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Nguélé AT, Carrara C, Mozzicafreddo M, Chen H, Piersanti A, Salum SS, Ali SM, Miceli C. Association between Food or Nutrients and Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Helminth-Infected Women of Reproductive Age from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Nutrients 2024; 16:1266. [PMID: 38732513 PMCID: PMC11085056 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiota is recognised as one strategy for preventing and fighting diseases. While the significant impact of diet on the gut microbiota's composition and function has been extensively researched, there is a notable lack of studies on the interactions between diet, microbiota, and helminth infections. Here, we used a combination of self-reported food intake and a 16S rDNA sequencing approach to analyse the composition of the gut microbiota in women of reproductive age from the two main islands of the Zanzibar archipelago, where helminth infections are endemic. We also applied a Spearman correlation analysis to food/nutrients and gut microbiota. Our results reveal that, despite close ethnic and cultural ties, the participants' gut microbiota differs depending on their location. A nutrient intake analysis revealed deficiencies in minerals and vitamins, indicating an imbalanced diet. A correlation analysis identified bacterial taxa consistently correlated with specific food or nutrients in healthy women from both locations, and in two types of helminth infections. Escherichia/Shigella abundances, usually associated with Trichuris trichiura infection, consistently correlated with insufficient levels of vitamins B2 and B12. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the increased consumption of specific food like cassava and fish, as well as essential nutrients such as calcium, B vitamins, and vitamin A, may modulate the gut microbiota of populations residing in regions where helminth infections are endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Toussaint Nguélé
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Chiara Carrara
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Hongliang Chen
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Salum Seif Salum
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar 146, Tanzania;
| | - Said M. Ali
- Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 122, Tanzania;
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
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Tagliamonte S, Puhlmann ML, De Filippis F, Guerville M, Ercolini D, Vitaglione P. Relationships between diet and gut microbiome in an Italian and Dutch cohort: does the dietary protein to fiber ratio play a role? Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:741-750. [PMID: 38151533 PMCID: PMC10948488 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between the habitual diet, the protein to fiber ratio (P/F), and the gut microbiome in one Italian and one Dutch cohort of healthy subjects consuming an omnivore diet. METHODS The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m2, age 25.4 ± 0.96 years) and 20 females (F_IT, BMI 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age 23.8 ± 0.54 years); the Dutch cohort included 30 females (F_NL, BMI: 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age: 23.8 ± 0.54 years). Individual diets were recorded through Food Frequency Questionnaires and analyzed to assess the nutrient composition. Gut microbiome was assessed in fecal samples. RESULTS M_IT consumed higher levels of proteins than F_NL and F_IT, whereas dietary fiber intake did not differ among groups. Data showed that consumption of plant protein to animal protein (PP/AP) and PP to total proteins ratio can determine a differentiation of F_NL more than the absolute amount of dietary fiber. Conversely, the protein to fiber (P/F) and AP to total proteins better characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest abundance of proteolytic microorganisms and the lowest microbial gene richness. Conversely, F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Roseburia sp., Coprococcus eutactus and Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness. It was predicted that by each unit decrease in the P/F a 3% increase in gene richness occurred. CONCLUSION Study findings suggested that dietary P/F, rather than the absolute amount of dietary fiber, could contribute to the shaping of the microbiome towards a more proteolytic or fiber-degrading gut ecosystem. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier NCT04205045-01-10-2018, retrospectively registered. Dutch Trial Register NTR7531-05-10-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliamonte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marie-Luise Puhlmann
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathilde Guerville
- Nutrition Department, Lactalis Research and Development, 35240, Retiers, France
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, Italy.
- Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Manrique P, Montero I, Fernandez-Gosende M, Martinez N, Cantabrana CH, Rios-Covian D. Past, present, and future of microbiome-based therapies. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:23. [PMID: 38841413 PMCID: PMC11149097 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Technological advances in studying the human microbiome in depth have enabled the identification of microbial signatures associated with health and disease. This confirms the crucial role of microbiota in maintaining homeostasis and the host health status. Nowadays, there are several ways to modulate the microbiota composition to effectively improve host health; therefore, the development of therapeutic treatments based on the gut microbiota is experiencing rapid growth. In this review, we summarize the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of infectious disease and cancer, which are two of the main targets of microbiome-based therapies currently being developed. We analyze the two-way interaction between the gut microbiota and traditional drugs in order to emphasize the influence of gut microbial composition on drug effectivity and treatment response. We explore the different strategies currently available for modulating this ecosystem to our benefit, ranging from 1st generation intervention strategies to more complex 2nd generation microbiome-based therapies and their regulatory framework. Lastly, we finish with a quick overview of what we believe is the future of these strategies, that is 3rd generation microbiome-based therapies developed with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.
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Valentino V, Magliulo R, Farsi D, Cotter PD, O'Sullivan O, Ercolini D, De Filippis F. Fermented foods, their microbiome and its potential in boosting human health. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14428. [PMID: 38393607 PMCID: PMC10886436 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods (FFs) are part of the cultural heritage of several populations, and their production dates back 8000 years. Over the last ~150 years, the microbial consortia of many of the most widespread FFs have been characterised, leading in some instances to the standardisation of their production. Nevertheless, limited knowledge exists about the microbial communities of local and traditional FFs and their possible effects on human health. Recent findings suggest they might be a valuable source of novel probiotic strains, enriched in nutrients and highly sustainable for the environment. Despite the increasing number of observational studies and randomised controlled trials, it still remains unclear whether and how regular FF consumption is linked with health outcomes and enrichment of the gut microbiome in health-associated species. This review aims to sum up the knowledge about traditional FFs and their associated microbiomes, outlining the role of fermentation with respect to boosting nutritional profiles and attempting to establish a link between FF consumption and health-beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Valentino
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Raffaele Magliulo
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
- NBFC‐National Biodiversity Future CenterPalermoItaly
| | - Dominic Farsi
- Department of Food BiosciencesTeagasc Food Research CentreMooreparkFermoyIreland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food BiosciencesTeagasc Food Research CentreMooreparkFermoyIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandNational University of IrelandCorkIreland
- VistaMilk, FermoyCorkIreland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Department of Food BiosciencesTeagasc Food Research CentreMooreparkFermoyIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandNational University of IrelandCorkIreland
- VistaMilk, FermoyCorkIreland
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
- NBFC‐National Biodiversity Future CenterPalermoItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
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Dapa T, Xavier KB. Effect of diet on the evolution of gut commensal bacteria. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2369337. [PMID: 38904092 PMCID: PMC11195494 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2369337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, comprising trillions of diverse microorganisms inhabiting the intestines of animals, forms a complex and indispensable ecosystem with profound implications for the host's well-being. Its functions include contributing to developing the host's immune response, aiding in nutrient digestion, synthesizing essential compounds, acting as a barrier against pathogen invasion, and influencing the development or regression of various pathologies. The dietary habits of the host directly impact this intricate community of gut microbes. Diet influences the composition and function of the gut microbiota through alterations in gene expression, enzymatic activity, and metabolome. While the impact of diet on gut ecology is well-established, the investigation into the relationship between dietary consumption and microbial genotypic diversity has been limited. This review provides an overview of the relationship between diet and gut microbiota, emphasizing the impact of host nutrition on both short- and long-term evolution in the mammalian gut. It is evident that the evolution of the gut microbiota occurs even on short timescales through the acquisition of novel mutations, within the gut bacteria of individual hosts. Consequently, we discuss the importance of considering alterations in bacterial genomic diversity when analyzing microbiota-dependent effects on host physiology. Future investigations into the various microbiota-related traits shall greatly benefit from a deeper understanding of commensal bacterial evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Dapa
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University/CSIC/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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Mullish BH, Tohumcu E, Porcari S, Fiorani M, Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation in chronic noncommunicable disorders. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103034. [PMID: 37087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in influencing several pathways and functions involved in human health, including metabolism, protection against infection, and immune regulation. Perturbation of the gut microbiome is recognised as a pathogenic factor in several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, and is increasingly considered as a therapeutic target in these conditions. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of the microbiota from healthy screened stool donors into the gut of affected patients, and is a well-established and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite the mechanisms of efficacy of FMT not being fully understood, it has been investigated in several chronic noncommunicable disorders, with variable results. This review aims to give an overview of mechanisms of efficacy of FMT in chronic noncommunicable disorders, and to paint the current landscape of its investigation in these medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic liver disorders, and also extraintestinal autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Tagliamonte S, Barone Lumaga R, De Filippis F, Valentino V, Ferracane R, Guerville M, Gandolfi I, Barbara G, Ercolini D, Vitaglione P. Milk protein digestion and the gut microbiome influence gastrointestinal discomfort after cow milk consumption in healthy subjects. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112953. [PMID: 37316045 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many healthy people suffer from milk-related gastrointestinal discomfort (GID) despite not being lactose intolerant; the mechanisms underpinning such condition are unknown. This study aimed to explore milk protein digestion and related physiological responses (primary outcome), gut microbiome and gut permeability in 19 lactose-tolerant healthy nonhabitual milk consumers [NHMCs] reporting GID after consuming cow milk compared to 20 habitual milk consumers [HMCs] without GID. NHMCs and HMCs participated in a milk-load (250 mL) test, underwent blood sample collection at 6 time points over 6 h after milk consumption and collected urine samples and GID self-reports over 24 h. We measured the concentrations of 31 milk-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs), 20 amino acids, 4 hormones, 5 endocannabinoid system mediators, glucose and the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) activity in blood and indoxyl sulfate in urine samples. Subjects also participated in a gut permeability test and delivered feces sample for gut microbiome analysis. Results showed that, compared to HMCs, milk consumption in NHMCs, along with GID, elicited a slower and lower increase in circulating BAPs, lower responses of ghrelin, insulin, and anandamide, a higher glucose response and serum DPPIV activity. The gut permeability of the two groups was similar, while the habitual diet, which was lower in dairy products and higher in the dietary-fibre-to-protein ratio in NHMCs, possibly shaped the gut microbiome; NHMCs exhibited lower abundance of Bifidobacteria, higher abundance of Prevotella and lower abundance of protease-coding genes, which may have reduced protein digestion, as evidenced by lower urinary excretion of indoxyl sulfate. In conclusion, the findings showed that a less efficient digestion of milk proteins, supported by a lower proteolytic capability of the gut microbiome, may explain GID in healthy people after milk consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliamonte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Barone Lumaga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mathilde Guerville
- Nutrition Department, Lactalis Research & Development, 35240 Retiers, France
| | - Ivana Gandolfi
- Nutrition Department, Lactalis Research & Development, 43038 Sala Baganza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Daschner PJ, Ross S, Seifried H, Kumar A, Flores R. Nutrition and Microbiome Interactions in Human Cancer. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:504-514. [PMID: 36208721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Individual physiologic responses to changes in dietary patterns can vary widely to affect cancer risk, which is driven by multiple host-specific factors (eg, genetics, epigenetics, inflammatory and metabolic states, and the colonizing microbiome). Emerging evidence indicates that diet-induced microbiota alterations are key modulators of several host functions important to tumor etiology, progression, and response to cancer therapy. Thus, diet may potentially be used to target alterations of the microbiota as an effective means to improve outcomes across the cancer continuum (from cancer prevention to tumor development and progression, to effects on treatment and survivorship). This review will focus on recent examples of functional interactions between dietary components (nutrients and non-nutrients) and the gastrointestinal microbiome, which are 2 critical and malleable environmental variables in cancer risk that affect host immune, metabolic, and cell signaling functions and may provide insights for novel cancer therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Daschner
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Sharon Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harold Seifried
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roberto Flores
- Office of Nutrition Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Song EJ, Shin JH. Personalized Diets based on the Gut Microbiome as a Target for Health Maintenance: from Current Evidence to Future Possibilities. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1497-1505. [PMID: 36398438 PMCID: PMC9843811 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of personalized nutrition has been developed, which states that food components do not always lead to the same metabolic responses, but vary from person to person. Although this concept has been studied based on individual genetic backgrounds, researchers have recently explored its potential role in the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota physiologically communicates with humans by forming a bidirectional relationship with the micronutrients, macronutrients, and phytochemicals consumed by the host. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can vary from person to person and can be easily shifted by diet. Therefore, several recent studies have reported the application of personalized nutrition to intestinal microflora. This review provides an overview of the interaction of diet with the gut microbiome and the latest evidence in understanding the inter-individual differences in dietary responsiveness according to individual baseline gut microbiota and microbiome-associated dietary intervention in diseases. The diversity of the gut microbiota and the presence of specific microorganisms can be attributed to physiological differences following dietary intervention. The difference in individual responsiveness based on the gut microbiota has the potential to become an important research approach for personalized nutrition and health management, although further well-designed large-scale studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-63-219-9446 Fax: +82-63-219-9876 E-mail:
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10
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Chatterjee G, Negi S, Basu S, Faintuch J, O'Donovan A, Shukla P. Microbiome systems biology advancements for natural well-being. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155915. [PMID: 35568180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the years all data from epidemiological, physiological and omics have suggested that the microbial communities play a considerable role in modulating human health. The population of microorganisms residing in the human intestine collectively known as microbiota presents a genetic repertoire that is higher in magnitude than the human genome. They play an essential role in host immunity and neuronal signaling. Rapid enhancement of sequence based screening and development of humanized gnotobiotic model has sparked a great deal of interest among scientists to probe the dynamic interactions of the commensal bacteria. This review focuses on systemic analysis of the gut microbiome to decipher the complexity of the host-microbe intercommunication and gives a special emphasis on the evolution of targeted precision medicine through microbiome engineering. In addition, we have also provided a comprehensive description of how interconnection between metabolism and biochemical reactions in a specific organism can be obtained from a metabolic network or a flux balance analysis and combining multiple datasets helps in the identification of a particular metabolite. The review highlights how genetic modification of the critical components and programming the resident microflora can be employed for targeted precision medicine. Inspite of the ongoing debate on the utility of gut microbiome we have explored on the probable new therapeutic avenues like FMT (Fecal microbiota transplant) can be utilized. This review also recapitulates integrating human-relevant 3D cellular models coupled with computational models and the metadata obtained from interventional and epidemiological studies may decipher the complex interactome of diet-microbiota-disease pathophysiology. In addition, it will also open new avenues for the development of therapeutics derived from microbiome or implementation of personalized nutrition. In addition, the identification of biomarkers can also help towards the development of new diagnostic tools and eventually will lead to strategic management of the disease. Inspite of the ongoing debate on the utility of the gut microbiome we have explored how probable new therapeutic avenues like FMT (Fecal microbiota transplant) can be utilized. This review also summarises integrating human-relevant 3D cellular models coupled with computational models and the metadata obtained from interventional and epidemiological studies may decipher the complex interactome of diet- microbiota-disease pathophysiology. In addition, it will also open new avenues for the development of therapeutics derived from the microbiome or implementation of personalized nutrition. In addition, the identification of biomarkers can also help towards the development of new diagnostic tools and eventually will lead to strategic management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Negi
- NMC Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Supratim Basu
- NMC Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Joel Faintuch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Short-Term Dairy Product Elimination and Reintroduction Minimally Perturbs the Gut Microbiota in Self-Reported Lactose-Intolerant Adults. mBio 2022; 13:e0105122. [PMID: 35695459 PMCID: PMC9239098 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding question regarding the human gut microbiota is whether and how microbiota-directed interventions influence host phenotypic traits. Here, we employed a dietary intervention to probe this question in the context of lactose intolerance. To assess the effects of dietary dairy product elimination and (re)introduction on the microbiota and host phenotype, we studied 12 self-reported mildly lactose-intolerant adults with triweekly collection of fecal samples over a 12-week study period: 2 weeks of baseline diet, 4 weeks of dairy product elimination, and 6 weeks of gradual whole cow milk (re)introduction. Of the 12 subjects, 6 reported either no dairy or only lactose-free dairy product consumption. A clinical assay for lactose intolerance, the hydrogen breath test, was performed before and after each of these three study phases, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on all fecal samples. We found that none of the subjects showed change in a clinically defined measure of lactose tolerance. Similarly, fecal microbiota structure resisted modification. Although the mean fraction of the genus Bifidobacterium, a group known to metabolize lactose, increased slightly with milk (re)introduction (from 0.0125 to 0.0206; Wilcoxon P = 0.068), the overall structure of each subject’s gut microbiota remained highly individualized and largely stable in the face of diet manipulation.
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12
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de Franchis R, Bozza L, Canale P, Chiacchio M, Cortese P, D’Avino A, De Giovanni M, Iacovo MD, D’Onofrio A, Federico A, Gasparini N, Iaccarino F, Romano G, Spadaro R, Tedesco M, Vitiello G, Antignani A, Auricchio S, Valentino V, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Bruzzese D. The Effect of Weaning with Adult Food Typical of the Mediterranean Diet on Taste Development and Eating Habits of Children: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122486. [PMID: 35745216 PMCID: PMC9227033 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) is one of the healthiest dietary patterns. We aimed to verify the effects of weaning (i.e., the introduction of solid foods in infants previously fed only with milk) using adult foods typical of Med Diet on children eating habits, and on the microbiota composition. A randomized controlled clinical trial on 394 healthy infants randomized in a 1:1 ratio in a Med Diet group weaned with fresh; seasonal and tasty foods of Med Diet and control group predominantly weaned with industrial baby foods. The primary end point was the percentage of children showing a good adherence to Med Diet at 36 months. Secondary end points were mother’s changes in adherence to Med Diet and differences in children gut microbiota. At 36 months, children showing a good adherence to Med Diet were 59.3% in the Med Diet group and 34.3% in the control group (p < 0.001). An increase in adherence to the Med Diet was observed in the mothers of the Med Diet group children (p < 0.001). At 4 years of age children in the Med Diet group had a higher gut microbial diversity and a higher abundance of beneficial taxa. A Mediterranean weaning with adult food may become a strategy for early nutritional education, to develop a healthy microbiota, to prevent inflammatory chronic diseases and to ameliorate eating habits in children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella de Franchis
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Bozza
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Pasquale Canale
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Chiacchio
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Paolo Cortese
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonio D’Avino
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria De Giovanni
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Mirella Dello Iacovo
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonietta D’Onofrio
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Aniello Federico
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Nicoletta Gasparini
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Felicia Iaccarino
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Romano
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Raffaella Spadaro
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Mariangela Tedesco
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Italian Federation of Maedical Paediatrics (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (P.C.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.D.I.); (A.D.); (A.F.); (N.G.); (F.I.); (G.R.); (R.S.); (M.T.); (G.V.)
| | - Angelo Antignani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Valentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.V.); (F.D.F.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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Leeuwendaal NK, Stanton C, O’Toole PW, Beresford TP. Fermented Foods, Health and the Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071527. [PMID: 35406140 PMCID: PMC9003261 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods have been a part of human diet for almost 10,000 years, and their level of diversity in the 21st century is substantial. The health benefits of fermented foods have been intensively investigated; identification of bioactive peptides and microbial metabolites in fermented foods that can positively affect human health has consolidated this interest. Each fermented food typically hosts a distinct population of microorganisms. Once ingested, nutrients and microorganisms from fermented foods may survive to interact with the gut microbiome, which can now be resolved at the species and strain level by metagenomics. Transient or long-term colonization of the gut by fermented food strains or impacts of fermented foods on indigenous gut microbes can therefore be determined. This review considers the primary food fermentation pathways and microorganisms involved, the potential health benefits, and the ability of these foodstuffs to impact the gut microbiome once ingested either through compounds produced during the fermentation process or through interactions with microorganisms from the fermented food that are capable of surviving in the gastro-intestinal transit. This review clearly shows that fermented foods can affect the gut microbiome in both the short and long term, and should be considered an important element of the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (N.K.L.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom P. Beresford
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (N.K.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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De Filippis F, Esposito A, Ercolini D. Outlook on next-generation probiotics from the human gut. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:76. [PMID: 35043293 PMCID: PMC11073307 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics currently available on the market generally belong to a narrow range of microbial species. However, recent studies about the importance of the gut microbial commensals on human health highlighted that the gut microbiome is an unexplored reservoir of potentially beneficial microbes. For this reason, academic and industrial research is focused on identifying and testing novel microbial strains of gut origin for the development of next-generation probiotics. Although several of these are promising for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases, studies on human subjects are still scarce and approval from regulatory agencies is, therefore, rare. In addition, some issues need to be overcome before implementing their wide application on the market, such as the best methods for cultivation and storage of these oxygen-sensitive taxa. This review summarizes the most recent evidence related to NGPs and provides an outlook to the main issues that still limit their wide employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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16
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The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Specific gut microbiome signatures and the associated pro-inflamatory functions are linked to pediatric allergy and acquisition of immune tolerance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5958. [PMID: 34645820 PMCID: PMC8514477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional potential of the gut microbiome is of primary importance for the design of innovative strategies for allergy treatment and prevention. Here we report the gut microbiome features of 90 children affected by food (FA) or respiratory (RA) allergies and 30 age-matched, healthy controls (CT). We identify specific microbial signatures in the gut microbiome of allergic children, such as higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a depletion of Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides dorei, B. vulgatus and fiber-degrading taxa. The metagenome of allergic children shows a pro-inflammatory potential, with an enrichment of genes involved in the production of bacterial lipo-polysaccharides and urease. We demonstrate that specific gut microbiome signatures at baseline can be predictable of immune tolerance acquisition. Finally, a strain-level selection occurring in the gut microbiome of allergic subjects is identified. R. gnavus strains enriched in FA and RA showed lower ability to degrade fiber, and genes involved in the production of a pro-inflammatory polysaccharide. We demonstrate that a gut microbiome dysbiosis occurs in allergic children, with R. gnavus emerging as a main player in pediatric allergy. These findings may open new strategies in the development of innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches. Trial: NCT04750980. Here, the authors profile the taxonomic composition and genetic potential of the gut microbiome of children with food or respiratory allergies and find that the gut metagenome of these patients is characterized by higher proinflammatory potential and reduced capacity of degrading complex polysaccharides, with Ruminococcus gnavus playing a central role.
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18
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Callejón-Leblic B, Selma-Royo M, Collado MC, Abril N, García-Barrera T. Impact of Antibiotic-Induced Depletion of Gut Microbiota and Selenium Supplementation on Plasma Selenoproteome and Metal Homeostasis in a Mice Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7652-7662. [PMID: 34171188 PMCID: PMC9161447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient involved in important health functions and it has been suggested to shape gut microbiota. Limited information on Se assimilation by gut microbes and the possible link with selenoproteins are available. For this purpose, conventional and gut microbiota-depleted BALB/c mice were fed a Se-supplemented diet. The absolute quantification of mice plasma selenoproteins was performed for the first time using heteroatom-tagged proteomics. The gut microbiota profile was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Se-supplementation modulated the concentration of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase and the Se-transporter selenoalbumin as well as the metal homeostasis, being influenced by microbiota disruption, which suggests an intertwined mechanism. Se also modulated microbiota diversity and richness and increased the relative abundance of some health-relevant taxa (e.g., families Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillus genus). This study demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of Se on gut microbiota, especially after antibiotic-treatment and the first associations between specific bacteria and plasma selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Callejón-Leblic
- Research
Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA),
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Avenue, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry
and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry
and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research
Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA),
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Avenue, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- . Phone: +34 959219962
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19
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Bancil AS, Sandall AM, Rossi M, Chassaing B, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Food Additive Emulsifiers and Their Impact on Gut Microbiome, Permeability, and Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1068-1079. [PMID: 33336247 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has increased over the 21st century. Despite multiple studies investigating the pathogenesis of IBD, the causative mechanisms pertaining to its increased prevalence remain unclear. There is growing evidence that aspects of a 'Western diet' increase the risk of developing IBD. More recently, evidence implicating dietary emulsifiers has accumulated, with ecological studies showing a positive correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and emulsifier consumption. Further to these, cell and animal studies have demonstrated plausible mechanisms by which dietary emulsifiers may contribute to IBD pathogenesis through mechanisms including: promotion of pro-inflammatory intestinal microbiota; disruption of mucus architecture; increased intestinal permeability; activation of inflammatory pathways; and disruption of the cell cycle. This review critically analyses the current evidence for these mechanisms that may be of pathological relevance to IBD, evaluates recent dietary trials, acknowledges the challenges of dietary intervention studies, and gives an overview of ongoing and future clinical trials in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Bancil
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alicia M Sandall
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Megan Rossi
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James O Lindsay
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
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20
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The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228872. [PMID: 34076695 PMCID: PMC8201460 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
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21
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Dixit K, Chaudhari D, Dhotre D, Shouche Y, Saroj S. Restoration of dysbiotic human gut microbiome for homeostasis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119622. [PMID: 34015282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, and the imbalance of its microbial community structure from the normal state is termed dysbiosis. The dysbiotic gut microbiome has been proved to be related to several pathological conditions like Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Colorectal Cancer (CRC), etc., and several other extra-intestinal conditions like Type 1 & 2 diabetes, obesity, etc. The complex gut microbial ecosystem starts to build before the birth of an individual. It is known to get affected by several factors such as birth mode, individual lifestyle, dietary practices, medications, and antibiotics. A dysbiotic microbiome can potentially hamper host homeostasis due to its role in immune modulation, metabolism, nutrient synthesis, etc. Restoration of the dysbiotic gut microbiome has emerged as a promising aid and a better therapeutic approach. Several approaches have been investigated to achieve this goal, including prebiotics and probiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), extracellular vesicles, immune modulation, microbial metabolites, dietary interventions, and phages. This review discusses the various factors that influence the human microbiome with respect to their cause-effect relationship and the effect of gut microbiome compositional changes on the brain through the gut-brain axis. We also discuss the practices used globally for gut microbiome restoration purposes, along with their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dixit
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Diptaraj Chaudhari
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Dhiraj Dhotre
- Innovative Technology Group, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh Shouche
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Sunil Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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22
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Zhang C, Franklin CL, Ericsson AC. Consideration of Gut Microbiome in Murine Models of Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051062. [PMID: 34068994 PMCID: PMC8156714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM), a complex community of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi located in the gut of humans and animals, plays significant roles in host health and disease. Animal models are widely used to investigate human diseases in biomedical research and the GM within animal models can change due to the impact of many factors, such as the vendor, husbandry, and environment. Notably, variations in GM can contribute to differences in disease model phenotypes, which can result in poor reproducibility in biomedical research. Variation in the gut microbiome can also impact the translatability of animal models. For example, standard lab mice have different pathogen exposure experiences when compared to wild or pet store mice. As humans have antigen experiences that are more similar to the latter, the use of lab mice with more simplified microbiomes may not yield optimally translatable data. Additionally, the literature describes many methods to manipulate the GM and differences between these methods can also result in differing interpretations of outcomes measures. In this review, we focus on the GM as a potential contributor to the poor reproducibility and translatability of mouse models of disease. First, we summarize the important role of GM in host disease and health through different gut–organ axes and the close association between GM and disease susceptibility through colonization resistance, immune response, and metabolic pathways. Then, we focus on the variation in the microbiome in mouse models of disease and address how this variation can potentially impact disease phenotypes and subsequently influence research reproducibility and translatability. We also discuss the variations between genetic substrains as potential factors that cause poor reproducibility via their effects on the microbiome. In addition, we discuss the utility of complex microbiomes in prospective studies and how manipulation of the GM through differing transfer methods can impact model phenotypes. Lastly, we emphasize the need to explore appropriate methods of GM characterization and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Craig L. Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (C.L.F.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (C.L.F.); (A.C.E.)
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Effect of arabinogalactan on the gut microbiome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults. Nutrition 2021; 90:111273. [PMID: 34004416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Promising evidence suggests beneficial health effects of arabinogalactan, but little is known about the effect of this non-digestible carbohydrate on the gut microbiota, a crucial mediator of human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an arabinogalactan product (ResistAid) on the fecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acids and gastrointestinal tolerance in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. METHODS Thirty adults were randomly assigned to consume 15 g/d maltodextrin (control) or ResistAid for 6 wk. RESULTS At week 6, compared to placebo, ResistAid supplementation led to a significant decrease in the ratio of fecal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, driven by an increase in Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes. Moreover, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium tended to increase with ResistAid supplementation. Additionally, ResistAid significantly decreased the α-diversity of the fecal microbiome. Predicted functional abundances based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that ResistAid supplementation increased the gene abundance of the gut microbiome for α-l-rhamnosidase, β-fructosidase, and levanase, as well as tricarboxylic acid and vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathways. Fecal isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids were significantly lower after ResistAid consumption. There were no statistically significant changes in bowel habit, stool consistency, gastrointestinal tolerance symptoms, chemistry profile, metabolic panel, or vitals, suggesting that consumption of 15 g daily ResistAid over 6 wk is safe. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the gut microbiome composition and predicted functions can be modulated by ResistAid consumption, perhaps suggesting a mechanistic explanation on its reported benefits in metabolic parameters and the immune system.
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Bolte LA, Klaassen MAY, Collij V, Vich Vila A, Fu J, van der Meulen TA, de Haan JJ, Versteegen GJ, Dotinga A, Zhernakova A, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK, Imhann F. Patient attitudes towards faecal sampling for gut microbiome studies and clinical care reveal positive engagement and room for improvement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249405. [PMID: 33831035 PMCID: PMC8031379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal sample collection is crucial for gut microbiome research and its clinical applications. However, while patients and healthy volunteers are routinely asked to provide stool samples, their attitudes towards sampling remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the attitudes of 780 Dutch patients, including participants in a large Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) gut microbiome cohort and population controls, in order to identify barriers to sample collection and provide recommendations for gut microbiome researchers and clinicians. We sent questionnaires to 660 IBD patients and 112 patients with other disorders who had previously been approached to participate in gut microbiome studies. We also conducted 478 brief interviews with participants in our general population cohort who had collected stool samples. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using R. 97.4% of respondents reported that they had willingly participated in stool sample collection for gut microbiome research, and most respondents (82.9%) and interviewees (95.6%) indicated willingness to participate again, with their motivations for participating being mainly altruistic (57.0%). Responses indicated that storing stool samples in the home freezer for a prolonged time was the main barrier to participation (52.6%), but clear explanations of the sampling procedures and their purpose increased participant willingness to collect and freeze samples (P = 0.046, P = 0.003). To account for participant concerns, gut microbiome researchers establishing cohorts and clinicians trying new faecal tests should provide clear instructions, explain the rationale behind their protocol, consider providing a small freezer and inform patients about study outcomes. By assessing the attitudes, motives and barriers surrounding participation in faecal sample collection, we provide important information that will contribute to the success of gut microbiome research and its near-future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Bolte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein A. Y. Klaassen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Taco A. van der Meulen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco J. de Haan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrig J. Versteegen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Imhann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Xie J, Chen T, Ma D, Yao T, Gu F, Lim J, Tuinstra MR, Hamaker BR. High arabinoxylan fine structure specificity to gut bacteria driven by corn genotypes but not environment. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117667. [PMID: 33541670 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While gut bacteria have different abilities to utilize dietary fibers, the degree of fiber structural alignment to bacteria species is not well understood. Corn bran arabinoxylan (CAX) was used to investigate how minor polymer fine structural differences at the genotype × environment level influences the human gut microbiota. CAXs were extracted from 4 corn genotypes × 3 growing years and used in in vitro fecal fermentations. CAXs from different genotypes had varied contents of arabinose/xylose ratio (0.46-0.54), galactose (58-101 mg/g), glucuronic acid (18-32 mg/g). There was genotype- but not environment-specific differences in fine structures. After 24 h fermentation, CAX showed different acetate (71-86 mM), propionate (35-44 mM), butyrate (7-10 mM), and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) (117-137 mM) production. SCFA profiles and gut microbiota both shifted in a genotype-specific way. In conclusion, the study reveals a very high specificity of fiber structure to gut bacteria use and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jianhua Xie
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Dongdong Ma
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tianming Yao
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Fangting Gu
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jongbin Lim
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mitchell R Tuinstra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Tagliamonte S, Laiola M, Ferracane R, Vitale M, Gallo MA, Meslier V, Pons N, Ercolini D, Vitaglione P. Mediterranean diet consumption affects the endocannabinoid system in overweight and obese subjects: possible links with gut microbiome, insulin resistance and inflammation. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3703-3716. [PMID: 33763720 PMCID: PMC8437855 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether a Mediterranean diet (MD) affected the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids (ECs), N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and their specific ratios in subjects with lifestyle risk factors for metabolic diseases. To identify the relationship between circulating levels of these compounds and gut microbiome, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Methods A parallel 8-week randomised controlled trial was performed involving 82 overweight and obese subjects aged (mean ± SEM) 43 ± 1.4 years with a BMI of 31.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, habitual Western diet (CT) and sedentary lifestyle. Subjects were randomised to consume an MD tailored to their habitual energy and macronutrient intake (n = 43) or to maintain their habitual diet (n = 39). Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules, metabolic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiome were monitored over the study period. Results The MD intervention lowered plasma arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA, p = 0.02), increased plasma oleoylethanolamide/palmitoylethanolamide (OEA/PEA, p = 0.009) and OEA/AEA (p = 0.006) and increased faecal Akkermansia muciniphila (p = 0.026) independent of body weight changes. OEA/PEA positively correlated with abundance of key microbial players in diet–gut–health interplay and MD adherence. Following an MD, individuals with low-plasma OEA/PEA at baseline decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (p = 0.01), while individuals with high-plasma OEA/PEA decreased serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (p = 0.02). Conclusions We demonstrated that a switch from a CT to an isocaloric MD affects the endocannabinoid system and increases A. muciniphila abundance in the gut independently of body weight changes. Endocannabinoid tone and microbiome functionality at baseline drives an individualised response to an MD in ameliorating insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Clinical Trial Registry number and website NCT03071718; www.clinicaltrials.gov Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02538-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliamonte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Manolo Laiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Meslier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, l'alimentation Et L'environnement), MGP (Metagenopolis), 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, l'alimentation Et L'environnement), MGP (Metagenopolis), 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy. .,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Altered intestinal epithelial nutrient transport: an underappreciated factor in obesity modulated by diet and microbiota. Biochem J 2021; 478:975-995. [PMID: 33661278 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nutrients absorbed in the proximal small intestine and assimilated in different tissues have a profound effect on overall energy homeostasis, determined by a balance between body's energy intake and expenditure. In obesity, altered intestinal absorption and consequently tissue assimilation of nutrients may disturb the energy balance leading to metabolic abnormalities at the cellular level. The absorption of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids and fatty acids released from food digestion require high-capacity transporter proteins expressed in the intestinal epithelial absorptive cells. Furthermore, nutrient sensing by specific transporters/receptors expressed in the epithelial enteroendocrine cells triggers release of gut hormones involved in regulating energy homeostasis via their effects on appetite and food intake. Therefore, the intestinal epithelial cells play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of obesity and associated complications. Over the past decade, gut microbiota has emerged as a key factor contributing to obesity via its effects on digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, and energy harvest from dietary fiber, undigested component of food, in the large intestine. Various mechanisms of microbiota effects on obesity have been implicated. However, the impact of obesity-associated microbiota on the intestinal nutrient transporters needs extensive investigation. This review marshals the limited studies addressing the altered structure and function of the gut epithelium in obesity with special emphasis on nutrient transporters and role of diet and microbiota. The review also discusses the thoughts and controversies and research gaps in this field.
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28
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Sazal M, Stebliankin V, Mathee K, Yoo C, Narasimhan G. Causal effects in microbiomes using interventional calculus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5724. [PMID: 33707536 PMCID: PMC7970971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Causal inference in biomedical research allows us to shift the paradigm from investigating associational relationships to causal ones. Inferring causal relationships can help in understanding the inner workings of biological processes. Association patterns can be coincidental and may lead to wrong conclusions about causality in complex systems. Microbiomes are highly complex, diverse, and dynamic environments. Microbes are key players in human health and disease. Hence knowledge of critical causal relationships among the entities in a microbiome, and the impact of internal and external factors on microbial abundance and their interactions are essential for understanding disease mechanisms and making appropriate treatment recommendations. In this paper, we employ causal inference techniques to understand causal relationships between various entities in a microbiome, and to use the resulting causal network to make useful computations. We introduce a novel pipeline for microbiome analysis, which includes adding an outcome or "disease" variable, and then computing the causal network, referred to as a "disease network", with the goal of identifying disease-relevant causal factors from the microbiome. Internventional techniques are then applied to the resulting network, allowing us to compute a measure called the causal effect of one or more microbial taxa on the outcome variable or the condition of interest. Finally, we propose a measure called causal influence that quantifies the total influence exerted by a microbial taxon on the rest of the microiome. Our pipeline is robust, sensitive, different from traditional approaches, and able to predict interventional effects without any controlled experiments. The pipeline can be used to identify potential eubiotic and dysbiotic microbial taxa in a microbiome. We validate our results using synthetic data sets and using results on real data sets that were previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musfiqur Sazal
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA
| | - Vitalii Stebliankin
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA ,grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA
| | - Changwon Yoo
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA ,grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199 USA
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Zhang X, Yao Z, Sun X, Zhang G. Cross-linked arabinoxylan in a Ca 2+-alginate matrix reversed the body weight gain of HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice through modulation of the gut microbiome. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:404-412. [PMID: 33571595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we compared the effects of different physical forms of arabinoxylan (AX) - a microsphere of cross-linked arabinoxylan (CAX) in a Ca2+-alginate matrix (MC) and physical mixture of AX and alginate (PM) on gut microbiota and development of obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Supplementation of MC in high fat (HF) diet to mice for 10 weeks significantly reversed the body weight gain induced by the HF diet, along with less fat accumulation in both livers and the epididymal adipose than the PM group. Microbiome analysis showed that MC significantly altered the gut microbiota composition with a noticeable increase of butyrogenic bacteria of Lachnospiraceae. The butyrate produced by MC fermentation and the increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae might be the underlying mechanism of the anti-obesity effect of MC. The results indicated that the physical forms of dietary fiber are closely associated with its health benefits, and MC might be served as a new functional food ingredient to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zechen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Henson MA. Computational modeling of the gut microbiota reveals putative metabolic mechanisms of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008782. [PMID: 33617526 PMCID: PMC7932513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients who have Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) will suffer at least one incident of reinfection. While the underlying causes of CDI recurrence are poorly understood, interactions between C. difficile and commensal gut bacteria are thought to play an important role. In this study, an in silico pipeline was used to process 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data of 225 stool samples from 93 CDI patients into sample-specific models of bacterial community metabolism. Clustered metabolite production rates generated from post-diagnosis samples generated a high Enterobacteriaceae abundance cluster containing disproportionately large numbers of recurrent samples and patients. This cluster was predicted to have significantly reduced capabilities for secondary bile acid synthesis but elevated capabilities for aromatic amino acid catabolism. When applied to 16S sequence data of 40 samples from fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) patients suffering from recurrent CDI and their stool donors, the community modeling method generated a high Enterobacteriaceae abundance cluster with a disproportionate large number of pre-FMT samples. This cluster also was predicted to exhibit reduced secondary bile acid synthesis and elevated aromatic amino acid catabolism. Collectively, these in silico predictions suggest that Enterobacteriaceae may create a gut environment favorable for C. difficile spore germination and/or toxin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Vitale M, Giacco R, Laiola M, Della Pepa G, Luongo D, Mangione A, Salamone D, Vitaglione P, Ercolini D, Rivellese AA. Acute and chronic improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism by a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern: Can SCFAs play a role? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:428-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Camargo A, Vals-Delgado C, Alcala-Diaz JF, Villasanta-Gonzalez A, Gomez-Delgado F, Haro C, Leon-Acuña A, Cardelo MP, Torres-Peña JD, Guler I, Malagon MM, Ordovas JM, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J. A Diet-Dependent Microbiota Profile Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes: From the CORDIOPREV Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000730. [PMID: 33064356 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The differences between the baseline gut microbiota of patients who developed type 2 diabetes (T2D) consuming a low-fat (LF) or a Mediterranean (Med) diet are explored and risk scores are developed to predict the individual risk of developing T2D associated with the consumption of LF or Med diet. METHODS AND RESULTS All the patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2D at baseline (n = 462) whose fecal sample are available, are included. Gut microbiota is analyzed by 16S sequencing and the risk of T2D after a median follow-up of 60 months assessed by Cox analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis shows a different baseline gut microbiota in patients who developed T2D consuming LF and Med diets. A higher abundance of Paraprevotella, and lower Gammaproteobacteria and B. uniformis are associated with T2D risk when an LF diet is consumed. In contrast, higher abundances of Saccharibacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Prevotella are associated with T2D risk when a Med diet is consumed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that different interactions between the microbiome and dietary patterns may partially determine the risk of T2D development, which may be used for selecting personalized dietary models to prevent T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Vals-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villasanta-Gonzalez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Haro
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cordoba, 14080, Spain
| | - Ana Leon-Acuña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Magdalena P Cardelo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ipek Guler
- Unit of Biostatistics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Maria M Malagon
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Spanish national Center for cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Pellegrini N, Vitaglione P, Granato D, Fogliano V. Twenty-five years of total antioxidant capacity measurement of foods and biological fluids: merits and limitations. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5064-5078. [PMID: 30578632 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises 25 years of investigations on antioxidants research in foods and biological fluids and critically analyses the merits and limitations of using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement in the metabolomic era. An enormous bulk of knowledge was produced regarding the antioxidant capacity of foods and large TAC databases were developed. A direct link between a food TAC value and any health benefit is erroneous and has led to several cases of consumer deception. However, the striking epidemiological evidence associating a high dietary TAC with some disease prevention and the availability of well-constructed TAC databases deserve attention and must be taken into account to establish the usefulness of measuring TAC in both foods and biological samples. The in vivo TAC measurement, usually performed in plasma, is influenced by many external factors, such as dietary habits, as well as environmental and behavioural factors, which are integrated towards homeostatic control by fine physiological mechanisms with high inter-individual variability. Therefore, plasma TAC cannot be considered as a unique biomarker of individual antioxidant status. However, the combined evaluation of plasma TAC with known markers of disease, individual metabolism, inflammation and genetics, as well as with markers of gut microbiota composition and activity, may lead to the identification of populations that are more responsive to food/diet TAC. In this framework, the appropriate use of TAC measurement both in food and in vivo can still provide support for the interpretation of complex phenomena and be a tool for sample screening when making a quick decision toward in-depth research investigations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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34
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De Filippis F, Pasolli E, Ercolini D. Newly Explored Faecalibacterium Diversity Is Connected to Age, Lifestyle, Geography, and Disease. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4932-4943.e4. [PMID: 33065016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium is prevalent in the human gut and a promising microbe for the development of next-generation probiotics (NGPs) or biotherapeutics. Analyzing reference Faecalibacterium genomes and almost 3,000 Faecalibacterium-like metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) reconstructed from 7,907 human and 203 non-human primate gut metagenomes, we identified the presence of 22 different Faecalibacterium-like species-level genome bins (SGBs), some further divided in different strains according to the subject geographical origin. Twelve SGBs are globally spread in the human gut and show different genomic potential in the utilization of complex polysaccharides, suggesting that higher SGB diversity may be related with increased utilization of plant-based foods. Moreover, up to 11 different species may co-occur in the same subject, with lower diversity in Western populations, as well as intestinal inflammatory states and obesity. The newly explored Faecalibacterium diversity will be able to support the choice of strains suitable as NGPs, guided by the consideration of the differences existing in their functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80100, Italy.
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35
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Langhorst J, Schöls M, Cinar Z, Eilert R, Kofink K, Paul A, Zempel C, Elsenbruch S, Lauche R, Ahmed M, Haller D, Cramer H, Dobos G, Koch AK. Comprehensive Lifestyle-Modification in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis-A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3087. [PMID: 32987894 PMCID: PMC7599849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis suffer from impaired health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Comprehensive lifestyle-modification might increase HrQoL and decrease disease activity. Ninety-seven patients in clinical remission with impaired HrQoL were randomly assigned to a 10 week comprehensive lifestyle-modification program (LSM; n = 47; 50.28 ± 11.90 years) or control (n = 50; 45.54 ± 12.49 years) that received a single workshop of intense training in naturopathic self-help strategies. Primary outcome was HrQoL (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; IBDQ) at week 12. Secondary outcomes included IBDQ subscales; generic HrQoL; disease activity and microbiome. Both groups showed improvement in HrQoL from baseline to post-treatment at week 12. The IBDQ sum score showed no significant group difference (p = 0.251). If patients attended more than 50% of the training sessions, a significant group effect (p = 0.034) was evident in favor of LSM. In addition, the SF-36 mental component summary (p = 0.002) was significantly different between the groups in favor of LSM. Disease activity microbiome and adverse events did not differ. Both a single workshop and a 10-week comprehensive lifestyle-modification program can improve HrQoL in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission with no apparent effects on clinical disease activity. A treatment difference was observed when examining a subsample of patients who attended ≥ 50% of sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Germany, Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Buger Straße 80, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Evang. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (M.S.); (Z.C.); (R.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Margarita Schöls
- Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Evang. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (M.S.); (Z.C.); (R.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Zehra Cinar
- Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Evang. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (M.S.); (Z.C.); (R.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Ronja Eilert
- Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Evang. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (M.S.); (Z.C.); (R.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Kerstin Kofink
- Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Evang. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (M.S.); (Z.C.); (R.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Paul
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (G.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Christina Zempel
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (G.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Lismore Campus, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; (M.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; (M.A.); (D.H.)
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (G.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (G.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Anna K. Koch
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Am Deimelsberg 34 a, 45276 Essen, Germany; (A.P.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (G.D.); (A.K.K.)
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Yu X, Gurry T, Nguyen LTT, Richardson HS, Alm EJ. Prebiotics and Community Composition Influence Gas Production of the Human Gut Microbiota. mBio 2020; 11:e00217-20. [PMID: 32900799 PMCID: PMC7482059 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00217-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics confer benefits to human health, often by promoting the growth of gut bacteria that produce metabolites valuable to the human body, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). While prebiotic selection has strongly focused on maximizing the production of SCFAs, less attention has been paid to gases, a by-product of SCFA production that also has physiological effects on the human body. Here, we investigate how the content and volume of gas production by human gut microbiota are affected by the chemical composition of the prebiotic and the community composition of the microbiota. We first constructed a linear system model based on mass and electron balance and compared the theoretical product ranges of two prebiotics, inulin and pectin. Modeling shows that pectin is more restricted in product space, with less potential for H2 but more potential for CO2 production. An ex vivo experimental system showed pectin degradation produced significantly less H2 than inulin, but CO2 production fell outside the theoretical product range, suggesting fermentation of fecal debris. Microbial community composition also impacted results: methane production was dependent on the presence of Methanobacteria, while interindividual differences in H2 production during inulin degradation were driven by a Lachnospiraceae taxon. Overall, these results suggest that both the chemistry of the prebiotic and the composition of the microbiota are relevant to gas production. Metabolic processes that are relatively prevalent in the microbiome, such as H2 production, will depend more on substrate, while rare metabolisms such as methanogenesis depend more strongly on microbiome composition.IMPORTANCE Prebiotic fermentation in the gut often leads to the coproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases. While excess gas production can be a potential problem for those with functional gut disorders, gas production is rarely considered during prebiotic design. In this study, we combined the use of theoretical models and an ex vivo experimental platform to illustrate that both the chemical composition of the prebiotic and the community composition of the human gut microbiota can affect the volume and content of gas production during prebiotic fermentation. Specifically, more prevalent metabolic processes such as hydrogen production were strongly affected by the oxidation state of the probiotic, while rare metabolisms such as methane production were less affected by the chemical nature of the substrate and entirely dependent on the presence of Methanobacteria in the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Gurry
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Le Thanh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hunter S Richardson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Lombardo B, Izzo V, Terracciano D, Ranieri A, Mazzaccara C, Fimiani F, Cesaro A, Gentile L, Leggiero E, Pero R, Izzo B, D'Alicandro AC, Ercolini D, D'Alicandro G, Frisso G, Pastore L, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Laboratory medicine: health evaluation in elite athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1450-1473. [PMID: 30835249 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter's panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete's competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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38
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De Filippis F, Pasolli E, Ercolini D. The food-gut axis: lactic acid bacteria and their link to food, the gut microbiome and human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:454-489. [PMID: 32556166 PMCID: PMC7391071 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are present in foods, the environment and the animal gut, although fermented foods (FFs) are recognized as the primary niche of LAB activity. Several LAB strains have been studied for their health-promoting properties and are employed as probiotics. FFs are recognized for their potential beneficial effects, which we review in this article. They are also an important source of LAB, which are ingested daily upon FF consumption. In this review, we describe the diversity of LAB and their occurrence in food as well as the gut microbiome. We discuss the opportunities to study LAB diversity and functional properties by considering the availability of both genomic and metagenomic data in public repositories, as well as the different latest computational tools for data analysis. In addition, we discuss the role of LAB as potential probiotics by reporting the prevalence of key genomic features in public genomes and by surveying the outcomes of LAB use in clinical trials involving human subjects. Finally, we highlight the need for further studies aimed at improving our knowledge of the link between LAB-fermented foods and the human gut from the perspective of health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA)Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80100, Napoli, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA)Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80100, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA)Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80100, Napoli, Italy
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39
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Meslier V, Laiola M, Roager HM, De Filippis F, Roume H, Quinquis B, Giacco R, Mennella I, Ferracane R, Pons N, Pasolli E, Rivellese A, Dragsted LO, Vitaglione P, Ehrlich SD, Ercolini D. Mediterranean diet intervention in overweight and obese subjects lowers plasma cholesterol and causes changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome independently of energy intake. Gut 2020; 69:1258-1268. [PMID: 32075887 PMCID: PMC7306983 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the effects of an isocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention on metabolic health, gut microbiome and systemic metabolome in subjects with lifestyle risk factors for metabolic disease. DESIGN Eighty-two healthy overweight and obese subjects with a habitually low intake of fruit and vegetables and a sedentary lifestyle participated in a parallel 8-week randomised controlled trial. Forty-three participants consumed an MD tailored to their habitual energy intakes (MedD), and 39 maintained their regular diets (ConD). Dietary adherence, metabolic parameters, gut microbiome and systemic metabolome were monitored over the study period. RESULTS Increased MD adherence in the MedD group successfully reprogrammed subjects' intake of fibre and animal proteins. Compliance was confirmed by lowered levels of carnitine in plasma and urine. Significant reductions in plasma cholesterol (primary outcome) and faecal bile acids occurred in the MedD compared with the ConD group. Shotgun metagenomics showed gut microbiome changes that reflected individual MD adherence and increase in gene richness in participants who reduced systemic inflammation over the intervention. The MD intervention led to increased levels of the fibre-degrading Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and of genes for microbial carbohydrate degradation linked to butyrate metabolism. The dietary changes in the MedD group led to increased urinary urolithins, faecal bile acid degradation and insulin sensitivity that co-varied with specific microbial taxa. CONCLUSION Switching subjects to an MD while maintaining their energy intake reduced their blood cholesterol and caused multiple changes in their microbiome and metabolome that are relevant in future strategies for the improvement of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manolo Laiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Henrik Munch Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Hugo Roume
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Ilario Mennella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Rivellese
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy .,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy .,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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A Mediterranean Diet Intervention Reduces the Levels of Salivary Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00777-20. [PMID: 32276980 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00777-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity is a complex ecosystem, and the alterations in salivary microbial communities are associated with both oral and nonoral diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy dietary pattern useful for both prevention and treatment of several diseases. To further explore the effects of the MD on human health, in this study, we investigated the changes in the salivary microbial communities in overweight/obese subjects after an individually tailored MD-based nutritional intervention. Healthy overweight and obese subjects were randomized between two intervention groups. The MD group (Med-D group) increased their MD adherence during 8 weeks of intervention while the control diet (control-D) group did not change their dietary habits. The salivary microbiota was assessed at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. Despite no observed changes in the overall salivary microbiota composition, we found a significant decrease in the relative abundances of species-level operational taxonomic units annotated as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola in the Med-D group compared to that in the control-D group after 8 weeks of intervention, which are known to be associated with periodontal disease. Such variations were significantly linked to dietary variables such as MD adherence rates and intakes of animal versus vegetable proteins. In addition, increased levels of Streptococcus cristatus were observed in the Med-D group, which has been reported as an antagonistic taxon inhibiting P. gingivalis gene expression. Our findings suggest that an MD-based nutritional intervention may be implicated in reducing periodontal bacteria, and an MD may be a dietary strategy supportive of oral homeostasis.IMPORTANCE Changes in dietary behavior with increased adherence to a Mediterranean diet can determine a reduction of periodontopathogenic bacterial abundances in the saliva of overweight subjects with cardiometabolic risk due to an unhealthy lifestyle, without any change in individual energy intake, nutrient intake, and physical activity.
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41
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Vernocchi P, Del Chierico F, Putignani L. Gut Microbiota Metabolism and Interaction with Food Components. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103688. [PMID: 32456257 PMCID: PMC7279363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut contains trillions of microbes that play a central role in host biology, including the provision of key nutrients from the diet. Food is a major source of precursors for metabolite production; in fact, diet modulates the gut microbiota (GM) as the nutrients, derived from dietary intake, reach the GM, affecting both the ecosystem and microbial metabolic profile. GM metabolic ability has an impact on human nutritional status from childhood. However, there is a wide variability of dietary patterns that exist among individuals. The study of interactions with the host via GM metabolic pathways is an interesting field of research in medicine, as microbiota members produce myriads of molecules with many bioactive properties. Indeed, much evidence has demonstrated the importance of metabolites produced by the bacterial metabolism from foods at the gut level that dynamically participate in various biochemical mechanisms of a cell as a reaction to environmental stimuli. Hence, the GM modulate homeostasis at the gut level, and the alteration in their composition can concur in disease onset or progression, including immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders, as well as cancer. Understanding the gut microbe–nutrient interactions will increase our knowledge of how diet affects host health and disease, thus enabling personalized therapeutics and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668-594061; Fax: +39-0668-592218
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology and Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
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42
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Zeisel SH. Precision (Personalized) Nutrition: Understanding Metabolic Heterogeneity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:71-92. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
People differ in their requirements for and responses to nutrients and bioactive molecules in the diet. Many inputs contribute to metabolic heterogeneity (including variations in genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, lifestyle, diet intake, and environmental exposure). Precision nutrition is not about developing unique prescriptions for individual people but rather about stratifying people into different subgroups of the population on the basis of biomarkers of the above-listed sources of metabolic variation and then using this stratification to better estimate the different subgroups’ dietary requirements, thereby enabling better dietary recommendations and interventions. The hope is that we will be able to subcategorize people into ever-smaller groups that can be targeted in terms of recommendations, but we will never achieve this at the individual level, thus, the choice of precision nutrition rather than personalized nutrition to designate this new field. This review focuses mainly on genetically related sources of metabolic heterogeneity and identifies challenges that need to be overcome to achieve a full understanding of the complex interactions between the many sources of metabolic heterogeneity that make people differ from one another in their requirements for and responses to foods. It also discusses the commercial applications of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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43
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De Angelis M, Ferrocino I, Calabrese FM, De Filippis F, Cavallo N, Siragusa S, Rampelli S, Di Cagno R, Rantsiou K, Vannini L, Pellegrini N, Lazzi C, Turroni S, Lorusso N, Ventura M, Chieppa M, Neviani E, Brigidi P, O'Toole PW, Ercolini D, Gobbetti M, Cocolin L. Diet influences the functions of the human intestinal microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4247. [PMID: 32144387 PMCID: PMC7060259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes programme their metabolism to suit intestinal conditions and convert dietary components into a panel of small molecules that ultimately affect host physiology. To unveil what is behind the effects of key dietary components on microbial functions and the way they modulate host-microbe interaction, we used for the first time a multi-omic approach that goes behind the mere gut phylogenetic composition and provides an overall picture of the functional repertoire in 27 fecal samples from omnivorous, vegan and vegetarian volunteers. Based on our data, vegan and vegetarian diets were associated to the highest abundance of microbial genes/proteins responsible for cell motility, carbohydrate- and protein-hydrolyzing enzymes, transport systems and the synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins. A positive correlation was observed when intake of fiber and the relative fecal abundance of flagellin were compared. Microbial cells and flagellin extracted from fecal samples of 61 healthy donors modulated the viability of the human (HT29) colon carcinoma cells and the host response through the stimulation of the expression of Toll-like receptor 5, lectin RegIIIα and three interleukins (IL-8, IL-22 and IL-23). Our findings concretize a further and relevant milestone on how the diet may prevent/mitigate disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Noemi Cavallo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sonya Siragusa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bozen, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, and Inter-Departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Lazzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Lorusso
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Ventura
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bozen, Italy.
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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44
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Corrêa TAF, Rogero MM, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM. The Two-Way Polyphenols-Microbiota Interactions and Their Effects on Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Nutr 2019; 6:188. [PMID: 31921881 PMCID: PMC6933685 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases can change the gut microbiota composition and function, and pathogenic bacteria contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. Polyphenols may act in the gut microbiota to favor the increase of beneficial bacteria and hamper the increase of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the microbiota may act on polyphenols to increase their bioavailability. This two-way interactions between polyphenols and the gut microbiota could affect human metabolism and reduce cardiometabolic risk. Despite the possible benefits of polyphenols for human health through modulating the microbiome, studies are scarce, and present several limitations. This review provides an overview of the polyphenol-microbiota interactions and its effects on metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Remission in Crohn's disease is accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota and mucins production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13263. [PMID: 31520001 PMCID: PMC6744406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in remission do not exhibit an improvement in gut microbiota composition, which might trigger relapses. The present study investigated the dysbiosis and mucins production in CD patients during remission. We performed an analytical cross-sectional single center study, which recruited 18 CD patients and 18 healthy controls (CG) residing in the same home, meaning that all of the participants experienced the same environmental factors, with similar hygiene status, diet, pollution and other common lifestyle characteristics that may influence the composition of the gut microbiota. When compared to healthy controls, the CD patients exhibited lower microbial α-diversity (p = 0.047), a greater abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum (p = 0.037) and a reduction in the Deltaproteobacteria class (p = 0.0006). There was also a reduction in the Akkermansia (p = 0.002) and Oscillospira (p = 0.024) genera and in the proportion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (p = 0.01). Additionally, CD patients in remission presented increased neutral (p = 0.001) and acid mucin (p = 0.002) concentrations. The reductions in the proportions of Oscollospira and Akkermansia genera, sulfate-reducing bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, observed in the CD group, may account for the increased mucins production observed in these patients.
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46
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Coffee prevents fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet by modulating pathways of the gut-liver axis. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e15. [PMID: 31037218 PMCID: PMC6477661 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee consumption is inversely associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A gap in the literature still exists concerning the intestinal mechanisms that are involved in the protective effect of coffee consumption towards NAFLD. In this study, twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups each receiving a standard diet, a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD plus decaffeinated coffee (HFD+COFFEE) for 12 weeks. Coffee supplementation reduced HFD-induced liver macrovesicular steatosis (P < 0·01) and serum cholesterol (P < 0·001), alanine aminotransferase and glucose (P < 0·05). Accordingly, liver PPAR- α (P < 0·05) and acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (P < 0·05) as well as duodenal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A1 (ABCA1) and subfamily G1 (ABCG1) (P < 0·05) mRNA expressions increased with coffee consumption. Compared with HFD animals, HFD+COFFEE mice had more undigested lipids in the caecal content and higher free fatty acid receptor-1 mRNA expression in the duodenum and colon. Furthermore, they showed an up-regulation of duodenal and colonic zonulin-1 (P < 0·05), duodenal claudin (P < 0·05) and duodenal peptide YY (P < 0·05) mRNA as well as a higher abundance of Alcaligenaceae in the faeces (P < 0·05). HFD+COFFEE mice had an energy intake comparable with HFD-fed mice but starting from the eighth intervention week they gained significantly less weight over time. Data altogether showed that coffee supplementation prevented HFD-induced NAFLD in mice by reducing hepatic fat deposition and metabolic derangement through modification of pathways underpinning liver fat oxidation, intestinal cholesterol efflux, energy metabolism and gut permeability. The hepatic and metabolic benefits induced by coffee were accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota.
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Key Words
- ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1
- ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G1
- ACOX1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- FFAR, free fatty acid receptor
- Gut microbiota
- Gut permeability
- HFD+COFFEE, HFD plus decaffeinated coffee
- HFD, high-fat diet
- LXR-α, liver X receptor-α
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PYY, peptide YY
- Polyphenols
- SD, standard diet
- ZO-1, zonulin-1
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47
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De Filippis F, Pasolli E, Tett A, Tarallo S, Naccarati A, De Angelis M, Neviani E, Cocolin L, Gobbetti M, Segata N, Ercolini D. Distinct Genetic and Functional Traits of Human Intestinal Prevotella copri Strains Are Associated with Different Habitual Diets. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:444-453.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Berni Canani R, Paparo L, Nocerino R, Di Scala C, Della Gatta G, Maddalena Y, Buono A, Bruno C, Voto L, Ercolini D. Gut Microbiome as Target for Innovative Strategies Against Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:191. [PMID: 30828329 PMCID: PMC6384262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic increase in food allergy prevalence and severity globally requires effective strategies. Food allergy derives from a defect in immune tolerance mechanisms. Immune tolerance is modulated by gut microbiota function and structure, and microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) have a pivotal role in the development of food allergy. Environmental factors, including a low-fiber/high-fat diet, cesarean delivery, antiseptic agents, lack of breastfeeding, and drugs can induce gut microbiome dysbiosis, and have been associated with food allergy. New experimental tools and technologies have provided information regarding the role of metabolites generated from dietary nutrients and selected probiotic strains that could act on immune tolerance mechanisms. The mechanisms are multiple and still not completely defined. Increasing evidence has provided useful information on optimal bacterial species/strains, dosage, and timing for intervention. The increased knowledge of the crucial role played by nutrients and gut microbiota-derived metabolites is opening the way to a post-biotic approach in the stimulation of immune tolerance through epigenetic regulation. This review focused on the potential role of gut microbiome as the target for innovative strategies against food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Di Scala
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Della Gatta
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ylenia Maddalena
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Buono
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Bruno
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Voto
- Department of Translational Medical Science – Pediatric Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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49
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Rampelli S, Guenther K, Turroni S, Wolters M, Veidebaum T, Kourides Y, Molnár D, Lissner L, Benitez-Paez A, Sanz Y, Fraterman A, Michels N, Brigidi P, Candela M, Ahrens W. Pre-obese children's dysbiotic gut microbiome and unhealthy diets may predict the development of obesity. Commun Biol 2018; 1:222. [PMID: 30534614 PMCID: PMC6286349 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the intestinal microbiome is connected to obesity, as key mediator of the diet impact on the host metabolic and immunological status. To investigate whether the individual gut microbiome has a potential in predicting the onset and progression of diseases, here we characterized the faecal microbiota of 70 children in a two-time point prospective study, within a four-year window. All children had normal weight at the beginning of this study, but 36 of them gained excessive weight at the subsequent check-up. Microbiome data were analysed together with the hosts' diet information, physical activity, and inflammatory parameters. We find that the gut microbiota structures were stratified into a discrete number of groups, characterized by different biodiversity that correlates with inflammatory markers and dietary habits, regardless of age, gender, and body weight. Collectively, our data underscore the importance of the microbiome-host-diet configuration as a possible predictor of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rampelli
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kathrin Guenther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Yiannis Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Stavrou Street 56, 2035 Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, József Attila u. 7, 7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 16, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Benitez-Paez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arno Fraterman
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Laboratoriumsmedizin Dortmund, Brauhausstraße 4, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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50
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Tuncil YE, Thakkar RD, Marcia ADR, Hamaker BR, Lindemann SR. Divergent short-chain fatty acid production and succession of colonic microbiota arise in fermentation of variously-sized wheat bran fractions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16655. [PMID: 30413754 PMCID: PMC6226458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the physical structuring of insoluble dietary fiber sources may strongly impact their processing by microbiota in the colon, relatively little mechanistic information exists to explain how these aspects affect microbial fiber fermentation. Here, we hypothesized that wheat bran fractions varying in size would be fermented differently by gut microbiota, which would lead to size-dependent differences in metabolic fate (as short-chain fatty acids; SCFAs) and community structure. To test this hypothesis, we performed an in vitro fermentation assay in which wheat bran particles from a single source were separated by sieving into five size fractions and inoculated with fecal microbiota from three healthy donors. SCFA production, measured by gas chromatography, uncovered size fraction-dependent relationships between total SCFAs produced as well as the molar ratios of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that these size-dependent metabolic outcomes were accompanied by the development of divergent microbial community structures. We further linked these distinct results to subtle, size-dependent differences in chemical composition. These results suggest that physical context can drive differences in microbiota composition and function, that fiber-microbiota interaction studies should consider size as a variable, and that manipulating the size of insoluble fiber-containing particles might be used to control gut microbiome composition and metabolic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus E Tuncil
- Food Engineering Department, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.,Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Riya D Thakkar
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arianna D Romero Marcia
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidad Zamorano, El Zamorano, 11101, Honduras
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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