1
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Bayer S, Reik A, von Hesler L, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Association between Genotype and the Glycemic Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071695. [PMID: 37049537 PMCID: PMC10096950 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inter-individual variability of metabolic response to foods may be partly due to genetic variation. This systematic review aims to assess the associations between genetic variants and glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) were searched for keywords in the field of genetics, OGTT, and metabolic response (PROSPERO: CRD42021231203). Inclusion criteria were available data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and glucose area under the curve (gAUC) in a healthy study cohort. In total, 33,219 records were identified, of which 139 reports met the inclusion criteria. This narrative synthesis focused on 49 reports describing gene loci for which several reports were available. An association between SNPs and the gAUC was described for 13 gene loci with 53 different SNPs. Three gene loci were mostly investigated: transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11). In most reports, the associations were not significant or single findings were not replicated. No robust evidence for an association between SNPs and gAUC after an OGTT in healthy persons was found across the identified studies. Future studies should investigate the effect of polygenic risk scores on postprandial glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Reik
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena von Hesler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Correspondence:
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2
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Babushkina NP, Kucher AN. Regulatory Potential of SNP Markers in Genes of DNA Repair Systems. Mol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689332301003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Hoekstra M, Ren B, Laurila PP, Hildebrand RB, Soronen J, Frodermann V, Li Z, Boon MR, Geerling JJ, Rensen PCN, Jauhiainen M, Van Eck M. Hematopoietic upstream stimulating factor 1 deficiency is associated with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16419. [PMID: 34385562 PMCID: PMC8361089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total body upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) deficiency in mice is associated with brown adipose tissue activation and a marked protection against the development of obesity and atherosclerotic lesions. Functional expression of USF1 has also been detected in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. In the current study we therefore tested whether selective hematopoietic USF1 deficiency can also beneficially impact the development of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, LDL receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from USF1 knockout mice or their wild-type littermate controls and subsequently fed a Western-type diet for 20 weeks to stimulate atherosclerotic lesion development. Strikingly, absence of USF1 function in bone marrow-derived cells was associated with exacerbated blood leukocyte (+ 100%; P < 0.01) and peritoneal leukocyte (+ 50%; P < 0.05) lipid loading and an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility (+ 31%; P < 0.05). These effects could be attributed to aggravated hyperlipidemia, i.e. higher plasma free cholesterol (+ 33%; P < 0.001) and cholesteryl esters (+ 39%; P < 0.001), and the development of hepatosteatosis. In conclusion, we have shown that hematopoietic USF1 deficiency is associated with an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. These findings argue against a contribution of macrophage-specific USF1 deficiency to the previously described beneficial effect of total body USF1 deficiency on atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Baoyan Ren
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genomics and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum 1, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reeni B Hildebrand
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum 1, Helsinki, Finland.,Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Oy BOF-PH-MRA-MA, Medical Affairs PO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vanessa Frodermann
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine J Geerling
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Polymorphism rs3737787 of Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1 gene is associated with serum lipid phenotype in Nigerian population. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 55:101687. [PMID: 33307180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum lipid profile which is determined by genotype-phenotype relationship plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), has been reported to be associated with serum lipid levels in different population, hence, this study investigated the association of variants in USF1 with serum lipid profile in adults in Lagos state, Nigeria. We genotyped rs3737787 (11235C > T) and rs550376620 (10488G > A) with PCR-RFLP in 384 participants and we used logistic regression to assess the association of these variants with serum lipid levels. The minor allele frequency observed in 10488G > A in both case and control groups was 5% while the minor allele of 11235C > T was observed to be more frequent in the control when compared to the dyslipidemic subjects (24% vs 12%; p = 1.84e-05). Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c in dyslipidemic subjects with CC genotype of 11235C > T were significantly higher compared to CT and TT genotypes (p < 0.001; p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender and BMI, showed that the minor allele carriers of 11235C > T have a reduced risk of dyslipidemia (Odds ratio: 0. 0.043, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.006-0.331, p = 0.002). Our findings revealed that rs3737787 is associated with lipid phenotype in Nigerian population.
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5
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Watanabe K, Yokota K, Yoshida K, Matsumoto A, Iwamoto S. Kbtbd11 contributes to adipocyte homeostasis through the activation of upstream stimulatory factor 1. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02777. [PMID: 31844712 PMCID: PMC6895693 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of Kbtbd11 in adipose tissue. To elucidate the physiological role of Kbtbd11 gene expression, adipose Kbtbd11 mRNA expression levels were estimated under various feeding states in wild-type mice. Kbtbd11 expression increased in a time-dependent manner in the adipose tissue in mice fed on chow diet, whereas the promotion of Kbtbd11 mRNA expression by refeeding was attenuated in mice fed on high-fat (HF) diet, suggesting the suppression of Kbtbd11 mRNA expression under HF diets and that changes in mRNA levels were associated with regulation of the transcription activity of Kbtbd11 by some transcription factors. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of Kbtbd11, the fragment upstream of either mouse Kbtbd11 or human KBTBD11 promoter was inserted into a luciferase vector. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that both mouse and human KBTBD11 promoter activity was increased by USF1. Direct USF1 binding to the Ebox in the Kbtbd11 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, the adipocyte differentiation marker levels increased instantly in Kbtbd11-overexpressing Usf1 knockdown cells than in Usf1 knockdown cells. These results imply an association of between Kbtbd11 with Usf1 expression and suggest the involvement of Kbtbd11 in a novel adipogenesis pathway.
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6
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Castillejo-Lopez C, Pjanic M, Pirona AC, Hetty S, Wabitsch M, Wadelius C, Quertermous T, Arner E, Ingelsson E. Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation. iScience 2019; 20:42-59. [PMID: 31557715 PMCID: PMC6817687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets. An enhancer active during adipogenesis is located in an obesity GWAS locus The enhancer responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline Mutation of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9 decreased adipocyte differentiation Knockout of CHI3L1 decreased adipocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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A novel upstream transcription factor 1 target gene N4bp2l1 that regulates adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100676. [PMID: 31440585 PMCID: PMC6698772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N4BP2l1, which is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma, is associated with poor prognosis. However, N4bp2l1's role in adipogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the expression profile and transcriptional regulation of N4bp2l1 to elucidate the functions underlying the role of N4bp2l1 in adipocyte differentiation. Our results revealed that N4bp2l1 mRNA expression increased in 3T3-L1 cells in a differentiation-dependent manner. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of N4bp2l1, the 2-kb 5′ region upstream of the mouse N4bp2l1 promoter was cloned into a luciferase vector. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that USF1 induces the N4bp2l1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that USF1 directly binds to the Ebox in the N4bp2l1 promoter. Furthermore, the expressions of adipocyte differentiation markers significantly decreased in N4bp2l1-knockdown cells compared with those in control cells. Our results demonstrated that N4bp2l1 is a novel USF1 target gene that may be involved in adipogenesis regulation. N4bp2l1 expression is increased in a differentiation-dependent manner in 3T3-L1. N4bp2l1 is a novel USF1 target gene. USF1 directly binds to the Ebox in the N4bp2l1 promoter. Inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by N4bp2l1 knockdown.
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8
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Ruuth M, Soronen J, Kaiharju E, Merikanto K, Perttilä J, Metso J, Lee-Rueckert M, Taskinen MR, Kovanen PT, Öörni K, Olkkonen VM, Jauhiainen MS, Laurila PP. USF1 deficiency alleviates inflammation, enhances cholesterol efflux and prevents cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:285. [PMID: 30545366 PMCID: PMC6293625 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The focus of studies on high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has shifted from HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) to HDL function. We recently demonstrated that low USF1 expression in mice and humans associates with high plasma HDL-C and low triglyceride levels, as well as protection against obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the impact of USF1 deficiency on HDL functional capacity and macrophage atherogenic functions, including inflammation, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol accumulation. Methods We used a congenic Usf1 deficient mice in C57Bl/6JRccHsd background and blood samples were collected to isolate HDL for structural and functional studies. Lentiviral preparations containing the USF1 silencing shRNA expression vector were used to silence USF1 in human THP-1 and Huh-7 cells. Cholesterol efflux from acetyl-LDL loaded THP-1 macrophages was measured using HDL and plasma as acceptors. Gene expression analysis from USF1 silenced peritoneal macrophages was carried out using Affymetrix protocols. Results We show that Usf1 deficiency not only increases HDL-C levels in vivo, consistent with elevated ABCA1 protein expression in hepatic cell lines, but also improves the functional capacity of HDL particles. HDL particles derived from Usf1 deficient mice remove cholesterol more efficiently from macrophages, attributed to their higher contents of phospholipids. Furthermore, silencing of USF1 in macrophages enhanced the cholesterol efflux capacity of these cells. These findings are consistent with reduced inflammatory burden of USF1 deficient macrophages, manifested by reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IL-1β and protection against inflammation-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation in a cell-autonomous manner. Conclusions Our findings identify USF1 as a novel factor regulating HDL functionality, showing that USF1 inactivation boosts cholesterol efflux, reduces macrophage inflammation and attenuates macrophage cholesterol accumulation, linking improved macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways to the antiatherogenic function of USF1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti S Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland. .,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Ozsait‐Selcuk B, Komurcu‐Bayrak E, Jylhä M, Luukkaala T, Perola M, Kristiansson K, Mononen N, Hurme M, Kähönen M, Goebeler S, Laaksonen R, Hervonen A, Erginel‐Unaltuna N, Karhunen P, Lehtimäki T. The
rs2516839
variation of
USF1
gene is associated with 4‐year mortality of nonagenarian women: The Vitality 90+ study. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 83:34-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ozsait‐Selcuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - E. Komurcu‐Bayrak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Jylhä
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere; School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - T. Luukkaala
- Tampere School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere; Science Center Pirkanmaa Hospital District Finland
| | - M. Perola
- Department of Health National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Kristiansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - N. Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - M. Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - M. Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - S. Goebeler
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Tampere, Fimlab Laboratories Pirkanmaa Hospital District Tampere Finland
| | - R. Laaksonen
- Medical School, University of Tampere; Finnish Clinical Biobank University Hospital of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - A. Hervonen
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere; School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - N. Erginel‐Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - P.J. Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Department of Forensic Medicine, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - T. Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
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10
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Laurila PP, Soronen J, Kooijman S, Forsström S, Boon MR, Surakka I, Kaiharju E, Coomans CP, Van Den Berg SAA, Autio A, Sarin AP, Kettunen J, Tikkanen E, Manninen T, Metso J, Silvennoinen R, Merikanto K, Ruuth M, Perttilä J, Mäkelä A, Isomi A, Tuomainen AM, Tikka A, Ramadan UA, Seppälä I, Lehtimäki T, Eriksson J, Havulinna A, Jula A, Karhunen PJ, Salomaa V, Perola M, Ehnholm C, Lee-Rueckert M, Van Eck M, Roivainen A, Taskinen MR, Peltonen L, Mervaala E, Jalanko A, Hohtola E, Olkkonen VM, Ripatti S, Kovanen PT, Rensen PCN, Suomalainen A, Jauhiainen M. USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:323ra13. [PMID: 26819196 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
USF1 (upstream stimulatory factor 1) is a transcription factor associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease in humans. However, whether USF1 is beneficial or detrimental to cardiometabolic health has not been addressed. By inactivating USF1 in mice, we demonstrate protection against diet-induced dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis. The favorable plasma lipid profile, including increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides, was coupled with increased energy expenditure due to activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Usf1 inactivation directs triglycerides from the circulation to BAT for combustion via a lipoprotein lipase-dependent mechanism, thus enhancing plasma triglyceride clearance. Mice lacking Usf1 displayed increased BAT-facilitated, diet-induced thermogenesis with up-regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as well as increased BAT activity even at thermoneutrality and after BAT sympathectomy. A direct effect of USF1 on BAT activation was demonstrated by an amplified adrenergic response in brown adipocytes after Usf1 silencing, and by augmented norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in mice lacking Usf1. In humans, individuals carrying SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) alleles that reduced USF1 mRNA expression also displayed a beneficial cardiometabolic profile, featuring improved insulin sensitivity, a favorable lipid profile, and reduced atherosclerosis. Our findings identify a new molecular link between lipid metabolism and energy expenditure, and point to the potential of USF1 as a therapeutic target for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Saara Forsström
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anne Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ayaka Isomi
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Anita M Tuomainen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna Tikka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Usama Abo Ramadan
- Experimental MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland. Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Miranda Van Eck
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland. Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Eero Mervaala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
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11
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Yuan Q, Bu Q, Li G, Zhang J, Cui T, Zhu R, Mu D. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:564-70. [PMID: 26052935 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer, predominantly by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a malignant tumour of endocrine system with increasing incidence rate worldwide. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates a variety of biological processes by transactivation of functional genes. In this study, we investigated the association between USF1 polymorphisms and PTC risk. MATERIAL & METHODS A total of 334 patients with PTC, 186 patients with benign nodules (BN) and 668 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Tag-SNPs were identified in Chinese Han in Beijing (CHB) from International HapMap Project Databases. Genomic DNAs were extracted by TaqMan Blood DNA kits. SNPs of USF1 were genotyped by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assay. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between USF1 genetic variants and PTC risk. The statistical analyses were carried out with spss 13.0 software. RESULTS Five tag-SNPs were retrieved to capture all the genetic variants of USF1. Among the five tag-SNPs, genetic variants in rs2516838, rs3737787 and rs2516839 have significant association with PTC risk. The rs2516838 polymorphisms dominant model (CG+GG vs CC: OR = 0·71; 95% CI: 0·52-0·97; P = 0·033) and allelic model (C vs G: OR = 0·031; 95% CI: 0·56-0·97; P = 0·031) indicated it may act as a protective factor against PTC. On the contrary, the results of rs3737787 polymorphisms: dominant model (CT+TT vs CC: OR = 1·55; 95%CI: 1·09-2·02; P = 0·001) and allelic model (C vs T: OR = 1·35; 95%CI: 1·10-1·64; P = 0·003), as well as the results of rs2516839 polymorphisms: dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR = 1·77; 95%CI: 1·31-2·38; P < 0·001) and allelic model (G vs A: OR = 1·36; 95%CI: 1·13-1·63; P = 0·014), revealed that they may act as risk factors for PTC. CONCLUSION In this study, we found the SNPs of rs2516838 (mutant G alleles vs wild C alleles), rs3737787 (mutant T alleles vs wild C alleles) and rs2516839 (mutant A alleles vs wild G alleles) were significantly associated with PTC risk. Further large-scale studies with different ethnicities are still needed to validate our findings and explore the underlying mechanism of USF1 in PTC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Qingao Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Dongpo Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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12
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Cuevas A, Fernández C, Ferrada L, Zambrano T, Rosales A, Saavedra N, Salazar LA. HMGCR rs17671591 SNP Determines Lower Plasma LDL-C after Atorvastatin Therapy in Chilean Individuals. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:292-7. [PMID: 26408409 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-lowering response to statin therapy shows large interindividual variability. At a genome-wide significance level, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PCSK9 and HMGCR have been implicated in this differential response. However, the influence of these variants is uncertain in the Chilean population. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of PCSK9 rs7552841 and HMGCR rs17671591 SNPs as genetic determinants of atorvastatin response in Chilean hypercholesterolaemic individuals. One hundred and one hypercholesterolaemic patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/day for 4 weeks. Plasma lipid profile (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) was determined before and after statin treatment, and SNPs were identified by allelic discrimination using TaqMan(®) SNP Genotyping Assays. Adjusted univariate and multivariate analyses' models were used for statistical analyses, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. From baseline (week 0) to the study end-point (week 4), significant reductions were observed in plasma TC, LDL-C and TG (p < 0.001), while HDL-C levels were increased (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed no association between lipid levels and atorvastatin therapy for the PCSK9 variant. However, the HMGCR rs17671591 T allele contributed to basal HDL-C concentration variability along with a higher increase in this lipid fraction after statin medication. In addition, this allele determined greater plasma LDL-C reductions after therapy with atorvastatin. Our data suggest that the HMGCR rs17671591 polymorphism can constitute a genetic marker of lower plasma LDL-C and enhanced HDL-C concentration after atorvastatin therapy in the Chilean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cuevas
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, University of La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile.,Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - César Fernández
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis Ferrada
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, University of La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Alexy Rosales
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, University of La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, University of La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, University of La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
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13
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Maples JM, Brault JJ, Witczak CA, Park S, Hubal MJ, Weber TM, Houmard JA, Shewchuk BM. Differential epigenetic and transcriptional response of the skeletal muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) gene to lipid exposure with obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E345-56. [PMID: 26058865 PMCID: PMC4537922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00505.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to increase fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in response to dietary lipid is impaired in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals, which is associated with a failure to coordinately upregulate genes involved with FAO. While the molecular mechanisms contributing to this metabolic inflexibility are not evident, a possible candidate is carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B (CPT1B), which is a rate-limiting step in FAO. The present study was undertaken to determine if the differential response of skeletal muscle CPT1B gene transcription to lipid between lean and severely obese subjects is linked to epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone acetylation) that impact transcriptional activation. In primary human skeletal muscle cultures the expression of CPT1B was blunted in severely obese women compared with their lean counterparts in response to lipid, which was accompanied by changes in CpG methylation, H3/H4 histone acetylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α transcription factor occupancy at the CPT1B promoter. Methylation of specific CpG sites in the CPT1B promoter that correlated with CPT1B transcript level blocked the binding of the transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor, suggesting a potential causal mechanism. These findings indicate that epigenetic modifications may play important roles in the regulation of CPT1B in response to a physiologically relevant lipid mixture in human skeletal muscle, a major site of fatty acid catabolism, and that differential DNA methylation may underlie the depressed expression of CPT1B in response to lipid, contributing to the metabolic inflexibility associated with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Maples
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Sanghee Park
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Todd M Weber
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Brian M Shewchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina;
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14
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Gut microbiota as an epigenetic regulator: pilot study based on whole-genome methylation analysis. mBio 2014; 5:mBio.02113-14. [PMID: 25516615 PMCID: PMC4271550 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02113-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The core human gut microbiota contributes to the developmental origin of diseases by modifying metabolic pathways. To evaluate the predominant microbiota as an epigenetic modifier, we classified 8 pregnant women into two groups based on their dominant microbiota, i.e., Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Deep sequencing of DNA methylomes revealed a clear association between bacterial predominance and epigenetic profiles. The genes with differentially methylated promoters in the group in which Firmicutes was dominant were linked to risk of disease, predominantly to cardiovascular disease and specifically to lipid metabolism, obesity, and the inflammatory response. This is one of the first studies that highlights the association of the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut with methylation patterns. Further longitudinal and in-depth studies targeting individual microbial species or metabolites are recommended to give us a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of such epigenetic modifications. IMPORTANCE Epigenetics encompasses genomic modifications that are due to environmental factors and do not affect the nucleotide sequence. The gut microbiota has an important role in human metabolism and could be a significant environmental factor affecting our epigenome. To investigate the association of gut microbiota with epigenetic changes, we assessed pregnant women and selected the participants based on their predominant gut microbiota for a study on their postpartum methylation profile. Intriguingly, we found that blood DNA methylation patterns were associated with gut microbiota profiles. The gut microbiota profiles, with either Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes as a dominant group, correlated with differential methylation status of gene promoters functionally associated with cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, differential methylation of gene promoters linked to lipid metabolism and obesity was observed. For the first time, we report here a position of the predominant gut microbiota in epigenetic profiling, suggesting one potential mechanism in obesity with comorbidities, if proven in further in-depth studies.
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15
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Significant association between upstream transcription factor 1 rs2516839 polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a case–control study. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2551-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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16
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Zhou X, Zhu HQ, Ma CQ, Li HG, Liu FF, Chang H, Lu J. Two polymorphisms of USF1 gene (-202G>A and -844C>T) may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility based on a case-control study in Chinese Han population. Med Oncol 2014; 31:301. [PMID: 25367853 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prototype of liver cancer, which is closely related to manifested metabolism of lip and glucose. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is an important transcription factor in human genome, and it regulates the expression of multiple genes associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. This study aims at investigating the correlation between seven common USF1 polymorphisms (i.e., -1994 G>A, -202 G>A, 7998 A>G, -844 C>T, 9042 C>G, 9441 T>C, and -2083 G>A) and the risk of HCC. Elucidation of the interaction might be of vital importance to the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. One hundred and fifty-five HCC patients and 160 healthy controls from a Chinese Han population were involved in this study. Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified with reference to CBI-dbSNP and HapMap databases. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was conducted to determine the polymorphisms of USF1. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were applied to evaluate the difference of genotype distribution. Seven SNPs were selected to be representatives. No significant difference was observed concerning -1994 G>A, 7998 A>G, 9042 C>G, 9441 T>C, and -2083 G>A polymorphisms (all P > 0.05). A significantly elevated genotype frequency regarding -202 G>A polymorphism was observed in HCC patients [AA vs. GG: OR 2.13 (1.13-4.01), P = 0.019; AA vs. GG+GA: OR 2.22 (1.32-3.75), P = 0.003; A allele vs. G allele: OR 1.46 (1.07-2.01), P = 0.018]. Subjects carrying mutant -844 C>T genotypes also had a higher risk of HCC [CT vs. CC: OR 1.88 (1.17-3.04), P = 0.009; CT+TT vs. CC: OR 1.83 (1.17-2.86), P = 0.008; T allele vs. C allele: OR 1.49 (1.06-2.09), P = 0.020]. Further studies are recommended to validate our findings in different ethnicity and to clarify the functional relationship between USF1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (East District), No. 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
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17
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Wang R, Liang H, Li H, Dou H, Zhang M, Baobuhe, Du Z, Gao M, Wang R. USF-1 inhibition protects against oxygen-and-glucose-deprivation-induced apoptosis via the downregulation of miR-132 in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1053-9. [PMID: 24661879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF-1) is an important transcription factor that participates in glucose metabolism and tumorigenesis. The aim of the current study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of USF-1 in HepG2 cells exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). After the establishment of the OGD model in HepG2 cells, we determined that the cells treated with OGD exhibited a high apoptotic rate and that the introduction of siRNA against USF-1 protected the cells from OGD-induced apoptosis. The miRNA microarray results demonstrated that a set of miRNAs were deregulated in the cells transfected with USF-1 siRNA, and the set of downregulated miRNAs included a novel miRNA, miR-132. Further analyses indicated that miR-132 overexpression inhibits the protective roles of USF-1 siRNA in OGD-induced apoptosis. We also identified several binding sites for USF-1 in the miR-132 promoter. The silencing of USF-1 resulted in a reduction in miR-132 expression, and USF-1 overexpression increased the expression of this miRNA. Our study indicated that the silencing of USF-1 plays protective roles in OGD-induced apoptosis through the downregulation of miR-132, which indicates that the silencing of USF-1 may be a therapeutic strategy for the promotion of cancer cell survival under OGD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiqian Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Herong Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Baobuhe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Mojie Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics College of Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Auer S, Hahne P, Soyal SM, Felder T, Miller K, Paulmichl M, Krempler F, Oberkofler H, Patsch W. Potential Role of Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1 Gene Variant in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia and Related Disorders. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1535-44. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.245639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Genetic studies implicated upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) in familial combined hyperlipidemia because the rs2073658 minor allele was associated with reduced risk of familial combined hyperlipidemia and related disorders. The molecular mechanisms whereby rs2073658 influences trait expression have remained elusive.
Methods and Results—
Plasma lipids, rs2073658 genotypes (N=372), and hepatic transcript levels (N=96) of
USF1
and genes involved in hepatic lipoprotein production were determined in obese subjects. The rs2073658 minor allele was associated with reduced plasma triglycerides (TGs) (
P
<0.001), hepatic
USF1
(
P
<0.01), and microsomal TG transfer protein transcript levels (
P
<0.05). Functional studies in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells showed that rs2073658 is located in a forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) binding site and that major allele constructs displayed higher transcriptional activity than minor allele constructs. Knockdown of FOXA2 reduced the activity of major, but not minor allele constructs. Furthermore, an interaction between hepatic FOXA2 transcript levels and rs2073658 minor allele carrier status on hepatic
USF1
transcript levels was observed in vivo (
P
<0.05).
USF1
activated the transcription of FOXA2 and FOXA2 strongly activated the transcription of microsomal TG transfer protein.
Conclusion—
A feed-forward loop comprising activation of
USF1
transcription by FOXA2 and activation of FOXA2 transcription by
USF1
, driving microsomal TG transfer protein expression, is modulated by rs2073658. Hence, rs2073658 likely influences hepatic TG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Auer
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Penelope Hahne
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Selma M. Soyal
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Felder
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karl Miller
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Krempler
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Oberkofler
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
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19
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Meyers KJ, Chu J, Mosley TH, Kardia SLR. SNP-SNP interactions dominate the genetic architecture of candidate genes associated with left ventricular mass in African-Americans of the GENOA study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:160. [PMID: 21067599 PMCID: PMC2991303 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong, independent predictor of heart disease incidence and mortality. LVM is a complex, quantitative trait with genetic and environmental risk factors. This research characterizes the genetic architecture of LVM in an African-American population by examining the main and interactive effects of individual candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and conventional risk factors for increased LVM. METHODS We used least-squares linear regression to investigate 1,878 SNPs from 234 candidate genes for SNP main effects, SNP-risk factor interactions, or SNP-SNP interactions associated with LVM in 1,328 African-Americans from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. We reduced the probability of false positive results by implementing three analytic criteria: 1) the false discovery rate, 2) cross-validation, and 3) testing for internal replication of results. RESULTS We identified 409 SNP-SNP interactions passing all three criteria, while no SNP main effects or SNP-risk factor interactions passed all three. A multivariable model including four SNP-SNP interactions explained 11.3% of the variation in LVM in the full GENOA sample and 5.6% of LVM variation in independent test sets. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research underscore that context dependent effects, specifically SNP-SNP interactions, may dominate genetic contributions to variation in complex traits such as LVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Meyers
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Paré G, Cook NR, Ridker PM, Chasman DI. On the use of variance per genotype as a tool to identify quantitative trait interaction effects: a report from the Women's Genome Health Study. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000981. [PMID: 20585554 PMCID: PMC2887471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing for genetic effects on mean values of a quantitative trait has been a very successful strategy. However, most studies to date have not explored genetic effects on the variance of quantitative traits as a relevant consequence of genetic variation. In this report, we demonstrate that, under plausible scenarios of genetic interaction, the variance of a quantitative trait is expected to differ among the three possible genotypes of a biallelic SNP. Leveraging this observation with Levene's test of equality of variance, we propose a novel method to prioritize SNPs for subsequent gene–gene and gene–environment testing. This method has the advantageous characteristic that the interacting covariate need not be known or measured for a SNP to be prioritized. Using simulations, we show that this method has increased power over exhaustive search under certain conditions. We further investigate the utility of variance per genotype by examining data from the Women's Genome Health Study. Using this dataset, we identify new interactions between the LEPR SNP rs12753193 and body mass index in the prediction of C-reactive protein levels, between the ICAM1 SNP rs1799969 and smoking in the prediction of soluble ICAM-1 levels, and between the PNPLA3 SNP rs738409 and body mass index in the prediction of soluble ICAM-1 levels. These results demonstrate the utility of our approach and provide novel genetic insight into the relationship among obesity, smoking, and inflammation. Finding gene–gene and gene–environment interactions is a major challenge in genetics. In this report, we propose a novel method to help detect these interactions. This method works by first identifying a subset of genetic variants more likely to be involved in genetic interactions and then testing these variants for interaction effects. Using this method, we were able to identify three previously unknown genetic interactions. The first interaction involves a measure of body fat and a genetic variant of the LEPR gene in the prediction of C-reactive protein concentration, a marker of inflammation. The second interaction involves the same measure of body fat and a genetic variant of the PNPLA3 gene in the prediction of ICAM-1 levels, also a marker of inflammation. These results are significant because both LEPR and PNPLA3 are linked to the biological response to increased body fat, and inflammation itself is known to be increased in obesity and is thought to contribute to its adverse health effect. Finally, a third interaction was identified between a genetic variant of the ICAM1 gene and smoking in the prediction of ICAM-1 levels. The ICAM1 gene encodes ICAM-1 itself and smoking is known to be an important determinant of ICAM-1 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Paré
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Genomics Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic variants affecting complex human diseases. It is of great interest to build disease risk prediction models based on these data. In this article, we first discuss statistical challenges in using genome-wide association data for risk predictions, and then review the findings from the literature on this topic. We also demonstrate the performance of different methods through both simulation studies and application to real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Laurila PP, Naukkarinen J, Kristiansson K, Ripatti S, Kauttu T, Silander K, Salomaa V, Perola M, Karhunen PJ, Barter PJ, Ehnholm C, Peltonen L. Genetic association and interaction analysis of USF1 and APOA5 on lipid levels and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:346-52. [PMID: 19910639 PMCID: PMC3224996 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE USF1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor governing the expression of numerous genes of lipid and glucose metabolism. APOA5 is a well-established candidate gene regulating triglyceride (TG) levels and has been identified as a downstream target of upstream stimulatory factor. No detailed studies about the effect of APOA5 on atherosclerotic lesion formation have been conducted, nor has its potential interaction with USF1 been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed allelic variants of USF1 and APOA5 in families (n=516) ascertained for atherogenic dyslipidemia and in an autopsy series of middle-aged men (n=300) with precise quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic lesions. The impact of previously associated APOA5 variants on TGs was observed in the dyslipidemic families, and variant rs3135506 was associated with size of fibrotic aortic lesions in the autopsy series. The USF1 variant rs2516839, associated previously with atherosclerotic lesions, showed an effect on TGs in members of the dyslipidemic families with documented coronary artery disease. We provide preliminary evidence of gene-gene interaction between these variants in an autopsy series with a fibrotic lesion area in the abdominal aorta (P=0.0028), with TGs in dyslipidemic coronary artery disease subjects (P=0.03), and with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.008) in a large population cohort of coronary artery disease patients (n=1065) in which the interaction for TGs was not replicated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in these unique samples reinforce the roles of APOA5 and USF1 variants on cardiovascular phenotypes and suggest that both genes contribute to lipid levels and aortic atherosclerosis individually and possibly through epistatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Plaisier CL, Horvath S, Huertas-Vazquez A, Cruz-Bautista I, Herrera MF, Tusie-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas C, Pajukanta P. A systems genetics approach implicates USF1, FADS3, and other causal candidate genes for familial combined hyperlipidemia. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000642. [PMID: 19750004 PMCID: PMC2730565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a common SNP in the 3' untranslated region of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), rs3737787, may affect lipid traits by influencing gene expression levels, and we investigated this possibility utilizing the Mexican population, which has a high predisposition to dyslipidemia. We first associated rs3737787 genotypes in Mexican Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) case/control fat biopsies, with global expression patterns. To identify sets of co-expressed genes co-regulated by similar factors such as transcription factors, genetic variants, or environmental effects, we utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Through WGCNA in the Mexican FCHL fat biopsies we identified two significant Triglyceride (TG)-associated co-expression modules. One of these modules was also associated with FCHL, the other FCHL component traits, and rs3737787 genotypes. This USF1-regulated FCHL-associated (URFA) module was enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolic processes. Using systems genetics procedures we identified 18 causal candidate genes in the URFA module. The FCHL causal candidate gene fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) was associated with TGs in a recent Caucasian genome-wide significant association study and we replicated this association in Mexican FCHL families. Based on a USF1-regulated FCHL-associated co-expression module and SNP rs3737787, we identify a set of causal candidate genes for FCHL-related traits. We then provide evidence from two independent datasets supporting FADS3 as a causal gene for FCHL and elevated TGs in Mexicans. By integrating a genetic polymorphism with genome-wide gene expression levels, we were able to attribute function to a genetic polymorphism in the USF1 gene. The USF1 gene has previously been associated with a common dyslipidemia, FCHL. FCHL is characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. We demonstrate that this genetic polymorphism in USF1 contributes to FCHL disease risk by modulating the expression of a group of genes functionally related to lipid metabolism, and that this modulation is mediated by USF1. One of the genes whose expression is modulated by USF1 is FADS3, which was also implicated in a recent genome-wide association study for lipid traits. We demonstrated that a genetic polymorphism from the FADS3 region, which was associated with triglycerides in a GWAS study of Caucasians, was also associated with triglycerides in Mexican FCHL families. Our analysis provides novel insight into the gene expression profile contributing to FCHL disease risk, and identifies FADS3 as a new gene for FCHL in Mexicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Plaisier
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel F. Herrera
- Surgery Division, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Naukkarinen J, Nilsson E, Koistinen HA, Söderlund S, Lyssenko V, Vaag A, Poulsen P, Groop L, Taskinen MR, Peltonen L. Functional variant disrupts insulin induction of USF1: mechanism for USF1-associated dyslipidemias. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:522-9. [PMID: 20031629 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.840421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) gene is associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, the most common genetic dyslipidemia in humans, as well as with various dyslipidemic changes in numerous other studies. Typical of complex disease-associated genes, neither the explicit mutations have been described nor the functional consequences for risk allele carriers been reported at the cellular or tissue level. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we aimed at describing the molecular mechanism through which the strongest associating intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism variant in USF1 is involved in the development of dyslipidemia. The effects of the risk variant on gene expression were studied in 2 relevant human tissues, fat and muscle. Global transcript profiles of 47 fat biopsies ascertained for carriership of the risk allele were tested for differential expression of known USF1 target genes as well as for broader effects on the transcript profile. Allelic imbalance of USF1 in fat was assessed using a quantitative sequencing approach. The possible allele-specific effect of insulin on the expression of USF1 was studied in 118 muscle biopsies before and after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The risk allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2073658 seems to eradicate the inductive effect of insulin on the expression of USF1 in muscle and fat. The expression of numerous target genes is in turn perturbed in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS In risk allele carriers, a defective response of USF1 to insulin results in the suboptimal response of relevant target genes that contributes to the enhanced risk of developing dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Naukkarinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Singmann P, Baumert J, Herder C, Meisinger C, Holzapfel C, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Klingenspor M, Rathmann W, Illig T, Grallert H. Gene-gene interaction between APOA5 and USF1: two candidate genes for the metabolic syndrome. Obes Facts 2009; 2:235-42. [PMID: 20054229 PMCID: PMC2919429 DOI: 10.1159/000227288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome, a major cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, shows increasing prevalence worldwide. Several studies have established associations of both apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene variants and upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) gene variants with blood lipid levels and metabolic syndrome. USF1 is a transcription factor for APOA5. METHODS We investigated a possible interaction between these two genes on the risk for the metabolic syndrome, using data from the German population-based KORA survey 4 (1,622 men and women aged 55-74 years). Seven APOA5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in combination with six USF1 SNPs, applying logistic regression in an additive model adjusting for age and sex and the definition for metabolic syndrome from the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP (AIII)) including medication. RESULTS The overall prevalence for metabolic syndrome was 41%. Two SNP combinations showed a nominal gene-gene interaction (p values 0.024 and 0.047). The effect of one SNP was modified by the other SNP, with a lower risk for the metabolic syndrome with odds ratios (ORs) between 0.33 (95% CI = 0.13-0.83) and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.15-1.12) when the other SNP was homozygous for the minor allele. Nevertheless, none of the associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Thus, there is an indication of an interaction between APOA5 and USF1 on the risk for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Singmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Insitute for Clinical Diabetes Research, German Diabetes Center, Leipniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutrional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center at Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leipniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Dr. Thomas Illig, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental, Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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26
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van Deursen D, Jansen H, Verhoeven AJM. Glucose increases hepatic lipase expression in HepG2 liver cells through upregulation of upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2078-87. [PMID: 18758746 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Elevated hepatic lipase (HL, also known as LIPC) expression is a key factor in the development of the atherogenic lipid profile in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Recently, genetic screens revealed a possible association of type 2 diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidaemia with the USF1 gene. Therefore, we investigated the role of upstream stimulatory factors (USFs) in the regulation of HL. METHODS Levels of USF1, USF2 and HL were measured in HepG2 cells cultured in normal- or high-glucose medium (4.5 and 22.5 mmol/l, respectively) and in livers of streptozotocin-treated rats. RESULTS Nuclear extracts of cells cultured in high glucose contained 2.5 +/- 0.5-fold more USF1 and 1.4 +/- 0.2-fold more USF2 protein than cells cultured in normal glucose (mean +/- SD, n = 3). This coincided with higher DNA binding of nuclear proteins to the USF consensus DNA binding site. Secretion of HL (2.9 +/- 0.5-fold), abundance of HL mRNA (1.5 +/- 0.2-fold) and HL (-685/+13) promoter activity (1.8 +/- 0.3-fold) increased in parallel. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, the proximal HL promoter region was immunoprecipitated with anti-USF1 and anti-USF2 antibodies. Co-transfection with USF1 or USF2 cDNA stimulated HL promoter activity 6- to 16-fold. USF and glucose responsiveness were significantly reduced by removal of the -310E-box from the HL promoter. Silencing of the USF1 gene by RNA interference reduced glucose responsiveness of the HL (-685/+13) promoter region by 50%. The hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-treated rats was associated with similar increases in USF abundance in rat liver nuclei, but not with increased binding of USF to the rat Hl promoter region. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Glucose increases HL expression in HepG2 cells via elevation of USF1 and USF2. This mechanism may contribute to the development of the dyslipidaemia that is typical of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Talmud PJ, Smart M, Presswood E, Cooper JA, Nicaud V, Drenos F, Palmen J, Marmot MG, Boekholdt SM, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Kumari M, Humphries SE. ANGPTL4 E40K and T266M: effects on plasma triglyceride and HDL levels, postprandial responses, and CHD risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:2319-25. [PMID: 18974381 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.176917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like 4 is a dual-function protein: an inhibitor of LPL, influencing plasma triglycerides (TGs), with angiogenic properties. We examined the association of common ANGPTL4 variants with CHD traits and risk in 5 studies (13,527 individuals). METHODS AND RESULTS The effects on plasma lipids of 6 tagging SNPs and the recently identified E40K were examined in a study of 2772 men. Only T266M (rs1044250, MAF=30%) and E40K (MAF=2%) were significantly associated with TG-lowering (-10.4%, P<0.004 and -20.4%, P<0.0001), respectively. T266M no longer showed significant associations when K40 carriers (K40+) were excluded (P=0.2). Combining data from 5 studies confirmed the TG-lowering effect of K40+ (weighted mean difference: -0.12 [95% CI -0.18, -0.05] mmol/L TG P=0.0001). Surprisingly, in the 3 prospective studies, the combined OR for CHD was 1.48 (1.11 to 1.96, P=0.007), independent of TG. In individuals with a paternal history of MI (n=332) T266M, but not E40K, showed effects on postprandial AUC TG and glucose (P=0.009 and P=0.017, respectively) compared to controls (n=370). CONCLUSIONS Although associated with an atheroprotective lipid profile, E40K was associated with increased CHD risk, suggesting Angptl4 influences parameters beyond lipid levels. T266M showed effects only under conditions of postprandial stress. The functionality of these potential "loss-of-function" variants needs validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J Talmud
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, 5 University St, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
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28
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Collings A, Höyssä S, Fan M, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Marniemi J, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki TJ. Allelic variants of upstream transcription factor 1 associate with carotid artery intima-media thickness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Circ J 2008; 72:1158-64. [PMID: 18577828 DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. The impact of this gene on subclinical atherosclerosis is unknown. Associations of 3 allelic variants of the USF1 gene and their haplotypes with carotid artery intima - media thickness (IMT), carotid artery compliance (CAC) and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) were studied in a population of Finnish healthy young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population comprised 2,281 individuals participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. IMT, CAC and FMD values were measured by ultrasound examination. Genotypes were analysed using the 5' nuclease assay. A significant difference in IMT was found for usf1s1 (rs3737787) and usf1s8 (rs2516838) genotypes (p-values 0.046 and 0.021, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant difference between groups in haplotype 1 and haplotype 2 for IMT (p-values 0.011 and 0.028 respectively). In multivariate stepwise linear regression models adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, smoking, C-reactive protein, glucose, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols and triglycerides there were significant associations for the usf1s1 minor genotype AA to predict low IMT (p=0.038) and usf1s8 minor genotype GG to predict high IMT (p=0.003). There was also a significant association for haplotype 2 to predict low IMT in the otherwise similar multivariate model (p=0.006). No associations were found for polymorphisms and CAC, FMD or serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS The rs2516838 and rs3737787 polymorphisms of USF1 influence the carotid artery IMT, which is a new finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auni Collings
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland.
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29
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Meex SJR, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, van der Kallen CJH, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJM, Blaak EE, Wijmenga C, Hofker MH, Stehouwer CDA, de Bruin TWA. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in risk of type 2 diabetes: association study in 2000 Dutch Caucasians. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:352-5. [PMID: 18445538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes shares substantial genetic and phenotypic overlap with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), a well-established susceptibility gene for familial combined hyperlipidemia, is postulated to be such a shared genetic determinant. We evaluated two established variants in familial combined hyperlipidemia (rs2073658 and rs3737787) for association with type 2 diabetes in two Dutch case-control samples (N=2011). The first case-control sample comprised 501 subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Breda cohort and 920 healthy blood bank donors of Dutch Caucasian origin. The second case-control sample included 211 subjects with type 2 diabetes, and 379 normoglycemic controls. SNP rs2073658 and SNP rs3737787 were in perfect linkage disequilibrium. In the first case-control sample, prevalence of the major allele was higher in patients than in controls (75% versus 71%, OR=1.25, p=0.018). A similar effect-size and -direction was observed in the second case-control sample (76% versus 72%, OR=1.22, p=0.16). A combined analysis strengthened the evidence for association (OR=1.23, p=0.006). Notably, the increased risk for type 2 diabetes could be ascribed to the major allele, and its high frequency translated to a substantial population attributable risk of 14.5%. In conclusion, the major allele of rs2073658 in the USF1 gene is associated with a modestly increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians, with considerable impact at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J R Meex
- University of Maastricht, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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30
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van Greevenbroek MMJ, Zhang J, Kallen CJHVD, Schiffers PMH, Feskens EJM, de Bruin TWA. Effects of interacting networks of cardiovascular risk genes on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (the CODAM study). BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:36. [PMID: 18433508 PMCID: PMC2391157 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic dissection of complex diseases requires innovative approaches for identification of disease-predisposing genes. A well-known example of a human complex disease with a strong genetic component is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We genotyped normal-glucose-tolerant subjects (NGT; n = 54), subjects with an impaired glucose metabolism (IGM; n = 111) and T2DM (n = 142) subjects, in an assay (designed by Roche Molecular Systems) for detection of 68 polymorphisms in 36 cardiovascular risk genes. Using the single-locus logistic regression and the so-called haplotype entropy, we explored the possibility that (1) common pathways underlie development of T2DM and cardiovascular disease -which would imply enrichment of cardiovascular risk polymorphisms in "pre-diabetic" (IGM) and diabetic (T2DM) populations- and (2) that gene-gene interactions are relevant for the effects of risk polymorphisms. RESULTS In single-locus analyses, we showed suggestive association with disturbed glucose metabolism (i.e. subjects who were either IGM or had T2DM), or with T2DM only. Moreover, in the haplotype entropy analysis, we identified a total of 14 pairs of polymorphisms (with a false discovery rate of 0.125) that may confer risk of disturbed glucose metabolism, or T2DM only, as members of interacting networks of genes. We substantiated gene-gene interactions by showing that these interacting networks can indeed identify potential "disease-predisposing allele-combinations". CONCLUSION Gene-gene interactions of cardiovascular risk polymorphisms can be detected in prediabetes and T2DM, supporting the hypothesis that common pathways may underlie development of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Thus, a specific set of risk polymorphisms, when simultaneously present, increases the risk of disease and hence is indeed relevant in the transfer of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ong KL, Leung RYH, Wong LYF, Cherny SS, Sham PC, Lam TH, Lam KSL, Cheung BMY. Association of F11 receptor gene polymorphisms with central obesity and blood pressure. J Intern Med 2008; 263:322-32. [PMID: 18067551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES F11 receptor, also known as junctional adhesion molecule-1, in the autonomic nervous system is implicated in the development of hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rats. We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the F11 receptor gene (F11R) with hypertension and central obesity in Hong Kong Chinese. METHODS Seven tagging SNPs were identified in the HapMap database. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom MassArray in 263 hypertensive subjects and 393 normotensive controls, of whom 263 matched the cases in age and sex. RESULTS When subjects on anti-hypertensive medication were excluded, rs790056 and rs2774276 were associated with lower systolic blood pressure (TT:124.8 +/- 18.3 mmHg vs. TC + CC: 120.2 +/- 15.5 mmHg, P = 0.004 and CC: 124.7 +/- 18.5 mmHg vs. CG+GG: 120.5 +/- 15.1 mmHg, P = 0.007 respectively). Comparing 213 subjects with central obesity with 213 controls matched for sex and age, rs2481084 and rs3737787 were associated with lower odds of central obesity (odds ratio = 0.516, P = 0.002 and odds ratio = 0.540, P = 0.005 respectively). All these associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Analysis of statistically similar SNPs suggested that the causative variants for systolic blood pressure were located in F11R, whilst those for central obesity could be due to causative variants in the transcription factor 1 gene immediately upstream. CONCLUSIONS F11 receptor plays a role in blood pressure regulation, not only in rats but also in man. The link between F11 receptor and central obesity merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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32
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Auro K, Kristiansson K, Zethelius B, Berne C, Lannfelt L, Taskinen MR, Jauhiainen M, Perola M, Peltonen L, Syvänen AC. USF1 gene variants contribute to metabolic traits in men in a longitudinal 32-year follow-up study. Diabetologia 2008; 51:464-72. [PMID: 18097648 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genetic variants of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have previously been associated with dyslipidaemias in family studies. Our aim was to further address the role of USF1 in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular traits at the population level in a large Swedish male cohort (n=2,322) with multiple measurements for risk factors during 32 years of follow-up. METHODS Participants, born in 1920-1924, were examined at 50, 60, 70 and 77 years of age. The follow-up period for cardiovascular events was 1970-2002. We genotyped three haplotype tagging polymorphisms capturing the major allelic variants of USF1. RESULTS SNP rs2774279 was associated with the metabolic syndrome. The minor allele of rs2774279 was less common among individuals with metabolic syndrome than among healthy controls [p=0.0029 when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; p=0.0073 when defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)]. The minor allele of rs2774279 was also associated with lower BMI, lower fasting glucose values and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations in longitudinal analyses. With SNP rs2073658, a borderline association with metabolic syndrome was observed (p=0.036, IDF), the minor allele being the risk-increasing allele. The minor allele of rs2073658 also associated with higher total and LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-100 and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in longitudinal analyses. Importantly, these trends with respect to the allelic variants prevailed throughout the follow-up time of three decades. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that USF1 variants associate with the metabolic syndrome at population level and influence the cardiovascular risk factors throughout adulthood in a consistent, longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Auro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Kristiansson K, Ilveskoski E, Lehtimäki T, Peltonen L, Perola M, Karhunen PJ. Association analysis of allelic variants of USF1 in coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:983-9. [PMID: 18276913 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.156463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE USF1 regulates the transcription of more than 40 cardiovascular related genes and is well established as a gene associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, a condition increasing the risk for coronary heart disease. No detailed data, however, exists on the impact of this gene to the critical outcome at the tissue level: different types of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the USF1 in 2 autopsy series of altogether 700 middle-aged men (the Helsinki Sudden Death Study) with quantitative morphometric measurements of coronary atherosclerosis. SNP rs2516839, tagging common USF1 haplotypes, associated with the presence of several types of atherosclerotic lesions, particularly with the proportion of advanced atherosclerotic plaques (P=0.02) and area of calcified lesions (P<0.001) of the coronary arteries. Importantly, carriers of risk alleles of rs2516839 also showed a 2-fold risk for sudden cardiac death (genotype TT versus CC; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.75, P=0.04). The risk effect of rs2516839 was present also in aorta samples of the men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in this unique study sample suggest that USF1 contributes to atherosclerosis, the pathological arterial wall phenotype resulting in coronary heart disease and in its most dramatic consequence-sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Kristiansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Lee SK, Kim HJ, Kim BJ, Jo YS, Park KS, Baik HW, Hyun SH, Lee JC, Kim SA. Body mass index is associated with USF1 haplotype in Korean premenopausal women. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:83-8. [PMID: 18303204 PMCID: PMC2526481 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) gene has been shown to play an essential role as the cause of familial combined hyperlipidemia, and there are several association studies on the relationship between USF1 and metabolic disorders. In this study, we analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms in USF1 rs2073653 (306A>G) and rs2516840 (1748C>T) between the case (dyslipidemia or obesity) group and the control group in premenopausal females, postmenopausal females, and males among 275 Korean subjects. We observed a statistically significant difference in the GC haplotype between body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m2) and BMI <25 kg/m2 groups in premenopausal females ( chi2=4.23, p=0.04). It seems that the USF1 GC haplotype is associated with BMI in premenopausal Korean females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kang-Seo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haing-Woon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hyun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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Reiner AP, Carlson CS, Jenny NS, Durda JP, Siscovick DS, Nickerson DA, Tracy RP. USF1 Gene Variants, Cardiovascular Risk, and Mortality in European Americans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2736-42. [PMID: 17885212 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.154559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
A common haplotype of the upstream transcription factor 1 gene (
USF1
) has been associated with decreased susceptibility to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and, paradoxically, with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.
Methods and Results—
We assessed associations between
USF1
tagSNPs, CVD risk factors, and aging-related phenotypes using data from 2 large population-based cohorts, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), comprising younger and older adults, respectively. In CARDIA, each additional copy of the FCHL low-risk allele was associated with 2.4 mg/dL lower levels of LDL cholesterol (
P
=0.01) and decreased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis as assessed by coronary artery calcium (odds ratio 0.79; 95%CI 0.63 to 0.98). Whereas there was little association between
USF1
genotype and metabolic or CVD traits in older adults from CHS, the
USF1
low-risk dyslipidemia allele was associated with higher plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-6 levels and with increased risk of mortality, particularly attributable to noncardiovascular causes.
Conclusions—
There appears to be a complex and possibly age-dependent relationship between
USF1
genotype, atherosclerosis phenotypes, and CVD risk. USF1 may influence mortality through pathways distinct from atherosclerosis. Alternatively, linkage disequilibrium with neighboring polymorphisms in other genes such as
F11R
may be responsible for the observed
USF1
genotype–phenotype associations in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, Box 357236, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Lee JC, Weissglas-Volkov D, Kyttälä M, Sinsheimer JS, Jokiaho A, de Bruin TWA, Lusis AJ, Brennan ML, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van der Kallen CJH, Hazen SL, Pajukanta P. USF1 Contributes to High Serum Lipid Levels in Dutch FCHL Families and U.S. Whites With Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2222-7. [PMID: 17673701 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) characterized by high serum total cholesterol and/or triglycerides (TGs) is a common dyslipidemia predisposing to coronary artery disease (CAD). Recently, the upstream transcription factor 1 (
USF1
) was linked and associated with FCHL and TGs in Finnish FCHL families. Here we examined the previously associated rs3737787 SNP in extended Dutch FCHL families (n=532) and in a cohort of US subjects who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (n=1533).
Methods and Results—
In males of the Dutch FCHL families, we observed significant sex-dependent associations between the common allele of rs3737787 and FCHL, TGs, and related metabolic traits (
P
=0.02 to 0.006). In the U.S. Whites, sex-dependent associations with TGs and related metabolic traits were observed for the common allele of rs3737787 in males (
P
=0.04 to 0.02) and rare allele in females (
P
=0.05 to 0.002). This intriguing relationship was further supported by the highly significant genotype
x
sex interactions observed for TGs in the Dutch and TGs and body mass index (BMI) in U.S. White subjects with CAD (
P
=0.0005 to 0.00004).
Conclusion—
These data show that
USF1
influences several cardiovascular risk factors in a sex-dependent manner in Dutch FCHL families and U.S. Whites with CAD. A significant interaction between sex and genotype was shown to affect TGs and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Bouatia-Naji N, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Heude B, Proença C, Veslot J, Jouret B, Tichet J, Charpentier G, Marre M, Balkau B, Froguel P, Meyre D. Secretory granule neuroendocrine protein 1 (SGNE1) genetic variation and glucose intolerance in severe childhood and adult obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2007; 8:44. [PMID: 17617923 PMCID: PMC1936990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background 7B2 is a regulator/activator of the prohormone convertase 2 which is involved in the processing of numerous neuropeptides, including insulin, glucagon and pro-opiomelanocortin. We have previously described a suggestive genetic linkage peak with childhood obesity on chr15q12-q14, where the 7B2 encoding gene, SGNE1 is located. The aim of this study is to analyze associations of SGNE1 genetic variation with obesity and metabolism related quantitative traits. Methods We screened SGNE1 for genetic variants in obese children and genotyped 12 frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Case control analyses were performed in 1,229 obese (534 children and 695 adults), 1,535 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1,363 controls, all French Caucasians. We also studied 4,922 participants from the D.E.S.I.R prospective population-based cohort. Results We did not find any association between SGNE1 SNPs and childhood or adult obesity. However, the 5' region SNP -1,701A>G associated with higher area under glucose curve after oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.0005), higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.005) and lower insulinogenic index (p = 0.0003) in obese children. Similar trends were found in obese adults. SNP -1,701A>G did not associate with risk of T2D but tends to associate with incidence of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.75 95%CI [0.55–1.01]; p = 0.06) in the prospective cohort. Conclusion SGNE1 genetic variation does not contribute to obesity and common forms of T2D but may worsen glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, especially in the background of severe and early onset obesity. Further molecular studies are required to understand the molecular bases involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Vatin
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Veslot
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David Meyre
- CNRS-8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Choquette AC, Bouchard L, Houde A, Bouchard C, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Associations between USF1 gene variants and cardiovascular risk factors in the Quebec Family Study. Clin Genet 2007; 71:245-53. [PMID: 17309647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors are under the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Human upstream transcription factor 1 gene (USF1) encodes for a transcription factor, which modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that USF1 gene variants are associated with CVD risk factors in the Quebec Family Study (QFS). USF1 has been sequenced in 20 QFS subjects with high plasma apolipoprotein B100 (APOB) levels (>1.14 g/l) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (> or =250.7 Angstroms and < or =255.9 Angstroms), as well as in five subjects with larger LDL particles. Ten variants were identified in non-coding regions of USF1. Two of these polymorphisms (intron 7 c.561-100 G>A, and exon 11 c.*187 C>T) as well as the c.-56 A>G polymorphism, were genotyped and analyzed in 760 subjects from QFS. Association studies showed that women with c.561-100 A/A and c.*187 T/T genotypes had more favorable adiposity indices (<0.04). In summary, significant associations between relatively common USF1 genetic variants and CVD risk factors were observed in French Canadians.
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Nohara A, Kawashiri MA, Claudel T, Mizuno M, Tsuchida M, Takata M, Katsuda S, Miwa K, Inazu A, Kuipers F, Kobayashi J, Koizumi J, Yamagishi M, Mabuchi H. High Frequency of a Retinoid X Receptor γ Gene Variant in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia That Associates With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:923-8. [PMID: 17272748 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000258945.76141.8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic background of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) has not been fully clarified. Because several nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in lipid metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variants of nuclear receptors contribute to FCHL. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened all the coding regions of the PPARalpha, PPARgamma2, PPARdelta, FXR, LXRalpha, and RXRgamma genes in 180 hyperlipidemic patients including 60 FCHL probands. Clinical characteristics of the identified variants were evaluated in other 175 patients suspected of coronary disease. We identified PPARalpha Asp140Asn and Gly395Glu, PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala, RXRgamma Gly14Ser, and FXR -1g->t variants. Only RXRgamma Ser14 was more frequent in FCHL (15%, P<0.05) than in other primary hyperlipidemia (4%) and in controls (5%). Among patients suspected of coronary disease, we identified 9 RXRgamma Ser14 carriers, who showed increased triglycerides (1.62+/-0.82 versus 1.91+/-0.42 [mean+/-SD] mmol/L, P<0.05), decreased HDL-cholesterol (1.32+/-0.41 versus 1.04+/-0.26, P<0.05), and decreased post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase protein levels (222+/-85 versus 149+/-38 ng/mL, P<0.01). In vitro, RXRgamma Ser14 showed significantly stronger repression of the lipoprotein lipase promoter than RXRgamma Gly14. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RXRgamma contributes to the genetic background of FCHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Lipidology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Musani SK, Shriner D, Liu N, Feng R, Coffey CS, Yi N, Tiwari HK, Allison DB. Detection of gene x gene interactions in genome-wide association studies of human population data. Hum Hered 2007; 63:67-84. [PMID: 17283436 DOI: 10.1159/000099179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence supporting the commonality of gene x gene interactions, coupled with frequent failure to replicate results from previous association studies, has prompted statisticians to develop methods to handle this important subject. Nonparametric methods have generated intense interest because of their capacity to handle high-dimensional data. Genome-wide association analysis of large-scale SNP data is challenging mathematically and computationally. In this paper, we describe major issues and questions arising from this challenge, along with methodological implications. Data reduction and pattern recognition methods seem to be the new frontiers in efforts to detect gene x gene interactions comprehensively. Currently, there is no single method that is recognized as the 'best' for detecting, characterizing, and interpreting gene x gene interactions. Instead, a combination of approaches with the aim of balancing their specific strengths may be the optimal approach to investigate gene x gene interactions in human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Musani
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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van der Vleuten GM, Isaacs A, Hijmans A, van Duijn CM, Stalenhoef AFH, de Graaf J. The involvement of upstream stimulatory factor 1 in Dutch patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 2006; 48:193-200. [PMID: 17065663 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600184-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the upstream stimulatory factor 1 gene (USF1) was proposed as a candidate gene for familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). In this study, we examined the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 with respect to FCH and its related phenotypes in 36 Dutch FCH families. The diagnosis of FCH was based on both the traditional diagnostic criteria and a nomogram. The two polymorphisms, USF1s1 and USF1s2, were in complete linkage disequilibrium. No association was found for the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with FCH defined by the nomogram (USF1s1, P = 0.53; USF1s2, P = 0.53), whereas suggestive associations were found when using the traditional diagnostic criteria for FCH (USF1s1, P = 0.08; USF1s2, P = 0.07). USF1 was associated with total cholesterol (USF1s1, P = 0.05; USF1s2, P = 0.04) and apolipoprotein B (USF1s1, P = 0.06; USF1s2, P = 0.04). Small dense LDL showed a suggestive association (USF1s1, P = 0.10; USF1s2, P = 0.09). The results from the haplotype analyses supported the results obtained for the individual SNPs. In conclusion, the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 showed a suggestive association with FCH and contributed to the related lipid traits in our Dutch FCH families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly M van der Vleuten
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kantartzis K, Fritsche A, Machicao F, Stumvoll M, Machann J, Schick F, Häring HU, Stefan N. Upstream transcription factor 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high antilipolytic insulin sensitivity and show gene–gene interactions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2006; 85:55-61. [PMID: 17016691 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-006-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates the expression of many genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, among them genes regulating lipolysis. USF1 specifically regulates the expression of the hormone-sensitive lipase gene (HSL) in adipocytes and the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) in the liver, which was found to be involved in liver fat accumulation. The usf1s1 C > T and usf1s2 G > A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in USF1 are associated with increased in vitro catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. We investigated first whether SNPs in USF1 affect the lipolysis-suppressing action of insulin in vivo, and second, whether they interact with the -60C > G SNP in HSL on lipolysis and the -514C > T SNP in LIPC on liver fat. The usf1s1 C > T and usf1s2 G > A SNPs, together with the SNPs in HSL and LIPC, were determined in 407 Caucasians. Lipolysis was estimated as a change in free fatty acid (FFA) levels from baseline to 2 h of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fifty-four subjects had data from a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with calculation of antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. Subjects carrying the minor alleles (T of usf1s1 and A of usf1s2) had lower 2 h FFA (p = 0.01) and a larger decrease in FFA concentrations during the OGTT (p = 0.02). Antilipolytic insulin sensitivity was higher in these individuals (p = 0.03). No interaction of the usf1s1 C > T and usf1s2 G > A SNPs with the -60C > G SNP in HSL on antilipolytic insulin sensitivity was detected. Liver fat, measured by (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was elevated only in subjects who were both homozygous for the major alleles of usf1s1 and usf1s2 and carriers of the T allele of the -514C > T SNP in LIPC (p = 0.01). In conclusion, subjects carrying the T allele of SNP usf1s1 and the A allele of SNP usf1s2 have a higher antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. Moreover, both SNPs may interact with the -514C > T SNP in LIPC to determine liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Shibata N, Ohnuma T, Higashi S, Higashi M, Usui C, Ohkubo T, Watanabe T, Kawashima R, Kitajima A, Ueki A, Nagao M, Arai H. Genetic association between USF 1 and USF 2 gene polymorphisms and Japanese Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:660-2. [PMID: 16870626 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.7.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 and 2 genes on the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a case-control study was performed. The SNPs were genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 236 AD patients and 120 age-matched controls of Japanese descent. We observed no significant association between the three SNPs of the USF 1 gene and AD in our Japanese participants. In addition, the SNPs studied did not affect plasma cholesterol levels in our AD cases. For the USF 2 gene, the two SNPs did not show significant association with onset of AD. Our study suggests that the three SNPs of the USF 1 gene and two SNPs of the USF 2 gene presented here are not associated with onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine. 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan.
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Zeggini E, Damcott CM, Hanson RL, Karim MA, Rayner NW, Groves CJ, Baier LJ, Hale TC, Hattersley AT, Hitman GA, Hunt SE, Knowler WC, Mitchell BD, Ng MCY, O'Connell JR, Pollin TI, Vaxillaire M, Walker M, Wang X, Whittaker P, Xiang K, Kunsun X, Jia W, Chan JCN, Froguel P, Deloukas P, Shuldiner AR, Elbein SC, McCarthy MI. Variation within the gene encoding the upstream stimulatory factor 1 does not influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in samples from populations with replicated evidence of linkage to chromosome 1q. Diabetes 2006; 55:2541-8. [PMID: 16936202 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1 influences susceptibility to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and triglyceride levels. Phenotypic overlap between FCHL and type 2 diabetes makes USF1 a compelling positional candidate for the widely replicated type 2 diabetes linkage signal on chromosome 1q. We typed 22 variants in the F11R/USF1 region (1 per 3 kb), including those previously implicated in FCHL-susceptibility (or proxies thereof) in 3,726 samples preferentially enriched for 1q linkage. We also examined glucose- and lipid-related continuous traits in an overlapping set of 1,215 subjects of European descent. There was no convincing evidence for association with type 2 diabetes in any of seven case-control comparisons, individually or combined. Family-based association analyses in 832 Pima subjects were similarly negative. At rs3737787 (the variant most strongly associated with FCHL), the combined odds ratio, per copy of the rarer A-allele, was 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-1.24, P = 0.13). In 124 Utah subjects, rs3737787 was significantly associated (P = 0.002) with triglyceride levels, but direction of this association was opposite to previous reports, and there was no corroboration in three other samples. These data exclude USF1 as a major contributor to type 2 diabetes susceptibility and the basis for the chromosome 1q linkage. They reveal only limited evidence for replication of USF1 effects on continuous metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Zeggini
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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Reue K, Vergnes L. Approaches to lipid metabolism gene identification and characterization in the postgenomic era. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1891-907. [PMID: 16835441 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r600020-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genomic resources has already had a tremendous impact on biomedical research. In this review, we describe how whole genome sequence and high-throughput functional genomics projects have facilitated the identification and characterization of important genes in lipid metabolism and disease. We review key approaches and lipid genes identified in the first years of this century and discuss how genomic resources are likely to streamline gene identification and functional characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of recent advances that have defined the first putative genes behind familial combined hyperlipidemia, the most common genetic dyslipidemia and a major risk factor for early coronary heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS The first locus for familial combined hyperlipidemia on 1q21-23 revealed a gene encoding a transcription factor critical in lipid and glucose metabolism, USF1. All the associated variants represent noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of which affects the binding site of nuclear proteins with a putative effect on transcript levels of USF1. Transcript analyses of fat biopsies have exposed risk-allele related changes in the downstream genes. Another recent clue to the molecular pathogenesis of familial combined hyperlipidemia is the association of the high triglyceride trait with the APOA5 gene, located on 11q. More familial combined hyperlipidemia genes are expected to be found, since linkage evidence exists for additional loci on 16q24 and 20q12-q13.1. SUMMARY Genetic research of familial combined hyperlipidemia families has revealed several linked loci guiding to susceptibility genes. The USF1 transcription factor is the major gene underlying the 1q21-23 linkage. Modifying genes, especially influencing the high triglyceride trait, include APOC3 and APOA5, the latter representing a downstream target of USF1 and implying a USF1-dependent pathway in the molecular pathogenesis of dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Naukkarinen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Komulainen K, Alanne M, Auro K, Kilpikari R, Pajukanta P, Saarela J, Ellonen P, Salminen K, Kulathinal S, Kuulasmaa K, Silander K, Salomaa V, Perola M, Peltonen L. Risk alleles of USF1 gene predict cardiovascular disease of women in two prospective studies. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e69. [PMID: 16699592 PMCID: PMC1458962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor controlling several critical genes in lipid and glucose metabolism. Of some 40 genes regulated by USF1, several are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the USF1 gene has been shown to have a critical role in the etiology of familial combined hyperlipidemia, which predisposes to early CVD, the gene's potential role as a risk factor for CVD events at the population level has not been established. Here we report the results from a prospective genetic-epidemiological study of the association between the USF1 variants, CVD, and mortality in two large Finnish cohorts. Haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms exposing all common allelic variants of USF1 were genotyped in a prospective case-cohort design with two distinct cohorts followed up during 1992-2001 and 1997-2003. The total number of follow-up years was 112,435 in 14,140 individuals, of which 2,225 were selected for genotyping based on the case-cohort study strategy. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, we observed an association of USF1 with CVD and mortality among females. In combined analysis of the two cohorts, female carriers of a USF1 risk haplotype had a 2-fold risk of a CVD event (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.53; p = 0.01) and an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.46-4.35; p = 0.0009). A putative protective haplotype of USF1 was also identified. Our study shows how a gene identified in exceptional families proves to be important also at the population level, implying that allelic variants of USF1 significantly influence the prospective risk of CVD and even all-cause mortality in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Komulainen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Alanne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Auro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riika Kilpikari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Janna Saarela
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Salminen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sangita Kulathinal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Cui JX, Du HL, Liang Y, Deng XM, Li N, Zhang XQ. Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of chicken prolactin with egg production. Poult Sci 2006; 85:26-31. [PMID: 16493942 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken prolactin (PRL) is a physiological candidate gene for egg production. The objective of the current research was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the chicken PRL promoter region with egg production. Genotyping of 177 individuals from White Leghorn, Yangshan, Taihe Silkies, White Rock, and Nongdahe breeds for 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (C-2402T, C-2161G, T-2101G, C-2062G, T-2054A, and G-2040A) and 1 24-bp indel (insertion-deletion) at the site of -358 of the chicken PRL gene revealed large breed differences in allelic frequencies for all but the T-2101G and T-2054A polymorphisms. An F2 population produced from Nongdahe x Taihe Silkies chickens consisted of 374 hens, which were recorded for egg production traits and genotyped for the above 7 polymorphisms. Marker-trait association analysis indicated that the 24-bp indel was associated with egg production (P < 0.01) and that H3 (C C T C T G) was the most advantageous haplotype for egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Cui
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
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Peltonen L, Perola M, Naukkarinen J, Palotie A. Lessons from studying monogenic disease for common disease. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15 Spec No 1:R67-74. [PMID: 16651371 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Peltonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a common complex disease that accounts for up to 20% of premature coronary heart disease. The upstream transcription factor 1, located on 1q21, was recently shown to be linked and associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia in Finnish families. Upstream transcription factor 1 is the first gene identified by positional cloning for familial combined hyperlipidemia. Replication studies are critical to investigation of complex diseases because only they can verify the importance of the original findings. We review recent studies that examine the genetic contribution and functional consequence of upstream transcription factor 1 variants to familial combined hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aiming beyond upstream transcription factor 1, we also evaluate novel strategies that have made it possible to globally examine the genome and the transcriptome. RECENT FINDINGS Three independent studies support the role of upstream transcription factor 1 in familial combined hyperlipidemia. The results for type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome have been less conclusive highlight novel strategies for gene identification in familial combined hyperlipidemia. SUMMARY Currently, genetic and functional evidence is supportive of a role for upstream transcription factor 1 in the etiology of familial combined hyperlipidemia and its component traits, although the mechanism of causality still remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Lee
- Department of Human Genetics bDepartment of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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