1
|
Jeong JH, Lee H, Kim D, Park E, Woo J, Cho Y, Keum G, Lee A, Kang T, Kim J, Choo H, Lee S, Jeon B. Identification of an Antagonist Targeting G Protein and β-Arrestin Signaling Pathways of 5-HT 7R. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1026-1041. [PMID: 38387042 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In consideration of the limited number of FDA-approved drugs for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), significant efforts have been devoted to identifying novel drug candidates. Among these, 5-HT7R modulators have garnered considerable attention due to their potential in alleviating autism-like behaviors in ASD animal models. In this study, we designed and synthesized biphenyl-3-ylmethylpyrrolidines 3 and biphenyl-3-yl-dihydroimidazoles 4 as 5-HT7R modulators. Through extensive biological tests of 3 and 4 in G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways of 5-HT7R, it was determined that 2-(2'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole 4h acted as a 5-HT7R antagonist in both signaling pathways. In in vivo study with Shank3-/- transgenic (TG) mice, the self-grooming behavior test was performed with 4h, resulting in a significant reduction in the duration of self-grooming. In addition, an immunohistochemical experiment with 4h restored reduced neurogenesis in Shank3-/- TG mice, which is confirmed by the quantification of doublecortin (DCX) positive neurons, suggesting the promising therapeutic potential of 4h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansoo Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsun Jeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shim T, Kim JY, Kim W, Lee YI, Cho B, Moon C. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 regulates neurite morphogenesis during neurodevelopment. iScience 2024; 27:108933. [PMID: 38318354 PMCID: PMC10839267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuritogenesis is crucial for establishing proper neuronal connections during brain development; its failure causes neurodevelopmental defects. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes participate in various neurodevelopmental processes by regulating protein stability. We demonstrated the regulatory function of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) in neurite morphogenesis during early neurodevelopment. Cul4a and Cul4b, the core scaffold proteins of CRL4, exhibit high expression and activation within the cytosol of developing neurons, regulated by neuronal stimulation through N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling. CRL4 also interacts with cytoskeleton-regulating proteins involved in neurite morphogenesis. Notably, genetic depletion and inhibition of cytosolic CRL4 enhance neurite extension and branching in developing neurons. Conversely, Cul4a overexpression suppresses basal and NMDA-enhanced neuritogenesis. Furthermore, CRL4 and its substrate adaptor regulate the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of doublecortin protein. Collectively, our findings suggest that CRL4 ensures proper neurite morphogenesis in developing neurons by regulating cytoskeleton-regulating proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Shim
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - WonCheol Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongki Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Crellin HA, Cheerambathur D, McNally FJ. Redundant microtubule crosslinkers prevent meiotic spindle bending to ensure diploid offspring in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011090. [PMID: 38150489 PMCID: PMC10775986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic spindles mediate the expulsion of ¾ of the genome into polar bodies to generate diploid zygotes in nearly all animal species. Failures in this process result in aneuploid or polyploid offspring that are typically inviable. Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation and polar body extrusion require the spindle to elongate while maintaining its structural integrity. Previous studies have implicated three hypothetical activities during this process, including microtubule crosslinking, microtubule sliding and microtubule polymerization. However, how these activities regulate spindle rigidity and elongation as well as the exact proteins involved in the activities remain unclear. We discovered that C. elegans meiotic anaphase spindle integrity is maintained through redundant microtubule crosslinking activities of the Kinesin-5 family motor BMK-1, the microtubule bundling protein SPD-1/PRC1, and the Kinesin-4 family motor, KLP-19. Using time-lapse imaging, we found that single depletion of KLP-19KIF4A, SPD-1PRC1 or BMK-1Eg5 had minimal effects on anaphase B spindle elongation velocity. In contrast, double depletion of SPD-1PRC1 and BMK-1Eg5 or double depletion of KLP-19KIF4A and BMK-1Eg5 resulted in spindles that elongated faster, bent in a myosin-dependent manner, and had a high rate of polar body extrusion errors. Bending spindles frequently extruded both sets of segregating chromosomes into two separate polar bodies. Normal anaphase B velocity was observed after double depletion of KLP-19KIF4A and SPD-1PRC1. These results suggest that KLP-19KIF4A and SPD-1PRC1 act in different pathways, each redundant with a separate BMK-1Eg5 pathway in regulating meiotic spindle elongation. Depletion of ZYG-8, a doublecortin-related microtubule binding protein, led to slower anaphase B spindle elongation. We found that ZYG-8DCLK1 acts by excluding SPD-1PRC1 from the spindle. Thus, three mechanistically distinct microtubule regulation modules, two based on crosslinking, and one based on exclusion of crosslinkers, power the mechanism that drives spindle elongation and structural integrity during anaphase B of C.elegans female meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Helena A. Crellin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dhanya Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francis J. McNally
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Czajkowski ER, Divekar NS, Wignall SM. The doublecortin-family kinase ZYG-8 DCLK1 regulates motor activity to achieve proper force balance in C. elegans acentrosomal spindles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568242. [PMID: 38045228 PMCID: PMC10690225 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although centrosomes help organize spindles in most cell types, oocytes of most species lack these structures. During acentrosomal spindle assembly in C. elegans oocytes, microtubule minus ends are sorted outwards away from the chromosomes where they form poles, but then these outward forces must be balanced to form a stable bipolar structure. How proper force balance is achieved in these spindles is not known. Here, we have gained insight into this question through studies of ZYG-8, a conserved doublecortin-family kinase; the mammalian homolog of this microtubule-associated protein is upregulated in many cancers and has been implicated in cell division, but the mechanisms by which it functions are poorly understood. Interestingly, we found that ZYG-8 depletion from oocytes resulted in spindles that were over-elongated, suggesting that there was excess outward force following ZYG-8 removal. Experiments with monopolar spindles confirmed this hypothesis and revealed a role for ZYG-8 in regulating the force-generating motor BMK-1/kinesin-5. Importantly, further investigation revealed that kinase activity is required for the function of ZYG-8 in both meiosis and mitosis. Altogether, our results support a model in which ZYG-8 regulates motor-driven forces within the oocyte spindle, thus identifying a new function for a doublecortin-family protein in cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Czajkowski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Nikita S Divekar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sarah M Wignall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Edey J, Soleimani-Nouri P, Dawson-Kavanagh A, Imran Azeem MS, Episkopou V. X-linked neuronal migration disorders: Gender differences and insights for genetic screening. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:581-599. [PMID: 37574439 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development depends on neuronal migration of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are conditions characterised by anatomical cortical defects leading to varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment, developmental delay and seizures. Refractory epilepsy affects 15 million people worldwide, and it is thought that cortical developmental disorders are responsible for 25% of childhood cases. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders, nor are their aetiologies fully understood, though many are associated with sporadic genetic mutations. In this review, we aim to highlight X-linked NMDs including lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria because of their mostly familial inheritance pattern. We focus on the most prominent genes responsible: including DCX, ARX, FLNA, FMR1, L1CAM, SRPX2, DDX3X, NSHDL, CUL4B and OFD1, outlining what is known about their prevalence among NMDs, and the underlying pathophysiology. X-linked disorders are important to recognise clinically, as females often have milder phenotypes. Consequently, there is a greater chance they survive to reproductive age and risk passing the mutations down. Effective genetic screening is important to prevent and treat these conditions, and for this, we need to know gene mutations and have a clear understanding of the function of the genes involved. This review summarises the knowledge base and provides clear direction for future work by both scientists and clinicians alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Edey
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Payam Soleimani-Nouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vasso Episkopou
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Venkat A, Watterson G, Byrne DP, O'Boyle B, Shrestha S, Gravel N, Fairweather EE, Daly LA, Bunn C, Yeung W, Aggarwal I, Katiyar S, Eyers CE, Eyers PA, Kannan N. Mechanistic and evolutionary insights into isoform-specific 'supercharging' in DCLK family kinases. eLife 2023; 12:RP87958. [PMID: 37883155 PMCID: PMC10602587 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic signaling outputs of protein kinases are dynamically regulated by an array of structural mechanisms, including allosteric interactions mediated by intrinsically disordered segments flanking the conserved catalytic domain. The doublecortin-like kinases (DCLKs) are a family of microtubule-associated proteins characterized by a flexible C-terminal autoregulatory 'tail' segment that varies in length across the various human DCLK isoforms. However, the mechanism whereby these isoform-specific variations contribute to unique modes of autoregulation is not well understood. Here, we employ a combination of statistical sequence analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro mutational analysis to define hallmarks of DCLK family evolutionary divergence, including analysis of splice variants within the DCLK1 sub-family, which arise through alternative codon usage and serve to 'supercharge' the inhibitory potential of the DCLK1 C-tail. We identify co-conserved motifs that readily distinguish DCLKs from all other calcium calmodulin kinases (CAMKs), and a 'Swiss Army' assembly of distinct motifs that tether the C-terminal tail to conserved ATP and substrate-binding regions of the catalytic domain to generate a scaffold for autoregulation through C-tail dynamics. Consistently, deletions and mutations that alter C-terminal tail length or interfere with co-conserved interactions within the catalytic domain alter intrinsic protein stability, nucleotide/inhibitor binding, and catalytic activity, suggesting isoform-specific regulation of activity through alternative splicing. Our studies provide a detailed framework for investigating kinome-wide regulation of catalytic output through cis-regulatory events mediated by intrinsically disordered segments, opening new avenues for the design of mechanistically divergent DCLK1 modulators, stabilizers, or degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Grace Watterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Brady O'Boyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Nathan Gravel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Leonard A Daly
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Bunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Ishan Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Samiksha Katiyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Venkat A, Watterson G, Byrne DP, O’Boyle B, Shrestha S, Gravel N, Fairweather EE, Daly LA, Bunn C, Yeung W, Aggarwal I, Katiyar S, Eyers CE, Eyers PA, Kannan N. Mechanistic and evolutionary insights into isoform-specific 'supercharging' in DCLK family kinases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534689. [PMID: 37034755 PMCID: PMC10081240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic signaling outputs of protein kinases are dynamically regulated by an array of structural mechanisms, including allosteric interactions mediated by intrinsically disordered segments flanking the conserved catalytic domain. The Doublecortin Like Kinases (DCLKs) are a family of microtubule-associated proteins characterized by a flexible C-terminal autoregulatory 'tail' segment that varies in length across the various human DCLK isoforms. However, the mechanism whereby these isoform-specific variations contribute to unique modes of autoregulation is not well understood. Here, we employ a combination of statistical sequence analysis, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro mutational analysis to define hallmarks of DCLK family evolutionary divergence, including analysis of splice variants within the DCLK1 sub-family, which arise through alternative codon usage and serve to 'supercharge' the inhibitory potential of the DCLK1 C-tail. We identify co-conserved motifs that readily distinguish DCLKs from all other Calcium Calmodulin Kinases (CAMKs), and a 'Swiss-army' assembly of distinct motifs that tether the C-terminal tail to conserved ATP and substrate-binding regions of the catalytic domain to generate a scaffold for auto-regulation through C-tail dynamics. Consistently, deletions and mutations that alter C-terminal tail length or interfere with co-conserved interactions within the catalytic domain alter intrinsic protein stability, nucleotide/inhibitor-binding, and catalytic activity, suggesting isoform-specific regulation of activity through alternative splicing. Our studies provide a detailed framework for investigating kinome-wide regulation of catalytic output through cis-regulatory events mediated by intrinsically disordered segments, opening new avenues for the design of mechanistically-divergent DCLK1 modulators, stabilizers or degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Grace Watterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dominic P. Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Brady O’Boyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nathan Gravel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emma E. Fairweather
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Leonard A. Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Claire Bunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ishan Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samiksha Katiyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Patrick A. Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reed KM, Mendoza KM, Strasburg GM, Velleman SG. Transcriptome response of proliferating muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge in commercial turkey. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970243. [PMID: 36091406 PMCID: PMC9452691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress poses a threat to agricultural systems through increased risk to animal growth, health, and production. Exposure of poultry, especially hatchlings, to extreme temperatures can seriously affect muscle development and thus compromise subsequent meat quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells (SCs) cultured from commercial birds under thermal challenge to determine the applicability of previous results obtained for select research lines. Satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 1-week old commercial fast-growing birds (Nicholas turkey, NCT) and from a slower-growing research line (RBC2) were proliferated in culture at 38°C or 43°C for 72 h. RNAseq analysis found statistically significant differences in gene expression among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered in the NCT SCs suggesting early myogenesis. Pathway analysis identified cell signaling and regulation of Ca2+ as important responses. Expression of the intercellular signaling Wnt genes, particularly Wnt5a and 7a was significantly altered by temperature with differential response between lines. The peripheral calcium channel RYR3 gene was among the genes most highly upregulated by heat stress. Increased expression of RYR3 would likely result in higher resting cytosolic calcium levels and increased overall gene transcription. Although responses in the calcium signaling pathway were similar among the RBC2 and NCT lines, the magnitude of expression changes was greater in the commercially selected birds. These results provide evidence into how SC activity, cellular fate, and ultimately muscle development are altered by heat stress and commercial selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Reed
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kent M. Reed,
| | - Kristelle M. Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN, United States
| | - Gale M. Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sandra G. Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lins ÉM, Oliveira NCM, Reis O, Ferrasa A, Herai R, Muotri AR, Massirer KB, Bengtson MH. Genome-wide translation control analysis of developing human neurons. Mol Brain 2022; 15:55. [PMID: 35706057 PMCID: PMC9199153 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal differentiation, neuroprogenitor cells become polarized, change shape, extend axons, and form complex dendritic trees. While growing, axons are guided by molecular cues to their final destination, where they establish synaptic connections with other neuronal cells. Several layers of regulation are integrated to control neuronal development properly. Although control of mRNA translation plays an essential role in mammalian gene expression, how it contributes temporarily to the modulation of later stages of neuronal differentiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how translation control affects pathways and processes essential for neuronal maturation, using H9-derived human neuro progenitor cells differentiated into neurons as a model. Through Ribosome Profiling (Riboseq) combined with RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis, we found that translation control regulates the expression of critical hub genes. Fundamental synaptic vesicle secretion genes belonging to SNARE complex, Rab family members, and vesicle acidification ATPases are strongly translationally regulated in developing neurons. Translational control also participates in neuronal metabolism modulation, particularly affecting genes involved in the TCA cycle and glutamate synthesis/catabolism. Importantly, we found translation regulation of several critical genes with fundamental roles regulating actin and microtubule cytoskeleton pathways, critical to neurite generation, spine formation, axon guidance, and circuit formation. Our results show that translational control dynamically integrates important signals in neurons, regulating several aspects of its development and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érico Moreto Lins
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PGBM), UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Natássia Cristina Martins Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.,Center of Medicinal Chemistry-CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium-SGC, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Adriano Ferrasa
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.,Department of Computer Science, State University of Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Herai
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, Brazil
| | - Katlin Brauer Massirer
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-CBMEG, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil.,Center of Medicinal Chemistry-CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium-SGC, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Mário Henrique Bengtson
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Center of Medicinal Chemistry-CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium-SGC, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rafiei A, Cruz Tetlalmatzi S, Edrington CH, Lee L, Crowder DA, Saltzberg DJ, Sali A, Brouhard G, Schriemer DC. Doublecortin engages the microtubule lattice through a cooperative binding mode involving its C-terminal domain. eLife 2022; 11:66975. [PMID: 35485925 PMCID: PMC9122500 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that regulates MT structure and function during neuronal development and mutations in DCX lead to a spectrum of neurological disorders. The structural properties of MT-bound DCX that explain these disorders are incompletely determined. Here, we describe the molecular architecture of the DCX–MT complex through an integrative modeling approach that combines data from X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and a high-fidelity chemical crosslinking method. We demonstrate that DCX interacts with MTs through its N-terminal domain and induces a lattice-dependent self-association involving the C-terminal structured domain and its disordered tail, in a conformation that favors an open, domain-swapped state. The networked state can accommodate multiple different attachment points on the MT lattice, all of which orient the C-terminal tails away from the lattice. As numerous disease mutations cluster in the C-terminus, and regulatory phosphorylations cluster in its tail, our study shows that lattice-driven self-assembly is an important property of DCX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Rafiei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - Linda Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - D Alex Crowder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel J Saltzberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Gary Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David C Schriemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin JR, Cheng JF, Liu YT, Hsu TR, Lin KM, Chen C, Lin CL, Tsai MH, Tsai JW. Novel lissencephaly-associated DCX variants in the C-terminal DCX domain affect microtubule binding and dynamics. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1253-1265. [PMID: 35213059 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic variants in DCX on the X chromosome lead to lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), brain malformations caused by neuronal migration defects. Its product doublecortin (DCX) binds to microtubules to modulate microtubule polymerization. How pathogenic DCX variants affect these activities remains not fully investigated. METHODS DCX variants were identified using whole exome and Sanger sequencing from six families with lissencephaly/SBH. We examined how these variants affect DCX functions using microtubule binding, regrowth, and colocalization assays. RESULTS We found novel DCX variants p.Val177AlafsTer31 and p.Gly188Trp, as well as reported variants p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Thr203Ala. Incidentally, all of the missense variants were clustered on the C-terminal DCX domain. The microtubule binding ability was significantly decreased in p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Lys202Met, and previously reported p.Asp262Gly variants. Furthermore, expression of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Gly188Trp, p.Arg196His, p.Lys202Met, and p.Asp262Gly variants hindered microtubule growth in cells. There were also decreases in the colocalization of p.Val177AlafsTer31, p.Thr203Ala, and p.Asp262Gly variants to microtubules. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that these variants in the C-terminal DCX domain altered microtubule binding and dynamics, which may underlie neuronal migration defects during brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ru Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Epilepsy, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rong Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Min Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chien Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Epilepsy, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DeOliveira-Mello L, Vicente I, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Santos-Ledo A, Velasco A, Arévalo R, Lara JM, Mack AF. Doublecortin in the Fish Visual System, a Specific Protein of Maturing Neurons. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020248. [PMID: 35205114 PMCID: PMC8869232 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Doublecortin (DCX) is an essential protein in the development of the central nervous system and in lamination of the mammalian cortex. It is known that the expression of DCX is restricted to newborn neurons. The visual system of teleost fish has been postulated as an ideal model since it continuously grows throughout the animal’s life. Here, we report a comparative expression analysis of DCX between two teleost fish species as well as a bioinformatic analysis with other animal groups. Our results demonstrate that DCX is very useful for identifying new neurons in the visual systems of Astatotilapia burtoni, but is absent in Danio rerio. Abstract Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein, essential for correct central nervous system development and lamination in the mammalian cortex. It has been demonstrated to be expressed in developing—but not in mature—neurons. The teleost visual system is an ideal model to study mechanisms of adult neurogenesis due to its continuous life-long growth. Here, we report immunohistochemical, in silico, and western blot analysis to detect the DCX protein in the visual system of teleost fish. We clearly determined the expression of DCX in newly generated cells in the retina of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, but not in the cyprinid fish Danio rerio. Here, we show that DCX is not associated with migrating cells but could be related to axonal growth. This work brings to light the high conservation of DCX sequences between different evolutionary groups, which make it an ideal marker for maturing neurons in various species. The results from different techniques corroborate the absence of DCX expression in zebrafish. In A. burtoni, DCX is very useful for identifying new neurons in the transition zone of the retina. In addition, this marker can be applied to follow axons from maturing neurons through the neural fiber layer, optic nerve head, and optic nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeOliveira-Mello
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabel Vicente
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Veronica Gonzalez-Nunez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Velasco
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosario Arévalo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan M. Lara
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.G.-N.); (A.S.-L.); (A.V.); (R.A.); (J.M.L.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andreas F. Mack
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rafiei A, Schriemer DC. A Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry Protocol for the Structural Analysis of Microtubule-Associated Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2456:211-222. [PMID: 35612744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2124-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) engage microtubules (MTs) to regulate both the MT state and wide variety of cytoskeletal functions. A comprehensive understanding of MAPs function requires the structural characterization of physical contacts MAPs make with other proteins, particularly when engaged with the microtubule (MT) lattice. Most of the interaction between MAPs and MTs evade classical structural determination techniques, as the interactions can be both heterogenous and sub-stoichiometric. Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) can aid in MAP-MT structure analysis by providing a wealth of residue-based distance restraints. This protocol provides an XL-MS workflow for accurate and unbiased sampling of an equilibrated MAP-MT interaction, involving modifications to the preparation and validation of a MAP-MT construct suitable for crosslinking with fast-sampling heterobifunctional crosslinkers. The distance restrains obtained by this protocol can be used to generate accurate models assembled with an integrative structural modeling approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Rafiei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David C Schriemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loureiro-Campos E, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Patrício P, Soares-Cunha C, Silva J, Sardinha VM, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Silveira-Rosa T, Domingues AV, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira J, Sousa N, Alves ND, Pinto L. Constitutive deficiency of the neurogenic hippocampal modulator AP2γ promotes anxiety-like behavior and cumulative memory deficits in mice from juvenile to adult periods. eLife 2021; 10:70685. [PMID: 34859784 PMCID: PMC8709574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor activating protein two gamma (AP2γ) is an important regulator of neurogenesis both during embryonic development as well as in the postnatal brain, but its role for neurophysiology and behavior at distinct postnatal periods is still unclear. In this work, we explored the neurogenic, behavioral, and functional impact of a constitutive and heterozygous AP2γ deletion in mice from early postnatal development until adulthood. AP2γ deficiency promotes downregulation of hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenesis, altering the ontogeny of emotional and memory behaviors associated with hippocampus formation. The impairments induced by AP2γ constitutive deletion since early development leads to an anxious-like phenotype and memory impairments as early as the juvenile phase. These behavioral impairments either persist from the juvenile phase to adulthood or emerge in adult mice with deficits in behavioral flexibility and object location recognition. Collectively, we observed a progressive and cumulative impact of constitutive AP2γ deficiency on the hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenic process, as well as alterations on limbic-cortical connectivity, together with functional behavioral impairments. The results herein presented demonstrate the modulatory role exerted by the AP2γ transcription factor and the relevance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the development of emotional states and memory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morais Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Verónica Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.,IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ge D, O'Brien MJ, Savoie FH, Gimble JM, Wu X, Gilbert MH, Clark-Patterson GL, Schuster JD, Miller KS, Wang A, Myers L, You Z. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells expressing doublecortin improve cartilage repair in rabbits and monkeys. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:82. [PMID: 34848747 PMCID: PMC8633050 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized cartilage lesions in early osteoarthritis and acute joint injuries are usually treated surgically to restore function and relieve pain. However, a persistent clinical challenge remains in how to repair the cartilage lesions. We expressed doublecortin (DCX) in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) and engineered hASCs into cartilage tissues using an in vitro 96-well pellet culture system. The cartilage tissue constructs with and without DCX expression were implanted in the knee cartilage defects of rabbits (n = 42) and monkeys (n = 12). Cohorts of animals were euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery to evaluate the cartilage repair outcomes. We found that DCX expression in hASCs increased expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and matrilin 2 in the engineered cartilage tissues. The cartilage tissues with DCX expression significantly enhanced cartilage repair as assessed macroscopically and histologically at 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation in the rabbits and 24 months after implantation in the monkeys, compared to the cartilage tissues without DCX expression. These findings suggest that hASCs expressing DCX may be engineered into cartilage tissues that can be used to treat localized cartilage lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Felix H Savoie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- LaCell LLC and Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC and Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Margaret H Gilbert
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Jason D Schuster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kristin S Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vijai M, Baba M, Ramalingam S, Thiyagaraj A. DCLK1 and its interaction partners: An effective therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:850. [PMID: 34733368 PMCID: PMC8561619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase protein 1 (DCLK1) is a microtubule-associated protein with a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. Its expression was first reported in radial glial cells, where it serves an essential role in early neurogenesis, and since then, other functions of the DCLK1 protein have also been identified. Initially considered to be a marker of quiescent gastrointestinal and pancreatic stem cells, DCLK1 has recently been identified in the gastrointestinal tract as a marker of tuft cells. It has also been implicated in different types of cancer, where it regulates several vital pathways, such as Kras signaling. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present review discusses the different roles of DCLK1 and its interactions with other proteins that are homologically similar to DCLK1 to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells more accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vijai
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mursaleen Baba
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anand Thiyagaraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roy A, Kundu M, Chakrabarti S, Patel DR, Pahan K. Oleamide, a Sleep-Inducing Supplement, Upregulates Doublecortin in Hippocampal Progenitor Cells via PPARα. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1747-1762. [PMID: 34744082 PMCID: PMC10075226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule associated protein, has emerged as a central biomarker of hippocampal neurogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms by which DCX is regulated are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Since sleep is involved with the acquisition of memory and oleamide or 9-Octadecenamide (OCT) is a sleep-inducing supplement in human, we examined whether OCT could upregulate DCX in hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs). METHODS We employed real-time PCR, western blot, immunostaining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, lentiviral transduction in HPCs, and the calcium influx assay. RESULTS OCT directly upregulated the transcription of Dcx in HPCs via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a lipid-lowering transcription factor. We observed that, HPCs of Ppara-null mice displayed significant impairment in DCX expression and neuronal differentiation as compared to that of wild-type mice. Interestingly, treatment with OCT stimulated the differentiation process of HPCs in wild-type, but not Ppara-null mice. Reconstruction of PPARα in mouse Ppara-null HPCs restored the expression of DCX, which was further stimulated with OCT treatment. In contrast, a dominant-negative mutant of PPARα significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of OCT on DCX expression and suppressed neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, RNA microarray, STRING, chromatin immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis, and promoter reporter assay have identified DCX as a new target of PPARα. CONCLUSION These results indicate that OCT, a sleep supplement, directly controls the expression of DCX and suggest that OCT may be repurposed for stimulating the hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhruv R Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sehara Y, Hayashi Y, Ohba K, Uchibori R, Urabe M, Inutsuka A, Shimazaki K, Kawai K, Mizukami H. Higher Transduction Efficiency of AAV5 to Neural Stem Cells and Immature Neurons in Gerbil Dentate Gyrus Compared to AAV2 and rh10. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:76-85. [PMID: 34348481 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and high efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has facilitated their wide scale use to deliver therapeutic genes for experimental and clinical purposes in diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). AAV1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and rh10 are the most commonly used serotypes for CNS applications. Most AAVs are known to transduce genes predominantly into neurons. However, the precise tropism of AAVs in the dentate gyrus (DG), the region where persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain, is not fully understood. We stereotaxically injected 1.5 × 1010 viral genomes of AAV2, 5, or rh10 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the right side of gerbil hippocampus, and performed immunofluorescent analysis using differentiation stage-specific markers one week after injection. We found that AAV5 showed a significantly larger number of double positive cells for GFP and Sox2 in the DG, compared to the AAV2 and rh10 groups. On the other hand, AAVrh10 presented a substantially larger number of double positive cells for GFP and NeuN in the DG, compared to AAV2 and AAV5. Our findings indicated that AAV5 showed high transduction efficiency to neural stem cells and precursor cells, while AAVrh10 showed much higher efficiency to mature neurons in the DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Sehara
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan, 329-0498;
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Uchibori
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Masashi Urabe
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Ayumu Inutsuka
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Jichi Medical University, 12838, Department of Neurosurgery, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diez A, An HY, Carfagnini N, Bottini C, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Neurogenesis and the development of neural sex differences in vocal control regions of songbirds. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2970-2986. [PMID: 33719029 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The brain regions that control the learning and production of song and other learned vocalizations in songbirds exhibit some of the largest sex differences in the brain known in vertebrates and are associated with sex differences in singing behavior. Song learning takes place through multiple stages: an early sensory phase when song models are memorized, followed by a sensorimotor phase in which auditory feedback is used to modify song output through subsong, plastic song, to adult crystalized song. However, how patterns of neurogenesis in these brain regions change through these learning stages, and differ between the sexes, is little explored. We collected brains from 63 young male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) over four stages of song learning. Using neurogenesis markers for cell division (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), neuron migration (doublecortin), and mature neurons (neuron-specific nuclear protein), we demonstrate that there are sex-specific changes in neurogenesis over song development that differ between the caudal motor pathway and anterior forebrain pathway of the vocal control circuit. In many of these regions, sex differences emerged very early in development, by 25 days post hatch, at the beginning of song learning. The emergence of sex differences in other components of the system was more gradual and had specific trajectories depending on the brain region and its function. In conclusion, we found that sex differences occurred early and continued during song learning. Moreover, transitions from the different phases of song development do not seem to depend on large changes in neurogenesis in the vocal control areas measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Diez
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ha Yun An
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Carfagnini
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Bottini
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiao M, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Lin M, Zhou W, Liu T, Yuan B, Yin H. Neuroprotection of N-benzyl Eicosapentaenamide in Neonatal Mice Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113108. [PMID: 34067444 PMCID: PMC8197015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has emerged as a popular functional plant food because of its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Macamides, as the exclusively active ingredients found in maca, are a unique series of non-polar, long-chain fatty acid N-benzylamides with multiple bioactivities such as antifatigue characteristics and improving reproductive health. In this study, a new kind of macamide, N-benzyl eicosapentaenamide (NB-EPA), was identified from maca. We further explore its potential neuroprotective role in hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Our findings indicated that treatment with biosynthesized NB-EPA significantly alleviates the size of cerebral infarction and improves neurobehavioral disorders after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice. NB-EPA inhibited the apoptosis of neuronal cells after ischemic challenge. NB-EPA improved neuronal cell survival and proliferation through the activation of phosphorylated AKT signaling. Of note, the protective property of NB-EPA against ischemic neuronal damage was dependent on suppression of the p53–PUMA pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that NB-EPA may represent a new neuroprotectant for newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Qun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dioli C, Patrício P, Pinto LG, Marie C, Morais M, Vyas S, Bessa JM, Pinto L, Sotiropoulos I. Adult neurogenic process in the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb system is regulated by Tau protein under prolonged stress. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13027. [PMID: 33988263 PMCID: PMC8249793 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The area of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult brain exhibits the highest number of proliferative cells, which, together with the olfactory bulb (OB), maintains constant brain plasticity through the generation, migration and integration of newly born neurons. Despite Tau and its malfunction is increasingly related to deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and brain plasticity under pathological conditions [e.g. in Alzheimer's disease (AD)], it remains unknown whether Tau plays a role in the neurogenic process of the SVZ and OB system under conditions of chronic stress, a well‐known sculptor of brain and risk factor for AD. Materials and methods Different types of newly born cells in SVZ and OB were analysed in animals that lack Tau gene (Tau‐KO) and their wild‐type littermates (WT) under control or chronic stress conditions. Results We demonstrate that chronic stress reduced the number of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the SVZ leading to decreased number of newborn neurons in the OB of adult WT, but not Tau‐KO, mice. Interestingly, while stress‐evoked changes were not detected in OB granular cell layer, Tau‐KO exhibited increased number of mature neurons in this layer indicating altered neuronal migration due to Tau loss. Conclusions Our findings suggest the critical involvement of Tau in the neurogenesis suppression of SVZ and OB neurogenic niche under stressful conditions highlighting the role of Tau protein as an essential regulator of stress‐driven plasticity deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Department of Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucilia-Goreti Pinto
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clemence Marie
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Morais
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sheela Vyas
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Department of Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - João M Bessa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa Pinto
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aiken J, Holzbaur ELF. Cytoskeletal regulation guides neuronal trafficking to effectively supply the synapse. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R633-R650. [PMID: 34033795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development and proper function of the brain requires the formation of highly complex neuronal circuitry. These circuits are shaped from synaptic connections between neurons and must be maintained over a lifetime. The formation and continued maintenance of synapses requires accurate trafficking of presynaptic and postsynaptic components along the axon and dendrite, respectively, necessitating deliberate and specialized delivery strategies to replenish essential synaptic components. Maintenance of synaptic transmission also requires readily accessible energy stores, produced in part by localized mitochondria, that are tightly regulated with activity level. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the cytoskeletal environment of axons and dendrites, examining how local regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and organelle trafficking promotes synapse-specific delivery and plasticity. These new insights shed light on the complex and coordinated role that cytoskeletal elements play in establishing and maintaining neuronal circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li C, Zheng Y, Zheng Y, Xu Z. SRPS associated protein WDR60 regulates the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migrating neurons during cortical development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:75. [PMID: 33436552 PMCID: PMC7804399 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of WD40 repeat domain 60 (WDR60) have been identified in short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS I–V), a group of lethal congenital disorders characterized by short ribs, polydactyly, and a range of extraskeletal phenotypes. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report that WDR60 is essential for embryonic development and plays a critical role in the multipolar-bipolar transition and migration of newborn neurons during brain development. Mechanically, we found that WDR60 was located at the microtubule-organizing center to control microtubule organization and possibly, the trafficking of cellular components. Importantly, the migration defect caused by Wdr60 knockdown could be rescued by the stable form of α-Tubulin, α-TubulinK40Q (an acetylation-mimicking mutant). These findings identified a non-cilia function of WDR60 and provided insight into its biological function, as well as the pathogenesis of WDR60 deficiency associated with SRPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction & Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li P, Li L, Yu B, Wang X, Wang Q, Lin J, Zheng Y, Zhu J, He M, Xia Z, Tu M, Liu JS, Lin Z, Fu X. Doublecortin facilitates the elongation of the somatic Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:422-434. [PMID: 33405953 PMCID: PMC8098852 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the doublecortin (DCX) gene, which encodes a microtubule (MT)-binding protein, cause human cortical malformations, including lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia. A deficiency in DCX and DCX-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a functionally redundant and structurally similar cognate of DCX, decreases neurite length and increases the number of primary neurites directly arising from the soma. The underlying mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, the elongation of the somatic Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites, which have been implicated in dendrite patterning, was significantly decreased in the absence of DCX/DCLK1. Phosphorylation of DCX at S47 or S327 was involved in this process. DCX deficiency shifted the distribution of CLASP2 proteins to the soma from the dendrites. In addition to CLASP2, dynein and its cofactor JIP3 were abnormally distributed in DCX-deficient neurons. The association between JIP3 and dynein was significantly increased in the absence of DCX. Down-regulation of CLASP2 or JIP3 expression with specific shRNAs rescued the Golgi phenotype observed in DCX-deficient neurons. We conclude that DCX regulates the elongation of the Golgi apparatus into proximal dendrites through MT-associated proteins and motors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Luyao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Binyuan Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yihui Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Minzhi He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhaonan Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Mengjing Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Judy S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Manka SW, Moores CA. Pseudo-repeats in doublecortin make distinct mechanistic contributions to microtubule regulation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51534. [PMID: 33051979 PMCID: PMC7726794 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP) indispensable for brain development. Its flexibly linked doublecortin (DC) domains-NDC and CDC-mediate microtubule (MT) nucleation and stabilization, but it is unclear how. Using high-resolution time-resolved cryo-EM, we mapped NDC and CDC interactions with tubulin at different MT polymerization stages and studied their functional effects on MT dynamics using TIRF microscopy. Although coupled, each DC repeat within DCX appears to have a distinct role in MT nucleation and stabilization: CDC is a conformationally plastic module that appears to facilitate MT nucleation and stabilize tubulin-tubulin contacts in the nascent MT lattice, while NDC appears to be favored along the mature lattice, providing MT stabilization. Our structures of MT-bound DC domains also explain in unprecedented detail the DCX mutation-related brain defects observed in the clinic. This modular composition of DCX reflects a common design principle among MAPs where pseudo-repeats of tubulin/MT binding elements chaperone or stabilize distinct conformational transitions to regulate distinct stages of MT dynamic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon W Manka
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, BirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, BirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 33228793 PMCID: PMC7684718 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women are more vulnerable than men to the neurotoxicity and severe brain damage caused by chronic heavy alcohol use. In addition, brain damage due to chronic heavy alcohol use may be associated with sex-dependent epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes that are differentially expressed in the hippocampi of male and female animal models in response to alcohol. Methods After chronic alcohol administration (3~3.5 g/kg/day) in male (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) or female (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks, we measured body weights and doublecortin (DCX; a neurogenesis marker) concentrations and analyzed up- or downregulated miRNAs using GeneChip miRNA 4.0 arrays. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Alcohol attenuated body weight gain only in the male group. On the other hand, alcohol led to increased serum AST in female rats and decreased serum total cholesterol concentrations in male rats. The expression of DCX was significantly reduced in the hippocampi of male alcohol-treated rats. Nine miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in male alcohol-treated rats, including upregulation of miR-125a-3p, let-7a-5p, and miR-3541, and downregulation of their target genes (Prdm5, Suv39h1, Ptprz1, Mapk9, Ing4, Wt1, Nkx3-1, Dab2ip, Rnf152, Ripk1, Lin28a, Apbb3, Nras, and Acvr1c). On the other hand, 7 miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in alcohol-treated female rats, including downregulation of miR-881-3p and miR-504 and upregulation of their target genes (Naa50, Clock, Cbfb, Arih1, Ube2g1, and Gng7). Conclusions These results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol use produces sex-dependent effects on neurogenesis and miRNA expression in the hippocampus and that sex differences should be considered when developing miRNA biomarkers to diagnose or treat alcoholics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-020-00342-3.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen SY, Lin MC, Tsai JS, He PL, Luo WT, Chiu IM, Herschman HR, Li HJ. Exosomal 2',3'-CNP from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hippocampus CA1 neurogenesis/neuritogenesis and contributes to rescue of cognition/learning deficiencies of damaged brain. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:499-517. [PMID: 31943851 PMCID: PMC7103625 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in clinical studies to treat neurological diseases and damage. However, implanted MSCs do not achieve their regenerative effects by differentiating into and replacing neural cells. Instead, MSC secretome components mediate the regenerative effects of MSCs. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes carry cargo responsible for rescuing brain damage. We previously showed that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes have enhanced regenerative potential to rescue hippocampal damage, compared with EVs/exosomes from untreated MSCs. Here we show that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes promote neurosphere formation in vitro and increase neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi; basal MSC EVs/exosomes do not contribute to these regenerative effects. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes are 20-fold higher than CNP levels in basal MSC EVs/exosomes. Decreasing elevated exosomal CNP levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes reduced the efficacy of these EVs/exosomes in promoting β3-tubulin polymerization and in converting toxic 2',3'-cAMP into neuroprotective adenosine. CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes lost the ability to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi. Systemic administration of EV/exosomes from EP4 -antagonist derived MSC EVs/exosomes repaired cognition, learning, and memory deficiencies in mice caused by hippocampal damage. In contrast, CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes failed to repair this damage. Exosomal CNP contributes to the ability of EP4 antagonist-elicited MSC EVs/exosomes to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi and recovery of cognition, memory, and learning. This experimental approach should be generally applicable to identifying the role of EV/exosomal components in eliciting a variety of biological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiuan Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin He
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Luo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hua-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vázquez-Vélez GE, Gonzales KA, Revelli JP, Adamski CJ, Alavi Naini F, Bajić A, Craigen E, Richman R, Heman-Ackah SM, Wood MJA, Rousseaux MWC, Zoghbi HY. Doublecortin-like Kinase 1 Regulates α-Synuclein Levels and Toxicity. J Neurosci 2020; 40:459-477. [PMID: 31748376 PMCID: PMC6948939 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1076-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Duplications and triplications of SNCA, the gene coding for α-Syn, cause genetic forms of the disease, which suggests that increased α-Syn dosage can drive PD. To identify the proteins that regulate α-Syn, we previously performed a screen of potentially druggable genes that led to the identification of 60 modifiers. Among them, Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a microtubule binding serine threonine kinase, emerged as a promising target due to its potent effect on α-Syn and potential druggability as a neuron-expressed kinase. In this study, we explore the relationship between DCLK1 and α-Syn in human cellular and mouse models of PD. First, we show that DCLK1 regulates α-Syn levels post-transcriptionally. Second, we demonstrate that knockdown of Dclk1 reduces phosphorylated species of α-Syn and α-Syn-induced neurotoxicity in the SNc in two distinct mouse models of synucleinopathy. Last, silencing DCLK1 in human neurons derived from individuals with SNCA triplications reduces phosphorylated and total α-Syn, thereby highlighting DCLK1 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce pathological α-Syn in disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT DCLK1 regulates α-Syn protein levels, and Dclk1 knockdown rescues α-Syn toxicity in mice. This study provides evidence for a novel function for DCLK1 in the mature brain, and for its potential as a new therapeutic target for synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Vázquez-Vélez
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology
- Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Kristyn A Gonzales
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Carolyn J Adamski
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Fatemeh Alavi Naini
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Aleksandar Bajić
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Evelyn Craigen
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Ronald Richman
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sabrina M Heman-Ackah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom, and
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030,
- Program in Developmental Biology
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aiken J, Buscaglia G, Aiken AS, Moore JK, Bates EA. Tubulin mutations in brain development disorders: Why haploinsufficiency does not explain TUBA1A tubulinopathies. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 77:40-54. [PMID: 31574570 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal cytoskeleton performs incredible feats during nervous system development. Extension of neuronal processes, migration, and synapse formation rely on the proper regulation of microtubules. Mutations that disrupt the primary α-tubulin expressed during brain development, TUBA1A, are associated with a spectrum of human brain malformations. One model posits that TUBA1A mutations lead to a reduction in tubulin subunits available for microtubule polymerization, which represents a haploinsufficiency mechanism. We propose an alternative model for the majority of tubulinopathy mutations, in which the mutant tubulin polymerizes into the microtubule lattice to dominantly "poison" microtubule function. Nine distinct α-tubulin and ten β-tubulin genes have been identified in the human genome. These genes encode similar tubulin proteins, called isotypes. Multiple tubulin isotypes may partially compensate for heterozygous deletion of a tubulin gene, but may not overcome the disruption caused by missense mutations that dominantly alter microtubule function. Here, we describe disorders attributed to haploinsufficiency versus dominant negative mechanisms to demonstrate the hallmark features of each disorder. We summarize literature on mouse models that represent both knockout and point mutants in tubulin genes, with an emphasis on how these mutations might provide insight into the nature of tubulinopathy patient mutations. Finally, we present data from a panel of TUBA1A tubulinopathy mutations generated in yeast α-tubulin that demonstrate that α-tubulin mutants can incorporate into the microtubule network and support viability of yeast growth. This perspective on tubulinopathy mutations draws on previous studies and additional data to provide a fresh perspective on how TUBA1A mutations disrupt neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - A Sophie Aiken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily A Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martineau FS, Sahu S, Plantier V, Buhler E, Schaller F, Fournier L, Chazal G, Kawasaki H, Represa A, Watrin F, Manent JB. Correct Laminar Positioning in the Neocortex Influences Proper Dendritic and Synaptic Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2976-2990. [PMID: 29788228 PMCID: PMC6041803 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neocortex is a 6-layered laminated structure with a precise anatomical and functional organization ensuring proper function. Laminar positioning of cortical neurons, as determined by termination of neuronal migration, is a key determinant of their ability to assemble into functional circuits. However, the exact contribution of laminar placement to dendrite morphogenesis and synapse formation remains unclear. Here we manipulated the laminar position of cortical neurons by knocking down doublecortin (Dcx), a crucial effector of migration, and show that misplaced neurons fail to properly form dendrites, spines, and functional glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. We further show that knocking down Dcx in properly positioned neurons induces similar but milder defects, suggesting that the laminar misplacement is the primary cause of altered neuronal development. Thus, the specific laminar environment of their fated layers is crucial for the maturation of cortical neurons, and influences their functional integration into developing cortical circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Surajit Sahu
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U901, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U901, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dioli C, Patrício P, Sousa N, Kokras N, Dalla C, Guerreiro S, Santos-Silva MA, Rego AC, Pinto L, Ferreiro E, Sotiropoulos I. Chronic stress triggers divergent dendritic alterations in immature neurons of the adult hippocampus, depending on their ultimate terminal fields. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:143. [PMID: 31028242 PMCID: PMC6486609 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress, a suggested precipitant of brain pathologies, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease, is known to impact on brain plasticity by causing neuronal remodeling as well as neurogenesis suppression in the adult hippocampus. Although many studies show that stressful conditions reduce the number of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus (DG), little is known about whether and how stress impacts on dendritic development and structural maturation of these newborn neurons. We, herein, demonstrate that chronic stress impacts differentially on doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in distinct phases of maturation. Specifically, the density of the DCX-positive immature neurons whose dendritic tree reaches the inner molecular layer (IML) of DG is reduced in stressed animals, whereas their dendritic complexity is increased. On the contrary, no change on the density of DCX-positive neurons whose dendritic tree extends to the medial/outer molecular layer (M/OML) of the DG is found under stress conditions, whereas the dendritic complexity of these cells is diminished. In addition, DCX+ cells displayed a more complex and longer arbor in the dendritic compartments located in the granular cell layer of the DG under stress conditions; on the contrary, their dendritic segments localized into the M/OML were shorter and less complex. These findings suggest that the neuroplastic effects of chronic stress on dendritic maturation and complexity of DCX+ immature neurons vary based on the different maturation stage of DCX-positive cells and the different DG sublayer, highlighting the complex and dynamic stress-driven neuroplasticity of immature neurons in the adult hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ,0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Guerreiro
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Santos-Silva
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- 0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cCenter for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cInstitute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- 0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- 0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cCenter for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,0000 0000 9511 4342grid.8051.cInstitute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kandasamy M, Yesudhas A, Poornimai Abirami GP, Radhakrishnan RK, Roshan SA, Johnson E, Ravichandran VR, Biswas A, Shanmugaapriya S, Anusuyadevi M, Aigner L. Genetic reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts through a co-induction of the doublecortin gene along the Yamanaka factors: A promising approach to model neuroregenerative disorders. Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:105-111. [PMID: 31088631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) mediated adult neurogenesis represents the regenerative plasticity of the brain. The functionality of the neurogenic process appears to be operated by neuroblasts, the multipotent immature neuronal population of the adult brain. While neuroblasts have been realized to play a major role in synaptic remodeling and immunogenicity, neurodegenerative disorders have been characterized by failure in the terminal differentiation, maturation, integration and survival of newborn neuroblasts. Advancement in understanding the impaired neuroregenerative process along the neuropathological conditions has currently been limited by lack of an appropriate experimental model of neuroblasts. The genetic reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent state offers a potential strategy for the experimental modeling of brain disorders. Thus, the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts would represent a potential tool to understand the regenerative biology of the adult brain. Therefore, this concise article discusses the significance of iPSCs, the functional roles of neuroblasts in the adult brain and provides a research hypothesis for the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts through the co-induction of a potential proneurogenic marker, the doublecortin (DCX) gene along with the Yamanaka factors. The proposed cellular model of adult neurogenesis may provide us with further insights into neuropathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders and will provide a potential experimental platform for diagnostic, drug discovery and regenerative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; UGC-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajisha Yesudhas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G P Poornimai Abirami
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Aasish Roshan
- Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esther Johnson
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Roobini Ravichandran
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abir Biswas
- Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guarnieri FC, de Chevigny A, Falace A, Cardoso C. Disorders of neurogenesis and cortical development. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30936766 PMCID: PMC6436956 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.4/ccardoso] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex requires complex sequential processes that have to be precisely orchestrated. The localization and timing of neuronal progenitor proliferation and of neuronal migration define the identity, laminar positioning, and specific connectivity of each single cortical neuron. Alterations at any step of this organized series of events—due to genetic mutations or environmental factors—lead to defined brain pathologies collectively known as malformations of cortical development (MCDs), which are now recognized as a leading cause of drug-resistant epilepsy and intellectual disability. In this heterogeneous group of disorders, macroscopic alterations of brain structure (eg, heterotopic nodules, small or absent gyri, double cortex) can be recognized and probably subtend a general reorganization of neuronal circuits. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that are implicated in the generation of genetic MCDs associated with aberrations at various steps of neurogenesis and cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Falace
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, INMED, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, INMED, Marseille 13009, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nkomozepi P, Mazengenya P, Ihunwo AO. Quantitative analysis of age and life-history stage related changes in DCX expression in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) telencephalon. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 74:38-48. [PMID: 30890437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most avian neurogenesis studies focused on the song control system and little attention has been given to non-song birds such as the Japanese quail. However, the only few neurogenesis studies in quails mainly focused on the sex steroid sensitive areas of the brain such as the medial preoptic and lateral septal nuclei. Despite the important role the quail telencephalon plays in filial imprinting and passive avoidance learning, neurogenesis in this structure has been completely overlooked. The aim of this study was therefore to quantitatively determine how DCX expression in the Japanese quail telencephalon changes with post hatching age (3-12 weeks) and life history stage. In this study, DCX was used as a proxy for neuronal incorporation. Bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were observed in the entire telencephalon except for the entopallium and arcopallium. In addition, DCX expression in all the eight telencephalic areas quantified was strongly negatively correlated with post-hatching age. Furthermore, numbers of bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were higher in the juvenile compared to subadult and adult quails. In conclusion, neuronal incorporation in the quail telencephalon is widespread but it declines with post hatching age. In addition, the most dramatic decline in neuronal incorporation in the telencephalic areas quantified takes place just after the birds have attained sexual maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilani Nkomozepi
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Department of Human Anatomy & Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Siemert and Beit Streets, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2094, South Africa
| | - Pedzisai Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Amadi O Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lebsir D, Guemri J, Kereselidze D, Grison S, Benderitter M, Pech A, Cohen D, Benadjaoud MA, Lestaevel P, Souidi M. Repeated potassium iodide exposure during pregnancy impairs progeny's brain development. Neuroscience 2019; 406:606-616. [PMID: 30797025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protracted radioiodine release may require repeated intake of potassium iodide (KI) to protect thyroid gland. It is well established that iodine excess inhibits transiently the thyroid function. As developing fetus depends on maternal thyroid hormones (TH) supply, more knowledge is needed about the plausible effects that repeated KI intake can cause in this sensitive population, especially that even subtle variation of maternal thyroid function may have persistent consequences on progeny brain processing. The aim of this study is to assess the consequences of repeated intake of KI during pregnancy on the progeny's thyroid function and brain development. To do so pregnant Wistar rats received KI over eight days, and then thirty days after the weaning, male progeny was subjected to behavior test. Pituitary and thyroid hormones level, anti-thyroid antibodies level, organs morphology, gene expression and global DNA methylation were assessed. Thirty days after the weaning, KI-exposed male progeny showed an uncommon hormonal status, characterized by a decrease of both thyroid-stimulating hormone (-28%) and free thyroxine (-7%) levels. Motor coordination was altered in KI-exposed male progeny. At the cerebellar level, we observed a decrease of mRNA expression of DCX (-42%) and RC3 (-85%); on the other hand, at the cortical level, mRNA expression of MBP (+71%), MOBP (+90%) and Kcna1 (+42%) was increased. To conclude, repeated KI prophylaxis is not adequate during pregnancy since it led to long-term irreversible neurotoxicity in the male progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Lebsir
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Guemri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stephane Grison
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annick Pech
- Pharmacie centrale des armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de Santé des Armées, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - David Cohen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Polomova J, Lukacova K, Bilcik B, Kubikova L. Is neurogenesis in two songbird species related to their song sequence variability? Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182872. [PMID: 30963944 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis takes part in the adult songbird brain and new neurons are integrated into the forebrain including defined areas involved in the control of song learning and production. It has been suggested that the new neurons in the song system might enable vocal variability. Here, we examined the basal levels of neurogenesis in two songbird species, zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata) and Bengalese finch ( Lonchura striata var. domestica), which do not learn new song elements as adults but differ in the level of song sequence variability. We found that Bengalese finches had less linear and stereotyped song sequence and a higher number of newborn cells in the neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) as well as the number of newly born neurons incorporated into the vocal nucleus HVC (used as a proper name) in comparison to zebra finches. Importantly, this vocal sequence variability in Bengalese finches correlated with the number of new neurons in the vocal nucleus HVC and more plastic song was associated with higher neuronal incorporation. In summary, our data support the hypothesis that newly generated neurons facilitate behavioural variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justina Polomova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Kristina Lukacova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilcik
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Lubica Kubikova
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Buchsbaum IY, Cappello S. Neuronal migration in the CNS during development and disease: insights from in vivo and in vitro models. Development 2019; 146:146/1/dev163766. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Neuronal migration is a fundamental process that governs embryonic brain development. As such, mutations that affect essential neuronal migration processes lead to severe brain malformations, which can cause complex and heterogeneous developmental and neuronal migration disorders. Our fragmented knowledge about the aetiology of these disorders raises numerous issues. However, many of these can now be addressed through studies of in vivo and in vitro models that attempt to recapitulate human-specific mechanisms of cortical development. In this Review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these model systems and suggest that a complementary approach, using combinations of in vivo and in vitro models, will broaden our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie defective neuronal positioning in the human cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Yasmin Buchsbaum
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nkomozepi P, Mazengenya P, Ihunwo AO. Age-related changes in Ki-67 and DCX expression in the BALB/ c mouse (Mus Musculus) brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 72:36-47. [PMID: 30472241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified age as one of the strongest regulators of neurogenesis in the mammalian brain. However, previous age-related studies focused mainly on changes in neurogenesis during different stages of adulthood and did not describe changes in neurogenesis through the different life history stages of the animal. The aim of this study was therefore to determine time course changes in neurogenesis in the male BALB/c mouse brain at postnatal ages 1 week to 12 weeks, spanning juvenile, sub adult and adult life history stages. To achieve this, Ki-67 and DCX immunohistochemistry was used to assess changes in cell proliferation and neuronal incorporation respectively. Ki-67 expression was mainly observed in the olfactory bulb, rostral migratory stream, sub ventricular zone of lateral ventricle and the sub granular zone of the dentate gyrus. In addition, fewer Ki-67 positive cells were also observed in the neocortex, cerebellum and tectum. DCX was expressed in similar regions as Ki-67 except for the cerebellum and tectum. Expression of both Ki-67 and DCX sharply decreased with advancing age or life history stages in the sub ventricular zone, rostral migratory stream and sub granular zone of the BALB/c mouse brain. Neurogenesis therefore persists throughout all life history stages in the BALB/c mouse brain although it decreases with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilani Nkomozepi
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2190, South Africa; Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Siemert and Beit Streets, Doornfontein, 2094, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pedzisai Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2190, South Africa
| | - Amadi O Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2190, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Russo G, Lehne F, Pose Méndez SM, Dübel S, Köster RW, Sassen WA. Culture and Transfection of Zebrafish Primary Cells. J Vis Exp 2018:57872. [PMID: 30175992 PMCID: PMC6128108 DOI: 10.3791/57872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are transparent and develop rapidly outside the mother, thus allowing for excellent in vivo imaging of dynamic biological processes in an intact and developing vertebrate. However, the detailed imaging of the morphologies of distinct cell types and subcellular structures is limited in whole mounts. Therefore, we established an efficient and easy-to-use protocol to culture live primary cells from zebrafish embryos and adult tissue. In brief, 2 dpf zebrafish embryos are dechorionated, deyolked, sterilized, and dissociated to single cells with collagenase. After a filtration step, primary cells are plated onto glass bottom dishes and cultivated for several days. Fresh cultures, as much as long term differenciated ones, can be used for high resolution confocal imaging studies. The culture contains different cell types, with striated myocytes and neurons being prominent on poly-L-lysine coating. To specifically label subcellular structures by fluorescent marker proteins, we also established an electroporation protocol which allows the transfection of plasmid DNA into different cell types, including neurons. Thus, in the presence of operator defined stimuli, complex cell behavior, and intracellular dynamics of primary zebrafish cells can be assessed with high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, by using adult zebrafish brain, we demonstrate that the described dissociation technique, as well as the basic culturing conditions, also work for adult zebrafish tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Russo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Franziska Lehne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Sol M Pose Méndez
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology;
| | - Wiebke A Sassen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tan AP, Chong WK, Mankad K. Comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation in lissencephaly. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:673-693. [PMID: 30211035 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a heterogenous group of disorders with diverse genotypic and phenotypic variations. Lissencephaly is a subtype of MCD caused by defect in neuronal migration, which occurs between 12 and 24 weeks of gestation. The continuous advancement in the field of molecular genetics in the last decade has led to identification of at least 19 lissencephaly-related genes, most of which are related to microtubule structural proteins (tubulin) or microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The aim of this review article is to bring together current knowledge of gene mutations associated with lissencephaly and to provide a comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation. Illustrative cases will be presented to facilitate the understanding of the described genotype-phenotype correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Peng Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Wui Khean Chong
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Winner LK, Marshall NR, Jolly RD, Trim PJ, Duplock SK, Snel MF, Hemsley KM. Evaluation of Disease Lesions in the Developing Canine MPS IIIA Brain. JIMD Rep 2018; 43:91-101. [PMID: 29923090 PMCID: PMC6323028 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease of childhood that results in early death. Post-mortem studies have been carried out on human MPS IIIA brain, but little is known about early disease development. Here, we utilised the Huntaway dog model of MPS IIIA to evaluate disease lesion development from 2 to 24 weeks of age. A significant elevation in primarily stored heparan sulphate was observed in all brain regions assessed in MPS IIIA pups ≤9.5 weeks of age. There was a significant elevation in secondarily stored ganglioside (GM3 36:1) in ≤9.5-week-old MPS IIIA pup cerebellum, and other brain regions also exhibited accumulation of this lipid with time. The number of neural stem cells and neuronal precursor cells was essentially unchanged in MPS IIIA dog brain (c.f. unaffected) over the time course assessed, a finding corroborated by neuron cell counts. We observed early neuroinflammatory changes in young MPS IIIA pup brain, with significantly increased numbers of activated microglia recorded in all but one brain region in MPS IIIA pups ≤9.5 weeks of age (c.f. age-matched unaffected pups). In conclusion, infant-paediatric-stage MPS IIIA canine brain exhibits substantial and progressive primary and secondary substrate accumulation, coupled with early and robust microgliosis. Whilst early initiation of treatment is likely to be required to maintain optimal neurological function, the brain's neurodevelopmental potential appears largely unaffected by the disease process; further investigations confirming this are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K. Winner
- grid.430453.5Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Neil R. Marshall
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Robert D. Jolly
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J. Trim
- grid.430453.5Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Stephen K. Duplock
- grid.430453.5Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Marten F. Snel
- grid.430453.5Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Kim M. Hemsley
- grid.430453.5Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rufer AC, Kusznir E, Burger D, Stihle M, Ruf A, Rudolph MG. Domain swap in the C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain of human doublecortin. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:450-462. [PMID: 29717716 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318004813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin, a microtubule-associated protein that is only produced during neurogenesis, cooperatively binds to microtubules and stimulates microtubule polymerization and cross-linking by unknown mechanisms. A domain swap is observed in the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of doublecortin. As determined by analytical ultracentrifugation, an open conformation is also present in solution. At higher concentrations, higher-order oligomers of the domain are formed. The domain swap and additional interfaces observed in the crystal lattice can explain the formation of doublecortin tetramers or multimers, in line with the analytical ultracentrifugation data. Taken together, the domain swap offers a mechanism for the observed cooperative binding of doublecortin to microtubules. Doublecortin-induced cross-linking of microtubules can be explained by the same mechanism. The effect of several mutations leading to lissencephaly and double-cortex syndrome can be traced to the domain swap and the proposed self-association of doublecortin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne C Rufer
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Kusznir
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Burger
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martine Stihle
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Ruf
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Rudolph
- pRED, Therapeutic Modalities, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cornell B, Wachi T, Zhukarev V, Toyo-Oka K. Regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by 14-3-3epsilon (Ywhae) via the microtubule binding protein, doublecortin. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4405-4418. [PMID: 28173130 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is a newly identified genetic disorder characterized by duplications in the 17p13.3 chromosome locus, resulting in a variety of disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, a minimum duplication region has been defined, and this region exclusively contains the gene encoding 14-3-3ε. Furthermore, duplication of this minimum region is strongly associated with the appearance of ASD in human patients, thus implicating the overexpression of 14-3-3ε in ASD. Using in vitro and in vivo techniques, we have found that 14-3-3ε binds to the microtubule binding protein doublecortin preventing its degradation. We also found that 14-3-3ε overexpression disrupts neurite formation by preventing the invasion of microtubules into primitive neurites, which can be rescued by the knockdown of doublecortin. To analyse the function of 14-3-3ε in neurite formation, we used 14-3-3ε flox mice and found that 14-3-3ε deficiency results in an increase in neurite formation. Our findings provide the first evidence of cellular pathology in 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tomoka Wachi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vladimir Zhukarev
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nkomozepi P, Mazengenya P, Ihunwo AO. Changes in neurogenesis with post-hatching age in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) brain. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Cornell B, Toyo-Oka K. 14-3-3 Proteins in Brain Development: Neurogenesis, Neuronal Migration and Neuromorphogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:318. [PMID: 29075177 PMCID: PMC5643407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved, multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain during development. Cumulatively, the seven 14-3-3 isoforms make up approximately 1% of total soluble brain protein. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated implicating the importance of the 14-3-3 protein family in the development of the nervous system, in particular cortical development, and have more recently been recognized as key regulators in a number of neurodevelopmental processes. In this review we will discuss the known roles of each 14-3-3 isoform in the development of the cortex, their relation to human neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the challenges and questions that are left to be answered. In particular, we focus on the 14-3-3 isoforms and their involvement in the three key stages of cortical development; neurogenesis and differentiation, neuronal migration and neuromorphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chiaretti A, Conti G, Falsini B, Buonsenso D, Crasti M, Manni L, Soligo M, Fantacci C, Genovese O, Calcagni ML, Di Giuda D, Mattoli MV, Cocciolillo F, Ferrara P, Ruggiero A, Staccioli S, Colafati GS, Riccardi R. Intranasal Nerve Growth Factor administration improves cerebral functions in a child with severe traumatic brain injury: A case report. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1538-1547. [PMID: 28972396 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1376760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiaretti
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Buonsenso
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Crasti
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fantacci
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Genovese
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Calcagni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Cocciolillo
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Staccioli
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Riccardi
- Pediatric Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sassen WA, Lehne F, Russo G, Wargenau S, Dübel S, Köster RW. Embryonic zebrafish primary cell culture for transfection and live cellular and subcellular imaging. Dev Biol 2017; 430:18-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Aiken J, Buscaglia G, Bates EA, Moore JK. The α-Tubulin gene TUBA1A in Brain Development: A Key Ingredient in the Neuronal Isotype Blend. J Dev Biol 2017; 5. [PMID: 29057214 PMCID: PMC5648057 DOI: 10.3390/jdb5030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that mediate numerous, essential functions such as axon and dendrite growth and neuron migration throughout brain development. In recent years, sequencing has revealed dominant mutations that disrupt the tubulin protein building blocks of microtubules. These tubulin mutations lead to a spectrum of devastating brain malformations, complex neurological and physical phenotypes, and even fatality. The most common tubulin gene mutated is the α-tubulin gene TUBA1A, which is the most prevalent α-tubulin gene expressed in post-mitotic neurons. The normal role of TUBA1A during neuronal maturation, and how mutations alter its function to produce the phenotypes observed in patients, remains unclear. This review synthesizes current knowledge of TUBA1A function and expression during brain development, and the brain malformations caused by mutations in TUBA1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, MS8108, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (G.B.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Emily A. Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (G.B.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Jeffrey K. Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, MS8108, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-6198; Fax: +1-303-724-3420
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dynamic microtubule association of Doublecortin X (DCX) is regulated by its C-terminus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5245. [PMID: 28701724 PMCID: PMC5507856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin X (DCX), known to be essential for neuronal migration and cortical layering in the developing brain, is a 40 kDa microtubule (MT)-associated protein. DCX directly interacts with MTs via its two structured doublecortin (DC) domains, but the dynamics of this association and the possible regulatory roles played by the flanking unstructured regions remain poorly defined. Here, we employ quantitative fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) protocols in living cells to reveal that DCX shows remarkably rapid and complete exchange within the MT network but that the removal of the C-terminal region significantly slows this exchange. We further probed how MT organization or external stimuli could additionally modulate DCX exchange dynamics. MT depolymerisation (nocodazole treatment) or stabilization (taxol treatment) further enhanced DCX exchange rates, however the exchange rates for the C-terminal truncated DCX protein were resistant to the impact of taxol-induced stabilization. Furthermore, in response to a hyperosmotic stress stimulus, DCX exchange dynamics were slowed, and again the C-terminal truncated DCX protein was resistant to the stimulus. Thus, the DCX dynamically associates with MTs in living cells and its C-terminal region plays important roles in the MT-DCX association.
Collapse
|
50
|
Orr ME, Garbarino VR, Salinas A, Buffenstein R. Extended Postnatal Brain Development in the Longest-Lived Rodent: Prolonged Maintenance of Neotenous Traits in the Naked Mole-Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:504. [PMID: 27877105 PMCID: PMC5099538 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent with a maximum lifespan >31 years. Intriguingly, fully-grown naked mole-rats (NMRs) exhibit many traits typical of neonatal rodents. However, little is known about NMR growth and maturation, and we question whether sustained neotenous features when compared to mice, reflect an extended developmental period, commensurate with their exceptionally long life. We tracked development from birth to 3 years of age in the slowest maturing organ, the brain, by measuring mass, neural stem cell proliferation, axonal, and dendritic maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination. NMR brain maturation was compared to data from similar sized rodents, mice, and to that of long-lived mammals, humans, and non-human primates. We found that at birth, NMR brains are significantly more developed than mice, and rather are more similar to those of newborn primates, with clearly laminated hippocampi and myelinated white matter tracts. Despite this more mature brain at birth than mice, postnatal NMR brain maturation occurs at a far slower rate than mice, taking four-times longer than required for mice to fully complete brain development. At 4 months of age, NMR brains reach 90% of adult size with stable neuronal cytostructural protein expression whereas myelin protein expression does not plateau until 9 months of age in NMRs, and synaptic protein expression continues to change throughout the first 3 years of life. Intriguingly, NMR axonal composition is more similar to humans than mice whereby NMRs maintain expression of three-repeat (3R) tau even after brain growth is complete; mice experience an abrupt downregulation of 3R tau by postnatal day 8 which continues to diminish through 6 weeks of age. We have identified key ages in NMR cerebral development and suggest that the long-lived NMR may provide neurobiologists an exceptional model to study brain developmental processes that are compressed in common short-lived laboratory animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Orr
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; The Barshop Institute for Longevity, Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Valentina R Garbarino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angelica Salinas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; The Barshop Institute for Longevity, Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|