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Pařízek A, Suchopár J, Laštůvka Z, Alblová M, Hill M, Dušková M. The Endocannabinoid System and Its Relationship to Human Reproduction. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S365-S380. [PMID: 38116770 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is among the most important regulators of human reproduction. It already applies at the level of the sperm and the egg, plays an important role in the fertilization of the egg, its implantation, regulates the function of the placenta and participates in childbirth. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge accumulated so far and to show that the endocannabinoid system must be perfectly regulated in order to maintain a physiological pregnancy from implantation to delivery. Only an exceptional interplay of enzymes such as NAPE-PDL or FAAH, endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 can ensure the proper functioning of the reproductive organs and thus lead to delivery on time. Changes in the endocannabinoid system can lead to a number of pathological conditions, e.g., during blastocyst implantation, retardation of embryo development, impaired placental function or miscarriage. Soon, we can expect not only an understanding of all the regulatory events associated with the endocannabinoid system and other regulatory systems that participate in reproduction, but also several possibilities for pharmacotherapeutic interventions that can modify the formation, degradation and effect of endocannabinoids. It cannot be ruled out that some components of the endocannabinoid system could become a marker for monitoring pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pařízek
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Taylor AH, Bachkangi P, Konje JC. Labour and premature delivery differentially affect the expression of the endocannabinoid system in the human placenta. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:577-593. [PMID: 37750996 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of N-arachidonyletholamine (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) increase at term and can predict when a woman is likely to go into labour. We hypothesised that increased plasma AEA concentrations in women in preterm and term labour might also be increased and have a function in the placenta at the end of pregnancy. Here we examined the expression of the N-acylethanolamine-modulating enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D (NAPE-PLD) and of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the placenta and their activation in an in vitro model of the third-trimester placenta to determine if those expressions change with labour and have functional significance. Expression of CB1, CB2, FAAH and NAPE-PLD was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-qPCR in placental samples obtained from four patient groups: preterm not in labour (PTNL), term not in labour (TNL), preterm in labour (PTL) and term in labour (TL). Additionally, the effects of AEA on a third-trimester human cell line (TCL-1) were evaluated. All ECS components were present in the third-trimester placenta, with NAPE-PLD and CB2 being the key modulated proteins in terms of expression. Functionally, AEA reduced TCL-1 cell numbers through the actions of the CB2 receptor whilst CB1 maintained placental integrity through the expression of the transcription regulators histone deacetylase 3, thyroid hormone receptor β 1 and the modulation of 5α reductase type 1. The placenta in the third trimester and at term is different from the placenta in the first trimester with respect to the expression of CB1, CB2, FAAH and NAPE-PLD, and the expression of these proteins is affected by labour. These data suggest that early perturbation of some ECS components in the placenta may cause AEA-induced PTL and thus PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Taylor
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Panos Bachkangi
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Burton On Trent, UK
| | - Justin C Konje
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Feto Maternal Centre, Al Markhiya, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Zhao J, Xuan Y, Zhang Y, Hong X, Zhang H, Zhang R, Yan T, Wang Y, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Jiao K, He T, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yan D, Wang B, Ma X. Assessment of Prior Infection With Hepatitis B Virus and Fecundability in Couples Planning Pregnancy. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2330870. [PMID: 37651142 PMCID: PMC10472190 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with reduced fecundability among reproductive-aged couples lacks large-population, in-depth study evidence. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of HBV infection with time to pregnancy in couples planning pregnancy, and to explore whether this association varied by gravidity, health statuses, or lifestyles. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a population-based cohort study of Chinese couples participating in the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects during 2015 to 2017. They were planning pregnancy and were followed-up every 3 months until getting pregnant, as confirmed by gynecologic ultrasonography, or were followed-up for 1 year. Data were analyzed between March 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was time to pregnancy, assessed using fecundability hazard ratios (HRs). The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of HBV infection with fecundability. RESULTS Among 2 419 848 couples (mean [SD] age, 27.87 [5.20] years for women and 29.58 [5.50] years for men), 126 728 women (5.24%) and 156 572 men (6.47%) were infected with HBV. Compared with the HBV-negative group, the fecundability of both women and men in the HBV-positive group decreased by 5% (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.95). Compared with couples in which both partners were HBV negative, the fecundability of those in which both partners were HBV positive declined by 6% (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96) among all couples, by 3% (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) among nulligravidas couples, and by 7% (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95) among multigravidas couples. Both the female-male and couple models suggested that the association of HBV infection with decreased fecundability was more pronounced in couples with multigravidas. The negative association was greater in people with overweight and obesity and was inconsistent in certain subgroups; in particular, it was more pronounced in women with reproductive tract infections, normal fasting plasma glucose, and no alcohol intake and in men with normal blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this population-based cohort study, HBV infection was associated with decreased fecundability in a general reproductive-aged population, especially in couples with multigravidas. For women and men with certain health statuses and lifestyles, a comprehensive consideration of this association is recommended to provide personalized fertility guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoqi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kailei Jiao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Donghai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
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Kysel P, Haluzíková D, Pleyerová I, Řezníčková K, Laňková I, Lacinová Z, Havrlantová T, Mráz M, Kasperová BJ, Kovářová V, Thieme L, Trnovská J, Svoboda P, Hubáčková SŠ, Vilikus Z, Haluzík M. Different Effects of Cyclical Ketogenic vs. Nutritionally Balanced Reduction Diet on Serum Concentrations of Myokines in Healthy Young Males Undergoing Combined Resistance/Aerobic Training. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071720. [PMID: 37049560 PMCID: PMC10096784 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myokines represent important regulators of muscle metabolism. Our study aimed to explore the effects of a cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young males on serum concentrations of myokines and their potential role in changes in physical fitness. Twenty-five subjects undergoing regular resistance/aerobic training were randomized to the CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12) groups. Anthropometric and spiroergometric parameters, muscle strength, biochemical parameters, and serum concentrations of myokines and cytokines were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Both diets reduced body weight, body fat, and BMI. Muscle strength and endurance performance were improved only by RD. Increased musclin (32.9 pg/mL vs. 74.5 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and decreased osteonectin levels (562 pg/mL vs. 511 pg/mL, p = 0.023) were observed in RD but not in the CKD group. In contrast, decreased levels of FGF21 (181 pg/mL vs. 86.4 pg/mL, p = 0.003) were found in the CKD group only. Other tested myokines and cytokines were not significantly affected by the intervention. Our data suggest that changes in systemic osteonectin and musclin levels could contribute to improved muscle strength and endurance performance and partially explain the differential effects of CKD and RD on physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kysel
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Haluzíková
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Pleyerová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Řezníčková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Laňková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Lacinová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 121 11 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Havrlantová
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Judita Kasperová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorie Kovářová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Thieme
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Štemberková Hubáčková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Vilikus
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 121 11 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Z.V.); (M.H.)
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5
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Dahlgren MK, El-Abboud C, Lambros AM, Sagar KA, Smith RT, Gruber SA. A survey of medical cannabis use during perimenopause and postmenopause. Menopause 2022; 29:1028-1036. [PMID: 35917529 PMCID: PMC9422771 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expanding access to legal cannabis has dovetailed with increased interest in medical cannabis (MC) use; however, there is a paucity of research examining MC use to alleviate menopause-related symptoms. This survey study assessed patterns of MC use in perimenopausal and postmenopausal individuals. METHODS Participants (perimenopausal, n = 131; postmenopausal, n = 127) completed assessments of menopause-related symptomatology and cannabis use, including modes of use, type of use, and menopause-related symptoms addressed by MC use. RESULTS Most participants reported current cannabis use (86.1%) and endorsed using MC for menopause-related symptoms (78.7%). The most common modes of use were smoking (84.3%) and edibles (78.3%), and the top menopause-related symptoms for MC use were sleep disturbance (67.4%) and mood/anxiety (46.1%). Relative to postmenopausal participants, perimenopausal participants reported significantly worse menopause-related symptomatology on the vasomotor and psychosocial subscales of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire ( P s ≤ 0.04), including greater burden of anxiety ( P = 0.01) and hot flash ( P = 0.04) symptoms. In addition, perimenopausal participants reported higher incidence of depression ( P = 0.03) and anxiety diagnoses ( P < 0.01), as well as increased use of MC to treat menopause-related mood/anxiety symptoms relative to postmenopausal participants ( P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that many individuals are currently using MC as an adjunctive treatment for menopause-related symptoms, particularly sleep disturbance and mood/anxiety. Future research should examine the impact of different MC use characteristics (e.g., cannabinoid profiles) on the efficacy of MC use for menopause-related symptoms. Increased severity and prevalence of mood and anxiety symptoms in perimenopausal participants suggest promising targets for clinical trials of cannabinoid-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kathryn Dahlgren
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Celine El-Abboud
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
| | - Ashley M. Lambros
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
| | - Kelly A. Sagar
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosemary T. Smith
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
| | - Staci A. Gruber
- From the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) Program, McLean Hospital Imaging Center, Belmont, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Crooks BA, Mckenzie D, Cadd LC, McCoy CJ, McVeigh P, Marks NJ, Maule AG, Mousley A, Atkinson LE. Pan-phylum In Silico Analyses of Nematode Endocannabinoid Signalling Systems Highlight Novel Opportunities for Parasite Drug Target Discovery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892758. [PMID: 35846343 PMCID: PMC9283691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid signalling (ECS) system is a complex lipid signalling pathway that modulates diverse physiological processes in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. In nematodes, knowledge of endocannabinoid (EC) biology is derived primarily from the free-living model species Caenorhabditis elegans, where ECS has been linked to key aspects of nematode biology. The conservation and complexity of nematode ECS beyond C. elegans is largely uncharacterised, undermining the understanding of ECS biology in nematodes including species with key importance to human, veterinary and plant health. In this study we exploited publicly available omics datasets, in silico bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses to examine the presence, conservation and life stage expression profiles of EC-effectors across phylum Nematoda. Our data demonstrate that: (i) ECS is broadly conserved across phylum Nematoda, including in therapeutically and agriculturally relevant species; (ii) EC-effectors appear to display clade and lifestyle-specific conservation patterns; (iii) filarial species possess a reduced EC-effector complement; (iv) there are key differences between nematode and vertebrate EC-effectors; (v) life stage-, tissue- and sex-specific EC-effector expression profiles suggest a role for ECS in therapeutically relevant parasitic nematodes. To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive characterisation of ECS pathways in phylum Nematoda and inform our understanding of nematode ECS complexity. Fundamental knowledge of nematode ECS systems will seed follow-on functional studies in key nematode parasites to underpin novel drug target discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louise E. Atkinson
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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7
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Gene expression of the endocannabinoid system in endometrium through menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9400. [PMID: 35672435 PMCID: PMC9174470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids mediate cellular functions and their activity is controlled by a complex system of enzymes, membrane receptors and transport molecules. Endocannabinoids are present in endometrium, a cyclical regenerative tissue requiring tightly regulated cellular mechanisms for maturation. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of key elements involved in the endocannabinoid system across the menstrual cycle. RNA was isolated from endometrial tissue and genome-wide gene expression datasets were generated using RNA-sequencing. An a priori set of 70 genes associated with endocannabinoid system were selected from published literature. Gene expression across the menstrual cycle was analyzed using a moderated t test, corrected for multiple testing with Bonferroni’s method. A total of 40 of the 70 genes were present in > 90% of the samples, and significant differential gene expression identified for 29 genes. We identified 4 distinct regulation patterns for synthesizing enzymes, as well as a distinct regulation pattern for degradations and transporting enzymes. This study charts the expression of endometrial endocannabinoid system genes across the menstrual cycle. Altered expression of genes that control endocannabinoid may allow fine control over endocannabinoid concentrations and their influence on cellular function, maturation and differentiation as the endometrium matures through the menstrual cycle.
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8
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Bortoletto P, Prabhu M. Impact of Tobacco and Marijuana on Infertility and Early Reproductive Wastage. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 65:360-375. [PMID: 35125388 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reducing exposure to tobacco and marijuana during preconception and early pregnancy is a critical area of intervention for obstetricians, gynecologists, and other reproductive health care professionals. Beyond the deleterious personal health effects, both substances have been extensively associated with short-term and long-term detrimental effects to gametogenesis, fecundity, as well as tissue level effects in the reproductive tracts. When tobacco and marijuana do not impair the ability to achieve pregnancy, an increasing body of literature suggests either may be associated with increased risk of early pregnancy loss and reproductive wastage. In this review, we will discuss what is known about how tobacco and marijuana affect the male and female reproductive systems and highlight how these consequences may impair attempts at successful conception and pregnancy continuation beyond the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bortoletto
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine
| | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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9
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Yang T, Zhao J, Liu F, Li Y. Lipid metabolism and endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:858-889. [PMID: 35639910 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable number of infertile obese women still suffer from serial implantation failure, despite the high quality of embryos transferred. Although obesity has long been known to exert various deleterious effects on female fertility, the underlying mechanisms, especially the roles of lipid metabolism in endometrial receptivity, remain largely elusive. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of several major lipids and lipid-derived mediators on the embryonic implantation process. Emerging methods for evaluating endometrial receptivity, for example transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis, are also discussed. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: (lipid or fatty acid or prostaglandin or phospholipid or sphingolipid or endocannabinoid or lysophosphatidic acid or cholesterol or progesterone or estrogen or transcriptomic or lipidomic or obesity or dyslipidemia or polycystic ovary syndrome) AND (endometrial receptivity or uterine receptivity or embryo implantation or assisted reproductive technology or in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer). A comprehensive literature search was performed on the roles of lipid-related metabolic pathways in embryo implantation published between January 1970 and March 2022. Only studies with original data and reviews published in English were included in this review. Additional information was obtained from references cited in the articles resulting from the literature search. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown that a fatty acids-related pro-inflammatory response in the embryo-endometrium boundary facilitates pregnancy via mediation of prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipid-derived mediators, for example endocannabinoids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are associated with endometrial receptivity, embryo spacing and decidualization based on evidence from both animal and human studies. Progesterone and estrogen are two cholesterol-derived steroid hormones that synergistically mediate the structural and functional alterations in the uterus ready for blastocyst implantation. Variations in serum cholesterol profiles throughout the menstrual cycle imply a demand for steroidogenesis at the time of window of implantation (WOI). Since 2002, endometrial transcriptomic analysis has been serving as a diagnostic tool for WOI dating. Numerous genes that govern lipid homeostasis have been identified and, based on specific alterations of lipidomic signatures differentially expressed in WOI, lipidomic analysis of endometrial fluid provides a possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of lipids alterations during the WOI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Given that lipid metabolic dysregulation potentially plays a role in infertility, a better understanding of lipid metabolism could have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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10
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Misner MJ, Taborek A, Dufour J, Sharifi L, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Effects of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on Oocyte Competence and Early Embryonic Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:647918. [PMID: 35295104 PMCID: PMC8915882 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.647918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in legal status and public perception of cannabis have contributed to an increase use amongst women of reproductive age. Concurrently, there is inadequate evidence-based knowledge to guide clinical practice regarding cannabis and its effects on fertility and early embryonic development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), during oocyte maturation, and its impact on the developing embryo. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h under clinically relevant doses of THC mimicking plasma levels achieved after therapeutic (0.032 μM) and recreational (0.32 and 3.2 μM) cannabis use. THC-treated oocytes were assessed for development and quality parameters at both the oocyte and embryo level. Characteristics of oocytes treated with cannabinoid receptor antagonists were also assessed. Oocytes treated with 0.32 and 3.2 μM THC, were significantly less likely to reach metaphase II (p < 0.01) and consequently had lower cleavage rates at day 2 post-fertilization (p < 0.0001). Treatment with cannabinoid receptor antagonists restored this effect (p < 0.05). Oocytes that did reach MII showed no differences in spindle morphology. Oocytes treated with 0.032 μM THC had significantly lower connexin mRNA (p < 0.05) (correlated with decreased quality), but this was not confirmed at the protein level. At the blastocyst stage there were no significant differences in developmental rates or the proportion of trophectoderm to inner cell mass cells between the control and treatment groups. These blastocysts, however, displayed an increased level of apoptosis in the 0.32 and 3.2 μM groups (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest a possible disruptive effect of cannabis on oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Misner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Afton Taborek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jaustin Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Sharifi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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11
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Melford SE, Taylor AH, Konje JC. Nitric oxide positively affects endometrial receptivity via FAAH and NAPE-PLD in vitro. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 2:107-116. [PMID: 35128447 PMCID: PMC8812446 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if models of human 'receptive' and 'non-receptive endometrium' differ in their responses to nitric oxide (NO) supplementation by measuring the levels of the enzymes of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) (fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD)), which control the 'anandamide tone' essential for successful pregnancy. Design A study of FAAH and NAPE-PLD expression (using human endometrium) through the menstrual cycle and an in vitro using a model of 'receptive' (Ishikawa) and 'non-receptive' (HEC-1A) human endometrial cell lines treated with the NO-donating compound S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Results Immunoreactivity measured by optimised H-score for both FAAH and NAPE-PLD was reduced in secretory (receptive) endometrium compared to proliferative (non-receptive) endometrium (P = 0.0009 and <0.0001, respectively). FAAH and NAPE transcript levels were significantly higher in untreated Ishikawa cells than in HEC-1A cells (P = 0.0228 and 0.0001, respectively). Treatment of cultures with SNAP resulted in an increase in the amount of FAAH mRNA produced by Ishikawa cells and a decrease in NAPE-PLD mRNA. No effect of SNAP was observed in HEC-1A cells. Similarly, FAAH protein was significantly decreased in endometria representative of the receptive endometrium. Conclusion These data suggest that NO most likely affects the expression of ECS enzymes in the implantation site of a receptive endometrium; a phenomenon not seen in a non-receptive endometrium. These effects are most marked with FAAH expression, suggesting that FAAH may play the more critical role in ensuring the correct 'anandamide tone' for successful embryo implantation than NAPE-PLD. Lay summary Embryo implantation into the wall of the uterus is only successful when the inner wall of the uterus (the endometrium) is 'receptive', because if it is 'non-receptive', implantation will fail. Previous work showed that enzymes of the 'endocannabinoid system' are critical for implantation by maintaining the correct level of a fat called anandamide. This is by balancing its synthesis (by N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine specific phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD) and degradation (by fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH). Using immortalised cell lines as models of 'receptive' and 'non-receptive' human endometrium, we demonstrate a key stimulator of implantation, nitric oxide, has a positive effect on implantation by both increasing the mRNA levels of the degrading enzyme (FAAH) and decreasing the expression of the synthesising enzyme (NAPE-PLD). These effects are most marked with the degrading enzyme, suggesting that FAAH plays a more critical role than NAPE-PLD in ensuring the correct 'anandamide tone' for successful embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Melford
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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12
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Greco A, Del Prete C, De Biase D, Palumbo V, Albanese S, Bruzzese D, Carotenuto D, Ciani F, Tafuri S, Meomartino L, Mancini M, Paciello O, Cocchia N. Effects of Oral Administration of Lepidium meyenii on Morphology of Mice Testis and Motility of Epididymal Sperm Cells After Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:692874. [PMID: 34957272 PMCID: PMC8697607 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.692874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration is associated with testicular damage and reduced semen quality. Oral administration of Lepidium Meyenii (maca) improves spermatogenesis and sperm motility and count and reduces spermatogenic damage. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of THC, maca, and their combination on testicular tissue and semen parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six-week-old male mice were classified into control, THC, Maca, and THC + Maca groups. The mice were subjected to Eco Color Doppler ultrasound examination of the testicles before and after treatment. After euthanasia, the epididymis, testes, liver, and kidney were collected for histological examination. For morphometry of the testis, tubular diameters and seminiferous epithelium height were measured. Sperm concentration and sperm motilities were assessed. Differences among the groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc test. Results: In all the groups, there were no significant changes in testicular morphology before and after treatment. Histological assessment of the testes showed no alterations in control, no significant alterations in Maca, mild to moderate alterations in THC, and mild alterations in THC + Maca groups. Histological examination of the other organs showed no significant differences among the groups. Tubular diameter showed significantly increased thickening for THC and THC + Maca compared with that for Maca and control. Moreover, seminiferous epithelium height decreased for THC compared with that in the control, Maca, and THC + Maca groups. No statistically significant reduction in the spermatogenic index was observed for THC compared with that for Maca and THC + Maca. Epididymal cross-sections of the groups showed no significant alterations. Sperm concentration and motility were higher for control and THC + Maca groups than in group THC and Maca. Conclusion: In vivo maca administration reduced the deleterious effect of THC on testicular parenchyma and semen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Sanity, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Lingegowda H, Miller JE, McCallion A, Childs T, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Implications of dysregulated endogenous cannabinoid family members in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:419-430. [PMID: 35559864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the involvement of the endocannabinoid (EC) family member in the pathophysiology of endometriosis (EMS). DESIGN Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma and tissue samples from patients with EMS, controls, and a mouse model of EMS and messenger RNA and immunohistochemistry analysis of the samples from patients with EMS and controls. SETTING Academic teaching hospital and university. PATIENT(S) Patients with EMS and healthy fertile control subjects. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endocannabinoid analysis in patient plasma, EMS lesions, and healthy endometrial samples. RESULT(S) Circulating ECs were detected in the plasma samples, whereas no significant changes were observed in patients with EMS compared with healthy fertile controls. However, the palmitoylethanolamide levels were significantly higher in the EMS lesions than in the endometrium from patients with EMS. Similarly, genes involved in the EC signaling pathways were differentially expressed in the EMS lesions. Analysis of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors in the EMS lesions revealed a significantly lower cannabinoid 2 receptor expression, whereas no significant changes were observed in cannabinoid 1 receptor expression compared with those in the endometrium from both patients with EMS and healthy fertile controls. The palmitoylethanolamide levels were significantly elevated in plasma from EMS mice compared with that from sham controls and in EMS lesions compared with uterine samples. CONCLUSION(S) Together, we provide evidence toward dysregulation of members of the ECs in both patients with EMS and the mouse model of EMS. These findings will advance the knowledge of the role of ECs in EMS and their potential implications as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison McCallion
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Childs
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Bryant J, Ngwa W, Nedamat K. The Current and Potential Application of Medicinal Cannabis Products in Dentistry. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:106. [PMID: 34562980 PMCID: PMC8466648 DOI: 10.3390/dj9090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and dental diseases are a major global burden, the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and may even affect an individual's general quality of life and health. The most prevalent dental and oral health conditions are tooth decay (otherwise referred to as dental caries/cavities), oral cancers, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal (gum) disease, Noma, oro-dental trauma, oral manifestations of HIV, sensitive teeth, cracked teeth, broken teeth, and congenital anomalies such as cleft lip and palate. Herbs have been utilized for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese, African and Indian medicine and even in some Western countries, for the treatment of oral and dental conditions including but not limited to dental caries, gingivitis and toothaches, dental pulpitis, halitosis (bad breath), mucositis, sore throat, oral wound infections, and periodontal abscesses. Herbs have also been used as plaque removers (chew sticks), antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiseptics. Cannabis sativa L. in particular has been utilized in traditional Asian medicine for tooth-pain management, prevention of dental caries and reduction in gum inflammation. The distribution of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the mouth suggest that the endocannabinoid system may be a target for the treatment of oral and dental diseases. Most recently, interest has been geared toward the use of Cannabidiol (CBD), one of several secondary metabolites produced by C. sativa L. CBD is a known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer agent, and as a result, may have therapeutic potential against conditions such burning mouth syndrome, dental anxiety, gingivitis, and possible oral cancer. Other major secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. such as terpenes and flavonoids also share anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic and anti-microbial properties and may also have dental and oral applications. This review will investigate the potential of secondary metabolites of C. sativa L. in the treatment of dental and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lowe
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ngeh Toyang
- Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Blair Steele
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Biotech R & D Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona 99999, Jamaica; (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kaveh Nedamat
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Auraleaf Innovations, Toronto, ON M9B 4H6, Canada
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15
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Dubon MAC, Pedrosa VB, Feitosa FLB, Costa RB, de Camargo GMF, Silva MR, Pinto LFB. Identification of novel candidate genes for age at first calving in Nellore cows using a SNP chip specifically developed for Bos taurus indicus cattle. Theriogenology 2021; 173:156-162. [PMID: 34392169 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The age at first calving has a great economic impact on the beef cattle system and calving at 24 months is an objective of selection for a more efficient herd. However, an age at first calving around 36 months has been observed for Nellore cattle in Brazil. Thus, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out with 8376 records of age at first calving and 3239 animals genotyped with the GGP-Indicus 35K, which has been developed specifically for Bos taurus indicus. The weighted single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method was used, with adjacent SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in genomic windows of 1.0 Mb. After quality control, 3239 (2161 males and 1078 females) animals genotyped for 30,519 SNPs were used in GWAS analysis. The average and standard deviation of age at first calving were 1041.7 and 140.6 days, respectively. The heritability estimate was 0.10 ± 0.02. The GWAS analysis found seven genomic regions in BTA1, 2, 5, 12, 18, 21, and 24, which explained a total of 11.24% of the additive genetic variance of age at first calving. In these regions were found 62 protein coding genes, and the genes HSD17B2, SERPINA14, SERPINA1, SERPINA5, STAT1, NFATC1, ATP9B, CTDP1, THPO, ECE2, PSMD2, EIF4G1, EIF2B2, DVL3, POLR2H, TMTC2, and GPC6 are possible candidates for age at first birth due their function. Moreover, two molecular functions ("serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity" and "negative regulation of endopeptidase activity") were significant, which depend on several serpin genes. The use of a SNP chip developed especially for Bos taurus indicus allowed to find genomic regions for age at first calving, which are close to QTLs previously reported for other reproduction-related traits. Future studies can reveal the causal variants and their effects on reproductive precocity of Nellore cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Breno Pedrosa
- State University of Ponta Grossa, 4748, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030900, Brazil.
| | | | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Federal University of Bahia, 500, Av. Adhemar de Barros, Salvador, BA, 40170110, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcio Ribeiro Silva
- Melhore Animal and Katayama Agropecuaria Lda, Guararapes, SP, 16700-000, Brazil.
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16
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Fuchs Weizman N, Wyse BA, Szaraz P, Defer M, Jahangiri S, Librach CL. Cannabis alters epigenetic integrity and endocannabinoid signalling in the human follicular niche. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1922-1931. [PMID: 33954787 PMCID: PMC8213445 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do phytocannabinoids (PCs) affect follicular endocannabinoid signalling and the epigenome in the surrounding granulosa cells (GCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to PCs increases the expression of endocannabinoid receptors and reduces DNA methylation enzyme expression and global DNA methylation in naïve GCs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cannabis plant derivatives, known as PCs, are used for medicinal and recreational purposes. The main PC, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is the third most commonly used substance by women of childbearing age, hence knowledge of the effect it has on reproduction is of utmost importance. THC exerts its effects via receptors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and can interfere with folliculogenesis, oocyte development and ovulation. Endocannabinoids have been measured in follicular fluid (FF) obtained during oocyte retrieval and are implicated in controlling folliculogenesis. It has been established that in the placenta, PCs disrupt endocannabinoid homeostasis via impairment of the synthetic and degrading enzymes, leading to a net increase of endocannabinoid levels. Finally, previous studies have shown that THC alters methylation and histone modifications in sperm, brain and blood cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study included an in vivo cohort assessment of cannabis exposure and its effects on the follicle and in vitro assays conducted to validate the in vivo findings and to explore possible mechanisms of action. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 318 FF samples, from 261 patients undergoing IVF treatment at a private fertility clinic who consented for biobanking biological waste material between January 2018 and July 2019, were included in this study. Concentrations of PCs and endocannabinoids were assessed in FF by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Exposure to PCs was determined based on these measured levels. Levels of both endocannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R) and the de novo DNA methylating enzyme, DNMT3b, in GCs were assessed by flow cytometry both in vitro and in vivo and global DNA methylation was assessed in vitro by ELISA. In vivo effects were assessed by comparing samples positive for at least one PC, with samples negative for all measured PCs. In vitro effects were determined in naive GCs, obtained concurrently with FF samples that had tested negative for all PCs. These GCs were treated with different combinations of the main three PCs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Overall, 17 patients (6.4%) were positive for cannabis consumption. Furthermore, the prevalence of cannabis positivity in the FF increased from 4% of the tested samples that were collected prior to national legalisation in October 2018 to 12% of those collected following legalisation. Of note, 59% of patients who tested positive for PCs (10 of 17) reported previous or ongoing exposure to cannabis upon their initial intake. Endocannabinoid levels were not affected by the presence of PCs. CB2R was more prevalent than CB1R in GCs and its expression increased following acute and chronic in vitro exposure to PCs. The expression of DNMT3b and global methylation decreased following exposure, suggesting that cannabis may affect the epigenome in the follicular niche. The acute changes were sustained throughout chronic treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study is limited by lack of details regarding mode, frequency and timing of PC consumption. Moreover, we were not able to adequately assess the effect of PCs on immediate or long-term clinical outcomes, due to the small sample size and the lack of follow up. Future, large-scale studies should focus on assess the clinical implications of cannabis exposure, validate our findings, and determine to what extent cannabis affects the epigenome ovarian follicle and the developing oocyte. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the first study measuring PCs in FF by LC-MS/MS. We show that consuming cannabis alters the ECS in the developing follicle, and directly affects DNMT expression and global DNA methylation levels. Cannabis legalisation and use is increasing worldwide, therefore further understanding its role in female fertility and folliculogenesis is critical. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) All funding was provided by CReATe Fertility Centre through the reinvestment of clinical earnings. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Jahangiri
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,CReATe BioBank, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,CReATe BioBank, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Kozakiewicz ML, Grotegut CA, Howlett AC. Endocannabinoid System in Pregnancy Maintenance and Labor: A Mini-Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:699951. [PMID: 34220722 PMCID: PMC8242576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.699951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a cell-signaling system present in multiple organ systems and is an integral part of sustaining the microenvironment necessary for early pregnancy success and maintenance. It plays a significant role in embryo development, transport and implantation as well as placentation. The current theory behind the initiation of term labor is that it is a complex, multifactorial process involving sex steroid hormones, prostaglandin production and interplay at the maternal-fetal interface resulting in increased expression of receptors and gap junctions that promote uterine activation. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to early pregnancy events, the ECS plays a regulatory role in pregnancy maintenance and the timing of labor. This review presents an overview of the ECS in pregnancy that focuses on late gestation and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Kozakiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chad A Grotegut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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18
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Morris G, Walder K, Kloiber S, Amminger P, Berk M, Bortolasci CC, Maes M, Puri BK, Carvalho AF. The endocannabinoidome in neuropsychiatry: Opportunities and potential risks. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105729. [PMID: 34119623 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises two cognate endocannabinoid receptors referred to as CB1R and CB2R. ECS dysregulation is apparent in neurodegenerative/neuro-psychiatric disorders including but not limited to schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and potentially bipolar disorder. The aim of this paper is to review mechanisms whereby both receptors may interact with neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways, which play a pathophysiological role in these disorders. CB1R is located in the presynaptic terminals of GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons where it regulates the retrograde suppression of neurotransmission. CB1R plays a key role in long-term depression, and, to a lesser extent, long-term potentiation, thereby modulating synaptic transmission and mediating learning and memory. Optimal CB1R activity plays an essential neuroprotective role by providing a defense against the development of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is achieved, at least in part, by impeding AMPA-mediated increase in intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress. Moreover, CB1R activity enables optimal neuron-glial communication and the function of the neurovascular unit. CB2R receptors are detected in peripheral immune cells and also in central nervous system regions including the striatum, basal ganglia, frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala as well as the ventral tegmental area. CB2R upregulation inhibits the presynaptic release of glutamate in several brain regions. CB2R activation also decreases neuroinflammation partly by mediating the transition from a predominantly neurotoxic "M1" microglial phenotype to a more neuroprotective "M2" phenotype. CB1R and CB2R are thus novel drug targets for the treatment of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative disorders including schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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19
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Mumford SL, Flannagan KS, Radoc JG, Sjaarda LA, Zolton JR, Metz TD, Plowden TC, Perkins NJ, DeVilbiss EA, Andriessen VC, A C PS, Kim K, Yisahak SF, Freeman JR, Alkhalaf Z, Silver RM, Schisterman EF. Cannabis use while trying to conceive: a prospective cohort study evaluating associations with fecundability, live birth and pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1405-1415. [PMID: 33421071 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is cannabis use assessed via urinary metabolites and self-report during preconception associated with fecundability, live birth and pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER Preconception cannabis use was associated with reduced fecundability among women with a history of pregnancy loss attempting pregnancy despite an increased frequency of intercourse. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cannabis use continues to rise despite limited evidence of safety during critical windows of pregnancy establishment. While existing studies suggest that self-reported cannabis use is not associated with fecundability, self-report may not be reliable. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was carried out including 1228 women followed for up to six cycles while attempting pregnancy (2006 to 2012), and throughout pregnancy if they conceived. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women aged 18-40 years with a history of pregnancy loss (n = 1228) were recruited from four clinical centers. Women self-reported preconception cannabis use at baseline and urinary tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites were measured throughout preconception and early pregnancy (up to four times during the study: at baseline, after 6 months of follow-up or at the beginning of the conception cycle, and weeks 4 and 8 of pregnancy). Time to hCG-detected pregnancy, and incidence of live birth and pregnancy loss were prospectively assessed. Fecundability odds ratios (FOR) and 95% CI were estimated using discrete time Cox proportional hazards models, and risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CI using log-binomial regression adjusting for age, race, BMI, education level, baseline urine cotinine, alcohol use and antidepressant use. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Preconception cannabis use was 5% (62/1228), based on combined urinary metabolite measurements and self-report, and 1.3% (11/789) used cannabis during the first 8 weeks of gestation based on urinary metabolites only. Women with preconception cannabis use had reduced fecundability (FOR 0.59; 95% CI 0.38, 0.92). Preconception cannabis use was also associated with increased frequency of intercourse per cycle (9.4 ± 7 versus 7.5 ± 7 days; P = 0.02) and higher LH (percentage change 64%, 95% CI 3, 161) and higher LH:FSH ratio (percentage change 39%, 95% CI 7, 81). There were also suggestive, though imprecise, associations with anovulation (RR 1.92, 95% CI 0.88, 4.18), and live birth (42% (19/45) cannabis users versus 55% (578/1043) nonusers; RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57, 1.12). No associations were observed between preconception cannabis use and pregnancy loss (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.46, 1.42). Similar results were observed after additional adjustment for parity, income, employment status and stress. We were unable to estimate associations between cannabis use during early pregnancy and pregnancy loss due to limited sample size. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the relatively few cannabis users in our study, we had limited ability to make conclusions regarding live birth and pregnancy loss, and were unable to account for male partner use. While results were similar after excluding smokers, alcohol use and any drug use in the past year, some residual confounding may persist due to these potential co-exposures. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings highlight potential risks on fecundability among women attempting pregnancy with a history of pregnancy loss and the need for expanded evidence regarding the reproductive health effects of cannabis use in the current climate of increasing legalization. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contract numbers: HHSN267200603423, HHSN267200603424, HHSN267200603426, HHSN275201300023I). Jeannie G. Radoc has been funded by the National Institutes of Health Medical Research Scholars Program, a public-private partnership supported jointly by the National Institutes of Health and generous contributions to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (DDCF Grant # 2014194), Genentech, Elsevier, and other private donors. The authors report no conflict of interest in this work and have nothing to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00467363.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - K S Flannagan
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - J G Radoc
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - L A Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - J R Zolton
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - T D Metz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - T C Plowden
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - N J Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - E A DeVilbiss
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - V C Andriessen
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Purdue-Smithe A C
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - K Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - S F Yisahak
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - J R Freeman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Z Alkhalaf
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - R M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - E F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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20
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Xu Y, Wang L, Cao S, Hu R, Liu R, Hua K, Guo Z, Di HJ, Hu Z. Genipin improves reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption in male mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 33308222 PMCID: PMC7731552 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm disruption impacts a wide range of physiological processes, including fertility. However, the effect of circadian disruption on male spermatogenesis and fertility, and treatments for these effects have been largely unexplored at the molecular level. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of genipin on improving the reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption. Three groups of animals were fed under different conditions: control group (normal T cycle with saline), group of shortened T cycles (Light/Dark = 4 hours/4 hours) with saline, and a group of shortened T cycles with genipin by oral gavage. The male fertility was evaluated by fertility study and pups parameters analysis after successful sexual behavior and mating with female mice. We sacrificed the treated animals after 5 or 10 weeks and collected the testis, sperm and serum for histological analysis, sperm motility assay, and serum hormone detection, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of genipin was assessed by detection of progesterone secretion and steroidogenic key proteins expression, including StAR and CYP11A1, in mouse Leydig tumor MLTC-1 cells. RESULTS Male mice exposed to shortened light-dark cycles, much shorter than 24 hours, had reduced fertility with decreased sperm concentrations and sperm motility. Male mice under circadian disruption have reduced testis size and abnormal morphology, leading to lower fertility rates, reduced litter size and pup body weight. Treatment with exogenous genipin, a natural plant-derived compound, alleviated circadian disruption-induced damage to fertility and spermatogenesis and normalized testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (ASD) levels in the male mice. The levels of key proteins involved in steroidogenesis, StAR and CYP11A1, were reduced in mouse testes after the circadian disruption, but genipin treatment restored the reduction. The mRNA expression of SRD5A1, which encodes an androgen synthesis enzyme, was also upregulated by genipin treatment. Furthermore, genipin treatment showed a positive effect on steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells, resulting in an increase in hormone secretion and the upregulation of StAR and CYP11A1. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between circadian disruption and reproductive health problems in male mice and indicated that treatments with genipin have positive effects on the reproductive health of male mice with circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihua Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jie Di
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 210017, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Fibronectin induces capacitation-associated events through the endocannabinoid system in bull sperm. Theriogenology 2020; 153:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Kasman AM, Bhambhvani HP, Wilson-King G, Eisenberg ML. Assessment of the Association of Cannabis on Female Sexual Function With the Female Sexual Function Index. Sex Med 2020; 8:699-708. [PMID: 32713800 PMCID: PMC7691883 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cannabis use has increased in the last decade, and the impact of cannabis on female sexual function remains unclear. Aim To assess the impact of frequency of use, chemovar (tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, or both) type, and method of consumption on female sexual function among cannabis users. Methods Adults who visited a single-partner cannabis dispensary's locations were invited to participate in an uncompensated, anonymous online survey October 20, 2019 and March 12, 2020. The survey assessed baseline demographics, health status, cannabis use habits as well as used the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual function. Main Outcome Measure The main outcomes of this study are the total FSFI score (sexual dysfunction cutoff <26.55) and subdomain scores including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Results A total of 452 women responded with the majority between the ages of 30–49 years (54.7%) and in a relationship or married (81.6%). Of them,72.8% reported using cannabis more than 6 times per week, usually through smoking flower (46.7%). Women who reported more cannabis use, reported higher FSFI scores (29.0 vs 26.7 for lowest vs highest frequencies of reported use, P = .003). Moreover, an increase in cannabis use frequency by one additional use per week was associated with an increase in total FSFI (β = 0.61, P = .0004) and subdomains including desire domain (P = .02), arousal domain (P = .0002), orgasm domain (P = .002), and satisfaction domain (P = .003). For each additional step of cannabis use intensity (ie, times per week), the odds of reporting female sexual dysfunction declined by 21% (odds ratio: 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.92, P = .002). Method of consumption of cannabis and chemovar type did not consistently impact FSFI scores or odds of sexual dysfunction. Conclusion Increased frequency of marijuana use is associated with improved sexual function among female users, whereas chemovar type, method of consumption, and reason for use does not impact outcomes. Kasman AM, Bhambhvani HP, Wilson-King G, et al. Assessment of the Association of Cannabis on Female Sexual Function With the Female Sexual Function Index. Sex Med 2020;8:699–708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Kasman
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hriday P Bhambhvani
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Correia-Sá IB, Carvalho CM, Serrão PV, Loureiro AI, Fernandes-Lopes C, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. A new role for anandamide: defective link between the systemic and skin endocannabinoid systems in hypertrophic human wound healing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11134. [PMID: 32636441 PMCID: PMC7341842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids to treat fibrotic skin diseases is an emergent issue. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate systemic and skin endocannabinoid responses in the wound-healing process in humans. A prospective study was performed in 50 patients who underwent body-contouring surgery. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Ten (20%) patients developed hypertrophic (HT) scars. No significant changes were observed between the normal (N) scar and HT scar groups in terms of plasma and skin endocannabinoids. Nevertheless, a positive correlation between plasma and skin AEA concentrations was found in the N group (r = 0.38, p = 0.015), which was absent in the HT group. Moreover, the AEA concentration was significantly lower in HT scar tissue than in normal scar tissue (0.77 ± 0.12 ng/g vs 1.15 ± 0.15 ng/g, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in all patients, the surgical intervention produced a time-dependent effect with a U shape for AEA, PEA and OEA plasma concentrations. In contrast, 2-AG plasma concentrations increased 5 days after surgery and were reduced and stabilized 3 months later. These results suggest crosstalk between systemic and local skin endocannabinoid systems during human wound healing. AEA appears to be the most likely candidate for this link, which is deficient in patients with HT scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Loureiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes-Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Bruno R, Matthews A, Nichols DS. Simultaneous quantification of endocannabinoids, oleoylethanolamide and steroid hormones in human plasma and saliva. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122252. [PMID: 32615536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids are an increasingly intriguing target for biological research, given the changing legal status of medicinal cannabinoid-based products throughout the world. However, studying the endogenous cannabinoid system is a relatively new field, with few research teams attempting to develop quantitative methods for these important modulatory analytes in human matrices, other than blood. Here we develop and validate simultaneous methods for quantifying arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, oleoylethanolamide, cortisol and progesterone in human plasma and saliva using liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated over the linear concentration range 1-20 ng/mL for each analyte in plasma (R2 = 0.98-0.99) and saliva (R2 = 0.99). We find that salivary endogenous cannabinoids and cortisol are acutely responsive to exercise, suggesting that targeting the saliva system may present a convenient way for future research of endogenous cannabinoids. This finding also encourages a broader understanding of the endogenous cannabinoid system during stress responses, and our method may consequently lead to a better understanding of the role of endogenous cannabinoids in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Allison Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
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25
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Richardson P, Ortori C, Barrett D, O'Sullivan S, Idris I. Endocannabinoids in aqueous humour of patients with or without diabetes. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000425. [PMID: 32154372 PMCID: PMC7045208 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary aim was to determine endocannabinoid (EC) concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), oleoylethanolamine (OEA), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and anandamide (AEA) in the aqueous humour of patients, and to investigate any differences in gender and diabetic or ocular disease status. Methods and Analysis Adult participants (age >18 years) listed for a routine cataract surgery were recruited. For patients with diabetes, results from their most recent retinopathy grading were recorded. A sample of aqueous humour was removed from the anterior chamber of the patients and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Levels of 2-AG, PEA, OEA and AEA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Aqueous humour samples were taken from 93 patients (female:male=58:35), with a mean age±SD of 72.7±9.5 years. Following gender-specific analysis, the mean aqueous concentration of AEA in female patients without diabetes was significantly higher than in female patients with diabetes (0.20±0.03 nM vs 0.07±0.02 nM, p=0.001). Among female patients with diabetes, the aqueous concentration of 2-AG was higher in those with diabetic retinopathy compared with those with no retinopathy (0.30+0.16 nM vs 0.04±0.01 nM, p=0.0025). The aqueous level of the sum of EC was higher in those with ocular comorbidity (2.49±0.73 vs 1.44±0.17, p=0.0002). Conclusion There were gender, diabetes status and comorbidity differences in aqueous humour EC levels. Since EC receptors are present in ocular tissues, including the retina (neurons, glia and endothelial cells), differential levels of ECs in the aqueous humour of patients with and without diabetes may provide a novel therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Richardson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Catherine Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Dave Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Saoirse O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, Derbyshire, UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ilnitsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (Ilnitsky), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; The Fertility Clinic (Ilnitsky), London Health Sciences Centre; Division of Endocrinology (Van Uum), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
| | - Stan Van Uum
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (Ilnitsky), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; The Fertility Clinic (Ilnitsky), London Health Sciences Centre; Division of Endocrinology (Van Uum), Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
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27
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Ayakannu T, Taylor AH, Bari M, Mastrangelo N, Maccarrone M, Konje JC. Expression and Function of the Endocannabinoid Modulating Enzymes Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine-Specific Phospholipase D in Endometrial Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1363. [PMID: 31921630 PMCID: PMC6930916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concentrations of three N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and N-palmitylethanolamide (PEA) are increased in the endometria of women with endometrial cancer (EC). It is widely accepted that plasma levels of these three NAEs are regulated by the actions of the rate-limiting enzymes N-acylphoshatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which are synthesizing and degradative, respectively. The expression and activity of these enzymes have not previously been studied in EC. Methods: FAAH activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and transcript and protein expression for FAAH and NAPE-PLD in EC tissues were measured using enzyme, quantitative RT-PCR, and histomorphometry (of immunoreactive tissue sections), respectively. Samples were from 6 post-menopausal women with atrophic endometria (controls) and 34 women with histologically diagnosed EC. Concentrations of the three NAEs also measured in plasma and tissues were correlated with lymphocytic FAAH activity and the NAPE-PLD and FAAH transcript and protein levels. Results: Peripheral lymphocyte FAAH activity was unaffected in women with EC compared to controls. The FAAH transcript expression level was significantly (p < 0.0001) 75% lower in EC whilst NAPE-PLD levels were not significantly (p = 0.798) increased. In line with the transcript data, a significant (p < 0.0001) tumor type-dependent 70–90% decrease in FAAH protein and significant 4- to 14-fold increase in NAPE-PLD protein (p < 0.0001) was observed in the malignant tissue with more advanced disease having lower FAAH and higher NAPE-PLD expression than less advanced disease. Correlation analyses also confirmed that tissue NAE concentrations were inversely related to FAAH expression and directly correlated to NAPE-PLD expression and the NAPE-PLD/FAAH ratio. Conclusion: These data support our previous observation of tissue levels of AEA, OEA, and PEA and a role for NAE metabolism in the pathogenesis of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Bari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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28
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Oliveira AB, Ribeiro RT, Mello MT, Tufik S, Peres MFP. Anandamide Is Related to Clinical and Cardiorespiratory Benefits of Aerobic Exercise Training in Migraine Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:275-284. [PMID: 31872062 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since endocannabinoids have been implicated in migraine pathophysiology, we conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial to test the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on plasma anandamide (AEA) and its relation with clinical, psychological, and cardiorespiratory outcomes. Materials and Methods: Episodic migraine patients taking no preventive drugs and nonheadache individuals were recruited from Hospital São Paulo and a tertiary headache clinic between March 2012 and March 2015. Participants were randomly assigned to receive aerobic exercise or enter the waitlist. Primary outcome was changes in plasma AEA; secondary outcome was number of days with migraine/month; and other clinical variables, mood scores, and cardiorespiratory fitness were chosen as tertiary outcomes. Measurements were taken on headache-free days. Data were analyzed by generalized linear models. Discussion: Fifty participants concluded the study (mean±SD age=36.2±10.9, and BMI=26.5±4.5). The plasma AEA reduced in migraine exercise (p<0.05) and control exercise groups (p<0.01). The number of days with migraine (p<0.01), migraine attacks (p<0.05), and abortive medication used (p<0.05) reduced in the migraine exercise group, whereas cardiorespiratory fitness increased in migraine exercise and control exercise groups (both p<0.05). Anxiety, depression, anger, and fatigue scores improved in the migraine exercise group (p<0.05 for all). Significant correlations between reduction in abortive medication used and cardiorespiratory fitness (r=-0.81 p<0.001), and reduced AEA (r=0.68 p<0.05) were found. Conclusions: This study suggests that peripheral AEA metabolism may be partly linked to the clinical and cardiorespiratory benefits of regular aerobic exercise in migraine patients. Trials registration: #NCT01972607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arão Belitardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Tulio Mello
- Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Fernando Prieto Peres
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do Cérebro, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tanaka K, Mayne L, Khalil A, Baartz D, Eriksson L, Mortlock SA, Montgomery G, McKinnon B, Amoako AA. The role of the endocannabinoid system in aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis: A potential therapeutic target. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 244:87-94. [PMID: 31785471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis affects a large proportion of women during their reproductive years and is associated with pain and infertility, also affecting psychological wellbeing and quality of life. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, although it is believed to be multifactorial. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of a number of ligands, receptors and enzymes, and has gained interests in endometriosis research. This review aims to summarise all available evidence reporting the roles of the ECS in endometriosis. A literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic medical databases was performed. Original and review articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. No publication date or publication status restrictions were imposed. Significant differences in the concentrations and expressions of the components of the ECS were reported in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and the systemic circulation of women with endometriosis compared to controls. Endometriosis appears to be associated with downregulation of CB1 receptors and upregulation of TRPV1 receptors. The role of CB1 and progesterone in anti-inflammatory action and the role of TRPV1 in inflammation and pain are of particular interests. Furthermore, the ECS has been reported to be involved in processes relevant to endometriosis, including cell migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and interacts with sex steroid hormones. The ECS may play a role in disease establishment, progression, and pain in endometriosis. However, reports are based on studies of limited size and there are inconsistencies among the definition of their control groups. There are also conflicting reports regarding precise involvement of the ECS in endometriosis. Future research with larger numbers, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and detailed clinical information is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leah Mayne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Akram Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Baartz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lars Eriksson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Library, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Akwasi A Amoako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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30
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Sabatucci A, Simonetti M, Tortolani D, Angelucci CB, Dainese E, Maccarrone M. Role of Steroids on the Membrane Binding Ability of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:42-50. [PMID: 30944869 PMCID: PMC6446164 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound homodimeric enzyme that gets in contact with a lipophilic substrate in the lipid bilayer, and then cleaves it into water soluble products. FAAH plays a critical role in modulating in vivo content and biological activity of endocannabinoids (eCBs), and its function is affected by membrane lipids. Increasing evidence suggests that also steroids can modulate endocannabinoid signaling, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Methods: In this study, we interrogated the effect of six steroids with relevant biological activity (testosterone, hydrocortisone, estradiol, pregnenolone, progesterone, and cortisone) on the membrane binding ability of rat FAAH. The experimental data analysis obtained by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Spectroscopy was paralleled by computational docking analysis. Results: Our data revealed distinct effects of the different steroids on the interaction of rat FAAH with model membranes. Among them, pregnenolone was found to be the most effective in raising rat FAAH affinity for model membranes. A possible binding pocket for steroid molecules was identified by docking analysis in the membrane-embedded region of the enzyme; such a pocket could account for the observed increase of the membrane affinity in the presence of the tested molecules. Conclusions: Overall, the results point to steroids as new regulators of FAAH interaction with membranes, which may impact the biological activity of eCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Sabatucci
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monica Simonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience, and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Dong C, Chen J, Harrington A, Vinod KY, Hegde ML, Hegde VL. Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy and its impact on immune function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:729-743. [PMID: 30374520 PMCID: PMC6632091 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are the most commonly abused illicit drugs worldwide. While cannabis can be beneficial for certain heath conditions, abuse of potent synthetic cannabinoids has been on the rise. Exposure to cannabinoids is also prevalent in women of child-bearing age and pregnant women. These compounds can cross the placental barrier and directly affect the fetus. They mediate their effects primarily through G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. In addition to significant neurological effects, cannabinoids can trigger robust immunomodulation by altering cytokine levels, causing apoptosis of lymphoid cells and inducing suppressor cells of the immune system. Profound effects of cannabinoids on the immune system as discussed in this review, suggest that maternal exposure during pregnancy could lead to dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune system of developing fetus and offspring potentially leading to weakening of immune defenses against infections and cancer later in life. Emerging evidence also indicates the underlying role of epigenetic mechanisms causing long-lasting impact following cannabinoid exposure in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dong
- School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Amy Harrington
- School of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - K Yaragudri Vinod
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Emotional Brain Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine and Research Institute, The Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6550 Fannin St, Smith 08-077, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Academic Medicine and Research Institute, The Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), 6550 Fannin St, Smith 08-077, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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32
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Decreased Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Patients with Adenomyosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5468954. [PMID: 30800671 PMCID: PMC6360557 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5468954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective Adenomyosis is a common gynecologic benign disease that may have a life-long negative impact on women. Previous studies have indicated that the endocannabinoid system may participate in the progress of endometriosis. Our research aims to analyze the expression patterns of the typical cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the main constituents of the endocannabinoid system, in endometrial samples derived from patients diagnosed as adenomyosis or not. Methods Eutopic and corresponding ectopic endometrium from 45 premenopausal women diagnosed as adenomyosis and normal endometrium from 34 age-matched women lacking evidence of adenomyosis were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine the CB1 and CB2 expression levels. Results In either the proliferative or the secretory phase, CB1 and CB2 protein and mRNA levels were both significantly lower in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis when compared with normal endometrium. For women with adenomyosis, CB1 and CB2 protein and mRNA levels were much lower in the ectopic endometrium than the eutopic in both phases of the cycle. Both CB1 and CB2 protein and mRNA levels were increased during the secretory phase in normal endometrium, while CB1 lost its cyclic variation in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients diagnosed as adenomyosis. Conclusion The decreased expression of CB1 and CB2 in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients diagnosed as adenomyosis suggests that cannabinoid receptors may participate in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
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33
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Walker OLS, Holloway AC, Raha S. The role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:3. [PMID: 30646937 PMCID: PMC6332911 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the role of endocannabinoids as critical modulators of the female reproductive processes. Endocannabinoids are natural ligands of cannabinoid, vanilloid, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Together with their receptors, enzymes and downstream signaling targets, they form the endocannabinoid system (ECS). While the ECS is known to modulate pain and neurodevelopment, it is also known to impact the female reproductive system where it affects folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovarian endocrine secretion. In addition, the ECS affects oviductal embryo transport, implantation, uterine decidualization and placentation. There is a complex interplay between the ECS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and an intricate crosstalk between the ECS and steroid hormone production and secretion. Exogenous cannabinoids, derived from plants such as Cannabis sativa, are also ligands for cannabinoid receptors. These have been shown to have clinical outcomes related to ECS dysregulation, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, along with adverse effects on female reproduction. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss data from human, animal, and in vitro studies that support the important role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues and processes. In particular, we will discuss some of the mechanisms by which endocannabinoid signaling can affect ovarian function in both physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- O’ Llenecia S. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N11H, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N52A, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N11H, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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34
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Chanda D, Neumann D, Glatz JFC. The endocannabinoid system: Overview of an emerging multi-faceted therapeutic target. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:51-56. [PMID: 30553404 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG) are endogenous lipid mediators that exert protective roles in pathophysiological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. In this brief review, we provide a conceptual framework linking endocannabinoid signaling to the control of the cellular and molecular hallmarks, and categorize the key components of endocannabinoid signaling that may serve as targets for novel therapeutics. The emerging picture not only reinforces endocannabinoids as potent regulators of cellular metabolism but also reveals that endocannabinoid signaling is mechanistically more complex and diverse than originally thought.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Autocrine Communication
- Cells/metabolism
- Dronabinol/pharmacology
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Glycerides/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Paracrine Communication
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Chanda
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Current affiliation: Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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35
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Zbucka-Kretowska M, Zbucki R, Parfieniuk E, Maslyk M, Lazarek U, Miltyk W, Czerniecki J, Wolczynski S, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Evaluation of Bisphenol A influence on endocannabinoid system in pregnant women. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:387-392. [PMID: 29627605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical widely used in the industry, which may potentially evoke negative effects on human health, especially on reproductive processes and fetal development. BPA has been reported to act on estrogen, estrogen-related, androgen, thyroid hormone, pregnane X, peroxisome proliferation-activated, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. However, other potential mechanisms of BPA action on pregnancy cannot be excluded. Comprehensive evaluation of BPA effect on pregnant women can be performed by use of metabolomics. In the present study LC-MS-based plasma metabolomics was performed in the group of pregnant women with known concentrations of free, conjugated and total BPA. Significant positive correlations were observed between several endocannabinoids (fatty acid amides) and free (r = 0.307-0.557, p-value = 0.05-0.00002) and total (r = 0.413-0.519, p-value = 0.008-0.00006) BPA concentrations. Palmitoleamide was positively correlated with conjugated (r = 0.348, p-value = 0.05) while lysophosphatidylethanolamine 18:0 with free (r = 0.519, p-value = 0.00006) BPA concentration. The docking calculations of BPA and fatty acid amide hydrolase (enzyme degrading endocannabinoids, FAAH) indicated that it can act as a competitive inhibitor by blocking FAAH catalytic residues. In vitro study showed that BPA moderately inhibits FAAH activity (15% decrease for 200 ng mL-1 and almost 50% for 200 μg mL-1 of BPA). In the present study for the first time inhibitory potential of BPA on FAAH hydrolase is reported. Inhibition of FAAH may lead to a rise of plasma endocannabinoids level. BPA exposure and increased level of endocannabinoids are miscarriage risk factors. Based on obtained results it can be hypothesized that BPA may induce adverse pregnancy outcomes by acting on endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zbucka-Kretowska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Zbucki
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Parfieniuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Maslyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Lazarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-522 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Czerniecki
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
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36
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Correa F, Wolfson ML, Valchi P, Aisemberg J, Franchi AM. Endocannabinoid system and pregnancy. Reproduction 2017; 152:R191-R200. [PMID: 27798285 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (eCS), is a complex system, comprising the main endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and the biosynthetic and degrading enzymes. Cumulative evidence shows that the eCS plays an important role in reproduction, from egg fertilization to parturition. Therefore, alterations in this system, either by recreation/therapeutic use of cannabis or deregulation of the endogenous cannabinoids, might lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including retardation in embryo development, poor blastocyst implantation, inhibition of decidualization, miscarriage and compromised placentation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which the eCS participates in different stages of pregnancy remain poorly understood. In this review, we will examine the evidence from animal and human studies to support the role of the eCS in implantation, early-to-late pregnancy and placentation as well as the difficulties of targeting this system for treatment of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Correa
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical StudiesNational Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel L Wolfson
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical StudiesNational Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Valchi
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical StudiesNational Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Aisemberg
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical StudiesNational Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Franchi
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical StudiesNational Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang D, Hong X, Tao Y, Wang S, Xu Y, Piao H, Yin W, Yu M, Zhang Y, Fu Q, Li D, Chang X, Du M. Tim-3 signaling in peripheral NK cells promotes maternal-fetal immune tolerance and alleviates pregnancy loss. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/498/eaah4323. [PMID: 28951537 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss occurs in about 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies, and defective maternal-fetal immune tolerance contributes to more than 50% of these events. We found that signaling by the type I membrane protein T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) in natural killer (NK) cells had an essential protective role during early pregnancy. Tim-3 on peripheral NK (pNK) cells was transiently increased in abundance during the first trimester of pregnancy, which depended on interleukin-4 (IL-4)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and progesterone signaling. Tim-3+ pNK cells displayed immunosuppressive activities, including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-dependent manner. Tim-3 on pNK cells was stimulated by its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9), leading to signaling by the kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AKT. In recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients, Tim-3 abundance on pNK cells was reduced and the immunosuppressive activity of Tim-3+ pNK cells was impaired. Compared to Tim-3+ pNK cells from donors with normal pregnancies, RM patient Tim-3+ pNK cells exhibited changes in DNA accessibility in certain genetic loci, which were reversed by inhibiting accessible chromatin reader proteins. Furthermore, Tim-3+ pNK cells, but not Tim-3- pNK cells, reduced fetal loss in abortion-prone and NK cell-deficient mice. Together, our findings reveal a critical role for Tim-3-Gal-9 signaling-mediated immunoregulation by pNK cells in maternal-fetal immune tolerance and suggest that Tim-3 abundance on pNK cells is a potential biomarker for RM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaowu Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Songcun Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hailan Piao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weijie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Yu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Center, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Bilgic E, Guzel E, Kose S, Aydin MC, Karaismailoglu E, Akar I, Usubutun A, Korkusuz P. Endocannabinoids modulate apoptosis in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:523-532. [PMID: 28549792 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenomyosis that is a form of endometriosis is the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue within the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium), which may cause dysmenorrhea and infertility. Endocannabinoid mediated apoptotic mechanisms of endometriosis and adenomyosis are not known. We hypothesized that the down regulation of endocannabinoid receptors and/or alteration in their regulatory enzymes may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis through apoptosis. Endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, their synthesizing and catabolizing enzymes (FAAH, NAPE-PLD, DAGL, MAGL) and the apoptotic indexes were immunohistochemically assessed in endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues. Findings were compared to normal endometrium and myometrium. Endometrial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) and ovarian endometriosis cyst wall stromal (CRL-7566) cell lines were furthermore cultured with or without cannabinoid receptor agonists. The IC50 value for CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists was quantified. Cannabinoid agonists on cell death were investigated by Annexin-V/Propidium iodide labeling with flow cytometry. CB1 and CB2 receptor levels decreased in endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues compared to the control group (p=0,001 and p=0,001). FAAH, NAPE-PLD, MAGL and DAGL enzyme levels decreased in endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues compared to control (p=0,001, p=0,001, p=0,001 and p=0,002 respectively). Apoptotic cell indexes both in endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues also decreased significantly, compared to the control group (p=0,001 and p=0,001). CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist mediated dose dependent fast anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were detected in Ishikawa and ovarian endometriosis cyst wall stromal cell lines (CRL-7566). Endocannabinoids are suggested to increase apoptosis mechanisms in endometriosis and adenomyosis. CB1 and CB2 antagonists can be considered as potential medical therapeutic agents for endometriosis and adenomyosis.
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Cui N, Yang Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Jiang L, Hao G. Decreased expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:368-372. [PMID: 28132572 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1269742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between endocannabinoids and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the expression levels of endocannabinoids in different phases of menstruation. The expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the endometrium were immunohistochemically stained and compared between women with PCOS and the control group. Integrated optical density (IOD) was assessed to analyze their expression levels. The CB1 and FAAH were expressed in endometrial epithelial cytoplasm. No significant difference in CB1 level was observed between PCOS and non-PCOS women. Additionally, the expression of CB1 did not fluctuate with menstrual cycle. However, the FAAH levels were lower in the PCOS group than the non-PCOS group (p < 0.05). FAAH levels in secretory phases were significantly elevated compared to menstrual and proliferative phases (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system may play an important role in menstruation, and dysregulation of the system may result in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yueming Xu
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Guimin Hao
- a Department of Reproduction , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
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Cui N, Wang C, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Hao G. The Roles of Anandamide, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor on the Endometrium during the Implantation Window. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:268. [PMID: 29085337 PMCID: PMC5650704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the endometrium of unexplained infertility (UI) patients, and effect of anandamide (AEA) on leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). METHODS Patients were divided into UI and control groups. Endometrium samples were collected at the midluteal phase. Levels of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and LIF were examined. LIF productions were measured after AEA, CB1 antagonist AM251, and CB2 antagonist AM630 stimulation. RESULTS Rates of available embryo, successful implantation and pregnancy, and the endometrial thickness of UI group were significantly lower than control, suggesting uterine receptivity was decreased in UI group. FAAH and LIF levels were significantly decreased, whereas endometrial CB1 was slightly increased in UI group. LIF production was promoted by low amount of AEA administration (1-10 μM), while the promotion was reduced by higher concentration of AEA (50 μM). LIF levels were decreased by AM251 or AM630, compared with AEA alone. Expressions of FAAH and LIF were closely associated with uterus receptivity and implantation rate of UI patients. Different concentrations of AEA could stimulate dynamic changes in LIF production. CONCLUSION Our data indicated the important role of the ECS in human fertility, which may promote new strategies for successful implantation and treatments for reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Na Cui, ; Guimin Hao,
| | - Changyan Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Handan Center Hospital of Hebei Province, Handan, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yueming Xu
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Na Cui, ; Guimin Hao,
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Apolipoprotein A1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 implicated in the regulation of embryo implantation by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:635-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gervasi MG, Osycka-Salut C, Sanchez T, Alonso CAI, Llados C, Castellano L, Franchi AM, Villalón M, Perez-Martinez S. Sperm Release From the Oviductal Epithelium Depends on Ca(2+) Influx Upon Activation of CB1 and TRPV1 by Anandamide. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:320-33. [PMID: 26129689 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oviduct acts as a functional sperm reservoir in many mammalian species. Both binding and release of spermatozoa from the oviductal epithelium are mainly modulated by sperm capacitation. Several molecules from oviductal fluid are involved in the regulation of sperm function. Anandamide is a lipid mediator involved in reproductive physiology. Previously, we demonstrated that anandamide, through activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), promotes sperm release from bovine oviductal epithelial cells, and through CB1 and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), induces sperm capacitation. Herein we investigate co-activation between CB1 and TRPV1, and Ca(2+) influx as part of the mechanism of action of anandamide during sperm release from oviductal cells. Our results indicate that in the absence of Ca(2+) anandamide failed to release spermatozoa from oviductal epithelial cells. Additionally, sperm release promoted by cannabinoid and vanilloid agonists was abolished when the spermatozoa were preloaded with BAPTA-AM, a Ca(2+) chelator. We also determined Ca(2+) levels in spermatozoa preloaded with FURA2-AM co-cultured with oviductal cells and incubated with different cannabinoid and vanilloid agonists. The incubation with different agonists induced Ca(2+) influx, which was abolished by CB1 or TRPV1 antagonists. Our results also suggest that a phospholypase C (PLC) might mediate the activation of CB1 and TRPV1 in sperm release from the bovine oviduct. Therefore, our findings indicate that anandamide, through CB1 and TRPV1 activation, is involved in sperm release from the oviductal reservoir. An increase of sperm Ca(2+) levels and the PLC activation might be involved in anandamide signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Gervasi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - C Osycka-Salut
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - T Sanchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A I Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - C Llados
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Castellano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
| | - M Villalón
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Perez-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires-Argentina
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Ligresti A, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1593-659. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive pro-homeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Wolfson ML, Muzzio DO, Ehrhardt J, Franchi AM, Zygmunt M, Jensen F. Expression analysis of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 in B cells during pregnancy and their role on cytokine production. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 116:23-7. [PMID: 27163857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system consists in a family of lipids that binds to and activates cannabinoid receptors. There are two receptors so far described, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). In the context of pregnancy, the endocannabinoid system was shown participates in different key aspects of reproductive events. B-lymphocytes are pleiotropic cells belonging to the adaptive arm of the immune system. Besides immunoglobulin production, B-lymphocytes were recently shown to be actively involved in antigen presentation as well as cytokine production, thus playing a central role in immunity. In this study we first aimed to characterize the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in B cells during pregnancy and then analyze the impact of their activation in term of cytokine production by B cells from pregnant and non-pregnant mice. We observed that the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in B-lymphocytes is differentially regulated during pregnancy. While CB2 expression is down regulated CB1 is augmented in B-lymphocytes of pregnant mice. Additionally, the treatment of activated B-lymphocytes with specific CB1 and CB2 agonists, showed a different response in term of cytokine production. Particularly, CB1 against boosted the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by activated B-lymphocytes from pregnant mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wolfson
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Pregnancy and Labor, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, National Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D O Muzzio
- Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Ehrhardt
- Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A M Franchi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Pregnancy and Labor, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, National Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Zygmunt
- Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Jensen
- Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Laboratory for Immunology of Pregnancy, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Health Sciences, National University Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ernst J, Grabiec U, Greither T, Fischer B, Dehghani F. The endocannabinoid system in the human granulosa cell line KGN. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 423:67-76. [PMID: 26773729 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian steroidogenesis is embedded in a sensitive network of regulatory mechanisms crucial for human fertility. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents an intrinsic modulating system involved in the regulation of endocrine functions. In the present study we characterized the ECS in the human granulosa cell line KGN and its impact on gonadotropin sensitivity and steroid hormone synthesis under basal and FSH-stimulated conditions. Expression studies were performed and estradiol was measured. CB1, CB2, DAGL, FAAH, GPR55, MAGL, NAPE-PLD and TRPV1 were expressed without FSH-dependent effects. Treatment with selective cannabinoid receptor agonists reduced basal but not FSH-stimulated estradiol and CYP19. Progesterone was not altered by ECS manipulation. CB1 agonist changed the expression of miRNAs associated with granulosa cell function, e.g. miR-23a, miR-24, miR-181a and miR-320a. Present data indicate a modulating role of the intrinsic ovarian ECS in the regulation of estradiol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ernst
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Urszula Grabiec
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernd Fischer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sanchez AM, Cioffi R, Viganò P, Candiani M, Verde R, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Garavaglia E, Panina-Bordignon P. Elevated Systemic Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1071-9. [PMID: 26887427 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116630414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids and modulators of the endocannabinoid system affect specific mechanisms that are critical to the establishment and development of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to measure the systemic levels of endocannabinoids and related mediators in women with and without endometriosis and to investigate whether such levels correlated with endometriosis-associated pain. Plasma and endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 27) and no endometrial pathology (n = 29). Plasma levels of endocannabinoids (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]) and related mediators (N-oleoylethanolamine [OEA] and N-palmitoylethanolamine [PEA]), messenger RNA expression of some of their receptors (cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1], CB2, transient receptor potential vanilloid type [TRPV1]), and the enzymes involved in the synthesis (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D [NAPE-PLD]) and degradation (fatty acid amide hydrolase 1 [FAAH]) of AEA, OEA, and PEA were evaluated in endometrial stromal cells. The systemic levels of AEA, 2-AG, and OEA were elevated in endometriosis in the secretory phase compared to controls. The expression of CB1 was higher in secretory phase endometrial stromal cells of controls versus endometriosis. Similar expression levels of CB2, TRPV1, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH were detected in controls and endometriosis. Patients with moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia showed higher AEA and PEA levels than those with low-to-moderate pain symptoms, respectively. The association of increased circulating AEA and 2-AG with decreased local CB1 expression in endometriosis suggests a negative feedback loop regulation, which may impair the capability of these mediators to control pain. These preliminary data suggest that the pharmacological manipulation of the action or levels of these mediators may offer an alternative option for the management of endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Sanchez
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cioffi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Qiao Y, Wen J, Tang F, Martell S, Shomer N, Leung PCK, Stephenson MD, Rajcan-Separovic E. Whole exome sequencing in recurrent early pregnancy loss. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:364-72. [PMID: 26826164 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Exome sequencing can identify genetic causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). STUDY FINDING We identified compound heterozygous deleterious mutations affecting DYNC2H1 and ALOX15 in two out of four families with RPL. Both genes have a role in early development. Bioinformatics analysis of all genes with rare and putatively pathogenic mutations in miscarriages and couples showed enrichment in pathways relevant to pregnancy loss, including the complement and coagulation cascades pathways. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Next generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being used to identify known and novel gene mutations in children with developmental delay and in fetuses with ultrasound-detected anomalies. In contrast, NGS is rarely used to study pregnancy loss. Chromosome microarray analysis detects putatively causative DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in ∼2% of miscarriages and CNVs of unknown significance (predominantly parental in origin) in up to 40% of miscarriages. Therefore, a large number of miscarriages still have an unknown cause. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform on seven euploid miscarriages from four families with RPL. Golden Helix SVS v8.1.5 was used for data assessment and inheritance analysis for deleterious DNA variants predicted to severely disrupt protein-coding genes by introducing a frameshift, loss of the stop codon, gain of the stop codon, changes in splicing or the initial codon. Webgestalt (http://bioinfo.vanderbilt.edu/webgestalt/) was used for pathway and disease association enrichment analysis of a gene pool containing putatively pathogenic variants in miscarriages and couples in comparison to control gene pools. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compound heterozygous mutations in DYNC2H1 and ALOX15 were identified in miscarriages from two families with RPL. DYNC2H1 is involved in cilia biogenesis and has been associated with fetal lethality in humans. ALOX15 is expressed in placenta and its dysregulation has been associated with inflammation, placental, dysfunction, abnormal oxidative stress response and angiogenesis. The pool of putatively pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) detected in the miscarriages showed enrichment in 'complement and coagulation cascades pathway', and 'ciliary motility disorders'. We conclude that CNVs, individual SNVs and pool of deleterious gene mutations identified by exome sequencing could contribute to RPL. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The size of our sample cohort is small. The functional effect of candidate mutations should be evaluated to determine whether the mutations are causative. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to assess whether SNVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of miscarriage. Furthermore, our findings suggest that collective effect of mutations in relevant biological pathways could be implicated in RPL. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant MOP 106467) and Michael Smith Foundation of Health Research Career Scholar salary award to ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiadi Wen
- University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Flamingo Tang
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naomi Shomer
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 2 K5
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- University of Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Martins CJDM, Genelhu V, Pimentel MMG, Celoria BMJ, Mangia RF, Aveta T, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V, Francischetti EA. Circulating Endocannabinoids and the Polymorphism 385C>A in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Gene May Identify the Obesity Phenotype Related to Cardiometabolic Risk: A Study Conducted in a Brazilian Population of Complex Interethnic Admixture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142728. [PMID: 26561012 PMCID: PMC4641669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system is associated with cardiometabolic complications of obesity. Allelic variants in coding genes for this system components may contribute to differences in the susceptibility to obesity and related health hazards. These data have mostly been shown in Caucasian populations and in severely obese individuals. We investigated a multiethnic Brazilian population to study the relationships among the polymorphism 385C>A in an endocannabinoid degrading enzyme gene (FAAH), endocannabinoid levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Fasting plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, N-oleoylethanolamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 200 apparently healthy individuals of both genders with body mass indices from 22.5 ± 1.8 to 35.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 (mean ± 1 SD) and ages between 18 and 60 years. All were evaluated for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic variables, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and genotyping. The endocannabinoid levels increased as a function of obesity and insulin resistance. The homozygous genotype AA was associated with higher levels of anandamide and lower levels of adiponectin versus wild homozygous CC and heterozygotes combined. The levels of anandamide were independent and positively associated with the genotype AA position 385 of FAAH, C-reactive protein levels and body mass index. Our findings provide evidence for an endocannabinoid-related phenotype that may be identified by the combination of circulating anandamide levels with genotyping of the FAAH 385C>A; this phenotype is not exclusive to mono-ethnoracial populations nor to individuals with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyro José de Moraes Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virginia Genelhu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pro-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Education, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Miguel Jorge Celoria
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Fabris Mangia
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teresa Aveta
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli NA, Italy
| | - Emilio Antonio Francischetti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology (CLINEX), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Pro-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Education, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Comba C, Bastu E, Dural O, Yasa C, Keskin G, Ozsurmeli M, Buyru F, Serdaroglu H. Role of inflammatory mediators in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1467-74.e1. [PMID: 26368793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, IFN-γ, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in precisely-timed blood and endometrial tissue samples from women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty-one women with RPL and 20 women with proven fertility (controls). INTERVENTION(S) Primary endometrial cells and blood samples during the midsecretory phase (days 19-23). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Detection of IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, ICAM-1, LIF, and MIF via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both blood and endometrial tissue samples. RESULT(S) The blood and tissue levels of IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ were statistically significantly higher, and the blood and tissue levels of LIF and MIF were statistically significantly lower in patients with RPL. Only the level of tissue ICAM-1 was higher in patients with RPL. There was a strong correlation between blood and tissue level measurements of IL-12, IL-18, LIF, and MIF. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammatory processes may contribute to pregnancy loss, possibly through their role in implantation. We found that blood and tissue levels of IL-18, LIF, and MIF, and tissue levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and ICAM-1 have statistically significant prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Comba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bastu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Dural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Yasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Keskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozsurmeli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Buyru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Serdaroglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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