1
|
Lu ZF, Hsu CY, Younis NK, Mustafa MA, Matveeva EA, Al-Juboory YHO, Adil M, Athab ZH, Abdulraheem MN. Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential. APMIS 2024; 132:382-415. [PMID: 38469726 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and RA pathogenesis, underscoring the role of microbiota-derived metabolites as pivotal contributors to disease development and progression. The human gut microbiota, comprising a vast array of microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of this microbial community has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including RA. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can either exacerbate or ameliorate inflammation in RA. Mechanistically, these metabolites influence immune cell differentiation, cytokine production, and gut barrier integrity, collectively shaping the autoimmune milieu. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the intricate crosstalk between microbiota metabolites and RA pathogenesis and also discusses the potential of specific metabolites to trigger or suppress autoimmunity, shedding light on their molecular interactions with immune cells and signaling pathways. Additionally, this review explores the translational aspects of microbiota metabolites as diagnostic and prognostic tools in RA. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of translating these findings into clinical practice are critically examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Lu
- Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Elena A Matveeva
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mohaned Adil
- Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Yang R. Gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy against tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216582. [PMID: 38065401 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance by expressing immune checkpoint molecule ligands, resulting in effective immune cell inactivation. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have dramatically improved survival of patients with multiple types of cancers. However, responses to ICB immunotherapy are heterogeneous with lower patient response rates. The advances have established that the gut microbiota can be as a promising target to overcome resistance to ICB immunotherapy. Furthermore, some bacterial species have shown to promote improved responses to ICBs. However, gut microbiota is critical in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. It not only promotes differentiation and function of immunosuppressive immune cells but also inhibits inflammatory cells via gut microbiota derived products such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, which play an important role in tumor immunity. Since the gut microbiota can either inhibit or enhance immune against tumor, it should be a double-edged sword in ICBs against tumor. In this review, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota on immune cells and also tumor cells, especially enhances of gut microbiota on ICB immunotherapy. These discussions can hopefully promote the development of ICB immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sandoval S, Malany K, Thongphanh K, Martinez CA, Goodson ML, Souza FDC, Lin LW, Sweeney N, Pennington J, Lein PJ, Kerkvliet NI, Ehrlich AK. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits neuropilin-1 upregulation on IL-2-responding CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193535. [PMID: 38035105 PMCID: PMC10682649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), a transmembrane protein expressed on CD4+ T cells, is mostly studied in the context of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. More recently, there is increasing evidence that Nrp1 is also highly expressed on activated effector T cells and that increases in these Nrp1-expressing CD4+ T cells correspond with immunopathology across several T cell-dependent disease models. Thus, Nrp1 may be implicated in the identification and function of immunopathologic T cells. Nrp1 downregulation in CD4+ T cells is one of the strongest transcriptional changes in response to immunoregulatory compounds that act though the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. To better understand the link between AhR and Nrp1 expression on CD4+ T cells, Nrp1 expression was assessed in vivo and in vitro following AhR ligand treatment. In the current study, we identified that the percentage of Nrp1 expressing CD4+ T cells increases over the course of activation and proliferation in vivo. The actively dividing Nrp1+Foxp3- cells express the classic effector phenotype of CD44hiCD45RBlo, and the increase in Nrp1+Foxp3- cells is prevented by AhR activation. In contrast, Nrp1 expression is not modulated by AhR activation in non-proliferating CD4+ T cells. The downregulation of Nrp1 on CD4+ T cells was recapitulated in vitro in cells isolated from C57BL/6 and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. CD4+Foxp3- cells expressing CD25, stimulated with IL-2, or differentiated into Th1 cells, were particularly sensitive to AhR-mediated inhibition of Nrp1 upregulation. IL-2 was necessary for AhR-dependent downregulation of Nrp1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the data demonstrate that Nrp1 is a CD4+ T cell activation marker and that regulation of Nrp1 could be a previously undescribed mechanism by which AhR ligands modulate effector CD4+ T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sandoval
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keegan Malany
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Krista Thongphanh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Clarisa A. Martinez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Felipe Da Costa Souza
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lo-Wei Lin
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicolle Sweeney
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy I. Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Allison K. Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sandoval S, Malany K, Thongphanh K, Martinez CA, Goodson ML, Souza FDC, Lin LW, Pennington J, Lein PJ, Kerkvliet NI, Ehrlich AK. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits neuropilin-1 upregulation on IL-2 responding CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559429. [PMID: 37808764 PMCID: PMC10557576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), a transmembrane protein expressed on CD4 + T cells, is mostly studied in the context of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. More recently, there is increasing evidence that Nrp1 is also highly expressed on activated effector T cells and that increases in these Nrp1-expressing CD4 + T cells correspond with immunopathology across several T cell-dependent disease models. Thus, Nrp1 may be implicated in the identification and function of immunopathologic T cells. Nrp1 downregulation in CD4 + T cells is one of the strongest transcriptional changes in response to immunoregulatory compounds that act though the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. To better understand the link between AhR and Nrp1 expression on CD4 + T cells, Nrp1 expression was assessed in vivo and in vitro following AhR ligand treatment. In the current study, we identified that the percentage of Nrp1 expressing CD4 + T cells increases over the course of activation and proliferation in vivo . The actively dividing Nrp1 + Foxp3 - cells express the classic effector phenotype of CD44 hi CD45RB lo , and the increase in Nrp1 + Foxp3 - cells is prevented by AhR activation. In contrast, Nrp1 expression is not modulated by AhR activation in non-proliferating CD4 + T cells. The downregulation of Nrp1 on CD4 + T cells was recapitulated in vitro in cells isolated from C57BL/6 and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. CD4 + Foxp3 - cells expressing CD25, stimulated with IL-2, or differentiated into Th1 cells, were particularly sensitive to AhR-mediated inhibition of Nrp1 upregulation. IL-2 was necessary for AhR-dependent downregulation of Nrp1 expression both in vitro and in vivo . Collectively, the data demonstrate that Nrp1 is a CD4 + T cell activation marker and that regulation of Nrp1 could be a previously undescribed mechanism by which AhR ligands modulate effector CD4 + T cell responses.
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S. Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209613. [PMID: 37521424 PMCID: PMC10382180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also the Serotonin pathway), and the Microbial pathway. Of these, the Microbial Trp metabolic pathways in the gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial Trp metabolites can influence the development and progression of various diseases, including inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, by mediating the body's immunity. This review briefly outlines the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and Trp metabolism in the body, starting from the three metabolic pathways of Trp. The mechanisms by which microbial Trp metabolites act on organism immunity are summarized, and the potential implications for disease prevention and treatment are highlighted.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hanieh H, Bani Ismail M, Alfwuaires MA, Ibrahim HIM, Farhan M. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as an Anticancer Target: An Overview of Ten Years Odyssey. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103978. [PMID: 37241719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/per-Arnt-sim (PAS) superfamily, is traditionally known to mediate xenobiotic metabolism. It is activated by structurally diverse agonistic ligands and regulates complicated transcriptional processes through its canonical and non-canonical pathways in normal and malignant cells. Different classes of AhR ligands have been evaluated as anticancer agents in different cancer cells and exhibit efficiency, which has thrust AhR into the limelight as a promising molecular target. There is strong evidence demonstrating the anticancer potential of exogenous AhR agonists including synthetic, pharmaceutical, and natural compounds. In contrast, several reports have indicated inhibition of AhR activity by antagonistic ligands as a potential therapeutic strategy. Interestingly, similar AhR ligands exert variable anticancer or cancer-promoting potential in a cell- and tissue-specific mode of action. Recently, ligand-mediated modulation of AhR signaling pathways and the associated tumor microenvironment is emerging as a potential approach for developing cancer immunotherapeutic drugs. This article reviews advances of AhR in cancer research covering publication from 2012 to early 2023. It summarizes the therapeutic potential of various AhR ligands with an emphasis on exogenous ligands. It also sheds light on recent immunotherapeutic strategies involving AhR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hanieh
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
- International Medical Research Center (iMReC), Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Bani Ismail
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hairul-Islam M Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Farhan
- International Medical Research Center (iMReC), Aqaba 77110, Jordan
- Department of Drug Development, UniTechPharma, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeon C, Jang Y, Lee SH, Weon S, Park H, Lee S, Oh Y, Choi SH, Wang SE, Kim TH, Sung IH, Jo S. Abnormal kynurenine level contributes to the pathological bone features of ankylosing spondylitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110132. [PMID: 37023698 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) exhibits paradoxical bone features typically characterized by new bone formation and systemic bone loss. Although abnormal kynurenine (Kyn), a tryptophan metabolite, has been closely linked to the disease activity of AS, the distinct role of its pathological bone features remains unknown. METHODS Kynurenine sera level was collected from healthy control (HC; n = 22) and AS (n = 87) patients and measured by ELISA. In the AS group, we analyzed and compared the Kyn level based on the modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score (mSASSS), MMP13, and OCN. Under osteoblast differentiation, the treatment with Kyn in AS-osteoprogenitors conducted cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone mineralization-related alizarin red s (ARS), von kossa (VON), hydroxyapatite (HA) staining, and mRNA expression markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and OPG) for bone formation. TRAP and F-actin staining was used for osteoclast formation of mouse osteoclast precursors. RESULTS Kyn sera level was significantly elevated in the AS group compared to the HC. In addition, Kyn sera level was correlated with mSASSS (r = 0.03888, p = 0.067), MMP13 (r = 0.0327, p = 0.093), and OCN (r = 0.0436, p = 0.052). During osteoblast differentiation, treatment with Kyn exhibited no difference in cell proliferation and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity for bone matrix maturation but promoted ARS, VON, and HA staining for bone mineralization. Interestingly, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and OCN expressions of AS-osteoprogenitors were augmented in the Kyn treatment during differentiation. In growth medium, Kyn treatment of AS-osteoprogenitors resulted in induction of OPG mRNA, protein expression, and Kyn-response genes (AhRR, CYP1b1, and TIPARP). Secreted OPG proteins were observed in the supernatant of AS-osteoprogenitors treated with Kyn. Notably, the supernatant of Kyn-treated AS-osteoprogenitors interrupted the RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis of mouse osteoclast precursor such as TRAP-positive osteoclast formation, NFATc1 expression, and osteoclast differentiation markers. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that elevated Kyn level increased the bone mineralization of osteoblast differentiation in AS and decreased RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by inducing OPG expression. Out study have implication for potential coupling factors linking osteoclast and osteoblast where abnormal Kyn level could be involved in pathological bone features of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Jeon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurin Jang
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Suein Lee
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Younseo Oh
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioresearch, Huonslab, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoon Sung
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050793. [PMID: 36899929 PMCID: PMC10000530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. Alterations of the gut microbiota have been found in many immune-related diseases. The metabolites generated by specific microorganisms in the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, not only affect genetic and epigenetic regulation but also impact metabolism in the immune cells, including immunosuppressive and inflammatory cells. The immunosuppressive cells (such as tolerogenic macrophages (tMacs), tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Breg) and innate lymphocytes (ILCs)) and inflammatory cells (such as inflammatory Macs (iMacs), DCs, CD4 T helper (Th)1, CD4Th2, Th17, natural killer (NK) T cells, NK cells and neutrophils) can express different receptors for SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites from different microorganisms. Activation of these receptors not only promotes the differentiation and function of immunosuppressive cells but also inhibits inflammatory cells, causing the reprogramming of the local and systemic immune system to maintain the homeostasis of the individuals. We here will summarize the recent advances in understanding the metabolism of SCFAs, Trp and BA in the gut microbiota and the effects of SCFAs, Trp and BA metabolites on gut and systemic immune homeostasis, especially on the differentiation and functions of the immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sondermann NC, Faßbender S, Hartung F, Hätälä AM, Rolfes KM, Vogel CFA, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) beyond the canonical AHR/ARNT signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115371. [PMID: 36528068 PMCID: PMC9884176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor regulating adaptive and maladaptive responses toward exogenous and endogenous signals. Research from various biomedical disciplines has provided compelling evidence that the AHR is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases and disorders, including autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases, endocrine disruption, premature aging and cancer. Accordingly, AHR is considered an attractive target for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic measures. However, the ligand-based targeting of AHR is considerably complicated by the fact that the receptor does not always follow the beaten track, i.e. the canonical AHR/ARNT signaling pathway. Instead, AHR might team up with other transcription factors and signaling molecules to shape gene expression patterns and associated physiological or pathophysiological functions in a ligand-, cell- and micromilieu-dependent manner. Herein, we provide an overview about some of the most important non-canonical functions of AHR, including crosstalk with major signaling pathways involved in controlling cell fate and function, immune responses, adaptation to low oxygen levels and oxidative stress, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Further research on these diverse and exciting yet often ambivalent facets of AHR biology is urgently needed in order to exploit the full potential of AHR modulation for disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Sondermann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Faßbender
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederick Hartung
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna M Hätälä
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rolfes
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Critical Role of Acyl Hydrocarbon Receptor on the Combined Benefits of Postbiotic Propionate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity in Salmonella Colitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010195. [PMID: 36672703 PMCID: PMC9855671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study observed the combined beneficial effects of postbiotic butyrate on active vitamin D3-orchestrated innate immunity to Salmonella Colitis. There is increasing interest in the role of acyl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on colitis and innate immunity. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of AhR in the effects. Salmonella colitis model is conducted with 6-8 w/o male C57BL/6 mice: Streptomycin (20 mg/mouse p.o.)-pretreated C57BL/6 mice were mock infected with sterile PBS or infected orally with 1 × 108 CFU of an S. typhimurium wild-type strain SL1344 for 48 h. Before and after the colitis induction, mice were oral gavage with active vitamin D3 0.2 μg/25 g mice (VD3) and/or postbiotics propionate (PP), in the absence of the presence of intraperitoneal injection of AhR inhibitor for 4 and 7 days, respectively. We observed AhR inhibitor counteracted the synergistic effects of PP and VD3 on reducing the severity of Salmonella colitis and body weight loss in C57BL/6 mice, reducing the cecal inflammatory but enhancing antimicrobial peptide mRNAs expression, and reducing the bacterial translocation in liver/spleen, compared to single treatment. It suggests the involvement of AhR on the synergistic effects of postbiotics PP and VD3 on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory responses in Salmonella colitis and the potential biological treatment of Salmonella colitis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang FC, Huang SC. The Pivotal Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Regulated Tight Junction Proteins and Innate Immunity on the Synergistic Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate and Active Vitamin D3 to Defense against Microbial Invasion in Salmonella Colitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020305. [PMID: 36678175 PMCID: PMC9860786 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent report illustrated the unitedly advantageous effects of postbiotic butyrate on active vitamin D3 (VD3)-orchestrated innate immunity in Salmonella colitis. There is growing awareness that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can regulate intestinal immunity and barrier function, through modulating cecal inflammation and junction proteins expression. Hence, we researched the participation of AhR-regulated tight junction functions on the united effects of butyrate and VD3 on intestinal defense to Salmonella infection. Salmonella colitis model were elicited by oral gavage with 1 × 108 CFU of a S. typhimurium wild-type strain SL1344 in C57BL/6 mice. Before and after the colitis generation, mice were fed with butyrate and/or VD3 by oral gavage in the absence or presence of intraperitoneal injection of AhR inhibitor for 4 and 7 days, respectively. We observed that butyrate and VD3 could concert together to reduce the invasion of Salmonella in colitis mice by enhancing cecal cytokines and antimicrobial peptides expression and reducing zonulin and claudin-2 protein expressions in mucosal stain, compared to single treatment, which were counteracted by AhR inhibitor. It implies that AhR is involved in the united effects of butyrate and VD3 on the intestinal defense to Salmonella infection in colitis mice. This study discloses the promising alternative therapy of combining postbiotic and VD3 for invasive Salmonellosis and the pivotal role of AhR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8724)
| | - Shun-Chen Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tryptamine, a Microbial Metabolite in Fermented Rice Bran Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Murine Macrophage Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911209. [PMID: 36232510 PMCID: PMC9570467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is thought to alter the composition and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in rice bran. However, how this process affects the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran and the bioactive compounds that might participate in this function is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds in fermented rice bran that play a key role in its anti-inflammatory function. The fermented rice bran was fractionated using a succession of solvent and solid-phase extractions. The fermented rice bran fractions were then applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. The hot water fractions (FRBA), 50% ethanol fractions (FRBB), and n-hexane fractions (FRBC) were all shown to be able to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequent fractions from the hot water fraction (FRBF and FRBE) were also able to reduce the inflammatory response of these cells to LPS. Further investigation revealed that tryptamine, a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, was abundantly present in these extracts. These results indicate that tryptamine may play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented rice bran. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of FRBE and tryptamine may depend on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng C, Cheng TT, Ma X, Liu Y, Hua J, Chen X, Wang SY, Xu YJ. The absence of AhR in CD4 + T cells in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease may be related to insufficient CTCF expression. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:109. [PMID: 36056390 PMCID: PMC9440523 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Accumulating evidence suggests that imbalanced Treg/Th17 ratio accelerates the progression of aGVHD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor activated through cognate ligand binding. Current evidence supports that AhR plays a critical regulatory role in the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells. However, the relationship between AhR and aGVHD remains unclear. RESULTS Our results showed that AhR expression was downregulated significantly in CD4+ T cells from patients with aGVHD compared with the non-aGVHD group. We also discovered that after activating AhR deficient CD4+ T cells, the expression levels of the activation markers-CD40L, CD134 and CD137 and cell proliferation activity were significantly higher than those of AhR-expressing CD4+ T cells. Restoring the expression of AhR in aGVHD CD4+ T cells resulted in significantly increased percentage of Tregs and associated gene transcripts, including Foxp3, IL-10 and CD39. In contrast, Th17 cell amounts and the transcription of related genes, including RORγt, IL-17A and IL-17F, were significantly reduced. We confirmed that CTCF recruited EP300 and TET2 to bind to the AhR promoter region and promoted AhR expression by mediating histone H3K9/K14 hyperacetylation and DNA demethylation in this region. The low expression of CTCF caused histone hypoacetylation and DNA hypermethylation of the AhR promoter, resulting in insufficient expression in aGVHD CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS CTCF is an important inducer of AhR transcription. Insufficient expression of CTCF leads to excessive AhR downregulation, resulting in substantial CD4+ T cell activation and Th17/Treg ratio increase, thereby mediating the occurrence of aGVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Hua
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Hematology Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152296. [PMID: 35892593 PMCID: PMC9330295 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such as indole-3-lactate (ILA), indole-3-acrylate (IAC), indole-3-propionate (IPA), indole-3-aldehyde (IAID), indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetaldehyde and Kyn can be produced by intestinal microorganisms through direct Trp transformation and also, partly, the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. These metabolites play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the gut and systematic immunity and also potentially affect the occurrence and development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, tumors, obesity and metabolic syndrome, diseases in the nervous system, infectious diseases, vascular inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and hepatic fibrosis. They can not only promote the differentiation and function of anti-inflammatory macrophages, Treg cells, CD4+CD8αα+ regulatory cells, IL-10+ and/or IL-35+B regulatory cells but also IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3), which are involved in maintaining the gut mucosal homeostasis. These findings have important consequences in the immunotherapy against tumor and other immune-associated diseases. We will summarize here the recent advances in understanding the generation and regulation of tryptophan metabolites in the gut microbiota, the role of gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in different immune cells, the occurrence and development of diseases and immunotherapy against immune-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.S.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chlorpromazine, a Clinically Approved Drug, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid-Mediated Induction of IL-6 in Human Monocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123651. [PMID: 35744777 PMCID: PMC9228867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus, led to the unprecedented mobilization of scientists, resulting in the rapid development of vaccines and potential pharmaceuticals. Although COVID-19 symptoms are moderately severe in most people, in some cases the disease can result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure as well as can be fatal. The severe course of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory state called a cytokine storm. One of the key cytokines creating a proinflammatory environment is IL-6, which is secreted mainly by monocytes and macrophages. Therefore, this cytokine has become a target for some therapies that inhibit its biological action; however, these therapies are expensive, and their availability is limited in poorer countries. Thus, new cheaper drugs that can overcome the severe infections of COVID-19 are needed. Here, we show that chlorpromazine inhibits the expression and secretion of IL-6 by monocytes activated by SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid protein and affects the activity of NF-κB and MEK/ERK signaling. Our results, including others, indicate that chlorpromazine, which has been used for several decades as a neuroleptic, exerts antiviral and immunomodulatory activity, is safe and inexpensive, and might be a desirable drug to support the therapy of patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
|
16
|
A Mechanistic Insight into the Pathogenic Role of Interleukin 17A in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6600264. [PMID: 35620115 PMCID: PMC9129985 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) has been put forward as a strong ally in our fight against invading pathogens across exposed epithelial surfaces by serving an antimicrobial immunosurveillance role in these tissues to protect the barrier integrity. Amongst other mechanisms that prevent tissue injury mediated by potential microbial threats and promote restoration of epithelial homeostasis, IL-17A attracts effector cells to the site of inflammation and support the host response by driving the development of ectopic lymphoid structures. Accumulating evidence now underscores an integral role of IL-17A in driving the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations in three potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. Available studies provide convincing evidence that the abundance of IL-17A in target tissues and its prime source, which is T helper 17 cells (Th17) and double negative T cells (DNT), is not an innocent bystander but in fact seems to be prerequisite for organ pathology. In this regard, IL-17A has been directly implicated in critical steps of autoimmunity. This review reports on the synergistic interactions of IL-17A with other critical determinants such as B cells, neutrophils, stromal cells, and the vasculature that promote the characteristic immunopathology of these autoimmune diseases. The summary of observations provided by this review may have empowering implications for IL-17A-based strategies to prevent clinical manifestations in a broad spectrum of autoimmune conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nyati KK, Kishimoto T. Recent Advances in the Role of Arid5a in Immune Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:827611. [PMID: 35126382 PMCID: PMC8809363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 5a (Arid5a) is a nucleic acid binding protein. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the association of Arid5a with inflammation and human diseases. Arid5a is known as a protein that performs dual functions. In in vitro and in vivo studies, it was found that an inflammation-dependent increase in Arid5a expression mediates both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory effects that are implicated in immune regulation and cellular homeostasis. A series of publications demonstrated that inhibiting Arid5a augmented several processes, such as preventing septic shock, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, acute lung injury, invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the M1-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) to M2-like TAM transition. In addition, Arid5a controls adipogenesis and obesity in mice to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, recent progress indicates that Arid5a exhibits multifaceted, both beneficial and detrimental, roles in health and disease and suggest the relevance of Arid5a as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nyati KK, Kishimoto T. The emerging role of Arid5a in cancer: A new target for tumors. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
19
|
Xu X, Sun S, Liang L, Lou C, He Q, Ran M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yan C, Yuan H, Zhou L, Chen X, Dai X, Wang B, Zhang J, Zhao J. Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Sulforaphane Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:756565. [PMID: 34722615 PMCID: PMC8548612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.756565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Gut microbiome-derived metabolites are the major mediators of diet-induced host-microbial interactions. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a crucial role in glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and AHR in sulforaphane (SFN) alleviates hepatic steatosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods and Results: The HFD-fed male C57BL/6 mice were intervened with SFN for 6 weeks. HFD-mice showed classical pathophysiological characteristics of hepatic steatosis. The results showed that SFN significantly reduced body weight, liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. SFN reduced hepatic lipogenesis by activating AHR/SREBP-1C pathway, which was confirmed in HepG2 cell experiments. Moreover, SFN increased hepatic antioxidant activity by modulating Nrf-2/NQO1 expression. SFN increased serum and liver IAA level in HFD mice. Notably, SFN manipulated the gut microbiota, resulting in reducing Deferribacteres and proportions of the phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of specific bacteria that produce IAA. Furthermore, SFN upregulated Ahr expression and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 cells. Conclusions: SFN ameliorated hepatic steatosis not only by modulating lipid metabolism via AHR/SREBP-1C pathway but regulating IAA and gut microbiota in HFD-induced NAFLD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Lou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qijin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maojuan Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeng X, Xia S, Yan X, Hu C, An K, Luo L. High expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the formation of fibrous epulis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2258-2266. [PMID: 34139032 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epulis is considered to be a massive reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasia. AhR is thought to be associated with inflammation and development of neoplasms. Here, we aimed to observe the expression of AhR in fibrous epulis and explore its role and possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epulis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epulis and normal gingival tissues were collected, and AhR expression was detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) transfected with AhR short interfering RNA (siRNA) or negative control siRNA, upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), were then examined. Finally, the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in the epulis tissues were observed by qPCR. RESULTS AhR expression in fibrous epulis was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in hPDLCs transfected with AhR siRNA was significantly decreased when stimulated with Pg-LPS. The same trends were observed for hGFs. The opposite trend was detected in the epulis tissues. CONCLUSION AhR may be a key factor in fibrous epulis pathogenesis that acts by regulating the expression of BCL2 family genes and inflammatory factor-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangzhen Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjiao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangkang An
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Udompornpitak K, Bhunyakarnjanarat T, Charoensappakit A, Dang CP, Saisorn W, Leelahavanichkul A. Lipopolysaccharide-Enhanced Responses against Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in FcgRIIb-Deficient Macrophages, a Profound Impact of an Environmental Toxin on a Lupus-Like Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084199. [PMID: 33919603 PMCID: PMC8073880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb) is the only inhibitory-FcgR in the FcgR family, and FcgRIIb-deficient (FcgRIIb−/−) mice develop a lupus-like condition with hyper-responsiveness against several stimulations. The activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a cellular environmental sensor, might aggravate activity of the lupus-like condition. As such, 1,4-chrysenequinone (1,4-CQ), an Ahr-activator, alone did not induce supernatant cytokines from macrophages, while the 24 h pre-treatment by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative inflammatory activator, prior to 1,4-CQ activation (LPS/1,4-CQ) predominantly induced macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Additionally, the responses from FcgRIIb−/− macrophages were more prominent than wild-type (WT) cells as determined by (i) supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), (ii) expression of the inflammation associated genes (NF-κB, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, iNOS, IL-1β and activating-FcgRIV) and cell-surface CD-86 (a biomarker of M1 macrophage polarization), and (iii) cell apoptosis (Annexin V), with the lower inhibitory-FcgRIIb expression. Moreover, 8-week-administration of 1,4-CQ in 8 week old FcgRIIb−/− mice, a genetic-prone lupus-like model, enhanced lupus characteristics as indicated by anti-dsDNA, serum creatinine, proteinuria, endotoxemia, gut-leakage (FITC-dextran), and glomerular immunoglobulin deposition. In conclusion, an Ahr activation worsened the disease severity in FcgRIIb−/− mice possibly through the enhanced inflammatory responses. The deficiency of inhibitory-FcgRIIb in these mice, at least in part, prominently enhanced the pro-inflammatory responses. Our data suggest that patients with lupus might be more vulnerable to environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Awirut Charoensappakit
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.B.); (A.C.); (C.P.D.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-256-4251; Fax: +66-2-252-6920
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Landscape of AhR Regulators and Coregulators to Fine-Tune AhR Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020757. [PMID: 33451129 PMCID: PMC7828596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates numerous cellular responses. Originally investigated in toxicology because of its ability to bind environmental contaminants, AhR has attracted enormous attention in the field of immunology in the last 20 years. In addition, the discovery of endogenous and plant-derived ligands points to AhR also having a crucial role in normal cell physiology. Thus, AhR is emerging as a promiscuous receptor that can mediate either toxic or physiologic effects upon sensing multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules. Within this scenario, several factors appear to contribute to the outcome of gene transcriptional regulation by AhR, including the nature of the ligand as such and its further metabolism by AhR-induced enzymes, the local tissue microenvironment, and the presence of coregulators or specific transcription factors in the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge on the array of transcription factors and coregulators that, by interacting with AhR, tune its transcriptional activity in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands.
Collapse
|
23
|
Differential modulation of Ahr and Arid5a: A promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 28:1605-1615. [PMID: 33424253 PMCID: PMC7783111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that involves demyelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and affects patients worldwide. It has been demonstrated that ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, by increasing CD4+FoxP3+ T cells. Recent evidence indicates that AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a) is required for EAE pathogenesis by stabilizing Il6 and OX40 mRNAs. However, the differential modulation of Ahr and Arid5a in autoimmunity as a therapeutic strategy is unexplored. Herein, an in silico, in vitro and in vivo approach identified Flavipin (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylphthalaldehyde) as an Ahr agonist that induces the expression of Ahr downstream genes in mouse CD4+ T cells and CD11b+ macrophages. Interestingly, Flavipin inhibited the stabilizing function of Arid5a and its counteracting effects on Regnase-1 on the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs. Furthermore, it inhibited the stabilizing function of Arid5a on Il23a 3′UTR, a newly identified target mRNA. In EAE, Flavipin ameliorated disease severity, with reduced CD4+IL-17+ T cells, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased CD4+FoxP3+ T cells. Moreover, EAE amelioration was concomitant with reduced CD4+OX40+ and CD4+CD45+ T cells in the CNS. RNA interference showed that the modulatory effects of Flavipin on pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in CD4+ T cells and macrophages were Ahr- and/or Arid5a-dependent. In conclusion, our findings reveal differential modulation of Ahr and Arid5a as a new therapeutic strategy for MS.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3′UTR, 3′ untranslated region
- ActinD, actinomycin D
- Ahr
- Ahr, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- Arid5a
- Arid5a, AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a
- Arnt, Ahr nuclear translocator
- Autoimmunity
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- CNS, central nervous system
- EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Inflammation
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MOG35-55, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- PAS-A and PAS-B, Per-Arnt-Sim domain
- RBP, RNA-binding protein
- RIP, RNA immunoprecipitation
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
- Therapeutic
- miR, microRNA
Collapse
|
24
|
Nyati KK, Zaman MMU, Sharma P, Kishimoto T. Arid5a, an RNA-Binding Protein in Immune Regulation: RNA Stability, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:255-268. [PMID: 32035762 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 5A (ARID5A/Arid5a) is a known cofactor of transcription factors (TFs) that contributes to cell growth and differentiation. It has recently been recognized for its unique function in the stabilization of mRNA, which is associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Studies have revolutionized our understanding of the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes by revealing the fundamental events underpinning novel functions and activities of Arid5a. We review current research on Arid5a, which has focused our attention towards the therapeutic potential of this factor in the putative treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and sepsis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Kumar Nyati
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565 0871, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India.
| | - Mohammad Mahabub-Uz Zaman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565 0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grunewald ME, Shaban MG, Mackin SR, Fehr AR, Perlman S. Murine Coronavirus Infection Activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Independent Manner, Contributing to Cytokine Modulation and Proviral TCDD-Inducible-PARP Expression. J Virol 2020; 94:e01743-19. [PMID: 31694960 PMCID: PMC7000979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01743-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor/transcription factor that modulates several cellular and immunological processes following activation by pathogen-associated stimuli, though its role during virus infection is largely unknown. Here, we show that AhR is activated in cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus (CoV), and contributes to the upregulation of downstream effector TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP) during infection. Knockdown of TiPARP reduced viral replication and increased interferon expression, suggesting that TiPARP functions in a proviral manner during MHV infection. We also show that MHV replication induced the expression of other genes known to be downstream of AhR in macrophages and dendritic cells and in livers of infected mice. Further, we found that chemically inhibiting or activating AhR reciprocally modulated the expression levels of cytokines induced by infection, specifically, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), consistent with a role for AhR activation in the host response to MHV infection. Furthermore, while indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) drives AhR activation in other settings, MHV infection induced equal expression of downstream genes in wild-type (WT) and IDO1-/- macrophages, suggesting an alternative pathway of AhR activation. In summary, we show that coronaviruses elicit AhR activation by an IDO1-independent pathway, contributing to upregulation of downstream effectors, including the proviral factor TiPARP, and to modulation of cytokine gene expression, and we identify a previously unappreciated role for AhR signaling in CoV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses are a family of positive-sense RNA viruses with human and agricultural significance. Characterizing the mechanisms by which coronavirus infection dictates pathogenesis or counters the host immune response would provide targets for the development of therapeutics. Here, we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated in cells infected with a prototypic coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), resulting in the expression of several effector genes. AhR is important for modulation of the host immune response to MHV and plays a role in the expression of TiPARP, which we show is required for maximal viral replication. Taken together, our findings highlight a previously unidentified role for AhR in regulating coronavirus replication and the immune response to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Grunewald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohamed G Shaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Samantha R Mackin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nyati KK, Agarwal RG, Sharma P, Kishimoto T. Arid5a Regulation and the Roles of Arid5a in the Inflammatory Response and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2790. [PMID: 31867000 PMCID: PMC6906145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression patterns underlie many diseases that represent major public health concerns and robust therapeutic challenges. Posttranscriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is well-recognized, and the biological functions of RBPs have been implicated in many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. However, a complete understanding of the regulation mediated by several RBPs is lacking. During the past few years, a novel role of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a (Arid5a) as an RBP is being investigated in the field of immunology owing to binding of Arid5a protein to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Il-6 mRNA. Indeed, Arid5a is a dynamic molecule because upon inflammation, it translocates to the cytoplasm and stabilizes a variety of inflammatory mRNA transcripts, including Il-6, Stat3, Ox40, T-bet, and IL-17-induced targets, and contributes to the inflammatory response and a variety of diseases. TLR4-activated NF-κB and MAPK pathways are involved in regulating Arid5a expression from synthesis to degradation, and even a slight alteration in these pathways can lead to intense production of inflammatory molecules, such as IL-6, which may further contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This review highlights the regulation of the Arid5a expression and function. Additionally, recent findings on Arid5a are discussed to further our understanding of this molecule, which may be a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Kumar Nyati
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Role of Resveratrol on Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Endothelial Hyperpermeability via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR)/Src-Dependent Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5847040. [PMID: 31885805 PMCID: PMC6900952 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5847040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES), a dietary polyphenol compound, has been shown to possess health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiatherosclerosis properties. Tryptophan metabolite-derived indoxyl sulfate (IS) is identified as one of the uremic toxins and physiological endogenous ligand/activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), associated with atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Studies have shown that a high serum level of IS causes deleterious effects on health primarily by inducing oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. However, the precise mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism of IS effect on endothelial permeability and the role of RES on IS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability via the AHR/Src-dependent pathway. Bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) were cultured and incubated with IS in the presence or absence of RES, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability of cells were measured. Alongside, AHR, Src kinase, and Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VE-Cadherin) activation were examined. Our data showed that IS reduced TEER of cells resulting in increased permeability. VE-Cadherin, a vital regulator of endothelial permeability, was also significantly activated in response to IS, which appeared to be associated with changes of endothelial permeability and AHR/Src kinase. Interestingly, in this setting, RES reversed the effect of IS and inhibited the increased activation of Src induced by IS-activated AHR and modulated VE-Cadherin and permeability. CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR, significantly inhibits IS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Further analysis with treatment of PP2, an inhibitor of Src abolishing Src activation, suggests downstream factors. All our data indicated that IS upregulated the AHR/Src kinase pathway, and increased endothelial permeability and phosphorylation of VE-Cadherin may be represented and provide new strategies for addressing protective properties of RES against Src kinase involved in AHR-mediated endothelial hyperpermeability. The findings may be crucial for managing diseases in which endothelial permeability is compromised, and the dietary polyphenols are involved.
Collapse
|
28
|
Matoba H, Takamoto M, Fujii C, Kawakubo M, Kasuga E, Matsumura T, Natori T, Misawa K, Taniguchi S, Nakayama J. Cecal Tumorigenesis in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Deficient Mice Depends on Cecum-Specific Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Activation and Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:453-468. [PMID: 31734232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor known as a dioxin receptor. Recently, Ahr-/- mice were revealed to develop cecal tumors with inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. However, whether β-catenin degradation is AhR dependent remains unclear. To determine whether other signaling pathways function in Ahr-/- cecal tumorigenesis, we investigated histologic characteristics of the tumors and cytokine/chemokine production in tumors and Ahr-/- peritoneal macrophages. AhR expression was also assessed in human colorectal carcinomas. Of the 28 Ahr-/- mice, 10 developed cecal lesions by 50 weeks of age, an incidence significantly lower than previously reported. Cecal lesions of Ahr-/- mice developed from serrated hyperplasia to adenoma/dysplasia-like neoplasia with enhanced proliferation. Macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the lesions was also observed early in serrated hyperplasia, although adjacent mucosa was devoid of inflammation. Il1b, Il6, Ccl2, and Cxcl5 were up-regulated at lesion sites, whereas only IL-6 production increased in Ahr-/- peritoneal macrophages after lipopolysaccharide + ATP stimulation. Neither Myc (alias c-myc) up-regulation nor β-catenin nuclear translocation was observed, unlike previously reported. Interestingly, enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Src, and epidermal growth factor receptor and Amphiregulin up-regulation at Ahr-/- lesion sites were detected. In human serrated lesions, however, AhR expression in epithelial cells was up-regulated despite morphologic similarity to Ahr-/- cecal lesions. Our results suggest novel mechanisms underlying Ahr-/- cecal tumorigenesis, depending primarily on cecum-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Pathology, Ina Central Hospital, Ina, Japan
| | - Masaya Takamoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defense and Pathobiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Masatomo Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Kasuga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Natori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ken Misawa
- Department of Pathology, Ina Central Hospital, Ina, Japan
| | - Shun'ichiro Taniguchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Takai J, Ohtsu H, Sato A, Uemura S, Fujimura T, Yamamoto M, Moriguchi T. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expansion of histidine decarboxylase-expressing Ly6G + myeloid cells identified by exploiting histidine decarboxylase BAC-GFP transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15603. [PMID: 31666556 PMCID: PMC6821885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that is chiefly produced in mast cells and basophils and elicits an allergic response upon stimulation. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of histamine. Therefore, the spatiotemporally specific Hdc gene expression profile could represent the localization of histamine-producing cells under various pathophysiological conditions. Although the bioactivity of histamine is well defined, the regulatory mechanism of Hdc gene expression and the distribution of histamine-producing cell populations in various disease contexts remains unexplored. To address these issues, we generated a histidine decarboxylase BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) DNA-directed GFP reporter transgenic mouse employing a 293-kb BAC clone containing the entire Hdc gene locus and extended flanking sequences (Hdc-GFP). We found that the GFP expression pattern in the Hdc-GFP mice faithfully recapitulated that of conventional histamine-producing cells and that the GFP expression level mirrored the increased Hdc expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lungs. Notably, a CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow myeloid cell population accumulated in the lung during sepsis, and most of these cells expressed high levels of GFP and indeed contain histamine. This study reveals the accumulation of a histamine-producing myeloid cell population during sepsis, which likely participates in the immune process of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sittipo P, Shim JW, Lee YK. Microbial Metabolites Determine Host Health and the Status of Some Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215296. [PMID: 31653062 PMCID: PMC6862038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex organ composed of the intestinal epithelium layer, intestinal microbiota, and local immune system. Intestinal microbiota residing in the GI tract engages in a mutualistic relationship with the host. Different sections of the GI tract contain distinct proportions of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in the presence of unique bacterial products in each GI section. The intestinal microbiota converts ingested nutrients into metabolites that target either the intestinal microbiota population or host cells. Metabolites act as messengers of information between the intestinal microbiota and host cells. The intestinal microbiota composition and resulting metabolites thus impact host development, health, and pathogenesis. Many recent studies have focused on modulation of the gut microbiota and their metabolites to improve host health and prevent or treat diseases. In this review, we focus on the production of microbial metabolites, their biological impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and host cells, and the effect of microbial metabolites that contribute to improvements in inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic diseases. Understanding the role of microbial metabolites in protection against disease might offer an intriguing approach to regulate disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park A, Yang Y, Lee Y, Kim MS, Park YJ, Jung H, Kim TD, Lee HG, Choi I, Yoon SR. Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Thyroid Cancer Cells Suppresses Natural Killer Cell Function by Inhibiting NKG2D and NKp46 Expression via STAT Signaling Pathways. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060842. [PMID: 31212870 PMCID: PMC6617210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the immune system. They use receptors on their cell surface to identify target cells. However, to escape being killed by the immune system, cancer cells such as thyroid cancer cells, use various methods to suppress the function of NK cells. Thus, this study aims to elucidate how thyroid cancer cells downregulate NK cell function in a co-culture system. We found that thyroid cancer cells suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and inhibit the expression of activating receptors, such as NKG2D and NKp46, by regulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Also, thyroid cancer cells produce kynurenine using IDO, which causes NK cell dysfunction. Kynurenine enters NK cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) on the surfaces of the NK cells, which decreases NK cell function and NK receptor expression via the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 pathways. In addition, STAT1 and STAT3 directly regulated the expression of NKG2D and NKp46 receptors by binding to the promoter region. Conclusively, NK cell function may be impaired in thyroid cancer patients by IDO-induced kynurenine production. This implies that IDO can be used as a target for thyroid cancer therapeutics aiming at improving NK cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arum Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Yunjeong Yang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gabriely G, Quintana FJ. Role of AHR in the control of GBM-associated myeloid cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:13-18. [PMID: 31128300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor; its malignancy has been associated with the activity of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. Myeloid cells play important roles in the tumor control by the immune response, but also in tumor progression. Indeed, GBM exploits multiple mechanisms to recruit and modulate myeloid cells. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor implicated in the regulation of myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the AHR role in the control of myeloid cells and its impact on GBM pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nakajima R, Miyagaki T, Morimura S, Fukasawa T, Oka T, Yoshizaki A, Sugaya M, Sato S. Exacerbated Immune Complex-Mediated Vascular Injury in Mice with Heterozygous Deficiency of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor through Upregulation of Fcγ Receptor III Expression on Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2195-2204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Zhu J, Luo L, Tian L, Yin S, Ma X, Cheng S, Tang W, Yu J, Ma W, Zhou X, Fan X, Yang X, Yan J, Xu X, Lv C, Liang H. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promotes IL-10 Expression in Inflammatory Macrophages Through Src-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2033. [PMID: 30283437 PMCID: PMC6156150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important immune regulator with a role in inflammatory response. However, the role of AhR in IL-10 production by inflammatory macrophages is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated LPS-induced IL-10 expression in macrophages from AhR-KO mice and AhR-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells. AhR was highly expressed after LPS stimulation through NF-κB pathway. Loss of AhR resulted in reduced IL-10 expression in LPS-induced macrophages. Moreover, the IL-10 expression was elevated in LPS-induced AhR-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells. Maximal IL-10 expression was dependent on an AhR non-genomic pathway closely related to Src and STAT3. Furthermore, AhR-associated Src activity was responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and IL-10 expression by inflammatory macrophages. Adoptive transfer of AhR-expressing macrophages protected mice against LPS-induced peritonitis associated with high IL-10 production. In conclusion, we identified the AhR-Src-STAT3-IL-10 signaling pathway as a critical pathway in the immune regulation of inflammatory macrophages, It suggests that AhR may be a potential therapeutic target in immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Emergency and Trauma College of Hainan Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaowen Cheng
- Trauma Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wanqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency and Trauma College of Hainan Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vandenbon A, Kumagai Y, Lin M, Suzuki Y, Nakai K. Waves of chromatin modifications in mouse dendritic cells in response to LPS stimulation. Genome Biol 2018; 19:138. [PMID: 30231913 PMCID: PMC6146659 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications in the control of gene expression is widely accepted. However, causal relationships between changes in TF binding, histone modifications, and gene expression during the response to extracellular stimuli are not well understood. Here, we analyze the ordering of these events on a genome-wide scale in dendritic cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. RESULTS Using a ChIP-seq time series dataset, we find that the LPS-induced accumulation of different histone modifications follows clearly distinct patterns. Increases in H3K4me3 appear to coincide with transcriptional activation. In contrast, H3K9K14ac accumulates early after stimulation, and H3K36me3 at later time points. Integrative analysis with TF binding data reveals potential links between TF activation and dynamics in histone modifications. Especially, LPS-induced increases in H3K9K14ac and H3K4me3 are associated with binding by STAT1/2 and were severely impaired in Stat1-/- cells. CONCLUSIONS While the timing of short-term changes of some histone modifications coincides with changes in transcriptional activity, this is not the case for others. In the latter case, dynamics in modifications more likely reflect strict regulation by stimulus-induced TFs and their interactions with chromatin modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Kumagai
- Quantitative Immunology Research Unit, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mengjie Lin
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis in silico, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rael LT, Bar-Or R, Banton KL, Mains CW, Roshon M, Tanner AH, Lieser MJ, Acuna DL, Bar-Or D. The anti-inflammatory effect of LMWF5A and N-acetyl kynurenine on macrophages: Involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mechanism of action. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 15:61-67. [PMID: 30073204 PMCID: PMC6068081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
After a traumatic insult, macrophages can become activated leading to general inflammation at the site of injury. Activated macrophages are partially regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which when activated suppresses inflammation by limiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the over expression of immuno-modulatory mediators. This study aims to determine whether the low molecular weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin (LMWF5A) and N-acetyl kynurenine (NAK), an N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT) breakdown product in LMWF5A, can regulate inflammation by inhibiting macrophage activation through the AhR since kynurenine is a known AhR agonist. Using LCMS, we demonstrate that NAT is non-enzymatically degraded during accelerated aging of LMWF5A with high heat accelerating degradation. More importantly, NAK is a major degradation product found in LMWF5A. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and pre-treated with 2-fold dilutions of LMWF5A or synthetic NAK with or without an AhR antagonist (CH223191) prior to overnight stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with LMWF5A caused a 50–70% decrease in IL-6 release throughout the dilution series. A dose-response inhibition of IL-6 release was observed for NAK with maximal inhibition (50%) seen at the highest NAK concentration. Finally, an AhR antagonist partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWF5A while completely blocking the effect of NAK. A similar inhibitory effect was observed for CXCL-10, but the AhR antagonist was not effective suggesting additional mechanisms for CXCL-10 release. These preliminary findings suggest that LMWF5A and NAK partially promote the suppression of activated macrophages via the AhR receptor. Therefore, LMWF5A, which contains NAK, is potentially a useful therapeutic in medical conditions where inflammation is prevalent such as trauma, sepsis, and wound healing. LMWF5A contains degradation products of N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT). A major degradation product of NAT in LMWF5A is N-acetyl kynurenine (NAK). LMWF5A and NAK decrease IL-6 and CXCL-10 release from activated macrophages. AhR is partially involved in the mechanism of action for LMWF5A and NAK. The anti-inflammatory properties of LMWF5A are also AhR-independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard T Rael
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.,St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.,Medical City Plano, Plano, TX 75075, USA.,Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.,Research Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA.,Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Englewood, CO 80112, USA.,Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lamas B, Natividad JM, Sokol H. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1024-1038. [PMID: 29626198 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-(bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, which are associated with cellular responses to environmental stimuli, such as xenobiotics and oxygen levels. Unlike other members of bHLH, AhR is the only bHLH transcription factor that is known to be ligand activated. Early AhR studies focused on understanding the role of AhR in mediating the toxicity and carcinogenesis properties of the prototypic ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In recent years, however, it has become apparent that, in addition to its toxicological involvement, AhR is highly receptive to a wide array of endogenous and exogenous ligands, and that its activation leads to a myriad of key host physiological functions. In this study, we review the current understanding of the functions of AhR in the mucosal immune system with a focus on its role in intestinal barrier function and intestinal immune cells, as well as in intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lamas
- Laboratoire de biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75005, France.,Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, 78350, France
| | - Jane M Natividad
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, 78350, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Laboratoire de biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75005, France. .,Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, 78350, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shen Y, Zhang ZH, Hu D, Ke X, Gu Z, Zou QY, Hu GH, Song SH, Kang HY, Hong SL. The airway inflammation induced by nasal inoculation of PM2.5 and the treatment of bacterial lysates in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9816. [PMID: 29959403 PMCID: PMC6026196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most important environmental issues in China. This study aimed to explore the correlation between PM2.5 and airway inflammation in healthy rats. The PM2.5 group was given an intranasal instillation of PM2.5 suspension on 15 consecutive days, and each received oral saline from day 16 to 90. The BV intervention group was treated as the PM2.5 exposure group, except that BV instead of saline was given daily. A histopathologic examination was performed to evaluate the airway inflammation. The prevalence and function of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. The expression of AhR was detected by western blot and real-time PCR. We found that epithelial damage and increased infiltration of inflammatory cell were present in the airways after PM2.5 exposure; there was an immune imbalance of Th cells in the PM2.5 group; the expression of AhR was increased in the airways after PM2.5 exposure. In the PM2.5 + BV group, we demonstrated alleviated immune imbalance and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways. Our study showed that exposure to PM2.5 induced airway inflammation. The imbalance of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 in PM2.5-induced airway inflammation might be associated with activation of the AhR pathway. Oral BV reduces PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and regulates systemic immune responses in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hai Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yuan Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Hua Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Yong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Su-Ling Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xue P, Fu J, Zhou Y. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:286. [PMID: 29487603 PMCID: PMC5816799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important cytosolic, ligand-dependent transcription factor. Emerging evidence suggests the promoting role of the AhR in the initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Studies on various tumor types and tumor cell lines have shown high AhR expression, suggesting that AhR is activated constitutively in tumors and facilitates their growth. Interestingly, immune evasion has been recognized as an emerging hallmark feature of cancer. A connection between the AhR and immune system has been recognized, which has been suggested as an immunosuppressive effector on different types of immune cells. Certain cancers can escape immune recognition via AhR signaling pathways. This review discusses the role of the AhR in tumor immunity and its potential mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eis, a novel family of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87). Sci Rep 2018; 8:2435. [PMID: 29402941 PMCID: PMC5799202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) proteins were found to enhance the intracellular survival of mycobacteria in macrophages by acetylating aminoglycoside antibiotics to confer resistance to these antibiotics and by acetylating DUSP16/MPK-7 to suppress host innate immune defenses. Eis homologs composing of two GCN5 N-acetyltransferase regions and a sterol carrier protein fold are found widely in gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we found that Eis proteins have an unprecedented ability to acetylate many arylalkylamines, are a novel type of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase AANAT (EC 2.3.1.87). Sequence alignment and phyletic distribution analysis confirmed Eis belongs to a new aaNAT-like cluster. Among the cluster, we studied three typical Eis proteins: Eis_Mtb from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Eis_Msm from Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Eis_Sen from Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Eis_Mtb prefers to acetylate histamine and octopamine, while Eis_Msm uses tyramine and octopamine as substrates. Unlike them, Eis_Sen exihibits good catalytic efficiencies for most tested arylalkylamines. Considering arylalkylamines such as histamine plays a fundamental role in immune reactions, future work linking of AANAT activity of Eis proteins to their physiological function will broaden our understanding of gram-positive pathogen-host interactions. These findings shed insights into the molecular mechanism of Eis, and reveal potential clinical implications for many gram-positive pathogens.
Collapse
|
41
|
Elucidating the Role of CD84 and AHR in Modulation of LPS-Induced Cytokines Production by Cruciferous Vegetable-Derived Compounds Indole-3-Carbinol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020339. [PMID: 29364159 PMCID: PMC5855561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the immune system by cancer protective food bioactives has preventive and therapeutic importance in prostate cancer, but the mechanisms remain largely unclear. The current study tests the hypothesis that the diet-derived cancer protective compounds, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), affect the tumor microenvironment by regulation of inflammatory responses in monocytes and macrophages. We also ask whether I3C and DIM act through the aryl hydrocarbon (AHR)-dependent pathway or the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family protein CD84-mediated pathway. The effect of I3C and DIM was examined using the human THP-1 monocytic cell in its un-differentiated (monocyte) and differentiated (macrophage) state. We observed that I3C and DIM inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of IL-1β mRNA and protein in the monocyte form but not the macrophage form of THP-1. Interestingly, CD84 mRNA but not protein was inhibited by I3C and DIM. AHR siRNA knockdown experiments confirmed that the inhibitory effects of I3C and DIM on IL-1β as well as CD84 mRNA are regulated through AHR-mediated pathways. Additionally, the AHR ligand appeared to differentially regulate other LPS-induced cytokines expression. Hence, cross-talk between AHR and inflammation-mediated pathways, but not CD84-mediated pathways, in monocytes but not macrophages may contribute to the modulation of tumor environments by I3C and DIM in prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shir A, Klein S, Sagiv-Barfi I, Geiger T, Zigler M, Langut Y, Edinger N, Levitzki A. S101, an Inhibitor of Proliferating T Cells, Rescues Mice From Superantigen-Induced Shock. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:288-297. [PMID: 29149330 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are extremely potent bacterial toxins, which evoke a virulent immune response, inducing nonspecific T-cell proliferation, rapid cytokine release, and lethal toxic shock, for which there is no effective treatment. We previously developed a small molecule, S101, which potently inhibits proliferating T cells. In a severe mouse model of toxic shock, a single injection of S101 given together with superantigen challenge rescued 100% of the mice. Even when given 2 hours after challenge, S101 rescued 40% of the mice. S101 targets the T-cell receptor, inflammatory response, and actin cytoskeleton pathways. S101 inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the differentiation of T-helper cells, especially Th17, and regulatory T cells. Our results provide the rationale for developing S101 to treat superantigen-induced toxic shock and other pathologies characterized by T-cell activation and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Shir
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maya Zigler
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Yael Langut
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ligand-mediated cytoplasmic retention of the Ah receptor inhibits macrophage-mediated acute inflammatory responses. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1471-1487. [PMID: 28892097 PMCID: PMC5711556 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AHR) has been shown to exhibit both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity in a context-specific manner. In vivo macrophage-driven acute inflammation models were utilized here to test whether the selective Ah receptor modulator 1-allyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1H-indazol-3-yl]-4-methoxyphenol (SGA360) would reduce inflammation. Exposure to SGA360 was capable of significantly inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated endotoxic shock in a mouse model, both in terms of lethality and attenuating inflammatory signaling in tissues. Topical exposure to SGA360 was also able to mitigate joint edema in a monosodium urate (MSU) crystal gout mouse model. Inhibition was dependent on the expression of the high-affinity allelic AHR variant in both acute inflammation models. Upon peritoneal MSU crystal exposure SGA360 pretreatment inhibited neutrophil and macrophage migration into the peritoneum. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SGA360 attenuated the expression of numerous inflammatory genes and genes known to be directly regulated by AHR in thioglycolate-elicited primary peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. In addition, expression of the high-affinity allelic AHR variant in cultured macrophages was necessary for SGA360-mediated repression of inflammatory gene expression. Mechanistic studies revealed that SGA360 failed to induce nuclear translocation of the AHR and actually enhanced cytoplasmic localization. LPS treatment of macrophages enhanced the occupancy of the AHR and p65 to the Ptgs2 promoter, whereas SGA360 attenuated occupancy. AHR ligand activity was detected in peritoneal exudates isolated from MSU-treated mice, thus suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of SGA360 is mediated at least in part through AHR antagonism of endogenous agonist activity. These results underscore an important role of the AHR in participating in acute inflammatory signaling and warrants further investigations into possible clinical applications.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kawajiri K, Fujii-Kuriyama Y. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a multifunctional chemical sensor for host defense and homeostatic maintenance. Exp Anim 2016; 66:75-89. [PMID: 27980293 PMCID: PMC5411294 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a pivotal chemical sensor that transduces
extrinsic and intrinsic signals into cellular responses. AHR was originally thought to be
involved in not only drug metabolism but also carcinogenic and toxicological responses
against environmental contaminants, such as
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons. However, recent studies demonstrate that the AHR plays multiple intrinsic
roles in host defense and homeostasis as well, including immunity, stem cell maintenance,
and cell differentiation, upon binding with an increasing number of newly defined dietary,
cellular, and microbe-derived ligands. In addition, AHR is a convergence point for several
signaling cascades, which may be involved in the diverse diseases caused by binding of the
persistent ligand TCDD with extremely high affinity to AHR. A comprehensive understanding
of physiological and pathological processes initiated by endogenous AHR agonists and
antagonists may allow for the therapeutic regulation of AHR activity. Thus, the AHR can be
a valuable diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Kawajiri
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Impact of Heat Stress on Cellular and Transcriptional Adaptation of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157237. [PMID: 27682256 PMCID: PMC5040452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the heat responsive genes and biological pathways in heat stressed buffalo mammary epithelial cells (MECs). The primary mammary epithelial cells of riverine buffalo were exposed to thermal stress at 42°C for one hour. The cells were subsequently allowed to recover at 37°C and harvested at different time intervals (30 min to 48 h) along with control samples (un-stressed). In order to assess the impact of heat stress in buffalo MECs, several in-vitro cellular parameters (lactate dehydrogenase activity, cell proliferation assay, cellular viability, cell death and apoptosis) and transcriptional studies were conducted. The heat stress resulted in overall decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation of MECs while induction of cellular apoptosis and necrosis. The transcriptomic profile of heat stressed MECs was generated using Agilent 44 K bovine oligonucleotide array and at cutoff criteria of ≥3-or ≤3 fold change, a total of 153 genes were observed to be upregulated while 8 genes were down regulated across all time points post heat stress. The genes that were specifically up-regulated or down-regulated were identified as heat responsive genes. The upregulated genes in heat stressed MECs belonged to heat shock family viz., HSPA6, HSPB8, DNAJB2, HSPA1A. Along with HSPs, genes like BOLA, MRPL55, PFKFB3, PSMC2, ENDODD1, ARID5A, and SENP3 were also upregulated. Microarray data revealed that the heat responsive genes belonged to different functional classes viz., chaperons; immune responsive; cell proliferation and metabolism related. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of several biological processes like; cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus, biological regulation, immune system processes and signaling. The transcriptome analysis data was further validated by RT-qPCR studies. Several HSP (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSPB1), apoptotic (Bax and Bcl2), immune (IL6, TNFα and NF-kβ) and oxidative stress (GPX1 and DUSP1) related genes showed differential expression profile at different time points post heat stress. The transcriptional data strongly indicated the induction of survival/apoptotic mechanism in heat stressed buffalo MECs. The overrepresented pathways across all time points were; electron transport chain, cytochrome P450, apoptosis, MAPK, FAS and stress induction of HSP regulation, delta Notch signaling, apoptosis modulation by HSP70, EGFR1 signaling, cytokines and inflammatory response, oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and NF- kB signaling pathway. The study thus identified several genes from different functional classes and biological pathways that could be termed as heat responsive in buffalo MEC. The responsiveness of buffalo MECs to heat stress in the present study clearly suggested its suitability as a model to understand the modulation of buffalo mammary gland expression signature in response to environmental heat load.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao Y, Ma T, Chen W, Chen Y, Li M, Ren L, Chen J, Cao R, Feng Y, Zhang H, Shi R. MicroRNA-124 Promotes Intestinal Inflammation by Targeting Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:703-12. [PMID: 26802080 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with a variety of diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD), but the essential biological functions and crucial targets of miRNAs remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the aberrant colonic mucosal miRNAs in active CD patients. METHODS miRNA levels were assayed in inflamed colon of active CD patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The influence of differential expressed miR-124 on its putative target, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), was investigated in CD patients, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice. The role of miR-124 was further studied in experimental colitis mice by intracolonic administration of miR-124 inhibitors or precursors. RESULTS We found an inverse correlation between miR-124 and AHR protein levels in colon tissues and IECs of active CD patients. Further results demonstrated that miR-124 suppressed AHR expression by directly targeting the AHR 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in Caco-2 cells and HT-29 cells. MiR-124 mediated the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells through retroregulation of AHR in vitro. Downregulation or upregulation of miR-124 in TNBS-induced colitic colon alleviated or aggravated experimental colitis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-124 induces intestinal inflammation by inhibiting AHR to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production and thereby promotes the pathogenesis of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weixu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Risheng Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yadong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Climaco-Arvizu S, Domínguez-Acosta O, Cabañas-Cortés MA, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gonzalez FJ, Vega L, Elizondo G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor influences nitric oxide and arginine production and alters M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Life Sci 2016; 155:76-84. [PMID: 27153778 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of environmental pollutants. It is also implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Ahr-null macrophages overproduce several proinflammatory cytokines following LPS-mediated stimulation, suggesting that AHR affects the balance between the inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine whether the loss of AHR modifies macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peritoneal macrophages from wild-type and Ahr-null mice were differentiated into M1 or M2 phenotype by treatment with LPS/IFNγ or IL-4, and several M1 and M2 markers were determined by qPCR and ELISA assays. Macrophage phagocytic capacity was determined through phagocytosis of yeast and Leishmania major infection assays. Nitric oxide (NO) and urea production, and arginase activity were also determined. KEY FINDINGS When macrophages were polarized to the M1 phenotype, Ahr-null cells presented a mixed response; higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα were observed after IFNγ- and LPS-mediated activation. However, Ahr-null cells also exhibited decreased NO production and phagocytic capacity. When macrophage was polarized to the M2 phenotype, Ahr-null cells exhibited lower levels of Fizz1, Ym1, and IL-10. In contrast, arginase activity was increased when compared to wild-type macrophages. In addition, macrophages from Ahr-null mice were more susceptible to L. major infection. SIGNIFICANCE Disruption of the Ahr gene alters macrophage polarization when compared to WT macrophage. These changes may affect the development and resolution of several diseases such as bacterial or parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Climaco-Arvizu
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | | | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Unidad de Biomedicina, C.P. 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Libia Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Zacatenco, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 México D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu T, Zhou Y, Qiu L, Do DC, Zhao Y, Cui Z, Wang H, Liu X, Saradna A, Cao X, Wan M, Gao P. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Protects Lungs from Cockroach Allergen-Induced Inflammation by Modulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5539-50. [PMID: 26561548 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cockroach allergen leads to allergic sensitization and increased risk of developing asthma. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor for many common environmental contaminants, can sense not only environmental pollutants but also microbial insults. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the capacity to modulate immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether AhR can sense cockroach allergens and modulate allergen-induced lung inflammation through MSCs. We found that cockroach allergen-treated AhR-deficient (AhR(-/-)) mice showed exacerbation of lung inflammation when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an AhR agonist, significantly suppressed allergen-induced mouse lung inflammation. MSCs were significantly reduced in cockroach allergen-challenged AhR(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice, but increased in cockroach allergen-challenged WT mice when treated with TCDD. Moreover, MSCs express AhR, and AhR signaling can be activated by cockroach allergen with increased expression of its downstream genes cyp1a1 and cyp1b1. Furthermore, we tracked the migration of i.v.-injected GFP(+) MSCs and found that cockroach allergen-challenged AhR(-/-) mice displayed less migration of MSCs to the lungs compared with WT. The AhR-mediated MSC migration was further verified by an in vitro Transwell migration assay. Epithelial conditioned medium prepared from cockroach extract-challenged epithelial cells significantly induced MSC migration, which was further enhanced by TCDD. The administration of MSCs significantly attenuated cockroach allergen-induced inflammation, which was abolished by TGF-β1-neutralizing Ab. These results suggest that AhR plays an important role in protecting lungs from allergen-induced inflammation by modulating MSC recruitment and their immune-suppressive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224; Department of Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Danh C Do
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Heng Wang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Arjun Saradna
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lahoti TS, Boyer JA, Kusnadi A, Muku GE, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Synergistically Induces Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Expression of Proinflammatory Chemokine (c-c motif) Ligand 20. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:229-40. [PMID: 26259605 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AHR) is directly involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, these activities are poorly understood at the level of gene regulation. The chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) plays a nonredundant role in the chemoattraction of C-C motif receptor 6 expressing cells (eg, T cells and others). A survey of promoter regions of chemokine genes revealed that there are several putative dioxin responsive elements in the mouse Ccl20 promoter. The addition of an AHR agonist along with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to cultured primary peritoneal macrophages results in synergistic induction of both Ccl20 mRNA and protein, compared with each compound alone. Through the use of macrophage cultures derived from Ahr(-) (/) (-) and Ahr(nls/nls) mice, it was established that expression of the AHR and its ability to translocate into the nucleus are necessary for AHR ligand-mediated synergistic induction of Ccl20. Gel shift analysis determined that a potent tandem AHR binding site ~3.1 kb upstream from the transcriptional start site can efficiently bind the AHR/ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor/AHR nuclear translocator) heterodimer upon activation with a number of AHR agonists. Furthermore, studies reveal that LPS increases AHR levels on the Ccl20 promoter while decreasing HDAC1 occupancy. The level of Ccl20 constitutive expression in the colon is greatly attenuated in Ahr(-) (/) (-) mice. These studies suggest that the presence of AHR ligands during localized inflammation may augment chemokine expression, thus participating in the overall response to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S Lahoti
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jacob A Boyer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ann Kusnadi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gulsum E Muku
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Meisenberg A, Kaschuba D, Balfanz S, Jordan N, Baumann A. Molecular and functional profiling of histamine receptor-mediated calcium ion signals in different cell lines. Anal Biochem 2015; 486:96-101. [PMID: 26151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) play a pivotal role in cellular physiology. Often Ca(2+)-dependent processes are studied in commonly available cell lines. To induce Ca(2+) signals on demand, cells may need to be equipped with additional proteins. A prominent group of membrane proteins evoking Ca(2+) signals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). These proteins register external signals such as photons, odorants, and neurotransmitters and convey ligand recognition into cellular responses, one of which is Ca(2+) signaling. To avoid receptor cross-talk or cross-activation with introduced proteins, the repertoire of cell-endogenous receptors must be known. Here we examined the presence of histamine receptors in six cell lines frequently used as hosts to study cellular signaling processes. In a concentration-dependent manner, histamine caused a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in HeLa, HEK 293, and COS-1 cells. The concentration for half-maximal activation (EC50) was in the low micromolar range. In individual cells, transient Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+) oscillations were uncovered. The results show that (i) HeLa, HEK 293, and COS-1 cells express sufficient amounts of endogenous receptors to study cellular Ca(2+) signaling processes directly and (ii) these cell lines are suitable for calibrating Ca(2+) biosensors in situ based on histamine receptor evoked responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Meisenberg
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kaschuba
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Balfanz
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadine Jordan
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|