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Borrel G, Fadhlaoui K, Ben Hania W, Gaci N, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Chaudhary PP, Vandekerckove P, Ballet N, Alric M, O’Toole PW, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Brugère JF. Methanomethylophilus alvi gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Hydrogenotrophic Methyl-Reducing Methanogenic Archaea of the Order Methanomassiliicoccales Isolated from the Human Gut and Proposal of the Novel Family Methanomethylophilaceae fam. nov. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2794. [PMID: 38004804 PMCID: PMC10673518 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The methanogenic strain Mx-05T was isolated from the human fecal microbiome. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and protein marker genes indicated that the strain is affiliated with the order Methanomassiliicoccales. It shares 86.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, the only member of this order previously isolated. The cells of Mx-05T were non-motile cocci, with a diameter range of 0.4-0.7 μm. They grew anaerobically and reduced methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine into methane, using H2 as an electron donor. H2/CO2, formate, ethanol, and acetate were not used as energy sources. The growth of Mx-05T required an unknown medium factor(s) provided by Eggerthella lenta and present in rumen fluid. Mx-05T grew between 30 °C and 40 °C (optimum 37 °C), over a pH range of 6.9-8.3 (optimum pH 7.5), and between 0.02 and 0.34 mol.L-1 NaCl (optimum 0.12 mol.L-1 NaCl). The genome is 1.67 Mbp with a G+C content of 55.5 mol%. Genome sequence annotation confirmed the absence of the methyl branch of the H4MPT Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, as described for other Methanomassiliicoccales members. Based on an average nucleotide identity analysis, we propose strain Mx-05T as being a novel representative of the order Methanomassiliicoccales, within the novel family Methanomethylophilaceae, for which the name Methanomethylophilus alvi gen. nov, sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mx-05T (JCM 31474T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Borrel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Khaled Fadhlaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.F.); (B.O.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6023 CNRS-UCA, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement LMGE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wajdi Ben Hania
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.F.); (B.O.)
- Université d’Auvergne, EA CIDAM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (J.-F.B.)
| | - Nadia Gaci
- Université d’Auvergne, EA CIDAM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (J.-F.B.)
| | - Gérard Pehau-Arnaudet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Ultrastructural Bioimaging, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Prem Prashant Chaudhary
- Université d’Auvergne, EA CIDAM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (J.-F.B.)
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Ballet
- Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, 59700 Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Monique Alric
- Université d’Auvergne, EA CIDAM, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (J.-F.B.)
| | | | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.F.); (B.O.)
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, 13288 Marseille, France; (K.F.); (B.O.)
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2
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Medvedeva S, Borrel G, Krupovic M, Gribaldo S. A compendium of viruses from methanogenic archaea reveals their diversity and adaptations to the gut environment. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2170-2182. [PMID: 37749252 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea are major producers of methane, a potent greenhouse gas and biofuel, and are widespread in diverse environments, including the animal gut. The ecophysiology of methanogens is likely impacted by viruses, which remain, however, largely uncharacterized. Here we carried out a global investigation of viruses associated with all current diversity of methanogens by assembling an extensive CRISPR database consisting of 156,000 spacers. We report 282 high-quality (pro)viral and 205 virus-like/plasmid sequences assigned to hosts belonging to ten main orders of methanogenic archaea. Viruses of methanogens can be classified into 87 families, underscoring a still largely undiscovered genetic diversity. Viruses infecting gut-associated archaea provide evidence of convergence in adaptation with viruses infecting gut-associated bacteria. These viruses contain a large repertoire of lysin proteins that cleave archaeal pseudomurein and are enriched in glycan-binding domains (Ig-like/Flg_new) and diversity-generating retroelements. The characterization of this vast repertoire of viruses paves the way towards a better understanding of their role in regulating methanogen communities globally, as well as the development of much-needed genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Medvedeva
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Borrel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Paris, France.
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Archaeal Virology, Paris, France.
| | - Simonetta Gribaldo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Paris, France.
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3
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Frutos-Grilo E, Kreling V, Hensel A, Campoy S. Host-pathogen interaction: Enterobacter cloacae exerts different adhesion and invasion capacities against different host cell types. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289334. [PMID: 37874837 PMCID: PMC10597508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
New antibiotics are urgently needed due to the huge increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The underexplored gram-negative bacterium Enterobacter cloacae is known to cause severe urinary tract and lung infections (UTIs). The pathogenicity of E. cloacae in UTI has only been studied at the bioinformatic level, but until now not within systematic in vitro investigations. The present study assesses different human cell lines for monitoring the early steps of host-pathogen interaction regarding bacterial adhesion to and invasion into different host cells by flow cytometric adhesion assay, classical cell counting assay, gentamicin invasion assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which E. cloacae has been investigated for its interaction with human bladder, kidney, skin, and lung cell lines under in vitro conditions. Data indicate that E. cloacae exerts strong adhesion to urinary tract (bladder and kidney) and lung cells, a finding which correlates with the clinical relevance of the bacterium for induction of urinary tract and lung infections. Furthermore, E. cloacae ATCC 13047 barely adheres to skin cells (A-431) and shows no relevant interaction with intestinal cells (Caco-2, HT-29), even in the presence of mucin (HT29 MTX). In contrast, invasion assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that E. cloacae internalizes in all tested host cells, but to a different extent. Especially, bladder and kidney cells are being invaded to the highest extent. Defective mutants of fimH and fimA abolished the adhesion of E. cloacae to T24 cells, while csgA deletion had no influence on adhesion. These results indicate that E. cloacae has different pattern for adhesion and invasion depending on the target tissue, which again correlates with the clinical relevance of the pathogen. For detailed investigation of the early host-pathogen interaction T24 bladder cells comprise a suitable assay system for evaluation the bacterial adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Frutos-Grilo
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susana Campoy
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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4
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Wang X, Sun X, Chu J, Sun W, Yan S, Wang Y. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer: enemy or friend. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:291. [PMID: 37653349 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of CRC. There is mounting evidence supporting the crucial contributions of bacteria-derived toxins and metabolites to cancer-related inflammation, immune imbalances, and the response to therapy. Besides, some gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites have protective effects against CRC. This review aims to summarize the current studies on the effects and mechanisms of gut microbiota and microbiota-produced metabolites in the initiation, progression, and drug sensitivity/resistance of CRC. Additionally, we explore the clinical implications and future prospects of utilizing gut microbiota as innovative approaches for preventing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xicai Sun
- Department of Hospital Office, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jinjin Chu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenchang Sun
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Yaowen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China.
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5
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Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, Tang Z, Yin W, Wang X, Ni Q, Zhu Y, Chen T. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119992. [PMID: 37265504 PMCID: PMC10229905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria. Conversely, gut dysbiosis results in the dysfunction of mucins, allowing other commensals and their metabolites to pass through the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering host responses and the subsequent progression of CRC. In this review, we summarize how gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites regulate the function and expression of mucin in CRC and novel treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Qing Ni
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Yunxiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Tuo Chen
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
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6
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Taylor JC, Kumar R, Xu J, Xu Y. A pathogenicity locus of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6291. [PMID: 37072463 PMCID: PMC10113328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) is known to be strongly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent functional studies further demonstrated that Sgg actively stimulates CRC cell proliferation and promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the Sgg factors important for the pro-proliferative and pro-tumor activities of Sgg remain unclear. Here, we identified a chromosomal locus in Sgg strain TX20005. Deletion of this locus significantly reduced Sgg adherence to CRC cells and abrogated the ability of Sgg to stimulate CRC cell proliferation. Thus, we designate this locus as the Sgg pathogenicity-associated region (SPAR). More importantly, we found that SPAR is important for Sgg pathogenicity in vivo. In a gut colonization model, mice exposed to the SPAR deletion mutant showed significantly reduced Sgg load in the colonic tissues and fecal materials, suggesting that SPAR contributes to the colonization capacity of Sgg. In a mouse model of CRC, deletion of SPAR abolished the ability of Sgg to promote the development of colon tumors growth. Taken together, these results highlight SPAR as a critical pathogenicity determinant of Sgg.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Culver Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Madison, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, USA.
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7
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Daschner PJ, Ross S, Seifried H, Kumar A, Flores R. Nutrition and Microbiome Interactions in Human Cancer. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:504-514. [PMID: 36208721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Individual physiologic responses to changes in dietary patterns can vary widely to affect cancer risk, which is driven by multiple host-specific factors (eg, genetics, epigenetics, inflammatory and metabolic states, and the colonizing microbiome). Emerging evidence indicates that diet-induced microbiota alterations are key modulators of several host functions important to tumor etiology, progression, and response to cancer therapy. Thus, diet may potentially be used to target alterations of the microbiota as an effective means to improve outcomes across the cancer continuum (from cancer prevention to tumor development and progression, to effects on treatment and survivorship). This review will focus on recent examples of functional interactions between dietary components (nutrients and non-nutrients) and the gastrointestinal microbiome, which are 2 critical and malleable environmental variables in cancer risk that affect host immune, metabolic, and cell signaling functions and may provide insights for novel cancer therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Daschner
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Sharon Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harold Seifried
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roberto Flores
- Office of Nutrition Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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8
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Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030866. [PMID: 36765824 PMCID: PMC9913759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While CRC is thought to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Gut microbiota refer to the ~40 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and metagenomics have provided new insights into the gut microbial ecology and have helped in linking gut microbiota to CRC. Many studies carried out in humans and animal models have emphasized the role of certain gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, in the onset and progression of CRC. Metagenomic studies have opened up new avenues for the application of gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. This review article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in CRC development and its use as a biomarker to predict the disease and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pandey
- Redcliffe Labs, Electronic City, Noida 201301, India
| | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
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9
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Burcham LR, Bath JR, Werlang CA, Lyon LM, Liu N, Evans C, Ribbeck K, Doran KS. Role of MUC5B during Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization. mBio 2022; 13:e0003922. [PMID: 35323039 PMCID: PMC9040740 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00039-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT) is a complex environment, rich in mucin glycoproteins that form a dense network on the surface of the underlying epithelia. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) asymptomatically colonizes 25-30% of healthy women, but during pregnancy can cause ascending infection in utero or be transmitted to the newborn during birth to cause invasive disease. Though the cervicovaginal mucosa is a natural site for GBS colonization, the specific interactions between GBS and mucins remain unknown. Here we demonstrate for the first time that MUC5B interacts directly with GBS and promotes barrier function by inhibiting both bacterial attachment to human epithelial cells and ascension from the vagina to the uterus in a murine model of GBS colonization. RNA sequencing analysis of GBS exposed to MUC5B identified 128 differentially expressed GBS genes, including upregulation of the pilus island-2b (PI-2b) locus. We subsequently show that PI-2b is important for GBS attachment to reproductive cells, binding to immobilized mucins, and vaginal colonization in vivo. Our results suggest that while MUC5B plays an important role in host defense, GBS upregulates pili in response to mucins to help promote persistence within the vaginal tract, illustrating the dynamic interplay between pathogen and host. IMPORTANCE Mucin glycoproteins are a major component that contributes to the complexity of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is present in the FRT of 25-30% of healthy women, but during pregnancy can ascend to the uterus to cause preterm birth and fetal infection in utero. Here we show that a prominent mucin found in the FRT, MUC5B, promotes host defense by inhibiting GBS interaction with epithelial cells found in the FRT and ascension from the vagina to the uterus in vivo. In response to MUC5B, GBS induces the expression of surface expressed pili, which in turn contributes to GBS persistence within the vaginal lumen. These observations highlight the importance and complexity of GBS-mucin interactions that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R. Burcham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jade R. Bath
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline A. Werlang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie M. Lyon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Naoko Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly S. Doran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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10
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Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M, Reddy S, Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L. Malignancy and Endocarditis: Divulging Into the Intertwined Association. Cureus 2022; 14:e24089. [PMID: 35573527 PMCID: PMC9098766 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an immunosuppressive disorder with characteristic features of unchecked cell growth, invasion, and sometimes thromboembolism leading to multiple systemic sequelae, including infective endocarditis. This article has compiled some of the crucial mechanisms by which infective endocarditis occurs in cancer patients, its risk factors, and the existing treatment interventions. It has focused on the necessity of being aware that these multiple pathogeneses are involved in the development of infective endocarditis (IE) in cancer patients, which would help delineate the risk factors associated with the condition and help physicians screen better for specific red flags. Identifying these risk factors and patient-oriented therapy, targeting the necessary elements such as causative organism, patient immune status, type of cancer, choosing evidence-based treatment modalities, and to improve the outcome of the disease in an already exasperating condition called cancer.
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11
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Kabwe M, Dashper S, Bachrach G, Tucci J. Bacteriophage manipulation of the microbiome associated with tumour microenvironments-can this improve cancer therapeutic response? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6188389. [PMID: 33765142 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Treponema species are prevalent in tumour tissue microbiomes of some cancers. They may promote cancer growth by dampening immunity, stimulating release of proinflammatory cytokines, and directly interacting with cancer cells to stimulate proliferation. Lytic bacteriophages against some of these oncobacteria have been isolated and characterised. The search continues for others. The possibility exists for their testing as adjuncts to complement existing therapies. In this review, we highlight the role of oncobacteria, specifically those whose relative abundance in the intra-tumour microbiome is increased, and discuss the potential for bacteriophages against these micro-organisms to augment existing cancer therapies. The capacity for bacteriophages to modulate immunity and kill specific bacteria makes them suitable candidates to manipulate the tumour microbiome and negate the effects of these oncobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Sharon St. Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Sharon St. Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
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12
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Wang BX, Wu CM, Ribbeck K. Home, sweet home: how mucus accommodates our microbiota. FEBS J 2021; 288:1789-1799. [PMID: 32755014 PMCID: PMC8739745 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a natural environment for human-microbiota interactions, healthy mucus houses a remarkably stable and diverse microbial community. Maintaining this microbiota is essential to human health, both to support the commensal bacteria that perform a wide array of beneficial functions and to prevent the outgrowth of pathogens. However, how the host selects and maintains a specialized microbiota remains largely unknown. In this viewpoint, we propose several strategies by which mucus may regulate the composition and function of the human microbiota and discuss how compromised mucus barriers in disease can give rise to microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Coleman OI, Haller D. Microbe-Mucus Interface in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040616. [PMID: 33557139 PMCID: PMC7913824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlying gastrointestinal epithelial cells is the transparent mucus layer that separates the lumen from the host. The dynamic mucus layer serves to lubricate the mucosal surface, to protect underlying epithelial cells, and as a transport medium between luminal contents and epithelial cells. Furthermore, it provides a habitat for commensal bacteria and signals to the underlying immune system. Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins, and their glycocode is tissue-specific and closely linked to the resident microbiota. Aberrant mucin expression and glycosylation are linked to chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant mucus production compromises the mucus layer and allows bacteria to come into close contact with the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering unfavorable host responses and the subsequent development of tumors. Here, we review our current understanding of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and mucus in healthy and CRC subjects. Deep knowledge of the intricate mechanisms of microbe-mucus interactions may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies for CRC, in which a dysfunctional mucus layer is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-08161-71-2375
| | - Dirk Haller
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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14
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Taylor JC, Gao X, Xu J, Holder M, Petrosino J, Kumar R, Liu W, Höök M, Mackenzie C, Hillhouse A, Brashear W, Nunez MP, Xu Y. A type VII secretion system of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus contributes to gut colonization and the development of colon tumors. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009182. [PMID: 33406160 PMCID: PMC7815207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the molecular determinants involved in Sgg pathogenicity in the gut are unknown. Bacterial type VII secretion systems (T7SS) mediate pathogen interactions with their host and are important for virulence in pathogenic mycobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. Through genome analysis, we identified a locus in Sgg strain TX20005 that encodes a putative type VII secretion system (designated as SggT7SST05). We showed that core genes within the SggT7SST05 locus are expressed in vitro and in the colon of mice. Western blot analysis showed that SggEsxA, a protein predicted to be a T7SS secretion substrate, is detected in the bacterial culture supernatant, indicating that this SggT7SST05 is functional. Deletion of SggT7SST05 (TX20005Δesx) resulted in impaired bacterial adherence to HT29 cells and abolished the ability of Sgg to stimulate HT29 cell proliferation. Analysis of bacterial culture supernatants suggest that SggT7SST05-secreted factors are responsible for the pro-proliferative activity of Sgg, whereas Sgg adherence to host cells requires both SggT7SST05-secreted and bacterial surface-associated factors. In a murine gut colonization model, TX20005Δesx showed significantly reduced colonization compared to the parent strain. Furthermore, in a mouse model of CRC, mice exposed to TX20005 had a significantly higher tumor burden compared to saline-treated mice, whereas those exposed to TX20005Δesx did not. Examination of the Sgg load in the colon in the CRC model suggests that SggT7SST05-mediated activities are directly involved in the promotion of colon tumors. Taken together, these results reveal SggT7SST05 as a previously unrecognized pathogenicity determinant for Sgg colonization of the colon and promotion of colon tumors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The development of CRC can be strongly influenced by specific gut microbes. Understanding how gut microbes modulate CRC is critical to developing novel strategies to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with CRC and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the specific Sgg molecules that mediate its pro-tumor activity are unknown. Here we report the first characterization of a type VII secretion system (T7SS) in Sgg, designated as SggT7SST05. We further demonstrate that SggT7SST05-mediated activities are important for Sgg to colonize the colon and to promote the development of colon tumors. These findings reveal SggT7SST05 as a novel pathogenicity determinant of Sgg and provide a critical breakthrough in our efforts to understand how Sgg influences the development of CRC. Future investigations of the biological activities of specific effectors of SggT7SST05 will likely lead to the discovery of Sgg molecules that can be used as diagnostic markers and intervention targets aimed at mitigating the harmful effect of Sgg.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Culver Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Holder
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph Petrosino
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wen Liu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wesley Brashear
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Patricia Nunez
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Loke YL, Chew MT, Ngeow YF, Lim WWD, Peh SC. Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:603086. [PMID: 33364203 PMCID: PMC7753026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Leng Loke
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wan Dee Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Ageing Health and Well-Being Research Centre, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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16
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Mistiaen WP, Gebruers N. How to manage patients in whom malignancy and infective endocarditis are associated: a review. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2020; 54:70-76. [PMID: 32233824 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2019.1698762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially short-term lethal condition. An association with malignancy could complicate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The questions to be answered are: (1) which type of malignancies are encountered; (2) how often has the association between malignancy and IE been described, and (3) what are thus far the diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with both conditions. Methods. A literature search from 2010 to 2018 has been performed with the focus on IE and cancer/malignancy/neoplasm, as well as with risk factors for adverse outcome, when cancer was included in the analysis. Results. An association between digestive, respiratory and hematologic malignancy with IE has been observed in four large databases. The most important mechanisms for this association are a "port of entry" and immune suppression. Sixteen studies dealt with the effect of short and mid-term cancer on the outcome of surgery of IE in these patients. No uniform management strategy could be identified. It seems that a malignancy does not alter the short-term outcome for IE, although referral to a tertiary cardiac center and surgical treatment are less common for patients with known malignancy. Conclusions. Although there is an association between malignancy and IE, no treatment strategy has yet been developed for these patients. Short-term outcome of IE is unaltered by cancer. In most papers, the effect of cancer on mid-term survival is only significant in a univariate analysis, without being a predictor. The results indicate that cardiac surgery for IE should not be withheld in patients in whom a treatable malignancy has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm P Mistiaen
- Department of Healthcare Sciences and Wellbeing, Artesis-Plantijn University of Applied Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of rehabilitation sciences and physiotherapy (REVAKI - MOVANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nick Gebruers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of rehabilitation sciences and physiotherapy (REVAKI - MOVANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Tarrah A, da Silva Duarte V, Pakroo S, Corich V, Giacomini A. Genomic and phenotypic assessments of safety and probiotic properties of Streptococcus macedonicus strains of dairy origin. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Martins M, du Merle L, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Heterogeneous expression of Pil3 pilus is critical for Streptococcus gallolyticus translocation across polarized colonic epithelial monolayers. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Maguire L, Stefferson M, Betterton MD, Hough LE. Design principles of selective transport through biopolymer barriers. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042414. [PMID: 31770897 PMCID: PMC7502277 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In biological systems, polymeric materials block the movement of some macromolecules while allowing the selective passage of others. In some cases, binding enables selective transport, while in others the most inert particles appear to transit most rapidly. To study the general principles of filtering, we develop a model motivated by features of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which are highly conserved and could potentially be applied to other biological systems. The NPC allows selective transport of proteins called transport factors, which transiently bind to disordered flexible proteins called phenylalanine-glycine-nucleoporins. While the NPC is tuned for transport factors and their cargo, we show that a single feature is sufficient for selective transport: the bound-state motion resulting from transient binding to flexible filaments. Interchain transfer without unbinding can further improve selectivity, especially for cross-linked chains. We generalize this observation to model nanoparticle transport through mucus and show that bound-state motion accelerates transport of transient nanoparticle application, even with clearance by mucus flow. Our model provides a framework to control binding-induced selective transport in biopolymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maguire
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Michael Stefferson
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Meredith D. Betterton
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Loren E. Hough
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder
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20
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Reis SAD, da Conceição LL, Peluzio MDCG. Intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer: changes in the intestinal microenvironment and their relation to the disease. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1391-1407. [PMID: 31424382 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools that predict the risk of colorectal cancer are important for early diagnosis, given the high mortality rate for this cancer. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is now considered to be a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. This discovery has motivated a growing number of studies to identify the micro-organisms responsible for the onset and/or progression of colorectal cancer. With this in mind, this review discusses the relationship between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. Prospective and case-control studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota of individuals with colorectal cancer usually contains a greater proportion of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases, as well as bacteria that produce toxins and carcinogenic metabolites. In contrast, there tends to be a reduced presence of butyric acid-producing bacteria, probiotic bacteria and potentially probiotic bacteria. Despite these differences, the onset and development of colorectal cancer cannot be attributed to a specific micro-organism. Thus, studies focused on the formation of the intestinal microbiota and factors that modulate its composition are important for the development of approaches for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aparecida Dos Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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21
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Etienne-Mesmin L, Chassaing B, Desvaux M, De Paepe K, Gresse R, Sauvaitre T, Forano E, de Wiele TV, Schüller S, Juge N, Blanquet-Diot S. Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:457-489. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Gresse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Increased Intracellular Cyclic di-AMP Levels Sensitize Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus to Osmotic Stress and Reduce Biofilm Formation and Adherence on Intestinal Cells. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00597-18. [PMID: 30617242 PMCID: PMC6398277 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00597-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly and is also strongly associated with colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus can form biofilms, express specific pili to colonize the host tissues, and produce a specific bacteriocin allowing killing of commensal bacteria in the murine colon. Nevertheless, how the expression of these colonization factors is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we show that c-di-AMP plays pleiotropic roles in S. gallolyticus, controlling the tolerance to osmotic stress, cell size, biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells, expression of Pil3 pilus, and production of bacteriocin. This study indicates that c-di-AMP may constitute a key regulatory molecule for S. gallolyticus host colonization and pathogenesis. Cyclic di-AMP is a recently identified second messenger exploited by a number of Gram-positive bacteria to regulate important biological processes. Here, we studied the phenotypic alterations induced by the increased intracellular c-di-AMP levels in Streptococcus gallolyticus, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly. We report that an S. gallolyticus c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase gdpP knockout mutant, which displays a 1.5-fold higher intracellular c-di-AMP levels than the parental strain UCN34, is more sensitive to osmotic stress and is morphologically smaller than the parental strain. Unexpectedly, we found that a higher level of c-di-AMP reduced biofilm formation of S. gallolyticus on abiotic surfaces and reduced adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis indicated that c-di-AMP regulates many biological processes in S. gallolyticus, including the expression of various ABC transporters and disease-associated genes encoding bacteriocin and Pil3 pilus. Complementation of the gdpP in-frame deletion mutant with a plasmid carrying gdpP in trans from its native promoter restored bacterial morphology, tolerance to osmotic stress, biofilm formation, adherence to intestinal cells, bacteriocin production, and Pil3 pilus expression. Our results indicate that c-di-AMP is a pleiotropic signaling molecule in S. gallolyticus that may be important for S. gallolyticus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCEStreptococcus gallolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly and is also strongly associated with colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus can form biofilms, express specific pili to colonize the host tissues, and produce a specific bacteriocin allowing killing of commensal bacteria in the murine colon. Nevertheless, how the expression of these colonization factors is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we show that c-di-AMP plays pleiotropic roles in S. gallolyticus, controlling the tolerance to osmotic stress, cell size, biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, adherence and cell aggregation on human intestinal cells, expression of Pil3 pilus, and production of bacteriocin. This study indicates that c-di-AMP may constitute a key regulatory molecule for S. gallolyticus host colonization and pathogenesis.
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23
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Khaldi TEM, Kebouchi M, Soligot C, Gomri MA, Kharroub K, Le Roux Y, Roux E. Streptococcus macedonicus strains isolated from traditional fermented milks: resistance to gastrointestinal environment and adhesion ability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2759-2771. [PMID: 30701281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Streptococcus macedonicus (S. macedonicus) strains were identified from Algerian traditional fermented milks (Lben and Rayeb). Important prerequisites of probiotic interest such as acidity, bile salts tolerance, and adhesion ability to epithelial cells were investigated. A combination of phenotypic (ability to grow on Bile Esculin Azide medium, BEA; on high salt content medium NaCl 6.5%; on alkaline medium pH 9.6) and genotypic approaches (16S rRNA, ITS genes sequencing and MLST technique) allowed to identify four genetically distinct strains of S. macedonicus. These four strains and two references, Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), were tested for their capacity to survive at low pH values, and at different concentrations of an equimolar bile salts mixture (BSM). Two different cell lines, Caco-2 TC7 and HT29-MTX, were used for the adhesion study. The results show that S. macedonicus strains selected constitute a distinct genetic entity from the Greek strain S. macedonicus ACA-DC-198. They were able to survive up to pH 3 and could tolerate high concentrations of bile salts (10 mM), unlike LMD-9 and LGG strains. Our strains also display in vitro adhesion similar to the LGG strain on Caco-2 TC7 and higher adhesion than the LMD-9 strain to Caco-2 TC7 and HT29-MTX cell models. This first characterization allows considering S. macedonicus as a potential candidate for possible probiotic effects that need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedj El Moulouk Khaldi
- Laboratoire Alimentation, Nutrition et Santé (ALNUTS), Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Claire Soligot
- INRA, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Gomri
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles METEX, Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles METEX, Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yves Le Roux
- INRA, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Emeline Roux
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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24
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Kwong TNY, Wu WKK, Wong SH. Reply. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:292. [PMID: 30472232 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Y Kwong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science and Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Aymeric L, Dramsi S. [Streptococcus gallolyticus: an opportunistic pathogen associated with colorectal cancer]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:784-787. [PMID: 30451668 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Aymeric
- Unité de pathogénie microbienne moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1202, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France - CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de biologie des bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL6002, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Grimm I, Vollmer T. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus pathogenesis: current state of play. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:731-735. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Grimm
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, 32545, Deutschland
| | - Tanja Vollmer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, 32545, Deutschland
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Papadimitriou K. Novel insight into the pathogenicity of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus belonging to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex. Virulence 2018; 9:662-665. [PMID: 29405829 PMCID: PMC5955466 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1432932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- a Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Agricultural University of Athens , Iera Odos 75, Athens , Greece
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28
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Jans C, Boleij A. The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:603. [PMID: 29692760 PMCID: PMC5902542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, Martins M, Aymeric L, Dramsi S. Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 29666615 PMCID: PMC5891635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Martins
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Aymeric
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Kumar R, Herold JL, Taylor J, Xu J, Xu Y. Variations among Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strains in connection with colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1514. [PMID: 29367658 PMCID: PMC5784120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been reported to display a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was recently demonstrated to actively promote the development of CRC, underscoring the importance of Sg in both clinical correlation and functional relevance in CRC. Here we investigated several clinical isolates of Sg in their interactions with human colon cancer cells and in mouse models. Some Sg strains were able to stimulate host cell proliferation (proliferation-promoting Sg, PP-Sg) whereas others were not (non-proliferation-promoting Sg, NP-Sg). PP-Sg strains adhered to colon cancer cells much better than NP-Sg strains, suggesting that close contact between Sg and host cells is important. In mice, PP-Sg is significantly better at colonizing the colon tissues of A/J mice compared to NP-Sg, however this difference was not observed in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that Sg colonization of mouse colon tissues involves specific interactions between bacterial and host factors on the colonic epithelium. Finally, in an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of CRC, PP-Sg promoted tumor development whereas NP-Sg did not. These findings provide clues to the mechanism underlying the Sg-CRC association and have important implications to clinical studies that aim to correlate Sg with clinical and pathological features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Herold
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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31
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Isenring J, Köhler J, Nakata M, Frank M, Jans C, Renault P, Danne C, Dramsi S, Kreikemeyer B, Oehmcke-Hecht S. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus endocarditis isolate interferes with coagulation and activates the contact system. Virulence 2017; 9:248-261. [PMID: 29072555 PMCID: PMC5955193 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1393600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, formerly classified as S. bovis biotype I, is an increasing cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis in the elderly. The physiopathology of infective endocarditis is poorly understood and involves immune and coagulation systems. In this study, we found that S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus activates the human contact system, which in turn has two consequences: cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) resulting in release of the potent pro-inflammatory peptide bradykinin, and initiation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus was found to bind and activate factors of the human contact system at its surface, leading to a significant prolongation of the intrinsic coagulation time and to the release of bradykinin. High-affinity binding of factor XII to the bacterial Pil1 collagen binding protein was demonstrated with a KD of 13 nM. Of note, Pil1 expression was exclusively found in S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, further supporting an essential contribution of this pilus in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isenring
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany.,b Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Juliane Köhler
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany.,c Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Marcus Frank
- d Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Christoph Jans
- b Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Pierre Renault
- e Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Camille Danne
- f Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- f Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
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Colorectal cancer specific conditions promote Streptococcus gallolyticus gut colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E283-E291. [PMID: 29279402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) is strongly associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the factors leading to its successful colonization are unknown, and whether SGG influences the oncogenic process or benefits from the tumor-prone environment to prevail remains an open question. Here, we elucidate crucial steps that explain how CRC favors SGG colonization. By using mice genetically prone to CRC, we show that SGG colonization is 1,000-fold higher in tumor-bearing mice than in normal mice. This selective advantage occurs at the expense of resident intestinal enterococci. An SGG-specific locus encoding a bacteriocin ("gallocin") is shown to kill enterococci in vitro. Importantly, bile acids strongly enhance this bacteriocin activity in vivo, leading to greater SGG colonization. Constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway, one of the earliest signaling alterations in CRC, and the decreased expression of the bile acid apical transporter gene Slc10A2, as an effect of the Apc founding mutation, may thereby sustain intestinal colonization by SGG. We conclude that CRC-specific conditions promote SGG colonization of the gut by replacing commensal enterococci in their niche.
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Böhm L, Torsin S, Tint SH, Eckstein MT, Ludwig T, Pérez JC. The yeast form of the fungus Candida albicans promotes persistence in the gut of gnotobiotic mice. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006699. [PMID: 29069103 PMCID: PMC5673237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many microorganisms that cause systemic, life-threatening infections in humans reside as harmless commensals in our digestive tract. Yet little is known about the biology of these microbes in the gut. Here, we visualize the interface between the human commensal and pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and the intestine of mice, a surrogate host. Because the indigenous mouse microbiota restricts C. albicans settlement, we compared the patterns of colonization in the gut of germ free and antibiotic-treated conventionally raised mice. In contrast to the heterogeneous morphologies found in the latter, we establish that in germ free animals the fungus almost uniformly adopts the yeast cell form, a proxy of its commensal state. By screening a collection of C. albicans transcription regulator deletion mutants in gnotobiotic mice, we identify several genes previously unknown to contribute to in vivo fitness. We investigate three of these regulators—ZCF8, ZFU2 and TRY4—and show that indeed they favor the yeast form over other morphologies. Consistent with this finding, we demonstrate that genetically inducing non-yeast cell morphologies is detrimental to the fitness of C. albicans in the gut. Furthermore, the identified regulators promote adherence of the fungus to a surface covered with mucin and to mucus-producing intestinal epithelial cells. In agreement with this result, histology sections indicate that C. albicans dwells in the murine gut in close proximity to the mucus layer. Thus, our findings reveal a set of regulators that endows C. albicans with the ability to endure in the intestine through multiple mechanisms. The very same microbes that cause life-threatening human diseases are often harmless inhabitants on our mucosal surfaces. Yet the hallmarks of this so-called ‘commensal’ state remain underexplored. In this report we investigate the case of Candida albicans, the most prominent fungal species living in the human intestine but also a common cause of deep-seated, fatal infections. Mice carrying their own natural intact flora are not readily colonized by C. albicans implying a fundamental incompatibility between the indigenous mouse microbiota and this fungus. We explore the patterns of colonization of C. albicans in mice completely devoid of other microbes. We show that the fungus adopts its normal commensal morphology in these animals indicating that this experimental system is a suitable proxy to clearly dissect its commensal lifestyle in vivo. Gaining insights into the mechanisms that sustain the commensal features of C. albicans and other microbes is key to understand—and be able to prevent—what goes awry when these microorganisms invade other tissues and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Böhm
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sanda Torsin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Su Hlaing Tint
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie Therese Eckstein
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ludwig
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Christian Pérez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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von Ossowski I. Novel Molecular Insights about Lactobacillar Sortase-Dependent Piliation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071551. [PMID: 28718795 PMCID: PMC5536039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the more conspicuous structural features that punctuate the outer cell surface of certain bacterial Gram-positive genera and species is the sortase-dependent pilus. As these adhesive and variable-length protrusions jut outward from the cell, they provide a physically expedient and useful means for the initial contact between a bacterium and its ecological milieu. The sortase-dependent pilus displays an elongated macromolecular architecture consisting of two to three types of monomeric protein subunits (pilins), each with their own specific function and location, and that are joined together covalently by the transpeptidyl activity of a pilus-specific C-type sortase enzyme. Sortase-dependent pili were first detected among the Gram-positive pathogens and subsequently categorized as an essential virulence factor for host colonization and tissue invasion by these harmful bacteria. However, the sortase-dependent pilus was rebranded as also a niche-adaptation factor after it was revealed that “friendly” Gram-positive commensals exhibit the same kind of pilus structures, which includes two contrasting gut-adapted species from the Lactobacillus genus, allochthonous Lactobacillus rhamnosus and autochthonous Lactobacillus ruminis. This review will highlight and discuss what has been learned from the latest research carried out and published on these lactobacillar pilus types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar von Ossowski
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006440. [PMID: 28704539 PMCID: PMC5509344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been known to have a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). This knowledge has important clinical implications, and yet little is known about the role of Sg in the development of CRC. Here we demonstrate that Sg promotes human colon cancer cell proliferation in a manner that depends on cell context, bacterial growth phase and direct contact between bacteria and colon cancer cells. In addition, we observed increased level of β-catenin, c-Myc and PCNA in colon cancer cells following incubation with Sg. Knockdown or inhibition of β-catenin abolished the effect of Sg. Furthermore, mice administered with Sg had significantly more tumors, higher tumor burden and dysplasia grade, and increased cell proliferation and β-catenin staining in colonic crypts compared to mice receiving control bacteria. Finally, we showed that Sg is present in the majority of CRC patients and is preferentially associated with tumor compared to normal tissues obtained from CRC patients. These results taken together establish for the first time a tumor-promoting role of Sg that involves specific bacterial and host factors and have important clinical implications.
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Corredoira J, Grau I, Garcia-Rodriguez JF, García-País MJ, Rabuñal R, Ardanuy C, García-Garrote F, Coira A, Alonso MP, Boleij A, Pallares R. Colorectal neoplasm in cases of Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus bacteraemia. Eur J Intern Med 2017; 41:68-73. [PMID: 28236516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteremia with Clostridium septicum (CS) and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) have both been associated with colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and colonoscopic examination is advised, however the differences and similarities in colorectal findings are not well known. METHODS This is a multicenter, comparative study of patients with CS bacteremia [44 of 664 cases (6.6%) of Clostridium spp.] and SGG bacteremia [257 of 596 cases (44.2%) of S. bovis group], carried out in three hospitals from Spain. Clinical findings related to bacteremia and associated CRN were collected. RESULTS The main sources of infection were abdominal (77.7%) for CS bacteremia and endovascular (75%) for SGG bacteremia. CS bacteremia was more often associated with malignancies, (72.6% vs. 19.4%) and neutropenia (29.5% vs. 3.1%), and was more acute, with shock at presentation (63.6% vs. 3.9%) and higher 30-day mortality (47.7% vs. 9.7%) compared to SGG (P<0.05 for all). Both, patients with CS and SGG bacteremia often had concomitant CRN (43.1% vs. 49.8%) and most of them presented as occult CRN (73.7% vs. 91.4%; P=0.02). CS cases more often had invasive carcinomas (94.7% vs. 19.5%), location of CRN in the right colon (73.7% vs. 23.4%), larger tumor size (median 7 vs. 1.5cm), and a higher overall CRN related mortality rate (68.4% vs. 7.8%) compared to SGG cases (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Both, CS and SGG bacteremia are associated with occult CRN. CS cases more often had advanced carcinomas than SGG cases, suggesting a distinct temporal association with CRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corredoira
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Imma Grau
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - María Jose García-País
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ramón Rabuñal
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando García-Garrote
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Amparo Coira
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Alonso
- Infectious Disease Unit and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roman Pallares
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Departments, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Strain DSM 16831. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/16/e00108-17. [PMID: 28428288 PMCID: PMC5399247 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00108-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus DSM 16831 is an intriguing strain because of its low virulent phenotype compared to other isolates. We present here the complete genome sequence for this strain isolated from koala feces.
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Dunne C, McDermot A, Anjan K, Ryan A, Reid C, Clyne M. Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the Interaction of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori with the Secreted Human Mucin MUC5AC. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E34. [PMID: 28952513 PMCID: PMC5590460 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is intense interest in how bacteria interact with mucin glycoproteins in order to colonise mucosal surfaces. In this study, we have assessed the feasibility of using recombinant mucin glycoproteins to study the interaction of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori with MUC5AC, a mucin which the organism exhibits a distinct tropism for. Stable clonal populations of cells expressing a construct encoding for a truncated version of MUC5AC containing N- and C-termini interspersed with two native tandem repeat sequences (N + 2TR + C) were generated. Binding of H. pylori to protein immunoprecipitated from cell lysates and supernatants was assessed. High molecular weight mucin could be detected in both cell lysates and supernatants of transfected cells. Recombinant protein formed high molecular weight oligomers, was both N and O glycosylated, underwent cleavage similar to native MUC5AC and was secreted from the cell. H. pylori bound better to secreted mucin than intracellular mucin suggesting that modifications on extracellular MUC5AC promoted binding. Lectin analysis demonstrated that secreted mucin was differentially glycosylated compared to intracellular mucin. H. pylori also bound to a recombinant C-terminus MUC5AC protein, but binding to this protein did not inhibit binding to the N + 2TR + C protein. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using recombinant mucins containing tandem repeat sequences to assess microbial mucin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Dunne
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 4, Ireland.
| | - Anthony McDermot
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin; Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Kumar Anjan
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 4, Ireland.
| | - Aindrias Ryan
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 4, Ireland.
| | - Colm Reid
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin; Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 4, Ireland.
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Martins M, Porrini C, du Merle L, Danne C, Robbe-Masselot C, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. The Pil3 pilus of Streptococcus gallolyticus binds to intestinal mucins and to fibrinogen. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:526-532. [PMID: 27656949 PMCID: PMC5153612 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1239677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is a commensal bacterium responsible for infectious endocarditis in the elderly, which has frequently been associated with colonic carcinoma. Whether this species is a cause or a consequence of colorectal cancer remains unknown. We recently demonstrated that S. gallolyticus Pil3 pilus is required for adhesion to colonic mucus and for colonization of mouse distal colon. We show here that Pil3 pilus binds equally well to human colonic mucins derived from HT29-MTX cells and to human stomach mucins from healthy donors. In addition, we have found that Pil3 also binds to human fibrinogen, which expands the repertoire of Pil3 host ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Constance Porrini
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Laurence du Merle
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Camille Danne
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | | | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Department of Microbiology, Biology of
Gram-positive Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France,Department of Microbiology, Center National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ERL3526, Paris,
France,CONTACT Shaynoor Dramsi 28 rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15France
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40
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Ambalam P, Raman M, Purama RK, Doble M. Probiotics, prebiotics and colorectal cancer prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:119-31. [PMID: 27048903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third major cause of mortality among various cancer types in United States, has been increasing in developing countries due to varying diet and dietary habits and occupational hazards. Recent evidences showed that composition of gut microbiota could be associated with the development of CRC and other gut dysbiosis. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics, either alone or in combination could positively influence the cross-talk between immune system and microbiota, would be beneficial in preventing inflammation and CRC. In this review, role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention of CRC has been discussed. Various epidemiological and experimental studies, specifically gut microbiome research has effectively improved the understanding about the role of probiotics and microbial treatment as anticarcinogenic agents. A few human studies support the beneficial effect of probiotics and prebiotics; hence, comprehensive understanding is urgent to realize the clinical applications of probiotics and prebiotics in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Ambalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Christ College, Rajkot, India.
| | - Maya Raman
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Kiran Purama
- School of Biotechnology, Chemical Building, East Campus, NIT Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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