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Komba S, Hase M, Kotake-Nara E. Organic Synthesis of New Secosteroids from Fucosterol, Its Intestinal Absorption by Caco-2 Cells, and Simulation of the Biological Activities of Vitamin D. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:540. [PMID: 37888475 PMCID: PMC10608315 DOI: 10.3390/md21100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously examined the cellular uptake of six types of vitamin D in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Since vitamins D5-D7 were commercially unavailable, we synthesized these compounds organically before studying them. This process led us to understand that new secosteroids could be generated as vitamin D candidates, depending on the sterol used as the starting material. We obtained two new secosteroids-compounds 3 and 4-from fucosterol in the current study. We investigated the intestinal absorption of these compounds using Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwells and compared the results with vitamin D3, a representative secosteroid. The intestinal absorption of compound 4 was comparable to that of vitamin D3. Compound 3 showed similar uptake levels but transported about half as much as vitamin D3. These compounds demonstrated intestinal absorption at the cellular level. Vitamin D is known for its diverse biological activities manifest after intestinal absorption. Using PASS online simulation, we estimated the biological activity of compound 3's activated form. In several items indicated by PASS, compound 3 exhibited stronger biological activity than vitamins D2-D7 and was also predicted to have unique biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Komba
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Hase
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Antifungal activity of vitamin D 3 against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127200. [PMID: 36162148 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC), characterized by high morbidity and mortality, has become a serious concern. The limitations of current antifungal drugs on the market underscores the importance of the development of novel antifungal agents. In the present study, the antifungal activity of vitamin D3 (VD3) against various Candida species was investigated. In vitro, the broth microdilution method and solid plate assay confirmed that VD3 inhibited the growth of Candida spp. in a broad-spectrum, dose-dependent manner. VD3 also had a significant antifungal effect on the initiation, development, and maturation phases of biofilm formation in Candida albicans. The mechanism of VD3 action was explored by transcriptomics and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, and showed that VD3 affects ribosome biogenesis, coenzyme metabolism, and carbon metabolism. These results suggested that VD3 may have multitarget effects against C. albicans. In the murine IAC model, VD3 reduced the fungal burden in the liver, kidneys, and small intestine. Further histopathological analysis and quantification of plasma cytokine levels confirmed that VD3 treatment significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the levels of plasma interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Taken together, these findings suggest a new antifungal mechanism for VD3 and indicate that VD3 could be an effective therapeutic agent for use in IAC treatment.
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3
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Popli H, Gupta A, Singh V, Agarwal V, Akilan R, Kumar A. Are Low Serum Vitamin D Levels a Risk Factor for Advent of COVID-19 Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Preliminary Case Control Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:3529-3533. [PMID: 35036352 PMCID: PMC8751664 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether low serum vitamin D level is a risk factor for development of Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in COVID-19 afflicted patients. A case control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital utilizing the archived records of COVID-19 afflicted Rhinocerebral mucormycosis cases and age and gender matched controls. The mean value (± standard deviation) of vitamin D level in patients with Mucormycosis was 19.65 ± 13.07 ng/ml and in control subjects it was 27.88 ± 18.04 ng/ml.There was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.02). Thus, low Vitamin D level may be implicated as a risk factor for the advent of mucormycosis in a COVID-19 afflicted patient and therefore Vitamin D supplements may be provided to such patients to achieve normal serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Popli
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Ambika Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Varsha Agarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - R Akilan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
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4
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Sam QH, Ling H, Yew WS, Tan Z, Ravikumar S, Chang MW, Chai LYA. The Divergent Immunomodulatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Medium Chain Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126453. [PMID: 34208638 PMCID: PMC8234078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are derived from diet and fermentative processes by the intestinal flora. Two to five carbon chain fatty acids, termed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are increasingly recognized to play a role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the characteristics of slightly longer 6 to 10 carbon, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), derived primarily from diet, are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that SCFA and MCFA have divergent immunomodulatory propensities. SCFA down-attenuated host pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα response predominantly through the TLR4 pathway, whereas MCFA augmented inflammation through TLR2. Butyric (C4) and decanoic (C10) acid displayed most potent modulatory effects within the SCFA and MCFA, respectively. Reduction in TRAF3, IRF3 and TRAF6 expression were observed with butyric acid. Decanoic acid induced up-regulation of GPR84 and PPARγ and altered HIF-1α/HIF-2α ratio. These variant immune characteristics of the fatty acids which differ by just several carbon atoms may be attributable to their origins, with SCFA being primarily endogenous and playing a physiological role, and MCFA exogenously from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui Sam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Q.H.S.); (Z.T.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (H.L.); (W.S.Y.); (M.W.C.)
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (H.L.); (W.S.Y.); (M.W.C.)
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (H.L.); (W.S.Y.); (M.W.C.)
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Zhaohong Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Q.H.S.); (Z.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Sharada Ravikumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Q.H.S.); (Z.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (H.L.); (W.S.Y.); (M.W.C.)
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Q.H.S.); (Z.T.); (S.R.)
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555; Fax: +65-6872-4130
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5
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Bruno M, Dewi IM, Matzaraki V, ter Horst R, Pekmezovic M, Rösler B, Groh L, Röring RJ, Kumar V, Li Y, Carvalho A, Netea MG, Latgé JP, Gresnigt MS, van de Veerdonk FL. Comparative host transcriptome in response to pathogenic fungi identifies common and species-specific transcriptional antifungal host response pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:647-663. [PMID: 33510868 PMCID: PMC7817431 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis cause the majority of nosocomial fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Using an unbiased transcriptional profiling in PBMCs exposed to the fungal species causing these infections, we found a core host response in healthy individuals that may govern effective fungal clearance: it consists of 156 transcripts, involving canonical and non-canonical immune pathways. Systematic investigation of key steps in antifungal host defense revealed fungal-specific signatures. As previously demonstrated, Candida albicans induced type I and Type II interferon-related pathways. In contrast, central pattern recognition receptor, reactive oxygen species production, and host glycolytic pathways were down-regulated in response to Rhizopus oryzae, which was associated with an ER-stress response. TLR5 was identified to be uniquely regulated by Aspergillus fumigatus and to control cytokine release in response to this fungus. In conclusion, our data reveals the transcriptional profiles induced by C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and R. oryzae, and describes both the common and specific antifungal host responses that could be exploited for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Intan M.W. Dewi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vicky Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Pekmezovic
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Berenice Rösler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laszlo Groh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J. Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, Joint Ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mark S. Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Guevara MA, Lu J, Moore RE, Chambers SA, Eastman AJ, Francis JD, Noble KN, Doster RS, Osteen KG, Damo SM, Manning SD, Aronoff DM, Halasa NB, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Vitamin D and Streptococci: The Interface of Nutrition, Host Immune Response, and Antimicrobial Activity in Response to Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3131-3140. [PMID: 33170652 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus species are common causes of human infection. These Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterial pathogens infect diverse anatomic spaces, leading to infections including skin and soft tissue infection, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media, chorioamnionitis, sepsis, and even death. Risk for streptococcal infection is highest in low- and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiency is common. Epidemiological data reveal that vitamin D deficiency is associated with enhanced risk of streptococcal infection and cognate disease outcomes. Additionally, vitamin D improves antibacterial defenses by stimulating innate immune processes such as phagocytosis and enhancing production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst) and antimicrobial peptides (including cathelicidin and lactoferrin), which are important for efficient killing of bacteria. This review presents the most recent published work that studies interactions between the micronutrient vitamin D, the host immune system, and pathogenic streptococci as well as comparisons with other relevant infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Schuyler A. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alison J. Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jamisha D. Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristen N. Noble
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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7
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Muhvić-Urek M, Saltović E, Braut A, Kovačević Pavičić D. Association between Vitamin D and Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8040121. [PMID: 33096916 PMCID: PMC7712357 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) is a fungal infection affecting 60–65% of denture wearers. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial and often associated with host immunodeficiency. Evidence exists that vitamin D has potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this case–control study was to assess the association between vitamin D levels and CADS. The study included 32 complete denture wearers with CADS and 32 sex- and age-matched complete denture wearers without CADS. The patients were clinically examined, and the severity of denture stomatitis was assessed according to Newton’s classification scale. The serum vitamin D level was determined via the use of an electrochemiluminescence assay. The vitamin D level in the CADS group and control group was 54.68 ± 17.07 and 56.82 ± 17.75 nmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.622). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of CADS was not associated with hypovitaminosis D (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37–5.54). It can be concluded that vitamin D is not associated with CADS and does not play a significant role in host susceptibility to CADS. This finding suggests that vitamin D screening is not indicated routinely in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Muhvić-Urek
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ema Saltović
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Braut
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kovačević Pavičić
- Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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8
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Ghahartars M, Ahmadyan M, Salimkhanian M, Yazdanpanah S, Parvizi MM, Zomorodian K. Levels of zinc and vitamin D3 in patients with pityriasis versicolor:A study in Southern Iran, Shiraz. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14427. [PMID: 33070430 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghahartars
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadyan
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimkhanian
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yazdanpanah
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Alswailmi FK, Shah SIA, Nawaz H. IMMUNOMODULATORY ROLE OF VITAMIN D: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IN INFECTIONS AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/18.03.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts its well-known effects on bone health and calcium-phosphate homeostasis primarily through the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway. Vitamin D also has several extra-skeletal actions and its deficiency is not only implicated in musculoskeletal disorders, but also cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions and cancers. There is a growing body of research highlighting the link of vitamin D deficiency and alterations in vitamin D signaling with certain infections and autoimmune disorders although the evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive. Vitamin D has been suggested to play a fundamental role in curbing infections and mitigating autoimmune disease processes. The present review was undertaken to explore the promise of vitamin D as a protective agent and a clinically useful therapeutic adjunct against infections and autoimmune diseases and identify knowledge gaps and limitations of the available data for informing future work. An exhaustive search was conducted in established databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Springer for articles published on vitamin D, immunity, infection and autoimmune disorders. All relevant articles published in the English language between the year 200 and 2020 were retrieved for writing the review. Although a considerable body of evidence highlighting the potential clinical benefits of vitamin D against the development of various autoimmune conditions and for the prevention of infections has emerged over the last decade, the findings are limited by the lack of appropriately designed randomized controlled trials which are needed to formulate precise clinical recommendations.
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10
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Hu S, Dai J, Chen X. Vitamin D reduces autophagy by regulating NF-κB resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Gene 2020; 753:144819. [PMID: 32485309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is one of the indispensable nutrients of human body. When vitamin D is deficient, it can cause a series of related diseases, such as respiratory tract infection. The regulatory role of vitamin D in inflammatory immune response and defense has attracted more and more attention. However, few studies have shown that vitamin D regulates inflammation and autophagy in Aspergillus fumigatus infected lungs. In this study, we will explain the mechanism of vitamin D regulating inflammation and autophagy in Aspergillus fumigatus infected lungs. METHODS Different concentrations of Aspergillus fumigatus spores were injected into mice with deficien diets (VitD-) or sufficient vitamin D (VitD + ) , and the survival rates were recorded. Then, the weight changes of rats were measured every other time. At the same time, a gauze was used to filter the lapped lung tissue to get the pulmonary spores and measured the amount of the spores. The mice with the same concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus infected were cut off and the lung tissue for pathological examination in the deficien diets (VitD-) group or sufficient vitamin D (VitD + ) group. Moreover, the expression of inflammation related factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in lung was measured by immunohistochemical method. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in the serum of vitamin D deficiency and sufficient mice were measured by ELISA. In vitro, we obtained macrophages from healthy mice and mixed cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus spores and lung macrophages in medium with or without vitamin D. After the cells were infected with Aspergillus fumigatus spores, the expressions of NF-κB and IL-8 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The RAW264.7 cells transfected with GFP-LC3BII were mixed with Aspergillus fumigatus spores, and the expression of cell fluorescence was observed by the fluorescence microscope with or without chloroquine and rapamycin , and the autophagy flow of the cells was measured by Western blot. In the RAW264.7 cells, Lentivirus transfection and SiRNA technologies were used to enhance or reduce the expression of the NF-κB gene (siNF-κB) for investgating the influence of high or low expression of NF-κB in the autophagic flow of vitamin D + or vitamin D-treated RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS The survival rate of vitamin D deficient mice infected Aspergillus fumigatus was significantly lower than that of vitamin D sufficient mice, while the number of spores, spore activity, pathological changes of lungs and inflammation in the lungs of vitamin D deficient mice were more severe than that of vitamin D sufficient mice. In vitro cell experiments, when cell was stimulated with vitamin D, the expressions of NF-κB and IL-8 in cells were lower. The autophagic flux and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and LC3BII in vitamin D group were significantly lower than those in vitamin D deficiency group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency can aggravate the inflammatory damage in the lungs of Aspergillus fumigatus. When the body is sufficient in vitamin D, if the lungs infect Aspergillus fumigatus spores, the body may resist the infection of Aspergillus fumigatus by reducing the expression of NF-κB, inflammatory factors and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, PR China.
| | - Xiufeng Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, PR China.
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Sunlight exposure, consumption of vitamin D-rich foods and vulvovaginal candidiasis in an African population: a prevalence case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:518-526. [PMID: 31636409 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To date, only two studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D (vitD) deficiency and candidiasis in spite of vitD's antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles. We examined the relationship between sunlight exposure and consumption of vitD-rich foods, markers of vitD status, and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in an African population to add to the limited evidence and stimulate additional research. SUBJECTS/METHODS Three hundred cases (females diagnosed as suffering from VVC) and three hundred controls (females diagnosed as suffering from any condition other than VVC) were selected from three health facilities in Cape Coast, Ghana. Sunlight exposure was assessed in a structured questionnaire with a food frequency questionnaire used to ascertain the frequency of consumption of vitD-rich foods. RESULTS Self-reported low sunlight exposure was associated with 3.38 (95% CI:1.99, 5.74) increased odds of VVC. Low and moderate sunlight exposure estimated by outdoor visits was also associated with increased odds of VVC. In sensitivity analysis restricted to matched sunlight exposure data, low and moderate exposure was associated with 5.78 (95% CI: 2.57, 12.99) and 3.53 (95% CI: 1.85, 6.75) increased odds of VVC. Odds of VVC increased with decreasing levels of consumption of vitD-rich foods (Likelihood-ratio test trend p = 0.1382). In the joint analysis, low and moderate vitD intake was associated with much higher increased odds of VVC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings should be confirmed in prospective studies and clinical trials to strengthen the evidence base for preventive action and to also inform clinical decision making.
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Baisa GA, Plum L, Marling S, Seeman J, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D is not required for adaptive immunity to listeria. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14209. [PMID: 31464083 PMCID: PMC6713852 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ex vivo research suggests that vitamin D may play a role in innate and adaptive immunity, clear in vivo evidence is lacking. We have tested whether severe vitamin D deficiency alters the ability of mice to resist infection by Listeria. Our results show that vitamin D deficiency does not affect the LD50 of naïve mice in response to Listeria. To study the adaptive immune response, the LD50 for Listeria-immunized mice was determined for vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-sufficient mice. Although the LD50 clearly increased by immunization with inactivated Listeria, there was no effect of vitamin D deficiency on survival of mice infected with wild-type Listeria. Thus, in this model of adaptive immunity, we could find no evidence of a role for vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Baisa
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Lori Plum
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Steve Marling
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | | | - Hector F. DeLuca
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
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13
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Xie J, Zhu L, Zhu T, Jian Y, Ding Y, Zhou M, Feng X. Vitamin D-supplemented yogurt drink reduces Candida infections in a paediatric intensive care unit: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:512-517. [PMID: 30773722 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Candida infections in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has dramatically increased as a result of resistance to conventional anti-fungal treatments. Because vitamin D has been shown to exhibit fungicidal activity against Candida infection in an in vitro antimicrobial screening, we aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on Candida infections in the PICU. METHODS Four hundred sixteen eligible children aged between 12 months to 5 years old admitted to the PICU, who were on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two study groups, receiving a plain yogurt drink (placebo group) or supplemented with 300 IU day-1 vitamin D (VD group). Primary outcome was defined as the incidences of Candida colonisation (Candida isolated from rectal swab) 14 days after enrollment. Secondary outcome measures were Candida growth in blood (candidaemia) and urine (candiduria). RESULTS The prevalence of candiduria as well as candidaemia was significantly lower in the VD-treated group (26 cases) than in the placebo group (62 cases). The mean (SD) length of PICU stay was obviously lowered in the VD group [11.8 (1.2) days] compared to the placebo group [15.2 (2.3 days)], whereas cases of patient death were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of vitamin D effectively reduces infections of Candida in children who were critically ill and on broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xie
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - L Zhu
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - T Zhu
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Jian
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Ding
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - M Zhou
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - X Feng
- Nursing Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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14
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Bivona G, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Scazzone C, Butera D, Gambino CM, Iacolino G, Bellia C, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D in malaria: more hypotheses than clues. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01183. [PMID: 30793054 PMCID: PMC6370580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune response and brain development. Low blood 25(OH)D levels have been reported in patients affected by infectious diseases caused by parasites, including malaria. Despite the high effectiveness of antimalarials, malaria is burdened with high morbidity and mortality, and the search for additional therapies is rapidly growing. Furthermore, available preventive measures have proved to be barely effective so far. Finding new prevention and therapy tools is a matter of urgency. Studies on animal models and humans have hypothesized some mechanisms by which the hormone can influence malaria pathogenesis, and the role of Vitamin D supplementation in preventing and treating this disease has been suggested. Few studies on the association between Vitamin D and malaria are available and disagreeing results have been reported. Studies in humans reporting an association between low 25(OH)D circulating levels and Malaria have a small sample size and observational study-set. Randomized controlled trials are needed in order to understand if Vitamin D administration might play a role in preventing and treating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Butera
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Iacolino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy
- Department and U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone” of Palermo, Italy
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Rabelo VWH, Viegas DDJ, Tucci EMN, Romeiro NC, Abreu PA. Virtual screening and drug repositioning as strategies for the discovery of new antifungal inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:189-199. [PMID: 30193921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, and Candida albicans is the fourth leading agent of nosocomial infections. Mortality from this infection is significant; however, the therapeutic treatment is limited, which demands the search for new drugs and new targets. In this context, oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) catalyzes the cyclization of the 2,3-oxidosqualene to form lanosterol, an intermediate of ergosterol biosynthesis. Therefore, this enzyme constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify potential inhibitors of C. albicans OSC (CaOSC) from a marketed drugs database in order to discover new antifungal agents. The CaOSC 3D model was constructed using the Swiss-Model server and important features for CaOSC inhibition were identified by molecular docking of known inhibitors using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Subsequently, virtual screening helped to identify calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, and other four drugs, as potential inhibitors of CaOSC. The selected drugs presented an interesting pattern of interactions with this enzyme, including hydrogen bond with Asp450, a key residue in the active site. Thus, the antifungal activity of calcitriol was evaluated in vitro against Candida spp strains. Calcitriol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, which reinforces the potential of this compound as candidate of CaOSC inhibitor. In short, the present study provides important insights for the development of new oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors as antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiane de Jesus Viegas
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erline Machado Neves Tucci
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica, LICC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, LaMCiFar, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto, Macaé, 27965-045, RJ, Brazil.
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Sam QH, Yew WS, Seneviratne CJ, Chang MW, Chai LYA. Immunomodulation as Therapy for Fungal Infection: Are We Closer? Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1612. [PMID: 30090091 PMCID: PMC6068232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised patients due to their weakened immune system. Immunomodulatory therapy, in synergy with existing antifungal therapy, is an attractive option to enhance their immune system and aid clearance of these opportunistic pathogens. From a scientific and clinical perspective, we explore the immunotherapeutic options to augment standard antifungal drugs for patients with an IFD. We discuss the range of immunomodulatory therapies being considered in IFD - from cytokines, including G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IFN-γ, and cytokine agonists, to cellular therapies, consisting of granulocyte transfusion, adoptive T-cell, CAR T-cell, natural killer cell therapies, and monoclonal antibodies. Adjunct pharmaceutical agents which augment the immunity are also being considered. Lastly, we explore the likelihood of the use of probiotics and manipulation of the microbiome/mycobiome to enhance IFD treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui Sam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster – National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Cluster – National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Immunomodulatory effect of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D 3 on the expression of RNA sensing pattern recognition receptor genes and cytokine response in dengue virus infected U937-DC-SIGN cells and THP-1 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:237-243. [PMID: 30032048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections are straining public health systems worldwide. Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone, is currently being investigated for its immunomodulatory effects in DENV infections. The objectives of the present study was to study the effect of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the expression of genes coding for RNA sensing pattern recognition receptors, downstream signaling components including oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) and interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine response in DENV infected U937-DC-SIGN cells and THP-1 macrophages. U937-DC-SIGN RNA was investigated for the expression of TLR3, DDX58, IFIH1, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, CAMP and ISG15 genes using gene expression assays. Interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17A levels were assessed in the THP-1 macrophage culture supernatants. The results revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of DDX58, OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3 at 0.1 μM while higher concentration had diminishing effect. 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the expression of ISG15 and CAMP genes. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed the levels of IL-4 and IL-17A. Lower concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed IL-12p70 and IL-10 levels while a higher concentration enhanced the levels. The results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 may have concentration dependent immunomodulatory effects. Higher dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 might have an immunoregulatory role in ameliorating inflammation during dengue infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 in preventing severe dengue.
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Cakici C, Yigitbasi T, Ayla S, Karimkhani H, Bayramoglu F, Yigit P, Kilic E, Emekli N. Dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:271-279. [PMID: 29420306 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effects of vitamin 1,25(OH)2D3 on apoptosis and oxidative stress. Methods In this study, 50 male Balb/c mice were used as control and experiment groups. The mice were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 10 mice. Calcitriol was intraperitoneally administered as low dose, medium dose, medium-high dose and high dose vitamin D groups (at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively), for three times a week during 14 days. At the end of the study, annexin V was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status values were measured by colorimetric method in serum. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed in liver tissues and periodic acid schiff staining was performed in kidney tissues. Results While comparing the results of medium-high dose (5 μg/kg) and high dose (10 μg/kg) vitamin D administration to that of the control group, it was observed that serum antioxidant status and annexin V levels decreased and glomerular mesenchial matrix ratio increased in kidney (p<0.05). In addition to these findings, in the group receiving high dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg), it was observed that the damage to the liver increased together with the the oxidative stress index values (p<0.05). Conclusions As a result, this study was the first in the literature to report that use of high-dose vitamin D (10 μg/kg) results in oxidant effect, rather than being an antioxidant, and causes severe histopathological toxicity in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Cakici
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Yigitbasi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Ekinciler street No: 19 Kavacık, Beykoz/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Ayla
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Karimkhani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayramoglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Emekli
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oral Yeast Colonization and Fungal Infections in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Pilot Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:4846363. [PMID: 29430252 PMCID: PMC5753011 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4846363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peritonitis and exit-site infections are important complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients that are occasionally caused by opportunistic fungi inhabiting distant body sites. In this study, the oral yeast colonization of PD patients and the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated yeasts were accessed and correlated with fungal infection episodes in the following 4 years. Saliva yeast colonization was accessed in 21 PD patients and 27 healthy controls by growth in CHROMagar-Candida® and 18S rRNA/ITS sequencing. PD patients presented a lower oral yeast prevalence when compared to controls, namely, Candida albicans. Other species were also isolated, Candida glabrata and Candida carpophila. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of these isolates revealed resistance to itraconazole, variable susceptibility to caspofungin, and higher MIC values of posaconazole compared to previous reports. The 4-year longitudinal evaluation of these patients revealed Candida parapsilosis and Candida zeylanoides as PD-related exit-site infectious agents, but no correlation was found with oral yeast colonization. This pilot study suggests that oral yeast colonization may represent a limited risk for fungal infection development in PD patients. Oral yeast isolates presented a variable antifungal susceptibility profile, which may suggest resistance to some second-line drugs, highlighting the importance of antifungal susceptibility assessment in the clinical practice.
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20
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Gois PHF, Ferreira D, Olenski S, Seguro AC. Vitamin D and Infectious Diseases: Simple Bystander or Contributing Factor? Nutrients 2017; 9:E651. [PMID: 28672783 PMCID: PMC5537771 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble steroid essential for life in higher animals. It is technically a pro-hormone present in few food types and produced endogenously in the skin by a photochemical reaction. In recent decades, several studies have suggested that VD contributes to diverse processes extending far beyond mineral homeostasis. The machinery for VD production and its receptor have been reported in multiple tissues, where they have a pivotal role in modulating the immune system. Similarly, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been in the spotlight as a major global public healthcare burden. VDD is highly prevalent throughout different regions of the world, including tropical and subtropical countries. Moreover, VDD may affect host immunity leading to an increased incidence and severity of several infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss new insights on VD physiology as well as the relationship between VD status and various infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, respiratory tract infections, human immunodeficiency virus, fungal infections and sepsis. Finally, we critically review the latest evidence on VD monitoring and supplementation in the setting of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique França Gois
- Laboratory of Medical Research-LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
- Nephrology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medical Research-LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Simon Olenski
- Nephrology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Laboratory of Medical Research-LIM12, Nephrology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
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Akoh CC, Pressman EK, Cooper E, Queenan RA, Pillittere J, O'Brien KO. Low Vitamin D is Associated With Infections and Proinflammatory Cytokines During Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:414-423. [PMID: 28618852 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117715124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to regulate innate and adaptive immune processes at the cellular level, but the role of vitamin D status on associated inflammatory processes across pregnancy is unclear. Our primary objective was to evaluate the relationships between serum biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and hepcidin) and vitamin D status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), measured across pregnancy and in the neonate at birth. A second objective was to identify associations between vitamin D status and clinically diagnosed infections. In this study, 158 racially and ethnically diverse pregnant adolescents were recruited from the Rochester Adolescent Maternity Program (RAMP) in Rochester, NY. Serum 1,25(OH)2D was significantly lower in adolescents and neonates with IL-6 concentrations above the 75th percentile at delivery ( P = .04) and at birth ( P = .004), respectively. After adjusting for other potential covariates of inflammation, maternal serum 1,25(OH)2D was significantly positively associated with TNF-α during pregnancy ( P = .02), but at delivery 1,25(OH)2D and TNF-α were inversely associated with one another ( P = .02). Teens with 25(OH)D concentrations <30 ng/mL were more likely to test positive for candida ( P = .002) and bacterial vaginosis ( P = .02) during pregnancy. African Americans exhibited significantly lower TNF-α concentrations at both mid-gestation ( P = .009) and delivery ( P = .001) compared to the Caucasian adolescents. These results suggest that lower maternal vitamin D status may increase risk of infection across gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Akoh
- 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eva K Pressman
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cooper
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Anne Queenan
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Julie Pillittere
- 1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Differential Effects of Vitamins A and D on the Transcriptional Landscape of Human Monocytes during Infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40599. [PMID: 28094291 PMCID: PMC5240108 DOI: 10.1038/srep40599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and vitamin D are essential nutrients with a wide range of pleiotropic effects in humans. Beyond their well-documented roles in cellular differentiation, embryogenesis, tissue maintenance and bone/calcium homeostasis, both vitamins have attracted considerable attention due to their association with-immunological traits. Nevertheless, our knowledge of their immunomodulatory potential during infection is restricted to single gene-centric studies, which do not reflect the complexity of immune processes. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive RNA-seq-based approach to define the whole immunomodulatory role of vitamins A and D during infection. Using human monocytes as host cells, we characterized the differential role of both vitamins upon infection with three different pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. Both vitamins showed an unexpected ability to counteract the pathogen-induced transcriptional responses. Upon infection, we identified 346 and 176 immune-relevant genes that were regulated by atRA and vitD, respectively. This immunomodulatory activity was dependent on the inflammatory stimulus, allowing us to distinguish regulatory patterns which were specific for each stimulatory setting. Moreover, we explored possible direct and indirect mechanisms of vitamin-mediated regulation of the immune response. Our findings highlight the importance of vitamin-monitoring in critically ill patients. Moreover, our results underpin the potential of atRA and vitD as therapeutic options for anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Hasslöf P, Videhult FK, Silfverdal SA, West CE, Stecksén-Blicks C. Vitamin D Insufficiency among Women Post-Partum in Northern Sweden—A Public Health Concern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2017.81007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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