1
|
Chan JCH, Leung D, Chan SM, Tam IYS, Lam JHY, Chan KW, Zhang K, Chiu TLH, Yeung THM, Chung GMH, Rosa Duque JS, Lau YL. Seroepidemiology of Measles and Rubella Among Hong Kong Young Adults and the Humoral Responses of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Booster Among Participants With Low Antibody Levels. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:1367-1375. [PMID: 38839048 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals may not retain adequate immunity against measles and rubella years after 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination due to vaccine failure. This study aimed to investigate the rates of vaccine failure and seroconversion by administering an MMR booster to young adults. METHODS We first assessed measles and rubella antibody levels using the Luminex multiplex assay, Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) immunoglobulin G assay, and plaque reduction neutralization test among individuals aged 18-30 years who had received 2 doses of MMR vaccine. Participants with low measles and/or rubella antibody levels as confirmed by VIDAS received an MMR booster. Antibody levels were measured at 1 month postbooster. RESULTS Among 791 participants, the measles and rubella seroprevalence rates were 94.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.9%-96.0%) and 97.3% (95% CI, 96.0%-98.3%), respectively. Lower seroprevalence rates were observed among older participants. One hundred thirteen participants who received an MMR booster acquired higher measles and rubella antibody levels at 1 month postbooster compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Although measles and rubella vaccine failures were observed among 5.3% and 2.7% of young adults, respectively, an MMR booster triggered a significant antibody response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery C H Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Issan Y S Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jennifer H Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Koon Wing Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Timothy L H Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tom H M Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gabriel M H Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuo Y, Lu Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Han J, Du J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Fu C. Rubella antibody levels in the healthy Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1472189. [PMID: 39600703 PMCID: PMC11590121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1472189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To gain a comprehensive understanding of rubella seroprevalence in the healthy population in China and to offer data-driven support for the goal of rubella elimination. Methods CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM, PubMed, web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to collect studies reporting the positive rate of rubella antibody among the Chinese healthy populations between 2001 and 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis using R language, and data were combined using random effects model. Results A total of 97 studies were included, encompassing a sample size of 103,018. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of rubella antibody positivity in the Chinese healthy population was 77.29% (95% CI: 75.26-79.33). The prevalence of rubella antibody varied significantly based on age and vaccination status. Among the age groups studied, the <1-year-old group exhibited the lowest positivity rate for rubella antibody at 47.87% (95% CI: 41.53-54.21),while the ≥50 years old group showed the highest positivity rate at 85.43% (95% CI: 81.01-89.85); individuals with a history of vaccination demonstrated a higher antibody positivity rate compared to those without vaccination history. Conclusions The prevalence of rubella antibody in healthy Chinese population is relatively low. In order to establish a solid immunity threshold levels, it requires conducting timely immunization programs on key groups such as middle school students and the women of childbearing age on the basis of ensuring a high level of rubella-containing-vaccines (RCV) coverage, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating rubella. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024607949.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhuo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- The Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Makhupane T, Habedi D. Rubella epidemiology in Lesotho after vaccine introduction: a five-year review, 2018-2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2874. [PMID: 39425042 PMCID: PMC11487765 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rubella virus is a major contributor to birth defects globally and is preventable by vaccination. In 2020, the world was supposed to be free of both rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) however this goal has yet to be realized with only 93 out of 194 WHO member states confirmed rubella-free in 2020. METHODS A retrospective measles and rubella case-based surveillance data record review was conducted from 2018 to 2022 to document rubella epidemiology after the introduction of rubella vaccination in Lesotho and progress toward elimination. All samples submitted for surveillance purposes and tested for rubella were considered but only filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Of the 1041 samples that were tested for rubella between 2018 and 2022, 10 (1%) were confirmed measles positive and were excluded from further analysis. The median age of the respondents was 6.0 (IQR 4.0-8.0.) years. About 643 (62.4%) of respondents were in the age category of 5 - <13 years. Rubella prevalence was 1% (95% CI; 0.5 -1.8%). The non-measles, non-rubella rash illness rate of 2 per 100 000 population was obtained at the national level each year of the study period but by only 2 of the country's 10 districts in 2021. CONCLUSIONS The study showed low rubella prevalence. Rubella infection was predominant in those aged 5 - < 13 years. Failure to meet surveillance targets at certain time points during the study period may have led to an underestimation of rubella cases. There is a need to improve the quality of measles and rubella surveillance in Lesotho. Supplementary immunization activities would also be useful in closing immunity gaps, limiting outbreaks, and advancing rubella and CRS elimination in Lesotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thabelo Makhupane
- Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Tshwane, South Africa.
- Department of Paediatrics, Maseru Regional Hospital, Maseru, Lesotho.
| | - Dsk Habedi
- Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa Public Health Discipline City of Tshwane, Tshwane, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dedloff MR, Lazear HM. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Interferon Lambda at the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Annu Rev Virol 2024; 11:363-379. [PMID: 38848605 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFN-λ, type III IFN, IL-28/29) is a family of antiviral cytokines that are especially important at barrier sites, including the maternal-fetal interface. Recent discoveries have identified important roles for IFN-λ during pregnancy, particularly in the context of congenital infections. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the activity of IFN-λ at the maternal-fetal interface, highlighting cell types that produce and respond to IFN-λ in the placenta, decidua, and endometrium. Further, we discuss the role of IFN-λ during infections with congenital pathogens including Zika virus, human cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and Listeria monocytogenes. We discuss advances in experimental models that can be used to fill important knowledge gaps about IFN-λ-mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Dedloff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Helen M Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Winter AK, Moss WJ. Possible Paths to Measles Eradication: Conceptual Frameworks, Strategies, and Tactics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:814. [PMID: 39066451 PMCID: PMC11281665 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles elimination refers to the interruption of measles virus transmission in a defined geographic area (e.g., country or region) for 12 months or more, and measles eradication refers to the global interruption of measles virus transmission. Measles eradication was first discussed and debated in the late 1960's shortly after the licensure of measles vaccines. Most experts agree that measles meets criteria for disease eradication, but progress toward national and regional measles elimination has slowed. Several paths to measles eradication can be described, including an incremental path through country-wide and regional measles elimination and phased paths through endgame scenarios and strategies. Infectious disease dynamic modeling can help inform measles elimination and eradication strategies, and all paths would be greatly facilitated by innovative technologies such as microarray patches to improve vaccine access and demand, point-of-contact diagnostic tests to facilitate outbreak responses, and point-of-contact IgG tests to identify susceptible populations. A pragmatic approach to measles eradication would identify and realize the necessary preconditions and clearly articulate various endgame scenarios and strategies to achieve measles eradication with an intensified and coordinated global effort in a specified timeframe, i.e., to "go big and go fast". To encourage and promote deliberation among a broad array of stakeholders, we provide a brief historical background and key considerations for setting a measles eradication goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Winter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - William J. Moss
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chyderiotis S, Derhy S, Gaillot J, Cobigo A, Zanetti L, Piel C, Mueller JE. Providing parents with HPV vaccine information from a male perspective may render them more inclined to have their daughters vaccinated. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104908. [PMID: 38604410 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several high-income countries have implemented a gender-neutral vaccination program against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The impact of a gender-neutral program (GNP) on parental intention to vaccinate their daughters has not been studied, especially in countries with low HPV vaccine coverage among girls. PATIENTS AND METHODS In July 2019, before a GNP was implemented in France (2021), the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) conducted a survey on HPV vaccine acceptance among parents of children aged 11-19 years living in France. In the sample of girls' parents (n = 1424 parents, 1726 girls), we investigated whether parents who declared no initial intention to have their daughter(s) vaccinated changed their minds after reading information including a male perspective on HPV consisting in description of HPV-related disease among men and in ascertainment of the fact that in some countries, the HPV vaccine is recommended for boys, after which they were once again asked about their intentions "if the vaccine were recommended to boys and girls alike". RESULTS As regards 295 (25.7 %) of the 1147 unvaccinated girls, their parents declared no intention to have them vaccinated, while 509 (44.4 %) were not sure. Among the parents of the 804 girls whose parents had not intended to have them vaccinated, 134 (16.7 %) changed their minds after reading about HPV among men. Fathers were more likely than mothers to change their minds, and finally intend to have their daughters vaccinated (adjusted relative risk, 1.74 [95 % confidence interval, 1.20,2.54]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that parents, and fathers in particular, could be more motivated to have their daughters vaccinated against HPV if the information with which they were provided included a male perspective and a recommendation of vaccination for boys as well as girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Derhy
- French National Cancer Institute (INCa), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Julie Gaillot
- French National Cancer Institute (INCa), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Alexandre Cobigo
- French National Cancer Institute (INCa), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Laura Zanetti
- French National Authority for Health, St-Denis la Plaine, France
| | - Clément Piel
- French National Authority for Health, St-Denis la Plaine, France
| | - Judith E Mueller
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; EHESP French School of Public Health, Paris and Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kilich G, Perelygina L, Sullivan KE. Rubella virus chronic inflammatory disease and other unusual viral phenotypes in inborn errors of immunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:113-137. [PMID: 38009321 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious susceptibility is a component of many inborn errors of immunity. Nevertheless, antibiotic use is often used as a surrogate in history taking for infectious susceptibility, thereby disadvantaging patients who present with viral infections as their phenotype. Further complicating clinical evaluations are unusual manifestations of viral infections which may be less familiar that the typical respiratory viral infections. This review covers several unusual viral phenotypes arising in patients with inborn errors of immunity and other settings of immune compromise. In some cases, chronic infections lead to oncogenesis or tumor-like growths and the conditions and mechanisms of viral-induced oncogenesis will be described. This review covers enterovirus, rubella, measles, papillomavirus, and parvovirus B19. It does not cover EBV and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis nor lymphomagenesis related to EBV. EBV susceptibility has been recently reviewed. Our goal is to increase awareness of the unusual manifestations of viral infections in patients with IEI and to describe treatment modalities utilized in this setting. Coincidentally, each of the discussed viral infections can have a cutaneous component and figures will serve as a reminder of the physical features of these viruses. Given the high morbidity and mortality, early recognition can only improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonench Kilich
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ludmila Perelygina
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Han Y, Li C, Wang M, Yang B, Zhang X, Zhao L. Seroepidemiology study of rubella virus antibodies among neonates and pregnant women at hospitals in Henan province, China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29340. [PMID: 38131155 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rubella virus infection can cause vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy. In China's Henan province, rubella surveillance needs to be well-established. In this research, a total of 1933 neonates and 2502 pregnant women were enrolled, and their sera for IgG and IgM antibodies against rubella were tested by chemiluminescence assay. Of 1933 neonates' sera tested, the seropositive of rubella IgG was 68.7%. The seroprevalence of rubella IgM in neonates was 0.4%. 30.9% of neonates had negative results for IgG and IgM antibodies. Two thousand five hundred and two pregnant women participated in the serosurvey, and 79.3% were rubella IgG positive. Rubella IgG seropositivity in pregnant women differed by age and number of births. 0.8% of the pregnant women had positive results for IgM against the rubella virus. The seronegative of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies in pregnant women was 19.8%. Due to the negative rubella-specific IgG antibody, many neonates remain at risk of rubella virus infection. Rubella virus continues to spread since some neonates and pregnant women with rubella-specific IgM antibody positive have been detected. Rubella vaccination may be introduced for childbearing-age women to increase immunity levels against rubella with periodic sero-surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengshi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Beibei Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hönemann M, Scharfenberg E, Dietze N, Claus C, Jochmann C, Liebert UG. Rubella virus-associated uveitis at a tertiary care hospital in Germany between 2013 and 2019. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:447. [PMID: 37932668 PMCID: PMC10629089 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is a process of intraocular inflammation that may involve different sections of the uveal tract. Apart from systemic or localized immune-mediated diseases, infections are key players in the etiology of uveitis and entail different treatment strategies. Rubella virus (RuV) is a recognized causative agent for the development of Fuchs uveitis, representing a major cause of virus-associated intraocular inflammation. A cohort of 159 patients diagnosed with different forms of uveitis between 2013 and 2019 was subjected to diagnostic antibody testing of the aqueous or vitreous humor. The diagnostic panel included RuV, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and toxoplasmosis. Within this cohort, 38 RuV-associated uveitis (RAU) patients were identified based on a pathologic Goldman-Witmer coefficient indicative of an underlying RuV infection. With a mean age of 45.9 years, the RAU patients were younger than the non-RAU patients (56.3, p < 0.001). The evaluation of clinical parameters revealed a predominance of anterior uveitis and late sequalae such as cataract and glaucoma among the RAU patients. In 15 of the patients a history of prior RuV infections could be confirmed. The study underlines the importance of long-term surveillance of RuV associated diseases that originate from infections before the introduction of RuV vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hönemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth Scharfenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Dietze
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Jochmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Gerd Liebert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Du J, Che X, Gu W, Wang J, Jiang W, Liu Y. Do adolescents need a rubella vaccination campaign? Rubella serosurvey among healthy children in Hangzhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2254536. [PMID: 37750387 PMCID: PMC10524778 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2254536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of rubella antibodies and factors associated with antibody seropositivity after vaccination among healthy children aged 14 and below. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit participants for the rubella serological test. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to detect human IgG antibodies with avidity for rubella virus in the sera of participants. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze associations between variables. A total of 778 subjects were included in the subsequent analysis. The overall positive rate of rubella antibody was 83.0% (95%CI: 80.2-85.5%), and the overall geometric mean concentration (GMC) was 58.05 IU/ml. In multivariate analysis, gender, residence, birth year group, and time since the last rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) vaccination were significantly associated with the seroprevalence of rubella antibodies. Our study showed a decreasing trend in rubella antibody positivity and GMC in the population aged five to 14 years. Therefore, we recommend a catch-up dose of RCV for adolescents and young people aged over 14 years not yet vaccinated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinren Che
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Popova G, Retallack H, Kim CN, Wang A, Shin D, DeRisi JL, Nowakowski T. Rubella virus tropism and single-cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids. eLife 2023; 12:RP87696. [PMID: 37470786 PMCID: PMC10370260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus is an important human pathogen that can cause neurological deficits in a developing fetus when contracted during pregnancy. Despite successful vaccination programs in the Americas and many developed countries, rubella remains endemic in many regions worldwide and outbreaks occur wherever population immunity is insufficient. Intense interest since rubella virus was first isolated in 1962 has advanced our understanding of clinical outcomes after infection disrupts key processes of fetal neurodevelopment. Yet it is still largely unknown which cell types in the developing brain are targeted. We show that in human brain slices, rubella virus predominantly infects microglia. This infection occurs in a heterogeneous population but not in a highly microglia-enriched monoculture in the absence of other cell types. By using an organoid-microglia model, we further demonstrate that rubella virus infection leads to a profound interferon response in non-microglial cells, including neurons and neural progenitor cells, and this response is attenuated by the presence of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Popova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hanna Retallack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Chang N Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - David Shin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tomasz Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asrat B, Shimelis T, Assefa AA, Hussen S. Seroprevalence of rubella virus infection among antenatal care clients of Halaba Town public health facilities, southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7220. [PMID: 37137969 PMCID: PMC10156672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus infection during pregnancy has several effects on the developing fetus. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the infection in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of rubella virus infection on consecutive 299 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in public health facilities in Halaba Town, Southern Ethiopia. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics. Venous blood samples were collected, and sera were tested for anti-rubella IgM and IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-rubella IgG and IgM were detected in 265 (88.6%) and 15 (5.0%) of 299 participants, respectively. Pregnant women in their first trimester [crude odds ratio (cOR) = 4.26; 95% CI (1.47, 12.4)] were at increased risk of having anti-rubella IgM compared to those in their second and third trimesters. Urban residents [cOR = 4.06; 95% CI (1.94, 8.47)] were with a higher percentage of IgG positivity compared to rural residents. Anti-rubella IgG positivity was higher in housewives [cOR = 2.94; 95% CI (1.07, 8.04)] compared to self-employed women. Our findings showed a high prevalence of rubella virus exposure, and considerable percentages of recent infection and susceptible women to contracting the infection, emphasizing the importance of congenital rubella syndrome in the research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bedilu Asrat
- Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region Public Health Institute, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Techalew Shimelis
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abiyu Ayalew Assefa
- Department of Public Health, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Siraj Hussen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanbayashi D, Kurata T, Kaida A, Kubo H, Yamamoto SP, Egawa K, Hirai Y, Okada K, Kaida Y, Ikemori R, Yumisashi T, Ito A, Saito T, Yamaji Y, Nishino Y, Omori R, Mori H, Motomura K, Ikuta K. Shedding of rubella virus in postsymptomatic individuals; viral RNA load is a potential indicator to estimate candidate patients excreting infectious rubella virus. J Clin Virol 2023; 160:105377. [PMID: 36682339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first isolation of rubella virus (RuV) in 1962, comprehensive data regarding the quantitative evaluation of RuV shedding remain unavailable. In this study, we evaluated the shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus in patients with acute RuV infection. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed 767 specimens, including serum/plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), throat swabs, and urine, obtained from 251 patients with rubella. The viral RNA load and the presence of infectious RuV were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and virus isolation. RESULTS Virus excretion peaked 0-2 days after rash onset and decreased over time. The median viral RNA load dropped to an undetectable level on day 3 after rash onset in serum/plasma, day 2 in PBMCs, days 10-13 in throat swabs, and days 6-7 in urine. Infectious virus could be isolated for up to day 2 after rash onset in serum/plasma, day 1 in PBMCs, days 8-9 in throat swabs, and days 4-5 in urine. The minimum viral RNA load that allowed virus isolation was 961 copies/mL in serum/plasma, 784 copies/mL in PBMCs, 650 copies/mL in throat swabs, and 304 copies/mL in urine. A higher viral RNA load indicated a higher likelihood of the presence of infectious virus. CONCLUSION These findings would contribute to improve algorithms for rubella surveillance and diagnosis. In addition, this study indicates that the results of RT-qPCR enable efficient rubella control by estimating candidate patients excreting infectious virus, which could help prevent viral transmission at an early stage and eliminate rubella ultimately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kanbayashi
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Takako Kurata
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kubo
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Seiji P Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Egawa
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirai
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaida
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikemori
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yumisashi
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ayami Ito
- Osaka City Public Health Bureau, Osaka City Health Center, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Osaka City Public Health Bureau, Osaka City Health Center, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamaji
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, Osaka, 540-8570, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishino
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, Osaka, 540-8570, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Haruyo Mori
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; BioAcademia Inc., Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ejaz H, Zeeshan HM, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Ahmad F, Abdalla AE, Anwar N, Junaid K, Younas S, Sadiq A, Atif M, Bukhari SNA. Rubella Virus Infections: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scientific Literature from 2000 to 2021. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2562. [PMID: 36554085 PMCID: PMC9778829 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus (RuV) generally causes a mild infection, but it can sometimes lead to systemic abnormalities. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of over two decades of RuV research. Medical studies published from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed to gain insights into and identify research trends and outputs in RuV. R and VOSviewer were used to conduct a bibliometric investigation to determine the globally indexed RuV research output. The Dimensions database was searched with RuV selected as the subject, and 2500 published documents from the preceding two decades were reviewed. The number of publications on RuV has increased since 2003, reaching its peak in 2020. There were 12,072 authors and 16,769 author appearances; 88 publications were single-authored and 11,984 were multi-authored. The United States was the most influential contributor to RuV research, in terms of publications and author numbers. The number of RuV-related articles has continued to increase over the past few years due to the significant rubella burden in low-income nations. This study will aid in formulating plans and policies to control and prevent RuV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Computer Sciences, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Abid Iqbal
- Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Anwar
- Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 32038, Bahrain
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sonia Younas
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ashina Sadiq
- Department of Computer Science, Lahore Leads University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stein RA, Grayon A, Katz A, Chervenak FA. The Zika virus: an opportunity to revisit reproductive health needs and disparities. Germs 2022; 12:519-537. [PMID: 38021183 PMCID: PMC10660223 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
First isolated in 1947, the Zika virus was initially connected only to limited or sporadic human infections. In late 2015, the temporal clustering of a Zika outbreak and microcephaly in newborn babies from northeastern Brazil, and the identification of a causal link between the two, led to the characterization of the congenital Zika syndrome. In the wake of the epidemic, several countries from Latin America advised women to postpone pregnancies for periods ranging from six months to two years. These recommendations initiated critical conversations about the challenges of implementing them in societies with limited access to contraception, widespread socioeconomic inequalities, and high rates of unplanned and adolescent pregnancies. The messaging targeted exclusively women, despite a high prevalence of imbalances in the relationship power, and addressed all women as a group, failing to recognize that the decision to postpone pregnancies will impact different women in different ways, depending on their age at the time. Finally, in several countries affected by the Zika epidemic, due to restrictive reproductive policies, legally terminating a pregnancy is no longer an option even at the earliest time when brain malformations as part of the congenital Zika syndrome can be detected by ultrasonography. The virus continued to circulate after 2016 in several countries. Climate change models predict an expansion of the geographical area where local Zika transmission may occur, indicating that the interface between the virus, teratogenesis, and reproductive rights is a topic of considerable interest for medicine, social sciences, and public health for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Stein
- MD, PhD, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn 11201, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Grayon
- NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn 11201, NY, USA
| | - Adi Katz
- MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, 110 E 77th Street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Frank A. Chervenak
- MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, 110 E 77th Street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Xu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Du J, Che X, Gu W, Zhang X, Jiang W, Wang Y. Epidemiological characteristic of rubella by age group during 12 years after the national introduction of rubella vaccine in Hangzhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2054208. [PMID: 35344684 PMCID: PMC9225618 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2054208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the implementation and impact of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) by describing the rubella epidemiology and seroepidemiology in Hangzhou. We collected rubella cases of Hangzhou in the Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in China between 2009 and 2020, and performed a descriptive analysis. We applied a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to recruit participants for serological tests of rubella. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against rubella in serum samples. Univariate and multivariate analyses are used to detect the association between the level of rubella IgG and related factors. The incidence of rubella cases per million population decreased from 15.8 in 2009 to .1 in 2020. The proportion of rubella cases in women of childbearing age was higher than in men. A total of 4,362 subjects were tested serologically for rubella. The percentage of people whose rubella IgG antibody titers were above the minimum protective level (20 IU/ml) was 80.60% (95% CI: 79.4%–81.8%) and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) for rubella IgG was 58.34 IU/ml. The data indicated that Hangzhou had made good progress toward the elimination of rubella, whereas women of childbearing age still had a higher proportion of rubella cases, which might lead to increased risk of subsequent CRS. The positive rate and GMC of rubella IgG were significantly influenced by age and immunization history of RCV. Therefore, we should stress the importance of pushing forward the campaign for supplementary vaccination of rubella in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinren Che
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raghunathan PL, Orenstein W. Investing in global measles and rubella elimination is needed to avert deaths and advance health equity. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1363-e1364. [PMID: 36113510 PMCID: PMC9904879 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima L Raghunathan
- Accelerated Disease Control Branch, Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Walter Orenstein
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kanai M, Kamiya H, Okuno H, Sunagawa T, Tanaka-Taya K, Matsui T, Oishi K, Kitajima H, Takeda M, Mori Y. Epidemiology of Congenital Rubella Syndrome Related to the 2012-2013 Rubella Epidemic in Japan. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:400-403. [PMID: 35699483 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the epidemiological characteristics of 45 congenital rubella syndrome cases in Japan following the 2012-2013 rubella epidemic. Rubella still poses significant health burdens and the uptake of rubella-containing vaccines among women of childbearing age should be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Kanai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Osaka City Public Health Office, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Okuno
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomimasa Sunagawa
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamano Matsui
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Director, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitajima
- Department of Neonatology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mori
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Han Z, Kang C, Cui A, Zhang Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Deng L, Zhao H, Zhou J, Li F, Zhou S, Feng D, Tian X, Feng Y, Cui X, Lei Y, Wang Y, Yuan F, Fan L, Tang X, Chen M, Peng X, Guo Y, Gao H, Wang S, Li L, Zhang T, Deng X, Chen H, Wang S, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Xu W. Importation and circulation of rubella virus lineages 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c between 2018 and 2021 in China: Virus evolution and spatial-temporal transmission characteristics. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac083. [PMID: 36533147 PMCID: PMC9752544 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the importation and circulation patterns of rubella virus lineages 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c circulating in China since 2018, 3,312 viral strains collected from 27 out of 31 provinces in China between 2018 and 2021 were sequenced and analyzed with the representative international strains of lineages 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c based on genotyping region. Time-scale phylogenetic analysis revealed that the global lineages 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c presented distinct evolutionary patterns. Lineage 1E-L2 circulated in relatively limited geographical areas (mainly Asia) and showed geographical and temporal clustering, while lineage 2B-L2c strains circulated widely throughout the world and exhibited a complicated topology with several independently evolved branches. Furthermore, both lineages showed extensive international transmission activities, and phylogeographic inference provided evidence that lineage 1E-L2 strains circulating in China possibly originated from Japan, while the source of lineage 2B-L2c isolated since 2018 is still unclear. After importation into China in 2018, the spread of lineage 1E-L2 presented a three-stage transmission pattern from southern to northern China, whereas lineage 2B-L2c spread from a single point in western China to all the other four regions. These two transmission patterns allowed both imported lineages to spread rapidly across China during the 2018-9 rubella epidemic and eventually established endemic circulations. This study provides critical scientific data for rubella control and elimination in China and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyun Kang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Immunization Program, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province China
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Microbiological Testing, Chongqing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Virology, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Microbiological Testing, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Department of Immunization Program, Neimeng Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhehaote City, Neimeng Province, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxian Cui
- Division of Microbiology, Shanghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, Tianjin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Immunization Program, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Virology, Ningxia Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Inspection and Testing Center, Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Department of Virology, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Immunization Prevention Institute, Beijing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- Institute of Immunization, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Immunization, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Disease Inspection, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Suting Wang
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Immunization Program, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Virus Detection Department, Institute of Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Department of Expanded Programme on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Testing and Inspection Institute, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Immunization Planning Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen MH, Abernathy E, Icenogle JP, Perelygina LM. Improved diagnostic and multiplex RT-qPCR for detecting rubella viral RNA. J Virol Methods 2022; 306:114555. [PMID: 35654258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An examination of the nucleic acid sequence alignment of 48 full-length rubella virus genomes revealed that the 5' terminus of the genome is more conserved than the commonly used detection windows for rubella virus RNA located in the E1 protein coding region, suggesting that the 5' terminus could be a target for improving detection of all rubella virus genotypes. Two candidate primer sets were tested and the window between nucleotides (nts) 98 and 251 was found to have the greatest analytical sensitivity for detection of different genotypes. The new method had a limit of detection of four copies of rubella RNA per reaction with high specificity. The average coefficient variation of Ct was 2.2%. Concordance between the new method and currently used method, based on testing 251 clinical specimens collected from a rubella outbreak, was 99.4%. The assay was further improved upon by the incorporation of detection of both rubella virus RNA and mRNA from a cellular reference gene in a multiplex format. The multiplex format did not reduce the sensitivity or the reproducibility of rubella RNA detection and, of 60 specimens tested, the concordance between the single target and multiplex assays was 85.0%. To assess the utility of the multiplex assay for molecular surveillance, 62 rubella IgM positive serum samples from a rubella outbreak were tested, and eleven tested positive using the multiplex method while none were positive using the method targeting E1. These results show that the assay based on the new detection window near the 5' terminus of the genome can improve the detection of rubella virus for the purpose of molecular surveillance and case confirmation, with the added benefit of improved efficiency due to multiplexing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsin Chen
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Emily Abernathy
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Joseph P Icenogle
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ludmila M Perelygina
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ibrahim NA, Mahallawi WH. Rubella Humoral Immunity Among the Saudi Population of Madinah in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:375-380. [PMID: 35537526 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining herd immunity against the rubella virus is important for controlling the spread and recurrence of rubella. Rubella vaccination for children has been affordable in Saudi Arabia since 1982. To assess the immune response derived from vaccination, we assessed the seroprevalence against the rubella virus among the population of the Madinah region. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure anti-rubella IgG antibodies in 791 serum samples obtained from 336 (42.5%) men and 455 (57.5%) women, ranging from 14 to 49 years in age. Among all participants, 94.2% were seropositive for rubella IgG antibodies, indicating a high degree of immunization. However, 5.8% of participants were seronegative, suggesting a population of either poor vaccine responders or the potential risk of waning vaccine-induced immunity. No significant difference or association with rubella seropositivity was identified according to age, sex, or pregnancy status. The median anti-rubella IgG antibody concentrations differed significantly between age groups (p < 0.001). Although a high percentage of the tested population in Madinah demonstrated anti-rubella IgG antibody seropositivity, a notable percentage of the population were seronegative, making them susceptible to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir A Ibrahim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Mahallawi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Notarangelo LD. Rubella Virus-Associated Granulomas in Immunocompetent Adults-Possible Implications. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:611-613. [PMID: 35338703 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schulz H, Neale M, Zubach V, Severini A, Hiebert J. Development of a rapid, internally controlled, two target, real-time RT-PCR for detection of rubella virus. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114500. [PMID: 35217102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rubella surveillance in elimination setting relies on rapid molecular detection of the virus. In this study a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of rubella virus was validated. The assay includes three independent probes with unique reporter dyes for the simultaneous detection of the rubella viral coding regions for envelope glycoprotein E1 and non-structural p150 protein, and an endogenous control (human RNaseP). Using dilution series of synthetic RNAs, the limits of detection were determined to be at least 50 copies of rubella RNA. The assay is reproducible with low intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for both the E1 and the p150 targets. After testing 62 confirmed rubella positive and 165 rubella negative archival clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex assay were 98.4 and 100%, respectively. No cross reactivity was identified with clinical specimens positive for eleven other viruses. This multiplex assay successfully detected nine viral genotypes including the predominant genotypes 1E, 1 G, 1 J, and 2B as well as the 1a vaccine genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Schulz
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie Neale
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Zubach
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Alberto Severini
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Viral Vaccines. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8830773 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|