi AB. Self-reported risk behaviors among offender motorcyclists in Ahvaz City. Electron Physician 2015; 7:1464-9. [PMID: 26767099 PMCID: PMC4700891 DOI: 10.19082/1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Road traffic accidents are among the most critical public health issues. Many people die on the roads each day and tens of millions sustain nonfatal injuries. The aim of this study is to describe the high-risk behaviors of motorcyclists in which police had to confiscate their motorcycles. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 motorcyclists in Iran from December 2010 to February 2011. A researcher-created questionnaire was used to collect data on self-reported high-risk behaviors, including passing the crossroads without considering the traffic light, refusing to wear a helmet, performing stunts in the street, and driving in the opposite direction. The collected data was descriptively analyzed. Results The mean age of motorcyclists was 29.3 years (SD=8.26). Twenty-six percent (n=62) of the participants did not have a motorcycle driver’s license. The analysis of risk behaviors showed that 60.8% (n=146) of the motorcycle drivers usually passed crossroads without considering the traffic light and 20.8% (n=50) performed stunts in the street. Conclusions This study indicates that the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among motorcyclists is significant. Health education interventions may inhibit these behaviors, thus reducing the risk of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
- Ph.D. of Health Education, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Narimani
- M.Sc. Student of Health Education, Faculty of Health, Department of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Ph.D., Professor, Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fakhri
- Ph.D. of Psychiatric, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Ph.D. of Health Education, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shafiee
- Ph.D. Student, Department of Industrial Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi
- Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Public Health, Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guttman N. Persuasive appeals in road safety communication campaigns: Theoretical frameworks and practical implications from the analysis of a decade of road safety campaign materials. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 84:153-164. [PMID: 26422583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Communication campaigns are employed as an important tool to promote road safety practices. Researchers maintain road safety communication campaigns are more effective when their persuasive appeals, which are central to their communicative strategy, are based on explicit theoretical frameworks. This study's main objectives were to develop a detailed categorization of persuasive appeals used in road safety communication campaigns that differentiate between appeals that appear to be similar but differ conceptually, and to indicate the advantages, limitations and ethical issues associated with each type, drawing on behavior change theories. Materials from over 300 campaigns were obtained from 41 countries, mainly using road safety organizations' websites. Drawing on the literature, five types of main approaches were identified, and the analysis yielded a more detailed categorizations of appeals within these general categories. The analysis points to advantages, limitations, ethical issues and challenges in using different types of appeals. The discussion summarizes challenges in designing persuasive-appeals for road safety communication campaigns.
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30
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Booth A, Carroll C. Systematic searching for theory to inform systematic reviews: is it feasible? Is it desirable? Health Info Libr J 2015; 32:220-35. [PMID: 26095232 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recognising the potential value of theory in understanding how interventions work comes a challenge - how to make identification of theory less haphazard? OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility of systematic identification of theory. METHOD We searched PubMed for published reviews (1998-2012) that had explicitly sought to identify theory. Systematic searching may be characterised by a structured question, methodological filters and an itemised search procedure. We constructed a template (BeHEMoTh - Behaviour of interest; Health context; Exclusions; Models or Theories) for use when systematically identifying theory. The authors tested the template within two systematic reviews. RESULTS Of 34 systematic reviews, only 12 reviews (35%) reported a method for identifying theory. Nineteen did not specify how they identified studies containing theory. Data were unavailable for three reviews. Candidate terms include concept(s)/conceptual, framework(s), model(s), and theory/theories/theoretical. Information professionals must overcome inadequate reporting and the use of theory out of context. The review team faces an additional concern in lack of 'theory fidelity'. CONCLUSIONS Based on experience with two systematic reviews, the BeHEMoTh template and procedure offers a feasible and useful approach for identification of theory. Applications include realist synthesis, framework synthesis or review of complex interventions. The procedure requires rigorous evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Booth
- Health Economics & Decision Science (HEDS), School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher Carroll
- Health Economics & Decision Science (HEDS), School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Hall IJ, Johnson-Turbes A. Use of the Persuasive Health Message framework in the development of a community-based mammography promotion campaign. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:775-84. [PMID: 25724414 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe how the Persuasive Health Message (PHM) framework was used to guide the formative evaluation informing development of messages and materials used in a community-based multi-media campaign intended to motivate low-income African American women to obtain low- or no-cost mammograms through the CDC's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. METHODS Seventy-eight African American women were recruited for eight focus groups that discussed breast cancer screening. The moderator guide was developed in accordance with the PHM framework and solicited information on perceived threat and efficacy, cues, salient beliefs and referents, and barriers to self-efficacy. RESULTS We created persuasive messages to emphasize that African American women are susceptible to the threat of breast cancer, but that their personal action in obtaining regular mammograms may lead to early detection, subsequent treatment, and reduced cancer mortality. The messages addressed concerns of self-efficacy by emphasizing that uninsured women can also obtain high-quality low- or no-cost mammograms. In an attempt to combat the sentiment that breast cancer is a death sentence, the messages indicated that breast cancer can be successfully treated, especially when detected early. CONCLUSIONS The PHM framework consists of three steps: (1) determine information about threat and efficacy; (2) develop an audience profile; and (3) construct a persuasive message. It offered our team easy-to-follow, flexible steps to create a persuasive and effective campaign promoting awareness and use of mammogram screening among low-income African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J Hall
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA,
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Michie S, Hardeman W, Fanshawe T, Prevost AT, Taylor L, Kinmonth AL. Investigating theoretical explanations for behaviour change: the case study of ProActive. Psychol Health 2014; 23:25-39. [PMID: 25159905 DOI: 10.1080/08870440701670588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing more effective behavioural interventions requires an understanding of the mechanisms of behaviour change, and methods to rigorously test their theoretical basis. The delivery and theoretical basis of an intervention protocol were assessed in ProActive, a UK trial of an intervention to increase the physical activity of those at risk of Type 2 diabetes (N = 365). In 108 intervention sessions, behaviours of facilitators were mapped to four theories that informed intervention development and behaviours of participants were mapped to 17 theoretical components of these four theories. The theory base of the intervention specified by the protocol was different than that delivered by facilitators, and that received by participants. Of the intervention techniques delivered, 25% were associated with theory of planned behaviour (TPB), 42% with self-regulation theory (SRT), 24% with operant learning theory (OLT) and 9% with relapse prevention theory (RPT). The theoretical classification of participant talk showed a different pattern, with twice the proportion associated with OLT (48%), 21% associated with TPB, 31% with SRT and no talk associated with RPT. This study demonstrates one approach to assessing the extent to which the theories used to guide intervention development account for any changes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Michie
- a Department of Psychology , University College London , 1-19 Torrington Place , London WC1E 7HB , UK
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Melzer-Lange MD, Zonfrillo MR, Gittelman MA. Injury prevention: opportunities in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin North Am 2013; 60:1241-53. [PMID: 24093906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young patients, emergency departments have a significant opportunity to provide injury-prevention interventions at a teachable moment. The emergency department has the ability to survey injuries in the community, use the hospital setting to screen patients, provide products, offer resources to assist families within this setting to change their risky behaviors, and connect families to community resources. With a thoughtful, collaborative approach, emergency departments are an excellent setting within which to promote injury prevention among patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene D Melzer-Lange
- Emergency Department Trauma Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9000 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Corporate Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, C550, 999 North 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Kroshus E, Daneshvar DH, Baugh CM, Nowinski CJ, Cantu RC. NCAA concussion education in ice hockey: an ineffective mandate. Br J Sports Med 2013; 48:135-40. [PMID: 23956336 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang LL, Dalal K, Wang SM. Injury related risk behaviour: a Health belief model-based study of primary school students in a safe community in Shanghai. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70563. [PMID: 23950963 PMCID: PMC3738544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the relationship between Health belief model (HBM) and children and adolescents' unintentional injury risk behavior, to add some useful information for injury prevention. Methodology We investigated injury related health risk behavior and health belief status of students at primary schools grade 3 to 4, in a Safe Community, in Shanghai. Self-administered injury questionnaires were used to investigate risk behavior of students and HBM factors. Principal Findings The prevalence of risk behavior among students reported in this community was high. HBM scores showed differences between two groups of students classified by whether they had risk behavior or not. Self-efficacy was highly related with the status of socio-psychological behavior. Significance HBM has been widely used in explaining the disease-related behavior; however, it has been seldom used in injury-related behavior. The study demonstrated important relation of HBM to students' injury issues, and HBM could explain injury related behavior as well, especially for traffic injury-related behavior. When developing injury prevention strategies, we can take it into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, “Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education”, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Koustuv Dalal
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (CIPSP), School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- School of Public Health, “Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education”, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Parker EM, Gielen AC, McDonald EM, Shields WC, Trump AR, Koon KM, Jones V. Fire and scald burn risks in urban communities: who is at risk and what do they believe about home safety? HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2013; 28:599-611. [PMID: 23487557 PMCID: PMC3708136 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyt046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While largely preventable, fire and hot water-related injuries are common in the United States. Measures recommended to reduce these injuries are smoke alarms (SAs) and lowered hot water temperatures. This study aims to: (i) describe the prevalence of working SAs and safe water temperatures among low-income, urban communities and (ii) explore the relationship between these behaviors and individuals' knowledge and beliefs about them. In this cross-sectional study, the Health Belief Model was used as a guide for understanding the safety behaviors. A total of 603 households had their SAs and hot tap water temperatures tested and were surveyed about their knowledge and beliefs related to these safety behaviors. We found that 40% of households had working SAs on every level and 57% had safe hot water temperatures. Perceived severity and self-efficacy were significantly associated with SA coverage, whereas perceived susceptibility and beliefs about benefits were significantly associated with safe hot water temperatures. This study demonstrates the need to increase the number of homes with working SAs and safe hot water temperatures. Messages focused on a safe home environment could communicate the ease and harm reduction features of SAs and benefits and risk reduction features of safe hot water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Parker
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society and Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Simpson J, Fougere G, McGee R. A wicked problem: early childhood safety in the dynamic, interactive environment of home. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1647-64. [PMID: 23615453 PMCID: PMC3709340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young children being injured at home is a perennial problem. When parents of young children and family workers discussed what influenced parents' perceptions and responses to child injury risk at home, both "upstream" and "downstream" causal factors were identified. Among the former, complex and interactive facets of society and contemporary living emerged as potentially critical features. The "wicked problems" model arose from the need to find resolutions for complex problems in multidimensional environments and it proved a useful analogy for child injury. Designing dynamic strategies to provide resolutions to childhood injury, may address our over-dependence on 'tame solutions' that only deal with physical cause-and-effect relationships and which cannot address the complex interactive contexts in which young children are often injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Simpson
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Fougere
- Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand; E-Mail:
| | - Rob McGee
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; E-Mail:
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Bakhtiyari M, Mehmandar MR, Mirbagheri B, Hariri GR, Delpisheh A, Soori H. An epidemiological survey on road traffic crashes in Iran: application of the two logistic regression models. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2013; 21:103-9. [PMID: 23356677 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2012.762027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors of human-related traffic crashes are the most important and preventable challenges for community health due to their noteworthy burden in developing countries in particular. The present study aims to investigate the role of human risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran. Through a cross-sectional study using the COM 114 data collection forms, the police records of almost 600,000 crashes occurred in 2010 are investigated. The binary logistic regression and proportional odds regression models are used. The odds ratio for each risk factor is calculated. These models are adjusted for known confounding factors including age, sex and driving time. The traffic crash reports of 537,688 men (90.8%) and 54,480 women (9.2%) are analysed. The mean age is 34.1 ± 14 years. Not maintaining eyes on the road (53.7%) and losing control of the vehicle (21.4%) are the main causes of drivers' deaths in traffic crashes within cities. Not maintaining eyes on the road is also the most frequent human risk factor for road traffic crashes out of cities. Sudden lane excursion (OR = 9.9, 95% CI: 8.2-11.9) and seat belt non-compliance (OR = 8.7, CI: 6.7-10.1), exceeding authorised speed (OR = 17.9, CI: 12.7-25.1) and exceeding safe speed (OR = 9.7, CI: 7.2-13.2) are the most significant human risk factors for traffic crashes in Iran. The high mortality rate of 39 people for every 100,000 population emphasises on the importance of traffic crashes in Iran. Considering the important role of human risk factors in traffic crashes, struggling efforts are required to control dangerous driving behaviours such as exceeding speed, illegal overtaking and not maintaining eyes on the road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- a School of Public Health & Health Research Institute , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Fuentes-Gómez V, Crespillo-García E, Enríquez de Luna-Rodríguez M, Fontalba-Díaz F, Gavira-Albiach P, Rivas-Ruiz F, Soler-Méndez S. Factores predisponentes, facilitadores y reforzadores de la higiene de manos en un ámbito hospitalario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 27:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cali.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cranston CC, Davis JL, Rhudy JL, Favorite TK. Replication and expansion of "Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults". J Clin Sleep Med 2012; 7:549-53; discussion 554-6. [PMID: 22003352 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The August 2010 issue of Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (Vol. 6, No. 4) included an article suggesting treatment recommendations for adult nightmare disorder. Although we appreciate the work by the authors, we were left with three basic concerns about the methodology utilized and results found. First, works providing evidence for some of the treatments were not reported in the original article. Second, search methodology in the original article was not used consistently at updated time points. Third, the original article only utilized results obtained from PubMed and did not consider other databases. The current study sought to replicate the methodology and compare findings as well as expand by equalizing search methodology across updated time points. The present study expands the original efforts further by conducting article searches again on PsycINFO. Consequent changes to evidence levels and recommendations are discussed.
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Encouraging junior community netball players to learn correct safe landing technique. J Sci Med Sport 2011; 15:19-24. [PMID: 22014976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioural factors and beliefs are important determinants of the adoption of sports injury interventions. This study aimed to understand behavioural factors associated with junior community netball players' intentions to learn correct landing technique during coach-led training sessions, proposed as a means of reducing their risk of lower limb injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS 287 female players from 58 junior netball teams in the 2007/2008-summer competition completed a 13-item questionnaire developed from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This assessed players' attitudes (four items), subjective norms (four), perceived behavioural control (four) and intentions (one) around the safety behaviour of learning correct landing technique at netball training. All items were rated on a seven-point bipolar scale. Cluster-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess which TPB constructs were most associated with strong intentions. RESULTS Players had positive intentions and attitudes towards learning safe landing technique and perceived positive social pressure from significant others. They also perceived themselves to have considerable control over engaging (or not) in this behaviour. Players' attitudes (p<0.001) and subjective norms (p<0.001), but not perceived behavioural control (p=0.49), were associated with strong intentions to learn correct landing technique at training. CONCLUSIONS Injury prevention implementation strategies aimed at maximising junior players' participation in correct landing training programs should emphasise the benefits of learning correct landing technique (i.e. change attitudes) and involve significant others and role models whom junior players admire (i.e. capitalise on social norms) in the promotion of such programs.
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Hosking J, Ameratunga S, Morton S, Blank D. A life course approach to injury prevention: a "lens and telescope" conceptual model. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:695. [PMID: 21899775 PMCID: PMC3177801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although life course epidemiology is increasingly employed to conceptualize the determinants of health, the implications of this approach for strategies to reduce the burden of injuries have received little recognition to date. Methods The authors reviewed core injury concepts and the principles of the life course approach. Based on this understanding, a conceptual model was developed, to provide a holistic view of the mechanisms that underlie the accumulation of injury risk and their consequences over the life course. Results A "lens and telescope" model is proposed that particularly draws on (a) the extended temporal dimension inherent in the life course approach, with links between exposures and outcomes that span many years, or even generations, and (b) an ecological perspective, according to which the contexts in which individuals live are critical, as are changes in those contexts over time. Conclusions By explicitly examining longer-term, intergenerational and ecological perspectives, life course concepts can inform and strengthen traditional approaches to injury prevention and control that have a strong focus on proximal factors. The model proposed also serves as a tool to identify intervention strategies that have co-benefits for other areas of health.
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Shams M, Shojaeizadeh D, Majdzadeh R, Rashidian A, Montazeri A. Taxi drivers' views on risky driving behavior in Tehran: a qualitative study using a social marketing approach. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2011; 43:646-651. [PMID: 21376850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of the social marketing approach for public health issues is increasing. This approach uses marketing concepts borrowed from the principles of commercial marketing to promote beneficial health behaviors. In this qualitative study, four focus groups involving 42 participants were used in consumer research to explore taxi drivers' views on the driving situation and the determinants of risky driving behaviors in Tehran, as well as to gather their ideas for developing a social marketing program to reduce risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran, Iran. Participants were asked to respond to questions that would guide the development of a marketing mix, or four Ps (product, price, place and promotion). The discussions determined that the program product should involve avoiding risky driving behaviors through increased attention to driving. They pointed out that developing and communicating with a well-designed persuasive message meant to draw their attention to driving could affect their driving behaviors. In addition, participants identified price, place and promotion strategies. They offered suggestions for marketing nonrisky driving to the target audience. The focus group discussions generated important insights into the values and the motivations that affect consumers' decisions to adopt the product. The focus group guided the development of a social marketing program to reduce risky driving behaviors in taxi drivers in Tehran, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shams
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave, Tehran, Iran
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Verhagen EALM, van Stralen MM, van Mechelen W. Behaviour, the key factor for sports injury prevention. Sports Med 2011; 40:899-906. [PMID: 20942507 DOI: 10.2165/11536890-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Safety in sports and physical activity is an important prerequisite for continuing participation in sports, as well as for maintenance of a healthy physically active lifestyle. For this reason, prevention, reduction and control of sports injuries are important goals for society as a whole. Recent advances in sports medicine discuss the need for research on real-life injury prevention. Such views call for a more behavioural approach when it comes to actual sports injury prevention. Nevertheless, the role of behaviour in sports injury prevention remains under-researched. In order to push the field of sports injury prevention forward, this article provides an overview of the relationship between behaviour and sports injury risk. Different types of behaviour relate to injury risk factors and injury mechanisms. Behaviour that influences risk factors and injury mechanisms is not confined only to the athlete. Various types of behaviour by, for example, the coach, referee, physical therapist or sports associations, also influence risk factors and injury mechanisms. In addition, multiple behaviours often act together. Some types of behaviour may directly affect injury risk and are by definition a risk factor. Other behaviours may only affect risk factors and injury mechanisms, and influence injury risk indirectly. Recent ideas on injury prevention that call for studies on real-life injury prevention still rely heavily on preventive measures that are established through efficacy research. A serious limitation in such an approach is that one expects that proven preventive measures will be adopted if the determinants and influences of sports safety behaviours are understood. Therefore, if one truly wants to prevent sports injuries in a real-life situation, a broader research focus is needed. In trying to do so, we need to look at lessons learned from other fields of injury prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert A L M Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Germeni E, Lionis C, Kalampoki V, Davou B, Belechri M, Petridou E. Evaluating the impact of a school-based helmet promotion program on eligible adolescent drivers: different audiences, different needs? HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2010; 25:865-876. [PMID: 20647334 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyq038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The school environment has been often identified as a prosperous venue for public health improvement. This study is a cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of a school-based helmet promotion program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of eligible adolescent drivers. Four public, four private and four vocational high schools situated in Attica, Greece, were sorted by type and randomly assigned to receive a 1-month intervention, based on the concepts of the Health Belief Model, or serve as controls. Self-report data were collected at baseline from 741 second grade students (∼16 years) and immediately after program completion. Linear mixed models with random student effects were used to estimate mean changes in scores for each treatment group and corresponding between groups differences of changes. Likelihood-based analysis showed that the intervention yielded a significant improvement in knowledge about helmet use. Yet, its impact on attitudes and practices appeared to vary across different school types. With current research offering ambiguous results on the appropriate timing of injury prevention efforts, this study suggests that educational programs targeting road safety can lead to positive changes if tailored to the needs of specific population groups and implemented during critical life periods, such as the transition to driving status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Germeni
- Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries (CEREPRI), Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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McGlashan AJ, Finch CF. The Extent to Which Behavioural and Social Sciences Theories and Models are Used in Sport Injury Prevention Research. Sports Med 2010; 40:841-58. [DOI: 10.2165/11534960-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Winston FK, Jacobsohn L. A practical approach for applying best practices in behavioural interventions to injury prevention. Inj Prev 2010; 16:107-12. [PMID: 20363817 PMCID: PMC2921282 DOI: 10.1136/ip.2009.021972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural science when combined with engineering, epidemiology and other disciplines creates a full picture of the often fragmented injury puzzle and informs comprehensive solutions. To assist efforts to include behavioural science in injury prevention strategies, this paper presents a methodological tutorial that aims to introduce best practices in behavioural intervention development and testing to injury professionals new to behavioural science. This tutorial attempts to bridge research to practice through the presentation of a practical, systematic, six-step approach that borrows from established frameworks in health promotion and disease prevention. Central to the approach is the creation of a programme theory that links a theoretically grounded, empirically tested behaviour change model to intervention components and their evaluation. Serving as a compass, a programme theory allows for systematic focusing of resources on the likely most potent behavioural intervention components and directs evaluation of intervention impact and implementation. For illustration, the six-step approach is applied to the creation of a new peer-to-peer campaign, Ride Like a Friend/Drive Like You Care, to promote safe teen driver and passenger behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaura K Winston
- The Center for Injury Research & Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Manganello J, Blake N. A study of quantitative content analysis of health messages in U.S. media from 1985 to 2005. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2010; 25:387-396. [PMID: 20677043 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2010.483333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Content analysis is a research method that was traditionally utilized by communication scholars, but as the study of media messages has grown, scholars in other fields have increasingly relied on the methodology. This paper reports on a systematic review of studies using quantitative content analysis methods to examine health messages in the mass media, excluding the Internet, from 1985 to 2005. We searched for health-related content analysis studies published in peer-reviewed journals, identifying 441 articles meeting inclusion criteria. We examined article attributes including theories used, topics, media type, and intercoder reliability measures, and looked at differences over time. Our findings show that studies focusing on health-related messages increased from 1985 to 2005. During this time, studies primarily examined magazines, television, and newspapers, with an emphasis on topics related to substance use, violence, sex, and obesity and body image. Results suggest that studies published in communication journals are significantly more likely to include intercoder reliability data and theory discussion. We recommend that all publications, regardless of discipline or impact factor, request the inclusion of intercoder reliability data reported for individual variables, and suggest that authors address theoretical concepts when appropriate. We also encourage authors to include the term "content analysis," as well as media type and health topic studied, as keywords to make it easier to locate articles of interest when conducting literature searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Manganello
- Department of Health Policy Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY 12144-3456, USA.
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Beirens TMJ, van Beeck EF, Brug J, den Hertog P, Raat H. Why do parents with toddlers store poisonous products safely? Int J Pediatr 2010; 2010:702827. [PMID: 20671943 PMCID: PMC2910461 DOI: 10.1155/2010/702827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintentional poisoning is a major cause of nonfatal injuries in children aged 0-24 months. Associations between self-reported habits on the child safe storage of medication and cleaning products and family, and psychosocial factors were assessed, using a model based on the Protection Motivation Theory. By identifying correlates of safety behavior in this manner, more insight in factors which influence this behavior is obtained. Health promotion activities in order to promote safety behavior should address these factors in order to increase the effectiveness of the health message. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires, mailed to a population sample of 2470 parents with toddlers. The results indicate that the promotion of safe storage of medication and cleaning products should address the family situation, personal cognitive factors as well as social factors. Interventions should particularly focus on parents' self-efficacy of storing poisonous products in a child safe manner and on the vulnerability of their child in their home concerning an unintentional poisoning incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinneke M. J. Beirens
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard F. van Beeck
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Brug
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul den Hertog
- Consumer Safety Institute, 1070 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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