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Beltran NM, Parra AN, Serrano AP, Castillo J, Castro IM, Elsey MK, Minervini V, Serafine KM. The Effects of Eating a Traditional High Fat/High Carbohydrate or a Ketogenic Diet on Sensitivity of Female Rats to Morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 391:30-38. [PMID: 39060162 PMCID: PMC11415821 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.124.002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with obesity are prescribed opioid medications at a higher rate than the general population; however, it is not known if eating a high fat diet might impact individual sensitivity to these medications. To explore the hypothesis that eating a high fat diet increases sensitivity of rats to the effects of morphine, 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/diet) ate either a standard (low fat) laboratory chow (17% kcal from fat), a high fat/low carbohydrate (ketogenic) chow (90.5% kcal from fat), or a traditional high fat/high carbohydrate chow (60% kcal from fat). Morphine-induced antinociception was assessed using a warm water tail withdrawal procedure, during which latency (in seconds) for rats to remove their tail from warm water baths was recorded following saline or morphine (0.32-56 mg/kg, i.p.) injections. Morphine was administered acutely and chronically (involving 18 days of twice-daily injections, increasing in 1/4 log dose increments every 3 days: 3.2-56 mg/kg, i.p., to induce dependence and assess tolerance). The adverse effects of morphine (i.e., tolerance, withdrawal, and changes in body temperature) were assessed throughout the study. Acute morphine induced comparable antinociception in rats eating different diets, and all rats developed tolerance following chronic morphine exposure. Observable withdrawal signs and body temperature were also comparable among rats eating different diets; however, withdrawal-induced weight loss was less severe for rats eating ketogenic chow. These results suggest that dietary manipulation might modulate the severity of withdrawal-related weight loss in ways that could be relevant for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Beltran
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Alyssa N Parra
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Ana Paulina Serrano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Jazmin Castillo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Isabella M Castro
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Madeline K Elsey
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Vanessa Minervini
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
| | - Katherine M Serafine
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas (N.M.B., A.N.P., A.P.S., J.C., I.M.C., M.K.E., K.M.S.); and Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (V.M.)
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Peters KZ, Naneix F. The role of dopamine and endocannabinoid systems in prefrontal cortex development: Adolescence as a critical period. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:939235. [PMID: 36389180 PMCID: PMC9663658 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.939235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in the control of complex cognitive processes including action control and decision making. It also shows a specific pattern of delayed maturation related to unique behavioral changes during adolescence and allows the development of adult cognitive processes. The adolescent brain is extremely plastic and critically vulnerable to external insults. Related to this vulnerability, adolescence is also associated with the emergence of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders involving alterations of prefrontal functions. Within prefrontal microcircuits, the dopamine and the endocannabinoid systems have widespread effects on adolescent-specific ontogenetic processes. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the maturation of the dopamine system and the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence. We discuss how they interact with GABA and glutamate neurons to modulate prefrontal circuits and how they can be altered by different environmental events leading to long-term neurobiological and behavioral changes at adulthood. Finally, we aim to identify several future research directions to help highlight gaps in our current knowledge on the maturation of these microcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Zara Peters
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Naneix
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fabien Naneix
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Crosstalk between neurological, cardiovascular, and lifestyle disorders: insulin and lipoproteins in the lead role. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:790-817. [PMID: 36149598 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired lipoprotein metabolism contribute to a plethora of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. These alterations have been extensively linked with poor lifestyle choices, such as consumption of a high-fat diet, smoking, stress, and a redundant lifestyle. Moreover, these are also known to increase the co-morbidity of diseases like Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin and lipoproteins exert a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, the tripping of balance between the periphery and center may alter the normal functioning of the brain and lead to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. These neurological disorders are further characterized by certain behavioral and molecular changes that show consistent overlap with alteration in insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting these two mechanisms not only reveals a way to manage the co-morbidities associated with the circle of the metabolic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disorders but also exclusively work as a disease-modifying therapy for neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of insulin resistance and lipoproteins in the progression of various neurological conditions and discuss the therapeutic options currently in the clinical pipeline targeting these two mechanisms; in addition, challenges faced in designing these therapeutic approaches have also been touched upon briefly.
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Blanco-Gandia MC, Montagud-Romero S, Rodríguez-Arias M. Binge eating and psychostimulant addiction. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:517-529. [PMID: 34631457 PMCID: PMC8475000 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the various factors, characteristics, and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction. Hedonic eating, based on pleasure rather than energy needs, modulates the same reward circuits, as do drugs of abuse. According to the last report of the World Health Organization, the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980, reaching especially critical levels in children and young people, who are overexposed to high-fat, high-sugar, energy-dense foods. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders. Herein, we review the most recent research on the subject, focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction. The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients. Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders, and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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Essawy AE, Abd Elkader HTAE, Khamiss OA, Eweda SM, Abdou HM. Therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV and Astragalus spinosus saponins against bisphenol A-induced neurotoxicity and DNA damage in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11930. [PMID: 34434659 PMCID: PMC8359804 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which humans are often subjected during daily life. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astragaloside IV (ASIV) or saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus (A. spinosus) against DNA damage and neurotoxic effects induced by BPA in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampal and striatal brain regions of developing male rats. Materials and Methods Juvenile PND20 (pre-weaning; age of 20 days) male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control, BPA, BPA+ASIV and BPA+A. spinosus saponins groups. Bisphenol A (125 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally to male rats from day 20 (BPA group) and along with ASIV (80 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ASIV group) or A. spinosus saponin (100 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ A. spinosus saponins group) from day 50 to adult age day 117. Results Increased level of nitric oxide (NO) and decreased level of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), glutaminase (GA) and glutamine synthetase (GS) were observed in the brain regions of BPA treated rats compared with the control. On the other hand, co-administration of ASIV or A. spinosus saponin with BPA considerably improved levels of these neurochemicals. The current study also revealed restoration of the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2A and NR2B) gene expression in BPA+ ASIV and BPA+A. spinosus saponins groups. The co-treatment of BPA group with ASIV or A. spinosus saponin significantly reduced the values of comet parameters as well as the intensity of estrogen receptors (ERs) immunoreactive cells and improved the histological alterations induced by BPA in different brain regions. Conclusion It could be concluded that ASIV or A. spinosus saponins has a promising role in modulating the neurotoxicity and DNA damage elicited by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Omaima A Khamiss
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI-USC), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Saber Mohamed Eweda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Mohamed Abdou
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rocha-Gomes A, Teixeira AE, Lima DSS, Rocha LDS, da Silva AA, Lessa MR, Pinto NAD, Stuckert-Seixas SR, Riul TR. Caloric restriction or cafeteria diet from birth to adulthood increases the sensitivity to ephedrine in anxiety and locomotion in Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113430. [PMID: 33865851 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and undernutrition, consequences of malnutrition, have been linked to the development of mental illnesses. Both states have been linked to increased sensitivity to some drugs, but there are few data for this association considering drugs with noradrenergic-dopaminergic action. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the nutritional status of animals treated with either a caloric restriction (CR) or cafeteria (CAF) diet from birth and their behavior after ephedrine application. METHODS During the lactation period, 12 litters of Wistar rats (dam + 8 pups) were fed one of three diets: control (n = 4), CR (n = 4), and CAF (n = 4). After weaning, the males were placed in individual boxes and received the same diet as their respective dams. Nutritional assessments were performed after weaning and in adulthood. In adulthood, males received either saline or ephedrine (20 mg/kg) and underwent behavioral tests including the elevated plus-maze, open-field, and food intake tests. RESULTS The CR group exhibited higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and lower food and caloric intake, weight gain, and fat mass than the control group. The CAF group exhibited lower food intake and higher fat caloric intake, fat mass, and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic lipid levels than the control group. These results indicated that the CR and CAF groups had developed undernutrition and obesity, respectively. In the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests, the CR and CAF groups showed lower anxiety-like behaviors than the control group after ephedrine application. This result indicates that the animal's nutritional status (undernutrition or obesity) can enhance ephedrine sensitivity. CONCLUSION The CR group exhibited undernutrition, whereas the CAF group exhibited obesity. Ephedrine altered anxiety and locomotion in animals that received the CR and CAF diets in manner different than that observed in animals receiving the standard diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Amanda Escobar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Deiviany Santana Santos Lima
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Luziane Dos Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues Lessa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Nísia Av Dessimoni Pinto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Sérgio R Stuckert-Seixas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil.
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Estes MK, Bland JJ, Ector KK, Puppa MJ, Powell DW, Lester DB. A high fat western diet attenuates phasic dopamine release. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135952. [PMID: 33979702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural rewards, such as food and social interaction, as well as drugs of abuse elicit increased mesolimbic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Drugs of abuse, however, increase NAc dopamine release to a greater extent and are known to induce lasting changes on the functioning of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. Less is known about the long-term effects of diet composition on this reward pathway. In the present study, two diets were compared: a higher-fat diet (Western Diet: WD) and a control diet (standard lab chow) on their effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Twenty male C57BL/6 J mice were placed on one of these diets at 7 weeks old. After twelve weeks on the diet, in vivo fixed potential amperometry was used to measure real-time stimulation-evoked dopamine release in the NAc of anesthetized mice before and after an i.p. injection of the dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor nomifensine. Results indicated that diet altered mesolimbic dopamine functioning. Mice that consumed the WD demonstrated a hypodopaminergic profile, specifically reduced baseline dopamine release and an attenuated dopaminergic response to DAT inhibition compared to the control diet group. Thus, diet may play a role in mediating dopamine-related behavior, disorders associated with dopamine dysfunction, and pharmacological treatments aimed at altering dopamine transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Estes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Jasric J Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Kenya K Ector
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Melissa J Puppa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Douglas W Powell
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Deranda B Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA.
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Angoa-Pérez M, Kuhn DM. Evidence for Modulation of Substance Use Disorders by the Gut Microbiome: Hidden in Plain Sight. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:571-596. [PMID: 33597276 PMCID: PMC7896134 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome modulates neurochemical function and behavior and has been implicated in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including developmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a serious threat to the public well-being, yet gut microbiome involvement in drug abuse has received very little attention. Studies of the mechanisms underlying SUDs have naturally focused on CNS reward circuits. However, a significant body of research has accumulated over the past decade that has unwittingly provided strong support for gut microbiome participation in drug reward. β-Lactam antibiotics have been employed to increase glutamate transporter expression to reverse relapse-induced release of glutamate. Sodium butyrate has been used as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to prevent drug-induced epigenetic alterations. High-fat diets have been used to alter drug reward because of the extensive overlap of the circuitry mediating them. This review article casts these approaches in a different light and makes a compelling case for gut microbiome modulation of SUDs. Few factors alter the structure and composition of the gut microbiome more than antibiotics and a high-fat diet, and butyrate is an endogenous product of bacterial fermentation. Drugs such as cocaine, alcohol, opiates, and psychostimulants also modify the gut microbiome. Therefore, their effects must be viewed on a complex background of cotreatment-induced dysbiosis. Consideration of the gut microbiome in SUDs should have the beneficial effects of expanding the understanding of SUDs and aiding in the design of new therapies based on opposing the effects of abused drugs on the host's commensal bacterial community. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Proposed mechanisms underlying substance use disorders fail to acknowledge the impact of drugs of abuse on the gut microbiome. β-Lactam antibiotics, sodium butyrate, and high-fat diets are used to modify drug seeking and reward, overlooking the notable capacity of these treatments to alter the gut microbiome. This review aims to stimulate research on substance abuse-gut microbiome interactions by illustrating how drugs of abuse share with antibiotics, sodium butyrate, and fat-laden diets the ability to modify the host microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donald M Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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Beltran NM, Ramos J, Galindo KI, Echeverri Alegre JI, Cruz B, Hernandez-Casner C, Serafine KM. Intermittent dietary supplementation with fish oil prevents high fat diet-induced enhanced sensitivity to dopaminergic drugs. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:9-20. [PMID: 33399293 PMCID: PMC7790933 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eating a high fat diet can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dopamine system dysfunction. For example, rats eating high fat chow are more sensitive than rats eating standard chow to the behavioral effects (e.g., locomotion and yawning) of dopaminergic drugs (e.g., quinpirole and cocaine). Daily dietary supplementation with 20% (w/w) fish oil prevents high fat diet-induced enhanced sensitivity to quinpirole-induced yawning and cocaine-induced locomotion; however, doctors recommend that patients take fish oil just two to three times a week. To test the hypothesis that intermittent (i.e., 2 days per week) dietary supplementation with fish oil prevents high fat diet-induced enhanced sensitivity to quinpirole and cocaine, rats eating standard chow (17% kcal from fat), high fat chow (60% kcal from fat), and rats eating standard or high fat chow with 20% (w/w) intermittent (e.g., 2 days per week) dietary fish oil supplementation were tested once weekly with quinpirole [0.0032-0.32 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or cocaine (1.0-17.8 mg/kg, i.p.) using a cumulative dosing procedure. Consistent with previous reports, eating high fat chow enhanced sensitivity of rats to the behavioral effects of quinpirole and cocaine. Intermittent dietary supplementation of fish oil prevented high fat chow-induced enhanced sensitivity to dopaminergic drugs in male and female rats. Future experiments will focus on understanding the mechanism(s) by which fish oil produces these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine M Serafine
- Department of Psychology
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22433. [PMID: 33384425 PMCID: PMC7775466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming more energy than is expended may reflect a failure of control over eating behaviour in obesity. Behavioural control arises from a balance between two dissociable strategies of reinforcement learning: model-free and model-based. We hypothesized that weight status relates to an imbalance in reliance on model-based and model-free control, and that it may do so in a linear or quadratic manner. To test this, 90 healthy participants in a wide BMI range [normal-weight (n = 31), overweight (n = 29), obese (n = 30)] performed a sequential decision-making task. The primary analysis indicated that obese participants relied less on model-based control than overweight and normal-weight participants, with no difference between overweight and normal-weight participants. In line, secondary continuous analyses revealed a negative linear, but not quadratic, relationship between BMI and model-based control. Computational modelling of choice behaviour suggested that a mixture of both strategies was shifted towards less model-based control in obese participants. Our findings suggest that obesity may indeed be related to an imbalance in behavioural control as expressed in a phenotype of less model-based control potentially resulting from enhanced reliance on model-free computations.
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Hartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. Preliminary evidence for an association between intake of high-fat high-sugar diet, variations in peripheral dopamine precursor availability and dopamine-dependent cognition in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12917. [PMID: 33270945 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in dopaminergic transmission and cognitive function. Rodent studies suggest that diets rich in saturated fat and refined sugars (HFS), as opposed to diets diets low in saturated fat and refined sugars (LFS), change the dopamine system independent of excessive body weight. However, the impact of HFS on the human brain has not been investigated. Here, we compared the effect of dietary dopamine depletion on dopamine-dependent cognitive task performance between two groups differing in habitual intake of dietary fat and sugar. Specifically, we used a double-blind within-subject cross-over design to compare the effect of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion on a reinforcement learning and a working memory task, in two groups that are on opposite ends of the spectrum of self-reported HFS intake (low vs high intake: LFS vs HFS group). We tested 31 healthy young women matched for body mass index (mostly normal weight to overweight) and IQ. Depletion of peripheral precursors of dopamine reduced the working memory specific performance on the operation span task in the LFS, but not in the HFS group (P = 0.016). Learning from positive- and negative-reinforcement (probabilistic selection task) was increased in both diet groups after dopamine depletion (P = 0.049). As a secondary exploratory research question, we measured peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP) at baseline as an estimate for central dopamine levels. The HFS group had a significantly higher pDAP at baseline compared to the LFS group (P = 0.025). Our data provide the first evidence indicating that the intake of HFS is associated with changes in dopamine precursor availability, which is suggestive of changes in central dopamine levels in humans. The observed associations are present in a sample of normal to overweight participants (ie, in the absence of obesity), suggesting that the consumption of a HFS might already be associated with altered behaviours. Alternatively, the effects of HFS diet and obesity might be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hartmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa K Pauli
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Figlewicz DP, Witkamp RF. FATTY ACIDS AS CELL SIGNALS IN INGESTIVE BEHAVIORS. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ramos J, Hardin EJ, Grant AH, Flores-Robles G, Gonzalez AT, Cruz B, Martinez AK, Beltran NM, Serafine KM. The Effects of Eating a High Fat Diet on Sensitivity of Male and Female Rats to Methamphetamine and Dopamine D 1 Receptor Agonist SKF 82958. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:6-15. [PMID: 32265322 PMCID: PMC7288732 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats eating high fat chow are more sensitive to the behavioral effects of dopaminergic drugs, including methamphetamine and the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole, than rats eating standard chow. However, limited work has explored possible sex differences regarding the impact of diet on drug sensitivity. It is also unknown whether eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of rats to other dopamine (e.g., D1) receptor agonists. To explore these possibilities, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats eating standard laboratory chow (17% kcal from fat) or high fat chow (60% kcal from fat) were tested once per week for 6 weeks with dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 (0.01-3.2 mg/kg) or methamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) using cumulative dosing procedures. Eating high fat chow increased sensitivity of male and female rats to methamphetamine-induced locomotion; however, only female rats eating high fat chow were more sensitive to SKF 82958-induced locomotion. SKF 82958-induced eye blinking was also marginally, although not significantly, enhanced among female rats eating high fat chow, but not males. Further, although dopamine D2 receptor expression was significantly increased for SKF 82958-treated rats eating high fat chow regardless of sex, no differences were observed in dopamine D1 receptor expression. Taken together, the present study suggests that although eating high fat chow enhances sensitivity of both sexes to dopaminergic drugs, the mechanism driving this effect might be different for males versus females. These data further demonstrate the importance of studying both sexes simultaneously when investigating factors that influence drug sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although it is known that diet can impact sensitivity to some dopaminergic drugs, sex differences regarding this effect are not well characterized. This report demonstrates that eating a high fat diet enhances sensitivity to methamphetamine, regardless of sex; however, sensitivity to dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 is increased only among females eating high fat chow, but not males. This suggests that the mechanism(s) driving diet-induced changes in drug sensitivity might be different between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Ramos
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Ethan J Hardin
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Alice H Grant
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Grace Flores-Robles
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Adrian T Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Arantxa K Martinez
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Nina M Beltran
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Katherine M Serafine
- Department of Psychology (J.R., E.J.H., G.F.-R., A.T.G., B.C., A.K.M, N.M.B., K.M.S.), Department of Biological Sciences (A.H.G.), and the Border Biomedical Research Center (K.M.S.), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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Darcey VL, Serafine KM. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vulnerability to Addiction: Reviewing Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2385-2401. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200429094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (N3) fatty acids are dietary nutrients that are essential for human health. Arguably, one of their most critical contributions to health is their involvement in the structure and function of the nervous system. N3 fatty acids accumulate in neuronal membranes through young adulthood, becoming particularly enriched in a brain region known to be the locus of cognitive control of behavior-the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC undergoes a surge in development during adolescence, coinciding with a life stage when dietary quality and intake of N3 fatty acids tend to be suboptimal. Such low intake may impact neurodevelopment and normative development of cognitive functions suggested to be protective for the risk of subsequent substance and alcohol use disorders (UD). While multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk for and resilience to substance and alcohol use disorders, mounting evidence suggests that dietary patterns early in life may also modulate cognitive and behavioral factors thought to elevate UD risk (e.g., impulsivity and reward sensitivity). This review aims to summarize the literature on dietary N3 fatty acids during childhood and adolescence and risk of executive/ cognitive or behavioral dysfunction, which may contribute to the risk of subsequent UD. We begin with a review of the effects of N3 fatty acids in the brain at the molecular to cellular levels–providing the biochemical mechanisms ostensibly supporting observed beneficial effects. We continue with a review of cognitive, behavioral and neurodevelopmental features thought to predict early substance and alcohol use in humans. This is followed by a review of the preclinical literature, largely demonstrating that dietary manipulation of N3 fatty acids contributes to behavioral changes that impact drug sensitivity. Finally, a review of the available evidence in human literature, suggesting an association between dietary N3 fatty and neurodevelopmental profiles associated with risk of adverse outcomes including UD. We conclude with a brief summary and call to action for additional research to extend the current understanding of the impact of dietary N3 fatty acids and the risk of drug and alcohol UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L. Darcey
- Georgetown University, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Washington DC, United States
| | - Katherine M. Serafine
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Common Neural Mechanisms of Palatable Food Intake and Drug Abuse: Knowledge Obtained with Animal Models. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2372-2384. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eating is necessary for survival, but it is also one of the great pleasures enjoyed by human beings.
Research to date shows that palatable food can be rewarding in a similar way to drugs of abuse, indicating
considerable comorbidity between eating disorders and substance-use disorders. Analysis of the common characteristics
of both types of disorder has led to a new wave of studies proposing a Gateway Theory of food as a vulnerability
factor that modulates the development of drug addiction. The homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms of
feeding overlap with some of the mechanisms implicated in drug abuse and their interaction plays a crucial role in
the development of drug addiction. Studies in animal models have shown how palatable food sensitizes the reward
circuit and makes individuals more sensitive to other substances of abuse, such as cocaine or alcohol. However,
when palatable food is administered continuously as a model of obesity, the consequences are different, and
studies provide controversial data. In the present review, we will cover the main homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms
that regulate palatable food intake behavior and will explain, using animal models, how different types of
diet and their intake patterns have direct consequences on the rewarding effects of psychostimulants and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Athauda D, Gulyani S, Karnati HK, Li Y, Tweedie D, Mustapic M, Chawla S, Chowdhury K, Skene SS, Greig NH, Kapogiannis D, Foltynie T. Utility of Neuronal-Derived Exosomes to Examine Molecular Mechanisms That Affect Motor Function in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the Exenatide-PD Trial. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:420-429. [PMID: 30640362 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist used in type 2 diabetes, was recently found to have beneficial effects on motor function in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Parkinson disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired brain insulin and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling play a role in PD pathogenesis; however, exploring the extent to which drugs engage with putative mechnisms in vivo remains a challenge. Objective To assess whether participants in the Exenatide-PD trial have augmented activity in brain insulin and Akt signaling pathways. Design, Setting, and Participants Serum samples were collected from 60 participants in the single-center Exenatide-PD trial (June 18, 2014, to June 16, 2016), which compared patients with moderate PD randomized to 2 mg of exenatide once weekly or placebo for 48 weeks followed by a 12-week washout period. Serum extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, were extracted, precipitated, and enriched for neuronal source by anti-L1 cell adhesion molecule antibody absorption, and proteins of interest were evaluated using electrochemiluminescence assays. Statistical analysis was performed from May 1, 2017, to August 31, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was augmented brain insulin signaling that manifested as a change in tyrosine phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 within neuronal extracellular vesicles at the end of 48 weeks of exenatide treatment. Additional outcome measures were changes in other insulin receptor substrate proteins and effects on protein expression in the Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Results Sixty patients (mean [SD] age, 59.9 [8.4] years; 43 [72%] male) participated in the study: 31 in the exenatide group and 29 in the placebo group (data from 1 patient in the exenatide group were excluded). Patients treated with exenatide had augmented tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at 48 weeks (0.27 absorbance units [AU]; 95% CI, 0.09-0.44 AU; P = .003) and 60 weeks (0.23 AU; 95% CI, 0.05-0.41 AU; P = .01) compared with patients receiving placebo. Exenatide-treated patients had elevated expression of downstream substrates, including total Akt (0.35 U/mL; 95% CI, 0.16-0.53 U/mL; P < .001) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (0.22 AU; 95% CI, 0.04-0.40 AU; P = .02). Improvements in Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part 3 off-medication scores were associated with levels of total mTOR (F4,50 = 5.343, P = .001) and phosphorylated mTOR (F4,50 = 4.384, P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study are consistent with target engagement of brain insulin, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways by exenatide and provide a mechanistic context for the clinical findings of the Exenatide-PD trial. This study suggests the potential of using exosome-based biomarkers as objective measures of target engagement in clinical trials using drugs that target neuronal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Athauda
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seema Gulyani
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sahil Chawla
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kashfia Chowdhury
- University College London Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S Skene
- University College London Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Cheong JL, de Pablo-Fernandez E, Foltynie T, Noyce AJ. The Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 10:775-789. [PMID: 32333549 PMCID: PMC7458510 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an emerging body of evidence has forged links between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In observational studies, those with T2DM appear to be at increased risk of developing PD, as well as experiencing faster progression and a more severe phenotype of PD, with the effects being potentially mediated by several common cellular pathways. The insulin signalling pathway, for example, may be responsible for neurodegeneration via insulin dysregulation, aggregation of amyloids, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered synaptic plasticity. In light of these potential shared disease mechanisms, clinical trials are now investigating the use of established diabetes drugs targeting insulin resistance in the management of PD. This review will discuss the epidemiological links between T2DM and PD, the potential shared cellular mechanisms, and assess the relevant treatment options for disease modification of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L.Y. Cheong
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo de Pablo-Fernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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18
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Gilman TL, Owens WA, George CM, Metzel L, Vitela M, Ferreira L, Bowman MA, Gould GG, Toney GM, Daws LC. Age- and Sex-Specific Plasticity in Dopamine Transporter Function Revealed by Food Restriction and Exercise in a Rat Activity-Based Anorexia Paradigm. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:268-277. [PMID: 31481515 PMCID: PMC6795746 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia typically emerge during adolescence, are characterized by engagement in compulsive and detrimental behaviors, and are often comorbid with neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuse. No effective treatments exist. Moreover, anorexia lacks adolescent animal models, contributing to a poor understanding of underlying age-specific neurophysiological disruptions. To evaluate the contribution of dopaminergic signaling to the emergence of anorexia-related behaviors during the vulnerable adolescent period, we applied an established adult activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm (food restriction plus unlimited exercise access for 4 to 5 days) to adult and adolescent rats of both sexes. At the end of the paradigm, measures of plasma volume, blood hormone levels, dopamine transporter (DAT) expression and function, acute cocaine-induced locomotion, and brain water weight were taken. Adolescents were dramatically more affected by the ABA paradigm than adults in all measures. In vivo chronoamperometry and cocaine locomotor responses revealed sex-specific changes in adolescent DAT function after ABA that were independent of DAT expression differences. Hematocrit, insulin, ghrelin, and corticosterone levels did not resemble shifts typically observed in patients with anorexia, though decreases in leptin levels aligned with human reports. These findings are the first to suggest that food restriction in conjunction with excessive exercise sex-dependently and age-specifically modulate DAT functional plasticity during adolescence. The adolescent vulnerability to this relatively short manipulation, combined with blood measures, evidence need for an optimized age-appropriate ABA paradigm with greater face and predictive validity for the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of anorexia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adolescent rats exhibit a distinctive, sex-specific plasticity in dopamine transporter function and cocaine response after food restriction and exercise access; this plasticity is both absent in adults and not attributable to changes in dopamine transporter expression levels. These novel findings may help explain sex differences in vulnerability to eating disorders and drug abuse during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lee Gilman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - W Anthony Owens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christina M George
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lauren Metzel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Melissa Vitela
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Livia Ferreira
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Melodi A Bowman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Glenn M Toney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (T.L.G., W.A.O., C.M.G., L.M., M.V., L.F., M.A.B., G.G.G., G.M.T., L.C.D.), Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.L.G., L.C.D.), Center for Biomedical Neuroscience (G.M.T., L.C.D.), and Department of Pharmacology (L.C.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Behavioral profile of intermittent vs continuous access to a high fat diet during adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111891. [PMID: 31009646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive functions have been broadly studied as a model of obesity, although no studies have evaluated whether these effects are maintained after the cessation of this diet. In addition, the behavioral effects of having a limited access to an HFD (binge-eating pattern) are mostly unknown, although they dramatically increase the vulnerability to drug use in contrast to having continuous access. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an intermittent versus a continuous exposure to an HFD during adolescence on cognition and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as to study the changes observed after the interruption of this diet. Adolescent male mice received for 40 days a standard diet, an HFD with continuous access or an HFD with sporadic limited access (2 h, three days a week). Two additional groups were fed with intermittent or continuous access to the HFD and withdrawn from this diet 15 days before the behavioral tests. Only the animals with a continuous access to the HFD showed higher circulating leptin levels, increased bodyweight, marked memory and spatial learning deficits, symptoms that disappeared after 15 days of HFD abstinence. Mice that binged on fat only showed hyperlocomotion, which normalized after 15 days of HFD cessation. However, discontinuation of fat, either in a binge or a continuous pattern, led to an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight that exposure to a high-fat diet during adolescence induces alterations in brain functions, although the way in which this diet is ingested determines the extent of these behavioral changes.
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Yoshizawa T, Shimada S, Takizawa Y, Makino T, Kanada Y, Ito Y, Ochiai T, Matsumoto K. Continuous measurement of locomotor activity during convalescence and acclimation in group-housed rats. Exp Anim 2019; 68:277-283. [PMID: 30760650 PMCID: PMC6699979 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotor activity is affected by a range of factors in addition to experimental
treatment, including the breeding environment. Appropriate convalescence and acclimation
are important for animal experiments, because environmental changes and physical burden
can result from surgery, transportation, and cage exchange. However, the duration that
locomotor activity is affected by these factors is currently unclear, because it has
traditionally been difficult to measure locomotor activity in multiple group-housed
animals in any location other than the analysis room. In the present study, we analyzed
the locomotor activity of group-housed rats using a nano tag® after surgery,
transportation, and cage exchange. The nano tag®, a new device for analyzing
activity, can measure locomotor activity in laboratory animals with no limitation on the
number of animals in same cage. Any type of cage can be used for analysis, at any time of
day, and in any location. Nano tags® were subcutaneously implanted in male rats
(F344/NSlc, 6 weeks of age) and locomotor activity was continuously measured after
surgery, transportation, and cage exchange. Significant activity changes were observed in
rats after transportation and cage exchange, 9 days and 3 h after the event, respectively.
The results suggest that continuous measurement of locomotor activity with nano
tags® can be used to monitor changes in activity induced by environmental
changes, and will be helpful for designing animal experiments analyzing locomotor
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin Shimada
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takizawa
- KISSEI COMTEC Co., Ltd., 4010-10 Wada, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Makino
- Biotechnical Center, Japan SLC, Inc., 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan.,Retired
| | - Yasuhide Kanada
- Biotechnical Center, Japan SLC, Inc., 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Ito
- KISSEI COMTEC Co., Ltd., 4010-10 Wada, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1293, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ochiai
- Biotechnical Center, Japan SLC, Inc., 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumoto
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Increased ethanol consumption after interruption of fat bingeing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194431. [PMID: 29590149 PMCID: PMC5874030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a marked comorbidity between alcohol abuse and eating disorders, especially in the young population. We have previously reported that bingeing on fat during adolescence increases the rewarding effects of ethanol (EtOH). The aim of the present work was to study if vulnerability to EtOH persists after cessation of binge eating. OF1 mice binged on fat (HFB: high-fat binge) during adolescence (PND 25-43) and were tested for 15 days after the last access to HFB (on PND 59) using the self-administration paradigm, the conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization to ethanol. Our results showed that after 15 days of cessation of fat ingestion, mice increased their consumption of ethanol and showed greater motivation to obtain ethanol. On the other hand, no effects were observed in the CPP, while an increased locomotor response to ethanol was detected. The present results confirm and extend our previous study demonstrating that the compulsive intake of fat induces long-lasting effects on the reward system that lead to an increased consumption of EtOH.
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Derman RC, Ferrario CR. Junk-food enhances conditioned food cup approach to a previously established food cue, but does not alter cue potentiated feeding; implications for the effects of palatable diets on incentive motivation. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:145-157. [PMID: 29555195 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to stem the global rise in obesity have been minimally effective, perhaps in part because our understanding of the psychological and behavioral drivers of obesity is limited. It is well established that stimuli that are paired with palatable foods can powerfully influence food-seeking and feeding behaviors. However, how consumption of sugary, fatty "junk-foods" affects these motivational responses to food cues is poorly understood. Here, we determined the effects of short- and long-term "junk-food" consumption on the expression of cue potentiated feeding and conditioned food cup approach to Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CS). Further, to determine the degree to which effects of "junk-food" were selective to Pavlovian motivational processes, we varied the predictive validity of the CS by including training groups conditioned with unique CS-US contingencies ranging from -1.0 to +1.0. "Junk-food" did not enhance cue potentiated feeding in any group, but expression of this potentiation effect varied with the CS-US contingency independent of diet. In contrast, "junk-food" consistently enhanced conditioned approach to the food cup; this effect was dependent on the previously established CS-US contingency. That is, consumption of "junk-food" following training enhanced approach to the food cup only in response to CSs with previously positive CS-US contingencies. This was accompanied by reduced motivation for the US itself. Together these data show that "junk-food" consumption selectively enhances incentive motivational responses to previously established food CSs, without altering cue potentiated feeding induced by these same CSs, and in the absence of enhanced motivation for food itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifka C Derman
- University of Michigan, Department of Pharmacology, United States
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- University of Michigan, Department of Pharmacology, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, United States.
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Housing conditions modulate the reinforcing properties of cocaine in adolescent mice that binge on fat. Physiol Behav 2018; 183:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Reichelt AC, Rank MM. The impact of junk foods on the adolescent brain. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Reichelt
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; Melbourne VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Michelle M. Rank
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; Melbourne VIC 3083 Australia
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Protective effects of the GLP-1 mimetic exendin-4 in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:260-270. [PMID: 28927992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists as neuroprotective treatments in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease following the publication of the results of the Exenatide-PD trial. Of the current GLP-1 receptor agonists already licensed to treat Type 2 diabetes several including exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide are the subject of ongoing clinical trials in PD. The underlying rationale for using drugs licensed and effective for T2DM in PD patients therefore needs to be scrutinized, and the results obtained to date critically reviewed. We review the relationship between insulin resistance and Parkinson's disease, the implications on pathogenesis and the efforts to reposition GLP-1 agonists as potential treatments for Parkinson's disease and give an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of exenatide in Parkinson's disease with a discussion regarding possible mechanisms of action. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Dietary supplementation with fish oil prevents high fat diet-induced enhancement of sensitivity to the behavioral effects of quinpirole. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:477-484. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2337-2352. [PMID: 28456841 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed. METHODS Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began. RESULTS HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Impact of Early Consumption of High-Fat Diet on the Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0120-17. [PMID: 28580417 PMCID: PMC5454405 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) can impact the maturation of brain circuits, such as during adolescence, which could account for behavioral alterations associated with obesity. In the present study, we used behavioral sensitization to amphetamine to investigate the effect of periadolescent HFD exposure (pHFD) in rats on the functionality of the dopamine (DA) system, a central actor in food reward processing. pHFD does not affect responding to an acute injection, however, a single exposure to amphetamine is sufficient to induce locomotor sensitization in pHFD rats. This is paralleled by rapid neurobiological adaptations within the DA system. In pHFD-exposed animals, a single amphetamine exposure induces an increase in bursting activity of DA cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as well as higher DA release and greater expression of (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Post-synaptically, pHFD animals display an increase in NAc D2 receptors and c-Fos expression after amphetamine injection. These findings highlight the vulnerability of DA system to the consumption of HFD during adolescence that may support deficits in reward-related processes observed in obesity.
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Fordahl SC, Jones SR. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Deficits in Dopamine Terminal Function Are Reversed by Restoring Insulin Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:290-299. [PMID: 27966885 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemically released insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to insulin receptors on several neural cell types, including dopaminergic neurons. Insulin has been shown to decrease dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but potentiate release and reuptake at dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here we show that prolonged consumption of a high fat diet blocks insulin's effects in the NAc, but insulin's effects are restored by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which supports insulin receptor signaling. Mice fed a high fat diet (60% kcals from fat) displayed significantly higher fasting blood glucose 160 mg/dL, compared to 101 mg/dL for control-diet-fed mice, and high-fat-diet-fed mice showed reduced blood glucose clearance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to measure electrically evoked dopamine in brain slices containing the NAc core, high-fat-diet-fed mice exhibited slower dopamine reuptake compared to control-diet-fed mice (2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.67 ± 0.15 μM/s, respectively). Moreover, glucose clearance rate was negatively correlated with Vmax. Insulin (10 nM to 1 μM) dose dependently increased reuptake rates in control-diet-fed mice compared with in the high-fat-diet group; however, the small molecule insulin receptor sensitizing agent, TCS 401 (300 nM), restored reuptake in high-fat-diet-fed mice to control-diet levels, and a small molecule inhibitor of the insulin receptor, BMS 536924 (300 nM), attenuated reuptake, similar to high-fat-diet-fed mice. These data show that a high-fat diet impairs dopamine reuptake by attenuating insulin signaling at dopamine terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C. Fordahl
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sara R. Jones
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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Nguyen JCD, Ali SF, Kosari S, Woodman OL, Spencer SJ, Killcross AS, Jenkins TA. Western Diet Chow Consumption in Rats Induces Striatal Neuronal Activation While Reducing Dopamine Levels without Affecting Spatial Memory in the Radial Arm Maze. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:22. [PMID: 28232794 PMCID: PMC5299010 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats fed high fat diets have been shown to be impaired in hippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks, such as spatial recognition in the Y-maze and reference memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). It is clear from previous studies, however, that motivation and reward factor into the memory deficits associated with obesity and high-fat diet consumption, and that the prefrontal cortex and striatum and neurotransmitter dopamine play important roles in cognitive performance. In this series of studies we extend our research to investigate the effect of a high fat diet on striatal neurochemistry and performance in the delayed spatial win-shift radial arm maze task, a paradigm highly reliant on dopamine-rich brain regions, such as the striatum after high fat diet consumption. Memory performance, neuronal activation and brain dopaminergic levels were compared in rats fed a “Western” (21% fat, 0.15% cholesterol) chow diet compared to normal diet (6% fat, 0.15% cholesterol)-fed controls. Twelve weeks of dietary manipulation produced an increase in weight in western diet-fed rats, but did not affect learning and performance in the delayed spatial win-shift radial arm maze task. Concurrently, there was an observed decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum and a reduction of dopamine turnover in the hippocampus in western diet-fed rats. In a separate cohort of rats Fos levels were measured after rats had been placed in a novel arena and allowed to explore freely. In normal rats, this exposure to a unique environment did not affect neuronal activation. In contrast, rats fed a western diet were found to have significantly increased Fos expression in the striatum, but not prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Our study demonstrates that while western diet consumption in rats produces weight gain and brain neuronal and neurotransmitter changes, it did not affect performance in the delayed spatial win-shift paradigm in the radial arm maze. We conclude that modeling the cognitive decline-obesity relationship is complex with considerations, of type of memory, behavioral task and dietary intervention (fat, fat and sugar, sugar, and cafeteria diets) all adding to our overall understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C D Nguyen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Saher F Ali
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sepideh Kosari
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - A Simon Killcross
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Trisha A Jenkins
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Cantacorps L, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Valverde O, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Effects of bingeing on fat during adolescence on the reinforcing effects of cocaine in adult male mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:31-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Dietary supplementation with fish oil prevents high fat diet-induced enhancement of sensitivity to the locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine in adolescent female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 165:45-52. [PMID: 27242289 PMCID: PMC4939100 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating a diet high in fat can lead to obesity, chronic metabolic disease, and increased inflammation in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Dietary supplements that are high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce or prevent these negative health consequences in rats. Eating high fat chow also increases the sensitivity of rats to behavioral effects of drugs acting on dopamine systems (e.g., cocaine), and this effect is greatest in adolescent females. METHODS The present experiment tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with fish oil prevents high fat chow induced increases in sensitivity to cocaine in adolescent female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (post-natal day 25-27) ate standard laboratory chow (5.7% fat), high fat chow (34.4% fat), or high fat chow supplemented with fish oil (20% w/w). Cocaine dose dependently (1-17.8mg/kg) increased locomotion and induced sensitization across 6 weeks of once-weekly testing in all rats; however, these effects were greatest in rats eating high fat chow. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with fish oil prevented enhanced locomotion and sensitization in rats eating high fat chow. There were no differences in inflammatory markers in plasma or the hypothalamus among dietary conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that dietary supplementation with fish oil can prevent high fat diet-induced sensitization to cocaine, but they fail to support the view that these effects are due to changes in proinflammatory cytokines. These data add to a growing literature on the relationship between diet and drug abuse and extend the potential health benefits of fish oil to stimulant drug abuse prevention.
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High fat diet augments amphetamine sensitization in mice: Role of feeding pattern, obesity, and dopamine terminal changes. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:170-182. [PMID: 27267686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High fat (HF) diet-induced obesity has been shown to augment behavioral responses to psychostimulants that target the dopamine system. The purpose of this study was to characterize dopamine terminal changes induced by a HF diet that correspond with enhanced locomotor sensitization to amphetamine. C57BL/6J mice had limited (2hr 3 d/week) or extended (24 h 7 d/week) access to a HF diet or standard chow for six weeks. Mice were then repeatedly exposed to amphetamine (AMPH), and their locomotor responses to an amphetamine challenge were measured. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry was used to identify changes in dopamine terminal function after AMPH exposure. Exposure to a HF diet reduced dopamine uptake and increased locomotor responses to acute, high-dose AMPH administration compared to chow fed mice. Microdialysis showed elevated extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) coincided with enhanced locomotion after acute AMPH in HF-fed mice. All mice exhibited locomotor sensitization to amphetamine, but both extended and limited access to a HF diet augmented this response. Neither HF-fed group showed the robust amphetamine sensitization-induced increases in dopamine release, reuptake, and amphetamine potency observed in chow fed animals. However, the potency of amphetamine as an uptake inhibitor was significantly elevated after sensitization in mice with extended (but not limited) access to HF. Conversely, after amphetamine sensitization, mice with limited (but not extended) access to HF displayed reduced autoreceptor sensitivity to the D2/D3 agonist quinpirole. Additionally, we observed reduced membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) levels after HF, and a shift in DAT localization to the cytosol was detected with limited access to HF. This study showed that different patterns of HF exposure produced distinct dopamine terminal adaptations to repeated AMPH, which differed from chow fed mice, and enhanced sensitization to AMPH. Locomotor sensitization in chow fed mice coincided with elevated DAT function and increased AMPH potency; however, the enhanced behavioral response to AMPH after HF exposure was unique in that it coincided with reduced DAT function and diet pattern-specific adaptations.
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35
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Décarie-Spain L, Hryhorczuk C, Fulton S. Dopamine signalling adaptations by prolonged high-fat feeding. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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German CL, Baladi MG, McFadden LM, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE. Regulation of the Dopamine and Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Pharmacological Targets and Implications for Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:1005-24. [PMID: 26408528 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L German
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michelle G Baladi
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa M McFadden
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Glen R Hanson
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Annette E Fleckenstein
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Oginsky MF, Maust JD, Corthell JT, Ferrario CR. Enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and intrinsic excitability of NAc medium spiny neurons in adult but not in adolescent rats susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:773-84. [PMID: 26612617 PMCID: PMC4752900 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Basal and diet-induced differences in mesolimbic function, particularly within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), may contribute to human obesity; these differences may be more pronounced in susceptible populations. OBJECTIVES We examined differences in cocaine-induced behavioral plasticity in rats that are susceptible vs. resistant to diet-induced obesity and basal differences in striatal neuron function in adult and in adolescent obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. METHODS Susceptible and resistant outbred rats were identified based on "junk-food" diet-induced obesity. Then, the induction and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, which is mediated by enhanced striatal function and is associated with increased motivation for rewards and reward-paired cues, were evaluated. Basal differences in mesolimbic function were examined in selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats (P70-80 and P30-40) using both cocaine-induced locomotion and whole-cell patch clamping approaches in NAc core medium spiny neurons (MSNs). RESULTS In rats that became obese after eating junk-food, the expression of locomotor sensitization was enhanced compared to non-obese rats, with similarly strong responses to 7.5 and 15 mg/kg cocaine. Without diet manipulation, obesity-prone rats were hyper-responsive to the acute locomotor-activating effects of cocaine, and the intrinsic excitability of NAc core MSNs was enhanced by ∼60 % at positive and negative potentials. These differences were present in adult, but not adolescent rats. Post-synaptic glutamatergic transmission was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesolimbic systems, particularly NAc MSNs, are hyper-responsive in obesity-prone individuals, and interactions between predisposition and experience influence neurobehavioral plasticity in ways that may promote weight gain and hamper weight loss in susceptible rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max F Oginsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joel D Maust
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John T Corthell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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