1
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Khandani B, Movahedin M. Learning Towards Maturation of Defined Feeder-free Pluripotency Culture Systems: Lessons from Conventional Feeder-based Systems. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:484-494. [PMID: 38079087 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of stem cells for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. This is due to their unique ability to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers and their capacity for indefinite self-renewal. Initially, PSCs were cultured using animal feeder cells, but these systems presented several limitations, particularly in terms of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. As a result, feeder-free systems were introduced as a safer alternative. However, the precise mechanisms by which feeder cells support pluripotency are not fully understood. More importantly, it has been observed that some aspects of the need for feeder cells like the optimal density and cell type can vary depending on conditions such as the developmental stage of the PSCs, phases of the culture protocol, the method used in culture for induction of pluripotency, and intrinsic variability of PSCs. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the divergent roles and necessity of feeder cells in various conditions would lead to the development of condition-specific defined feeder-free systems that resolve the failure of current feeder-free systems in some conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore considerable feeder-related issues that can lead to the development of condition-specific feeder-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Khandani
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 14115111, Iran.
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2
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Hajian M, Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani S, Jafarpour F, Tanhaei Vash N, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Pluripotency and embryonic lineage genes expression in the presence of small molecule inhibitors of FGF, TGFβ and GSK3 during pre-implantation development of goat embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 50:119334. [PMID: 37678700 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2023.119334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Generating stable livestock pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be used for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation, regenerative medicine and in vitro breeding schemes. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in characterizing pluripotency markers for livestock species. In this study, we investigated embryo development and gene expression of the core pluripotency triad (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2) and cell lineage commitment markers (REX1, CDX2, GATA4) in the presence of three small molecules and their combination [PD0325901 (FGF inhibitor), SB431542 (TGFβ inhibitor), and CHIR99021 (GSK3B inhibitor)] from day 2-7 post-insemination in goat. Significant reduction in rate of blastocyst formation was observed when SB was used along with PD or CHIR and their three combinations had more sever effect. SB and CHIR decreased the expression of SOX2 while increasing the GATA4 expression. PD decrease the relative expression of NANOG, OCT4 and GATA4, while increased the expression of REX1. Among the combination of two molecules, only SB + CHIR combination significantly decreased the expression of GATA4, while the combination of the three molecules significantly decreases the expression of NANOG, SOX2 and CDX2. According to these results, the inhibition of the FGF signaling pathway, by PD may lead to blocking the hypoblast formation as observed by reduction of GATA4. OCT4 and NANOG expressions did not show signs of maintenance pluripotency. GATA4, NANOG and OCT4 in the PD group were downregulated and REX1 as EPI-marker was upregulated thus REX1 may be considered as a marker of EPI/ICM in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shiva Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Tanhaei Vash
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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3
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Alonso-Alonso S, Esteve-Codina A, Martin-Mur B, Álvarez-González L, Ruiz-Herrera A, Santaló J, Ibáñez E. Blastomeres of 8-cell mouse embryos differ in their ability to generate embryonic stem cells and produce lines with different transcriptional signatures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1274660. [PMID: 37876553 PMCID: PMC10591181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1274660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivation from single blastomeres of 8-cell mouse embryos results in lower derivation rates than that from whole blastocysts, raising a biological question about the developmental potential of sister blastomeres. We aimed to assess the ability of 8-cell blastomeres to produce epiblast cells and ESC lines after isolation, and the properties of the resulting lines. Our results revealed unequal competence among sister blastomeres to produce ESC lines. At least half of the blastomeres possess a lower potential to generate ESCs, although culture conditions and blastomeres plasticity can redirect their non-pluripotent fate towards the epiblast lineage, allowing us to generate up to seven lines from the same embryo. Lines originated from the same embryo segregated into two groups according to their transcriptional signatures. While the expression of genes related to pluripotency and development was higher in one group, no differences were found in their trilineage differentiation ability. These results may help to improve our understanding of the ESC derivation process from single blastomeres and cell fate determination in the preimplantation mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Alonso-Alonso
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martin-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Álvarez-González
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Santaló
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Genome Integrity and Reproductive Biology Group, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Alonso-Alonso S, Santaló J, Ibáñez E. Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:576-587. [PMID: 35157826 DOI: 10.1071/rd21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) from single blastomeres is an interesting alternative to the use of whole blastocysts, but derivation rates are lower and the requirements for successful ESC obtention are still poorly defined. AIMS To investigate the effects of embryo cryopreservation and of signalling modulators present during embryo culture and/or ESC establishment on ESC derivation efficiency from single 8-cell mouse blastomeres. METHOD Fresh and cryopreserved 2-cell embryos were cultured and biopsied at the 8-cell stage. Single blastomeres were cultured in the presence of 2i or R2i cocktails, with or without adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We analysed ESC derivation efficiencies and characterised pluripotency genes expression and karyotype integrity of the resulting lines. We also evaluated the impact of embryo preculture with R2i on epiblast cell numbers and derivation rates. KEY RESULTS The ESC generation was not compromised by embryo cryopreservation and ACTH was dispensable under most of the conditions tested. While 2i and R2i were similarly effective for ESC derivation, R2i provided higher karyotype integrity. Embryo preculture with R2i yielded increased numbers of epiblast cells but did not lead to increased ESC generation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help to define a simplified and efficient procedure for the establishment of mouse ESC from single 8-cell blastomeres. IMPLICATIONS This study will contribute to improving the potential of this experimental procedure, providing a tool to investigate the developmental potential of blastomeres isolated from different embryonic stages and to reduce the number of embryos needed for ESC derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Alonso-Alonso
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Santaló
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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5
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White MD, Plachta N. Specification of the First Mammalian Cell Lineages In Vivo and In Vitro. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035634. [PMID: 31615786 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how the first mammalian cell lineages arise has been shaped largely by studies of the preimplantation mouse embryo. Painstaking work over many decades has begun to reveal how a single totipotent cell is transformed into a multilayered structure representing the foundations of the body plan. Here, we review how the first lineage decision is initiated by epigenetic regulation but consolidated by the integration of morphological features and transcription factor activity. The establishment of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell lines has enabled deeper analysis of molecular and epigenetic regulation of cell fate decisions. The capability to assemble these stem cells into artificial embryos is an exciting new avenue of research that offers a long-awaited window into cell fate specification in the human embryo. Together, these approaches are poised to profoundly increase our understanding of how the first lineage decisions are made during mammalian embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D White
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
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6
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Taei A, Rasooli P, Braun T, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Signal regulators of human naïve pluripotency. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111924. [PMID: 32112799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent cells transiently develop during peri-implantation embryogenesis and have the capacity to convert into three embryonic lineages. Two typical states of pluripotency, naïve and primed, can be experimentally induced in vitro. The in vitro naïve state can be stabilized in response to environmental inductive cues via a unique transcriptional regulatory program. However, interference with various signaling pathways creates a spectrum of alternative pluripotent cells that display different functions and molecular expression patterns. Similarly, human naïve pluripotent cells can be placed into two main levels - intermediate and bona fide. Here, we discuss several culture conditions that have been used to establish naïve-associated gene regulatory networks in human pluripotent cells. We also describe different transcriptional patterns in various culture systems that are associated with these two levels of human naïve pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Taei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Rasooli
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Farzaneh M, Derakhshan Z, Hallajzadeh J, Sarani NH, Nejabatdoust A, Khoshnam SE. Suppression of TGF-β and ERK Signaling Pathways as a New Strategy to Provide Rodent and Non-Rodent Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:466-473. [PMID: 30868962 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190314110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized cells and excellent model in developmental biology and a promising approach to the treatment of disease and injury. In the last 30 years, pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells were established from murine and primate sources, and display indefinite replicative potential and the ability to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. Despite large efforts in many aspects of rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cell culture, a number of diverse challenges remain. Natural and synthetic small molecules (SMs) strategy has the potential to overcome these hurdles. Small molecules are typically fast and reversible that target specific signaling pathways, epigenetic processes and other cellular processes. Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β/Smad) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)/ERK signaling pathways by SB431542 and PD0325901 small molecules, respectively, known as R2i, enhances the efficiency of mouse, rat, and chicken pluripotent stem cells passaging from different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the application of SM inhibitors of TGF-β and ERK1/2 with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) allows the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells in a chemically defined condition. In this review, we discuss recently emerging evidence that dual inhibition of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways plays an important role in regulating pluripotency in both rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Maraghe University of Medical Science, Maraghe, Iran
| | | | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Azizi H, Asgari B, Skutella T. Pluripotency Potential of Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Cells Derived from Mouse Testis. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:281-289. [PMID: 31210434 PMCID: PMC6582425 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective During the cultivation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and their conversion into embryonic stem-like
(ES-like) cells, transitional ES-like colonies and epiblast-like cells were observable. In the present experimental study,
we aimed to analyze the efficiency of the multipotency or pluripotency potential of ES-like cells, transitional colonies
and epiblast-like cells.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SSCs were isolated from transgenic octamer-binding transcription
factor 4 (Oct4)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter mice. During cell culture ES-like, transitional and epiblast-
like colonies developed spontaneously. The mRNA and protein expression of pluripotency markers were analyzed by
Fluidigm real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Efficiency to produce
chimera mice was evaluated after injection of ES and ES-like cells into blastocysts.
Results Microscopic analyses demonstrated that the expression of Oct4-GFP in ES-like cells was very strong, in
epiblast-like cells was not detectable, and was only partial in transitional colonies. Fluidigm RT-PCR showed a higher
expression of the germ cell markers Stra-8 and Gpr-125 in ES-like cells and the pluripotency genes Dppa5, Lin28, Klf4,
Gdf3 and Tdgf1 in ES-like colonies and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) compared to the epiblast-like and transitional
colonies. No significant expression of Oct-4, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc was observed in the different groups. We showed
a high expression level of Nanog and Klf4 in ES-like, while only a partial expression was observed in transitional
colonies. We generated chimeric mice after blastocystic injection from ES and ES-like cells, but not from transitional
colonies. We observed that the efficiency to produce chimeric mice in ES cells was more efficient (59%) in comparison
to ES-like cells (22%).
Conclusion This new data provides more information on the pluripotency or multipotency potentials of testis-derived
ES-like cells in comparison to transitional colonies and epiblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Behruz Asgari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Hassani SN, Moradi S, Taleahmad S, Braun T, Baharvand H. Transition of inner cell mass to embryonic stem cells: mechanisms, facts, and hypotheses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:873-892. [PMID: 30420999 PMCID: PMC11105545 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are immortal stem cells that own multi-lineage differentiation potential. ESCs are commonly derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos. Due to their tremendous developmental capacity and unlimited self-renewal, ESCs have diverse biomedical applications. Different culture media have been developed to procure and maintain ESCs in a state of naïve pluripotency, and to preserve a stable genome and epigenome during serial passaging. Chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications along with microRNA activity and different signaling pathways dynamically contribute to the regulation of the ESC gene regulatory network (GRN). Such modifications undergo remarkable changes in different ESC media and determine the quality and developmental potential of ESCs. In this review, we discuss the current approaches for derivation and maintenance of ESCs, and examine how differences in culture media impact on the characteristics of pluripotency via modulation of GRN during the course of ICM outgrowth into ESCs. We also summarize the current hypotheses concerning the origin of ESCs and provide a perspective about the relationship of these cells to their in vivo counterparts (early embryonic cells around the time of implantation). Finally, we discuss generation of ESCs from human embryos and domesticated animals, and offer suggestions to further advance this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Vila-Cejudo M, Massafret O, Santaló J, Ibáñez E. Single blastomeres as a source of mouse embryonic stem cells: effect of genetic background, medium supplements, and signaling modulators on derivation efficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:99-111. [PMID: 30430313 PMCID: PMC6338609 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role of the genetic background, the culture medium supplements, and the presence of modulators of signaling pathways on mouse embryonic stem cell derivation from single blastomeres from 8-cell embryos. METHODS Mice from permissive and non-permissive genetic backgrounds, different culture media supplements, knockout serum replacement (KSR) and N2B27, and the presence or absence of 2i treatment were used to derive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) from single blastomeres isolated from 8-cell embryos and from control embryos at the blastocyst stage. After the sixth passage, the putative mESC were analyzed by immunofluorescence to assess their pluripotency and, after in vitro differentiation induction, their ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three primary germ layers. Selected mESC lines derived from single blastomeres in the most efficient culture conditions were further characterized to validate their stemness. RESULTS In control embryos, high mESC derivation efficiencies (70-96.9%) were obtained from permissive backgrounds or when embryos were cultured in medium complemented with 2i regardless of their genetic background. By contrast, only blastomeres isolated from embryos from permissive background cultured in KSR-containing medium complemented with 2i were moderately successful in the derivation of mESC lines (22.9-24.5%). Moreover, we report for the first time that B6CBAF2 embryos behave as permissive in terms of mESC derivation. CONCLUSIONS Single blastomeres have higher requirements than whole blastocysts for pluripotency maintenance and mESC derivation. The need for 2i suggests that modulation of signaling pathways to recreate a commitment towards inner cell mass could be essential to efficiently derive mESC from single blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vila-Cejudo
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ot Massafret
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Santaló
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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11
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Yekani F, Fazel-Tabar M, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Renaud P, Kavand H, Esfandiari F, Azarnia M, Montazeri L, Baharvand H. Enhancing developmental rate and quality of mouse single blastomeres into blastocysts using a microplatform. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9070-9076. [PMID: 29943850 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the beneficial effects of using a microplatform on the development of mouse single blastomeres (SBs) to the blastocyst stage. Development of blastocysts from SBs separated from two- and four-cell stage embryos (two- and four-cell SBs) can provide a valuable supply both for couples who use fertility-assisted techniques and farm animals. As a step forward, we introduce three chips that provide the possibility of culturing SBs separately, in groups, and in the vicinity of the intact embryo (co-culture), while each well of the chips is assigned to an isolated SB. Two- and four-cell SBs co-cultured with intact embryos showed 97.1% and 76.6% developmental rates and up to 34.1% and 49.1% growth relative to the microdroplet method (control). We examined the quality of developed blastocysts by assessing the total cell number, the number of inner cell mass (ICM) according to the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 marker (OCT4), and trophectoderm (TE). Co-culture of SBs with an intact embryo in a chip with nanoscale culture medium volume also increased the cell population of the developed embryo. The ICM:TE ratio, which is the most important blastocyst quality parameter, also indicated that developed two-cell SBs have a higher degree of similarity to intact embryos despite fewer numbers of total cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Yekani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fazel-Tabar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kowsari-Esfahan
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanieh Kavand
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Azarnia
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Yekani F, Azarnia M, Esfandiari F, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Enhanced development of mouse single blastomeres into blastocysts via the simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and ERK pathways in microdroplet culture. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7621-7630. [PMID: 29923640 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of an in vitro culture that supports blastocyst (BL) development from single blastomeres (SBs) is essential to generate additional embryos for farm animals and humans and unravel the mechanisms that underlie totipotency. In this study, we have examined BL development from SBs that were derived from 2-cell and 4-cell mouse embryos in different media. Moreover, BLs were assessed for inner cell mass (ICM) by staining with Oct4. We found that BL development was improved in a lower volume of medium (1 µL) compared with a higher volume (5 µL). Furthermore, the supplementation of medium with the inhibitors of ERK1/2 and TGFβ (R2i) signaling pathways in 1 µL droplets of T6 medium improved BL development. The co-culture of SBs with intact embryos in the presence of R2i showed more BL development and ICM to trophectoderm cell number ratio in comparison with SB culture and SB group culture. We also observed reduced total cell number, ICM, and trophectoderm cell numbers in all of the SB culture conditions versus intact embryo development. These findings might facilitate the successful generation of additional embryos for biomedical applications and elucidate the mechanisms that underlie totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Yekani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Azarnia
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Samadian A, Hesaraki M, Mollamohammadi S, Asgari B, Totonchi M, Baharvand H. Temporal Gene Expression and DNA Methylation during Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:361-368. [PMID: 29845790 PMCID: PMC6004995 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Dual inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (also known as MEK) and transforming growth
factor β (TGFβ) type I receptors by PD0325901 and SB431542, known as R2i has been introduced as a highly efficient
approach to the generation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). In the present study, we investigated the molecular
mechanisms underlying ESC derivation in the R2i condition.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, zona-free whole E3.5 blastocysts were seeded on mouse
embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells in both R2i and serum conventional media. The isolated inner cell mass (ICM),
ESCs and the ICM-outgrowths were collected on days 3, 5 and 7 post-blastocyst culture for quantitative real time-
polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis as well as to assess the DNA methylation status at the time points
during the transition from ICM to ESC.
Results qRT-PCR revealed a significantly higher expression of the pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2,
Rex1, Dppa3, Tcf3, Utf1, Nodal, Dax1, Sall4 and β-Catenin) and lower expression of early differentiation genes (Gata6,
Lefty2 and Cdx2) in R2i condition compared to the serum condition. Moreover, the upstream region of Oct4 and Nanog
showed a progressive increase in methylation levels in the upstream regions of the genes following in R2i or serum
conditions, followed by a decrease of DNA methylation in ESCs obtained under R2i. However, the methylation level
of ICM outgrowths in the serum condition was much higher than R2i, at levels that could have a repressive effect and
therefore explain the absence of expression of these two genes in the serum condition.
Conclusion Our investigation revealed that generation of ESCs in the ground-state of pluripotency could be achieved
by inhibiting the MEK and TGF-β signaling pathways in the first 5 days of ESC derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Samadian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mollamohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Asgari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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14
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Farzaneh M, Zare M, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Effects of various culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell derivation from chick embryos. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6325-6336. [PMID: 29393549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines derived from embryonated avian eggs are a convenient platform for production of various recombinant proteins and vaccines. In chicks, both embryonic stem cells (ESC) and embryonic germ cells (EGC) are considered to be pluripotent cells obtained from early blastodermal cells (stage X) and gonadal tissues (stage HH28), respectively. However, the establishment and long-term maintenance of avian PSC lines faces several challenges and differs in efficiency between chick strains. This study aims to determine the effects of PSC culture media, including serum-based and serum-free media as well as various feeder layers, growth factors, and small molecules on derivation and maintenance of avian embryonic derived-PSCs. Our results have shown that among the different culture conditions, N2B27 serum-free medium supplemented with PD0325901 and SB431542, MEK and TGFβ chemical inhibitors, named as R2i and cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) improved PSC derivation from stages X- and HH28 embryos. The application of N2B27/R2i + LIF medium validates the effect of defined pluripotency supporting medium on efficient derivation of chick PSCs and facilitates the use of these cells in biotechnology and biobanking of valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Zare
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Moradi S, Braun T, Baharvand H. miR-302b-3p Promotes Self-Renewal Properties in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-Withdrawn Embryonic Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 20:61-72. [PMID: 29308620 PMCID: PMC5761148 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are regulated by a gene regulatory circuitry composed of transcription factors, signaling pathways, metabolic mediators, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ncRNAs which play crucial roles in ESCs. Here, we explored the impact of miR-302b-3p on ESC self-renewal in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, ESCs were cultured in the presence of 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and induced to differentiate by LIF removal. miR-302b-3p overexpression was performed by transient transfection of mature miRNA mimics. Cell cycle profiling was done using propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry. miRNA expression was quantified using a miR-302b-3p-specific TaqMan assay. Data were analyzed using t test, and a P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We observed that miR-302b-3p promoted the viability of both wild-type and LIF-withdrawn ESCs. It also increased ESC clonogenicity and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. The defective cell cycling of LIF-deprived ESCs was completely rescued by miR-302b-3p delivery. Moreover, miR-302b-3p inhibited the increased cell death rate induced by LIF removal. CONCLUSIONS miR-302b-3p, as a pluripotency-associated miRNA, promotes diverse features of ESC self-renewal in the absence of extrinsic LIF signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Alsanie WF, Niclis JC, Hunt CP, De Luzy IR, Penna V, Bye CR, Pouton CW, Haynes J, Firas J, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Specification of murine ground state pluripotent stem cells to regional neuronal populations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16001. [PMID: 29167563 PMCID: PMC5700195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a valuable tool for interrogating development, disease modelling, drug discovery and transplantation. Despite the burgeoned capability to fate restrict human PSCs to specific neural lineages, comparative protocols for mouse PSCs have not similarly advanced. Mouse protocols fail to recapitulate neural development, consequently yielding highly heterogeneous populations, yet mouse PSCs remain a valuable scientific tool as differentiation is rapid, cost effective and an extensive repertoire of transgenic lines provides an invaluable resource for understanding biology. Here we developed protocols for neural fate restriction of mouse PSCs, using knowledge of embryonic development and recent progress with human equivalents. These methodologies rely upon naïve ground-state PSCs temporarily transitioning through LIF-responsive stage prior to neural induction and rapid exposure to regional morphogens. Neural subtypes generated included those of the dorsal forebrain, ventral forebrain, ventral midbrain and hindbrain. This rapid specification, without feeder layers or embryoid-body formation, resulted in high proportions of correctly specified progenitors and neurons with robust reproducibility. These generated neural progenitors/neurons will provide a valuable resource to further understand development, as well disorders affecting specific neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa F Alsanie
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Department of Medical Laboratories, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan C Niclis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cameron P Hunt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabelle R De Luzy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Penna
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher R Bye
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jaber Firas
- The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Moradi S, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Ahmadi A, Mollamohammadi S, Stubenvoll A, Günther S, Salekdeh GH, Asgari S, Braun T, Baharvand H. Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Dlk1-Dio3 Locus-Embedded MicroRNAs as Major Drivers of Ground-State Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:2081-2096. [PMID: 29129685 PMCID: PMC5785679 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground-state pluripotency is a cell state in which pluripotency is established and maintained through efficient repression of endogenous differentiation pathways. Self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are influenced by ESC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the “miRNome” of ESCs cultured under conditions favoring ground-state pluripotency. We found that ground-state ESCs express a distinct set of miRNAs compared with ESCs grown in serum. Interestingly, most “ground-state miRNAs” are encoded by an imprinted region on chromosome 12 within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. Functional analysis revealed that ground-state miRNAs embedded in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus (miR-541-5p, miR-410-3p, and miR-381-3p) promoted pluripotency via inhibition of multi-lineage differentiation and stimulation of self-renewal. Overall, our results demonstrate that ground-state pluripotency is associated with a unique miRNA signature, which supports ground-state self-renewal by suppressing differentiation. Ground-state pluripotency is associated with a unique miRNA signature Dlk1-Dio3 locus on 12qF1 encodes the majority of ground-state miRNAs Dlk1-Dio3 locus is hypomethylated in ground-state ESCs Ground-state miRNAs promote ESC self-renewal and inhibit differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mollamohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Alexander Stubenvoll
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Square, Banihashem Street, Ressalat Highway, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Totonchi M, Hassani SN, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Tapia N, Adachi K, Arand J, Greber B, Sabour D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Walter J, Pakzad M, Gourabi H, Schöler HR, Baharvand H. Blockage of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Required for Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1275-1290. [PMID: 28919260 PMCID: PMC5639184 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells emanate from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst and when cultivated under optimal conditions immortalize as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The fundamental mechanism underlying ESC derivation has, however, remained elusive. Recently, we have devised a highly efficient approach for establishing ESCs, through inhibition of the MEK and TGF-β pathways. This regimen provides a platform for dissecting the molecular mechanism of ESC derivation. Via temporal gene expression analysis, we reveal key genes involved in the ICM to ESC transition. We found that DNA methyltransferases play a pivotal role in efficient ESC generation. We further observed a tight correlation between ESCs and preimplantation epiblast cell-related genes and noticed that fundamental events such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition blockage play a key role in launching the ESC self-renewal program. Our study provides a time course transcriptional resource highlighting the dynamics of the gene regulatory network during the ICM to ESC transition. Transcriptome data indicated a dynamic gene expression during ICM-ESC transition DNA methyltransferases play a prominent role in efficient ESC generation ESCs maintain pre-Epiblast cell identity EMT blockage is required for ESC derivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Chitsaz Lab, Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, CO, USA
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Arand
- University of Saarland, FR 8.3, Biological Sciences, Genetics/Epigenetics, Campus A2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmung, Germany
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jörn Walter
- University of Saarland, FR 8.3, Biological Sciences, Genetics/Epigenetics, Campus A2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Pakzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Fathi A, Eisa-Beygi S, Baharvand H. Signaling Molecules Governing Pluripotency and Early Lineage Commitments in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:194-203. [PMID: 28670512 PMCID: PMC5412778 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Signaling in pluripotent stem cells is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple mediators, finely tuned to balancing pluripotency and differentiation states. Characterizing and modifying the necessary signaling pathways to attain desired cell types is required for stem-cell applications in various fields of regenerative medicine. These signals may help enhance the differentiation potential of pluripotent cells towards each of the embryonic lineages and enable us to achieve pure in vitro cultures of various cell types. This review provides a timely synthesis of recent advances into how maintenance of pluripotency in hPSCs is regulated by extrinsic cues, such as the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and ACTIVIN signaling pathways, their interplay with other signaling pathways, namely, wingless- type MMTV integration site family (WNT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the pathways governing the determination of multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Hajian M, Hosseini SM, Ostadhosseini S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling during pre-implantation development in embryos of cattle, sheep and goats. Growth Factors 2016; 34:141-8. [PMID: 27442780 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2016.1206089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, application of chemical inhibitors against differentiation signaling pathways has improved establishment of mESCs. In this study, we applied inhibitors of TGF-β (SB431542) and BMP4 (Noggin) from cleavage to blastocyst stage in cattle, goat and sheep embryos. SB significantly decreases blastocyst rate and total cell number (TCN) in sheep blastocysts, whereas only TCN was significantly decreased in cattle blastocysts. In contrast to SB, Noggin significantly improved cattle blastocyst development but decreased TCN. However, Noggin treatment led to a significant increase in TCN in sheep blastocysts. Regarding pluripotency triad (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2) and cell lineage commitment (REX1, CDX2, GATA4), SB led to a significant reduction in SOX2 expression in goat and cattle, while Noggin increased at least one or two of pluripotent markers in these species. Taken together, this data suggests that inhibition of TGF-β by Noggin may be more favorable for derivation of stem cells in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajian
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
- b Department of Embryology , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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21
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HosseinNia P, Tahmoorespur M, Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Ostadhosseini S, Nasiri MR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Stage-Specific Profiling of Transforming Growth Factor-β, Fibroblast Growth Factor and Wingless-int Signaling Pathways during Early Embryo Development in The Goat. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:648-58. [PMID: 26862524 PMCID: PMC4746415 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This research intends to unravel the temporal expression profiles of genes in-
volved in three developmentally important signaling pathways [transforming growth factor-β
(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and wingless/int (WNT)] during preand peri-implan-
tation goat embryo development.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we examined the transcripts that
encoded the ligand, receptor, intracellular signal transducer and modifier, and the down-
stream effector, for each signaling pathway. In vitro mature MII oocytes and embryos at
three distinctive stages [8-16 cell stage, day-7 (D7) blastocysts and day-14 (D14) blas-
tocysts] were separately prepared in triplicate for comparative real-time reverse tran-
scriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the selected gene sets.
Results Most components of the three signaling pathways were present at more or less
stable levels throughout the assessed oocyte and embryo developmental stages. The
transcripts for TGF-β, FGF and WNT signaling pathways were all induced in unfertilized
MII-oocytes. However, developing embryos showed gradual patterns of decrease in the
activities of TGF-β, FGF and WNT components with renewal thereafter.
Conclusion The results suggested that TGF-β, FGF and WNT are maternally active
signaling pathways required during earlier, rather than later, stages of preand peri-
implantation goat embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria HosseinNia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tahmoorespur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nasiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Bose B, Shenoy P S. Pluripotent Conversion of Muscle Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factors or Small Molecules. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 12:73-89. [PMID: 26358783 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into several lineages including skeletal muscle precursor cells. Here, we show that MDSCs from myostatin null mice (Mstn (-/-) ) can be readily induced into pluripotent stem cells without using reprogramming factors. Microarray studies revealed a strong upregulation of markers like Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) and Leukemia Inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) in Mstn (-/-) MDSCs as compared to wild type MDSCs (WT-MDSCs). Furthermore when cultured in mouse embryonic stem cell media with LIF for 95 days, Mstn (-/-) MDSCs formed embryonic stem cell (ES) like colonies. We termed such ES like cells as the culture-induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSC). CiPSCs from Mstn (-/-) MDSCs were phenotypically similar to ESCs, expressed high levels of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and SSEA-1, maintained a normal karyotype. Furthermore, CiPSCs formed embryoid bodies and teratomas when injected into immunocompromised mice. In addition, CiPSCs differentiated into somatic cells of all three lineages. We further show that culturing in ES cell media, resulted in hypermethylation and downregulation of BMP2 in Mstn(-/-) MDSCs. Western blot further confirmed a down regulation of BMP2 signaling in Mstn (-/-) MDSCs in supportive of pluripotent reprogramming. Given that down regulation of BMP2 has been shown to induce pluripotency in cells, we propose that lack of myostatin epigenetically reprograms the MDSCs to become pluripotent stem cells. Thus, here we report the successful establishment of ES-like cells from adult stem cells of the non-germline origin under culture-induced conditions without introducing reprogramming genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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