1
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Puppala ER, Wu L, Fan X, Cao X. CD27 signaling inhibits tumor growth and metastasis via CD8 + T cell-independent mechanisms in the B16-F10 melanoma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:198. [PMID: 39105866 PMCID: PMC11303370 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
CD27 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and acts as a co-stimulatory molecule, modulating T and B cell responses. CD27 stimulation enhances T cell survival and effector functions, thus providing opportunities to develop therapeutic strategies. The current study aims to investigate the role of endogenous CD27 signaling in tumor growth and metastasis. CD8 + T cell-specific CD27 knockout (CD8Cre-CD27fl) mice were developed, while global CD27 knockout (KO) mice were also used in our studies. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that CD27 was deleted specifically from CD8 + T cells without affecting CD4 + T cells, B cells, and HSPCs in the CD8Cre-CD27fl mice, while CD27 was deleted from all cell types in global CD27 KO mice. Tumor growth and metastasis studies were performed by injecting B16-F10 melanoma cells subcutaneously (right flank) or intravenously into the mice. We have found that global CD27 KO mice succumbed to significantly accelerated tumor growth compared to WT controls. In addition, global CD27 KO mice showed a significantly higher burden of metastatic tumor nests in the lungs compared to WT controls. However, there was no significant difference in tumor growth curves, survival, metastatic tumor nest counts between the CD8Cre-CD27fl mice and WT controls. These results suggest that endogenous CD27 signaling inhibits tumor growth and metastasis via CD8 + T cell-independent mechanisms in this commonly used melanoma model, presumably through stimulating antitumor activities of other types of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Rao Puppala
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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2
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Rodriguez-Mogeda C, van Ansenwoude CMJ, van der Molen L, Strijbis EMM, Mebius RE, de Vries HE. The role of CD56 bright NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38350967 PMCID: PMC10865604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for natural killer (NK) cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise function of NK cells in these diseases remains ambiguous. The existence of two NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, complicates the understanding of the contribution of NK cells in neurodegeneration as their functions within the context of neurodegenerative diseases may differ significantly. CD56bright NK cells are potent cytokine secretors and are considered more immunoregulatory and less terminally differentiated than their mostly cytotoxic CD56dim counterparts. Hence, this review focusses on NK cells, specifically on CD56bright NK cells, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explores the mechanisms underlying their ability to enter the central nervous system. By consolidating current knowledge, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of CD56bright NK cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration may have implications for future therapeutic interventions, potentially ameliorating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja M J van Ansenwoude
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van der Molen
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Brajer-Luftmann B, Trafas T, Stelmach-Mardas M, Bendowska W, Piorunek T, Grabicki M, Kaczmarek M. Natural Killer Cells as a Further Insight into the Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:419. [PMID: 38398020 PMCID: PMC10887397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis has been discussed but is not yet clearly understood. This current study aimed to evaluate the associations between immunophenotypes, degrees of maturity, and the expression level of functional receptors of NK cells in the lung environment present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and an attempt was made to determine their relationship in the course and progression of COPD. A total of 15 COPD patients and 14 healthy smokers were included. The clinical parameters of COPD were evaluated. In both groups, NK cells using monoclonal antibodies directly conjugated with fluorochromes in flow cytometry were assessed in the peripheral blood. Additionally, NK cells using the same method were assessed in BALF in the COPD subgroup. The blood's NK cells differed from the estimated group's maturity and receptor expression. Functional receptors CD158b+, CD314+, and CD336+ expressed by NK cells were significantly interlinked with age, RV, TLC, 6MWT, smoking, and the number of exacerbations. These results confirm the essential role of NK cells in COPD pathogenesis. Additionally, the relationship between clinical parameters and NK cell expression may indicate its participation in the disease progression and exacerbation and allow for a better understanding of NK cell biology in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Brajer-Luftmann
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (T.T.); (T.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Tomasz Trafas
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (T.T.); (T.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 61-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Weronika Bendowska
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5 Street, 61-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Piorunek
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (T.T.); (T.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabicki
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (T.T.); (T.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Kleczka A, Mazur B, Tomaszek K, Gabriel A, Dzik R, Kabała-Dzik A. Association of NK Cells with the Severity of Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2187. [PMID: 37443584 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some NK cell subpopulations may be involved in the modulation of fibrogenesis in the liver. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the number and phenotype of NK cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and total NK cell percentage, population density and the degree of liver fibrosis of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV+). The study group consisted of 56 HCV+ patients, divided into two subgroups: patients with mild or moderate fibrosis and patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (F ≥ 3 in METAVIR classification). The preparations were stained with H-E and AZAN staining. NK cells were targeted with anti-CD56 antibody and identified automatically in situ using the DakoVision system. Assessment of different NK cell subsets in PB was performed with the flow cytometry technique. In the PB of HCV+ patients with advanced liver fibrosis, there was a lower proportion of CD62L+; CD62L+/CD94++; CD27+; CD127+/CD27+ and CXCR3+/CD27+ NK subsets, as compared to patients with mild/moderate liver fibrosis. The results also showed no association between total PB NK cell level and total intrahepatic NK cell population density between patients with mild/moderate fibrosis and with advanced liver fibrosis. However, positive correlations between the PB levels of CD94+ and CD62L+ NK cell subsets and the intrahepatic total NK cell percentage and population density in the liver, irrespectively to the extent of fibrosis, were observed. Additionally, positive correlation was found between the PB CXCR3+/CD94+ NK cell percentages and intrahepatic NK cell percentages in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Lower blood availability of specific NK subsets in patients with chronic type C hepatitis might be a cause of progression of liver fibrosis via insufficient control over hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kleczka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Bogdan Mazur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tomaszek
- Department of Pathomorphology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gabriel
- Department of Pathomorphology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Radosław Dzik
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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5
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Bean J, Kuri-Cervantes L, Pennella M, Betts MR, Meyer NJ, Hassan WM. Multivariate indicators of disease severity in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5145. [PMID: 36991002 PMCID: PMC10054197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Diverse clinical presentations prompted numerous attempts to predict disease severity to improve care and patient outcomes. Equally important is understanding the mechanisms underlying such divergent disease outcomes. Multivariate modeling was used here to define the most distinctive features that separate COVID-19 from healthy controls and severe from moderate disease. Using discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression models we could distinguish between severe disease, moderate disease, and control with rates of correct classifications ranging from 71 to 100%. The distinction of severe and moderate disease was most reliant on the depletion of natural killer cells and activated class-switched memory B cells, increased frequency of neutrophils, and decreased expression of the activation marker HLA-DR on monocytes in patients with severe disease. An increased frequency of activated class-switched memory B cells and activated neutrophils was seen in moderate compared to severe disease and control. Our results suggest that natural killer cells, activated class-switched memory B cells, and activated neutrophils are important for protection against severe disease. We show that binary logistic regression was superior to discriminant analysis by attaining higher rates of correct classification based on immune profiles. We discuss the utility of these multivariate techniques in biomedical sciences, contrast their mathematical basis and limitations, and propose strategies to overcome such limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Pennella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wail M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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6
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Melsen JE, van Ostaijen-ten Dam MM, Schoorl DJA, Schol PJ, van den Homberg DAL, Lankester AC, Lugthart G, Schilham MW. Single-cell transcriptomics in bone marrow delineates CD56 dimGranzymeK + subset as intermediate stage in NK cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1044398. [PMID: 36505452 PMCID: PMC9730327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells in lymphoid tissues can be categorized into three subsets: CD56brightCD16+, CD56dimCD16+ and CD69+CXCR6+ lymphoid tissue-resident (lt)NK cells. How the three subsets are functionally and developmentally related is currently unknown. Therefore, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing combined with oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies against CD56, CXCR6, CD117 and CD34 on fresh bone marrow NK cells. A minor CD56dimGzmK+ subset was identified that shared features with CD56bright and CD56dimGzmK- NK cells based on transcriptome, phenotype (NKG2AhighCD16lowKLRG1highTIGIThigh) and functional analysis in bone marrow and blood, supportive for an intermediate subset. Pseudotime analysis positioned CD56bright, CD56dimGzmK+ and CD56dimGzmK- cells in one differentiation trajectory, while ltNK cells were developmentally separated. Integrative analysis with bone marrow cells from the Human Cell Atlas did not demonstrate a developmental connection between CD34+ progenitor and NK cells, suggesting absence of early NK cell stages in bone marrow. In conclusion, single-cell transcriptomics provide new insights on development and differentiation of human NK cells.
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7
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Wu C, Liang JA, Brenchley JM, Shin T, Fan X, Mortlock RD, Abraham D, Allan DS, Thomas ML, Hong S, Dunbar CE. Barcode clonal tracking of tissue-resident immune cells in rhesus macaque highlights distinct clonal distribution pattern of tissue NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994498. [PMID: 36605190 PMCID: PMC9808525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident (TR) immune cells play important roles in facilitating tissue homeostasis, coordinating immune responses against infections and tumors, and maintaining immunological memory. While studies have shown these cells are distinct phenotypically and functionally from cells found in the peripheral blood (PB), the clonal relationship between these populations across tissues has not been comprehensively studied in primates or humans. We utilized autologous transplantation of rhesus macaque hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells containing high diversity barcodes to track the clonal distribution of T, B, myeloid and natural killer (NK) cell populations across tissues, including liver, spleen, lung, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in comparison with PB longitudinally post-transplantation, in particular we focused on NK cells which do not contain endogenous clonal markers and have not been previously studied in this context. T cells demonstrated tissue-specific clonal expansions as expected, both overlapping and distinct from blood T cells. In contrast, B and myeloid cells showed a much more homogeneous clonal pattern across various tissues and the blood. The clonal distribution of TR NK was more heterogenous between individual animals. In some animals, as we have previously reported, we observed large PB clonal expansions in mature CD56-CD16+ NK cells. Notably, we found a separate set of highly expanded PB clones in CD16-CD56- (DN) NK subset that were also contributing to TR NK cells in all tissues examined, both in TR CD56-CD16+ and DN populations but absent in CD56+16- TR NK across all tissues analyzed. Additionally, we observed sets of TR NK clones specific to individual tissues such as lung or GI tract and sets of TR NK clones shared across liver and spleen, distinct from other tissues. Combined with prior functional data that suggests NK memory is restricted to liver or other TR NK cells, these clonally expanded TR NK cells may be of interest for future investigation into NK cell tissue immunological memory, with implications for development of NK based immunotherapies and an understanding of NK memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jialiu A. Liang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Lab of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taehoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryland D. Mortlock
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana M. Abraham
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David S.J. Allan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marvin L. Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Cynthia E. Dunbar,
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8
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T and NK Cells in IL2RG-Deficient Patient 50 Years After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1205-1222. [PMID: 35527320 PMCID: PMC9537207 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The first successful European hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 1968 as treatment in a newborn with IL2RG deficiency using an HLA-identical sibling donor. Because of declining naive T and natural killer (NK) cells, and persistent human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced warts, the patient received a peripheral stem cell boost at the age of 37 years. NK and T cells were assessed before and up to 14 years after the boost by flow cytometry. The boost induced renewed reconstitution of functional NK cells that were 14 years later enriched for CD56dimCD27+ NK cells. T-cell phenotype and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were simultaneously analyzed by including TCR Vβ antibodies in the cytometry panel. Naive T-cell numbers with a diverse TCR Vβ repertoire were increased by the boost. Before and after the boost, clonal expansions with a homogeneous TIGIT and PD-1 phenotype were identified in the CD27− and/or CD28− memory population in the patient, but not in the donor. TRB sequencing was applied on sorted T-cell subsets from blood and on T cells from skin biopsies. Abundant circulating CD8 memory clonotypes with a chronic virus-associated CD57+KLRG1+CX3CR1+ phenotype were also present in warts, but not in healthy skin of the patient, suggesting a link with HPV. In conclusion, we demonstrate in this IL2RG-deficient patient functional NK cells, a diverse and lasting naive T-cell compartment, supported by a stem cell boost, and an oligoclonal memory compartment half a century after HSCT.
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9
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Mylod E, Lysaght J, Conroy MJ. Natural killer cell therapy: A new frontier for obesity-associated cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215620. [PMID: 35283210 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell infiltration of solid tumours is associated with better outcomes, placing augmentation of NK cell abundance in tumours as an attractive immunotherapeutic approach. The unique ability of NK cells to target cancer cells without antigen specificity increases their versatility and applicability as an immunotherapeutic tool. However, successful utilisation of NK cell-based therapies in solid tumours is still at an early stage. Obesity has become a global health epidemic, and the prevalence of obesity-associated cancers has significantly increased. Obesity-associated malignancies provide a unique challenge for the successful application of cell-based immunotherapies including NK cell-based therapies because significant numbers of NK and T cells are recruited to the visceral adipose tissue at the expense of successful tumour infiltration and eradication. As such, immunotherapy efficacy has been disappointing for obesity-associated malignancies such as oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, immunotherapies for obesity-associated cancers warrant our further attention. Indeed, it is becoming ever more obvious that more innovative approaches are needed to re-invigorate anti-tumour immunity and overcome immune exclusion in such tumours. In this review, we briefly summarise the dysfunctionality of NK cells in obesity-associated cancer. We outline the NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches which hold promise as effective treatments in this disease space, including CAR-NK cells. Furthermore, we suggest future avenues which possess the potential to transform immunotherapy and specifically NK cell therapy efficacy for obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Mylod
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 8, Ireland; Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
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10
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Duault C, Kumar A, Taghi Khani A, Lee SJ, Yang L, Huang M, Hurtz C, Manning B, Ghoda L, McDonald T, Lacayo NJ, Sakamoto KM, Carroll M, Tasian SK, Marcucci G, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Maecker HT, Swaminathan S. Activated natural killer cells predict poor clinical prognosis in high-risk B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:1465-1480. [PMID: 34077953 PMCID: PMC8532198 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B/T-ALL) may be refractory or recur after therapy by suppressing host anticancer immune surveillance mediated specifically by natural killer (NK) cells. We delineated the phenotypic and functional defects in NK cells from high-risk patients with B/T-ALL using mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and in silico cytometry, with the goal of further elucidating the role of NK cells in sustaining acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regression. We found that, compared with their normal counterparts, NK cells from patients with B/T-ALL are less cytotoxic but exhibit an activated signature that is characterized by high CD56, high CD69, production of activated NK cell-origin cytokines, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling. We demonstrated that defective maturation of NK cells into cytotoxic effectors prevents NK cells from ALL from lysing NK cell-sensitive targets as efficiently as do normal NK cells. Additionally, we showed that NK cells in ALL are exhausted, which is likely caused by their chronic activation. We found that increased frequencies of activated cytokine-producing NK cells are associated with increased disease severity and independently predict poor clinical outcome in patients with ALL. Our studies highlight the benefits of developing NK cell profiling as a diagnostic tool to predict clinical outcome in patients with ALL and underscore the clinical potential of allogeneic NK cell infusions to prevent ALL recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duault
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Adeleh Taghi Khani
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Sung June Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryan Manning
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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11
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Mylod E, Melo AM, Donlon NE, Davern M, Bhardwaj A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Conroy MJ. Fractalkine Elicits Chemotactic, Phenotypic, and Functional Effects on CX3CR1 +CD27 - NK Cells in Obesity-Associated Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1200-1210. [PMID: 34321227 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (EAC) are obesity-associated malignancies underpinned by severe immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our previous work indicates that NK cells migrate to EAC omentum, where they undergo phenotypic and functional alterations and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether such erroneous chemotaxis to omentum is paralleled by compromised NK cell infiltration of EAC patient tumor and examine the role of the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine in shaping the NK cell-mediated response. Our data show diminished NK cell frequencies in EAC tumor compared with those in the circulation and reveal that intratumoral NK cell frequencies decline as visceral obesity increases in EAC patients. Our in vitro findings demonstrate that antagonism of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 significantly reduces NK cell migration to EAC patient-derived, omental adipose tissue-conditioned media, but not toward tumor-conditioned media. These data suggest fractalkine is a key driver of NK cell chemotaxis to omentum but has a lesser role in NK cell homing to tumor in EAC. We propose that this may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to limit NK cell depletion in the omentum of obese EAC patients, and our data suggest the optimal timing for CX3CR1 antagonism is after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Our functional studies demonstrate that fractalkine induces the conversion from CX3CR1+CD27- to CX3CR1-CD27+ NK cells and increases their IFN-γ and TNF-α production, indicative of its role in shaping the dominant NK cell phenotype in EAC omentum. This study uncovers crucial and potentially druggable pathways underpinning NK cell dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer and provides compelling insights into fractalkine's diverse biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Mylod
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty M Melo
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Gastro-intestinal Medicine and Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Gastro-intestinal Medicine and Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and the Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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12
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Interleukin-2 therapy of cancer-clinical perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107836. [PMID: 34218217 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that displays opposing activities on immune system acting either in favor of or against cancer progression. Advanced/metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the two types of cancers that included most studies implemented for assessing the role of high-dose IL-2 therapy. The use of high-dose IL-2 therapy can, however, increase the rate of toxicities and interferes with the activity of endothelial cells (ECs) and effector T cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). This implies the need for adjusting strategies related to the cytokine therapy, such as suppressing signals that are interfering with the activity of this cytokine or the use of engineered IL-2 variants. The focus of this review is to discuss about pros and cons related to the IL-2 therapy and propose strategies to increase the efficacy of therapy. The outcomes of this literature will call for application of variants of IL-2 engineered to represent higher half-life and efficacy, and are more safe in the area of cancer immunotherapy.
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13
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Naujoks W, Quandt D, Hauffe A, Kielstein H, Bähr I, Spielmann J. Characterization of Surface Receptor Expression and Cytotoxicity of Human NK Cells and NK Cell Subsets in Overweight and Obese Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573200. [PMID: 33101297 PMCID: PMC7546782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for several cancer types and an altered phenotype and functionality of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to investigate the association of overweight and obesity with NK cell functions and receptor expression profiles in humans. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from normal weight, overweight, and obese healthy blood donors. In depth analysis of immune cell populations and 23 different surface markers, including NK cell receptors, NK-cell-related markers as well as functional intracellular markers on total NK cells and NK subgroups were performed by multicolor flow cytometry. The data revealed a decreased expression of the activating NK cell receptors KIR2DS4 and NKp46 as well as an increased expression of the inhibitory NK cell receptors NKG2A and Siglec-7 in overweight and obese compared to normal weight individuals. Additionally, the expression of the adhesion molecule CD62L and the maturation and differentiation marker CD27 was downregulated in NK cells of overweight and obese subjects. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of NK cells against colorectal cancer cells was decreased in overweight and obese subjects. Investigations on underlying killing mechanisms demonstrated a reduced TRAIL expression on NK cells of obese subjects suggesting an impaired death receptor pathway in obesity. The present study gives new insights into an impaired functionality and phenotype of NK cells and NK cell subsets in overweight and obesity. These phenotypic alterations and dysfunction of NK cells might be an explanation for the increased cancer risk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Naujoks
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anja Hauffe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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14
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Miyazato K, Tahara H, Hayakawa Y. Antimetastatic effects of thalidomide by inducing the functional maturation of peripheral natural killer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2770-2778. [PMID: 32573072 PMCID: PMC7419051 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide and its analogues are known as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) that possess direct antimyeloma effects, in addition to other secondary effects, including antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Although the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells in the antitumor effects of IMiDs has been reported, it is unclear whether IMiDs inhibit cancer cell metastasis by regulating the antitumor function of NK cells. In this study, we examined the protective effects of thalidomide against cancer metastasis by focusing on its immunomodulatory effects through NK cells. Using experimental lung metastasis models, we found that pharmacological effects of thalidomide on host cells, but not its direct anticancer tumor effects, are responsible for the inhibition of lung metastases. To exert the antimetastatic effects of thalidomide, both γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) production and direct cytotoxicity of NK cells were essential, without notable contribution from T cells. In thalidomide‐treated mice, there was a significant increase in the terminally differentiated mature CD27lo NK cells in the peripheral tissues and NK cells in thalidomide‐treated mice showed significantly higher cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ production. The NK cell expression of T‐bet was upregulated by thalidomide treatment and the downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β expression was observed in thalidomide‐treated NK cells. Collectively, our study suggests that thalidomide induces the functional maturation of peripheral NK cells through alteration of T‐bet expression to inhibit lung metastasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Miyazato
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Osaka International Cancer Center, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Trikha P, Lee DA. The role of AhR in transcriptional regulation of immune cell development and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1873:188335. [PMID: 31816350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor (TF) that is a member of the Per-Arnt-Sim family of proteins. AhR regulates diverse processes, including malignant transformation, hematopoietic cell development, and fate determination of immune cell lineages. Moreover, AhR forms a crucial link between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Malignant cells frequently evolve multiple mechanisms for suppressing tumor-specific responses, including the induction of suppressive pathways involving AhR and its metabolic byproducts in the tumor microenvironment that promote immune evasion and tumor progression. Thus, interest is high in further defining the role of AhR in carcinogenesis and immune development and regulation, particularly regarding the therapeutic interventions that unleash immune responses to cancer cells. Here, we provide an overview of the role of AhR in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune response and discuss the implications of targeting this pathway to augment the immune response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Trikha
- Cellular Therapy & Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, WA-4112 Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America.
| | - Dean A Lee
- Cellular Therapy & Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, WA-4112 Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
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16
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Key features and homing properties of NK cells in the liver are shaped by activated iNKT cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16362. [PMID: 31704965 PMCID: PMC6841958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to the clearance of hepatic viral infections is well recognized. The recently discovered heterogeneity of NK cell populations renders them interesting targets for immune interventions. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a key interaction partner for hepatic NK cells. The present study addressed whether characteristics of NK cells in the liver can be shaped by targeting iNKT cells. For this, the CD1d-binding pegylated glycolipid αGalCerMPEG was assessed for its ability to modulate the features of NK cells permanently or transiently residing in the liver. In vivo administration resulted in enhanced functionality of educated and highly differentiated CD27+ Mac-1+ NK cells accompanied by an increased proliferation. Improved liver homing was supported by serum-derived and cellular factors. Reduced viral loads in a mCMV infection model confirmed the beneficial effect of NK cells located in the liver upon stimulation with αGalCerMPEG. Thus, targeting iNKT cell-mediated NK cell activation in the liver represents a promising approach for the establishment of liver-directed immune interventions.
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17
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The Important Role of Dendritic Cell (DC) in iNKT-Mediated Modulation of NK Cell Function in Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4742634. [PMID: 31236064 PMCID: PMC6545808 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4742634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection causes multiple acute and chronic human diseases. The role of DCs in host defense against Cpn infection has been well documented. The same is true for invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and NK cells, but the interaction among cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence and mechanism of iNKT cell on the differentiation and function of NK cell in Cpn lung infection and the role played by DCs in this process. We found that expansion of IFN-γ-producing NK cells quickly happened after the infection, but this response was altered in iNKT knockout (KO) mice. The expression of activation markers and the production of IFN-γ by different NK subsets were significantly lower in KO mice than wild-type (WT) mice. Using in vitro DC-NK coculture and in vivo adoptive transfer approaches, we further examined the role of DCs in iNKT-mediated modulation of NK cell function. We found that NK cells expressed lower levels of activation markers and produced less IFN-γ when they were cocultured with DCs from KO mice than WT mice. More importantly, we found that the adoptive transfer of DCs from the KO mice induced less NK cell activation and IFN-γ production. The results provided evidence on the modulating effect of iNKT cell on NK cell function, particularly the critical role of DCs in this modulation process. The finding suggests the complexity of cellular interactions in Cpn lung infection, which should be considered in designing preventive and therapeutic approaches for diseases and infections.
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18
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IL-27 promotes NK cell effector functions via Maf-Nrf2 pathway during influenza infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4984. [PMID: 30899058 PMCID: PMC6428861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus targets epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract. Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated early innate defense responses to influenza infection include the killing of infected epithelial cells and generation of anti-viral cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-γ). To date, it is unclear how the underlying cytokine milieu during infection regulates NK cell effector functions. Our data show during influenza infection myeloid cell-derived IL-27 regulates the early-phase effector functions of NK cells in the bronchioalveolar and lung tissue. Lack of IL-27R (Il27ra−/−) or IL-27 (Ebi3−/−) resulted in impaired NK cell effector functions including the generation of anti-viral IFN-γ responses. We identify CD27+CD11b+ NK cells as the primary subset that expresses IL-27R, which predominantly produces IFN-γ within the upper respiratory tract of the infected mice. IL-27 alone was incapable of altering the effector functions of NK cells. However, IL-27 sensitizes NK cells to augment both in vitro and in vivo responses mediated via the NKG2D receptor. This ‘priming’ function of IL-27 is mediated partly via transcriptional pathways regulated by Mafs and Nrf2 transcriptionally regulating TFAM and CPT1. Our data for the first time establishes a novel role for IL-27 in regulating early-phase effector functions of NK cells during influenza infection.
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19
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Yamamoto Y, Miyazato K, Takahashi K, Yoshimura N, Tahara H, Hayakawa Y. Lung-resident natural killer cells control pulmonary tumor growth in mice. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2670-2676. [PMID: 29927042 PMCID: PMC6125475 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of natural killer (NK) cells in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. NK cell subsets display diversities in their function and tissue distribution and Mac-1hi CD27lo NK cells are the predominant population of lung-resident NK cells. Although the lung is a major organ where primary tumor develops and cancer cells metastasize, there is no clear evidence whether circulating NK cells and/or tissue-resident NK cells control tumor growth in the lung. In the present study, we examined an antitumor function of lung-resident NK cells to control pulmonary tumor growth. In an orthotopic lung tumor model, NK cells controlled pulmonary tumor growth, and mature circulating NK cell subsets were increased in tumor-bearing lungs through a C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-dependent mechanism. Although such increase in migratory NK cell subsets can be blocked by anti-CXCR3 treatment, there was no difference in pulmonary tumor growth in anti-CXCR3-treated mice compared with control mice. In addition to pulmonary tumor growth, lung-resident NK cells, but not migratory NK cells, play a dominant role in controlling metastatic growth of cancer cells in lung. These results strongly indicate an importance of lung-resident NK cells for controlling pulmonary tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Pathogenic BiochemistryDepartment of BioscienceInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kiho Miyazato
- Division of Pathogenic BiochemistryDepartment of BioscienceInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and BioengineeringInstitute of Medical Sciencethe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic BiochemistryDepartment of BioscienceInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
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20
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Caldirola MS, Rodríguez Broggi MG, Gaillard MI, Bezrodnik L, Zwirner NW. Primary Immunodeficiencies Unravel the Role of IL-2/CD25/STAT5b in Human Natural Killer Cell Maturation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1429. [PMID: 29988287 PMCID: PMC6023967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role during immunity against viruses and circumstantial evidence also indicates that they can protect the host against developing tumors. Peripheral blood NK cells comprise CD56brightCD16lo/− cells that constitutively express CD25 (IL-2Rα) and CD56dimCD16hi cells that express CD25 upon activation. Using NK cells from two patients, one with a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a homozygous mutation in CD25 (born in year 2007 and studied since she was 3 years old) and one with a homozygous mutation in STAT5b (born in year 1992 and studied since she was 10 years old), we observed that the absence of IL-2 signaling through CD25 promotes the accumulation of CD56brightCD16high NK cells, and that CD56brightCD16lo, CD56brightCD16high, and CD56dimCD16high NK cells of this patient exhibited higher content of perforin and granzyme B, and proliferation capacity, compared to healthy donors. Also, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells of this patient exhibited a reduced IFN-γ production in response to cytokine stimulation and increased degranulation against K562 cells. Also, the CD25-deficient patient presented a lower frequency of terminally differentiated NK cells in the CD56dimCD16hi NK subpopulation compared to the HD (assessed by CD57 and CD94 expression). Remarkably, CD56dimCD16high NK cells from both patients exhibited notoriously higher expression of CD62L compared to HD, suggesting that in the absence of IL-2 signaling through CD25 and STAT5b, NK cells fail to properly downregulate CD62L during their transition from CD56brightCD16lo/− to CD56dimCD16hi cells. Thus, we provide the first demonstration about the in vivo requirement of the integrity of the IL-2/CD25/STAT5b axis for proper human NK cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Isabel Gaillard
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Bezrodnik
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Inmunología Clínica "Dra. Bezrodnik", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. NK cells in autoimmune diseases: Linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:142-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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MacFarlane AW, Jillab M, Smith MR, Alpaugh RK, Cole ME, Litwin S, Millenson MM, Al-Saleem T, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. NK cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with loss of the mature cells expressing inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1330235. [PMID: 28811973 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1330235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective analysis of natural killer (NK) cell phenotype and function was performed on fresh peripheral blood samples from untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Compared to healthy controls, CD56dim NK cells in CLL patients displayed reduced expression of the NKG2D activating receptor and increased CD27 expression, which indicates declines in mature cells. In addition, NK cells from CLL patients showed reduced degranulation responses toward transformed B cells alone or with rituximab and were more sensitive to activation-induced cell death. We further noted a striking reduction in the frequency and viability of NK cells expressing the inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR)2DL1 and/or KIR3DL1, which progressed over time in most patients. Comparisons between a CLL patient and healthy monozygotic twin were consistent with our results in the larger cohorts. Functional and biomarker alterations were less pronounced on NK cells from SLL patients, which have lower tumor burden in peripheral blood than CLL, but significant reduction in degranulation under ADCC conditions and lower frequency and viability of KIR-expressing NK cells were still evident in SLL. We conclude that mature KIR-expressing NK cells respond to the high circulating B cell tumor burden in CLL, but undergo activation-induced apoptosis. Consequently, CLL patients may benefit from therapies that augment NK cell survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W MacFarlane
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mowafaq Jillab
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell R Smith
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Katherine Alpaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marion E Cole
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Litwin
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael M Millenson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tahseen Al-Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam D Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Kaczmarek DJ, Kokordelis P, Krämer B, Glässner A, Wolter F, Goeser F, Lutz P, Schwarze-Zander C, Boesecke C, Strassburg CP, Rockstroh JK, Spengler U, Nattermann J. Alterations of the NK cell pool in HIV/HCV co-infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174465. [PMID: 28380039 PMCID: PMC5381812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relevant proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients is co-infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV co-infection in HIV-positive patients is associated with faster progression of liver disease in comparison to HCV mono-infection. Natural killer (NK) cells critically modulate the natural course of HCV infection. Both HIV and HCV mono-infection are associated with alterations of the NK cell pool. However, little data is available concerning phenotype and function of NK cells in HIV/HCV co-infection. METHODS A total of 34 HIV/HCV co-infected, 35 HIV and 39 HCV mono-infected patients and 43 healthy control persons were enrolled into this study. All HIV-positive patients were under effective antiretroviral therapy. NK cell phenotype, IFN-γ production and degranulation were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS NK cell frequency in HIV/HCV co-infection was significantly lower than in healthy individuals but did not differ from HIV and HCV mono-infection. HIV/HCV co-infection was associated with significantly decreased expression of the maturation/differentiation markers CD27/62L/127 on NK cells but increased expression of CD57 compared to healthy controls. Of note, expression also differed significantly from HCV mono-infection but was similar to HIV mono-infection, suggesting a pronounced impact of HIV on these alterations. Similar findings were made with regard to the NK cell receptors NKG2A/C and NKp30. More importantly, NK cells in co-infection displayed a highly impaired functional activity with significantly lower IFN-γ production and degranulation than in healthy donors as well as HIV and HCV mono-infection, suggesting a synergistic effect of both viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with significant alterations of the NK cell pool, which might be involved in the rapid progression of liver disease in co-infected patients and which mainly reflect alterations observed in HIV mono-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik J. Kaczmarek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavlos Kokordelis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Glässner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Goeser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolynne Schwarze-Zander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen K. Rockstroh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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24
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Hasan MS, Ryan PL, Bergmeier LA, Fortune F. Circulating NK cells and their subsets in Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:311-322. [PMID: 28170096 PMCID: PMC5383445 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is an autoinflammatory, chronic relapsing/remitting disease of unknown aetiology with both innate and acquired immune cells implicated in disease pathogenesis. Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells and their CD56Dim /CD56Bright subsets were surface phenotyped using CD27 and CD16 surface markers in 60 BD patients compared to 60 healthy controls (HCs). Functional potential was assessed by production of interferon (IFN)-γ, granzyme B, perforin and the expression of degranulation marker CD107a. The effects of disease activity (BDActive versus BDQuiet ) and BD medication on NK cells were also investigated. Peripheral blood NK cells (P < 0·0001) and their constituent CD56Dim (P < 0·0001) and CD56Bright (P = 0·0015) subsets were depleted significantly in BD patients compared to HCs, and especially in those with active disease (BDActive ) (P < 0·0001). BD patients taking azathioprine also had significantly depleted NK cells compared to HCs (P < 0·0001). A stepwise multivariate linear regression model confirmed BD activity and azathioprine therapy as significant independent predictor variables of peripheral blood NK percentage (P < 0·001). In general, CD56Dim cells produced more perforin (P < 0·0001) and granzyme B (P < 0·01) expressed higher CD16 levels (P < 0·0001) compared to CD56Bright cells, confirming their increased cytotoxic potential with overall higher NK cell CD107a expression in BD compared to HCs (P < 0·01). Interestingly, IFN-γ production and CD27 expression were not significantly different between CD56Dim /CD56Bright subsets. In conclusion, both BD activity and azathioprine therapy have significant independent depletive effects on the peripheral blood NK cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hasan
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - P L Ryan
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L A Bergmeier
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F Fortune
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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25
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Abolhassani H, Edwards ESJ, Ikinciogullari A, Jing H, Borte S, Buggert M, Du L, Matsuda-Lennikov M, Romano R, Caridha R, Bade S, Zhang Y, Frederiksen J, Fang M, Bal SK, Haskologlu S, Dogu F, Tacyildiz N, Matthews HF, McElwee JJ, Gostick E, Price DA, Palendira U, Aghamohammadi A, Boisson B, Rezaei N, Karlsson AC, Lenardo MJ, Casanova JL, Hammarström L, Tangye SG, Su HC, Pan-Hammarström Q. Combined immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell malignancy in humans with inherited CD70 deficiency. J Exp Med 2016; 214:91-106. [PMID: 28011864 PMCID: PMC5206499 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abolhassani et al. show that CD70 deficiency is a novel cause of combined immunodeficiency and EBV-associated diseases, reminiscent of CD27 deficiency. CD70–CD27 interactions play a nonredundant role regulating humoral- and cell-mediated immunity in humans, especially for control of EBV. In this study, we describe four patients from two unrelated families of different ethnicities with a primary immunodeficiency, predominantly manifesting as susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–related diseases. Three patients presented with EBV-associated Hodgkin’s lymphoma and hypogammaglobulinemia; one also had severe varicella infection. The fourth had viral encephalitis during infancy. Homozygous frameshift or in-frame deletions in CD70 in these patients abolished either CD70 surface expression or binding to its cognate receptor CD27. Blood lymphocyte numbers were normal, but the proportions of memory B cells and EBV-specific effector memory CD8+ T cells were reduced. Furthermore, although T cell proliferation was normal, in vitro–generated EBV-specific cytotoxic T cell activity was reduced because of CD70 deficiency. This reflected impaired activation by, rather than effects during killing of, EBV-transformed B cells. Notably, expression of 2B4 and NKG2D, receptors implicated in controlling EBV infection, on memory CD8+ T cells from CD70-deficient individuals was reduced, consistent with their impaired killing of EBV-infected cells. Thus, autosomal recessive CD70 deficiency is a novel cause of combined immunodeficiency and EBV-associated diseases, reminiscent of inherited CD27 deficiency. Overall, human CD70–CD27 interactions therefore play a nonredundant role in T and B cell–mediated immunity, especially for protection against EBV and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14149 Tehran, Iran
| | - Emily S J Edwards
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huie Jing
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephan Borte
- ImmunoDeficiency Center Leipzig, Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, D-04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Likun Du
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mami Matsuda-Lennikov
- Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rosa Romano
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rozina Caridha
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta Bade
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juliet Frederiksen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mingyan Fang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevgi Kostel Bal
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Haskologlu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Dogu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Tacyildiz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ankara University Medical School, 06100 Dikimevi-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helen F Matthews
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - David A Price
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | | | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14149 Tehran, Iran.,Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, 14149 Tehran, Iran
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14149 Tehran, Iran.,Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, 14149 Tehran, Iran
| | - Annika C Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 .,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE1418 Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Melsen JE, Lugthart G, Lankester AC, Schilham MW. Human Circulating and Tissue-Resident CD56(bright) Natural Killer Cell Populations. Front Immunol 2016; 7:262. [PMID: 27446091 PMCID: PMC4927633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two human natural killer (NK) cell subsets are usually distinguished, displaying the CD56dimCD16+ and the CD56brightCD16−/+ phenotype. This distinction is based on NK cells present in blood, where the CD56dim NK cells predominate. However, CD56bright NK cells outnumber CD56dim NK cells in the human body due to the fact that they are predominant in peripheral and lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, within the total CD56bright NK cell compartment, a major phenotypical and functional diversity is observed, as demonstrated by the discovery of tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells in the uterus, liver, and lymphoid tissues. Uterus-resident CD56bright NK cells express CD49a while the liver- and lymphoid tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells are characterized by co-expression of CD69 and CXCR6. Tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells have a low natural cytotoxicity and produce little interferon-γ upon monokine stimulation. Their distribution and specific phenotype suggest that the tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells exert tissue-specific functions. In this review, we examine the CD56bright NK cell diversity by discussing the distribution, phenotype, and function of circulating and tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells. In addition, we address the ongoing debate concerning the developmental relationship between circulating CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells and speculate on the position of tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells. We conclude that distinguishing tissue-resident CD56bright NK cells from circulating CD56bright NK cells is a prerequisite for the better understanding of the specific role of CD56bright NK cells in the complex process of human immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine E Melsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Lugthart
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Marco W Schilham
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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27
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Gerstner S, Köhler W, Heidkamp G, Purbojo A, Uchida S, Ekici AB, Heger L, Luetke-Eversloh M, Schubert R, Bader P, Klingebiel T, Koehl U, Mackensen A, Romagnani C, Cesnjevar R, Dudziak D, Ullrich E. Specific phenotype and function of CD56-expressing innate immune cell subsets in human thymus. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1297-1310. [PMID: 27354408 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0116-038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas innate immune cells, such as NK and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), have been characterized in different human tissues, knowledge on the thymic CD56-expressing cell subsets is limited. In this study, the rare subpopulations of thymic CD56+CD3- cells from samples of >100 patients have been successfully analyzed. The results revealed fundamental differences between thymic and peripheral blood (PB) CD56+CD3- cells. Thymic tissues lacked immunoregulatory CD56highCD16dim NK cells but showed two Eomes+CD56dim subsets on which common NK cell markers were significantly altered. CD56dimCD16high cells expressed high amounts of NKG2A, NKG2D, and CD27 with low CD57. Conversely, CD56dimCD16dim cells displayed high CD127 but low expression of KIR, NKG2D, and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). Thymic CD56+CD3- cells were able to gain cytotoxicity but were especially immunoregulatory cells, producing a broad range of cytokines. Finally, one population of thymic CD56+ cells resembled conventional NK cells, whereas the other represented a novel, noncanonical NK subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gerstner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Köhler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon Heidkamp
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariawan Purbojo
- Department of Pediatric Heart Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Merlin Luetke-Eversloh
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum-Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Peter Bader
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum-Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Cesnjevar
- Department of Pediatric Heart Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; .,Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Laboratory for Cellular Immunology, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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28
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Pinhas N, Sternberg-Simon M, Chiossone L, Shahaf G, Walzer T, Vivier E, Mehr R. Murine peripheral NK-cell populations originate from site-specific immature NK cells more than from BM-derived NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1258-70. [PMID: 26919267 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Murine NK cells can be divided by the expression of two cell surface markers, CD27 and Mac-1 (a.k.a. CD11b), into four separate subsets. These subsets suggest a linear development model: CD27(-) Mac-1(-) → CD27(+) Mac-1(-) → CD27(+) Mac-1(+) → CD27(-) Mac-1(+) . Here, we used a combination of BrdU labeling experiments and mathematical modeling to gain insights regarding NK-cell development in mouse bone marrow (BM), spleen and liver. The modeling results that best fit the experimental data show that the majority of NK cells already express CD27 upon entering the NK-cell developmental pathway. Additionally, only a small fraction of NK cells exit the BM to other sites, suggesting that peripheral NK-cell populations originate from site-specific immature NK cells more than from BM-derived mature NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissim Pinhas
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Sternberg-Simon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gitit Shahaf
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM-CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University UM2, Inserm U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
- Service d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ramit Mehr
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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29
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Burks J, Reed RE, Desai SD. Free ISG15 triggers an antitumor immune response against breast cancer: a new perspective. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7221-31. [PMID: 25749047 PMCID: PMC4466680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15), an antagonist of the canonical ubiquitin pathway, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers. In cancer cells, ISG15 is detected as free (intracellular) and conjugated to cellular proteins (ISGylation). Free ISG15 is also secreted into the extracellular milieu. ISGylation has protumor functions and extracellular free ISG15 has immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Therefore, whether ISG15 is a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in vivo remains controversial. The current study aimed to clarify the role of free ISG15 in tumorigenesis. Breast cancer cells stably expressing control, ISG15, and UbcH8 (ISG15-specific E2 ligase) shRNAs were used to assess the immunoregulatory and antitumor function of free ISG15 in cell culture (in vitro) and in nude mice (in vivo). We show that extracellular free ISG15 suppresses breast tumor growth and increases NK cell infiltration into xenografted breast tumors in nude mice, and intracellular free ISG15 enhances major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I surface expression in breast cancer cells. We conclude that free ISG15 may have antitumor and immunoregulatory function in vivo. These findings provides the basis for developing strategies to increase systemic levels of free ISG15 to treat cancer patients overexpressing the ISG15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Burks
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Present Address: Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Molecular Oncology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan E Reed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shyamal D Desai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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30
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Jensen SS, Fomsgaard A, Borggren M, Tingstedt JL, Gerstoft J, Kronborg G, Rasmussen LD, Pedersen C, Karlsson I. HIV-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) -Mediating Antibodies Decline while NK Cell Function Increases during Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145249. [PMID: 26696395 PMCID: PMC4692281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding alterations in HIV-specific immune responses during antiretroviral therapy (ART), such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), is important in the development of novel strategies to control HIV-1 infection. This study included 53 HIV-1 positive individuals. We evaluated the ability of effector cells and antibodies to mediate ADCC separately and in combination using the ADCC-PanToxiLux assay. The ability of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to mediate ADCC was significantly higher in individuals who had been treated with ART before seroconversion, compared to the individuals initiating ART at a low CD4+ T cell count (<350 cells/μl blood) and the ART-naïve individuals. The frequency of CD16 expressing natural killer (NK) cells correlated with both the duration of ART and Granzyme B (GzB) activity. In contrast, the plasma titer of antibodies mediating ADCC declined during ART. These findings suggest improved cytotoxic function of the NK cells if initiating ART early during infection, while the levels of ADCC mediating antibodies declined during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Skov Jensen
- Virus Research & Development Laboratory, Department of Microbial Diagnostic and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.,Infectious Disease Research Unit, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- Virus Research & Development Laboratory, Department of Microbial Diagnostic and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Infectious Disease Research Unit, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Borggren
- Virus Research & Development Laboratory, Department of Microbial Diagnostic and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Linnea Tingstedt
- Virus Research & Development Laboratory, Department of Microbial Diagnostic and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Kronborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Court Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Karlsson
- Virus Research & Development Laboratory, Department of Microbial Diagnostic and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Activated NKT cells imprint NK-cell differentiation, functionality and education. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1794-807. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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HIV-specific ADCC improves after antiretroviral therapy and correlates with normalization of the NK cell phenotype. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:103-11. [PMID: 25394194 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell phenotype and function have recently gained much attention as playing crucial roles in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We investigated NK cell function, as measured by ADCC, in HIV-1-positive individuals before and 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. METHOD The ability of antibodies and NK cells to mediate ADCC was investigated separately and in combination in an autologous model. The NK cell subset distribution and NK cell phenotype (ie, expression of maturation and activation markers within NK cell subsets) were analyzed. RESULTS The ability of NK cells to mediate ADCC was significantly increased after only 6 months of HAART and was not explained by a normalization of NK cell subsets (CD56 CD16 and CD56 CD16 NK cells) but rather by normalization in the frequency of NK cells expressing CCR7 and CD27. For individuals with no increase in ADCC after 6 months of HAART, the frequency of NK cells expressing NKp46 was downregulated. The ability of antibodies to mediate ADCC alone and in combination in an autologous model was not improved. CONCLUSIONS HAART improves the ability of NK cells to mediate ADCC after 6 months. This improvement does not correlate with general immune restoration, as measured by CD4 T-cell counts, but rather to a decrease in the frequency of NK cells expressing CCR7 and CD27.
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Stabile H, Nisti P, Morrone S, Pagliara D, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, Santoni A, Gismondi A. Multifunctional human CD56 low CD16 low natural killer cells are the prominent subset in bone marrow of both healthy pediatric donors and leukemic patients. Haematologica 2015; 100:489-98. [PMID: 25596273 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We phenotypically and functionally characterized a distinct CD56(low) natural killer cell subset based on CD16 expression levels in bone marrow and peripheral blood of healthy children and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that CD56(low)CD16(low) natural killer cells are more abundant in bone marrow than in peripheral blood and that their frequency is further increased in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone marrow and peripheral blood CD56(low)CD16(low) natural killer cells compared with CD56(low)CD16(high) natural killer cells express lower levels of killer inhibitory receptors, higher levels of CD27, CD127, CD122, CD25, but undetectable levels of CD57, suggesting that they have a higher proliferative and differentiation potential. Moreover, CD56(low)CD16(low) natural killer cells display higher levels of CXCR4 and undetectable levels of CX3CR1 and can be consistently and rapidly mobilized in peripheral blood in response to CXCR4 antagonist. Unlike CD56(low)CD16(high), both bone marrow and peripheral blood CD56(low)CD16(low) natural killer cells release IFNγ following cytokine stimulation, and represent the major cytotoxic natural killer cell population against K562 or acute lymphoblastic leukemia target cells. All these data suggest that CD56(low)CD16(low) natural killer cells are multifunctional cells, and that the presence of hematologic malignancies affects their frequency and functional ability at both tumor site and in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza"
| | - Paolo Nisti
- Department Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza"
| | - Stefania Morrone
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza"
| | - Daria Pagliara
- Department Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome and University of Pavia
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome and University of Pavia
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome and University of Pavia
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza" Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza" Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci Foundation, Rome
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CD27(+)CD56Bright natural killer cells may be involved in spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C in HIV-positive patients. AIDS 2014; 28:1879-84. [PMID: 24922598 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse the potential role of CD27 in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-positive patients. DESIGN Frequency of CD27-expressing CD56 NK cells was analysed in HIV mono-infected individuals and HIV-positive patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C. Anti-HCV activity of CD27(+) and CD27(-) NK cells was compared. METHODS NK cell mediated inhibition of HCV replication was analysed using the HUH7 HCV Replicon model. NK cell phenotype and interferon (IFN) secretion was studied by flowcytometry. RESULTS High frequency of CD27(+)CD56 NK cells is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C in HIV-positive patients. Accordingly, we found CD27(+)CD56 NK cells to display strong anti-HCV activity. CONCLUSION Our results underline the important role of NK cells in modulating outcome of HCV infection.
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Chen Z, Chen X, Xu Y, Xiong P, Fang M, Tan Z, Gong F, Zheng F. Collagenase digestion down-regulates the density of CD27 on lymphocytes. J Immunol Methods 2014; 413:57-61. [PMID: 25066632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagenases are widely used for tissue digestion in experiments due to their potent hydrolysis of connective tissue. CD27, also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 7 (TNFRSF7), is limited to be expressed on the cells of the lymphoid lineage. In our preliminary research, we found that CD27 on NK cells was almost disappeared with the digestion of type I collagenase for 90min. This phenomenon suggests that the process of tissue digestion may affect the density of CD27 on cells. In order to verify this, the lungs of mice were digested with types I and IV collagenase or grinded, respectively. The percentage of CD27(+) cells and the density of CD27 on cells were assayed by flow cytometry. The data presented that the percentage of CD27(+) cells and the density of CD27 on lymphocytes gradually decreased with the time of digestion with type I or IV collagenase. We also detected that the density of CD11b on NK cells was not affected by collagenase digestion. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggest that the collagenase digestion has a selective effect on the density of molecules on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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NK cell intrinsic regulation of MIP-1α by granzyme M. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1115. [PMID: 24625974 PMCID: PMC3973215 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes are generally recognized for their capacity to induce various pathways of perforin-dependent target cell death. Within this serine protease family, Granzyme M (GrzM) is unique owing to its preferential expression in innate effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells. During Listeria monocytogenes infection, we observed markedly reduced secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) in livers of GrzM-deficient mice, which resulted in significantly impaired NK cell recruitment. Direct stimulation with IL-12 and IL-15 demonstrated that GrzM was required for maximal secretion of active MIP-1α. This effect was not due to reduced protein induction but resulted from heightened intracellular accumulation of MIP-1α, with reduced release. These results demonstrate that GrzM is a critical mediator of innate immunity that can regulate chemotactic networks and has an important role in the initiation of immune responses and pathogen control.
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Flow cytometric detection of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular cytokine expression in peripheral blood subpopulations from patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:671431. [PMID: 24741615 PMCID: PMC3987974 DOI: 10.1155/2014/671431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometric analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling cascade is optimally achieved by methanol permeabilization protocols. Such protocols suffer from the difficulties to accurately detect intracellular cytokines and surface epitopes of infrequent cell subpopulations, which are removed by methanol. To overcome these limitations, we have modified methanol-based phosphoflow protocols using several commercially available antibody clones suitable for surface antigens, intracellular cytokines, and p38 MAPK. These included markers of B cells (CD19, CD20, and CD22), T cells (CD3, CD4, and CD8), NK (CD56 and CD7), and dendritic cells (CD11c). We have also tested surface markers of costimulatory molecules, such as CD27. We have successfully determined simultaneous expression of IFN- γ , as well as IL-10, and phosphorylated p38 in cell subsets. The optimized phosphoflow protocol has also been successfully applied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified cell subpopulations from patients with various autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, our refined phosphoflow cytometric approach allows simultaneous detection of p38 MAPK activity and intracellular cytokine expression and could be used as an important tool to study signaling cascades in autoimmunity.
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Deniz G, van de Veen W, Akdis M. Natural killer cells in patients with allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:527-535. [PMID: 23993354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells not only exert cytotoxic activity against tumor cells or infected cells but also act to regulate the function of other immune cells through secretion of cytokines and chemokines or cell contact-dependent mechanisms. NK cells are able to polarize in vitro into 2 functional distinct subsets, NK1 or NK2 cells, which are analogous to the T-cell subsets TH1 or TH2. In addition, a regulatory NK cell subset has been described that secretes IL-10, shows antigen-specific T-cell suppression, and suppresses IgE production. Although it has been demonstrated that NK cells play important roles in autoimmunity, cancer, transplantation, and pregnancy, the role of NK cells in allergy has not been extensively discussed. This review aims to discuss our understanding of NK cells and NK cell subsets in allergic inflammation and IgE regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Deniz
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Horowitz A, Strauss-Albee DM, Leipold M, Kubo J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Dogan OC, Dekker CL, Mackey S, Maecker H, Swan GE, Davis MM, Norman PJ, Guethlein LA, Desai M, Parham P, Blish CA. Genetic and environmental determinants of human NK cell diversity revealed by mass cytometry. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:208ra145. [PMID: 24154599 PMCID: PMC3918221 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in immune defense and reproduction, yet remain the most poorly understood major lymphocyte population. Because their activation is controlled by a variety of combinatorially expressed activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cell diversity and function are closely linked. To provide an unprecedented understanding of NK cell repertoire diversity, we used mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze 37 parameters, including 28 NK cell receptors, on peripheral blood NK cells from 5 sets of monozygotic twins and 12 unrelated donors of defined human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype. This analysis revealed a remarkable degree of NK cell diversity, with an estimated 6000 to 30,000 phenotypic populations within an individual and >100,000 phenotypes in the donor panel. Genetics largely determined inhibitory receptor expression, whereas activation receptor expression was heavily environmentally influenced. Therefore, NK cells may maintain self-tolerance through strictly regulated expression of inhibitory receptors while using adaptable expression patterns of activating and costimulatory receptors to respond to pathogens and tumors. These findings further suggest the possibility that discrete NK cell subpopulations could be harnessed for immunotherapeutic strategies in the settings of infection, reproduction, and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Horowitz
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dara M. Strauss-Albee
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Leipold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jessica Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ozge C. Dogan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia L. Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sally Mackey
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gary E. Swan
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisbeth A. Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Manisha Desai
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Jang YS, Kang W, Chang DY, Sung PS, Park BC, Yoo SH, Park YW, Shin EC. CD27 engagement by a soluble CD70 protein enhances non-cytolytic antiviral activity of CD56bright natural killer cells by IFN-γ secretion. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:379-87. [PMID: 24211844 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated regulation of human NK cell function by CD27 engagement using a recombinant soluble CD70 protein. CD27 was preferentially expressed on CD56(bright) NK cells, and soluble CD70 protein bound to CD27(+)CD56(bright) NK cells. While soluble CD70 protein enhanced IFN-γ secretion by CD56(bright) NK cells in the presence of IL-12, it augmented neither cytolytic activity nor proliferation of NK cells. Thus, we next asked if soluble CD70 protein could be used to induce non-cytolytic antiviral activity of NK cells using an in vitro hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection system. Soluble CD70 protein stimulated NK cells to suppress HCV replication by enhancing NK cell IFN-γ secretion without killing infected cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that CD27 engagement by a soluble CD70 protein enhances non-cytolytic antiviral activity of CD56(bright) NK cells by IFN-γ secretion. Thus, this soluble CD70 protein may be useful for the treatment of viral infections such as HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soon Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Ballas ZK, Buchta CM, Rosean TR, Heusel JW, Shey MR. Role of NK cell subsets in organ-specific murine melanoma metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65599. [PMID: 23776508 PMCID: PMC3679158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. Among solid tumors that undergo metastasis, there is often a predilection to metastasize to a particular organ with, for example, prostate cancer preferentially metastasizing to bones and colon cancer preferentially metastasizing to the liver. Although many factors are thought to be important in establishing permissiveness for metastasis, the reasons for organ-specific predilection of each tumor are not understood. Using a B16 murine melanoma model, we tested the hypothesis that organ-specific NK cell subsets play a critical role in organ-specific metastasis of this tumor. Melanoma cells, given intravenously, readily colonized the lungs but not the liver. NK cell depletion (either iatrogenically or by using genetically targeted mice) resulted in substantial hepatic metastasis. Analysis of NK cell subsets, defined by the differential expression of a combination of CD27 and CD11b, indicated a significant difference in the distribution of NK cell subsets in the lung and liver with the mature subset being dominant in the lung and the immature subset being dominant in the liver. Several experimental approaches, including adoptive transfer, clearly indicated that the immature hepatic NK cell subset, CD27+ CD11b–, was protective against liver metastasis; this subset mediated its protection by a perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism. In contrast, the more mature NK cell subsets were more efficient at reducing pulmonary tumor load. These data indicate that organ-specific immune responses may play a pivotal role in determining the permissiveness of a given organ for the establishment of a metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair K. Ballas
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZKB); (MRS)
| | - Claire M. Buchta
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Rosean
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Heusel
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Shey
- Iowa City VA Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZKB); (MRS)
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Mair KH, Müllebner A, Essler SE, Duvigneau JC, Storset AK, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Porcine CD8αdim/-NKp46high NK cells are in a highly activated state. Vet Res 2013; 44:13. [PMID: 23452562 PMCID: PMC3599810 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the early phase of immune responses against various pathogens. In swine so far only little information about this lymphocyte population exists. Phenotypical analyses with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine NKp46 recently revealed that in blood NKp46- and NKp46+ cells with NK phenotype exist with comparable cytotoxic properties. In spleen a third NKp46-defined population with NK phenotype was observed that was characterised by a low to negative CD8α and increased NKp46 expression. In the current study it is shown that this NKp46high phenotype was correlated with an increased expression of CD16 and CD27 compared to the CD8α+NKp46- and NKp46+ NK-cell subsets in spleen and blood. Additionally NKp46high NK cells expressed elevated levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on mRNA level. Functional analyses revealed that splenic NKp46high NK cells produced much higher levels of Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α upon stimulation with cytokines or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/Ionomycin compared to the other two subsets. Furthermore, cross-linking of NKp46 by NKp46-specific mAbs led to a superior CD107a expression in the NKp46high NK cells, thus indicating a higher cytolytic capacity of this subset. Therefore porcine splenic NKp46high NK cells represent a highly activated subset of NK cells and may play a profound role in the immune surveillance of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Essler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Fuchs A, Vermi W, Lee JS, Lonardi S, Gilfillan S, Newberry RD, Cella M, Colonna M. Intraepithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells are a unique subset of IL-12- and IL-15-responsive IFN-γ-producing cells. Immunity 2013; 38:769-81. [PMID: 23453631 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets promote immune responses to pathogens by producing distinct signature cytokines in response to changes in the cytokine microenvironment. We previously identified human ILC3 distinguished by interleukin-22 (IL-22) secretion. Here we characterized a human ILC1 subset that produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to IL-12 and IL-15 and had a unique integrin profile, intraepithelial location, hallmarks of TGF-β imprinting, and a memory-activated phenotype. Because tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells share this profile, intraepithelial ILC1 may be their innate counterparts. In mice, intraepithelial ILC1 were distinguished by CD160 expression and required Nfil3- and Tbx21-encoded transcription factors for development, but not IL-15 receptor-α, indicating that intraepithelial ILC1 are distinct from conventional NK cells. Intraepithelial ILC1 were amplified in Crohn's disease patients and contributed to pathology in the anti-CD40-induced colitis model in mice. Thus, intraepithelial ILC1 may initiate IFN-γ responses against pathogens but contribute to pathology when dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Fuchs
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Desbois M, Rusakiewicz S, Locher C, Zitvogel L, Chaput N. Natural killer cells in non-hematopoietic malignancies. Front Immunol 2012; 3:395. [PMID: 23269924 PMCID: PMC3529393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and were initially described functionallywise by their spontaneous cytotoxic potential against transformed or virus-infected cells. A delicate balance between activating and inhibiting receptors regulates NK cell tolerance. A better understanding of tissue resident NK cells, of NK cell maturation stages and migration patterns has evolved allowing a thoughtful evaluation of their modus operandi. While evidence has been brought up for their relevance as gate keepers in some hematopoietic malignancies, the role of NK cells against progression and dissemination of solid tumors remains questionable. Hence, many studies pointed out the functional defects of the rare NK cell infiltrates found in tumor beds and the lack of efficacy of adoptively transferred NK cells in patients. However, several preclinical evidences suggest their anti-metastatic role in a variety of mouse tumor models. In the present review, we discuss NK cell functions according to their maturation stage and environmental milieu, the receptor/ligand interactions dictating tumor cell recognition and recapitulate translational studies aimed at deciphering their prognostic or predictive role against human solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Desbois
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Villejuif, France ; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy Villejuif, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud Le Kremlin-Bicȴtre, France xs
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Molecular signature in HCV-positive lymphomas. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:623465. [PMID: 22952554 PMCID: PMC3431075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive, single-stranded RNA virus, which has been associated to different subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Cumulative evidence suggests an HCV-related antigen driven process in the B-NHL development. The underlying molecular signature associated to HCV-related B-NHL has to date remained obscure. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in this field with a special mention to different sets of genes whose expression is associated with BCR coupled to Blys signaling which in turn was found to be linked to B-cell maturation stages and NF-κb transcription factor. Even if recent progress on HCV-B-NHL signature has been made, the precise relationship between HCV and lymphoma development and phenotype signature remain to be clarified.
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Rintoul JL, Lemay CG, Tai LH, Stanford MM, Falls TJ, de Souza CT, Bridle BW, Daneshmand M, Ohashi PS, Wan Y, Lichty BD, Mercer AA, Auer RC, Atkins HL, Bell JC. ORFV: a novel oncolytic and immune stimulating parapoxvirus therapeutic. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1148-57. [PMID: 22273579 PMCID: PMC3369287 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicating viruses for the treatment of cancer have a number of advantages over traditional therapeutic modalities. They are highly targeted, self-amplifying, and have the added potential to act as both gene-therapy delivery vehicles and oncolytic agents. Parapoxvirus ovis or Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototypic species of the Parapoxvirus genus, causing a benign disease in its natural ungulate host. ORFV possesses a number of unique properties that make it an ideal viral backbone for the development of a cancer therapeutic: it is safe in humans, has the ability to cause repeat infections even in the presence of antibody, and it induces a potent T(h)-1-dominated immune response. Here, we show that live replicating ORFV induces an antitumor immune response in multiple syngeneic mouse models of cancer that is mediated largely by the potent activation of both cytokine-secreting, and tumoricidal natural killer (NK) cells. We have also highlighted the clinical potential of the virus by demonstration of human cancer cell oncolysis including efficacy in an A549 xenograft model of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Rintoul
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal G Lemay
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne M Stanford
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa J Falls
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiano T de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew A Mercer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold L Atkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Redefining interferon-producing killer dendritic cells as a novel intermediate in NK-cell differentiation. Blood 2012; 119:4349-57. [PMID: 22353997 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-395954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell lineage origin of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs), which exhibit prominent antitumoral activity, has been subject to debate. Although IKDCs were first described as a cell type exhibiting both plasmacytoid DC and natural killer (NK) cell properties, the current view reflects that IKDCs merely represent activated NK cells expressing B220, which were thus renamed B220+ NK cells. Herein, we further investigate the lineage relation of B220+ NK cells with regard to other NK-cell subsets. We surprisingly find that, after adoptive transfer, B220- NK cells did not acquire B220 expression, even in the presence of potent activating stimuli. These findings strongly argue against the concept that B220+ NK cells are activated NK cells. Moreover, we unequivocally show that B220+ NK cells are highly proliferative and differentiate into mature NK cells after in vivo adoptive transfer. Additional phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional characterizations further define B220+ NK cells as immediate precursors to mature NK cells. The characterization of these novel attributes to B220+ NK cells will guide the identification of their ortholog in humans, contributing to the design of potent cancer immunotherapies.
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Inngjerdingen M, Kveberg L, Vaage JT. A Novel NKR-P1Bbright NK Cell Subset Expresses an Activated CD25+CX3CR1+CD62L−CD11b−CD27− Phenotype and Is Prevalent in Blood, Liver, and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Organs of Rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2499-508. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Inngjerdingen M, Kveberg L, Naper C, Vaage JT. Natural killer cell subsets in man and rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 78:81-8. [PMID: 21726202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important contributors to the early immune defence against infected or transformed cells. They are rapidly activated in response to cytokines, whereby they exert their effector functions. NK cell responses are controlled by a multitude of receptors, which are expressed by subpopulations of NK cells with distinct phenotypes and functionalities. Direct comparisons between species are often difficult because of differences in the expression of NK cell receptors and other markers. In addition, NK cells change their phenotype and effector functions during differentiation, by tissue-specific factors, or upon activation, complicating interpretations. We will here review the similarities and differences between the major NK cell subsets in man and two well-characterized rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inngjerdingen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Hayakawa Y, Sato-Matsushita M, Takeda K, Iwakura Y, Tahara H, Irimura T. Early activation and interferon-γ production of tumor-infiltrating mature CD27 high natural killer cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1967-71. [PMID: 21781225 PMCID: PMC11158882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known to be critically involved in the control of tumors through their direct cytotoxic function, but have also been proposed as an initial source of interferon (IFN)-γ that primes subsequent adaptive tumor-specific immune responses. Although mounting evidence supports the importance of NK cells in antitumor immune responses, the immunological characteristics of NK cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms that regulate this process remain unclear. In the present study, we found that NK cells infiltrate early developing MCA205 tumors, and further showed that mature CD27(high) NK cells were the predominant subpopulation of NK cells accumulating in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor-infiltrating NK cells displayed an activated cell surface phenotype and provided an early source of IFN-γ. Importantly, we also found that host IFN-γ was critical for NK cell infiltration into the local tumor site and that the tumor-infiltrating NK cells mainly suppressed tumor growth via the IFN-γ pathway. This work implicates the importance of IFN-γ as a positive regulatory factor for NK cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment and an effective antitumor immune effector response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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