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Zhang B, Peng Y, Luo Y, Hong C, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Su X, Wu F. Relationship between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk and alcohol-related ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms: Evidence from a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20437-20449. [PMID: 37795758 PMCID: PMC10652316 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ALDH2 and ADH1B genes may be associated with alcohol metabolism and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed at comprehensively assessing the associations between ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms and the risk of ESCC to synthesize and clarify the evidence. METHODS We calculated summary estimates of the associations between four genetic variants (rs671 and rs674 in ALDH2, and rs1229984 and rs1042026 in ADH1B) and the ESCC risk across 23 publications in the additive model and allelic model. Venice criteria, Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP), and false-positive reporting probability (FPRP) were used to assess the strength of epidemiological evidence. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by using the Higgin's I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed by using funnel plots and Begg's test. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to determine the causal association between alcohol intake and esophageal cancer risk. Data from the HaploReg v4.1 and PolyPhen-2 were analyzed for functional annotations. RESULTS Of the four genetic variants, rs671 of ALDH2 was associated with a significantly reduced risk of ESCC (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.73), whereas rs1229984 of ADH1B was associated with a significantly increased risk (2.50, 95% CI: 1.70-3.69) in the additive model. In the allelic model, the variant rs1229984 of ADH1B also increased the risk of ESCC (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.21-1.87). The result for the variant rs671 was considered as strong epidemiological evidence. Functional annotations identified that the four variants were related to the enhancer histone marks and motif changes. The other two variants were not associated with the ESCC risk (rs674 of ALDH2 OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.71-2.12; rs1042026 of ADH1B OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.52-3.14) in the additive model. The MR analysis did not find a causal effect of alcohol on the esophageal cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with an increased the risk of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Preventive MedicineBin Hai Wan Central Hospital of DongguanDongguanChina
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yu‐Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Precision Medicine Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chao‐Qun Hong
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yi‐Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Precision Medicine Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yu‐Ling Zhang
- Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yi‐Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Precision Medicine Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xue‐Fen Su
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Fang‐Cai Wu
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research CenterThe Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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2
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Fiore M, Minni A, Cavalcanti L, Raponi G, Puggioni G, Mattia A, Gariglio S, Colizza A, Meliante PG, Zoccali F, Tarani L, Barbato C, Lucarelli M, Ceci FM, Francati S, Ferraguti G, Ceccanti M, Petrella C. The Impact of Alcohol Consumption and Oral Microbiota on Upper Aerodigestive Tract Carcinomas: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1233. [PMID: 37371963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress and an increased risk of carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT). Recently, it has been found that some microorganisms in the human oral cavity may locally metabolize ethanol, forming acetaldehyde, a carcinogenic metabolite of alcohol. In a cohort of patients first visited for UADT cancers, we estimated their alcohol consumption by measuring Ethyl Glucuronide/EtG (a long-lasting metabolite of ethanol) in the hair and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin/CDT (short-term index of alcohol intake) in the serum. Moreover, we analyzed, by culture-based methods, the presence of Neisseria subflava, Streptococcus mitis, Candida albicans, and glabrata (microorganisms generating acetaldehyde) in the oral cavity. According to the EtG values, we correlated drinking alcohol with endogenous oxidative stress and the investigated microorganism's presence. We found that 55% of heavy drinkers presented microorganisms generating acetaldehyde locally. Moreover, we found that the presence of oral acetaldehyde-producing bacteria correlates with increased oxidative stress compared to patients without such bacteria. As for the study of alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms (the enzyme that transforms alcohol to acetaldehyde), we found that only the "CGTCGTCCC" haplotype was more frequent in the general population than in carcinoma patients. This pilot study suggests the importance of estimating alcohol consumption (EtG), the presence of bacteria producing acetaldehyde, and oxidative stress as risk factors for the onset of oral carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Giammarco Raponi
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Puggioni
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattia
- Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Gariglio
- DIFAR-Department of Pharmacy, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Federica Zoccali
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- ASL Roma1, SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
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3
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McQuillan MA, Ranciaro A, Hansen MEB, Fan S, Beggs W, Belay G, Woldemeskel D, Tishkoff SA. Signatures of Convergent Evolution and Natural Selection at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Region are Correlated with Agriculture in Ethnically Diverse Africans. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6677382. [PMID: 36026493 PMCID: PMC9547508 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family of genes encodes enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of ethanol into acetaldehyde. Nucleotide variation in ADH genes can affect the catalytic properties of these enzymes and is associated with a variety of traits, including alcoholism and cancer. Some ADH variants, including the ADH1B*48His (rs1229984) mutation in the ADH1B gene, reduce the risk of alcoholism and are under positive selection in multiple human populations. The advent of Neolithic agriculture and associated increase in fermented foods and beverages is hypothesized to have been a selective force acting on such variants. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in populations outside of Asia. Here, we use genome-wide selection scans to show that the ADH gene region is enriched for variants showing strong signals of positive selection in multiple Afroasiatic-speaking, agriculturalist populations from Ethiopia, and that this signal is unique among sub-Saharan Africans. We also observe strong selection signals at putatively functional variants in nearby lipid metabolism genes, which may influence evolutionary dynamics at the ADH region. Finally, we show that haplotypes carrying these selected variants were introduced into Northeast Africa from a West-Eurasian source within the last ∼2,000 years and experienced positive selection following admixture. These selection signals are not evident in nearby, genetically similar populations that practice hunting/gathering or pastoralist subsistence lifestyles, supporting the hypothesis that the emergence of agriculture shapes patterns of selection at ADH genes. Together, these results enhance our understanding of how adaptations to diverse environments and diets have influenced the African genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Ranciaro
- Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Shaohua Fan
- Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - William Beggs
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Woldemeskel
- Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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4
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Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071374. [PMID: 35883865 PMCID: PMC9311529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent, comorbid, and disabling disorder. The underlying mechanism of ethanol neurotoxicity and the involvement of oxidative stress is still not fully elucidated. However, ethanol metabolism has been associated with increased oxidative stress through alcohol dehydrogenase, the microsomal ethanol oxidation system, and catalase metabolic pathways. We searched the PubMed and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog databases to review the literature systematically and summarized the findings focusing on AUD and alcohol abstinence in relation to oxidative stress. In addition, we reviewed the ClinicalTrials.gov resource of the US National Library of Medicine to identify all ongoing and completed clinical trials that include therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants. The retrieved clinical and preclinical studies show that oxidative stress impacts AUD through genetics, alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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5
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An advanced network pharmacology study to explore the novel molecular mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection for treating hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics and experimental verification. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:54. [PMID: 35236335 PMCID: PMC8892752 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Chinese patent drug that exerts curative effects in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of CKI in the treatment of HCC. Methods In this study, network pharmacology was used in combination with molecular biology experiments to predict and verify the molecular mechanism of CKI in the treatment of HCC. The constituents of CKI were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS and literature search. The targets corresponding to these compounds and the targets related to HCC were collected based on public databases. To screen out the potential hub targets of CKI in the treatment of HCC, a compound-HCC target network was constructed. The underlying pharmacological mechanism was explored through the subsequent enrichment analysis. Interactive Gene Expression Profiling Analysis and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to examine the expression and prognostic value of hub genes. Furthermore, the effects of CKI on HCC were verified through molecular docking simulations and cell experiments in vitro. Results Network analysis revealed that BCHE, SRD5A2, EPHX2, ADH1C, ADH1A and CDK1 were the key targets of CKI in the treatment of HCC. Among them, only CDK1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, while the other 5 targets were lowly expressed. Furthermore, the six hub genes were all closely related to the prognosis of HCC patients in survival analysis. Molecular docking revealed that there was an efficient binding potential between the constituents of CKI and BCHE. Experiments in vitro proved that CKI inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and up-regulated SRD5A2 and ADH1A, while down-regulated CDK1 and EPHX2. Conclusions This study revealed and verified the targets of CKI on HCC based on network pharmacology and experiments and provided a scientific reference for further mechanism research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03530-3.
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6
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Jin X, Long T, Chen H, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Yan L, Wu C. Associations of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Polymorphism With Cognitive Impairment Among the Oldest-Old in China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:710966. [PMID: 35368830 PMCID: PMC8965653 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.710966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggested that ALDH2 mutation is associated with alcohol metabolism, and ethanol intake might jointly increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in mice. However, it is unclear whether this synergistic effect exists among humans. We examined the associations of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes (i.e., ALDH2 rs671, ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1B rs1042026, and ADH1C rs1693482) and cognitive impairment among the oldest-old. We also investigated whether this association was modified by ethanol intake from alcohol consumption. Data were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey genetic sub-study, including 1,949 participants aged over 90 years. Participants with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of < 18 were considered cognitively impaired. Alcohol consumption was categorized as heavy, moderate, or never drinkers. With the dominant model, carrying A allele on rs671, C allele on rs1229984, and T allele on rs1042026 was associated with 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5%, 69%), 33% (95% CI: 2%, 75%), and 29% (95% CI: 3%, 62%) higher odds of cognitive impairment in the multivariable-adjusted logistic model, respectively. We did not observe a significant interaction between those SNPs and alcohol consumption. Among the oldest-old, carrying ALDH2 rs671 mutation was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment independent of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- MindRank AI Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingxi Long
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- MindRank AI Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Yan,
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Yan,
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7
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Haan E, Sallis HM, Ystrom E, Njølstad PR, Andreassen OA, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Munafò MR, Havdahl A, Zuccolo L. Maternal and offspring genetic risk score analyses of fetal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in offspring. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2090-2102. [PMID: 34486127 PMCID: PMC9293034 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on childhood attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using conventional observational designs have reported inconsistent findings, which may be affected by unmeasured confounding and maternal and fetal ability to metabolize alcohol. We used genetic variants from the alcohol metabolizing genes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), as proxies for fetal alcohol exposure to investigate their association with risk of offspring ADHD symptoms around age 7–8 years. Methods We used data from 3 longitudinal pregnancy cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Generation R study (GenR), and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa). Genetic risk scores (GRS) for alcohol use and metabolism using 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from ADH and ALDH genes were calculated for mothers (NALSPAC = 8196; NMOBA = 13,614), fathers (NMOBA = 13,935), and offspring (NALSPAC=8,237; NMOBA=14,112; NGENR=2,661). Associations between maternal GRS and offspring risk of ADHD symptoms were tested in the full sample to avoid collider bias. Offspring GRS analyses were stratified by maternal drinking status. Results The pooled estimate in maternal GRS analyses adjusted for offspring GRS in ALSPAC and MoBa was OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.97–1.02. The pooled estimate in offspring GRS analyses stratified by maternal drinking status across all the cohorts was as follows: ORDRINKING = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.02; ORNO DRINKING = 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02. These findings remained similar after accounting for maternal genotype data in ALSPAC and maternal and paternal genotype data in MoBa. Conclusions We did not find evidence for a causal effect of fetal alcohol exposure on risk of ADHD symptoms in offspring. The results may be affected by limited power to detect small effects and outcome assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Haan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Wu YY, Lee YS, Liu YL, Hsu WC, Ho WM, Huang YH, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Chen YC. Association Study of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Polymorphism With Alzheimer Disease in the Taiwanese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:625885. [PMID: 33551739 PMCID: PMC7862325 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.625885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are two major alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Moderate alcohol intake is a protective modified factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while heavy alcohol intake and abstinence increased dementia risk. The associations between Alzheimer’s disease and alcohol-metabolizing genes are uncertain. This study examined the association of AD with seven ADH/ALDH single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ADH1C rs2241894, ADH1B rs1229984, ALDH1B1 rs2073478, ALDH2 rs886205, rs4767944, rs4648328, and rs671. We enrolled 157 AD and 168 age- and sex-matched control subjects in pilot study to examine the association of AD with ADH/ALDH SNPs. Reconstructed ALDH2 haplotypes were performed. We measured plasma level of ADH1C and checked the interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level. In extension study, we further examined 339 AD and 2,504 healthy control from the Taiwan Biobank. In pilot study, we observed that ADH1C rs2241894 TT genotype was negatively associated with AD in a recessive genetic model (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.75, p < 0.0001) in women. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among the four examined SNPs of ALDH2. No haplotype was related to AD. The plasma ADH1C level in AD was higher than that in control. After adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol, we found a significant interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level (p = 0.04). This interaction effect was attributable to the association between AD and plasma ADH1C level (β estimate = 366, 95% CI 92.7∼639.4, p = 0.009). The genetic distribution of ADH1C rs2241894 showed strong ethnic heterogeneity, in which the T allele was the minor allele accounting for 28.5% in our study and 23.6% in East Asians, while it was a major allele in Americans, Europeans, and the global populations. No association was discovered between AD and the five SNPs: rs2241894, rs1229984, rs2073478, rs886205, and rs671 in the extension study. In summary, this study revealed a suggestive association between ADH1C rs2241894 and female AD in the pilot study, but failed to confirm this finding in a population database. Further age-matched and large sample size case-control studies are needed before rs2241894 can be interpreted as a protective genetic factor of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yah-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Ho
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Petrykey K, Andelfinger GU, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Genetic factors in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in patients treated for pediatric cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:865-883. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1807937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Petrykey
- Immune Diseases and Cancer, Sainte-Justine University Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregor U. Andelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Canada
- Fetomaternal and Neonatal Pathologies, Sainte-JustineUniversity Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Immune Diseases and Cancer, Sainte-Justine University Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Immune Diseases and Cancer, Sainte-Justine University Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Immune Diseases and Cancer, Sainte-Justine University Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université De Montréal (Quebec), Canada
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10
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Luo J, Xu L, Li X, Jin Y, Li C, Feng M, Wang Y, Chen J, Hou Y, Zhao Q, Zhao J, Ning B, Zheng Y, Yu D. MicroRNA hsa-miR-1301-3p Regulates Human ADH6, ALDH5A1 and ALDH8A1 in the Ethanol-Acetaldehyde-Acetate Metabolic Pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:120-129. [PMID: 32499331 DOI: 10.1124/mol.120.119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are vital enzymes involved in the metabolism of a variety of alcohols. Differences in the expression and enzymatic activity of human ADHs and ALDHs correlate with individual variability in metabolizing alcohols and drugs and in the susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as epigenetic modulators to regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. To characterize miRNAs that target ADHs and ALDHs in human liver cells, we carried out a systematic bioinformatics analysis to analyze free energies of the interaction between miRNAs and their cognate sequences in ADH and ALDH transcripts and then calculated expression correlations between miRNAs and their targeting ADH and ALDH genes using a public data base. Candidate miRNAs were selected to evaluate bioinformatic predictions using a series of biochemical assays. Our results showed that 11 miRNAs have the potential to modulate the expression of two ADH and seven ALDH genes in the human liver. We found that hsa-miR-1301-3p suppressed the expression of ADH6, ALDH5A1, and ALDH8A1 in liver cells and blocked their induction by ethanol. In summary, our results revealed that hsa-miR-1301-3p plays an important role in ethanol metabolism by regulating ADH and ALDH gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Systematic bioinformatics analysis showed that 11 microRNAs might play regulatory roles in the expression of two alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and seven aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes in the human liver. Experimental evidences proved that hsa-miR-1301-3p suppressed the expression of ADH6, ALDH5A1, and ALDH8A1 in liver cells and decreased their inducibility by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Xinmei Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Chuanhai Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Meiyao Feng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Yufei Hou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Jinquan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Baitang Ning
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China (X.W., Ya.Z., J.L., L.X., X.L., Y.J., C.L., M.F., Y.W., J.C., Y.H., Q.Z., J.Z., Yu.Z., D.Y.) and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (B.N.)
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11
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Govind P, Pavethynath S, Sawabe M, Arai T, Muramatsu M. Association between rs1229984 in ADH1B and cancer prevalence in a Japanese population. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:503-510. [PMID: 32337031 PMCID: PMC7179391 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cancer, but little is known regarding the effect of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism genes on alcohol-related cancer risk in the Japanese population. Associations between the ADH1B gene (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1229984 and cancer have been extensively studied yet evidence is inconsistent. This population-based case-control study primarily aimed to clarify any association between SNP rs1229984 in both overall and specific cancer risk in a Japanese population. The functional non-synonymous SNP rs1229984 (Arg48His) was genotyped using DNA samples from 1,359 consecutive autopsy cases registered in The Japanese Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Geriatric Research database. Medical and pathological record data from this database were used to categorise cases and controls. Results included 1,359 participants, 816 cases and 543 controls. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed no significant association between rs1229984 presence and overall cancer risk in both dominant and recessive genetic inheritance models [Arg/Arg+Arg/His vs. His/His: Adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.66 (95% CI=0.39-1.13; P=0.129), Arg/Arg vs. Arg/His+His/His: OR=0.95 (95% CI=0.75-1.20; P=0.657)]. However, results showed those homozygous for rs1229984 (genotype His/His) were at significantly decreased odds of lung cancer than other genotypes [recessive model: OR=0.64 (95% CI=0.44-0.93; P=0.020]. In conclusion, there was no significant association between rs1229984 and odds of overall or specific cancers except in lung cancer where His/His genotype decreased odds. To the best of our knowledge, the association between His/His and decreased odds of lung cancer is a novel finding. These findings require further validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Govind
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shilpa Pavethynath
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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McQuire C, Daniel R, Hurt L, Kemp A, Paranjothy S. The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:575-594. [PMID: 30648224 PMCID: PMC7250957 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a leading cause of developmental disability. Prenatal alcohol use is the sole necessary cause of FASD, but it is not always sufficient. Multiple factors influence a child's susceptibility to FASD following prenatal alcohol exposure. Much of the FASD risk factor literature has been limited to discussions of association, rather than causation. While knowledge of predictor variables is important for identifying who is most at risk of FASD and for targeting interventions, causal knowledge is important for identifying effective mechanisms for prevention and intervention programmes. We conducted a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the evidence and used this to create a causal diagram (directed acyclic graph; DAG) to describe the causal pathways to FASD. Our results show that the aetiology of FASD is multifaceted and complex. FASD risk is determined by a range of lifestyle, sociodemographic, maternal, social, gestational, and genetic factors. The causal diagram that we present in this review provides a comprehensive summary of causal risk factors for FASD and can be used as a tool to inform data collection and statistical modelling strategies to minimise bias in future studies of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl McQuire
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - R. Daniel
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - L. Hurt
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - A. Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - S. Paranjothy
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
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13
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Feng Y, Shi C, Wang D, Wang X, Chen Z. Integrated Analysis of DNA Copy Number Changes and Gene Expression Identifies Key Genes in Gastric Cancer. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:877-887. [PMID: 31545074 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with copy number changes in gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis. Microarray data GSE33429, including array-based comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiles, were obtained. DEGs were screened between GC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Genes located at Minimum Common Regions (MCRs) were identified, and overlapped genes between DEGs and genes with amplification or deletion were identified. Gene Ontology function and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed. A protein-protein interaction network for DEGs was built, and significant modules were mined from the network. Functional annotation of genes in modules was also performed. A total of 677 up- and 583 downregulated DEGs were identified, including 37 overexpressed genes located at gained MCRs and 28 downregulated genes located at deleted MCRs. In significant modules, upregulated genes with amplification, including DSN1 (MIS12 kinetochore complex component), MAPRE1 (microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1), TPX2 (microtubule-associated), UBE2C (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C), and MYBL2 (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-like 2), were associated with cell cycle, but downregulated genes with deletion, including UGT2B15 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B15), UGT2B17 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B17), ADH1B (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B), and ADH1A (alcohol dehydrogenase 1A), were related to metabolism. The identified genes DSN1, MAPRE1, TPX2, UBE2C, and MYBL2 located at gained MCRs and UGT2B15, UGT2B17, ADH1B, and ADH1A located at deleted MCRs may play an important role in GC progression through regulating cell cycle and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lee YJ, Yoo MG, Kim HK, Jang HB, Park KJ, Lee HJ, Kim SG, Park SI. The association between alcohol metabolism and genetic variants of ADH1A, SRPRB, and PGM1 in Korea. Alcohol 2019; 79:137-145. [PMID: 31002879 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health problem in East Asian countries. Alcohol use leads to a cascade of problems including increased chances of risky behavior and a wide range of negative health consequences, from alcoholic liver disease to upper gastric and liver cancer. These alcohol effects are known to be influenced by ethnic variability and genetics. METHODS In this study, subjects were administered a single dose of alcohol (0.6 g/kg for men or 0.4 g/kg for women), and blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were measured eight times over 5 hours. To investigate genetically susceptible factors to alcohol metabolism, we selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes identified by prior genetic association studies for alcohol metabolism, alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and related traits, and performed genotyping on all subjects (n = 104). RESULTS We identified variations in the ADH1A, SRPRB, and PGM1 genes, which are directly associated with blood alcohol or acetaldehyde concentrations. Namely, the T allele of SRPRB rs17376019 and the C allele of PGM1 rs4643 were associated with lower blood alcohol levels, while the ADH1 rs1229976 C allele group exhibited markedly higher blood acetaldehyde levels than those of the ADH1 rs1229976 T allele group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that genetic variations in ADH1A, SRPRB, and PGM1 are associated with variations in blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration after alcohol intake.
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Alcohol Intake Interacts with Functional Genetic Polymorphisms of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) to Increase Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Risk. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:712-725. [PMID: 30639619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have reported alcohol consumption and genetic variants as major contributing factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the complicated interactions between alcohol and genetic factors involved in alcohol metabolism have not been well elucidated with respect to augmented risk of ESCC. METHODS We performed a large population-based case-control study in a Chinese city with a high ESCC incidence by enrolling 1190 case patients and 1883 controls. We integrated candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism data, detailed alcohol consumption records, gene-alcohol interactions, and single-nucleotide polymorphism functional information to untangle the complicated relationship between alcohol, variants of genes encoding alcohol metabolism enzymes, and ESCC risk. The gene-alcohol interaction was tested by including their product term in a multivariable logistic regression model. Synergy index and ratio of ORs were calculated to assess interaction on additive and multiplicative scale, respectively. RESULTS We confirmed two ESCC susceptibility loci, rs671 in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member gene (ALDH2) and rs1042026 in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide gene (ADH1B), that significantly altered alcohol consumption behavior and subsequently modified the association between alcohol consumption and ESCC risk. The rs671(A) allele was associated with ESCC risk in alcohol drinkers (adjusted odds ratio =1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-2.60) but not in nondrinkers. Healthy individuals who carry different ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes exhibit diversified drinking behavior, with the proportion of drinkers varying between 23.7% and 54.3%. Among individuals with a fast ethanol oxidization rate, we observed a strong interaction between heavy alcohol consumption and ethanal oxidization rate on both the additive scale (synergy index 4.80 [95% CI: 1.82-12.68]) and the multiplicative scale (ratio of ORs 2.93, 95% CI: 1.39-6.35). CONCLUSIONS Our observation highlights the need for preventing excessive use of alcohol, especially in individuals harboring active alcohol dehyrogenase and inactive ALDH2 variants.
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Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN. Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2281-2297. [PMID: 30320893 PMCID: PMC6286250 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are complex traits, meaning that variations in many genes contribute to the risk, as does the environment. Although the total genetic contribution to risk is substantial, most individual variations make only very small contributions. By far the strongest contributors are functional variations in 2 genes involved in alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) metabolism. A functional variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is protective in people of European and Asian descent, and a different functional variant in the same gene is protective in those of African descent. A strongly protective variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is essentially only found in Asians. This highlights the need to study a wide range of populations. The likely mechanism of protection against heavy drinking and AUDs in both cases is alteration in the rate of metabolism of EtOH that at least transiently elevates acetaldehyde. Other ADH and ALDH variants, including functional variations in ADH1C, have also been implicated in affecting drinking behavior and risk for alcoholism. The pattern of linkage disequilibrium in the ADH region and the differences among populations complicate analyses, particularly of regulatory variants. This critical review focuses upon the ADH and ALDH genes as they affect AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the basic principles of Mendelian randomization (MR) and provides evidence for the causal effect of multiple modifiable factors on bone outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies using MR approach have provided support for the causal effect of obesity on bone mineral density (BMD). Strikingly, studies have failed to prove a causal association between elevated 25(OH) D concentrations and higher BMD in community-dwelling individuals. The MR approach has been successfully used to evaluate multiple factors related to bone mineral density variation and/or fracture risk. The MR approach avoids some of the classical observational study limitations and provides more robust causal evidence, ensuring bigger success of the clinical trials. The selection of interventions based on genetic evidence could have a substantial impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pastorino R, Iuliano L, Vecchioni A, Arzani D, Milic M, Annunziata F, Zerbinati C, Capoluongo E, Bonassi S, McKay JD, Boccia S. Effect of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and -7 polymorphisms on blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in healthy subjects with a history of moderate alcohol consumption. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:488-495. [PMID: 28731573 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes on blood acetaldehyde and ethanol levels after alcohol ingestion, and to measure the genotoxic effect of smoking and ethanol on the buccal cells, also controlling for ADH variants. We recruited healthy Italian subjects with at least a moderate history of alcohol consumption. All subjects were given an alcoholic drink of 0.4 g ethanol /kg of body weight. Blood venous samples were collected at baseline, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ingestion. Buccal cells were collected before ethanol ingestion. Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. Individuals with the ADH1B GG genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.4-7.2), and those with the ADH1B GT/TT genotype had 4.7mM (IQR 4.2-4.8). Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5μM (IQR 0.7-2.6) for ADH1B GG genotype and 1.6μM (IQR 1.5-1.7) for ADH1B CG/GG genotype. Individuals with the ADH7 CC genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.3-7.2), while 5.0mM (IQR 4.7-5.6) was in those with the ADH7 CG/GG genotype. Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5 μM (IQR 0.7-2.6) for ADH7 CC genotype and 1.5 μM (IQR 1.4-1.6) for ADH7 CG/GG genotypes. A non-significant increase in the frequency of karyolitic and pyknotic cells was found in the group of heavy drinkers and current smokers, when compared to the moderate drinkers and the non-smokers. Our study does not support the hypothesis that ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes affect blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Vecchioni
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Arzani
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirta Milic
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy
| | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico 'A. Gemelli' Rome, Italy
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Scionti F, Di Martino MT, Sestito S, Nicoletti A, Falvo F, Roppa K, Arbitrio M, Guzzi PH, Agapito G, Pisani A, Riccio E, Concolino D, Pensabene L. Genetic variants associated with Fabry disease progression despite enzyme replacement therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107558-107564. [PMID: 29296186 PMCID: PMC5746088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been widely used for the treatment of Fabry disease, a rare X-linked recessive disorder due to absent or reduced activity of lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. It is still unclear why some patients under ERT show disease progression typically with renal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the involvement of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion gene variants in response variability to ERT, genotyping 37 patients with the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporters (DMET) Plus microarray. We found three single nucleotide polymorphisms in human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)4 gene (rs1126670, rs1126671, rs2032349) and one in ADH5 gene (rs2602836) associated with disease progression (p < 0.05). Our data provide a basic tool for identification of patient with ERT non-response risk that may represent a framework for personalized treatment of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Nicoletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Falvo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Roppa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Hiram Guzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Agapito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Nephrology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccio
- Department of Nephrology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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A Systems Genetics Approach Identified GPD1L and its Molecular Mechanism for Obesity in Human Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1799. [PMID: 28496128 PMCID: PMC5431993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying obesity, we applied a systems genetics framework to integrate risk genetic loci from the largest body mass index (BMI) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis with mRNA and microRNA profiling in adipose tissue from 200 subjects. One module was identified to be most significantly associated with obesity and other metabolic traits. We identified eight hub genes which likely play important roles in obesity metabolism and identified microRNAs that significantly negatively correlated with hub genes. This module was preserved in other three test gene expression datasets, and all hub genes were consistently downregulated in obese subjects through the meta-analysis. Gene GPD1L had the highest connectivity and was identified a key causal regulator in the module. Gene GPD1L was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of miR-210, which was experimentally validated that miR-210 regulated GPD1L protein level through direct interaction with its mRNA three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR). GPD1L was found to be upregulated during weight loss and weight maintenance induced by low calorie diet (LCD), while downregulated during weight gain induced by high-fat diet (HFD). The results indicated that increased GPD1L in adipose tissue may have a significant therapeutic potential in reducing obesity and insulin resistance.
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Brunner C, Davies NM, Martin RM, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote‐Jarai Z, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles G, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Travis RC, Neal D, Donovan J, Hamdy FC, Pashayan N, Khaw K, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon‐Albright L, Brenner H, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Zuccolo L. Alcohol consumption and prostate cancer incidence and progression: A Mendelian randomisation study. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:75-85. [PMID: 27643404 PMCID: PMC5111609 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in developed countries, and is a target for risk reduction strategies. The effects of alcohol consumption on prostate cancer incidence and survival remain unclear, potentially due to methodological limitations of observational studies. In this study, we investigated the associations of genetic variants in alcohol-metabolising genes with prostate cancer incidence and survival. We analysed data from 23,868 men with prostate cancer and 23,051 controls from 25 studies within the international PRACTICAL Consortium. Study-specific associations of 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 alcohol-metabolising genes (Alcohol Dehydrogenases (ADHs) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases (ALDHs)) with prostate cancer diagnosis and prostate cancer-specific mortality, by grade, were assessed using logistic and Cox regression models, respectively. The data across the 25 studies were meta-analysed using fixed-effect and random-effects models. We found little evidence that variants in alcohol metabolising genes were associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. Four variants in two genes exceeded the multiple testing threshold for associations with prostate cancer mortality in fixed-effect meta-analyses. SNPs within ALDH1A2 associated with prostate cancer mortality were rs1441817 (fixed effects hazard ratio, HRfixed = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (95%CI):0.66,0.91; p values = 0.002); rs12910509, HRfixed = 0.76; 95%CI:0.64,0.91; p values = 0.003); and rs8041922 (HRfixed = 0.76; 95%CI:0.64,0.91; p values = 0.002). These SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. In ALDH1B1, rs10973794 (HRfixed = 1.43; 95%CI:1.14,1.79; p values = 0.002) was associated with prostate cancer mortality in men with low-grade prostate cancer. These results suggest that alcohol consumption is unlikely to affect prostate cancer incidence, but it may influence disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Brunner
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil M. Davies
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- The NIHR Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSM2 5NGUnited Kingdom
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonSW3 6JJUnited Kingdom
| | - Doug Easton
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary CareCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of CambridgeWorts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary CareCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of CambridgeWorts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary CareCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of CambridgeWorts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Graham Giles
- The Cancer Council VictoriaCancer Epidemiology Centre1 Rathdowne StreetCarltonVicAustralia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic EpidemiologyThe University of MelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and GeneticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryHerlev Hospital, Copenhagen University HospitalHerlev Ringvej 75DK‐2730HerlevDenmark
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - David Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro‐Oncology: S4)University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of SurgeryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of OncologyCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of CambridgeWorts CausewayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Applied Health ResearchUniversity College London1‐19 Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7HBUnited Kingdom
| | - Kay‐Tee Khaw
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeForvie SiteRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0SRUnited Kingdom
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - William J. Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute1455 Research Blvd, Suite 550RockvilleMD
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital UlmGermany
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital UlmGermany
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute45 Francis Street‐ASB II‐3BostonMA
- Washington UniversitySt LouisMO
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and PathologyInternational Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
| | - Lisa Cannon‐Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and ControlH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center12902 Magnolia DrTampaFL
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine CenterMedical University Sofia2 Zdrave StSofia1431Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre‐Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and Schools of Life Science and Public Health, Queensland University of TechnologyBNEAustralia
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of GeneticsPortuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto UniversityPortoPortugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Luisa Zuccolo
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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Taylor M, Simpkin AJ, Haycock PC, Dudbridge F, Zuccolo L. Exploration of a Polygenic Risk Score for Alcohol Consumption: A Longitudinal Analysis from the ALSPAC Cohort. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167360. [PMID: 27902751 PMCID: PMC5130278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty remains about the true extent by which alcohol consumption causes a number of health outcomes. Genetic variants, or combinations of variants built into a polygenic risk score (PGRS), can be used in an instrumental variable framework to assess causality between a phenotype and disease outcome of interest, a method known as Mendelian randomisation (MR). We aimed to identify genetic variants involved in the aetiology of alcohol consumption, and develop a PGRS for alcohol. METHODS Repeated measures of alcohol consumption from mothers and their offspring were collected as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We tested the association between 89 SNPs (identified from either published GWAS data or from functional literature) and repeated measures of alcohol consumption, separately in mothers (from ages 28-48) and offspring (from ages 15-21) who had ever reported drinking. We modelled log units of alcohol using a linear mixed model and calculated beta coefficients for each SNP separately. Cross-validation was used to determine an allelic score for alcohol consumption, and the AVENGEME algorithm employed to estimate variance of the trait explained. RESULTS Following correction for multiple testing, one SNP (rs1229984) showed evidence for association with alcohol consumption (β = -0.177, SE = 0.042, p = <0.0001) in the mothers. No SNPs showed evidence for association in the offspring after correcting for multiple testing. The optimal allelic score was generated using p-value cut offs of 0.5 and 0.05 for the mothers and offspring respectively. These scores explained 0.3% and 0.7% of the variance. CONCLUSION Our PGRS explains a modest amount of the variance in alcohol consumption and larger sample sizes would be required to use our PGRS in an MR framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence strongly indicate that genetic factors contribute to the risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD). There is substantial heterogeneity in AUD, which complicates studies seeking to identify specific genetic factors. To identify these genetic effects, several different alcohol-related phenotypes have been analyzed, including diagnosis and quantitative measures related to AUDs. Study designs have used candidate gene analyses, genetic linkage studies, genomewide association studies (GWAS), and analyses of rare variants. Two genes that encode enzymes of alcohol metabolism have the strongest effect on AUD: aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B each has strongly protective variants that reduce risk, with odds ratios approximately 0.2-0.4. A number of other genes important in AUD have been identified and replicated, including GABRA2 and alcohol dehydrogenases 1B and 4. GWAS have identified additional candidates. Rare variants are likely also to play a role; studies of these are just beginning. A multifaceted approach to gene identification, targeting both rare and common variations and assembling much larger datasets for meta-analyses, is critical for identifying the key genes and pathways important in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Megías-Vericat JE, Montesinos P, Herrero MJ, Bosó V, Martínez-Cuadrón D, Poveda JL, Sanz MÁ, Aliño SF. Pharmacogenomics and the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1245-1272. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous malignancy that is primarily treated with combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. Although this scheme remains effective in most of the patients, variability of outcomes in patients has been partly related with their genetic variability. Several pharmacogenetic studies have analyzed the impact of polymorphisms in genes encoding transporters, metabolizers or molecular targets of chemotherapy agents. A systematic review on all eligible studies was carried out in order to estimate the effect of polymorphisms of anthracyclines and cytarabine pathways on efficacy and toxicity of AML treatment. Other emerging genes recently studied in AML, such as DNA repair genes, genes potentially related to chemotherapy response or AML prognosis, have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Eduardo Megías-Vericat
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe and Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Herrero
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe and Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
- Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda, Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 – Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginia Bosó
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe and Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Cuadrón
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Poveda
- Servicio de Farmacia, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador F Aliño
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe and Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Avda, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
- Departamento Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda, Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 – Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 – Valencia, Spain
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Murray J, Burgess S, Zuccolo L, Hickman M, Gray R, Lewis SJ. Moderate alcohol drinking in pregnancy increases risk for children's persistent conduct problems: causal effects in a Mendelian randomisation study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:575-84. [PMID: 26588883 PMCID: PMC4855628 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use during pregnancy can cause considerable developmental problems for children, but effects of light-moderate drinking are uncertain. This study examined possible effects of moderate drinking in pregnancy on children's conduct problems using a Mendelian randomisation design to improve causal inference. METHODS A prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) followed children from their mother's pregnancy to age 13 years. Analyses were based on 3,544 children whose mothers self-reported either not drinking alcohol during pregnancy or drinking up to six units per week without binge drinking. Children's conduct problem trajectories were classified as low risk, childhood-limited, adolescence-onset or early-onset-persistent, using six repeated measures of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire between ages 4-13 years. Variants of alcohol-metabolising genes in children were used to create an instrumental variable for Mendelian randomisation analysis. RESULTS Children's genotype scores were associated with early-onset-persistent conduct problems (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.60, p = .020) if mothers drank moderately in pregnancy, but not if mothers abstained from drinking (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.72-1.25, p = .688). Children's genotype scores did not predict childhood-limited or adolescence-onset conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS This quasi-experimental study suggests that moderate alcohol drinking in pregnancy contributes to increased risk for children's early-onset-persistent conduct problems, but not childhood-limited or adolescence-onset conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK,MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Ron Gray
- National Perinatal Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Stockley CS. Wine consumption, cognitive function and dementias – A relationship? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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SHIRASU N, YASUNAGA S. Duplex PCR-RFLP for the Simultaneous Genotyping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 Genes. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1363-1366. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto SHIRASU
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
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Grotewiel M, Bettinger JC. Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans as Discovery Platforms for Genes Involved in Human Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1292-311. [PMID: 26173477 PMCID: PMC4656040 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the profound clinical significance and strong heritability of alcohol use disorder (AUD), we do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the naturally occurring genetic variance within the human genome that drives its development. This lack of understanding is likely to be due in part to the large phenotypic and genetic heterogeneities that underlie human AUD. As a complement to genetic studies in humans, many laboratories are using the invertebrate model organisms (iMOs) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm) to identify genetic mechanisms that influence the effects of alcohol (ethanol) on behavior. While these extremely powerful models have identified many genes that influence the behavioral responses to alcohol, in most cases it has remained unclear whether results from behavioral-genetic studies in iMOs are directly applicable to understanding the genetic basis of human AUD. METHODS In this review, we critically evaluate the utility of the fly and worm models for identifying genes that influence AUD in humans. RESULTS Based on results published through early 2015, studies in flies and worms have identified 91 and 50 genes, respectively, that influence 1 or more aspects of behavioral responses to alcohol. Collectively, these fly and worm genes correspond to 293 orthologous genes in humans. Intriguingly, 51 of these 293 human genes have been implicated in AUD by at least 1 study in human populations. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses strongly suggest that the Drosophila and C. elegans models have considerable utility for identifying orthologs of genes that influence human AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Liu X, Hakucho A, Liu J, Fujimiya T. Delayed ethanol elimination and enhanced susceptibility to ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis after liver resection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:18249-18259. [PMID: 25561792 PMCID: PMC4277962 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis after liver resection and the mechanisms behind it.
METHODS: First, the preliminary examination was performed on 6 sham-operated (Sham) and 30 partial hepatectomy (PH) male Wistar rats (8-wk-old) to evaluate the recovery of the liver weight and liver function after liver resection. PH rats were sacrificed at the indicated time points (4, 8, and 12 h; 1, 3, and 7 d) after PH. Second, the time point for the beginning of the chronic ethanol exposure (1 wk after sham- or PH-operation) was determined based on the results of the preliminary examination. Finally, pair-feeding was performed with a controlled diet or with a 5-g/dL ethanol liquid diet for 28 d in another 35 age-matched male Wistar rats with a one-week recovery after undergoing a sham- (n = 15) or PH-operation (n = 20) to evaluate the ethanol-induced liver injury after liver resection. Hepatic steatosis, liver function, fatty acid synthase (Fas) gene expression level, the expression of lipid metabolism-associated enzyme regulator genes [sterol regulatory element binding protein (Srebp)-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)-α], the mediators that alter lipid metabolism [plasminogen activator (Pai)-1 gene expression level and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α production], and hepatic class-1 alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1)-associated ethanol elimination were investigated in the 4 groups based on histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, Western blotting, reverse transcriptase chain reaction, and blood ethanol concentration analyses. The relevant gene expression levels, liver weight, and liver function were assessed before and 1 wk after surgery to determine the subject’s recovery from the liver resection using the rats that had been subjected to the preliminary examination.
RESULTS: In the PH rats, ethanol induced marked hepatic steatosis with impaired liver functioning, as evidenced by the accumulation of fatty droplets within the hepatocytes, the higher increases in their hepatic triglyceride and blood alanine aminotransferase and blood aspartate aminotransferase levels after the 28-d pair-feeding period. The Sham-ethanol rats, not the PH-ethanol rats, demonstrated the up-regulation of Srebp-1 and the down-regulation of Ppar-α mRNA expression levels after the 28-d pair-feeding period. The 28-d ethanol administration induced the up-regulation of Pai-1 gene expression level and an overproduction of TNF-α in the Sham and the PH rats; however, the effect was more significant in the PH rats. The PH-ethanol rats (n = 4) showed higher residual blood ethanol concentrations than did the Sham-ethanol rats (n = 6) after a 5-h fast (0.66 ± 0.4 mg/mL vs 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/mL, P < 0.05); these effects manifested without up-regulation of Adh1 gene expression, which was present in the Sham-ethanol group after the 28-d pair-feeding period. One week after the liver resection, the liver weight, function, the gene expression levels of Fas, Srebp-1, Ppar-α, Pai-1 and Tnf-α recovered; however, the Adh1 gene expression did not recover in rats.
CONCLUSION: Desensitization to post-hepatectomy ethanol treatment and slow recovery from PH in Adh1 gene expression enhanced the susceptibility to ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis after PH in rats.
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30
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Shirasu N, Kuroki M. Simultaneous genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in alcoholism-related genes using duplex and triplex allele-specific PCR with two-step thermal cycles. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:1093-6. [PMID: 25382047 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a time- and cost-effective multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) method based on the two-step PCR thermal cycles for genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms in three alcoholism-related genes: alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and μ-opioid receptor. Applying MightyAmp(®) DNA polymerase with optimized AS-primers and PCR conditions enabled us to achieve effective and selective amplification of the target alleles from alkaline lysates of a human hair root, and simultaneously to determine the genotypes within less than 1.5 h using minimal lab equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shirasu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
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Jairam S, Edenberg HJ. An enhancer-blocking element regulates the cell-specific expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 7. Gene 2014; 547:239-44. [PMID: 24971505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase gene ADH7 encodes an enzyme that is involved in ethanol and retinol metabolism. ADH7 is expressed mainly in the upper gastrointestinal tract and not in the liver, the major site of expression of the other closely related ADHs. We identified an intergenic sequence (iA1C), located between ADH7 and ADH1C, that has enhancer-blocking activity in liver-derived HepG2 cells that do not express their endogenous ADH7. This enhancer blocking function was cell- and position-dependent, with no activity seen in CP-A esophageal cells that express ADH7 endogenously. iA1C function was not specific to the ADH enhancers; it had a similar cell-specific effect on the SV40 enhancer. The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), an insulator binding protein, bound iA1C in HepG2 cells but not in CP-A cells. Our results suggest that in liver-derived cells, iA1C blocks the effects of ADH enhancers and thereby contributes to the cell specificity of ADH7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Jairam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5122, United States
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5122, United States; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5122, United States.
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Ritchie SJ, Bates TC, Corley J, McNeill G, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Alcohol consumption and lifetime change in cognitive ability: a gene × environment interaction study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9638. [PMID: 24652602 PMCID: PMC4082597 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive ability are often confounded. One approach to avoid confounding is the Mendelian randomization design. Here, we used such a design to test the hypothesis that a genetic score for alcohol processing capacity moderates the association between alcohol consumption and lifetime change in cognitive ability. Members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 completed the same test of intelligence at age 11 and 70 years. They were assessed for recent alcohol consumption in later life and genotyped for a set of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms in three alcohol dehydrogenase genes. These variants were unrelated to late-life cognition or to socioeconomic status. We found a significant gene × alcohol consumption interaction on lifetime cognitive change (p = 0.007). Individuals with higher genetic ability to process alcohol showed relative improvements in cognitive ability with more consumption, whereas those with low processing capacity showed a negative relationship between cognitive change and alcohol consumption with more consumption. The effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive change may thus depend on genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK,
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Morozova TV, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH. Genetics and genomics of alcohol sensitivity. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:253-69. [PMID: 24395673 PMCID: PMC4037586 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism incur a heavy socioeconomic cost in many countries. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation in the inebriating effects of alcohol and alcohol addiction among individuals within and across populations. From a genetics perspective, alcohol sensitivity is a quantitative trait determined by the cumulative effects of multiple segregating genes and their interactions with the environment. This review summarizes insights from model organisms as well as human populations that represent our current understanding of the genetic and genomic underpinnings that govern alcohol metabolism and the sedative and addictive effects of alcohol on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Morozova
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 USA
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 USA
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 USA
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Neuman MG, Cohen L, Zakhari S, Nanau RM, Mueller S, Schneider M, Parry C, Isip R, Seitz HK. Alcoholic liver disease: a synopsis of the Charles Lieber's Memorial Symposia 2009-2012. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:373-80. [PMID: 24816574 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is based upon the 'Charles Lieber Satellite Symposia' organized by Manuela G. Neuman at each of the 2009-2012 Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA) Annual Meetings. The presentations represent a broad spectrum dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In addition, a literature search (2008-2013) in the discussed area was performed in order to obtain updated data. The presentations are focused on genetic polymorphisms of ethanol metabolizing enzymes and the role of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in ALD. In addition, alcohol-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis, immune response to alcohol and fibrogenesis in alcoholic hepatitis as well as its co-morbidities with chronic viral hepatitis infections in the presence or absence of human deficiency virus are discussed. Finally, emphasis was led on alcohol and drug interactions as well as liver transplantation for end-stage ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samir Zakhari
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radu M Nanau
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Schneider
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Romina Isip
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg and Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kang G, Bae KY, Kim SW, Kim J, Shin HY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Kim JK. Effect of the Allelic Variant of Alcohol DehydrogenaseADH1B*2on Ethanol Metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1502-9. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Clinical Trial Center ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
| | - Hee-Young Shin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
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von Hinke Kessler Scholder S, Wehby GL, Lewis S, Zuccolo L. Alcohol Exposure In Utero and Child Academic Achievement. ECONOMIC JOURNAL (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 124:634-667. [PMID: 25431500 PMCID: PMC4243528 DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of alcohol exposure in utero on child academic achievement. As well as studying the effect of any alcohol exposure, we investigate the effect of the dose, pattern, and duration of exposure. We use a genetic variant in the maternal alcohol-metabolism gene ADH1B as an instrument for alcohol exposure, whilst controlling for the child's genotype on the same variant. We show that the instrument is unrelated to an extensive range of maternal and paternal characteristics and behaviours. OLS regressions suggest an ambiguous association between alcohol exposure in utero and children's academic attainment, but there is a strong social gradient in maternal drinking, with mothers in higher socio-economic groups more likely to drink. In stark contrast to the OLS, the IV estimates show negative effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child educational attainment. These results are very robust to an extensive set of model specifications. In addition, we show that that the effects are solely driven by the maternal genotype, with no impact of the child's genotype.
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Jairam S, Edenberg HJ. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms interact to affect ADH7 transcription. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:921-9. [PMID: 24512552 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH7, μ-ADH, σ-ADH) is important in the metabolism of ethanol and retinol. ADH7 is the only ADH not expressed in liver, instead being expressed mainly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Genome-wide studies have identified significant associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADH7 and alcoholism and cancer, but the causative variants have not been identified. METHODS In vitro studies of gene expression by transient transfection into cell lines that express endogenous ADH7 (CP-A cells) and that do not (HepG2 cells). RESULTS We have identified transcriptional regulatory elements of ADH7 and observed differences in the effects of variants on gene expression in CP-A cells and HepG2 cells. Two haplotypes of the proximal promoter that differ in a single nucleotide at rs2851028, A7P-G and A7P-A, have different transcriptional activities. There is an interaction between variants farther upstream and these proximal variants: Upstream regulatory sequences generally showed a greater increase or smaller reduction in activity when combined with the A7P-A promoter than with the A7P-G promoter. A sequence located 12.5-kb upstream (7P10) can function as an enhancer. In CP-A cells, both haplotypes of 7P10 increased A7P-A activity by 2.5-fold while having only 1.2-fold effect on A7P-G. In HepG2 cells, the 7P10-TTT haplotype had no effect on the A7P-A promoter but decreased A7P-G promoter activity by 50%, whereas the CTT haplotype increased A7P-A activity by 50%, but had no effect on A7P-G. CONCLUSIONS These complex interactions indicate that the effects of variants in the ADH7 regulatory elements depend on both sequence and cellular context and should be considered in interpretation of the association of variants with alcoholism and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Jairam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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38
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Shaheen SO, Rutterford C, Zuccolo L, Ring SM, Davey Smith G, Holloway JW, Henderson AJ. Prenatal alcohol exposure and childhood atopic disease: a Mendelian randomization approach. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:225-32.e1-5. [PMID: 23806636 PMCID: PMC3884122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption in western pregnant women is not uncommon and could be a risk factor for childhood atopic disease. However, reported alcohol intake may be unreliable, and associations are likely to be confounded. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the relation between prenatal alcohol exposure and atopic phenotypes in a large population-based birth cohort with the use of a Mendelian randomization approach to minimize bias and confounding. METHODS In white mothers and children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) we first analyzed associations between reported maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and atopic outcomes in the offspring measured at 7 years of age (asthma, wheezing, hay fever, eczema, atopy, and total IgE). We then analyzed the relation of maternal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)1B genotype (rs1229984) with these outcomes (the A allele is associated with faster metabolism and reduced alcohol consumption and, among drinkers, would be expected to reduce fetal exposure to ethanol). RESULTS After controlling for confounders, reported maternal drinking in late pregnancy was negatively associated with childhood asthma and hay fever (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per category increase in intake: 0.91 [95% CI, 0.82-1.01] and 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78-0.98], respectively). However, maternal ADH1B genotype was not associated with asthma comparing carriers of A allele with persons homozygous for G allele (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.66-1.47]) or hay fever (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.71-1.72]), nor with any other atopic outcome. CONCLUSION We have found no evidence to suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure increases the risk of asthma or atopy in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif O Shaheen
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare Rutterford
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Ring
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A John Henderson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Høiseth G, Magnus P, Knudsen GP, Jansen MD, Næss Ø, Tambs K, Mørland J. Is ADH1C genotype relevant for the cardioprotective effect of alcohol? Alcohol 2013; 47:81-4. [PMID: 23321361 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effect of ethanol has been suggested to be linked to one of the ethanol metabolizing enzymes (ADH1C), which constitutes a high V(max) and a low V(max) variant. This has been demonstrated in some studies, while others have not been able to replicate the findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between the different ADH1C genotypes, death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and alcohol in a material larger than the previously published studies. Eight hundred CHD deaths as well as 1303 controls were genotyped for the high V(max) (γ1) and the low V(max) (γ2) ADH1C variant. Information of alcohol use was available for all subjects. Multiple logistic regression analyses was used to study if the decreased risk of death from CHD in alcohol consuming subjects was more pronounced in subjects homozygous for the γ2 allele (γ2γ2 subjects) compared to γ1γ1 and γ1γ2 subjects. The odds ratio (OR) for death from CHD in alcohol consumers compared to abstainers was similar in the genotype groups, i.e., 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43-0.88) in γ1γ1 subjects and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.42-0.91) in γ2γ2 subjects. Also when stratifying the results by gender and when dividing alcohol consumers into different alcohol consumption groups, there was no difference in the OR between the different genotype groups. This study, which included the largest study group published so far, failed to find any link between the ADH1C genotype and the cardioprotective effects of alcohol.
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Garbusow M, Friedel E, Sebold M, Beck A, Heinz A, Smolka MN. Wege in die Abhängigkeit. SUCHT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFT UND PRAXIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911.a000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund: Riskanter Alkoholkonsum und Alkoholabhängigkeit treten in Industrieländern häufig auf und manifestieren sich oft bereits im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Wir prüfen in dieser Studie den Einfluss dysfunktionaler Lernmechanismen und deren Modulation durch verschiedene Stressoren, wie z. B. die Menge des Alkoholkonsums, auf die Entstehung, den Verlauf und ggf. die Aufrechterhaltung der Abhängigkeitserkrankung. Zielsetzung: Bisher bekannte ätiologische Faktoren, die im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung einer Alkoholabhängigkeit stehen, betreffen sowohl genetische (z. B. die genetisch bedingte geringe Sensitivität gegenüber der akuten Alkoholwirkung oder eine positive Familiengeschichte bezüglich Alkoholabhängigkeit) als auch umweltbedingten Faktoren (z. B. Stress, Trauma, dysfunktionale familiäre Strukturen und der Einfluss der Peers). Belohnungsabhängige Lernmechanismen könnten mit dem veränderten Alkoholkonsum in Adoleszenz und jungem Erwachsenenalter assoziiert sein und somit ebenfalls zu den prädisponierenden Faktoren für die Entwicklung einer Alkoholabhängigkeit zählen. Unser Wissen über diese Mechanismen ist bisher jedoch begrenzt. Im Rahmen der Studie „Learning in Alcohol Dependence“ (LeAD) sollen Lernmechanismen und ihre Bedeutung für die Entstehung exzessiven Alkoholkonsums untersucht werden. Zudem wird im Längsschnitt erfasst, wie sich der Alkoholkonsum selbst wieder auf diese Lernmechanismen auswirkt. Methodik: Eine Kohorte 18-jähriger Männer mit hohem versus niedrigem Risiko an einer Alkoholabhängigkeit zu erkranken, wird im Längsschnitt untersucht, wobei unter anderem bereits bekannte Risikofaktoren erfasst werden. Lernmechanismen werden mithilfe verschiedener Paradigmen (dem Pavlow’schen und instrumentellen Lernen, Habituierung und Devaluation sowie Risikoverhalten) behavioral und mittels funktioneller Bildgebung untersucht. Schlussfolgerungen: Bisher existieren keine Untersuchungen beim Menschen, in denen spezifische Veränderungen des Lernverhaltens mit prädisponierenden Faktoren für die Entwicklung einer Alkoholabhängigkeit in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Durch die LeAD-Studie sollen diese Faktoren weiter aufgeklärt werden, wodurch eine zielgerichtete Prävention besser möglich werden könnte. Dadurch ließen sich speziell in dieser Altersgruppe Prävalenz und Schwere der Alkoholabhängigkeit beeinflussen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garbusow
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | - Eva Friedel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | - Anne Beck
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Forschungsbereich Systemische Neurowissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden
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Wehby GL, von Hinke Kessler Scholder S. Genetic instrumental variable studies of effects of prenatal risk factors. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2013; 59:4-36. [PMID: 23701534 PMCID: PMC3690512 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2013.774615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on infant and child health is an area of tremendous research interest. However, policymakers are primarily interested in unraveling the causal effects of prenatal risk factors, not their associations with child health, which may be confounded by several unobserved factors. In this article, we evaluate the utility of genetic variants in three genes that have unequivocal evidence of being related to three major risk factors-CHRNA3 for smoking, ADH1B for alcohol use, and FTO for obesity-as instrumental variables for identifying the causal effects of such factors during pregnancy. Using two independent datasets, we find that these variants are overall predictive of the risk factors and are not systematically related to observed confounders, suggesting that they may be useful instruments. We also find some suggestive evidence that genetic effects are stronger during than before pregnancy. We provide an empirical example illustrating the use of these genetic variants as instruments to evaluate the effects of risk factors on birth weight. Finally, we offer suggestions for researchers contemplating the use of these variants as instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Wehby
- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, E205 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone: 1-319-384-5133, Fax: 1-319-384-5125,
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Muñoz X, Amiano P, Celorrio D, Dorronsoro M, Sánchez MJ, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Arriola L, Navarro C, Molina-Montes E, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Rodriguez L, Duell EJ, Hijona E, Herreros-Villanueva M, Sala N, Bujanda L. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms and life-style factors with excessive alcohol intake within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain). Addiction 2012; 107:2117-27. [PMID: 22690706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse associations between alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms and alcohol intake in Spanish men and women. DESIGN AND SETTINGS We analysed the relationship between 21 genetic variants in ADH genes and excessive alcohol intake in both men and women. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using a customized array and a sex-stratified analysis was performed. MEASUREMENTS Ethanol intake was calculated using a validated dietary history questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS Heavy consumers of alcohol (≥70 g/day in men, ≥42 g/day in women) (653 cases) and very low or non-consumers (<2 g/day) (880 controls) from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC). FINDINGS We found statistically significant associations between alcohol intake and known life-style factors; namely, smoking and food energy intake (meat and fruit/seeds) in both men and women, as well as with physical activity in women and educational level in men. Additionally, we found that a non-synonymous coding SNP in ADH1B (rs1229984) is associated inversely with excessive alcohol intake in men [odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11-0.33; P = 4.77E(-10) ) and women (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.83; P = 0.0067). Furthermore, ADH6 rs3857224 was found associated with heavy alcohol intake in women (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14; P = 1.01E(-3) ), but not in men. CONCLUSIONS In the Spanish population, the single nucleotide polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1B, rs1229984, is associated inversely with alcohol intake in both men and women. Another polymorphism of ADH6, rs3857224, is associated with heavy alcohol intake in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Muñoz
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Lewis SJ, Zuccolo L, Davey Smith G, Macleod J, Rodriguez S, Draper ES, Barrow M, Alati R, Sayal K, Ring S, Golding J, Gray R. Fetal alcohol exposure and IQ at age 8: evidence from a population-based birth-cohort study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49407. [PMID: 23166662 PMCID: PMC3498109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have generated conflicting evidence on the effects of moderate maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy on offspring cognition mainly reflecting problems of confounding. Among mothers who drink during pregnancy fetal alcohol exposure is influenced not only by mother’s intake but also by genetic variants carried by both the mother and the fetus. Associations between children’s cognitive function and both maternal and child genotype at these loci can shed light on the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on offspring cognitive development. Methods We used a large population based study of women recruited during pregnancy to determine whether genetic variants in alcohol metabolising genes in this cohort of women and their children were related to the child’s cognitive score (measured by the Weschler Intelligence Scale) at age 8. Findings We found that four genetic variants in alcohol metabolising genes in 4167 children were strongly related to lower IQ at age 8, as was a risk allele score based on these 4 variants. This effect was only seen amongst the offspring of mothers who were moderate drinkers (1–6 units alcohol per week during pregnancy (per allele effect estimates were −1.80 (95% CI = −2.63 to −0.97) p = 0.00002, with no effect among children whose mothers abstained during pregnancy (0.16 (95%CI = −1.05 to 1.36) p = 0.80), p-value for interaction = 0.009). A further genetic variant associated with alcohol metabolism in mothers was associated with their child’s IQ, but again only among mothers who drank during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
A large segment of the population suffers from addiction to alcohol, smoking, or illicit drugs. Not only do substance abuse and addiction pose a threat to health, but the consequences of addiction also impose a social and economic burden on families, communities, and nations. Genome-wide linkage and association studies have been used for addiction research with varying degrees of success. The most well-established genetic factors associated with alcohol dependence are in the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which oxidizes alcohol to acetaldehyde, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), which oxidizes acetaldehyde to acetate. Recently emerging genetic studies have linked variants in the genes encoding the α3, α5, and β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits to smoking risk. However, the influence of these well-established genetic variants accounts for only a small portion of the heritability of alcohol and nicotine addiction, and it is likely that there are both common and rare risk variants yet to be identified. Newly developed DNA sequencing technologies could potentially advance the detection of rare variants with a larger impact on addiction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chyong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Iacobucci I, Lonetti A, Candoni A, Sazzini M, Papayannidis C, Formica S, Ottaviani E, Ferrari A, Michelutti A, Simeone E, Astolfi A, Abbenante MC, Parisi S, Cattina F, Malagola M, Russo D, Damiani D, Gherlinzoni F, Gottardi M, Baccarani M, Fanin R, Martinelli G. Profiling of drug-metabolizing enzymes/transporters in CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with Gemtuzumab-Ozogamicin and Fludarabine, Cytarabine and Idarubicin. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:335-41. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lind PA, Macgregor S, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Whitfield JB. Association between in vivo alcohol metabolism and genetic variation in pathways that metabolize the carbon skeleton of ethanol and NADH reoxidation in the alcohol challenge twin study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:2074-85. [PMID: 22577853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in alcohol metabolism affects the duration of intoxication and alcohol use. While the majority of genetic association studies investigating variation in alcohol metabolism have focused on polymorphisms in alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases, we have now tested for association with genes in alternative metabolic pathways that catalyze the carbon skeleton of ethanol (EtOH) and NADH reoxidation. METHODS Nine hundred fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 14 genes (ACN9, ACSS1, ACSS2, ALDH1A1, CAT, CYP2E1, GOT1, GOT2, MDH1, MDH2, SLC25A10, SLC25A11, SLC25A12, SLC25A13) were genotyped in 352 young adults who participated in an alcohol challenge study. Traits tested were blood alcohol concentration (BAC), breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), peak alcohol concentration, and rates of alcohol absorption and elimination. Allelic association was tested using quantitative univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS A CYP2E1 promoter SNP (rs4838767, minor allele frequency 0.008) exceeded the threshold for study-wide significance (4.01 × 10(-5) ) for 2 early BAC, 8 BrAC measures, and the peak BrAC. For each phenotype, the minor C allele was related to a lower alcohol concentration, most strongly for the fourth BrAC (p = 2.07 × 10(-7) ) explaining ~8% of the phenotypic variance. We also observed suggestive patterns of association with variants in ALDH1A1 and on chromosome 17 near SLC25A11 for aspects of blood and breath alcohol metabolism. An SNP upstream of GOT1 (rs2490286) reached study-wide significance for multivariate BAC metabolism (p = 0.000040). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we did not find strong evidence that variation in genes coding for proteins that further metabolize the carbon backbone of acetaldehyde, or contribute to mechanisms for regenerating NAD from NADH, affects alcohol metabolism in our European-descent subjects. However, based on the breath alcohol data, variation in the promoter of CYP2E1 may play a role in preabsorptive or early hepatic alcohol metabolism, but more samples are required to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Lind
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Determination of the effects of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) 1B and ADH1C polymorphisms on alcohol dependence in Turkey. Sci Justice 2012; 52:58-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Morozova TV, Goldman D, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH. The genetic basis of alcoholism: multiple phenotypes, many genes, complex networks. Genome Biol 2012; 13:239. [PMID: 22348705 PMCID: PMC3334563 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-2-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a significant public health problem. A picture of the genetic architecture underlying alcohol-related phenotypes is emerging from genome-wide association studies and work on genetically tractable model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Morozova
- Department of Biology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Trudy FC Mackay
- WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert RH Anholt
- Department of Biology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- WM Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Turchi C, Piva F, Solito G, Principato G, Buscemi L, Tagliabracci A. ADH4 intronic variations are associated with alcohol dependence. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:79-94. [PMID: 22044940 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834d05c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Frank J, Cichon S, Treutlein J, Ridinger M, Mattheisen M, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Wodarz N, Soyka M, Zill P, Maier W, Mössner R, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Schmäl C, Steffens M, Lucae S, Ising M, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Mann K, Kiefer F, Rietschel M. Genome-wide significant association between alcohol dependence and a variant in the ADH gene cluster. Addict Biol 2012; 17:171-80. [PMID: 22004471 PMCID: PMC3245349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is an important contributory factor to the global burden of disease. The etiology of AD involves both environmental and genetic factors, and the disorder has a heritability of around 50%. The aim of the present study was to identify susceptibility genes for AD by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The sample comprised 1333 male in-patients with severe AD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and 2168 controls. These included 487 patients and 1358 controls from a previous GWAS study by our group. All individuals were of German descent. Single-marker tests and a polygenic score-based analysis to assess the combined contribution of multiple markers with small effects were performed. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1789891, which is located between the ADH1B and ADH1C genes, achieved genome-wide significance [P = 1.27E-8, odds ratio (OR) = 1.46]. Other markers from this region were also associated with AD, and conditional analyses indicated that these made a partially independent contribution. The SNP rs1789891 is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the functional Arg272Gln variant (P = 1.24E-7, OR = 1.31) of the ADH1C gene, which has been reported to modify the rate of ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde in vitro. A polygenic score-based approach produced a significant result (P = 9.66E-9). This is the first GWAS of AD to provide genome-wide significant support for the role of the ADH gene cluster and to suggest a polygenic component to the etiology of AD. The latter result may indicate that many more AD susceptibility genes still await identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Frank
- Dept. of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health
| | - Sven Cichon
- Dept. of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Univ. of Bonn
- Inst. of Human Genetics, Univ. of Bonn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Dept. of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Regensburg, Univ. of Regensburg
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Dept. of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Univ. of Bonn
- Inst. for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, Univ. of Bonn
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Dept. of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Univ. of Bonn
- Inst. of Human Genetics, Univ. of Bonn
| | - Stefan Herms
- Dept. of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Univ. of Bonn
- Inst. of Human Genetics, Univ. of Bonn
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Regensburg, Univ. of Regensburg
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Univ. of Munich
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Addiction Research Group at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - Christine Schmäl
- Dept. of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health
| | - Michael Steffens
- Inst. for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, Univ. of Bonn
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Dept. of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich
| | - Marcus Ising
- Dept. of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Dept. of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Univ. of Bonn
- Inst. of Human Genetics, Univ. of Bonn
| | - Karl Mann
- Dept. of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Dept. of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Dept. of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health
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